Buddha Air In-flight Yatra Magazine | Issue May 2019

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Issue # 36 May 2019

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tigerLand visit Bardia, where culture & wildlife unite

Patan beyond Mangalbazar

Tamang Heritage Trail

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Namaste and welcome on board Buddha Air! I would like to wish our flyers a Happy Nepali New Year 2076 BS! In 2075, we celebrated many wonderful milestones like the addition of two more ATR 72-500 aircrafts to our fleet family (9N-AMU and AN-AMY), the launch of our revamped website and mobile app and also the start of night flights to Bhadrapur. As there is an increase in demand for convenient air travel, we hope that these facilities will help to make your journey favourable and comfortable.

We have some wonderful news to share with you for this Nepali New Year. From 27 May 2019, we are operating nonstop and direct flights between Kolkata and Kathmandu. Along with flight connections to these cultural cities, our travel subsidiary, Buddha Holidays has holiday and pilgrimage packages to Kolkata, Jagannath Temple of Puri and Gangasagar, and also around cities in Nepal like Kathmandu Valley, Pokhara, Chitwan, etc.

We hope that our cover story, “Bardia: Nepal's Tigerland & Cultural Corner” will inspire you to go to Bardia National Park at Nepalgunj. Besides being a wildlife haven owing to its huge conservation and preservation efforts, Bardia is also renowned for its unique Tharu culture.

This issue, we have highlighted some of the best things you can do around Kathmandu valley (5 Things To Do In The Capital), like going for a hike to Chandragiri (Chandragiri Hike: For Best Views of the Himalayas),

In-flight magazine Jawalakhel, Lalitpur, Nepal e-mail: yatra@buddhaair.com

visiting the lesser known areas of Mangalbazar in Patan (Attractions of Patan Beyond Mangalbazar) and visiting the beautiful garden paradise of Godavari. If you are looking for an escape from the capital, “A Weekend Away From Kathmandu” is sure to invigorate your wanderlust.

Check out our “Get Featured” section to see the wonderful photos captured by our flyers of their journeys with us. We want to hear from you. Please send us your photos, feedback suggestions, experiences and testimonials - they could be featured in the next edition of Yatra.

Thank you for choosing to fly with us. I hope you have a pleasant flight.

Birendra B. Basnet Managing Director, Buddha Air

Published by: Buddha Air Pvt. Ltd., Jawalakhel, Lalitpur, Nepal

Editorial Board : lKhagendra Bahadur Basnet lSubarna Kharel lUL Shrestha lRatna Rai lD.K. Karna Copy Editor: lKabita Thapa

1 in 5 youth who belong to marginalized, minority and disabled communities are unemployed

The Social Protection Expenditure out of the total national budget is 11.3%

1 in 4 people live on less than $1 a day

1 out of 5 thirty year old people would die before their 70th birthday from any of cancer, diabetes, lung and heart diseases

40,000 people get Tuberculosis every year

3 women die due to pregnancy related causes for every 1,000 children born in Nepal

Due to malnutrition 4 out of every 10 children are too short 36% of people for their age eat less than the minimum daily 4 out of every requirement of 100 children born die calories needed for a before their 5th birthday healthy life

The Global Hunger Index is a measurement of world hunger. On the Index Nepal’s score of 21.9 is classified as “Serious” due to food security problems.

Poor nutrition is involved in more than half of all child deaths.

2 in 5 children suffer from stunting or chronic malnutrition, which is the cause of 1 in 3 deaths in children under-five

There are only 7 women for every 10 men enrolled in higher education

2 in 3 women have never told anyone about the violence they have experienced

37% of women currently aged 20-24 got married before the age of 18

Only 46 out of 100 married women participate in major decisions in their life

www.un.org.np | www.sdgsinnepal.org

Facebook: SDGsinNepal | Twitter: @SdgsNepal

For more information about the SDGs in Nepal, please follow:

48% of students complete secondary education

1 in 2 youth and adults have technical and vocational skills

97.2% of children are enrolled in primary education

1 in 20 formally educated youth have obtained vocational and skill based education

71% of youth in Nepal can read and write

Data Sources: - Government of Nepal - United Nations

6 out of 10 households have an improved toilet facility that is not shared with other households

3 in 4 households do not have access to sewage facilities

22% of the population has no toilet

More than half the population don’t use a piped water supply 32% of the population practices open defecation

THE SDGS ARE 17 GOALS COVERING ALL ISSUES TO ACHIEVE HUMAN DEVELOPMENT THE FIRST 6 SDGS ADRESS SOCIAL ISSUES

contents

Issue May 2019

cover story 38

bardia Nepal's Tigerland & Cultural Corner

16

24

Ka, Kha, Gha

44

Learning Nepali, made easy

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A Weekend Away From Kathmandu 10

Handling the “Heads of the State”

From styling hair of the prime minister to some of the top businessmen in the country, Amitabh Bachchan Thakur’s job is as interesting as his name

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T r ekk i n g

Tamang

Photo: Ram Chandra Sedhai

Heritage Trail

A cultural trek with the perfect blend of the Himalayan people and their culture l

Surendra Rana

A

t an estimated distance of 80 km, the nearest trekking destination towards the north of Kathmandu is Langtang National Park. A trek towards the national park also takes you along Langtang and Gosaikunda.

Towards the west of the Langtang trek is the Tamang Heritage Trek. The region is predominately inhabited by the Tamang ethnic community, who are the oldest horse traders

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who had migrated between Nepal and ancient Tibet. Their customs and cultures are highly influenced by Tibetan culture.

The Tamang Heritage Trek delves into the different villages of Rasuwa district. You can see houses built with wood crafted doors and windows and people decorated with beautiful ornaments and local dresses . Unfortunately, the devastating 2015 Nepal earthquake

destroyed most of the traditionally built villages, and people have been using tin sheet roofs. The trail was developed and launched in 2005 by UN/TRAP as part of its rural poverty alleviation program through tourism. The trail passes through several Tamang villages starting from Syabrubesi, Gatlang, Chilime, Tatopani, Nagthali, Timure, Bridim to Syabrubesi. If you want to move further, you can combine the trek towards Gosaikunda.

The people of the Tamang ethnic group are known for their rich Himalayan tradition and culture. They speak TibetoBurman language. You will find clusters of villages with the backdrop of the stunning snow capped mountain ranges.

The Tamang Heritage Trek gives you spectacular views of Langtang Lirung (7245m.), Langtang Kerung, Dorje Lakpa (6989m.), Jugal Himal, Ganesh Himal, Paldor Peak, Sringi Himal, and Sanjen Himal ranges.

The trail is well equipped with local lodges, teahouse lodges and homestays

that provide delicious snacks and vegetarian cuisine.

The trail passes through different elevations, where you might have to trek uphill and downhill and even through some landslide areas. The effort is all worth it for the experience of the authentic village life of the Tamangs, green lush forests, terrace fields, river streams with abundant Himalayan flora and fauna.

Ganesh Himal range from Nagthali viewpoint

Kathmandu - Syabrubesi (1503m) You will depart Kathmandu on a bus from Balaju Bus Park. The drive takes you along the Trishuli River, via Galchhi, Dhading and which takes up to 10 hours.

The hilly road passes through Trishuli, Betrawati, Kalikasthan, Ramche and Dhunche. Driving forward in the winding hill, you finally reach Syabrubesi; a small town which has extensive shops, hotels

Gatlang village

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T r ekk i n g

Local woman spinning wool by hand

and lodges. This is the entry point for the trekking trails of Langtang and Gosaikunda.

Syabrubesi - Gatlang (2238m) The Tamang Heritage Trek starts from Syabrubesi. You will need to trek a steep trail for 2 hours to reach Bahundada. The gentle trail moves forwards to Gatlang Village - where you will stay for the night.

The beautiful Tamang village is densely populated and has over 600 households.

If you are willing to climb 40 minutes uphill, take a side trip to the holy lake of Parvati Kunda. The kunda is of religious importance because local people gather yearly to perform rituals. The Cheese Factory close by is also worth a visit. On a clear day, Langtang Lirung Peak is visible towards the eastern side.

Gatlang - Tatopani (2607m) The next day, get ready for a downhill trek along the maize fields.

The trail drops along the river and you will reach Goljung Besi, located on the

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Photo: Ram Chandra Sedhai

Tatopani - Nagthali (3165m) The next day starts with a gentle walk onward to the village of Brimdang. There is a monastery here and the winding trail takes you to an open meadow at the top.

Yaks are a ubiquitous sight, always seen grazing the open fields. The hill station is a great location to get expansive and wide views of the Langtang, Gosaikunda, Trishuli River and the valley of Syabrubesi.

During the monsoon season, it is difficult to walk the wet trail as there are chances of leeches attacking your feet.

Staying for the night at Nagthali I tin e rary is never disappointing! You can even take a side trip to Taruche Viewpoint Kathmandu - Syabrubesi ( 8-10 hr jeep / bus drive) along Pasang Lhamu (3726m) in the morning. The viewpoint Highway via Galchi) is about one and a half hour walking Syabrubesi - Gatlang (4-5 hr trek) distance along the barren ridges. The Gatlang - Tatopani (4-5 hr trek) trail heads northward overlooking Tatopani - Nagthali hill Ganesh Himal range, Paldor Peak and (5 hr, Side trek to Taruche viewpoint 3 hr) panoramic views of Langtang and Nagthali - Thuman (3-4 hr) Gosaikunda. From Taruche Viewpoint, Thuman - Bridim (5-6 hr) besides the amazing mountain vistas Breedim- Syabrubesi (4-5 hr) of the Tibetan region, you can see few Syabrubesi- Kathmandu villages too. The area is grazing land confluence of Sanjen River and Brimdang River. Trekking for 20 more minutes takes you to Chilime Village. Once you cross the suspension bridge, stop over for a much needed lunch. After lunch, you will trek further towards Gonggang Village, where you can opt for an overnight stay or move further towards Tatopani. The trail towards Totapani is a gentle trail and takes about one and a half hours. Tatopani is famed for its hot springs. Lodges are available for an overnight stay.

