Buddha Air - Yatra - February 2020 by Buddha Air Pvt. Ltd.

B U D

Issue # 39 February 2020

w w w . b u d d h a a i r . c o m

Jhumke Topi

Wonderful Nepal

PETER BUDD Australian Ambassador to Nepal

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BAPHACHA Young Priest of Nepal

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Buddha Air

buddhaair@buddhaair.com 977-1-5521015 Jawalakhel, Lalitpur, Nepal

Namaste and welcome on board Buddha Air!

I would like to wish each of you a Happy New Year 2020! It’s the start of a new decade and I am hopeful that it will be a great one. It’s the dawn of a new decade for all of us, which is a great time to reflect on the past as we look forward to the future. In the past decade, we celebrated many milestones together with the introduction of ATR aircrafts to our fleet family, establishing and operating our very own state of the art hangar, addition of new flight routes and destinations and also breaking records of flying the highest number of passengers in a single day. We are starting off the new year by introducing a new destination; Rajbiraj. From February 2020, we will have daily flights between Kathmandu and Rajbiraj, connecting Province 2 and Province 3. Furthermore, we are also introducing a new flight route between Pokhara and Biratnagar from 3 February 2020. There will be 3 flights weekly for this route. Since we introduced the ramp facility, we have been extending these services to other airports we operate in. As of January 2020, we have ramp facilities in Bhadrapur, Biratnagar, Janakpur, Simara, Bhairahawa, Nepalgunj and Bharatpur. We will also be extending the ramp facility to Dhangadhi and Rajbiraj as well. Unfortunately, we will not be able to avail the service to Tumlingtar due to small aircraft operation and Pokhara and Kathmandu due to space constraints.

In-flight magazine Jawalakhel, Lalitpur, Nepal e-mail: yatra@buddhaair.com

Buddha Air would not be where we are today without the love and support of our passengers. In this issue, we had a chat with the top three Royal Club frequent flyer members - who have been flying with us for many years and earned countless mileage points. Read about their Buddha Air journey in, “Loyal members of Royal Club.” Our Yatra team also had an insightful interview with Peter Budd, the Australian Ambassador to Nepal, where he detailed his journey traveling across Nepal with his family. Read about it in “Wonderful Nepal: Yet To Be Explored.” Nepal is starting off to a great new year, with its Visit Nepal 2020 campaign, which is an endeavor to bring over 2 million tourists to the country. Since we are part of the travel industry, we are also doing our part to promote tourism around Nepal. If you need a list of recommendations on where to go in Nepal for 2020, read all about it in our cover story, “Welcome To Nepal.” Check out our “Get Featured” section to see the wonderful photos captured by our flyers of their journey with us. Please send us your feedback, suggestions, experiences, and testimonials; they could be featured on the next issue of Yatra. Thank you for choosing to fly with us. I hope you have a pleasant flight.

Birendra B. Basnet Managing Director, Buddha Air

Published by: Buddha Air Pvt. Ltd., Jawalakhel, Lalitpur, Nepal Editorial Board : lKhagendra Bahadur Basnet lSubarna Kharel lUL Shrestha lRatna Rai lD.K. Karna

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contents

Issue Feb 2020

COVER STORY 38

Welcome to Nepal

1 4 An Ode to Birds Our Beautiful companions on Earth

Food on the Go !

1 6 5 things to do in

Bhaktapur

Aalucha

A Nepali food chain that only serves potatoes

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TREKKING

KANCHENJUNGA TREK Built for the Intrepid Traveller l Mohan Duwal

anchenjunga is the world’s third-highest mountain. It is located in the eastern region of Nepal. The Kanchenjunga trek is one of the most strenuous treks - but this also makes it rewarding because of the wilderness and unspoiled nature you’ll see. While trekking, you come across highland forest, rhododendrons in bloom and majestic waterfalls, while getting an authentic

experience of the village life in eastern Nepal. Mohan Duwal, an avid trekker, and photographer shares his experiences of the Kanchenjunga trek to the north camp of Pangpema. In Tibetan, Kanchenjunga means, “Five Treasures of the Great Snow.” It is one of the five peaks of the Kanchenjunga range. The trek has two routes; the trek can be carried out to the north base camp or south base camp, or you can trek to both the north and south base camp on a Kanchenjunga circuit trek. The trek will take about 17 to 22 days depending

on your pace and time needed for acclimatization. The highest altitude you’ll reach in this trek is above 5,000 meters. The trek requires you to walk at least 5 hours each day to reach the next stop. Therefore, you have to plan your trek by calculating the time and determine where to rest for the night. You do not want to keep trekking until nightfall. Since teahouses are not abundant in this trek, you need to carry enough water and food while trekking. My Kanchenjunga trek started with a one hour flight from Kathmandu to Bhadrapur. There

TREKKING

KANCHENJUNGA NORTH BASE CAMP TREK FACTS Duration: 17 to 22 days depending on your pace and rest days needed for acclimatization. Highest Altitude: 5,140 meters Trek Grade: Strenuous Best Time to Visit: March to mid-May and October to late November Accommodation: Rural villages, tea houses and tented camps

are daily flights that depart to Bhadrapur. After landing, take a nine-hour drive to Taplejung. Depending on the time of your flight, you can rest for the night at either Bhadrapur or Taplejung. The trek begins from Taplejung to Chirruwa. The first part of the trail was a descent from 1820 m to 1270 m. It took about seven hours to reach the first destination on the trek. After a nightâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s rest, head out to Sekathum the next morning. The trail will take around five hours to reach Tamur River. You have the option to take a vehicle from Taplejung to Sekathum and start the trek to Amjilosha. If you choose to trek, it takes about seven to

eight hours to trek from an altitude of 2000 meters to 2500 meters. After Amjilosha, the next stop is at Gyabla village (2730 m), which takes four hours to trek. However, I chose to go to Phaley, which is an

old Tibetan village that has been thriving for more than 150 years. It was enriching to experience the local culture and farming lifestyle of the people. You can enjoy organic food and cheese at Phaley with the

warm hospitality of the locals. The next morning, start the trek towards Ghumsa village (3595 m). As the capital region of Kanchenjunga, there are good facilities here compared to the other rest stops. I took a rest at Ghumsa for acclimatization and enjoyed witnessing the daily life of the locals. From here onwards, trekkers are required to sleep in tents. There are a few teahouses available to replenish food or water before going onward to Khambachen. The trek from Ghumsa to Khambachen takes about four hours. There is a drastic rise in altitude from 3600 m in Ghumsa to 4100 m in Khambachen. It’s best to stop at Khambachen for the night and get acclimatized before moving on Lhonak (4785 m). Lhonak is the final stop before reaching Kanchenjunga Base Camp.

The trek requires you to walk at least 5 hours each day to reach the next stop. Therefore, you have to plan your trek by calculating the time and determine where to rest for the night It’s advisable to wake up before the sun rises and make your way towards Pangpema - Kanchenjunga’s north base camp. The five peaks emerged closer as I neared the base camp. If you’re lucky, you might see the sun rise over the five peaks of the Kanchenjunga range. It is wise to reach the base camp early as the peaks will get shrouded in clouds. Pangpema sits at an altitude of 5140 meters and is the highest altitude on the Kanchenjunga trek. Due to the great effort required

to trek Kanchenjunga, trekkers rarely go there. This means that that you can an unadulterated wildlife experience, and you might even spot the elusive Himalayan Blue Sheep. After spending a day at the base camp, descent down to Ghumsa or trek to Sele La to head towards the south base camp. If you plan to trek to the south base camp, there are rest stops at Cheram, Ramche, and Oktang before reaching Yalung Ri the south base camp. The descent from the south base camp is the same trail to Ghumsa and descent from there. There is another trail from the south base camp that goes through Tortung to Yamphuding. After which, you trek to Mamanke then Kesuwa before you reach Lalikharka - the final stop before heading to Taplejung. Contact for Trekking & Holiday Packages holidays@buddhaair.com

R O YA L C L U B

Loyal Members of Buddha Air’s Royal Club On 14 November 2019, three of Buddha Air’s top Royal Club members were felicitated by its Managing Director, Mr. Birendra B. Basnet. Mr. Basnet personally thanked them for their continuous support and trust in Buddha Air. The top three Royal Club members, Mr. Lalit KC, Mr. Shakti Kumar Yadav, and Mr. Surya Prasad Joshi have been flying with Buddha Air for over two decades. ‘Yatra’ caught up with them to learn more about their experience of flying with Buddha Air over the years.

Lalit KC

Surya Prasad Joshi

Shakti Kumar Yadav

HOW LONG HAVE YOU BEEN FLYING WITH BUDDHA AIR? HOW DID YOU KNOW ABOUT BUDDHA AIRâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S ROYAL CLUB? Lalit KC: I have been flying with Buddha Air since 2003 and the employees told me about becoming a Royal Club member. Since my first flight on 14 January 2003, I have earned 479,887 miles after flying with Buddha Air for 16 years. Shakti Kumar Yadav: My first flight with Buddha Air was in 1997. It was a flight from Nepalgunj to Kathmandu. I used to fly with Necon Air, but after it discontinued, I started flying with Buddha Air. It was my brother who told me about Buddha Airâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Royal Club and I became a member in 2005. In fact, it was my brother who filled in my registration form! Since becoming a member, I have earned 369,327 miles. Surya Prasad Joshi: I have been flying with Buddha Air since its inception. What made Buddha Air stand out from the competition was that it introduced brand new planes to the Nepali market. Its efficient services and timely departures made them stand out. I have been a Royal Club member since 6 June 2005 and have earned 319,327 miles. DO YOU FLY FOR WORK OR LEISURE? KC: Most of my Buddha Air flights revolve around work - and I sometimes have to fly to two destinations in a day. But I also fly with my family during vacations. While I prefer to fly with Buddha Air, I have also flown with other airlines where Buddha Air has yet to operate in. I have been to almost all the districts of Nepal. Yadav: I mostly fly for work, but I frequently travel to my home town in Janakpur. Coincidently, Janakpur is a major destination I fly to for work and leisure. Joshi: Since I freelance for the insurance industry, I fly wherever my work demands me to go. Like Lalit, I sometimes have to travel to more than one destination on the same day, If I land in Kathmandu, I might need to urgently fly to another destination on the same day. WHAT BENEFITS HAVE YOU ENJOYED AFTER BECOMING A ROYAL CLUB MEMBER? KC: My family gets to fly for free with my flight credits. Since they are listed as beneficiaries, they can use my mileage points to fly to any Buddha Air destination. Yadav: My family has used over 280,000 of

my mileage points. I also got various discounts in shopping outlets, hotels and restaurants since I am a Royal Club member. Joshi: My family also uses most of my mileage points for their travel. WHAT DIFFERENCES IF ANY, HAVE YOU EXPERIENCED FLYING WITH BUDDHA AIR AND OTHER DOMESTIC AIRLINES? KC: I always choose to fly with Buddha Air to the destinations it operates in. If not, then I have to compromise and use another airline. The employees of Buddha Air are very friendly and many of them even recognize me as a Royal Club member. There have been occasions when I had to book a flight without prior notice, and the

ROYAL CLUB FREQUENT FLYER PROGRAM The more you fly, the more them for shopping because it's as miles you accumulate. Once good as cash! Gift vouchers and you gather enough miles, you benefits will only be issued from have the option of redeeming Head Office at Jawalakhel. your miles for great benefits. As a member of the ROYAL You can fly free to qualifying CLUB, you will also receive destinations or even holiday discounts on many shops, at exclusive resorts restaurants, healthand hotels. You will clubs, hotels and other also be accorded outlets. Members will preferential services be updated about and extra baggage these through our allowance (up to 5 quarterly newsletter. kg extra). Follow these simple steps If enough miles have accrued to enroll into Royal Club for you to receive benefits you n Fill up the Membership Form and Temporary Membership will receive a Redemption Form Card available at your local travel available at all Buddha Air offices. agency or at any Buddha Air Please fill in this form completely contact office. and submit it to receive your chosen award. Your membership n Present the documents above at the counter while checking in for miles can also benefit your any Buddha Air flight. spouse and a child. Free tickets and vouchers can be issued n Start earning from your very first flight! in the name of your spouse or child. Make sure you write Note: Please allow up to 4 weeks for the delivery of your their names in the membership permanent card from the date of form. Royal Club members can your first flight. now convert their achieved miles into GIFT VOUCHERS. Use

R O YA L C L U B

employees did their best to accommodate me. I understand it was a difficult situation to put them in and I am grateful for their help. Yadav: I have been flying with Buddha Air for so long that the employees are like family to me. Whenever I go to the office, everyone recognizes me and it’s good to know they treat their passengers like family. I actually became a loyal Buddha Air passenger after a bad experience with another airline. It was during the Maoist insurgency and I had to urgently fly to Bhairahawa. During this period, the roads were often blocked and flying was the way to travel. I had managed to reach the airport 30 minutes before departure time, but the airline refused to board me. In contrast, Buddha Air was willing to wait for me to get on board - and this was even before I became a Royal Club member. This incident made me a loyal passenger of Buddha Air. Joshi: As I mentioned earlier, Buddha Air, unlike other domestic airliners, chose to fly with new aircraft. Furthermore, flying with Buddha Air has always been smooth with no turbulence or rough landing. An entirely smooth flight is rare, but the flight crew does a great job of keeping everyone calm during a flight. When people from other airlines question why I fly with Buddha Air, I tell them that Buddha Air goes the extra mile and are like family to me. I trust Buddha Air and I don’t think we would receive the same services with other airliners. WHAT ARE SOME OF YOUR MEMORABLE EXPERIENCES FLYING WITH BUDDHA AIR? KC: Travelling is an interesting experience because you don’t know what to expect. Nepal’s airport conditions and weather have led to flight delays - which is completely understandable. During delays, passengers talk to each other and share their animosity, frustration, and helplessness at

the situation. A memorable flight I had was from Janakpur to Kathmandu. Due to adverse weather, the airport was closed until noon - which led to a delay in my flight. One of the passengers on the flight was a medical patient who was transferring to Kathmandu. Unfortunately, our flight was canceled. We requested that the flight should operate due to the urgency of the situation. It was a good gesture on Buddha Air’s part to operate the flight. Yadav: My memorable experiences flying Buddha Air was meeting VIPs and I even got to converse with some of them. It is good to know that big politicians and other VIPs also choose to fly with Buddha Air. Joshi: There was one time I had to urgently fly without prior notice. Unfortunately, I did not have enough cash or mileage points with me to purchase a ticket. However, Buddha Air trusted me enough to book a flight on credit. I paid for the ticket after the flight. I always remember this good faith and trust that Buddha Air had in me, ANY SUGGESTIONS YOU’D LIKE TO GIVE BUDDHA AIR? KC: There should be a way where Royal Club members get priority booking in urgent situations, or check-in at the airport quicker. Small gestures like these go a long way. Yadav: It would be great to receive special priorities when checking in and boarding. Sometimes, we have to wait in long queues and I hope this becomes more efficient in the future. Joshi: If it would be if delays could be minimized. There are many valid reasons why our flights are delayed like bad weather conditions and ongoing construction at airports. However, I believe that the number of flights can increase if the number of mountain flights is reduced.

ART & CRAFTS

Peek-a-boo Into The Local Products of Bamboo Family O

ur eyes lay on thousands of products daily. Some products are so unique, that we stop and praise them, while the subtle ones go unnoticed. We fail to recognize the details and acknowledge how meriting it would be to own them. One such product that we need to acknowledge is humble furniture made from Beth, Cane, and Nigalo. These bamboo furniture are purely handwoven and takes less than a day to a week to give it a gorgeous final touch. Beth is the Indian cane while Nigalo is the Nepali cane. The Nigalo has a hole in its circumference while the Beth does not - which makes it a stronger sibling. Due to the unique characteristics of Beth and Nigalo, different furniture is made from them. The finished products from Beth are more lasting and stronger. Since Beth is malleable upon heating, it can be curved. Thus, Beth is used to making luxurious furniture like sofa sets, designer

tables, beds, chairs, etc. The Nigalo is used to make products like hangers, rectangular boxes, racks, baby cribs, etc. The maker weaves the canes together with a “baas ko choya,” or bamboo husks. Decorating your room with furniture made with these handwoven tradition pieces have a separate sophistication that few have known and praised. The prices of the beautifully weaved Nigalo ranges from Rs. 100 for baskets, Rs 600 for a three partitioned rack and Rs. 3000 for hangers. The use of the standing hangers made from the Nigalo is mostly used in the village due to its affordability and durability. The items made from Beth range from Rs. 1200 for traditional chairs to Rs. 30,000 for a three-seater sofa. There are price variations due to the kind of finishing, and the demand of the customers. And the more intricate design will fetch a higher price. There are retailers scattered around the valley selling Beth and Nigalo products.

Most of them are found in Kupondole, Lalitpur and Balaju, Kathmandu. Retailers in Kupondole mostly sell the finished first-hand products from wholesalers in Satdobato, Imadol, and Balaju. There is competition entering the business with a very niche target to serve. An interaction with a retailer revealed that the Beth and Nigalo furniture business has decreased drastically in 3 years. A wholesaler from Satdobato, Mr. Rajendra Giri said, “Demands are slowly picking up in the international and hotels around tourist destinations like Chitwan and Pokhara. These are one-time orders and are not sufficient in the long-run family economy that these businesses comprise of. The market is not increasing. How I see it is that retailers are increasing while the target market is narrowing.” Giri is the only breadwinner and a single father. He has a daughter and they live in a one-bedroom apartment.

B I R D WAT C H I N G

AN ODE TO BIRDS

Earth’s Feathery Companions

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Red-Crested Pochard ;'gh]/

lBikash Basnet

When I started bird photography five years ago, I did not expect to find diversity in bird species to this extent. Their diversity and interesting lifestyle motivated me to pursue this genre of photography. In Nepal, there are about 888 species of birds. This includes migratory birds too. Finding a large species in a small country like Nepal is fascinating, but it should not come as a surprise, considering the geographical diversity

of the country. About 153 species of the birds in Nepal are winter migrants. There are also about 82 species that end up in Nepal while migrating to India, while others land due to some emergency. These birds generally come from Siberia, Mongolia, Korea as well as Tibet to escape the numbing cold. The main shelters for these birds are at Taudaha, Chitwan National Park, Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve, Jagdishpur Lake, etc. The Ruddy Shelduck that was abundantly seen in

the past, are only seen sparsely now. However, you can still birdwatch them in abundance at Chitwan or Koshi Tappu. At Taudaha, you’ll watch the Cormorant plunge into the water and dive straight in for a fish that’s larger than its neck. The Bar Headed Goose, famous for its lengthy and high altitude flight is found at Chitwan, Koshi Tappu and Narayani Rivers in winter. These geese fly from India and Nepal, flying at heights greater than that of Mt.

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Everest. You can find a few representatives of the aforementioned species in this photo feature. Instead of just mugging these numbers, we should start exploring and experiencing the lifestyle of these birds. We should understand our place in nature when we learn to do so and get rid of the belief that we are the intelligent and superior beings in the ecosystem.

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THINGS TO DO

5 Things To Do In Bhaktapur N

epal seems like a big museum for anyone visiting for the first time. Once here, you step into a series of curated artifacts and it seems like you’ve gone back in time. Bhaktapur, which is 12 kilometers from Kathmandu is the city of culture. Known by many names like “Living Heritage” and “Nepal’s Cultural Gem,” you will be mesmerized by the city’s charm Once you’ve visited the myriad of temples, shrines, and museums, here are five experiences you should not miss in Bhaktapur.

the freshly made ones or have something custom-made on the spot! You can even get your hands-on experience making clay pots. Traffic snarls, a bad day at work or even an ugly fight - all of it can be swept away by getting a little messy. Learning the basics of pottery making is easy. First, you have to cup your palms around the clay, and then make a hole in the center with our fingers. You have to simultaneously exert pressure from the inside. And there, right in front of you, is the making of a fairly well-shaped pot. WITNESS THE MAKING OF NEPALI PAPER AT PEACOCK SHOP

Photo: Nina’s Photography

DE-STRESS WITH POTTERY MAKING SESSION. “You need to try it to know it,” says an artist in the pottery square. There are two pottery squares in Bhaktapur, one in Dattatreya Temple and the other is Talako Potter Square towards the south of the durbar square. The area is famous for the rows of grey clay pots that bask in the sun to dry. Customers can take their pick of

This paper emporium is located near Peacock Window, down the side of Puraji Math. Although the paper workshop was badly damaged by the 2015 earthquake, it is up and running now. You can see the papermaking process and buy some quality Nepali paper products too. NO-NAME RESTAURANTS This nameless hole-in-the-wall consists of nothing more than a hot plate, a pancake mix and the beautiful enthusiasm of the chef. The main item on the eatery is Wo (which is called Bara in Nepali). This is a savory lentil pancake, which can be served plain or mixed with eggs and meat. To find this place, look for a sign that reads, “Nepal

bara-wo available here.” Squeeze yourself into the two-table cubby hole adjoining Tadhunchen Bahal. YOGURT SHOPS Bhaktapur’s famous “King Curd” is curdled around here. Walking through the narrow pathway from Dattatreya Square, you will arrive at Bolache, where Juju Dhau is served. This famous yogurt is served in mud bowls that are made in the pottery square. Besides being used for culinary purposes, the yogurt has deep roots in Nepali culture, traditions, rituals and religions.

For instance, Nepalis eat yogurt to purify themselves during religious fasting days. It is also consumed as an auspicious food before departing from home. Many believe that yogurt brings good luck, so a fresh container of it is placed near the entrance ways for special occasions. WOOD CARVED FURNITURE Bhaktapur Durbar Square is filled with shops selling varieties of carved furniture. The furniture reflects the antique traditions of Nepali culture. If you’re in luck, you might even see an artisan at work. Bhaktapur is where the past meets the present. All too in an intimate city that effortlessly maximizes the beauty of both worlds. Several traditions are kept alive through the art of pottery making, wood carving, and brass making.

C U LT U R E & T R A D I T I O N

BAPHACHA

The Young Priest of Patan

he practice of keeping a young priest at temple premises started thousands of years ago. Hereâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s the story of how it came to be. Patan is renowned for its cultural and religious history. The historical beauty of Hinduism and Buddhism can be found amongst the architecture and its people. One of Patanâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s famous Mahabihar (monastery) is the Golden Temple, where a young priest has been taking care of the monastery as a principal priest. The practice of keeping a young prince has been going on since the fifth century. During the reign of King Jayasthiti Malla, adult priests were responsible for taking care of the

monastery. They performed religious rites and rituals as per the practices followed by Shakyamuni Buddha and Buddhist culture. A prerequisite of being a priest for the Golden Temple was to remain celibate and not be married. Unfortunately, many of the monks failed to do so, and had to leave the temple for breaking the rules. This is when the King decided to keep a young boy as the principal priest for the Golden Temple to keep the temple pure and divine. Religiously, a young boy is believed to be of pure soul and his mind is free from any lust and greed, making him fit to be a priest for the temple. Since then, religious rites and rituals in the

C U LT U R E & T R A D I T I O N

monastery are done by a young priest who is under 12 years old. With the assistance of an elder priest, the young priest carries out regular liturgical services in the shrine of Shakyamuni Buddha. The young boy will only remain as a principal priest for one month, and he will be replaced by another boy who is younger than 12 years of age. As per the rituals of the temple, the young principal priest has to follow the eight precepts of Buddhism which are: l l l l l l l

Refrain from killing living creatures. Refrain from taking that is not given. Refrain from sexual activity. Refrain from incorrect speech. Refrain from intoxicating drinks and drugs. Refrain from eating after midday. Refrain from dancing, singing, music and going to see entertainment programmes. He is also not allowed to wear garlands, perfumes or cosmetics. Refrain from lying on high or luxurious sleeping places.

The young boy has to be from either a Shakya or Bajracharya clan also known as Yamba Sangh. There

are currently 5000 households in the Yamba Sangh, and every 50 to 52 years, a son from their family is chosen as the young priest. DAILY LIFE OF A BAPACHA The Bapacha has to wake up at 5 am every morning and performs his rituals. He takes a bath with clean water, but cannot use any soap or shampoo. After resting for a while, the elder priest will call him out for rituals. Once the rituals are complete, the Bapacha goes out for circumambulation by ringing a bell. After doing so, he returns to the temple, washes his feet and face with water and performs another set of rituals. He has free time until itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s time for the evening rituals, where he will go for circumambulation again. Neither the young priest or the elder priest are allowed outside the temple premises. Both of them must remain in the confines of the temple for one month. During his time as a principal priest, the Bapacha has to read and gain knowledge about religious and other important information that is pertinent to the monastery. Once all the rituals are complete, the young priest closes the temple door. He opens the door the next morning and repeats the same rituals. Should

school for one month. The young priest is worshipped as a God and should take care of every one of his requirements. There is a religious belief that if the young priest is angry, then it is considered a bad omen. Not even his family members are allowed to scold or talk to him with a high voice. Everyone must respect him and call him in a respective manner. Once the priest completes his month at the temple, he can return back to normal life and there are no restrictions placed on him after he completed his tenure. INCUMBENT BAPACHA At the time of writing, Pariskrit Shakya is the incumbent priest at the monastery. The 12 year old boy lives with his family at Patan and is currently the Bapacha at the monastery. He loves to play and talk to people, He enjoys his life as a Bapacha despite all the strict rules and rituals he has to follow. No matter what he did, no one scolded him and treated him like God. He loves to watch people visit the Mahabihar and worship him.

There is a religious belief that if the young priest is angry, then it is considered a bad omen

the young priest make any mistake any errors when performing the ritual, he has to take a bath and start all over again from the beginning. Furthermore, he is also not allowed to touch animals like cats and dogs, and while performing the ritual, no one is allowed to touch him. He has to take a bath every time he uses the toilet, after eating and before going to bed in the evening. Since he is a principal priest, he cannot eat more than twice a day. He can only eat after his morning ritual and before performing his evening ritual. The healthy meals are simple, and cannot be salty or spicy. In the early days, the young priest was not allowed to wear shoes or sandals, but this is permitted now. The monastery development committee arranges home tuition for him as he has to skip

“I enjoy it a lot here. I have an opportunity to learn new things, which my parents say is useful for the future.” He further adds, “It feels good that I don’t have to go to school or do any homework, but it can be a bit difficult to follow the rituals strictly.” For Pariskrit, life as a Bapacha is golden, although he does not know the history and religious value behind this culture. The silent environment of the monastery and rituals also give him peace and makes him happy. “Everybody says performing rituals of the monastery is not difficult as god gives me a superpower. And I truly feel it,” he said, “After I complete my one month tenure here I will again go back to my normal life and I will surely miss this place.” It has been said that the young boys of Shakya and Bajracharya family have the ultimate desire to be a Bapacha at Hiranyavarna Mahabihar.

SHORT TRIP

Lunch on the banks of Melamchi River

eyond the humdrum of Kathmandu Valley lies the many charms of Melamchi Bazaar and its legion of Himalayan fauna. The constant honks of the vehicles of Kathmandu and the hill station traffic had left us frazzled as we were stopping for lunch on the banks of the Melamchi River. The Melamchi River is a tributary of the larger Indrawati River basin. The river originates from the snowy mountains of the Jugal Himal, standing tall at 5,875 m. It joins the Indrawati River at the Melamchi Pul Bazaar. A cup of hot tea was just what we needed and the clear Himalayan air

ITINERARY

7 am: Start from Kathmandu to Melamchi Valley (via Chisapani Road) 8 am: Visit Panchmukhi Hanuman Mandir for Darshan and breakfast.

of the Melamchi River, where the drinking water project was underway. The view and serenity were breathtaking. We walked towards the river and dipped our bare feet in the cold water. After spending a few moments with the river, mountains and the grassland, we pulled our socks and started to find a place on the bank for lunch. The lunch started around a bonfire, with hot tea. Out of the many luxuries offered by posh restaurants, nothing beats the surreal feeling of being in the lap of nature.

Buddha Airâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Frequent Flyer Program w w w . b u d d h a a i r. c o m / r o y a l c l u b

100000

9 am: Move towards Melamchi 10:30 am: Reach 5 km ahead of the river bank.

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11 am to 12 pm: We reached Melamchi valley 12 pm to 3 pm: Lunch surrounded by the beauty of Melamchi. We also roamed around. 3 pm: Return to Kathmandu 5 pm: Back to city life.

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ABOUT MELAMCHI Melamchi is a municipality located in the Sindhupalchok District in the Bagmati Zone. The Melamchi Valley is narrow with a steep Himalayan River. There are more than 11 Hindu temples and shrines, and around 14 monasteries in the Melamchi watershed.

soothed our nerves. We were greeted by the usual riverside suspects, a plumbers water Restart and other species of birds. The trip started from Kathmandu, with an obligatory stop the ancient Panchmukhi Hanuman Mandir which is located an hour away from Melamchi. We also stopped by at a viewpoint to gaze at the Melamchi Rover. The road conditions are not great, and you have the option to either park your vehicle and walk or take the vehicle inside. We opted to walk, and it was incredible. We finally reached the banks

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007888 MR. LALIT K C MEMBER SINCE: 1 JAN 2003

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Jawalakhel, Lalitpur, Nepal Phone: 977-5521015, Ext: 114 / 130

ONLINE

Food On The go! With the growing number of online food delivery services in Nepal, ordering from your favorite restaurant is just a click away. So sit back and relax, and let your fingertips do the magic.

FOODMANDU Foodmandu is one of the pioneers for online food delivery service, which started because of the daily struggles that Manohar Adhikari was facing. Manohar, the founder of Foodmandu, was working at an IT company and could not find good food during lunch. As an IT professional, he always conceptualized on an online food delivery store, and that’s how Foodmandu was established in 2010. “In the initial days, I thought the idea of an online food store would be flourishing, but I slowly realized that awareness was required majorly,” shared Manohar.

The first three years were crucial for Foodmandu, but with time and experience, the platform has tie-ups with more than 350 restaurants and cafes in the capital. In 2020, Foodmandu has plans to expand to Pokhara. Foodmandu only makes deliveries to locations inside the ring road and its periphery. Orders can be placed via its mobile app or website. Delivery hours: 11 am to 8:30 pm. BHOJ Founded in 2015, Bhoj is a one-stop mobile app for foodies. The app is available for both Android

and Apple devices. From the mobile app, you can contact over 150 restaurants, and they will deliver food to your doorstep in no time. Unlike most online food delivery service. Bhoj does not require any minimum orders and there are no delivery charges for orders above Rs. 1,000. After a successful order is placed, a customer gets credits on their respective Bhoj wallet. Bhoj also has ongoing deals and offers that save you up to 30% for select restaurants. Furthermore, the app also allows customers to share their reviews and experiences of the food. Delivery hours: 10 am to 8:30 pm FITBOX NEPAL If you’re looking for a healthier online food delivery service, then FitBox is perfect for you. All of their meals are calorie planned and made using whole grains with low-to-no-added sugar. “The sheer importance of healthy food emerged when I started working out in the gym. Since my family was in the catering business for the past 20 years, it was easy to get into with a twist of my interest,” reveals Denim Shrestha, who started FitBox Nepal in May 2018. Nutritious and healthy food is delivered in microwavable boxes. There are several categories you can choose from like low-calorie, high calorie, keto meal, deluxe meal, and basic meal. You can opt for food delivery between 15 days to 30 days. The menu ranges from shredded chicken, kidney

bean meal, chicken casserole, quinoa chicken salad, etc. Delivery hours: 10 am to 2:30 pm FOODMARIO If you crave for home-cooked meals, then Foodmario is for you. The company has adopted an innovative “home-cooked” food model that connects home cooks with customers. It started in 2017 and provides a platform for home chefs to showcase their healthy, homecooked fare. Their recipes can be tweaked according to your preference. You can choose from over 100 home chefs on a mobile app. Delivery is limited to Kathmandu. Delivery hours: Depends upon availability on the app. FOODMOOD Unlike the other online food delivery services mentioned, FoodMood only operates in Pokhara and Chitwan. It offers four delivery options: deliver now, schedule delivery, take away and visit and eat. So the next time you’re traveling to Chitwan or Pokhara and do not want to wait in a restaurant, consider ordering from FoodMood. It also offers a real-time update of their orders. The prices mentioned on its website is the same as that of its table restaurant menu. Delivery time: 11 am to 8:30 pm

BOOK

Top 10 Books to Read in 2020 1.

Disappearing Earth by Julia Phillips: Two girls go missing from a small town in Kamchatka Peninsula. What follows is the narration of stories about the town’ various women who have been affected — personally, psychologically and culturally — by the disappearance. Each story, richly textured and layered, although fictional reflects the reality of today.

Exhaltation by Ted Chiang: Not a big fan of science fiction? This book will change your mind. The collection of nine stories explore the consequences of time travel and takes you on a journey through unknown terrain and ideas, without a condescending voice. At the end, the nine stories come a full circle, raising philosophical questions and starting a conversation.

Night Boat to Tangier by Kevin Barry: Barry’s story is based in a secluded ferry terminal in Spain, where two Irish gangsters, the antiheroes of this story, are waiting for a woman. The narrative unfolds the intertwined lives of the two leads, the mystery woman they are waiting for, and what is to come.

4. 26

Say Nothing by Patrick Radden Keefe: The novel

Everyone needs a good book to read. While turning the pages of a classic is always comfortable, there is a magic in reading a new book. So here we are, with a list of the Top 10 Nepali and international books to read for the new year. Happy reading!

masterfully tells the 1972 murder of Jean McConville, a 38-year-old widow and mother in Belfast. Presenting all sides of the conflict, the writer uses the murder to tell the troubled history of Northern Ireland and how an era was tragically damaged.

The Yellow House by Sarah M. Broom: The debut novel by Broom is part oral history, part urban and part celebration of earlier way of life. She retraces the history of her family home in New Orleans that was wiped off the map.

No Visible Bruises by Rachel Louise Snyder: A topic that the World Health Organization has called “a global health problem of epidemic proportions” has been beautifully presented by Snyder in the book. Domestic violence is a global issue crossing borders of class, religion and race, and Snyder movingly presents the stories of women, both living and dead, who’ve been a victim of the crime.

Midnight in Chernobyl by Adam Higginbotham: The book is a detailed account of April 1986 explosion at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. The historic disaster has been skillfully written by Higginbotham giving vivid details of the miscalculations,

mistakes, that built up to the tragedy. A thrilling read!

Kathmandruids by Peter J. Karthak: Launched in 2018, Kathmandruids: Monomyths and Meanymyths tells the story of the greater Nepal that once used to be and how the upper-upper middle class of Nepal have built their empire multifold by sucking the country dry. The author tells the truth as he knows it and makes for an arresting, fun read.

Aparajita by Parijat: Published in 2018/2019, the book is a collection of letters written by Parijat to her younger sister Sukanya. In the letters she shares her struggles and challenges involving finances and disease with her sister. The emotive letters provide a glimpse into the writer’s short but wondrous life.

10.

The Nepal Nexus by Sudheer Sharma: A must-read for anyone interested in the recent history of Nepal! The book is a comprehensive, inside account of the impact of the Maoist civil war, the royal massacre, the subsequent end of monarchy and developments in the Terai region, profiling the major players involved.

BOOK REVIEW

The God of Small Things When Love Laws Made

sn't it great to have options in life? Lucky are those who enjoy the liberty to handpick what they prefer in life, who they want to be, where they want to live and with whom they want to share their quality life. For certain its slight things to esteem but for some, it is indeed the god of small things. And that's how this book transpired to me. Arundhati Roy the author of 'The God of Small things', her first novel is an Indian writer who is, in addition, an activist focusing on issues related to social justice and economic inequality. She won the Booker Prize in 1997 for The God of Small Things. She came up with another writing, The Ministry of Utmost Happiness' in 2017 twenty years later after. Besides these, she has also written two screenplays and several collections of essays. The God of Small things represents a dreary incident about seven years' old fraternal twins Estha and Rahel along with their Ammu (mother) who lives in their grandparents' home in Ayemenem (Kerala) following her divorce. Ammu works in the family's pickle factory regardless of which she and her kids are disavowed with any rights, by her brother Chacko who considers them nothing less than a substantial burden around his neck. The story goes further when Chacko's ex-wife Margaret brings their daughter Sophie Mol to Ayemenem on a visit from London which ends in the demise of Sophie for which Estha and Rahel have to pay a hefty price. The story reveals history's vicious way of taking vengeance on people who break the love laws. 'The laws that lay down who should be loved, how and how much.' Few strings from the story that held my heart are,' the secret of the great stories is that they have no secrets. The great stories are the ones you have overheard and desire to hear again.â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;The ones you can enter anywhere and inhabit comfortably. They don't deceive you with thrills and trick endings. They don't surprise you with the unforeseen. They are as familiar as the house you live in or the smell of your lover's skin. You know how they end yet you listen as though you don't. In the way that although you know that

one day you will die, you live as though you won't. In the Great Stories, you know who lives, who dies who finds love, who doesn't. And yet you want to know again. That is their mystery and their magic. The events in the story segregate light on the deep cradled partiality about caste nurtured by our society. It shows the confines to which people blaspheme on their beliefs and penalize those violating the norms laid by people. A peek of the leverage of communism in Kerala is reflected in the book. The book has explicitly expressed the delicate deliberation and dilemmas of the human mind as a child, as an adult, as a lover and as a mother. Roy has uniquely placed words with measured comparisons to every scene that is a completely lyrical taste till 340 pages. The characters will touch your soul and tow you to the place and time with gloominess washes over as you cry even when kids laugh. I should say, a delightful book composed of sightly language is a must-read for every passionate reader.

l Krity Jha

FOOD & DRINK

AALUCHA For The Love of Potatoes A Nepali food chain that only serves potatoes

h potato! The golden spud loved by many. For potato lovers, the sight of a shiny ‘new’ potato’ with its thin skin conjures up the many dishes that you can eat and make. Whether it’s fried, mashed, roasted or baked, potatoes will taste good either way. Taking the love of potatoes even further are the founders of Aalucha.