Highlight of the Trek Best Time To Visit: All season (October to November in the fall and April to May for clear views) Elevation: Max - Nagthali (3240m) and Min - Syabrubesi (1460m) Duration: Approximately 5 days Trek Level: Easy to moderate Permit Fee: Langtang National Park fee and TIMS fee Accommodation: Lodges, teahouses and homestays Food and Beverages: Nepali cuisine (Dal, Bhat, Tarkari), noodles, Tibetan cuisine, soups, etc.

Attractions Tamang community, experiencing Tibetaninfluenced village life, hot springs, Buddhist monasteries, Cheese Factory and obviously the spectacular views of the peaks of Langtang, Ganesh Himal, Gosaikunda, and even Kerung!

for yaks and other animals. Be ready for some high speed winds as well. There are no shops or accommodation facilities at the viewpoint, so it is advisable to take a thermos of hot tea.

Nagthali - Thuman (2338m) This trail heads downhill, where you will descend through the midst of forests and grazing land. It takes two to three hours to reach Thuman Village. This village has a police post (checkpoint), several lodges and hotels. The village faces east with mesmerizing views of Langtang.

The village has over 300 houses and a

monastery that was heavily damaged by the devastating earthquake of 2015.

Thuman - Bridim (2229m) There are two trails to choose from the village. The straight upper trail leads to a cliff path, that passes through Dahalfedi and Rasuwagadi Hydropower Station.

Timure is a small town a few kilometers along the highway. The highway leads to Trekkers enjoying the Tamang Heritage Trail

Kerung northward towards the Chinese border of Tibet.

While the shorter and lower is a direct trial that sharply descends towards the suspension bridge to cross the Bhotekoshi River. As the suspension bridge was slightly damaged by landslide during the 2015 earthquake, you will need to be careful and tread lightly when crossing it.

The trail than meets the highway, and you will reach Lingling Village. A steep ascend of 2 to 3 hours takes you to Bridim village.

Bridim - Syabrubesi A 2 hour steady trail leads to Khangjim Village, which concludes your Tamang Heritage Trail. From the village, the trail descends sharply from 2 to 3 hours and you will cross another suspension bridge and you will arrive at Syabrubesi. Trekkers who would love to extend their trek will need to continue to Langtang Village via Sherpagaon. Then, you will take a jeep or bus back to Kathmandu.

9

profile

Handling the “Heads of the State” From styling the hair of the prime minister to some of the top businessmen in the country, Amitabh Bachchan Thakur’s job is as interesting as his name

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with Barshaman Pun & Former Parliament Speaker Ansari Gharti Magar

I

n today’s age of quick access to information, it is quite impossible to ignore the coverage of political news.

Often, we see heads of state and other people in high power in news and social media, talking about the nation’s issues.

Political people appear as constantly in the limelight, as celebrities do. However, unlike celebrities, we rarely think about the people behind the leaders who groom them for their daily appearances. Have you ever wondered, "Who could be the hairdresser behind the prime minister? or "What are their routines and how often does a leader get a haircut?"

Meet Amitabh Bachchan Thakur. A man as interesting as his name. Amitabh is a barber but he isn’t your average salon hairdresser. Where his story gets interesting is that he provides his services to the prime minister, education minister and other high-profile clients.

Just like a Bollywood movie, Amitabh’s story has humble beginnings. He was born in a village in Rautahat and managed to only study till grade three. He left his home and moved to Kathmandu when he was about 12 years old. “I struggled a lot when I first came to Kathmandu. I

with Prime Minister KP Sharma Oli

with Businessman Upendra Mahato

was with my uncle and he tried to fix a job for me for days.” He adds, “My uncle searched far and wide to find a job for me but couldn’t manage to get one.”

Finally, one day, Amitabh’s uncle decided that if he could not manage a job on that particular day, then he would send the boy back to his village. But luck struck Amitabh and he managed to get work as a hairdresser in a small shop named

Just like a Bollywood movie, Amitabh’s story has humble beginnings. He was born in a village in Rautahat and managed to only study till grade three.

He left his home and moved to Kathmandu when he was about 12 years old.

Bhatbhateni Beauty Parlour, which is located next to the namesake Bhatbhateni Temple in Naxal.

However, Amitabh’s struggles weren’t finished. As the youngest worker in the shop, Amitabh worked without wage for almost a year. Then the next year, he started getting paid half the salary of the other barbers in the shop. He also had to do chores for the older barbers. He had to cook, wash dishes and clothes and clean their communal living space. “I couldn’t complain because I was the youngest.” he said. Amitabh worked for 10 years for his first boss. One day, when his boss decided to sell the shop and move to Malaysia, Amitabh bought the salon.

The shop was small and could fit no more than 2 clients at a time. However, Amitabh persisted through thick and thin. A year after buying the store, he got his first high-profile gig when he was requested for his service by Min Bahadur Gurung, the Chairman and Managing Director of Bhatbhateni Supermarket.

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profile

After that, success followed as his services grew more popular. Some of his notable clients include Nepal's current Prime Minister KP Oli, the former prime minister Sushil Koirala and the first president of Nepal, Dr. Ram Baran Yadav and current Minister for Energy, Water Sources and Irrigation, Barsha Man Pun. Amitabh Bachchan’s clients also include the former presidents of Non-Resident Nepalese Association, Shesh Ghale and Upendra Mahato.

When asked about how he managed to gain the trust of these important heads with their “heads” for him to cut hair, Amitabh is humble in his answer, “I believe I got this far thanks to my personality and honesty. I make clients feel at ease and comfortable.” he says.

Amitabh is usually found in his shop, until he gets called for duty by high profile clients. “I get called in usually before important meetings or political events. I

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have to be on standby, since I get a call only an hour in advance. These are really busy people so it could be any time of the day. Once I get the call, I have to carry my tools and head out quickly.” says Amitabh.

Amitabh provides haircuts and facials to his clients. “I try to give each client the best of my services. Since they are the heads and political leaders, I feel pride in my work and give a “VIP” service to them.” he says. When asked what he means by a “VIP service” Amitabh replies, “Since my clients are always stressed and dealing with a lot of issues, after my session, they leave feeling fresh. The

Amitabh keeps separate tools for his top clients and sterilizes scissors and combs after each trip.

ministers do not prefer to dye their hair or style it in exotic ways but they prefer a good head massage. Also when cutting their hair, I suggest suitable hairstyles that would look good on camera. Anyone can cut hair, but it takes a special eye to know which style would suit each face.”

Amitabh keeps separate tools for his top clients and sterilizes scissors and combs after each trip. “This is part of my special services for the VIP clients.” he says. He also uses special creams and lotions for them.

As a hairdresser for some of the most important people of the country, one cannot help but wonder if Amitabh chats about the current political scenarios with his VIP clients. However, Amitabh is a professional, so he sticks to his hairdressing and small talk. “I don’t have much interest in politics so I try to stay away from the subject.” says Amitabh as he chuckles. “They ask me about how I

have been and about my home, business and family. I don’t think I’m allowed to discuss serious topics with them anyway!”

It has been almost a decade since he began running his own shop and gaining clients of such importance.

Today, Amitabh has shifted his shop to a more spacious area just in front of the Bhatbhateni Temple and close to Bhatbhateni Supermarket in Naxal. His shop has many framed photos of himself and his clients. There is a picture of him standing next to the Late Sushil Koirala.

He also proudly displays the appreciation letter that he received from the office of the Prime Minister, KP Oli. Amitabh feels that he has come quite a long way in his career. From a young boy looking for a job in the nation’s capital to serving clients that run the nation, he says that he feels truly blessed to be serving people of such high importance.

Regarding what next? Amitabh’s goal is to expand his business and set up more shops around Kathmandu. Currently, his shop receives about 30 clients a day and he has 5 people working under him now.

There is a saying in Nepal, “A king bows to no one except to God and a barber.” Indeed, often when we see

individuals in high places, we fail to recognize the many people behind them that directly or indirectly, help them to reach where they are. Amitabh’s story is one such example of a humble person supporting some of the top heads of the country in his own, humble way.

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ac t i v i t i e s

Things to do in CAPITAL

K

athmandu, the city that reflects Nepal’s culture, tradition and civilization, is a small world in itself. With the alarming rate of population growth in Kathmandu in the past few years, anyone can easily assume its magnetism and fascination. There are numerous aspects to this sudden population upsurge in the capital.

First, the opportunities it offers to those willing to endeavor and second, the conveniences. Life in Kathmandu is like nowhere else. The expansive city lies under the shadow of hills and mountains and attracts an unbroken stream of ambitious national and international travelers, keen to unlock the secrets of this ancient place and to enjoy the cosmopolitan hustle and bustle. Many denizens believe that there are certain whys and wherefores that attract them to take a leap to the capital. There are numerous indulgences that keep the city blunt yet sought after. For those indecisive few who can't think of what to do when in Kathmandu, here is a list of "5 Things To Do In the Capital."

1. Nagarkot Sunrise Witnessing the sunrise from Nagarkot (32 kilometres from Kathmandu) is the most popular goings-on in Kathmandu. The glimpse of sunshine above the snowcapped mountains including Mt. Everest, is an experience of a lifetime.