THE BEGINNING Durgesh Hada and Ayushma Shrestha saw an immense opportunity of homemade potato fries when they were abroad. “As we were both students of Hotel Management, we wanted to do something in Nepal instead of working in a foreign land.” When they returned to Nepal, they collaborated with Pankaj

Shrestha and opened Aalucha in 2017. With everything in place, they opened their first restaurant at Bhaktapur Durbar Square. They started with just three varieties of tater snacks and were even inspired to name a snack Tornado Fries, after the popular snack in South Korea.

PRICING To gain a foothold in the market and survive the competition, Aaluacha has kept its prices between Rs. 45 to Rs. 300 (less than USD 3). You can get their famous Tornado Fries for just Rs 45. Their prices are so low that even their most expensive potato snack is cheaper than its competitors. The owners believe that Aalucha is popular with teenagers, office goers and even foreigners - who are all happy to eat there. MENU The menu boasts of 11 varieties of tater snacks and each are presented and cooked in a unique way. They locally source their potatoes from eastern Nepal when it’s in season, and import the potatoes from Bangladesh and Bhutan when it’s off season. They are not afraid to experiment with new dishes. Every time a new snack is created, it goes on trail for 2 months. If the snack gets positive feedback, then it’s added to the menu. This way, Aalucha always knows what their customers want and is able to tailor the menu to suit their taste buds. BUSINESS MODEL When they first started out, they

hardly had any patrons! However, with perseverance and word of mouth, Aalucha gained popularity for its prices and delicious snacks. Now, the place is teeming with people. The three owners also had trouble raising capital for their business, but without losing hope, they worked day and night to get customers to try their snacks and gained brand loyalty. They credit the success of Aalucha to their customers. They focus on customer needs and interact with them and treat them like friends and families, rather than just customers. UPCOMING PLANS After the success of the Bhaktapur outlet, Aalucha is opening its second outlet in Mangal Bazar, Patan. They have further plans to expand to open two more outlets in Kathmandu, and are hopeful to franchising their business across Nepal. Aalucha is a promising food chain opened by young Nepali entrepreneurs. From their humble beginnings to what they stand right now, Durgesh, Ayushma and Pankaj are exemplary models that through hard work and making smart decisions, you too can also grow a successful business in Nepal.

Courtesy: freepik.com

HOSTEL

Notes From A Budget Traveller YAKETY YAK HOSTEL Perfect for solo travelers, the hostel has 72 beds and options for shared spaces. You can choose between a mixed, female dorm or private room. Each room has sound insulation to restrict outside noise. There is tons of space and study beds. Nepalese hospitality will make you feel at home in no time. l Restaurants: There is an in-house restaurant and 3 other nearby l X-factor: They offer walking tours on Sunday l Location: Thamel l Price range: Rs. 813 to Rs. 1750 l Best for Solo travelers

The yearn to travel will also be there once youâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;re bitten by the travel bug. And unless you have deep pockets, discovering new places might seem like a distant dream. However, backpackers can travel freely and without the burden of expensive accommodation, airline tickets, etc. For this issue of Yatra, we bring you the best budget places to stay in while youâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;re in Nepal.

YOG HOSTEL Best suited for travelers who want to start their morning with yoga, Yog Hostel has a positive atmosphere to it. You can choose between spacious private rooms or cozy shared dorms. There are seating areas in each room and some of them also have balcony space. Wi-Fi is also available. A dorm room comes with 6 beds, linen, a lampshade, and a fan to help regulate the preferred temperature. You can even cook in a shared kitchen or order a local Asian dish. l Restaurant: There is an in-house restaurant and you can go to OR2K 300m ahead. l X-Factor: Yoga, evening activities and library

l l l

Location: Thamel Price: Starts from Rs. 573 Best for Couples

FIREFLIES HOSTEL The beautiful graffiti will make it easy for you to spot Fireflies Hostel. The youth hostel has amazing daydreaming views of the majestic mountains. The hostel has eight rooms with bunk beds, parking facilities, safe box deposit, designated smoking areas, and a tour desk. It also serves a wide range of dishes. A 5 minutesâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; walk will take you to Places Restaurant & Bar and OR2K. Fireflies Hostel can guide and help visitors to Nepal gain a unique experience. They create a community space, a family and a home for visitors from all over the world to connect. l Restaurant: There is an in-house restaurant, Places Restaurant & Bar, OR2K nearby l X-factor: Accessible l Location: Paknajol Marg, South of Thamel l Price range: Rs. 344 to Rs. 573 l Best for Solo travelers

Stay can hold 12 people. You get to try a variety of Newari dishes and the farm stay also gives you an option of shared kitchen. You also get to visit the Saturday market every week. Festivals are celebrated in a unique way here. l Restaurant: In-house kitchen l X-Factor: Newari cuisines and Saturday Market l Location: Kirtipur Sim l Price: US$ 25 for a couple l Best for a group of friends

HERB NEPAL FARM STAY This farm stay is a heaven for those who want to be away from city life. Featuring garden views, Herb Nepal Farm stay provides accommodation with a restaurant, bar, and a garden. It promises you an authentic village experience with organic farming and closeness to nature and wildlife. The farm stay is built sustainably with the use of natural building techniques, Rammed Earth. It is built to be safe, durable and earthquake resilient. The farm uses solar energy and water is naturally filtered to make it safe and drinkable. There is even space for children to play and the parents to relax. l Restaurant: In-house kitchen serving organic food l X-factor: Authentic village experience l Price: on request l Best for: Family with children WITH LOCALS NEPAL FARM STAY This beautiful farm stay in Kirtipur Sim is spread over six ropani. A new corner in the hospitality industry, With Locals Nepal Farm

EXPERIENCE

Wonderful Nepal Yet to be Explored ! PETER BUDD, Australian Ambassador to Nepal

On a recent sunny afternoon, His Excellency Peter Budd and his wife Emma Jane Stone were happy to host us at their residence in Maharajgunj. Having been in Nepal for almost three years, the couple had traveled from the east to the west of the country. Here’s their travel experience. l Surendra Rana

Chola Pass

Stupa, Everest Base Camp Gokyo

Fishtail

FIRST TRIP “The landscapes were so captivating and beautiful that I had to put my camera away because I simply couldn’t capture the whole beauty,” says Peter. The ambassador couple did their first trip to Muktinath, Upper Mustang and Lo Manthang in Sept 2017. He further adds, “The unique geographic structure, pattern and its colour, the sky caves and the cultural aspects of Mustang were tremendously awesome.”

Mustang

EVEREST TREK- THE TRIP OF A LIFETIME The ambassador, his wife, their son Jarrah and some friends recently conquered the Gokyo, Chola Pass and Everest Base Camp trek. “It was a truly amazing trek,” recalls Emma. After 35 min of flight to Lukla, they walked to Namche, where they took a two-day rest for acclimatization. After this, they trekked to Gokyo Lake. "The lake and its colour with the rock formation were fantastic and beyond imagination," Peter says. They made a small Chhorten with some rocks in memory of their dog who died last year. They spent two nights at Gokyo (4790 m) at a lodge runs by a Sherpa family. They were extremely hospitable. “They took us to get a better view of Everest and

EXPERIENCE

Tenzing Norgay Sherpa statute at Namche

Ambassador couple in Sherpa attire with a local woman

it was immensely gorgeous,” Peter said. Along with warm cups of coffee, the Budds and their friends enjoyed a picnic with a plethora of food they were not expecting at such a high altitude. The couple even dressed up in authentic Sherpa attire and captured photos of Gokyo Lake and its surroundings. Then they did the Chola Pass (5420 m) and walked along the Dzongla Glacier. “Walking along the glacier and hearing it move was a once in a lifetime experience,” Peter said. Adding to that, Emma remarked, “Physically being at the glacier and observing it was a great experience that I’ll cherish forever.” It was Jarrah’s first trek, and he too was mesmerized by the amazing nature and beauty of Nepal. Chola Pass was quite challenging but the rewards were magnificent. The

stunning sunrise with the entire view of the Himalayas under perfect weather conditions was truly splendid. After several days of trekking, they reached Everest Base Camp (5364 m). They were the only trekkers at the time. The temperature had dropped to -25 degree celsius. They stayed at Gorakshep for two nights and replenished their energy with garlic soup. They knew garlic's antioxidant characteristics, and good for altitude sickness. They had Sherpa soup, noodles, vegetable and no alcohol. They loved mountain potatoes and Dal-Bhat. They were happy to have trekked to Everest Base Camp. "We will definitely share our experience with Australian friends, " couple adds. The weather was clear and good throughout most of their trekking journey.

Yak carrying gas cylinder

Himalayan Dog captured along the trail

TRAVEL TIPS FROM THE BUDD FAMILY Ambassador at Everest Base Camp, 5364 mtrs

Having traveled extensively from east to west of Nepal, Peter Budd and Emma know a few tips that a person should adhere to when traveling around Nepal. ● Take time to do your research. ● Get travel insurance. ● As trekking requires physical fitness, it’s best to prepare a few weeks before the trek. ● Travel with a person who has indepth knowledge of the area and its people,It’s best to get a guide. ● When visiting the national parks of Nepal, be careful and mindful of the wild animals. ● Maintain nutrition & drink plenty of water. ● Do not rush, but try not to compromise your time frame. ● Respect local religions and cultures ● Though it is safe to travel in Nepal, adventurous activities like paragliding, rafting, peak climbing, etc have their own risk associated with it.

Nepal is brimming with natural beauty, but the couple is worried about the effects of climate change. “Mountain people will be the first to be impacted

Mustang

Photos Courtesy: Peter Budd

EXPERIENCE

THERE'S MORE TO NEPAL Peter did the Khopra Ridge Trek with is daughter Elsa I’m November 2018. Emma completed the trek with her friends in November a year later. Due to their individual busy work schedules they traveled separately, but occasionally together. They have even visited Chitwan and Bardia National Parks and stayed for 5 days. “As it was getting dark, the tiger slowly walked into the bush silently.” Alas! We could only capture blurred photos,” Peter recalls. He is planning on visiting again to click the elusive tiger. Emma visited BardiaNational Park again couple of months back where she was chased by an elephant. ROOM FOR IMPROVEMENT Due to the nature of his work, Peter has been traveling across the country to conduct, monitor and evaluate different projects and tasks assigned by the Australian Government. Nepal is a tourism country with endless destinations to visit. They had enjoyed flights and enjoyed a close view of the Himalayas, but nothing is comparable to walking and being there on foot. Rara Lake is simply marvelous with its reflecting waters changing its colours from day to night.

On the way to Everest Base Camp, Lobuche

Nepal is brimming with natural beauty, but the couple is worried about the effects of climate change. “Mountain people will be the first to be impacted,” they added. With time running out, the Budds still has a lot of places they’ve yet to explore in Nepal. As Nepal celebrates many festivals, Peter sees and enjoys while driving through city sometimes. The family has even celebrated festivals like Dashain, Tihar, and Holi with their Nepali friends

Besides trekking and adventure, Emma learned how to make momos and of course shopping.

and families. A fascinating festival both Peter and Emma experienced was the Rath Yatra (Chariot Festival) in Patan. They marveled at the engineering prowess of the people who built the chariot - building a chariot takes time, energy and practice along with teamwork and craftsmanship. EMMA’S TREKKING FEATS Besides their recent Everest Base Camp trek with her family and friends, Emma has also done the Tamang Heritage Trail and Langtang trek in 2017. She trekked Mardi Himal with her daughter, Elsa. With her childhood friends, she visited Pokhara and has trekked to Khopra, Lower Mustang, and BardiaNational Park. Besides trekking and adventure, she learned how to make momos and lot of shopping with her friends. Her favourite destination was Annapurna as it was still kept pristine as plastic bottles are not allowed in upper part. According to her Everest is always busy with yaks, mules, tourists etc. in busy season. It has high-quality lodges, restaurants, and wifi connected. In 2020, Emma hopes to take a trip to Phoksundo Lake.

3 YEARS IN NEPAL Peter’s 3 years in Nepal has been filled with exciting experiences. He says it is wonderful privileged to serve in Nepal representing his country & people. It is blend of people linkage between large Nepalese diasporas living in Australia & numbers of Australian citizens traveling to Nepal. “We are supporting Nepal’s development by working with the government and community, and added, "We are working in building Nepalese

human capital, livelihood, market enterprise development, etc,” says Peter. JUST DO IT! The depth of Nepalese culture and history is threaded with eco-diversity, flora, fauna, etc. The food is diverse and delicious. The couple’s message to travelers:" Take time to do your research, give yourself time and get involved in various activities, and enjoy Nepal." Their final words," Just Do It. "

Ambassador couple with their son Jarrah, in the background Everest, Nuptse and Lhotse

PETER’S TRAVERSE ACROSS NEPAL Peter is glad to see that the country is aware of the importance of keeping areas clean. He says, People are striving to protect the natural and cultural assets. He has been to Janakpur, Lumbini, Chitwan, Bardia, Karnali far and wide but has not been to Ilam yet. He wants to visit more of Terai region as it is an enriching experience due to its diverse culture and ethnic groups. “We can’t hope to travel the whole of Nepal in one visit, so one visit is not enough,” Peter said. VISIT NEPAL 2020 - A WAY TO BEGIN THE NEW YEAR “Nepal is a country with friendly and inviting people who are extremely generous. People and their living culture are key elements for the whole travel experience. The couple is optimistic with Nepal’s pristine beauty and the gorgeous Himalayas - Visit Nepal 2020 is hopeful to be successful. Peter has conveyed his best wishes for the success of the "Visit Nepal 2020" campaign. He and his Emma will be doing their effort to promote Nepal’s tourism through the diplomatic channel.

COVER STORY

Welcome to Nepal With each new year brings a new year resolution to travel more - to destinations we’ve never been to before. Nepal is celebrating a Visit Nepal Year 2020 campaign, to bring over two million tourists. The slogan for the campaign is “Lifetime Experiences” which is what you will get if you travel to any of the places below. As the country is divided into 7 provinces, we have listed the places according to each province. l Amrit Bhadgaunle

Province 1

EVEREST BASE CAMP There is no denying that a majority of people come to Nepal to experience Everest. One of the best ways to get as close to this majestic mountain is to go for a trek towards Everest Base Camp. The southern base camp lies at an elevation of 5,364 meters. You start your trek from Lukla and youâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ll reach base camp on the eighth day. To get an unadulterated view, Kalapathar is where you can get a 360 degree of the mountains. The Everest trek has hotel facilities up to Gorakshep at 5100 meters. From there, it takes 4 hours to reach Kalapathar and 3 hours to reach the base camp. You can even see Everest from Namche, which is where tourists stay to get acclimatized. Above Namche is Khumjung Valley. Sir Edmund Hillary, the first summiter to reach Everest build a school in the valley with the help of Hillary Foundation. Access: Kathmandu - Manthali 140 km (4 hours by bus). Manthali - Lukla (15 minutes by flight). Start your trek from Lukla.

O T H E R D E S T I N AT I O N S nMakalu Area Makalu is the fifth highest mountain in the world, standing tall at 8,485 meters. It lies in the Sankhuwasabha district in the Makalu Barun National Park. It takes 10 days to complete the Makalu Base Camp Trek. nHalesidham Halesidham lies in Khotang district. Halesi is a pilgrimage center for Hindus, Buddhists, and Kiratis. The place is associated with Lord Shiva, Guru Padmasambhava, and Raichakule. There are a few amazing caves in the Halesidham area.

nIlam Ilam is the destination for agro-tourism. The district is famous for tea, and other agricultural products like potatoes, cardamom, ginger,

amber peppermint, etc. that are cultivated on the 55,000 hectares of land. There are many destinations you can go to from Ilam like Kanyam, Shree Antu, Sandakpur, Ilam Bazaar, Maipokhari, Chintapu, Mikaljong, and Fikkal.

COVER STORY Province 2

JANAKPUR According to Ramayan, Janakpur is the birthplace of Goddess Sita. The main attraction of Janakpur is the ornate Janaki Temple. The temple was built when Vrisha Bhanu Kumariâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s wish for a son was fulfilled. She was the queen of an Tikamgadh, an Indian state. The construction started in 1952 B.S and was completed in 1967 B.S. Along with the Janaki Temple, there are also temples of Ram and Janak, Bibaha Mandap and a museum. On the four directions of Janakpur, there are gatekeepers. Mithileshwar in the east, Jaleshwar in the west, Chireshwar in the north and Kalyaneshwar in the south. At a distance of 16 km from Janakpur Bazar is Dhanushdham. At Gangasagar, an aarti is performed every evening. Access: Kathmandu - Janakpur 210 km via Banepa Bardibas road (six hours be jeep) or a direct non-stop 25 minutes flight from Kathmandu to Janakpur.

O T H E R D E S T I N AT I O N S nChinnamasta This is a famous Shakti Peetha of Saptari district in Nepal. Sakhreswori, as it is also known, is located near the border of India. Goat sacrifices take place during Dashain. People from Nepal and India come to Chinnamasta to celebrate Dashain and other festivals. nParsa Parsa National Park is famous for wildlife and fauna. It was established in 1994 and covers an area of 627.39 square kilometers, stretching across Parsa, Makwanpur and Bara districts. There are altitude variations between 435 m to 950 m.

nKoshi Tappu This wildlife reserve covers an area of 175 square kilometers and is stretched across Sunsari, Saptari and Udayapur districts. There are altitude variations from 75 m to 81 m. The reserve is famous for its wild buffaloes and birds. It was established in 1976 and designated a Ramsar site in December 1987. Due to the vast area, Koshi Tappu actually covers two provinces. It covers Sunsari and Udayapur in Province 1 and Saptari in Province 2.

Bagmati

KATHMANDU VALLEY As the capital city of Nepal, Kathmandu is no stranger to tourists. With the densest concentration of UNESCO heritage sites, the city is blessed with religious, natural and historical monuments . The UNESCO heritage sites listed in Kathmandu Valley are Boudhanath, Swayambhunath, Pashupatinath, Kathmandu Durbar Square, Patan Durbar Square, Bhaktapur Durbar Square, and Changu Narayan. Boudhanath and Swayambunath are iconic Buddhist sites, with the eyes of Lord Buddha overlooking the valley. The durbar squares of Kathmandu, Patan, and Bhaktapur are lined with ancient temples that have been around for centuries. The architecture of the temples is intricate and unique to Kathmandu Valley. Artisans are devoted to restoring the temples to its former glory since the 2015 earthquake. Changu Narayan Temple is believed to be one of the oldest temples of Kathmandu Valley with Lord Vishnu as the resident deity. The intricate carvings of the courtyard depict Vishnu is his different incarnations. Pashupatinath Temple is one of Kathmanduâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s famous Hindu Temple. Dedicated to Lord Shiva, the temple is located along the banks of the Bagmati river. Evening Aartis take place at the temple daily.

O T H E R D E S T I N AT I O N S nKyanjin Valley At an altitude of 3900 meters is Kyanjin Valley, which is located in Langtang National Park. The valley is renowned for its Buddhist philosophy and Tamang culture, The national park is named after Mt Lantang that stands tall at 7,246 meters. From Syafrubesi, a three-day trek through the village of Langtang will lead you to Kyanjin Valley. nDolakha There are many religious and natural places in Dolakha. Among them, Kalinchowk, Bhimeswor, Jiri Valley and Sailung are most famous. Jiri is a green valley and is sometimes known as

the Switzerland of Nepal. At Dolakha, youâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ll get views of mountains like Ganesh, Langtang, Gaurishankar, Melungtse Choyu, and even Everest. nChitwan Chitwan National Park is renowned for its conservation efforts to save the one-horned rhinoceros, the Royal Bengal tigers and Gharial crocodiles. The park (952.63 square kilometers) was established in 1973 and granted the status of World Heritage Site.

COVER STORY Gandak

ANNAPURNA CIRCUIT One of Nepal’s famous trekking routes, the Annapurna circuit will take you along various Manang villages. You will cross districts like Lamjung, Manang and Mustang when you’re trekking. You will cross Thorangla which lies at an altitude of 5146 meters. Manang is located at the foot of Gangapurna Lake, Tilicho Peak, Gangapurna and the Annapurna Himalayas. Manang valley lies along the banks of the Marsyangdi River and it takes up to three days to reach Tilicho Lake from Valley. Located in the Kali Gandaki valley is Mustang which is famous for the Muktinath Temple. You can also visit Lo-manthang Durbar, old caves, and other monasteries. Upper Mustang, also known as LoManthang is a semi-restricted area for tourists. After trekking, trekkers can use either a bus or jeep from Muktinath. Some of them prefer to fly from Jomsom to Pokhara. Some also prefer to travel Pokhara by bus. Access: Kathmandu to Besisahar 172 km. From Besisahar - Manang is a 90 km in jeep. Then you’ll trek from Manang village to Muktinath.

O T H E R D E S T I N AT I O N S nManaslu At a height of 8163 meters is Mt. Manaslu, which lies in the northern belt of Gorkha district. Nubri Valley and Tsum Valley are in Manaslu region. The trekking trail to Manaslu starts from Sedi of Gorkha and crosses Larkya La Pass, and you reach Besisahar through Dharapani of Manang. The Manaslu Circuit can be completed in 2 weeks. nDhorpatan Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve is the only hunting reserve in Nepal. It was established in 1997 and covers an area of 1,352 in Western Nepal and extends over Rukum, Myagdi and Baglung districts. The altitude ranges from 2850 m to 5500 m. There are seven hunting blocks in the reserve.

You can legally hunt Bluesheep and the Himalayan Thar at the reserve. nBandipur Bandipur is a hill station in Tanahun district. The village is famed for its traditional architecture, Himalayan ranges and actives like paragliding and hiking. It was formerly a Magar village but now is resided by other ethnicities like Bahuns, Newars, Gurungs, and Chhetris. There is a cave near Bandipur bazar called Siddha Guffa.

Province 5

LUMBINI The Maya Devi Temple in Lumbini marks the birthplace of Lord Buddha. He was born in 623 BC to Queen Maya Devi and King Suddhodan. Surrounding the temple are the ruins of the monastery. On the south side is the Pipal Chowatari where some monks recite Buddhism. The famous Ashoka Pillar, founded in 249 BC is outside the temple. Lumbini was listed as a UNESCO world heritage site in 1997. In 1978, Professor Kenzo Tange, a Japanese architect, designed the master plan for the development of Lumbini. As per the plan, the 1,155 bighas of land will be divided into three sections, which are; the Sacred Garden, Monastic Zone, and New Lumbini Village. The three square mile area is oriented along the north-south axis based on the notion of the path to enlightenment. While at Lumbini, itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s worth visiting Ramgram, Kapilvastu Durbar, Kudaan, Niglihawa, Gotihawa, Sagrava and Jagdishpur Lake.

O T H E R D E S T I N AT I O N S nSwargadwari At an elevation of 2,048 m, Swargadwari of Pyuthan district is a holy land. It is believed that the Hindu god, Brahma had meditated there. The five Pandavas also went to heaven through here thatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s why the place is considered a door to heaven, hence its name. From the temple, you can see snowcapped mountains. nJaljala At an elevation of 3650 meters, Jaljala is the highest place of Rolpa district. It lies on the Guerrilla trail. Sisne, Putha,

Gurja and Dhaulagiri are some of the mountains that are visible from here. During monsoon, beautiful flowers bloom in Jaljala. The Thawang Village is located below Jaljala. nBardia While the 968 square kilometers of the area was initially a hunting reserve, it was later declared a national park in 1988. At Bardia National Park, the conservation efforts are seeing results. There are 85 adult tigers, 41 rhinoceros, over 120 wild elephants, and over 520 bird species.

Access: Kathmandu to Lumbini (325 km), takes 8 hours by bus or you can take a 25 minutes flight from Kathmandu to Bhairahawa. From Bhairahawa, Lumbini is 20 km away.

Karnali

RARA LAKE Located at a height of 3000m is Nepalâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s largest lake. Rara Lake is 167 meters deep, 5.1 km long and 2.7 km wide. The length of the shore is 141.3 km. It takes around 4 hours to hike the lake. To capture the entire lake in one frame, you have to trek to Murma Top (3726 m), west-north of the lake. There are over 80 houses of the Rokaya community in Murma Village. While trekking from Rara to Jumla you can see the different view of the lake from Chuchemara Hill. From there, you get to see Rara Lake in all its glorious beauty, from the deep blue waters, forested hillsides, and snow-capped peaks. The lake is the major highlight of Rara National Park, which was established in 2032 BS. It covers 90% of Mugu district with an area of 106 square kilometers. Religiously, Rara Mahadev, Chhabru Mahadev and Laguda are pilgrim centres. Access: It takes three days vai road to reach Rara Lake from Kathmandu. As there is no direct flight from Kathmandu to Rara Lake, you will have to first fly from Kathmandu to Nepalgunj. Then, you will have to catch another flight from Nepalgunj to Talcha Airport - and it s a two-hour trek from there.

O T H E R D E S T I N AT I O N S nPhoksundo Lake The Y shaped lake of Dolpa district is the second deepest lake in Nepal. It lies at an elevation of 3,611m, the lake is 5.93 km long, 1.80 km wide and 145 m deep. The lake is surrounded by snow-capped mountains. On the banks of the lake lies Ringma Village, Bon Gompa, and stupas. nLimi Valley The valley is famous for its ancient monastery and Bhote culture. There are three villages in the Valley of Upper Humla

- Til (3700 m), Haalji (3670 m) and Jaang (4070 m). The Haalji Monastery is very old. Limi is connected to the Tibetan boarder Lapcha by a road network. nPanchakoshi The five places in Dailekh district, Sirsthan, Navisthan, Padukasthan, Dhuleshwar, and Kotila are known as the Panchakoshi. In the Panchakoshi area, you can find natural gas, rivers, and mountains. It is believed that getting blessings from Panchakoshi fulfills patriarchal, selfpurification and aspiration. You can take a tour of Panchakoshi on the same day in a jeep.

Province 7

KHAPTAD Located in the Far West province, Khaptad is suitable for spirituality, yoga, and meditation. Khaptad National Park is spread over 225 square kilometers and is surrounded by Doti, Bajura, Bajhang, and Achham districts. Khaptad offers beautiful varieties of landscapes with rolling green hills, moorlands, steep slopes, and streams. 567 species of flora have been recorded in the protected area, including rhododendron forests, oak and pine forests. From the park, you can see Api and Saipal Himalayan ranges. Khaptad is great for spotting wildlife and birds and there are 23 species of mammals and 287 types of birds. The mammal species found in the park are leopards, Himalayan black bears, wild hog, and musk deer. Bird species include pheasant, Peregrin Falcon, White Rumped Vulture, Partridges, Flycatchers, Bulbuls, Cuckoos, and Eagles. Besides its natural beauty, Khaptad also has a rich spiritual history. Khaptad Baba, a renowned spiritual saint is said to have meditated here for 50 years. In Khaptad, you can visit places like Trivenidham, Khaptad Baba Ashram, Khapar Dah, etc. A fair is held during Ganga Dasahara in Trivenidham. It takes 12 days to reach Rara Lake via Khaptad. Access: Kathmandu - Dhangadhi (650km) Takes 16 hours on a bus or 1 hour 10 minutes via a flight.

O T H E R D E S T I N AT I O N S

nMt. Api Located in Darchula district is the 7132m tall Mt. Api. The Api- Nampa Conservation Area was established in 2067 BS and covers an area of 1903 square kilometers. During the Api Base Camp trek, you’ll experience the untouched nature and authentic Nepali traditions. The conservation area is named after Mt. Nampa and Mt. Api. nTikapur Kailali’s Tikapur is a

beautiful garden. The park spreads over 84 hectares with many herbs, trees, and birds. Tikapur is a wellsettled city on the banks of the Karnali River. There is a “Rani Mahal” resort that offers four dozen varieties from banana wine to chips. nShuklaphanta The Shuklaphanta National Park of Kanchapur is famous for its deer species called Barha Singa. There are about 2500 such deers. The park was initially established as a hunting reserve in 2026 B.S. There is a Rana Tharu community homestay near Shuklaphanta.

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aflnsfnfO{ b] jL b'uf{sf ¿kdf k'Hg] rng 5 . … kY[ jL gf/ fo0f zfxn] pkTosf sf7df8f} + ljho ug] { lalQs} s'df/ Lsf] xftaf6 6Lsf / cflzjf{b u|x0f u/ s ] f lyP . To;} af6 a'lemG5 s'df/ L jf sGofsf] dxTj slt w] / } 5,Ú wf} e8] nn] eg]  . kfx'gfnfO{ eujfg dfGg] g]k fnL ;+: sl[ tdf ;f] xL : t/ sfn] : jfut ug'k{ 5{ eGg] dfGotf ePsfn] / sGofnfO{ klg eujfg dflgg] ePsfn] : jfut u/ fpg] rng / x s ] f] ;+: sl[ tljb\ ts{ u5{g \ . lxGb" wd{sf] ;'?jft;Fu } s'df/ L jf sGofsf] k/ Dk/ f rNb} cfPsf] s'/ fnfO{ dWogh/ u/ L : jfutsf nflu sGof pknAw u/ fpg] lhDdf sf7df8f} + dxfgu/ kflnsfn] kfpg] u/ s ] f] 5  . lqe"jg ljdfg: yn dxfgu/ leq} kg] { ePsfn] : jfutsf ;a} lhDd] jf/ L k/ / fi6« dGqfno x'bF } ;+: sl[ t, ko{6g tyf gful/ s p8\oog dGqfnosf] cfu|xdf dxfgu/ n ] g} ug] { u/ s ] f] 5  . k/ / fi6« dGqfnosf dof{bfqmd ljefusf cg';f/ dof{bfqmd jf s'6gLlts k|rng cg';f/ k~rsGofn] : jfut u/ fpg} kg] { eGg] x'Gg  . t/ g] kfnL ;+: sl[ t emlNsof] ;\ eg] / k~rsGofsf] pkl: ytL s'g } s'g } e|d0fdf / flvPsf] x'G5  . dGqfnosf sd{rf/ Lsf cg';f/ kl5Nnf] k6s lqe"jg ljdfg: yndf o;/ L lhglkªsf] : jfut ul/ Psf] lyof]   . … ;? ' df ;/ sf/ L kIfaf6 : jfut ePkl5 k~rsGofn] km"ndfnf lbP/ gd: t ] u5{g,\ Ú dof{bfqmd ljefusL Ps sd{rf/ Ln] elgg\, … t/ pgLx¿n] : jfut ug}k { 5{ eg] / st} tf] lsPsf] 5} g  . kfx'gfsf] a;fO ;'vb / xf] ;\ eGg] sfdgf;lxt g] kfnL ;+: sl[ t emNsfpg : jfut u/ fPsf xf}  + .Ú

o;/ L pRr: t/ Lo e|d0fdf k~rsGofaf6 : jfut u/ fpg] rng slxn] b l] v ;'? eof] olsg 5} g  . t/ lgs} klxn] sf pRr: t/ Lo e|d0fdf klg ;/ sf/ af6 cf} krfl/ s : jfut eO;s] kl5 k~rsGofn] : jfut ug] { u/ s ] f] dGqfnosf] egfO 5 . dxfgu/ sf ;Dkbf tyf ko{6g ljefu k|dv ' / fd yfkfsf] egfOdf : jfut ug] {sGof 5fGbf s] xL of] Uotf lgwf{/ 0f ul/ Psf] 5  . o;/ L 5flgPsfnfO{ s] xL s'/ fx¿ k/ / fi6« dGqfnon] l;sfpF5  . ljb] zL cltlysf] : jfutsf nflu sGof 5fGbf pgLx¿ lglZrt ¿kdf aflnsf x'g ] jf / h: jnf gePs} x'gk' g] { x'G5 . o;sf nflu % b] lv !@ jif{;Ddsf aflnsf 5flgG5g\ . … x b] f{ ;'Gb/ x'gk' ¥of]   . zfl/ / Ls ¿kdf czQm x'g' ePg,Ú sGof 5fGg] cfwf/ af/ ] yfkfn] eg] , … ;se/ kfFr } aflnsfsf] prfO ldn] sf] xf] ;\ eGg] rfxG5f}  + . / fd|/ L Jojxf/ ug{ ;Sg] l;sfPsf] s'/ f a'‰g] vfnsf] aflnsfnfO{ ljb] zL kfx'gfsf] : jfut ug{ k7fpF5f}  + .Ú pkTosfleq} s'g } ;f+: sl[ ts sfo{qmd eof] eg] dxfgu/ n ] g] jf/ aflnsf g} k7fpg] u/ s ] f] 5  . t/ ljb] zL kfx'gf cfP eg] hft jf wd{ gx] / Lg] u/ s ] f] pgn] hfgsf/ L lbP  . g] kfndf clwsf+zn] nufpg] klx/ g 3'8F f;Ddsf] ;f/ L, rf] nf] ;fdfGo uxgf sGofnfO{ klg klx/ fOG5 . yfkfsf cg';f/ dxfgu/ cGtu{tsf] ljefun] g} sGof 5fGg] lhDd] jf/ L kfPsf] x'G5  . k|foM j/ k/ sf lrg] hfg] sf aflnsfnfO{ s] xL 3G6f … cf] l/ PG6] ;gÚ lbP/ s: tf] Jojxf/ ug] { elg l;sfOG5 . o;/ L sGof 5gf} 6 ubf{ k|foM lghL ljBfnosf aflnsfnfO{ k|fyldstf lbOg]

ul/ G5  . yfkfsf cg';f/ lghL ljBfnodf k9\g] aflnsfx¿nfO{ k9fOsf ;fy} cltl/ Qm lqmofsnfkdf klg ;xefuL u/ fOG5 h;n] ubf{ ;d'xdf af]N g, Jojxf/ ug{ pgLx¿n] l;s] sf x'G5g\  . … eg] sf] dfGg] , kfx'gf cfpFbf gcflQg] , cfTdljZjf;L aflnsf x'gk' 5{,Ú pgn] eg]  . o;k6s lhglkª cfpFbf OGb|hfqf ev{/ } ;lsPsf] lyof]  . To;df 6Lsf yfKg k'u s ] f kfx'gfnfO{ h'g sGofx¿n] : jfut u/ s ] f lyP, ltg} n ] lhglkªnfO{ klg : jfut u/  ] . pgLx¿nfO{ o;/ L pkl: yt ePsf] s'g } eQf glbOP klg ljz]i f dxTj x'G5 . sGofsf] cy{ kfx'gfnfO{ a'emfpg ;s] cem / fd|f ] x'g ] ;+: sl[ tljb\ wf} e8] nsf] egfO 5 . j8f g+= @# sf cWoIf tyf ko{6g ljefu ;+of] hs dfrf/ fhf dxh{gsf cg';f/ j/ k/ s} lrghfgs} aflnsfnfO{ : Jffutfy{ tof/ ul/ G5  . … hftkft x] l/ Gg  . pgLx¿sf nflu agfOPsf] s] xL of] Uotf eP gePsf] x] l/ G5 / : jfutsf nflu k7fOG5,Ú pgn] eg]   . ;+: sl[ tljb\ wf} e8] n l5d] sL b] zdf ;d] t of] k|rng gePsfn] hf] ufO/ xg'kg] { atfpF5g\  . … ef/ t lxGb" ;+:s f/ cFufNg]d f cufl8 eP klg p;sf] df klg of] ;+: sl[ t 5} g  . t/ xfd|f d] f 5,Ú ;+: sl[ tljb\ wf} e8] nn] eg] , … t/ aflnsfnfO{ nfdf] ;do ef] s } s'/ fpg rflxF x'Gg . cltly gcfP;Dd 3G6f} +pEofpg' afnclwsf/ xgg t xf] g} , wfld{s b[li6n] b] jLsf] k|tLsnfO{ åf/ kfn h: tf] / fVg x'g hfG5 .Ú