Nagarkot Tower at 2175 m gives a 360-degree panoramic view from east to west. Mt. Numbur, Cho Oyu (8201 m), Gaurishankar (7134m), Dorje Lakpa (6966 m), Shisha Pangma (8013 m), Langtang (7246 m), Ganesh Himal (7406 m), Mt. Manaslu (8163m), and Mt. Annapurna are some of the mountains you will see.

This early morning experience at Nagarkot, of the first rays of the sun, adds warmth and brings all who are sleeping to life.

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2. Yoga Classes Nepal has a wonderful blend of Buddhist and Hindu philosophies. This blend also offers choices in meditation and yoga. Several thousand years ago, yoga rishis reflected nature through their yoga practices, which is still followed by yoga training centres, Kathmandu's temperate and mild monsoon climate makes it suitable for yoga practices all year round. The spiritualism of Kathmandu is rarely affected by modernization, so mastering yoga and rejuvenating your inner self in the mornings is easier and more effective here.

3. Cycling Kathmandu is an intriguing, yet infuriating city at the same time. Its maddening traffic and crowds make you want to escape somewhere else. If you truly want to travel along the secret and calming side of the capital city, cycling is the best option. Whether you're a beginner or expert, the trails around Kathmandu will keep you excited. Easy paths to challenging and technical single tracks are what the undulating hills offer. While you discover more of Kathmandu, you are likely to be addicted to cycling. Some popular cycling trails are: 1. Kakani – Budhanilkantha 2. Budanilkantha- Kapan 3. Kathmandu –Pilot Baba Ashram 4. Thamel- Nagarjuna Hill.

4. Mountain flight Summiting the highest peak of the world is not achievable by all. But, touching it with your soul and eyes is a possibility, thanks to mountain flights. It is not merely a flight but an exploration, a journey to spirituality as you get closer to the most pristine form of nature. The one-hour worth spectacular flight is an experience that will leave an imprint in your life. On the flight, you will witness panoramic mountains of majestic heights.

5. Visit Temples in Kathmandu Hinduism is a dominant religion of Nepal, and Kathmandu provides a good reflection of this. One of the best ways to explore Nepali culture and Hinduism is to visit the many temples you will find around the nooks and corners of the city. Along with religious ties, these temples are architecturally important too.

Most of these temples can be visited year round and are open for 24 hours, but the best time to visit is early mornings, where true bliss and peace can be experienced. Some of the temples and stupas of Kathmandu Valley to visit are Pashupatinath Temple, Boudhanath Stupa, Dakshin Kali Temple, etc.

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learning

s

v

u

Ka, Kha, Ga

Learning Nepali, made easy

L

anguage, as a whole, is not just a way to communicate, but also a form of culture. Language, in any country, society and community reflects the culture and is a huge part of the heritage. Nepali language is probably one of the most fascinating languages for non Nepali speakers.

Even for those who speak the language, it gives a hint of literature, even if it might not be considered as one of the poetic languages of the world. Many people visit Nepal, just to learn the language and practice it, whether they are here as a tourist, a volunteer or an expat. They learn it because it

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helps them to communicate with Nepalis, especially in the rural parts of the country, and at other times, they learn it for the love of the language.

There are many language institutes that provide language classes to the tourists and expats in Kathmandu.

These institutes help the learners navigate the Nepali language according to their needs, making it easier for them to learn at their own pace. Here are a few institutes (and private tutors) who can help you to learn the official language of Nepal more efficiently.

Many people visit Nepal, just to learn the language and practice it, whether they are here as a tourist, a volunteer or an expat

Bishwo Bhasha Campus Bishwo Bhasha Campus is the only language teaching college/campus affiliated to Tribhuwan University. They provide two language programs - the Himalayan Language Program (Nepali, Sanskrit, Newari, and Tibetan) and the Foreign Language Program (Italian, Russian, Spanish, French, German, English). The Nepali language classes start from February 1 to middle of June as winter semester and from middle of July to middle of December as summer semester.

To know more, you can contact them at 1-4228916, 4226713. The campus is located at Exhibition Road, near Nepal Tourism Board.

Alliance Franรงaise de Katmandou The French cultural institute in Kathmandu, popularly known just as AFK, offers Nepali language classes

regularly, although you will have to contact them to know when the next class will start.

To know more about the classes, from the prices to time period, contact them at cours.afk@gmail.com where their coordinator Angelique will guide you. They are located in Jhamsikhel, Lalitpur.

ECS Services ECS Services is one of the popular and reliable service providers in Kathmandu,

providing trainings such as cooking classes and English language classes for the housekeepers and nanny services.

Focused mostly for the expats, ECS Services also offer Nepali language classes for foreigners. Depending on the need of the learner, they provide private classes as well as group classes. Although they do not have regular sessions in a formal setting, you can customize your class (including how many can participate at one time) and pay accordingly.

To know more, contact ECS Services 014426439, located in Maharajgunj, Kathmandu.

Social Tours Social Tours is a specialized tour operator whose idea is to support social development through tourism activities.

Although Social Tours' language classes are catered to those who come to volunteer and get immersed in the culture of Nepal, you might just want to write to them to see if you can have a class on demand.

For more information on how you can get involved, contact them at info@socialtours. com or visit them at Thamel, Kathmandu.

The Nepali interpreters The Nepali Interpreters provides translating, language facilitating and interpreting services and also provide private tutors for those interested in learning Nepali languages.

To know more, visit their website at www. thenepaliinterpreters.com Besides the above mentioned institutions, you can also find many individual private tutors who teach Nepali language and give lessons according to your needs. Nepali language is not that hard to learn. Plus, you will extra points with the locals, even if you speak broken Nepali.

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he r i t age

A ttractions of P atan b e yond

Mangalbazar

18 Photo: YetiCrafts

P

atan, one of the largest city in Nepal is mostly famous for its historical and cultural features. Known as Yala in Nepali Bhasha (Newari language), Patan has been an epic center of craftsmanship since medieval Nepal. It is believed to be built during third century BC by the Kirat Dynasty which was later expanded by Licchavis in sixth century. Gradually, it was expanded immensely by the Mallas in medieval period. Along with its tradition of arts and crafts, Patan is rich in cultural heritages.

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he r i t age Side by side, it is also known as the city of festivals and feasts, fine ancient art and manufacturing and design hub of metal, stone and wood carvings which can be widely observed in its buildings and public spots (Bahal, water spouts and courtyards). Patan holds a major significance in Buddhist and Hindu cultures and its influence can be felt with a full display of religious art, temples and monasteries. There are around 1,200 Buddhist monuments in this city with several number of Hindu temples including Krishna Mandir and Baglamukhi.

Despite having several diverse attractions, Patan Mangalbazar, an area located at Patan Durbar Square has become a center of attraction. But, there is more to Patan beyond Mangalbazar. Most of the tourists visiting Patan are limited with Mangalbazar, Krishna Temple, Durbar Square and Baglamukhi Temple. However there are other attractions that should be frequented to know more about the historical and cultural significance of Patan.

Here are other attractions of Patan mentioned below:

Pim Bahal Pond Pim Bahal Pond is one of the unheard attractions of Patan. Lots of domestic and foreign tourists visiting Patan miss this pond since it is a hidden gem of the Patan, with a three tiered Chandeswari Temple that was built in 14th century. According to the locals of Pim Bahal, this pond was built to overcome the water shortage. The people living in Lalitpur had faced acute water shortage in the 14th century, necessitating the need for a pond. Pim Bahal Pond is currently being renovated.

Ashoka Stupa It has been said that this city was built in the shape of Buddhist Dharma-Chakra that is four mounds situated at the perimeter of Patan, one at each corner of its major points.

These mounds are also known Ashoka Stupas. Based on the history, it has been believed that in 250 BC emperor Ashoka visited Kathmandu Valley and had built four ancient stupas at the four cardinal directions of Patan area that are situated at Pulchowk, Lagankhel, Ebahi and Teta respectively.

Hiranya Varna Mahavihar (Golden Temple) Hiranya Varna Mahavihar monastery also known as Golden Temple is located at the Kwa Bahal. It is one of the major attractions of Patan as the monastery is gold colored,

Ashoka Stupa

hence the name, Golden Temple. The temple is beautifully decorated with prayer wheels, more than a dozen of bronze statues of gods, goddesses and protectors, such as lions, elephants. It was built in the 12th century by King Bhaskar Verma.

Rudra Varna Mahavihar This is a Buddhist Monastery made out of images and statues of metal stone and wood. It is located at Wokhu Bahal in Patan with a belief that Kings in ancient times were crowned in this monastery. This monastery was built

by Lichhavi King Shiva Deva in sixth century AD. There are 15 gold plated Chaityas kept in the rooftop of the temple.

Passing through the gate way, you are welcomed by two

Ashoka Stupa

It has been believed that in 250 BC emperor Ashoka visited Kathmandu Valley and had built four ancient stupas at the four cardinal directions of Patan 20

stone carved lions. You can also go to Ubaha Gathicha where three deities Shakyamuni Buddha, Chaitya and Lokeswara are situated.

Nagbahal Nagbahal is the heart of the Patan city that has two major historic and religious attractions. One is a stone water spout and another is a black statue of Lord Buddha. The ancient history of the stone water spout can be traced back to 11th century, and is also known as Nag Bahal hiti. Around 5,000 residents live in this area, and most of them are from the Newari community with Buddhist background.

Tushahity (The Royal Bath) Tushahity is a masterpiece of stone carving that is made for royalty. According to the locals in the ancient times, kings used to take bath at Tushahity that is located at Patan Durbar Square. This Royal Bath has been decorated with 74 statues of god and goddess, made out of stone. The royal family used to take bath at the spout and made those statues of god and goddesses so that they could worship all deities at once.

Sundhara (Golden Water Spout) Most of the people are aware about the golden water spout located in Kathmandu but there is another golden water spout in Patan. People used to be dependent on this spout for water but owing to the dense population in the area, there are constraints in water sources these days.

Tusahity Nagbahal

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Hiking

Chandragiri Hike

For the best views of the Himalayas

A

s one of the many hills encircling Kathmandu Valley, Chandragiri has long been a religious destination for Nepalis. At a height of 2,551m, it offers one of the best views of the Himalayan range from Kathmandu.

The hill is easy to summit on a day trip, making it perfect for those visitors who are short on time but need to experience the best of what Nepal has to offer adventure, hiking, and the Himalayas.

RECOMMENDED ROUTE This recommended route lasts up to 3 hours and it starts from Machhegaun which is the base of Chandragiri Hill and ends at the summit. It is best to start the hike early in the morning so you can get the best views of the mountain range and the valley. The trail winds through the green forest as you leave behind the residential village. The zig-zag route quickly takes you up the hill, as the valley drops below. Throughout the jungle route,

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hikers are treated to the sweeping view of the valley below. The mountain ranges are known to play hide and seek with you until you reach the summit where the skies open up for the glorious views.

On the top of the summit is the renovated Bhaleshwor Mahadev Temple.

Hindu devotees believe the temple has the power of fulfilling the wishes of the visitor. Surrounding the temple is a newly established park with a restaurant and viewing tower. The viewing tower gives you an unobstructed 360-degree view from Mount Everest in the east to Mount Dhaulagiri in the west along with the views of the high hills in between the valley.

Chandragiri has recently introduced an impressive cable car facility. The gondolas, with wide screens on all sides, commute in between the deep crevasses of the hill, which makes for an exciting ride. You can choose between taking the cable car or hiking all the way down.

At a glance Duration: 3 hours Difficulty: Easy. Suitable for beginners.

Start location: Macchegaun Permit: None

Highlights

THE LONGER ROUTE The alternative longer route to Chandragiri takes around 5 hours.

Like earlier, the hike would either begin or end at Machhegaun. The popular itinerary is to start your hike at Hattiban Resort in Dakshinkali and continue all the way up to Champadevi Hill and finally reach the summit of Chandragiri Hill. The longer route also promises more scenic views and the hike is relatively easier as well. The downhill hike to Machhegaun takes up to 2 hours. Then, you can take a taxi or bus back to Kathmandu.

Witness mountains like the Annapurna range, Mount Everest, Langtang, Manaslu, and more.

Easy hike through green forests right outside the city.

HOW TO GET TO THE START POINT Take a taxi or preferred vehicle from your hotel in Kathmandu to Machhegaun.

TRAVEL TIPS FOR CHANDRAGIRI HILL l Wear comfortable clothes & good shoes. l Carry at least a litre of water. l Park lunch or snacks for a quick bite along the way. l Bring sunglasses and a cap/hat. l Best time to go is during September to October where the weather is ideal and the skies are clear for mountain viewing. l One-way cable car ticket costs Nrs. 600 to 1,300 (differs according to nationality).

A hike to Chandragiri is perfect for a short getaway for anyone visiting Kathmandu Valley. Some even consider the view of the Himalayas better than that seen from Nagarkot! Travelling to Chandragiri gives you a taste of walking the Nepali trails and enjoying mountains.

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w e e k e n d h o l i d ay

A Weekend Away From Kathmandu K

athmandu, with each passing day, is turning into a dustbowl. Not just the pollution but with the crowd and the traffic and the fast-paced life and the day to day works, sometimes one starts wondering about an escape from this city. With family and friends, and basically bumping into people we know the time and again, one long for a getaway. But getting a getaway from Kathmandu is tough. The nearest popular destinations are both around 4-5 hours drive away. Oh yes Pokhara and Chitwan, we are looking at you.

But don’t worry, in this article, we bring you lists of places you can go for a quick weekend trip so that you can unwind without worrying about the distance.

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Banepa Around an hour or so away from Kathmandu, Banepa is a small Newar town just in Kavrepalanchowk. A historical town in its own sense, Banepa is known as Bhonta in Newar language, as it was one of the routes to Tibet. According to legends, King Ananda Dev Malla founded seven cities after receiving various favors and directions from Goddess Chandeswori, and among these cities is Banepa.

Chandeshwori Temple is one of the highlights of Banepa in the old town. The mural of Bhairav in the back of the temple is not to be missed. You can also check out the nearby town like Nala, Sanga, Dhulikhel and even Panauti, through hiking.

Where to Stay: Banepa Stay

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w e e k e n d h o l i d ay

Nuwakot Nuwakot is a paradise if you love hills, it is after all known as the city of nine hills. Also a historic town, this place was a capital of Gorkha Empire before King Prithivi Narayan Shah conquered Kathmandu Valley and shifted the capital to Kathmandu. Before Prithivi Narayan Shah, the place was one of the trade routes for India-Tibet trade, looked over by the Newars of the valley, making it one of the important trade hubs.

The Nuwakot Durbar, built by Prithivi Narayan Shah is one of the sites to see in Nuwakot. You can also hike around the town, walking up and down the hill. The Nuwakot Bhairabi and Taleju Temple are also one of the important temples in the town.

Where to Stay: Famous Farm

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Kulekhani Kulekhani, situated in Makwanpur District, is home to Indra Sarovar, a reservoir for Kulekhani Hydropower Projects. Perfect for a relaxing weekend, this place is the one for you if all you want to do is chill. Roaming around the reservoir, boating around and fishing are few of the activities you can do here. This place is also ideal for those who miss the lake city but can’t afford to travel for more than a day or two.

On the other hand, you can also visit nearby Newar bazaars of Chitlang, Chaimale, and Markhu, if you want to explore more. These villages, along with Kulekhani, are also excellent places for bird watching and hiking.

Where to Stay: Local hotels in Markhu and Chitlang are recommended.

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w e e k e n d h o l i d ay

Bhotekoshi and Sunkoshi Bhotekoshi and SunKoshi rivers are part of the Koshi River basins, known for their whitewater currents. Both of them are popular destinations for people who love aquatic adventures.

From rafting and kayaking to canoeing and bungee, the bank of this river has various adventure spots and resorts.

Besides the river based sports, you can also hike around the forest towards the small villages surrounding the places you are staying. The resorts are also perfect for team building activities with your friends and colleagues and are popular destinations for office retreats.

Where To Stay: The Last Resort or Sukute Beach Resort.

Malekhu You might have passed by Malekhu each time you have gone for a trip towards western Nepal.

You might also have taken a break or two in this small settlement during those trips, for snacks or just to stretch your legs. Located

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on the bank of Trishuli river, Malekhu is a popular destination for water-based adventure sports like rafting and kayaking as well as for the famous Malekhu ko Machha, the fishes from this area. You can also go hike around the villages and settlements or

just play on the beach with your friends. Malekhu is situated around two hours drive from Kathmandu.

Where To Stay: Camp out at the river bank.

E X PERIEN C E

Mountains & Tigers

A Journey Across Nepal

Meghan Verbeek (left) after Everest Experience Flight

“I

wish my flight back to Australia would be cancelled so I can stay longer in Nepal,” Meghan says jokingly. From the flightseeing tour of the Himalayas on Buddha Air’s Everest Experience mountain flight to getting intimate with the Bengal Tigers of Bardia National Park, Meghan loved every aspect of her journey around Nepal. The accommodating nature of the people in Nepal made her feel safe.

She has travelled to many countries, with Nepal being the 60th on her list. Meghan feels that Nepal is safe for solo female travel. “The kind people we’ve met have bent over backwards to make our travel safe and enjoyable, to a level we are just not used to. This trip has completely spoiled me. When I return to Australia, I will be wondering where my driver is, and why no one is checking in with me to ask if I am doing okay.”

Her itinerary in Nepal took her around Kathmandu, Nepalgunj, Bhairahawa and Pokhara, but Bardia was the best surprise. Flying to Nepalgunj with Buddha Air and driving to Bardia National Park, she actually got to see the elusive Royal Bengal Tiger! It was a hot day and the tiger was coming out of the long grass to take a dip in the river to cool off. And if that wasn’t enough, she even got to see a One Horned Rhino, deers, crocodiles and bird species. “I don’t think most people actually realize that there’s so much more to Nepal than its majestic Himalayas. To actually see these animals was simply unbelievable and a highlight of my visit to Nepal. Being within such close proximity to tigers and rhinos was truly unbelievable! It was one of the best days of my life!” She commended Nepal’s efforts for the preservation and conservation of its tiger population. She is creating a new Nepal itinerary for Intrepid that will include a visit to Bardia for 2020/21.

Meghan does have a small recommendation for Nepal’s tourism efforts. While trekking from Pokhara to Sikles with an all-female group, she saw a huge problem with plastic waste, which is an issue around the world as well. Even purely on an aesthetic note, seeing plastic

rubbish everywhere tarnished the views of the mountains. “Proper waste management along the trekking trails would make a major impact for Nepal. Creating awareness at school regarding ‘Reduce, Reuse and Recycle’ campaigns around environmental conservation is crucial.”

Travelling around Nepal, Meghan also picked up on a few Nepali phrases, which she says she will try out in Australia as well. Some of her favourites were, "Dhanyabad, Namaste, Thik Cha (Okay?) and la jam jam (let’s go)." And the cuisine was another delight too. She expected the Dal Bhat to be bland, but the combination of vegetable curry, chutney and a warm bowl of Dal was perfect. “Now I understand the phrase, ‘Dal Bhat Power 24 Hour!” remarked Meghan. She loved the momos too and hopes to make them back home for her friends and boyfriend.