ldlynf

ljjfxk~rdL

ldlynf ljjfxdf x/]s ljlwsf] uLt;+uLt 5, o;df ldlynf gf/L ;f¥x} /dfpF5g\

… bz/ y al/ oft ;fh' cfgGb nfu] ldlynfd] = = = = Ú of] uLt hgsk'/ wfddf dfq geO{ ldlynf~rnsf] 3/ 3/ df ljjfxk~rdL dxf]T ;j ;'? x'g'eGbf Ps ;ftf cuf8Lb] lv g} / fdhfgsL ljjfx;Fu ;DalGwt d} lyn j} jflxs ;+: sf/ sf uLtx¿ u'l~hg yfN5g\ . ;ft lbj;Lo o; dxf] T;jdf vf;u/ L ldlynfdf x'g] j} jflxs ljlwx¿sf] ljz] if em–emNsf] lbG5 . l

g] xf emf

lynfdf h;/ L Ps cleefjsn] cfkm\gf] 5f] / Lsf] ljjfxsf nflu dlxgf} cl3 b l] v ljjfx / hGtLsf] ;Tsf/ sf nflu tof/ L ug]{ u5{g\ l7s To;/ L g} eujfg ;Ltfsf] : jo+j/ / ljjfxsf] tof/ L ;d] t ul/ G5  . d+l;/ z'Sn k~rdL ltlysf lbg ;Ltf / / fdsf] ljjfx x'g ] eP klg To;eGbf cl3 g} y'k} | ljlw k'/f ul/G5 . q] tf o'udf cof] Wof g/ z ] bz/ ysf h] i7 k'q / fd / ldlynf g/ z ] lz/ WjhsL 5f] / L ;Ltfsf] ljjfxsf] em–emNsf] lbg] ljjfxk~rdL dxf] T;j

x] gs { f nflu b] z ljb] zaf6 nfvf} bz{gfyL{x¿ hgsk'/ wfd cfpg] ub{5g\ . ljjfxk~rdLsf nflu hgsk'/ wfdl: yt k|l;4 hfgsL dlGb/ nfO{ k"0f{ ?kn] ;hfOG5 . j} jflxs sfo{qmd dlGb/ sf] k|fu+ 0fdf k|To] s jif{ cfof] hgf ul/G5 . ljjfxsf nflu eJo d08k ;d]t lgdf{0f ul/ G5  . hfgsL dlGb/ nfO{ ldlynf b/ af/ sf ?kdf lnOG5 eg] hgsk'/ wfdd} / x s ] f] k|frLg / fd dlGb/ nfO{ cof] Wof b/ af/ sf ?kdf . hfgsL dlGb/ tyf / fd dlGb/ nfO{ ljjfxk~rdLsf nflu

ljz] if ?kdf l;+ufl/ G5 . hfgsL dlGb/ sf dxGy / fdtk] Zj/ bf; j} i0fjn] cfkm\g } 5f] / Lsf] ljjfx cfof] hgf ul/ / x s ] f] h: t } cfgGb cg'ej x'g ] u/ s ] f] / of] cg'ej kfpFbf uf} / jflGjt dx;'; ug] { u/ s ] f] atfpF5g\  . dxGy bf; lax] df ;Ltfsf] lktf cyf{t\ ldlynf g/ z ] lz/ Wjhsf] e"ldsfdf / Xg] ub{5g\  . otf / fd dlGb/ sf dxGy / fd lu/ L eg] cof] Wof g/ z ] bz/ ysf] e"ldsf lgjf{x ul/ / x s ] f x'G5g\, o;sf nflu pgn] s'g } s;/ afFsL / fVb} gg\ .

dxGy / fd eG5g\ … ;Ltfh: tf] a'xf/ L kfpg] ePkl5 xif{ ljef] / x'g' : jefljs} xf]  .Ú j} jflxs sfo{qmd x] g{ g]k fnsf ljleGg lhNnfsf ;fy} ef/ t;lxt cGo b]z af6 ;d] t nfvf} Fbz{gfyL{ hgsk'/ wfd cfpg] ub{5g\  . h;n] ubf{ hgsk'/ wfd e/ Le/ fp x'g ] ub{5 . q] tf o'udf / fd / hfgsLsf] ljjfx ePsf] : d/ 0fdf ;ftfJofkL ?kdf dgfO{g ] ljjfxk~rdLsf] klxnf] lbg gu/ bz{g ul/ G5 .

ldlynf

ljjfx dxf]T;j

h;df / fd nId0fsf] k|tLs : j¿k agfOPsf] / fd nId0fnfO{ hgsk'/ wfd gu/ bz{g u/ fOG5  . To;sf nflu q] tfo'usfnLg em–emNsf] lbg] kl/ l: ylt lgdf{0f ul/ G5 . eujfg\ / fd u'? jlzi7;Fu } hgsk'/ wfd k'u k] l5 ldlynfgLn] pgsf] : jfutdf ;d]t uLt ufpg] rng / x s ] f] 5 . d+undo lbg cfh' x], kfx"g 5ly cfon wg wg hfun efu x] dg sdn km'nfon d+undo lbg cfh' x], kfx"g 5ly cfon d+un3f6;F åfl/ ;hfcf] n, s~rg lbof afl/ xd nfcf] n ufFyn xf/ u'nfa] x] , lxgsf klx/ fcf] n d+undo lbg cfh' x] , kfx"g 5ly cfon== = = = = = = ljjfxk~rdL dxf] T;jsf] bf] ;f| ] cfsif{0f eg] sf] km"naf/ L lnnf xf]  . km"naf/ L lnnfdf / fd hfgsLsf] klxnf] e] 6 u/ fOG5  . / fd / ;Ltfsf] klxnf] e] 6 ef/ tsf] laxf/ / fHosf] km"nx/ df / x s ] f] lul/ hf: yfg k|fË0fdf / x s ] f] km"naf/ Ldf ePsf] / fdfo0fdf pNn] v 5 . of] ljlw hfgsL dlGb/ 5] psf] km"naf/ Ldf k|To] s

jif{ ul/ G5 . ;Ltf / fd;Fusf] klxnf] e] 6sf nflu ;fyL;Fu lul/ hf: yfg k'u s ] f] : d/ 0fdf ldlynfgL dlxnfn] ;vL km"n nf] 9P rn' km"njl/ of ;Ltfs ;Fu ;x] lnof sf] O{ a]n L km"n nf] 9P, rd] nL km"n nf] 9P sf] O{ nf] 9 n ] f rDkfs] slnof ;Ltfs ;Fu ;x] lnof

ss/ f ] a't ] wg'if glx 6'6P, cfa ;Ltf / xtL s'dfl/ = = = To;kl5 pQm wg'ifnfO{ / fdn] 6'qmf–6'qmf kf/ /] ;Ltf;Fu : jo+j/ / rfpg of] Uo ePsf] : d/ 0fdf wg'if o1 ljlw cfof]h g ul/ Psf] dflgG5 . q] tf o'udf wg'if o1 ljlwsf] cfof] hg / u+ e"ld d} bfg !@ lj3fd} ePsf] hgljZjf;sf sf/ 0f / u+ e"dL d} bfgd} ;DkGg ul/ G5 .

t] ;f| ] lbg wg'if o1 ljlw ul/ G5  . k/ z/' fdn] ldlynf g/ z ] hgsnfO{ lbPsf] eujfg\ lzjhLsf] lkgfs wg'ifnfO{ ;Ltfn] afofF xftn] p7fP/ lnkkf] t u/ s ] f] b] v /] hgsn] pQm wg'ifdf k|To+rf r9fpg ;Sg] jL/ k'?if;Fu } 5f] / Lsf] :jo+j/ ul/ lbg] k|lt1f u/ s ] f] To;sf nflu bh{gf} F / fHosf / fhf / fhs'df/åf/ f wg'if tf] 8g\ ] k|of; ul/ Psf] t/ wg'ifnfO{ tf] 8g\ ' t s] p7fpg g;s] kl5 d}l yn dlxnf uLt z'? ul5{g\ Pslbg ;Ltf dlGb/ lgkn, wg'if n] nlGx p7fO{ ;Px b]l v hgshL ;f] rly, ;Ltfs] s/ s ljjfx b] z–b] zs d'lg;e cfPn, wg'if 5'la–5'la hfO{

dxf] T;jsf] rf} yf] lbg / fd dlGb/ k|fË0fdf xhf/ f +} bz{gfyL{sf] eL8sf aLr ltnsf] T;j ljlw ul/G5 . ltnsf]T ;jdf hfgsL dlGb/ af6 dxGy / fd tk] Zj/ bf; j} i0fjsf] g] tT[ jdf ! ;o ! kfx'/ / fd dlGb/ df k7fOG5 . hxfF / fd dlGb/ sf dxGy / k"hf/ Ln] ;–;Ddfg : jfut ub{5g\ . kfx'/ lnP/ k'u s ] f dlGb/ sf dxGy bf; / / fd dlGb/ sf dxGy / lu/ L aLr c+sdfn -;dlw ldnfg_ ;d]t ul/G5 . ltnsf]T ;jdf ;xefuL dlxnf / fdhfgsLsf] lax]s f uLt ufpF5g\ eg] xfF:o kl/ xf;sf] jftfj/ 0f lgdf{0f x'G5 hfgsL dlGb/ sf k"hf/ L Clifs] z emf atfpF5g\ .

h;/ L ldlynfdf ;dwLnfO{ ljleGg lsl;dsf] a}U + o, s6fIf / ufnL ul/ G5 To;/ L g} dlGb/ df ;d] t b'a } kIfaf6 ufnL;lxt x: ;L 76\6f ul/ G5 . dxGy / fd lu/ Lsf cg';f/ ;DwL ldnfg sfo{qmddf hfgsL dlGb/ sf dxGy, pQ/ flwsf/ L dxGy, k"hf/ Lx¿ ;xefuL x'g ] ub{5g\ eg] / fd dlGb/ af6 dxGy, u'7L ;+: yfgsf k|ltlglw tyf : yfgLo o'jf Snasf k|ltlglw ;xefuL x'G5g\ .

rn' ;vL afaf kf]v/L cfh' l;ofhLs] xf]O5lGx d6sf]/ x] sf]O ;vL c+s/' L afF6,] sf]O ;vL t]n afF6] sf]O ;vL l;Gb'/ afF6] x], l;ofhLs] xf]O5lGx d6sf]/ x]= = =

ljjfxk~rdLsf] ;ftf} cyf{t\ clGtd lbg cof] Wofaf6 hGtLsf ?kdf cfPsf ;fw' ;GtnfO{ ef] hg u/ fpFb } ljbfO{ ul/ G5  . h;nfO{ / fdsn] jf ljlw elgG5 . vL/ s ] cgfb/ glx sl/ of} of} / 3j' / vL/ s ] cgfb/ glx sl/ of} ljjfxk~rdLsf] 5} 7f} lbg cyf{t\ k|dv ' lbg vL/ f s ] ] pk/ d ] / fvn cl5 a/ kmL P] ltxfl;s / u+ e"dL d} bfgdf : jo+j/ ljlw ;DkGg sf] xj/ d ] ldnt c;kmL{ of} b'nxf== = vL/ s ] cgfb/ glx sl/ of} ;lxtsf / fdsn] jf x'G5 eg] ;f] xL / ftL k|l;4 hfgsL dlGb/ sf] lynL uLt ufOG5 . dxf] T;jsf] kfFrf} lbg d6sf] / ljlw x'G5 . k|fu+0fdf agfOPsf] d08kdf j} lbs k/ Dk/ f cg';f/ ljlwsf] em–emNsf] lbOg] d} o; ljlwdf hfgsLsf] d6sf] / sf nflu ldlynfsf j} jflxs sfo{qmd ;DkGg x'g ] u5{ . pQm ljlw x] g{ hfgsL dlGb/ sf] k|fË0fdf xhf/ f F} dlxnfn] hgsk'/ wfds} kljq ;/ f j] / u+uf;fu/ af6 ' f : jo+j/sf nflu / fd dlGb/ / hfgsL dlGb/ sf] bzgfyL{sf] le8 nfU5 . / fd sn] jf ljlwdf a] xn ;fFem ldlynfsf] k/ Dk/ f cg';f/ ljleGg d} lynf 8f] nf / u+ e"dL d} bfg k'Ug] ub{5 . To;kl5 ToxfF kIfaf6 hGtL ag] / cfPsfx¿nfO{ ljleGg k|sf/ sf] uLt ufpFb } df6f] vg] / hfgsL dlGb/ Nofpg] / fd / ;Ltfsf] : jo+ j/ ul/ G5  . : jo+ j/ kl5 b'a } xf: oJoËo ub} { d} lyn kDk/ f cg';f/ kl/ sf/ n] ub{5g\ . ToxL df6f]a f6 ljjfxsf nflu j]b L tof/ dlGb/ sf] 8f] nf hgsk'/ wfd kl/ qmdf ub} { hfgsL ;';lHht ef] hg u/ fOG5 . dlGb/ sf k"hf/ L tyf ul/ G5 . o; ljlwdf cof] Wofaf6 cfPsf hGtL dlGb/ k'U5 hxfF / ftL j} jflxs sfo{qmd x'g ] u5{ . ldlynfsf gf/ L uLts} dfWodn] ufnL u5{g  \. ;d] t ;xefuL x'g ] ub{5g\ . / fte/ rNg] j} jflxs sfo{qmddf d} lyn dlxnf h;n] cbe"t jftfj/ 0f lgdf{0f u5{ . To;kl5 hGtLnfO{ ;–;Ddfg blIf0ff, j: q / uLt ufpF5g\ . pkxf/ k|bfg ub} { labfO{ ul/ G5 . o;;Fu } ldlynfdf w'dwfd;fy ;ft lbj;Lo ljjfxk~rdL dxf]T ;j ;DkGg x'g ] ub{5 .

ljjfxk~rdLsf emfFsLx?

k':ts

lk|o % k': ts ;'zLnf sfsL{

lhGbuL cfkm} +df Pp6f ljZjljBfno xf]   . ef] ufO{x¿, a'emfO{x¿, sd{x¿ k': tssf ljifo x'g\ . 56

kfnsL k|yd dlxnf k|wfgGofofwLz ;'zLnf sfsL{ xSsL : jefjsL l5g\ . : jR5 5lj agfPsL pgL k|efjzfnL JolQm x'g \ . ;/ n hLjg / pRr ljrf/ sL pbfx/ 0f ag] sL sfsL{sf] hLjgsyf k| /] 0ffbfoL 5 . Gofo ;] jfaf6 cjsfzkl5 pgL sf7df8f}d +f a;] / cWoog, n] vg / ;fdflhs ultljlwdf ;lqmo l5g\ . pgsf] cfTdj[tfGt … GofoÚ kf7sdfem cfPsf] 5  . To: t } pgsf] klxnf] pkGof; … sf/ fÚ klg k|sflzt e} ;Sof]   . cfTdsyfdf Gofo ;] jfdf nfUbfsf cf/ f x] –cj/ f x] sf] lrq 5  . To;} u/ L … sf/ fÚ pkGof;df ljz] iftM dlxnf s} bLn] ef] u s ] f aGwgsf syf plwlgPsf] 5 . pkGof;df lg/ s + z ' zf;g Joj: yflj?4 hgcfGbf] ng ;'? x'bF fsf] syf 5 h'g pgn] lj;+ @)$^ ;fntfs} n] v s ] L lyOg\  . nf] stflGqs cfGbf] ngdf h] ndf a: bf / Gofo ;] jfdf nfUbf b] v s ] f, ef] u s ] f / ;'g s ] f kfqaf6 k| l] / t eP/ pkGof; n] v s ] L  . pgL ;fg} b l] v n] vk9df ?lr / flVyg\ . pgsf lktfhL cWoogzLn lyP . ltgn] NofPsf lstfa n'sLn'sL k9\lyg\ . … lktfhL sf] ;s { f lstfa k9\g 5f8] / pkGof; lsg k9] sf] eGg'xG' Yof] Ú , pgL ;lDemlG5g\, … pxfFsf] cfFvf 5n] / k9\Yof}  + .Ú ltgtfsf pgsf cfkmGtx¿ / l;ofnL pkGof; k9\y  ] . pgLx¿;Fu dfu] / k9\lyg\ pgL  . P;Pn;Lkl5 pgn] w] / } lstfa kl9g\ . pkGof; / cfTdsyfsf w] / } k': ts k9] sL l5g\ . jsfnt ubf{ klg k':t s kl9g\ t/ GofofwLz e} ;s] kl5 k] zfut ljifoeGbf aflx/ sf k': ts k9\g km';b{ kfOgg\ .

cr] n pgL sfg"g;Fu } dlxnf, jftfj/ 0f, ;flxTo / / fhgLltsf ljifodf cWoog ug{ ?rfpFl5g\ . pgL laxfgsf] vfgf vfPkl5 dWofGx !@ ah]b l] v ck/ fGx $ ah] ;Dd k': ts tyf klqsf k9\l5g\ . b'O–{ tLg lbgd} lstfa kl9;Sg] pgsf] afgL 5 . … k9] sf sltko ljifodf >Ldfg\;uF 5nkmn u5'Ú{ , pgL elG5g\, … n v ] n] Vg klg t cWoog / 5nkmn h?/ L x'G5  .Ú lhGbuL cfkm}d + f Pp6f ljZjljBfno xf]  . pgsf ef] ufO, a'emfO / sd{x¿ k':t ssf ljifo x'g \ . … eljiodf Gofo If] q / ;flxTosf k': ts n] Vg] 5'Ú , pgL elG5g\, … d;Fu n] Vg] ljifoj: t' y'k }| 5g\  .Ú n] vk9d} pgsf] lbg laT5 . ;dfhnfO{ ;Tsd{df nfUg k| l] / t ug] {vfnsf n] v tyf k': ts n] Vg rfxlG5g\ pgL . pgnfO{ hLjg;fyL b'uf{ ;'j b] Ln] ;3fpFb } cfPsf 5g\ . ;'jb ] L k|hftflGqs of] 4f x'g\ h;n] k~rfotL zf;glj?4 ljkL sf] O/ fnfsf] g] tT[ jdf g] kfnL sfFu ; ]| n] u/ s ] f] ;z: q ;+3if{nfO{ ;xof] u k'¥ofpg g] kfn / fi6« a}s + sf] #) nfv ef/ tLo ?k} ofF n'6g\ j;Gt e§/ fO{ / gu]G b| 9'u+ n ] ;Fu ldn]/ lj;+ @)#) ;fndf tTsfnLg zfxL g] kfn jfo' ;]j f lgudsf] ljdfg ckx/ 0f u/ s ] f lyP . To;afkt sl/ a !) jif{ nfdf] k|jf; a;fO / b'O{ jif{ ef/ tLo h] n hLjg latfPsf ;'j b] L tTsfnLg dfcf] jfbL / ;/ sf/ aLr zflGt–;+jfb u/ fpg] ;"qfwf/ ;d] t x'g \ . pgsf] cfTdsyf … ljdfg ljb|f x] Ú k|sflzt 5 . sfsL{n ] hLjgdf w] / } lstfa kl9\g . tLdWo] pgnfO{ k|efj kf/ s ] f % k': tssf] oxfF rrf{ ul/ Psf] 5 .

!= lz/ Lifsf] km"n k f l / h f t s f ] ljZjk|l;4 pkGof; … lz/ Lifsf] km"nÚ d} n ] tLg k6s k9] sL 5' . hlt k9] klg k9"kF 9"F nfU5 . pkGof;sf] syf / kfqn] dg 5'G5g\  . o;df km/ s kl/ j z ] sf km/ s b'O{ kfqaLrsf] k| d] syf 5 . pgLx¿sf] dgf] lj1fgn] tfG5 . dnfO{ w] / s } f] dg 5'g ] … lz/ Lifsf] km"nÚ h: t} lstfa n] Vg kfP x'GYof] eGg] nfU5 .

#= dfcf] sf] hLjgL dnfO{ lrlgofF ; f + : s [ l t s qmflGtsf gfos dfcf] T ;] t ' ª sf] hLjgL uha nfUof]   . pgsf lghL lrlsT;s 8f= ln lem;'On { ] nv] sf] … lb k|fOe] 6 nfOkm ckm r] o/ Dofg dfcf] Ú k': tsdf dfcf] sf] hLjg syf 5 . dfcf] sqf] ;fx;L Û Pp6f gbLdf xhf/ f +} dfG5] lnP/ xfDkmfN5g\ / t} l/ G5g\ klg  . ;fx;sf] b: tfj] h ag] sf] 5 of] k': ts  .

@= lb u'8 cy{ kn{ P; assf] $= cf] afdfsf] hLjgL cd] l/ sfsf k"j{ pkGof; … lb u'8 / fi6«klt af/ fs cy{Ú n] rLgsf] k'/ fgf] cf] afdfsf] hLjg ;dfhsf] hfgsf/ L k| /] 0ffbfoL 5  . u/ fpF5  . o;df pgsf] cfTdsyf ul/ a ls;fgsf] syf … b cf]8 l] ;6L ckm 5 . pgLx¿ slt cefjdf afFr s ] f x'G5g\ eg] xf] kÚ df ;+3i{ fsf] lax] sf] lbg g'xfpg nfUbf afa' eG5, … w /] } kfgL dfnf plgPsf] vr{ gu/ , ;lsPnf .Ú klxnf pgLx¿ ul/ aLn] 5 . cd]l / sL cfdf / clk|msL afa'sf 5f] / f 5f] / f5f] / L g} a] R5g\  . kl5 pgLx¿ Psbd} wgL cf] afdf . pgL hGd] kl5 afa' s] Gof kmls{G5g\  . ag] sf] syf 5 pkGof;df .

lgeL{s of] 4f lgeL{s dfG5] sf] dgdf dfq zflGt x'G5 . To: t} lgeL{s of] 4f x'g–\ b'uf{ ;'j b] L . pgL ljz] iftM / fhg} lts ljifo n] vk9 ug{ ?rfpF5g\ . pgsf] k': ts … ljdfg ljb|f x] Ú nf] slk|o 5  . pgL x/ s ] a] ns ' L s] xL g s] xL n] V5g\  . g] tfx¿n] Gofok"0f{ ;dtfd"ns ;dfh agfpg] s'/ f u/ s ] f] b;sf} + e} ;Sof]   . t/ cfh;Dd To: tf] ;dfh aGg ;s] g . … dfG5] nfO{ s] n ] a] Odfg agfof] Ú , ;'j b] L eG5g\, … of] ljifodf d lstfa n] Vg] 5 ' .Ú

… sf/ fÚ pkGof;df lg/ +s'z zf;g Joj: yflj?4 hgcfGbf] ng ;'? x'Fbfsf] syf 5 h'g pgn] lj;+ @)$^ ;fntfs} n] v] sL lyOg\ . nf] stflGqs cfGbf] ngdf h] ndf a: bf / Gofo ;] jfdf nfUbf b] v] sf, ef] u] sf / ;'g] sf kfqaf6 k|] l/ t eP/ pkGof; n] v] sL  .

pgsL cfdfn] cs}; { uF lax] ul5{g  \ . af/ fs ltg} ;uF a: g yfN5g\  . kl5 cd]l / sf kms{G5g\ / xh'/ cfdfsf] df a: 5g\  . k} ;f geP/ ^ dlxgf;Dd ;'k dfq vfP/ a: 5g\ . k': tsdf b'Mv} b'Mvsf syf 5g\  . lgs} ;+3i{ fk"0f{ hLjg afFr s ] f 5g\ pgL . %= emf] nf s[i0f w/ fjf;Lsf] k': ts … emf] nfÚ Hofb} dfld{s s[lt xf]   . o;n] tTsfnLg g] kfnsf] cj: yf emNsfpF5 . ;tL k|yfdf c f w f l / t syf k9\bf 8/ nfUof]   . oxL syfdf cfwfl/ t eP/ rnlrq … emf] nfÚ agfOof]  . t/ , ddf rnlrq x] g{ hfg] cfF6 cfPg .

Oltxf;

rf]l/Psf d"lt{sf] syf cflwsl/s j[tfGt M …:6f]ng Od]hh ] ckm g]kfnÚ l ;g\

!(*@ df w'lnv] nsf] af] 6f] 6f] naf6 afXf} + ztfAbLdf ag] sf] pdfdx] Zj/ sf] d"lt{ x/ fof]   . x/ fPsf] # aif{kl5 Tof] d"lt{ hd{gsf] aln{g zx/ sf] Ps ;+ux| fnodf e] l6Pkl5 dfq} d"lt{sf] cflwsfl/ stf k'i6L eof]  . aln{gsf Ps cf6{ l8n/ n] pQm d"lt{ ! s/ f 8] ?k}o + fFdf ;+ux| fnonfO{ laqmL u/ s ] f] ;"rgf kl5 dfq ;fj{hlgs ePsf] lyof]  . pQm d"lt{nfO{ clxn] kf6g ;+uf| nosf] bf] ;f| ] tnfdf / flvPsf] 5 . l kf6gsf] gf/ fo0f dlGb/ af6 #% aif{cl3 rf] l/ Psf] k'/ ftflTjs dxTjsf] … af;'b j] –sdnfhf d"lt{Ú ut gf]eD] j/ dlxgfotf cd] l/ sfsf] 6] S;f; / fHol: yt 8Nnf; Do'lhod ckm cf6{df k|bz{gLdf / flvPsf] 5 . ;g\ !(*( df k|sflzt n} gl;+x jfªb] nsf] … : 6f] ng Od] h h ] ckm g] kfnÚ -k[i7 @$*_df ;d] t pNn] v ePsf] of] d"lt{ ;g\ !(*$ df rf] l/ Psf] hgfOPsf] 5 . of] d"lt{df … Pp6} cfs[ltdf b] a t]| km{ lai0f'-gf/ fo0f_ / bfofFkl§ cw{nIdLsf] cfs[lt 5 . l rfFug ' f/f o0f dlGb/ kl/ ;/ af6} )#! ;fndf 9nf} 6sf] s[i0fsf] d"lt{ x/ fof]   . km] l/ )## ;fndf klg lsn] Zj/ dxfb]j sf] & ;o (@ tf] nf rfFbLsf] d"lt{

;g\ !(*& h'g dlxgfdf d[u:ynLaf6 rf]l/Psf rt'{d'vL lzjlnË . of] kfFrf} ztfAbLdf ag]sf] d"lt{ xf] .

rf] l/ of]  . t/ , $) aif{ lalt;Sbf klg tL d"lt{ ge] l6Pkl5 clxn] To;sf] k|ltlnkL agfP/ dlGb/ df / flvPsf] 5 . l dWok'/ lyld gu/ kflnsf–$, lbu'6f] naf6 )&@ k'; @ ut] / flt !& cf} +ztfAbLsf] P] ltxfl;s lbu' e} / j dlGb/ sf] d"lt{ rf] / L eof]   . d"n b] jtfsf] ¿kdf k'lhFb } cfPsf] lbu' e} / j cyf{t\ k|r08 e} / j dlGb/ sf] ;'gsf] hnk nufPsf] wft'sf] d"lt{ rf] / L ePsf] $ jif{;Dd klg km] nf k/ s ] f] 5} g  . afns'df/ L hfqf ;+rfngdf clgjfo{ / x s ] f] lbu' e} / j dlGb/ sf] d"lt{ k|ltlnkL agfP/ hfqf ;~rfng ul/ b 5 }  . l ;g\ !(*% clk|ndf kf6gsf] s'De] Zj/ d'lGtafxL r} Toaf6 5} 6f} + ztfAbLdf ag] sf] … al;/ x s ] f a'4Ú sf] d"lt{ rf] / L ePsf] lyof] . l ;g\ !)*# df ag]s f] ;"o{ eujfgsf] d"lt{ kf6gsf] ;f} unaf6 ;g\ !(*% df x/ fPsf] lyof] . l nlntk'/ sf] 6Ëfnlx6Laf6 ;g\ !(*) df x/ fPsf] pdfdx] Zj/ sf] d"lt{ / sf7df8f}, + o6\vfaf6 ;g\ !(*^ df x/ fPsf] : yfgs a'4sf] d"lt{ ;g\ @)!* sf] cGTodf dfq} g] kfn kmsf{pg] sfd eof] , kmsf{OPsf d"lt{x¿ 5fpgL ;+ux| fnodf / flvPsf] 5  .

rf]l/Pkl5 agfOPsf] k|lt?k d"lt{ . of] kgf}ltsf] … Do'lhod ckm : 6f] ng cf6{Ú df x]g{ kfOg]5 .

t s] xL pbfx/ 0f dfq} x'g \ . g] kfnaf6 P] ltxfl;s / ;Dkbf d"Nosf s] –slt d"lt{x¿ x/ fPsf 5g\ eGg] tYofª\s :jo+ g] kfn ;/ sf/ , ;+: sl[ t dGqfno jf k'/ ftTj ljefu;Fu klg / x s ] f] 5} g . a? sxL+st} aflx/ L ljZjdf snf jf d"lt{ k|bz{gL qmddf … g k] fnaf6 nluPsf] Ú eGg] lsl;dsf] ;"rgf r'lxof] eg] dfq k'/ ftTj ljefun] cfkm\gf] d"lt{sf] xsbfjL ug] { u/ s ] f] 5, lagf cfwf/ / vf] hlag\ . a? o;/ L x/ fO/ x s ] f d"lt{x¿sf] ;g\ !(*( ;Ddsf] clen] v ag] / cfPsf] n} gl;+x jfªb] nsf] ] ckm g] kfnÚ eg] : jo+ s[lt … : 6f] ng Od] h h ;/ sf/ sf nflu klg Oltxf; / clen] v h'wfpg] cfwf/ k': ts ag] sf] 5 . tTsflng g] kfn / fhsLo k|1f k|lti7fgaf6 lg: s s ] f] k': tsdf dfq} laz] iftM sf7df8f} + pkTosfleqaf6 rf] l/ Psf @ ;oeGbf a9L ax'dN' o 9'Ëfd"lt{ / cfs[ltsf] ljj/ 0f ptfl/ Psf] 5 . oxL s[ltsf] ;f] w / k|fdfl0fs cg';Gwfg cg';f/ , k': ts lglSnPsf] # bzssf] cjlwdf em08} %) hlt s[lt lkmtf{ e} ;s] sf 5g\  . k': tssf] e"ldsfdf : jo+ ;f] wstf{ n] vs n} gl;+xn] eg] sf 5g\—… of] k': tsdf pNn] v ePsf sltko ;Dkbf s'g } lbg aflx/ ljZjsf]

;+ux| fnodf cyjf df]n a9fa9 laqmLdf b] vf kg{ ;Sg] 5g\ . cyjf, sxL+st} klg ge] l6g klg ;S5 . t/ , of] cd'No ;DklQnfO{ o;/ L cfkm"vz ' L st} n} hfg jf rf] / Lsf] ;DklQ agfpg o'g :] sf] sfg"gn] klg lbPsf] 5} g, of] Vofn / fVg'kg]{ s'/ f xf]  .Ú ;g\ !(&) df cg'df] lbt u} / sfg"gL ?kn] ;f+: sl[ ts ;DklQ cfoftlgof{tdf k|ltaGw nufpg] af/ s ] f] cle;GwL cfwf/ df klg klxrfgo'Qm d'tL{nfO{ ljb] zsf s'g } s'gfaf6 klg 3/ kmsf{pg ;lsg] 5 . k'/ ftTj ljefusf lgldQ dxflgb]z { s bfdf] b/ uf} tdn] g] kfnaf6 rf] l/ Psf s'g } klg snfs[ltsf] cflwsfl/ tf k'i6L x'gf;fy} OG6/ kf] ndfkm{t of] ;Dkbf kmsf{pg kxn ;'? ug{ ;lsg] atfpF5g\ . t/ , g] kfnaf6 clxn]; Dd slt d"lt{ rf] l/ P jf slt lkmtf{ eP eGg] olsg tYof+s lbg d'lZsn / x s ] f] uf} td atfpF5g\ . ;Dkbfljb\ / ljGb| k'/ Ln] jfªb] nsf] … : 6f] ng Od] h h ] ckm g] kfnÚ s[lts} cfwf/ df %) j6f k|ltlglwd"ns d"lt{x¿sf] … l/ lKnsfÚ agfP/ … Do'lhod ckm : 6f] ng cf6{Ú : yfkgf ug] { cleofgnfO{ clGtd r/ 0fdf k'¥ofPsf 5g\ . kgf}t Ldf lgdf{0flwg ;+ux| fnodf / fVg #* j6f d"lt{x¿ agfO;lsPsf] 5 .

sf];]nL

lh/Lsf] pkxf/ g]kfnsf] :jLh/Nof08 pkdf kfPsf] lh/L 3'd]/ kms{+bf lrh, 5'lk{, lrof / sfi7snf pkxf/ Nofpg] rng 5 . kl5Nnf] ;do ;'ifdf xofl08qmfkm\6\;sf pTkfbg lh/Lsf] gofF klxrfg aGb}5 .

/ l} t/ xl/ of 8fF8fsf] aLrdf pQ/ –blIf0f km} n s ] f] / k"j–{ klZrd ;fF3/' f ] Pp6f pkTosf  . lh/ L cyf{t\ xl/ t gu/ L  . ;/ sf/ n ] bf] nvfsf rf/ uflj;x¿ dfnL, 7"nf] kftn, Zofdf / lh/ LnfO{ ldnfP/ lh/ L gu/ kflnsf agfPsf] xf]   . hftLo lx;fan] klg ;'Gb/ km"naf/ L–lh/ L  . lh/ n ] ;d'bfosf] cflbd ynf]   . gu/ If] qdf lh/ n ] afx] s z] kf{, ;'gj' f/ , ljZjsdf{, tfdfª, g] jf/ , If] qL, afx'g cflbsf] a;f]a f; 5 . … g k] fnsf] : jLh/ Nof08Ú / … ;u/ dfyfsf] k|jz ] åf/ Ú sf ?kdf lh/ L pkTosf rlr{t 5 . ;u/ dfyfdf klxnf] dfgj kfOnf 6] Sg ;/ P8dG8 lxnf/ L / t] lGhª gf] u {] z] kf{sf] ;d"xn] lh/ Ls} af6f] k|of] u u/ s ] f] lyof]   . ;u/ dfyf kbofqf / cf/ f x] 0fdf hfg] x¿n] nfdf] ;do;Dd lh/ Ls} af6f] k|of] u u/  ] . t/ , ha n'Snfdf ljdfg: yn aGof] tab] lv kbofqL / kj{tf/ f x] Lx¿ n'Snfaf6 hfg yfn] sf x'g \ . : jLh/ Nof08sf] h'l/ r / lh/ Lsf] e'uf] n Pj+ xfjfkfgL ldNbf] hN' bf] ePsfn] lh/ LnfO{ g] kfnsf] l: jh/ Nof08 elgPsf]   . lh/ Lsf] ljsf;df : jL; e"ue{ljb\ 6f] gL x] ugsf] 7"nf] of] ubfg 5  . pgs} kxndf : jL; ;/ sf/ n ] lh/ Laf6} g] kfnsf] ;xof] udf xft a9fPsf] lyof]  . lh/ L ahf/ ;] / f k] m] / f d] f lh/ Z] j/ , 9'uF Z] j/ L, / fª/ fª] Zj/ L / b] jLsf dlGb/ 5g\  . 8] 9b] lv tLg lsld b'/ Ldf 5g\ oL dlGb/  . csf] {kljq uGtJo– xn] ;Lwfd . ahf/ af6 k"j{ !@ lsld b"/L sf] dfnLdf u'kmfleq a;] sf 5g\ dxfb]j  . ahf/ d } 5 %! lkm6 cUnf] 5f] tg {]  . To;eGbf dfl: t/ u'? kB;+ejsf] d"lt{  . To;sf] lz/ fgsf] ;fdflhs ;] jf s] Gb|df a'4sf d"lt{ 5g\  . ahf/ af6 Ps 3G6f kbofqfdf s'G;fn yf] bf]l { nª u'Daf

k'luG5 hxfF cfgL / nfdf k9fO{ x'G5 . lh/ L ahf/ af6 tLg 3G6f psfnf] r9] df Rof]b {f] ª lrh sf/ vfgf k'luG5 . ToxfF j}z fvb] lv sflQs;Dd lrh agfOG5 . lh/ L If] qsf] csf] { ;Dkbf Rof] bf]ª { 8fF8f -#,^() ld6/ _ xf]  . ToxfF dxfb]j bz{g;Fu } / f N] jflnª, g'Da'/ / nfª6fª lxdfnsf] nfdf] ns{g b] lvG5 . ahf/ af6 ^ 3G6f lxF8 d] f 8fF8fsf] dlGb/ df k'luG5 . ahf/ af6 klZrddf lrxfg 8fF8f 5 . ToxfFaf6 ahf/ sf] b[Zo ;'Gb/ b] lvG5 . ToxL lrxfg 8fF8f glhs} a'4 kfs{ 5 . To: t } lh/ Lsf l;qmL, on'ª / 7"nf] kftn cfsif{s ufpF x'g \ . ahf/ ;Fu } ufO{ kmf/ d, k|fljlws lzIffno, c: ktfn nufot ;Dkbf 5g\ . lh/ L If] qsf] nf} tL em/ gf nf] enfUbf] 5 . nf}t L If] qdf lrof aufg, / G] af] 6«fp6 kmfd{ klg 5g\ . lh/ Ldf ko{6sLo ;'ljwfsf bh{g eGbf a9L ;+Vofdf xf] 6n 5g\ . kbdrfnsf] / S;L, 5\ofª, tf] ªaf / ;'s6' Lsf nflu lh/ L k|Voft 5 . lh/ L 3'd /] kms{b+ f lrh, 5'lk{, 8Nn] v';f{gL, lrof, lsjL / sfi7snf pkxf/ Nofpg] rng 5 . lh/ L ahf/ df oL sf] ; n ] L lsGg kfOG5 . kl5Nnf] ;do z'ifdf xofl08qmfkm\6; \ sf pTkfbg lh/ Lsf] gofF klxrfg ag] sf] 5 . pBdL z'ifdf >] i7n] g] kfnL sfuhaf6 agfPsf 8fo/ L, g] sn] ;, km"nbfgL, 6f] kL, emf] nf,

k;{nufot ;fdfg cfsif{s 5g\ . ltgsf] df] n &% ?k} ofFb l] v xhf/ ?k} ofF;Dd k5{  . >] i7n] lj;+ @)^* b]l v x: tsnfsf ;fdfg pTkfbg ub} {cfPsL x'g \ . ;do;Fu } pgL o'jfx¿sf nflu k| /] 0ffsf] >f] t ag] sL l5g\  . lh/ Ldf k|sl[ tsf OGb| 0] fL / u+ x¿ dfq xf] Og, wfld{s cf: yfsf b] jnx¿ klg k|z: t } 5g\  . ;fydf cfw'lgs xf] 6n÷/ i] 6'/F f klg  . k| l] dn jftfj/ 0f kfOg] lh/ L pkTosfnfO{ … xlgd'g l;6LÚ sf ?kdf a|fl08ª ug{ ;lsG5 . o;/ L ;du| lh/ Lsf] l/ af| l08ª ug{ lnnf/ fd v8\sf g] tT[ jsf] ko{6g k|j4{g d~r lqmofzLn 5 . s;/ L k'Ug] M sf7df8f}– + nfdf] ;fF3–' lh/ L !** lsld  . sf7df8f}– + v'sf]6 { –dGynL–lh/ L @!# lsld ofqf, lhkdf * 3G6f . sf7df8f}s + f] sf] 6 Z] j/ af6 lhk / k'/ fgf] a;kfs{af6 a; tyf dfOqmf] a; 5'65 \ g\ . ;Dks{M ;'ifdf xofl08qmfkm\6; \ lh/ L, bf] nvf, kmf]g M (*$$))@#&!