Her trip to Nepal concluded with a flight over Everest with her parents. Talking about the flight, Meghan said, “Working for Intrepid Travel, we send thousands of people to Nepal every year and so many of them do the Everest Experience mountain flight. We recommend the flight to everybody and being able to do the flight with my parents felt like a dream.” Her father, a retired pilot with experience flying in the Canadian Rockies, praised the skills of the Buddha Air pilots.

He understands the complexities of flying through mountainous geography and the resulting fluctuating climates. Her mother was impressed with the professionalism and helpful nature of Buddha Air’s staff and flight attendants.

Meghan Verbeek is the Destination Manager for Nepal, India, Sri Lanka and Bhutan for Intrepid Group, in Melbourne. Growing up in Calgary, Canada, she used to go camping hiking in the Rocky Mountains. It is no surprise that she would enjoy the adventure travel industry. She has spent many years backpacking around the globe and eventually travelled to Nepal in 2019. l

Pramod Pokhrel

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book

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An Introspective View of the Life of Michelle Obama I

n life, there are very few things that remain devout to us till the end. The observance we receive from reading and the proficiency we get from living our day to day life are some of them. Life is full of obstacles, and we have to get through them to excel. I must say, Michelle Obama's 'Becoming' should be on the your book shelves if you need a book about how to succeed in life. I was pretty delighted to get my own paperback a month back, and writing this review is a glorious feeling.

As I turned the pages, I become more closer to Michelle. Her voyage through the pages were exactly what I was looking for! Most of us want a simple and fulfilled life without too much of an adventure, and so does Michelle. Michelle grew up in a middle class family and was a studious child. She writes that she was stubborn and ambitious even when she was in kindergarten. She showed early potency in music, and started taking lessons at home. Very few of us can learn from our failures in good spirit, and she's no exception.

But what makes Michelle stronger is her conviction and passion to start again with each failure.

For Michelle, family is always a top priority. She believes that her family and friends are her backbone.

Each person around her holds a remarkable place in her life. She encourages them with a great sense of love, care, and respect.

Michelle aspired to pursue her higher education at Princeton University - and started working towards that goal from her school days. Her road to Princeton was not as easy as people claimed it to be. Many had speculated that she was not Princeton material.

Despite all the demurral, she was undeterred. Reading about her ambition to crack Princeton was interesting.

Quoting Michelle, "Failure is a feeling long before it becomes an actual result."

After Princeton, she was bound for Harvard Law School, which turned out to be her greatest life achievement. Love from her parents, faith of her teachers and the music from her south side, she felt it was no less than climbing a mountain. Right at the time she was at Harvard, another individual, who was busy climbing his ladder came knocking at her door.

And he was none other than Barack Hussein Obama.

They were married in 1992 in a traditional manner. Like all love stories, Barack and Michelle's story had ups and downs, but the moments where they shared their fondness, oversight and compassion played vital roles in making their story great! Personally, their love story was not a typically Disney fairytale, but a corporate fairytale of bonding, respect and giving each other space to grow.

After marriage, kids were Michelle's priority. She always wanted to have babies, a committing husband and a sweet home with dogs. But as it said, "Man makes plans, and God laughs." As it went, Michelle's sweet home was none other than The White House.

When Barack was the President of the United States from 2009 to 2017, and Michelle was the first lady, The White House was where she played her part of a good mother, wife and First Lady. Mothers are protective and responsible towards their kids and Michelle was no exception when raising Malia and Sasha. She describes her motherhood beautifully, which all mothers would surely love and Title: Becoming cherish when reading it. As The Author: Michelle Obama First Lady, even though she did not Publisher: Crown Publishing Group have enough time for her daughters and husband, she organized her Price: NRs. 1600 (approx) time well, which benefitted their lifestyle and healthy eating.

Reading a book like 'Becoming' is about understanding life's unexpected triumph, like how Donald Trump became the succeeding President of The United States after Obama. It is an inspiring and interesting story with a flavors of realism. She wrote her heart out without caring about being judged and biased. Lastly, I would like to end my review with her words that touched me most, "It’s not about being perfect. It’s not about where you get yourself in the end. There’s power in allowing yourself to be known and heard, in owning your unique story, in using your authentic voice. And there’s grace in being willing to know and hear others. This, for me, is how we become.”

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food

Uncovering Artivism in Cafe @ NexUS

l

Samikchhya Gautam

A

round a 10 minutes' walk along the Kupondole-Pulchowk road, lies this natureconsumed cafe named Café@NexUs. The cafe is a portrayal of how Artivism looks like in a physical form. Established by the conceptual artist, Ashmina Ranjit, the cafe exhibits a strong body of her works in this extravagance of NexUS. Her work in Lasanaa, a previous conceptual platform for artists took a physical form with opening of NexUs in the year 2007.

The cafe opens to a 2 storey building in a small nature filled scape. To the right is parking and going left directs you to a dense

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environment friendly area. The seemingly old cafe defends itself with 90% of the reused and recycled materials that preserves environment at its best. The sitting space inculcates a small stage for performances and open mic programs. It can accommodate up to 40-50 people at once. To the right of the space is the building with artist residency rooms, studio and an event terrace.

Café@NexUs serves as a cafe that has local/ international food menu, an artist residency with minimal charge for stay (inclusive of breakfast), exhibition studio and a platform for performances, talk shows, healing workshops

etc. A junction to meet world renowned artists, philosophers, activists from different backgrounds, scholars and influencers, NexUS was the first cafe in the valley to start the concept of open mic. Every fortnight on Tuesdays, there is a open mic where enthusiasts from are free to break their suppressed silence, share ideas, brainstorm solutions and new ways to uplift the society.

“The sole motivation to establish Cafe@NexUS is to bring the conceptual form of Lasanaa into reality.” said Ranjit. “We did events as Lasanaa, but to be able to bring together all the artists,

Given a better platform and opportunity to explore, we have idiosyncratic artists at NexUS who can complete at any level. I strive to become that medium —Ashmina ranjit—

we sensed the need of branding through physical space. That is how NexUS came to operation as a cafe to add a unique flavour”. The long term vision for NexUS is to run art camps for disadvantaged children and create equal opportunities like privileged children would get. Their recent art movement includes giving photography lessons to minority group in Sindhupalchowk and teaching them how to weave stories in photography. The team arranged a professional camera for all its students and this masterpiece has been exhibited in around 5 countries with more in the future awaiting!

From the beginning of time as Lasanaa to being NexUS, Ashmina Ranjit, along with artists from all over the world have successfully conducted events like awareness through wall arts, street plays, social events for children, storytelling program from the virgin lands of Nepal and beyond, art classes to possible groups, and so on.

Apart from crossing cafe boundaries for its art related activism and serving, Ranjit also tries to open international doors of opportunities for her in-house artists at NexUS. Ashmina herself takes part in all of the known art conferences internationally, be it to taking part in Women of World March in Pakistan, Art Exhibition in Taiwan or Activist Conference in Japan. Ranjit is a part of all and has strong PR with scholars and artists. She tries to break the boundaries of her artists and expose them internationally too with the help of her PR.

Appetizing Food Menu at Cafe@ NexUS: The cafe has vegan and vegetarian options with guaranteed unique taste.

Green Salad, Chatamari, Pizza, Momo, Pancakes made with full wheat or buckwheat with attention to health and alternatives to food allergies are the specialties of the place.

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flower

GODAVARI A Ga r d e n P a r a d i s e

‘G

odavari’ is so named after its abundant gardens.

Located in Lalitpur, Godavari (1500m) is a beautiful rural escape. The greenery, dazzles of the flowers and the birds chirping make this a romantic and preferred destination for couples.

Godavari holds both a natural and religious significance.

Some places of religious importance here are the viceless pond, Naudhara (Nine taps), and temple. The natural beauty of Godavari include Botanical Gardens, river, jungle, hills and highlands, Panchadeval, Shantivan, Godavari Fish Farming and even St. Xavier’s School.

Godavari Botanical Garden was established in 2019 BS (Nepali Year) to preserve the endangered and local floras.

It was inaugurated by the Late

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King Mahendra Bir Bikram Shah. Spread in around 210 acres of land, the yard is a home to 550 species conserved plants.

According to history, the yard was to be established in 3rd Ashadh 2018 BS. With the suggestion of foreign scientist, Dr. Harklet, numerous gardens were constructed.

This resulted in the establishments of Community forest, Orchid House, Green House, Water garden, Rock Garden and Research Centre.

Various educational institutions bring the students to the Botanical Garden as an educational tour during winters.

The place is also crowded by the gatherings, picnics and day out among friends and families. Beyond this, it is also a popular dating spot for young couples.

A huge statue of Gautam Buddha stands tall in Shantivan, Godavari.

You will be filled with bliss and peace when you visit this place. The weather is always autumn-like in Godavri, with a cool breeze and soothing temperature. The garden is more visited during the summers. Godavari is also the entry point to Pulchowki (2800m), which is the tallest hill in Kathmandu. You can reach Phulchowki by hiking, biking or driving.

You will need to buy a ticket to tour the botanical gardens. There are restaurants and cafes around the garden. You can also find dozens of hotels, restaurants and resorts in and around Godavari. You can get accommodation here as per your budget.

The road from Lagankhel, Lalitpur is a perfectly smooth drive up to Godavari. There are local buses and micro bus services to Godavari from Lagankhel. For those who own private vehicles, driving up to Godavari is easy and comfortable.

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travel / mobile app

Comfort in Your Commute Through Ride Sharing

R

ide sharing apps in Nepal are in the blooming phase. Two companies, Tootle Nepal and Pathao Nepal have realized that for people who do not own private vehicles, they are compelled to use public transport and taxis to get from point A to point B. Besides the constant complaints of having to bargain with taxi drivers as they refuse to use the meter or charge exorbitant prices, the demand for taxis has decreased due to informal inflations and continuous bargains.

As it is becoming economical to purchase twowheelers and people in the valley have access to smartphones, this created an untapped market opportunity for ride sharing in Nepal, from which emerged Tootle Nepal and Pathao Nepal - the two mostly

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used ride sharing apps.

After booking the ride and setting the pickup and drop location, the apps will automatically connect you to the nearest ride. The riders' information like the bike number, license number, etc can be viewed by swiping up or it sometimes pops up on the screen. For emergency, Pathao has an 'Emergency Button' in the app for riders' and customers' safety.

When tapped, a representative will quickly respond to the emergency. Both apps have live tracking of the ride to ensure safety. In case of any misconduct that is noted by any party, the guilty person is permanently suspended from using the app.

These ride-sharing apps have positively disrupted the traffic and added value for money since its inception.

All you need to do is set your pickup and drop location and let Tootle do the rest!

Pathao serves 90% of the ride sharing app in Nepal with 24 hours service

—Mr. Sixit Bhatta— Owner of Tootle Nepal

—Mr. Asheem Man Singh Basnyat— Regional Director for Pathao Nepal

Tootle Nepal is a local brand that started in Nepal. It was founded in 2016 by Sixit Bhatta, a businessman with experiences in Marketing and Communications. Once you have downloaded the Tootle App, you are on your way to taking your next ride share. "All you need to do is set your pickup and drop location and let Tootle do the rest!" says Mr. Bhatta.

The pickup time varies due to location and traffic. Location sharing is fundamental to the app, which can pinpoint exact locations on the map of where the customer will be picked up and dropped off to. Tootle's services are available from 6 am to 10 pm. "It's not just customers' safety that we are concerned about. It's about our riders' safety too. Operating the night shift is risky for both individuals, that's we only operate till 10 pm."

To become a Tootle rider, you will need to: * Register via the Tootle app and fill in the required documents. * If need be, you will need to verify the documents at the office. * Accepting and adhering to the Tootle rules and regulations. * You are now a registered Tootle rider!

The riders' work is not a mandatory 6 am to 10 pm job.

"Some of our riders are journalists, and becoming a Tootle rider is an extra earning during their free hours. Most of the riders are students who are saving up for their t u i t i o n fees," says Sixit Bhatta.

After its huge success in the valley, Tootle has its eyes set on expanding in Pokhara.

It is curious to know that Tootle never started with the intention of being a ride sharing company. "We initially planned on tracking 'Sajha Bus' to locate their travel time and pinpoint exact locations.

Unfortunately, this idea failed and we started Tootle," remarked Mr. Bhatta.

Bhatta said that most of Tootle's riders are aged between 18 to 25 years. No major road causalities and dangers have been reported since the two years of its operation.

However, Tootle did face some legal issues that have already been addressed and solved in less than a month.

Unlike Tootle that is a local company, Pathao is based in Bangladesh, but it started its operations in Nepal during September 2017. Mr. Asheem Man Singh Basnyat, the Regional Director for Pathao Nepal is passionate about introducing international facilities in the Nepali market. Basnyat realized the importance of an efficient transportation in Nepal after spending 8 years in Beijing, China. "I saw Beijing transform right before my eyes," he said, emphasizing the importance of development.

"Pathao now serves as 90% of the ride sharing app in Nepal, with 24 hour service", says Basnyat.

Pathao is available for customers who require ride share facility even after 10 pm. During the day time, the minimum pickup time is about 2 to 5 minutes, and the maximum varies as per traffic flow.

To become a Pathao rider, you will need to: * Register online * Visit its office for mandatory verification. * Attend a 1 - 2 hours of rules, regulations and law reminder sessions at the office.

If you break any of the rules and regulations, a penalty is charged as per company policies.

Above all, Pathao is proud to be an income source for its riders, and especially for specially abled riders too. It is an achievement that specially abled riders can use this platform to earn as well. As of now, Pathao has 15 specially abled riders who are offering their services.

For ride costs in terms of distance, the cheaper one among the two are:

Distance Travelled

Ride Share

1,6,7,8 km

Pathao

2 km

Tootle or Pathao

3,4,5 km

Tootle

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cover story

Bardia

Nepal's Tigerland and Cultural Corner

l

Amrit Bhadgaunle

W

e're midway through 2019 and Bardia has already received an award and a mention from reputable organizations. The world's leading travel trade show, ITB Berlin awarded Bardia as the "Best Eco-Tourism Destination of Asia Pacific Region." This award was in recognition of the initiatives for sustainable tourism and excellent conservation efforts. The most recent mention is by Lonely Planet, a reputable and trusted guidebook that listed Bardia National Park as one of the best places to see the Bengal Tigers in their natural

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39

Photo: Deepak Rajbanshi

cover story Thakurdwara is the main entrance to Bardia National Park. Four new entrances were added in 2018 which are Ambasa (Amreni), Rambhapur, Chepang and Banjaria. All these entrances will take you to Bardia National Park. Besides providing convenience to travellers, the entrance has also led to establishments of new homestays and hotels.

The oldest entrance, Thakurdwara has 26 hotels and resorts, of which Dalla Community Homestay is located nearby.

Homestays in Dalla have been established in 17 Falgun 2067 with the support of Terai Arc Landscape (TAL) project of WWF. According to Mr. Salikram Yogi, Secretary of Home Stay Management Committee, habitat. According to the article, there are only 3890 tigers living in the wild out of which, over 80 tigers live in Bardia alone.

"This news spread a positive message in the world, supporting the promotion of tourism in Nepal," commented Mr. Deepak Raj Joshi, CEO of Nepal Tourism Board.

Bardia National Park is best known as the home of the trinity of the big three mammals- Royal Bengal Tiger, One-horned rhino and the Asiatic elephant. The park is a shining model for a destination renowned for its wildlife, sustainable conservation and Tharu culture. In stark contrast of starting out as a hunting reserve for Nepal's royalty in 1968, Bardia is now receiving accolades for its preservation and conservation efforts. Since 1988, the park was rebranded as a national park in 1988. The park covers an area of 968 sq. km and its main objective is to preserve the wildlife that lives in the park.

The best season to watch the tigers is during the Nepali months of Falgun to Ashar. You will need at least 4 days to get the best out of what Bardia has in offer for you - from its wildlife adventures to cultural experiences. A budget of around NRs. 15,000 is sufficient for your Bardia adventure.

The national park has been visited by dignitaries and celebrities as well, keeping Bardia in the limelight in the foreign press as well. In 2010, actor and activist Leonardo DiCaprio had travelled to Bardia as a Goodwill Ambassador of WWF. On 21 March 2016, Prince Henry of Wales visited the park and rafted from Gainda Machan to Baghura, and even spent time at Dalla Homestay too. Mr. Alastair Driver, the Main Advisor of UK's Prime Minister and his team had visited Bardia for 9 nights recently.

How To Reach Bardia National Park?

Take a direct flight from Kathmandu to Nepalgunj, and from Nepalgunj, it is about 2.30 hours drive towards Thakurdwara from Ambasa.

Bardia National Park

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Nepalgunj Kathmandu

Bardia is an excellent destination in the world. Whether you're a wildlife enthusiast or researcher, Bardia is the place to be. We are promoting tourism and preserving the uniqueness of Bardia —deepak raj joshi CEO, Nepal Tourism Board the income is good from tourism.

According to Mohanlal Chaudhary, Chairman of Eco-Tourism Development Forum, Thakurdwara has a capacity for 550 beds. Thakurdwara is enriched with tourism facilities as well, like major banks and ATM services, hotels and resorts offer free WiFi and restaurants serve Nepali, Chinese and Continental cuisines.

Hotels and resorts have already opened in Bhuriguan and Amreni. The process of building hotels have started at the Chepang entrance while homestays like Janakpur Community Homestay, Tharughar Home Stay are already established in Banjaria. Stakhaluwa Community Homestay is located near the Rambhapur Entrance. For those who want

Purchasing Souvenirs There is an array of handicraft items you can choose from to take as souvenirs of Bardia National Park. From baskets and pen holders to idols of elephants and rhinos.

You can even buy Tharu dresses and pieces of jewellery as well.

to visit Krishnasar Preservation Area, go to Yadav Homestay in Khairapur. Homestays are also available in Bansagadhi as well.

The Nepali year 2076 BS has been marked as "Visit Bardia Year" with the slogan, "Bardia for Tiger Watching." The slogan was chosen as the whole world is working towards doubling the tiger population by 2022 A.D. The good news is, the population has already doubled from 2016 to 2018.

What To Do At Bardia National Park?

Elephant Safari : Go deep into the jungles while you're perched high on an elephant. The elephant safari usually lasts up to 2 hours, which is ample enough to take a scenic tour of the park and its wildlife.

Jeep Safari : A jeep safari is the fastest

and easiest way to explore the whole of the jungle of Bardia National Park.

Jeep safaris can be arranged as per your need. Half-day packages offer a 40 km tour of the jungle in 4 hours, while full day packages take a 70 km tour of the jungle in 8 hours.

Jungle Walk : A guided jungle walk is the best way to explore the park if you do not want the noise of the jeep to disturb the wildlife.

You can choose from half-day or fullday jungle walks. It is advisable to carry trekking cane, water bottles, cameras and binoculars when you opt for a jungle walk.

For half day walks, you will need to pack breakfast, while for full-day walks, you will need to pack breakfast and lunch.

Rafting : Go for an aquatic adventure as you raft through either Karnali River or Gerua River. The rafting will amaze you with its beautiful jungle aesthetic and lowland scenery and encounters with aquatic and terrestrial beasts.

Full day packages are available from Chispani Bridge to Dualtpurghat and

R i s i n g Sta r s There are 4 dozen guides who are in active service in Bardia National Park. Among the many guides, Rajman Chaudhary and Deepak Rajbanshi are popular and sought after the most.