;+u|xfno

k|fs[lts Oltxf; o''

g]:sf] ljZj ;Dkbfdf ;"lrs[t :jo+eg' fy r} Tosf] sfvdf …k|fs[lts Oltxf; ;+ux| fnoÚ ;~rflnt 5 . lj;+ @)#@ df vf]lnPsf] ;+ux| fnon] g]kfnsf] k|fs[lts Oltxf;sf] hfgsf/L lbG5 . o;df g]kfnsf j:klt, r§fg, hLjhGt'nufot xhf/f}+ gd'gf ;+ul| xt 5g\ . ;+ux| fno lqe'jg ljZjljBfno dftxt ;~rflnt 5 . o;df /flvPsf k'tnL, r/f, ls/f, efn', df5f, uf]xL, af3 cflbsf gd'gf em§ x]bf{ lhljt} h:tf b]l] vG5g\ . Pp6f 3/sf] e'OtF nfdf xhf/f}+ ;fdfg ;hfOPsf] 5 . o;/L x]bf{ ;+ux| fno ;fF3/' f] ePsf] b]lvG5 . ;+ux| fnon] g]kfndf ;+s6fkGg jGohGt' tyf jg:kltsf] Jofkf/ ;DalGw cGt/fli6«o dxf;lGw …;fOl6;Úsf ljifodf a]nfa]nfdf tflnd tyf

sfo{qmd ;~rfng ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . ;+ux| fnodf ljz]iftM ljBfyL{ / ko{6s e|d0f u5{g . ;+ux| fno laxfg !) ah]bl] v ck/fGx % ah];Dd v'N5 . ;+ux| fno k|jz ] sf nflu g]kfnLn] rfln; ?k}ofFsf] l6s6 sf6\g' k5{ . ;Dks{M k|fs[lts Oltxf; ;+ux| fno :jo+e,' sf7df8f},+ kmf]g M )!$@&!*((

uGtJo

tfªltª

kf] v/ f glhs} sf] tfªltª ufpF u|fdL0f ko{6gsf] gd'gf uGtJo xf]  . ufpFsf !$ 3/ df xf] d: 6 ] ;'ljwf 5 eg] % j6f xf] 6n ;~rfngdf 5g\  . xf] d: 6 s ] f] Ps xhf/ ?k} ofFsf] Kofs] hdf j] nsd l6, ss6] n l8g/ , a] 8, a| s ] kmf: 6 / nGr ;'ljwf kfOG5 .

Ggk"0f{ lxdfnsf] pHofnf] df emndNn Pp6f ufpF . dfbL ufpFkflnsf–@ sf: sLdf cjl: yt tfªltª -!,^^% ld6/ _af6 cGgk"0f{ rf} yf] , cGgk"0f{ bf] ;f| ] / ndh'ª lxdfn 5n{u+ b] lvG5 . tfªltªsf] kfl/ kl§ l;Sn] ; ufpFsf] lz/ fgLdf lxdfn d':s /' fpF5g\ . tfªltªaf6 Tof] b[Zokfg ubf{ cflTds cfgGb ldN5 . tfªltª ufpFsf] ;] / f k] m] / f d] f kmGb| 8fF8f, sfpF kfvf, afh] a} u,' sf] Orf] , knfrL 8fF8f, kmf] nfd|f] / gf} r' 8fF8f 5g\ . 8fF8faf6 k|sl[ t, ;+: sl[ t / u'?ª hLjgz} nL lgofNg kfOG5 . tfªltªsf ljifodf s] xL lsFjbGtLx¿ 5g\ . u'?ª efiffdf tfªltª ufpFnfO{ … tf] gL gf;fÚ elgG5  . … tf]p + Ú eg] sf] … / dfOnf] Ú / … gf;fÚ eg] sf] … ufpFÚ  . o;/ L tfªltª / dfOnf] ufpF xf]  . rfFlb em} +6nSs 6lNsg] lxdfn / km/ fl;nf ufpFn s ] f sf/ 0f tfªltª ;w} +/ dfOnf] x'G5 . csf] {lsj+bGtL cg';f/ u'?ª efiffdf … tf]Ú + eg] sf] … abF n ] Ú / … gLÚ eg] sf] … n8\g Ú] xf]   . k/ fk"j{ sfndf xfn tfªltª ufpF ePsf] 7fpFdf 3gf hª\un lyof] hxfF aFb n ] n8\y  ] . o;/ L aFb n ] emu8f v] Ng] 7fpFnfO{ … tf] lgÚ elgof]   . sfnfGt/ df tf] gLaf6 cke|z + eP/ tfªltª aGof]  . u'?ª efiff, snf, ;+: sl[ t, k/ Dk/ f, / xg;xgsf lx;fan] tfªltª v'nf ;+ux| fno

xf]  . lxdfn h: t } pHofnf / cfTdLo 5g\ ufpFn  ] . u'?ª / blnt ;d'bfosf] ;femf km"naf/ L tfªltªdf @)) 3/ w'/ L 5g\ . ufpFsf 3/ df 9'ªu\ f / l6gsf] 5fgf lrl6Ss b] lvG5g\ . ufpFn s ] f] d'Vo k] zf, kz'kfng, s[lif, j} b l] zs / f h ] uf/ / ko{6g Joj;fo xf]  . ufpFdf lxdfno ldng dfWolds ljBfno, : jf: Yo rf}s L, j8f sfof{no, ;+/ If0f If] q Joj: yfkg pk;ldlt / cGo ;/ sf/ L tyf u} / ;/ sf/ L sfof{no 5g\  . tfªltª If] qdf 3'Dg nfos w] / } 7fpF 5g\ . ufpFaf6 $) ldg] 6 psfnf] r9] gf} r' 8fF8f -@,))) ld6/ _ k'luG5 . gf} r' k|fs[lts Eo" 6fj/ xf]  . ToxfFaf6 ufpF, lxdfn / lxpFklx/ f ] x] g{ ;lsG5 . cGgk"0f{ / ndh'ª lxdfndf lxpF klx/ f s ] f] b[Zo cgf} 7f] nfU5 . 8fF8fdf SoflDkª, of] u cEof; / jgef] h ug{ ;lsG5 . csf] {k|fs[lts Eo" 6fj/ xf] –k'nf] Sjf 8fF8f . ufpFaf6 !% ldg] 6 psfnf] r9] k'luG5 . ToxfFaf6 lxdfnL b[Zo / tfªltª ufpF cjnf] sg ug{ ;lsG5 . To: t } kmGb|f ] 8fF8f k'Ug tfªltªb] lv pQ/ k"jd{ f $) ldg]6 xfOlsª ug'k{ 5{ . oxfFsf] h+undf e"d ] b]j tf af; a;] sf] hgljZjf; 5 . tfªltªsf] csf] { ;Dkbf xf] –5q] vf] nf em/ gf . ufpFbl ] v klZrdsf] 8fF8f glhs} em/ gf 5 . em/ gf;Dd k'Ug !% ldg] 6 nfU5 . em/ gfdf Sofgf] lgªsf] ;+efjgf 5 . ufpFs } lz/ fgdf / x s ] f] Knfpd} o'dy] jfaf6 tfªltª ufpFsf] clwsf+z efu b] lvG5 . lxdfn t b] lvg] g} eof]  . vf] nfsf] s'/ f ubf{ ufpFaf6 !% ldg] 6 pQ/ k"j{ lxF8 d] f t'O/ f S] o' vf] nf cfpF5 hxfF r/ fsf] lr/ lj/ ;'lgG5 . zfGt, lztn

u'?ª efiffdf … tf]Ú + eg] sf] … abF n ] Ú / … gLÚ eg] sf] … n8\g Ú] xf]  . k/ fk"j{ sfndf xfn tfªltª ufpF ePsf] 7fpFdf 3gf hª\un lyof] hxfF aFb n ] n8\y  ] . o;/ L aFb n ] emu8f v] Ng] 7fpFnfO{ … tf] lgÚ elgof]   . sfnfGt/ df tf] gLaf6 cke|z + eP/ tfªltª aGof] vf] nfdf cfgGb ldN5 . u'?ª ;d'bfodf ;fd'lxs efjgf kfOG5 . ufpFdf x'g ] ;ef, sfo{qmd jf 5nkmnsf] hfgsf/ L lbg jf s'g } va/ ;'gfpg' k/ d] f s'6j' fnn] Pp6f cfFugsf] l8ndf pleP/ k'/ } ufpFn n ] ] ;'Gg] u/ L lrRofpF5g\ . o;nfO{ s6'jfn 3f] sfpg] elgG5 . s6'j\ fn pleP/ 3f]S g] cfFugnfO{ … ;ef cfFugÚ elgG5 . ufpF dfl: t/ sf] qma' 8fF8f -#,!)) ld6/ _ Eo" kf] OG6 xf]  . ufpFaf6 sl/ a % 3G6f kbofqf u/ d] f ToxfF k'luG5 . 8fF8faf6 lxdfnsf ;fy} kf] v/ f, ndh'ª / sf: sLsf w] / } ufpF b] lvG5  . ;"of]b { o / ;"of{: tsf] b[Zo klg p: t } lrQfsif{s x'G5 .

ufpFdf a'4 / af]g wdf{jnDaLsf] a;f] af; 5 . ufpFsf] lz/ fgdf sf] Ojf lwF 5 . o;df 3\ofa|L, emfFqmL / af]g nfdfsf d"lt{ 5g\ . ;fy} u'?ª hfltsf] df} lns ;+: sl[ t, k/ Dk/ f, klxrfg, Oltxf; / hGdb] lv d[To' sfo{;Dd ul/ g ] ;+: sf/ emNsfpg] lrqx¿ k|bz{g ul/ Psf] 5 . af} 4dfuL{sf] cf: yf s] Gb| gf} r' k} uL nfdf dxfofg af}4 u'Daf klg 5 . ufpFsf] k'5f/ df / x s ] f] u'Dafdf of] u, Wofg / k"hfkf7 ug{ ;lsG5 . u'Dafdf zfSod'lg a'4 / u'? l/ Dkf] 5] kb\d;+ej nufotsf d"lt{ 5g\ . tfªltªnfO{ s] Gb| dfg] / w] / l} t/ kbofqf ug{ ;lsG5 . qma' 8fF8f x'bF } ofªhfsf] 6 eP/ a] ugf;tfn, l;Sn] ; x'bF } dgfªsf] ltdfª, r'/ f +] n] s x'bF } e'hª ' lg: sg ;lsG5 . To: t } u'?ª ;d'bfosf] cflbd a: tL Sxf]n + f;f] y/ -#,@)) ld6/ _ k'Ug ;lsG5 . Sxf] nf;f] y/ af6 Ps xhf/ jif{ klxn] u'?ª ;d'bfo u08sL k|b z ] df km} n s ] f x'g \ . Sxf]n + fdf k'/f gf 3/ sf eUgfjz] if 5Fb 5 } g\ . o;/ L kf] v/ f glhs} sf] pQ/ L ufpF tfªltª u|fdL0f ko{6gsf] gd'gf uGtJo xf]  . ufpFsf

uGtJo

!$ 3/ df xf] d: 6 ] ;'ljwf 5 eg] % j6f xf] 6n ;~rfngdf 5g\ . b'O{ / ft a: g ] u/ L tfªltª ufpFsf] ofqf agfpg' a] ; x'G5 . ufpFdf u|fdL0f hLjgz} nL 5 . tfªltª u'?ª ;+: sl[ tsf] cWoog s]G b| aGg ;S5 . ufpFdf v] tLkftL, / f8L, kfvL, 8f] sf] , gfDnf] , esf/ L a'gs ] f b[Zo ;fdfGo x'g \ . o: t } ;fdflhs ljsf; tyf cGo hnljB't, k|fs[lts glbgfnf, jghª\un, hª\unL hgfj/ sf cWoog ug{nfO{ klg ufpF pkof] uL 5 . ufpFsf 3/ cfFug ;kmf 5g\ . lrl/ RofF§ 5g\ . Ps 3/ Ps wf/ f, rkL{, w'jfF/ lxt r'nf] sf] lgdf{0f ul/ Psf] 5 . xf]d : 6 s ] f sf] 7f ;kmf 5g\ . pgLx¿ dg vf] n /] kfx'gfsf] ;Tsf/ u5{g \ . kfx'gfnfO{ km'ndfnfn] : jfut ug',{ cfTdLo Jojxf/ b] vfpg' / : yfgLo: t/ df pTkflbt vfgf v'jfpg' tfªltª] sf ljz] iftf . kfx'gfsf] dfu cg';f/ pgLx¿ ;fFemdf df} lns e] ife'iffdf ;lhP/ 3f6', ‰ofp/ ,] ;f] / 7L / 7] 6/ gfr k|bz{g u5{g \ . xf] d: 6 d] f kfx'gfnfO{ afF8 /] 3/ 3/ df / flvG5 . ufpFdf af; a: g ] u/ L ofqf of] hgf agfpFbf klxNo} va/ ug'{ k5{ . ;fFem 3fd g8'Ab} ufpFdf k'Ug' k5{ . / , cfrf/ ;l+ xtf cg';f/ !) ah]l eq vfgf vfOj/ L ;'lt;Sg' k5{ . cfuf] tfk] / / ftL

ca] / ;Dd gfrufg ub} { xf] d: 6 ] ;~rfns / xf] 6njfnfnfO{ afwf k'¥ofpg' Gofof] lrt x'bF g}  . xf] d: 6 d] f Ps xhf/ ?k} ofFsf] Kofs] hdf j] nsd l6, ss6] n l8g/ , a] 8, a| s ] kmf: 6 / nGr ;'ljwf kfOG5 . ;: tf] klg ld7f] klg . xf]6 n / xf] d: 6 d] f sf] bf] sf] l9F8f] , nf] sn s'v/' fsf] df;', sf] bf] sf] / f 6] L, bfneft, u'Gb|s ' sf] crf/ , e'OF : ofp, lkF8fn' v'jfOG5 . OR5f cg';f/ gf/ L–kf -sf] bf] sf] / S;L_ klg v'jfOG5 . xf]6 ndf dMd / rfpldg nufot cGo kl/ sf/ klg kfS5 . : yfgLo dfljsf k|wfgfWofks k|sfz u'?ªsf] cu'jfO{df tfªltª ufpF rlDsFb } 5 . ko{6gdf sfFrn ' L km] b5 {}   . ufpFn s ] f] xf] : 6 d] f g] b/Nof08sf o'lgsf kmfp08] ;g / ;LPkmlk lu|g lalN8ª, g] kfn / 8] qm; ;f] ;fO6L sf: sL / dfbL ufpFkflnsfn] x}; + ] ub}5 { g\  .

tfªltª ofqf ubf{ ;] / f k] m] / f s ] f l;Sn] ; / ofª\hfsf] 6 3'dlkm/ ug] {of] hgf agfpg ;lsG5 . tfªltªaf6 # 3G6f kbofqfdf l;Sn] ; / ^ 3G6f kbofqfdf ofª\hfsf] 6 k'luG5 . b'j } u'?ª ufpF x'g \ . ToxfF xf]d : 6 ] / xf]6 n ;'ljwf 5 . tfªltªdf wdfwd xf]6 n ylkFb 5 } g\ . ufpFnn ] ] Pp6f u'?ª ;+ux| fno / u'?ª klx/ g nufP/ kmf] 6f] lvRg] 7fpF agfpg' cfaZos b] lvG5  . cGTodf, tfªltª cfTdLo 5, g] kfn e|d0f jif{ @)@)df tfªltª 3'Dg] of] hgf agfpg] ls Û s;/ L k'Ug] M sf7df8f}– + kf] v/ f @)) lsld, a;df ^ 3G6f . cyjf sf7df8f}– +kf] v/ f @% ldg]6 xjfO{ ofqf . kf] v/ f–tfªltª @! lsld . kf] v/ fsf] sfx'v F f] nfaf6 tfªltª hfg] a; / lhk kfOG5 . df] 6/ afOs klg ufpF;Dd} k'U5 . sfx'v F f] nfaf6 laxfg * / ck/ fGx $ ah] a; 5'65 \ g\ . a;df ;fF9 ] b'O{ 3G6f nfU5 eg] lhkdf Ps 3G6f . xfOlsª ug] {xf] eg] dfbL lsgf/ rfF;; ' Dd a;df uP/ ToxfFaf6 @=#) 3G6f lxF8 ] tfªltª k'luG5 .