Rajman and Deepak are maternal uncle and nephew. Rajman is 41 years old and has been working as a nature guide for over 20 years. Deepak is only 24 years old and has 4 years of guide experience.

Whenever there is a dignitary or famous personality who visits Bardia National Park, Rajman is appointed as the tour guide, as he is experienced, a conservationist and also a social worker. He has been collecting foreign aid to build schools, provide scholarships, etc for his locality.

Under the mentorship and influence of his uncle, Deepak has also grown to be an experienced guide. Besides being a guide, Deepak has also taken up wildlife photography. He has a plan to organize a photo exhibition in Kathmandu to mark the "Visit Bardia Year 2076."

All the best to these rising stars!

Rajman Chaudhary

Deepak Rajbanshi

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cover story

Nepalgunj: Economic Hub of Western Nepal

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epalgunj is the one and only city throughout Nepal which is named after the country itself! The western economic hub, Nepalgunj is the district headquarter of Province 5. The city is culturally, linguistically and religiously diverse in nature.

The people of Nepalgunj live with a strong sense of brotherhood and mutual understanding. The urban populations are mostly Hindu, Muslim and Sikh, which means you will find temples, mosques and gurdwaras. During festivals of the respective religions, the whole city celebrates them with respect, whether they're celebrating Dashain, Eid or Baisakhi.

Nepalgunj is 16 km south from Kohalpur while travelling on the east-west highway. Nepalgunj Airport, also known as Ranjha Airport serves the city and is connected with daily flights between Kathmandu and Nepalgunj.

The roadway connects Kohalpur with Surkhet, Jajarkot, Kalikot and the Karnali province. Taking the Kailali - Chisapani route, you can reach all the districts of Sudurpaschim province. Nepalgunj is the entrance of Karnali and Sudurpaschim provinces.

US Ambassador Randy Berry enjoying Nepalgunj 'biryani'

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Mushaira, the poetic symposium of the Muslim community adds cultural richness to the city. And then there's the Bageshwori Temple, which is a wish-fulfilling Hindu temple. Inside the temple, you will find the unique statue of Lord Mahadev with a moustache! This unique moustachioed Mahadev cannot be found anywhere else in the country.

Nepalgunj is also connected Rupaidiha checkpoint of the Nepal - India border

to Rupaidiha checkpoint of the Nepal - India border.

This is the entry point to go to Lucknow, a famous city in India. It takes up to 5 hours to reach Lucknow Raabadi sweets from Rupedia.

Nepalgunj is also the gateway to Mansarovar, a holy place in Tibet. Pilgrims can take their flights from Nepalgunj to Simikot and Humla. Even helicopter rides from Simikot to Hisla to reach the Tibetan border are available. Then, the pilgrims will need to travel via vehicle to reach Mansarovar.

To promote the combined tourism of three major destinations of western Nepal; Rara Lake, Bardia and Shuklaphanta National Park, we have initiated a Wild West Triangle. Within a week, you can visit these destinations and enjoy an ecstatic experience —AMAR BAHADUR SHAHI CAMPAIGNER, Wild West Triangle from Chisapani Bridge to Hattisar. Half day packages are available from Gainda Maichhan to Khauracross.

Crocodile Sightseeing : The Crocodile Breeding Centre is located at Thakurdwara, where breeding of Mugger crocodiles and Gharials are done. The centre was established in 1986. Alongside the breeding centre is a Tortoise Breeding Centre where 10 species of tortoises are bred.

Bird Watching : Keep your eyes peeled and your binoculars ready as you scour the trees to spot the beautiful birds of Bardia National Park. The park is home to over 500 species of birds like Black Stork, Lesser Florican, etc.

Museum Visit : To truly experience the lifestyle and understand the culture of the Tharu, a visit to the museum is a given. Located near Thakurdwara, you can

find Tharu clothing, weapons, jewellery instruments, utensils, statues, etc.

Fishing : Besides rafting, Babai and Karnali rivers are also perfect fishing spots.

Before you begin to fish, you must obtain permission from the park administration.

Once you've caught the fish and taken a mandatory selfie, you have to release the caught fish back into the river.

Filming : The vast lowlands, dense jungles and the gentle rivers of Bardia National Park are perfect materials for you to film a nature documentary! Besides the beautiful natural environment, the wildlife and unique culture are sure to add a touch of magic to your film.

Village Tourism : The mid-central region of Bardia National Park is inhabited by the Tharus - an indigenous ethnic group of the southern foothills of Nepal. They are best known for their sense of community.

A Tharu Village tour give you an authentic experience of living the life of a Tharu and some villages even offer homestay facilities.

Local cuisine : A big part of local culture and tradition is its cuisine! The cuisine of the Tharus offers many unique dishes like Anadi Rice, Barmuwa, Gunghi (edible snails) Dhikri (made from rice flour), etc.

These dishes are known for their spicy and distinct flavours.

Thakurbaba Visit : There is also a temple located at Thakurdwara known as Thakurbara Temple. Thakurbaba is what the locals call Lord Vishnu. During Maghi festival, there is a huge celebration that takes place at the temple. Worshipping Thakurbaba is believed to fulfil wishes.

Camping : At Bardia National Park, there are permitted zones where you can camp. These areas are the Lalmati and Guthi regions where you can make a tent and spend the night. In the solace of night, you can take pleasure in listening to the calming sounds of birds chirping and movement of animals. But be warned, you are not permitted to travel outside the tent.

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6fj/ sf k|sf/ lqe'jg cGt/ fl{ i6«o ljdfg: yndf Po/ 6«flkms sG6«f n ] sf tLg o'lg6 5g\ M P/ f8 ] f« d] sG6«f n ] 6fj/ , Pk|f r] sG6«f n ] 6fj/ / Pl/ of sG6«f n ] 6fj/ . oL tLg} ;uF sf] ;~rf/ sf cfwf/ df kfOn6n] ljdfgnfO{ ;'/ lIft p8fg ul/ / x s ] f] x'G5 . ] 6fj/ M oxfF $ hgf P6L;L != P/ f 8] f« d] sG6«f n 5g\ . o;n] ljdfg: ynaf6 !) b]l v !* lsnf] ld6/ -% b] lv !) gl6sn dfOn_ leqsf] If] qdf kfOn6nfO{ ;] jf lbg] u/ s ] f] 5 . ] 6fj/ M oxfF # hgf P6L;L @= Pk|f r] sG6«f n 5g\ . !( b] lv () lsnf] ld6/ cyf{t %) gl6sn dfOn -dgsfdgf, gf/ fo0f3f6, l;d/ f, / fd]5 fk, nfnaGbL cflb_ ;Ddsf If] qdf o;n] kfOn6nfO{ lgb]z { u5{ . ] 6fj/ M o;df # hgf P6L;L #= Pl/ of sG6«f n 5g\ . %) gl6sn dfOneGbf aflx/ sf ;a} If] qsf] / v ] b] v of] 6fj/ n ] u5{ .

48

…r'gf}tL em]Ng] afgL kl/;Sof]Ú k|ltdf kf}8n ] , Po/ 6«flkms sG6«fn ] /, lqe'jg cGt/f{li6«o ljdfg:yn

… lt

dL s] sfd u5f} { <Ú … Kn] gnfO{ af6f] b] vfpF5,' Ú s;} n ] cfkm\gf] sfdaf/ ] k|Zg ubf{ k|ltdf pQ/ lblG5g\ . nuQ} pgn] k|ltk|Zg em] Ng'k5{, … olt 7"nf] cfsfz 5, ljdfg htf p8fP lg x'Gg <Ú kf} 8 n ] o;nfO{ ;fdfGo ¿kdf lnlG5g\ . … lsgeg] d klg klxn] To: t } ;f] Ry], F Ú pgn] elgg\ . y'k }| s] 6fs] 6Ldf kfOn6 aGg] ;kgf x'G5 . lsgeg] pgLx¿nfO{ yfxf 5, kfOn6n] ljdfg cfsfzdf p8fpF5 . t/ P6L;Lsf] sfdaf/ ] yfxf gkfPs} n ] gofF k': tf;d] t of] k] ;fk|lt cfslif{t x'g g;s] sf] kf} 8 n ] sf] 7DofO 5 . pgn] ;fyLsf] d'vaf6 of] k] ;faf/ ] ;'g s ] L d] l8sn Odh]G { ;L, lyOg\ . To;a] nf pgL : gfts ;s] / sfdsf] ljdfgsf] Ol~hg vf] hLdf lyOg\ . P6L;Ln] kfOn6nfO{ klg lgb]z { v/ faL / eLeLcfO{kLsf] u5{ eGg] yfxf kfPkl5 o;k|lt pgsf] rf;f] ofqfdf P6L;Lsf] a9\ of] / cfj] bg eg{ k'lug\ . )^( ;fndf pgsf] r'gf} tL emg\ ylkG5 tflnd ;'? eof] . tflnd nuQ} pgL e/t k/' ljdfg: yn, lrtjgdf vl6Og\ . … w /] } dlxnf P6L;Ln] sf7df8f}a + flx/ hfg dfg] gg\,Ú kf} 8 n ] n] ;'gfOg\, … t/ d of] sfd ug{ cft'/ lyPF . To;} n ] aflx/ hfg klg ufx|f] dflggF .Ú jif{ lbg pgn] e/ tk'/ ljdfg: ydf sfd ul/ g \ . ut rf/ jif{b l] v pgL sf7df8f}d + } sfo{/ t l5g\ .

sfd ug] { ;do kl/ jt{g eO/ xg] x'gfn] kl/ jf/ df ;do Joj: yfkg ug{ d'l: sn x'G5 . sltkonfO{ kl/ jf/ ;DxfNg} ufx|f ] k5{ . t/ ;xof] uL >Ldfgsf sf/ 0f ;do Joj: yfkg ;lhn} ul/ / x s ] f] kf} 8 n ] atfpFl5g\ . km/ s–km/ s l;km\6df sfd u/ /] klg pgn] cfdf / a'xf/ Lsf] e"ldsfdf sdL cfpg lbPsL 5} gg\ .