;Dks{ k|sfz u'?ª– (*%^)@**@& k;dfof u'?ª– (*$^@(#)#^ k'0f{;a' f u'?ª– (*$^$$()(%

afhf

df}lns afhf

tLo ljljwtfsf] ;'Gb/ km"naf/L g]kfndf df}lns afhf / w'g w]/} 5g\ . sfªlnª / lgu'0{ f v}h + 8L klg To:t} df}lns afhf x'g\ . lgu'0{ f v}h + 8L nf]k e};s]sf] afhf xf] eg] sfalna afbg klg 36\b} uPsf] 5 .

lgu'0f{ v}h + 8L ;gftg wd{df eujfg lai0f' cyf{t\ gf/ fo0fsf] pkf;gf ubf{ ahfOg] afhf lgu'0{ f v}h + 8L xf]  . lji0f'sf bz cjtf/ sf] j0f{g ul/ Psf sfJo -ehg_ lgu'0{ f xf]  . g]k fnL ;dfhdf a'waf/ lgu'0{ f ehg tyf lgu'0{ f cf/ tL ug] {rng 5 . lgu'0f{ ufpFbf rf/ sg' ] v}h + 8L ahfOG5 . rfFksf] sf7sf] rf} sg' ] 3] / f ] -rf} sf] ;_df xl/ 0fsf] 5fnf df] 8 /] v}h + 8L ahfOG5  . o;sf] nDafO{rf}8 +fO{ d'l9 xft / rf/ cdn df] 6fO{ x'G5 . o;sf] Psftkm{ dfq 5fnf df] l8Psf] x'G5 . afBafbsn] ahfpFbf cufl8sf] xftn] ljleGg tfndf 7f] lsG5 . / leqL xftn] 5fnfdf 5f] P/ : j/ kl/ jt{g ul/ G5  . of] df} lns g] kfnL afhf xf]   . of] afhf nf] k e} ;Sof]   . o;nfO{ sf7df8f}d + f / x s ] f] g] kfnL nf] s afhf ;+ux| fnon] ev{/ } agfPsf] 5  . ;+ux| fnosf ;+: yfks Pj+ afhf laz] if1 / fdk|;fb sF8 n ] sf cg';f/ a'9fkfsfx¿sf] : dl[ tnfO{ a'em] / afhf agfOPsf] xf]   . ;+ux| fnon] gofF k': tfnfO{ of] lgu'0{ f v}h + 8L ahfpg] tflnd lbP/ k'gM k|of] udf Nofpg] hgfPsf] 5 .

sfªlnª sfªlnª g] kfnsf] af] g wdf{anDaLsf] afhf xf]  . of] afhf af] g emfFqmLx¿n] k/ Dk/ fut pkrf/ k4tLdf ahfP/ pkrf/ u5{g \ . afhf ahfpFbf aLraLrdf ljleGg lsl;dsf dGqf] rf/ 0f u5{g \ . sfªlnª d'vn] km's /] ahfpg] afhf xf]  . afhf ahfpFbf k] 6sf] ann] km'lsG5  . / , : j/ kl/ jt{g ul/ G5 . of] afhf dfG5] sf] gnLv'§fsf] xf8af6 agfOG5  . tf] lsPsf] gIfqdf d/ s ] f dfG5]s f] xf8af6 dfq afhf agfOG5 . of] afhf Ps b] lv 8] 9 laQf nfdf] x'G5 . o;sf] df] 6fO{ sl/ a Ps OGr x'G5 . sfªlnª cf}; + Lsf] lbg dWo / ftdf dfq ahfP/ pkrf/ ul/ G5 . cGo a] nfdf ubf{ o;sf] pkrf/ nfUb} g eGg] hgljZjf; 5 . xfn emfFqmLsf] k|rng x/ fpFb } hfFbf afhfsf] k|of] udf sdL cfO/ x s ] f] 5  .

vfglkg

dw]zsf] kl/sf/ ko{6snfO{ g]kfn lrgfpg' kbf{ ;Fw} lxdfn / kxf8sf] ;f}Gbo{ j0f{g ul/G5 . t/ s] tkfO{+ blIf0fL ;Ldf;Dd k'Ug'ePsf] 5 < clg ToxfFsf] vfgf rfVg' ePsf] 5< 5}g eg] sf7df8f}d+ f klg rfVg kfOG5 .

: jf

bdf dw] zsf] cfkm\g } lrgf/ L 5 . u'lnof] / g'lgnf] : jfbsf vfgf / vfhfdf blIf0fL e] un] 5'§ } ljz] iftf sfod u/ s ] f] 5 . udL{ x'g ] blIf0fdf vfgf klg To;} cg';f/ sf] 5 . dw]z sf] ljz] ift} xf], kxf8eGbf rsf] {g'g, d;nf / lk/f] klg w] /   } . cldnf] : jfbsf kl/ sf/ clgjfo{ . ;fbf vfgfdf eft, bfn, t/ sf/ Lsf ;fy} dw] zL kl/ sf/ df ylkG5, t?jf . o;sf ;fy} tLn / v';f{gLsf] ;fbf crf/ n ] : jfb a9fpF5 . sl9, a/ L, v6ldÝL vfgf;Fu } vfOG5 eg] … 8 h ] 6{Ú sf ¿kdf ;s/ f /} L jf blxdf / flvPsf] dL7fO . dw]z df vfhf cyf{t\ … hnvOÚ sf ¿kdf vfOg] kl/ sf/ x'g,\ vh'l/ of, lk?lsof, 7] sj' f cflb . ljleGg rf8kj{ / pT;jdf vfOg] / sf] ; n ] Lsf ¿kdf lbg] rng 5 . h: t } k'jf, blnlkÝL, b'wlkÝL cflb .

cr] n oL : jfb sf7df8f}d+ } klg pknAw x'g yfn] sf 5g\ . w] / } ;do t xf] Og, / fhwfgLdf t/ fO{sf kl/ sf/ l5/ s ] f] bzs klg ePsf] 5} g  . o; cl3 oxfF gkfOg] g} t xf] Og, t/ vf;} xf] 6n, / :] 6/' G] 6 v'n s ] f lyPgg\  . ;~rfnssf cg'ej ;'Gbf nfU5 : jfbsf kf/ vL ;d]t Tolt w] / } lyPgg\ oxfF  . … xfdL vh'/ Lof, lk?sLofx¿ / fVg] u5f},+ { Ú tLgs'g d] f ;~rflnt ckg Sofkm] sf ;~rfnsdWo]s f Ps la6' ld>f eG5g\, … kf| oM ljb] z hfg nfu] sfx¿ lnP/ hfG5g\ . s;} nfO{ sf] ; n ] L nfg'k/ ] oxLFaf6 lsg] / nfg] u/ s ] f 5g\ .Ú s'g } klg Jofkf/ n ] gfkmf ug{ ;do nfUg] t/ ;fdflhs ;~hfnn] ubf{ Sofkm] sf] lrgf/ L alg;s] sf] / dfG5] tfGg ;xh ePsf] pgsf] cg'ej 5 . Sofkm]d f vfhf dfq xf] Og, dw] zsf df5fsf]

: jfb klg kl: sg] u/ s ] f] pgL atfpF5g\  . z'qmaf/ / zlgaf/ sf 5fsdf df5f, eft / t?jf ljz] if x'g ] u/ s ] f 5g\ . dfG5] klg a9L cfpg] u/ s ] f] / w] / h } ;f] ljBfyL{ / xg] pgn] atfP  . Ps jif{ cl3 v'n s ] f] Sofkm]n ] blIf0fL e] usf cGo kl/ sf/h: t } bfndf ux's F f] lk7f] sf 8Nnf xfn] / agfOg] bnlkÝL, b"wdf rfdnsf] lk7f] xfn] / ksfOg] b'wlkÝL h: tf kl/ sf/ klg / fVg] u/ s ] f] 5  . df} ;d / c8{/ cg';f/ bfnk'/ L, a/ L h: tf vfg] s/' f klg / fVg] u/ s ] f] ld>fn] atfP  . dw] zdf df5fsf kl/ sf/ w] / } lk|o dflgG5g\  . ljlzi6 kj{ dflgg] lhltofsf] cl3Nnf] lbg ;fgf df5f / sf] bf] sf] / f 6] L clgjfo{ vfg] rng 5 . dw] zdf dfG5] sf] a: tL;Fu } oxfF kf] v/ Lsf] cl: tTj / x s ] f] kfOG5  . To;} dfly ;dy/ df 8'afgn] t/ sf/ L v] tL gi6 ug] {/ To; ;dodf kfgLs} hLjdfly lge{/ / xg'kg] { ePsfn] u+u6f] , 3f]3 + L h: tf hLjnfO{ : jflbi6 dfGg yflnPsf] eG5g\ lw/ G] b| k| d] lif{  . df5f dfq xf] Og, df;'sf] : jfb leGg x'G5 ptfsf]  . cr] n dw] zsf lhNnfdf kfOg] … sl6ofsf] df;'Ú n] / fhwfgLsf df;' kf/ vLnfO{ tflg/ x s ] f] 5  . / f t} x6af6} … ss ' Ú / d/ d;nf dufP/ oxfF ksfOg] sl6ofsf] df;'n ] clxn] / fhwfgLdf df;' kf/ vLsf] lha|f n ] fO{ : jfb lbO/ x s ] f] 5  .

tLgs'g ] u} / LufpFl: yt n] sfnL lsr] g PG8 sl6of xfp;n] o;sf] : jfb kl: sg yfn] sf] & dlxgf ePsf] atfpF5g\ ;~rfns dw';b" g 9sfn . pgsf] cg'ejdf la: tf/ } o;sf] nf] slk|otf al9/ x s ] f] 5  . … vfO;s] sfx¿nfO{ t 7\ofSs} dw] zs} : jfb eGg] x'G5,Ú pgn] yk] , … otf ;x/ df a;] sf / klxn] slxNo} gvfPsfx¿nfO{ eg] gofF / / fd|f ] : jfb nfUg] / x 5 ]   .Ú v;Lsf] df;'nfO{ df6f] sf] efF8f] df sf] Onfdfly / fv] / t] n / d;nf;lxt ksfOg] ul/ G5  . sfnLsf: ygfdf / fhwfgLsf] k'/ fgf] sl6of kfOg] : yfg / x ] klg o;/ L o;sf] : jfb km} lnPsf] eg] w] / } ;do ePsf] 5}g  . cg'ejL … ss ' Ú kfpg ufx|} x'g ] ePsfn] cfkm"n ] / f t} x6af6} dufPsf] 9sfnsf] egfO 5 . pkTosfsf ljleGg : yfgdf sl6ofsf] df;' d] gd' f ;dfj] z ug]x {¿sf cg';f/ o;sf] pkef] Qmfsf] ;+Vof sf7df8f}d +f kof{Kt 5 . kl5Nnf s]xL dlxgfdf / fhwfgLsf s] xL cGo : yfgdf klg sl6ofsf] df;' d] gd' f / fVg] / :] 6/' G] 6sf] ;+Vof ylkPsf] 9sfnn] hfgsf/ L lbP . o;} u/ L k"jL{ t/ fO{sf] nf] slk|o ksjfg xf]

eSsf . h'g cr] n k'/f gf] afg] Zj/ df kfOG5 . … eSsf xfp;Ú v'n b] l] v g} eSsfk| d] Lsf nflu / fd|f ] / i] 6'/ G] 6 ag] sf] 5  . leh] sf] rfdnnfO{ s'6 /] agfOPsf] kL7f] af6 dMds} z} nLdf agfOg] eSsf vfg] df k"jn {] L dfq 5} gg\ . crf/ ;uF vfOg] eSsfn] slxNo} grfv] sfx¿nfO{ ;d] t nf] EofpF5 eG5g\ ;~rfns . o;afx]s eSsf / Tg/ fHo SofDk; j/ k/ , cgfdgu/ nufotsf : yfgdf klg hf8f] ofddf eSsf kfOG5 . yf¿ ;d'bfosf kl/ sf/ rfVg rfxg] sf nflu / fhwfgLsf] sLlt{k/' l: yt … a/ 3/ / i] 6'/ G] 6Ú pko'Qm ynf] x'g;S5 . 3f]3 + L dfq xf] Og u+u6fsf] kl/ sf/ , l9s/ L, ao/ sf] r6gL, clG8sf] efth: tf yf¿ ksjfg kfOg] pQm / :] 6/' G] 6df lha|f n ] fO{ gofF : jfb lbg rfxg] dfG5]s f ;fy} / fhwfgLdf a: g ] yf¿ ;d'bfo klg cfpg] u/ s ] f] ;~rfns ;Ltf/ fd yf¿n] atfP . … oxfF yf¿ sfo{qmd, x: tsnfsf ;fdfg klg / fv] sf 5f}  + . t/ sf7df8f}s + f] s] Gb|af6 6f9f / x s ] fn] u|fxssf] ;+Vof sd x'g ] u/ s ] f] 5  .Ú 8] 9 jif{ cl3 pgn] ;'? u/ s ] f] of] Joj;fo la: tf/ } lj: tf/ x'bF 5 }   . ;se/ ufpFs } : jfb kl: sg] k|of; / x s ] f] pgL atfpF5g\ . vfgf dfq xf] Og, lkpgnfO{ lr;f] sf] klg pknAwtf 5 / fhwfgLdf . bxLaf6 ag] sf k] o

kbfy{df n: ;L, / a8L cflb 5g\ eg] pv'sf] h'; dw] zdf pkef] u ul/ g ] csf] { k|Voft k] o kbfy{ xf]  . cr] n k|bz{gLdfu{, afuahf/ sf ;fy} clwsf+z / :] 6/' G] 6n] lr;f] k] o kbfy{sf ¿kdf oL Jo~hg / fv] sf x'G5g\ . kfg dw]z sf] csf] {vfB kbfy{ xf]  . vfgf vfPkl5 vfOg] of] cr] n sf7df8f}s + f uNnLlkR5] kfOG5g\ . kfx'gfnfO{ vfgfkl5 lbOg] ul/ G5 . dL7f kfg, hbf{ kfg nufot lsl;d lsl;dsf kfOg yfn] sf 5g\ . clxn] … l6lksn dw] zLÚ vfhf ;] 6sf ¿kdf rfdnsf] / f6 ] L, g'g, Kofh, t] n / v';f{gLsf] Kn] 6 klg / fVg ;lsG5 . t/ nufgLstf{df lxrlsrfx6 5 . pgLx¿df o: tf] b] xftL vfhf / fhwfgLdf rNnf ls grNnf eGg] b'ljwf b] lvG5 . cflv/ Joj;fo ug]{ g} kmfObfsf nflu xf]  . t/ o: tf kl/ sf/ n ] nufgL p7fpg ;Snfg\ ls gfO{+ eGg] z+sf cem} klg pgLx¿df 5 .

sl6of xfp; M dw';b" g 9sfn (*%!!(%*^! ckg Sofkm] – la6' ld>f (*^@(^%**^

OGb|]0fL

s'/f uf}l/sf l;+x l:jd/

3'dlkm/ dnfO{ cGgk"0f{ SofDk hfg OR5f 5  . g] kfnsf / i] 6'/ G] 6 hfg dg k5{  . g] kfnsf] / i] 6'/ G] 6sf] : t/ Psbd} / fd|f ] kfP“  . ljb] zdf rflxF cd] l/ sf hfg dg nfu] sf] 5, clxn] ;Dd uPsf] 5} g . csf] {jif{ o'lgel;{6L x] g{ cd] l/ sf hfg'k5{ . ToxL a] nfdf 3'D5' . dnfO{ dg kg]{ :yfg uf8]g{ ckm l8«D; xf] . klx/ g To: tf] ljz] if klx/ g s] xL klg 5} g . g/ fd|f ] eP klg s'g} sDkm/ 6 a] n 5 eg] ToxL nufp5' . vfgf cfn' tf/ s ] f] vfgf dgk5{ . ;fu v] ns'bnfO{ tof/ L ubf{ Go'l6«;g ldnfpg' kg] {ePsfn] 8] 9 dlxgfb] lv tf/ s ] f] cfn' vfg kfPsf lyOg\  . d] / f ] Oe] G6\; ;lsPkl5 klxnf uP/ tf/ s ] f] cfn' g} vfPF . bfn, e'hf To;df ljz] if sfnf] bn dgk5{ . k': ts Plgdn kmfd{ / Pg OG;k]S 6/ sn . lkmNd lkmNd x]g { dg k/ fp5' . g] kfndf x'b“ f kl/ jf/ ;u“ lkmNd x] g{ hfg] u/ s ] f] 5'  . dfe{nsf] ;a} lkmNd dg k5{ .

uf} l/ sf l;+xn] !# cf} +blIf0f Pl;ofnL v] ns'b -;fu_ df rf/ : j0f{ lht] / ;g;gL drfOg\ . o; cl3sf !@ ;+: s/ 0fdf s'g } g] kfnL v] nf8Ln] Ps} k6s b'O{ : j0f{ lhTg ;s] sf lyPgg\  . l: jd/ uf} l/ sfn] ;ftbf] af6f]l: yt gof“ lxl6ª l;: 6dsf] kf} 8L kf] v/ Ldf clj: d/ 0fLo k|bz{g ub} { ef/ t / >Ln+sfsf] babafnfO{ tf] 8 s ] L lyOg\  . g] kfnL v] nf8Ln] JolQmutdf kf} 8Ltkm{ : j0f{ lht] sf] of] g} klxnf] cj;/ lyof]   . ;fy} pgn] g] kfnaf6 ;jf{lws $ : j0f{ lhTg] t] SjfGbf] sf bLks lji6sf] sLlt{dfgnfO{ a/ fa/ L ul/ ;s] sL 5g\ . !# cf}+ ;fudf $ : j0f{sf cnfjf b'O{ / ht / # sf: o kbs lht] sL uf} l/ sfn] ;g\ @)!^ df ef/ tdf ePsf] kl5Nnf] ;fudf ! / ht / # sf: o kbs lht] sL lyOg\ . casf] # kbsn] uf} l/ sfnfO{ ;fudf g] kfnaf6 ;j} eGbf a9L kbs lbnfpg] v] nf8Ldf pEofpg] 5 .

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