P6L;Lsf] sfd r'gf} tLk"0f{ x'G5 . … cem d] l8sn Odh]G { ;L, ljdfgsf] Ol~hg v/ faL / eLeLcfO{kLsf] ofqf 5 eg] r'gf} tL emg\ ylkG5,Ú kf} 8 n ] elG5g\, … P6L;Ln] To: tf ljdfgnfO{ l56f] eGbf l56f] p8fg / cjt/ 0f u/ fpg ;xof] u ug'k{ g] { x'G5 .Ú eLeLcfO{kLsf] p8fg eP ljz] if Wofg lbg'kg] { x'G5 . … / fi6«klt, pk/ fi6«klt, k|wfgdGqLsf] p8fg xFb' f cGo ljdfgnfO{ xf] N8df / fVg] ul/ G5,Ú pgn] elgg\, … cfsfzdf ePsf ljdfg cfsfzd} / hldgdf ePsf ljdfg hldgd} / xg' k5{ .Ú ;'/ IffnfO{ cfwf/ dfgL eLeLcfO{kL d'ed] G6 ePsf] ;dodf cGo ljdfgnfO{ @) ldg] 6 xf] N8df / flvG5 . o: tf] a] nfdf xjfO 6«flkms hfd x'g ] u5{ . To;sf] Joj: yfkg r'gf} tLk"0f{ x'G5 . … o: tf] cj: yfdf sltko kfOn6 l/ ;fpF5g\ . lrlgofF / sf] l/ ofnL kfOn6 sd l/ ;fpF5g\, ef/ tLo cln a9L l/ ;fpF5g\,Ú pgn] cg'ej ;'gfOg\, … xfdL rflxF pgLx¿nfO{ ;DemfpF5f} + .Ú o: tf cK7] / f ;Daf] wg ug{s } nflu P6L;Lsf] cfjZostf k5{ . kf} 8 n ] sf] gh/ df ;kmn P6L;L ToxL xf] h;n] oL r'gf} tLnfO{ ;xif{ : jLsf/ u5{ / ljdfgsf] ;'/ Iffdf Wofg lbG5 .

49

uGtJo

6'6k] fgL

tgx's F f] 6'6k ] fgL ufpF k|sl[ t, ;+: sl[ t / cfTdLotfsf] lqj] 0fL dflgG5 . b'O{ / ft xf] d: 6 d] f a;] / ;] / f k] m] / f d] f cuf{lgs ofqf ug{ ;lsG5 . !@ ;o ?k} ofFsf] Kofs] hdf vfhf, l8g/ , a] 8, a| s ] kmf: 6 / nGr ;'ljwf kfOG5 .

50

u

08sL k|b z ] df xf] d: 6 ] ko{6g km: 6fpFb } uPsf] 5 . ljz] iftM ToxfFsf u'?ª, du/ / ysfnL ufpFdf cuf{lgs vfgf, cfTdLotf, k|fs[lts ;f} Gbo{ / ;+:s l[ t kfOG5 . To: tf ufpFdf b'O{ / ft a: g ] u/ L ofqf ubf{ tg / dg b'j } l/ rfh{ x'G5 .

3'Dgsf nflu ;'Gb/ uGtJo xf] 6'6k] fgL . efg' gu/ kflnsf–!# tgx'dF f kg] {6'6 k] fgL k|sl[ t, ;+: sl[ t / cfTdLotfsf] lqa] 0fL dflgG5 . 6'6 k] fgL -!,@&% ld6/ _ ufpFsf] lz/ fgdf ldn'ª { sf] 6 -!,^$% ld6/ _ 5 . em'?Kk u'?ª j: tL cfsif{s 5 . ToxfFaf6 lxdfnL ns{g b] lvG5 . Tof] nx/ df cGgk"0f{, lxdr'nL, df5fk'R5]b « l] v ndh'ª lxdfn;Dd x'G5 .

ufpFaf6 Ps 3G6f kbofqfdf ldn'ª { sf] 6 k'luG5 .

Tof] 8fF8fdf k|frLg b/ af/ sf eUgfjz] if, eoF/ yfg, af3sf] vf] / , / fgLkf] v/ Lnufot ;Dkbf 5g\ .

6'6 k] fgLaf6 rfln; ldg] 6 lxF8fOdf k'lnd/ fª k'luG5 . k'lnd/ fª zxLbx¿sf] ufpF . ufpFsf] lz/ df zxLb : df/ s 5 . ToxfF ))& ;fnb]l v ljleGg sfnv08df ;lxb ePsf of] 4fx¿ nfnWjh u'?ª, zdz] /a xfb'/ u'?ª, e/ t u'?ª, wd{Wjh u'?ª, ;a{l;+x u'?ª / x: tjL/ u'?ªsf k|ltdf 5g\ . lxpFbdf ufpFaf6 tn x]b f{ … JxfO6 n] sÚ b] lvG5 . e'Os F l' x/ f ] hd] / tfn h: t } aG5 . 6'6 k] fgL If] qs} buf{ hfd] dl: hb / ko{6sLo kbdfu{x¿n] ;d]t oxfFsf] dxTj a9fPsf 5g\ . a'4 zflGt kbdfu{, ldn{ª ' sf] 6 kbdfu{ / Sof;ld/ L kbdfu{sf] d'Voåf/ klg 6'6 k] fgL g} xf] . ufpFd } 5 7"nf] 9'u+ f . ljzfn 9'u+ fdfly ¿v} ¿v Û 9'u+ fleq l;4 u'kmf . u'kmfdf dxfb]j . ltgsf] bz{g u/ ] dgf] sf+Iff k'/ f x'g ] hgljZjf; . u'kmfdf Wofg a: g ;lsG5 . ufpF glhs} sf] ;'g;/ L 8fF8f Eo" kf] OG6 xf] .

ToxfFaf6 6'6 k] fgL ufpF / lxdfnsf] / fd|f ] b[Zo b] lvG5 . 8fF8fdf )&% df3df zxLb s[i0faxfb'/ u'?ªsf] k|ltdf / flvPsf] 5 . k|hftGqjfbL of] 4f s[i0faxfb'/ nfO{ k+rfotn] )!* ;fndf xTof u/ s ] f] lyof] . ufpFdf u'?ªsf #) 3/ 5g\ . tL dWo] !^ 3/ df xf] d: 6 ] u/ fOG5 . Ps} k6s $% hgf af;

a: g ;S5g\ . tgx'F ko{6g k|j4{g ;ldlts ;+: yfks cWoIf xl/ l;+x u'?ªn] xf] d: 6 ] ;~rfng ug{ ufpFn n ] fO{ xf} : ofPsf x'g \ . )&@ j} zfvb] lv xf] d: 6 ] yflnPsf] . !@ ;o ?k} ofFsf] Kofs] hdf vfhf, l8g/ , a]8 , a| s ] kmf: 6 / nGr ;'ljwf kfOg] ;fd'bflos xf] d: 6 ] Joj: yfkg ;ldltsf cWoIf SofK6]g xf]d axfb'/ u'?ª atfpF5g\ . s[lif g} ufpFn s ] f] cfDbfgLsf] cfwf/ . v] taf/ Ldf ds} , sf] bf] , wfg, e§, s] / fp, l;dL, ;AhL, cfn' pTkfbg x'G5 . e}; L, afv|f / s'v/' f kfng ul/ G5 . ufpFn x] ¿ 8f] sf] , gfDnf] y'G;] cflb a'G5g\ . cr] n ko{6gsf] pHofnf] 5fpFb } 5 . ko{6snfO{ : jfut ug]{ pgLx¿sf] z}n L UfHha 5 . ufpFsf] k|j z ] åf/ b l] v xftdf km"ndfnf af] s /] dlxnf / k'?if pleG5g\ . a/ / tfnL ahfpFb} : jfut u5{g . l;+9L r9] / ;efxn gk'u~' h] n afF;/' Lsf] w'g u'l~hG5 . xndf k'¥ofPkl5 ;'v zflGtsf] sfdgf / lj3\g afwf gk/ f; ] \ eGb} uw{gdf l/ kf -/ IffaGwg_ afFlwlbG5g\ . clg vfhf vfFb} sf} / f, kfpFb/' ] -s[i0frl/ q_, nf] suLt, r'8s \ f / 3f6'nufot gfrufgdf em'dfpF5g\ .

labfOsf] If0fdf efj's agfpF5g\ . ufpF 5f8\g ] a]n f cfdf ;d"xn] k|j z ] åf/ cufl8 ;] n / f 6] L / sf] bf] sf] / S;L / ;fFw s ] f] u'Gb|s ' lbG5g\ . To;df blIf0ff / fv] / kms{g] a] nf cfFvfaf6 cfF;' em5{ .

To;} n ] dgsf/ L 6'6 k] fgLsf] xf] d: 6 d] f b'O{ / ft a;] / j/ k/ 3'Dg] of] hgf agfpg' a] ; x'G5 . s;/ L k'Ug] M bdf} nLaf6 pQ/ df 6'6 k] fgL . k[YjL/ fhdfu{sf] 8'd ]| / bdf} nLaf6 6'6 k] fgL hfg] # j6f ;8s 5g\ . bdf} nLaf6 5fkyf] s–uf} / L: jfF/ f–kf] v /] L5fk x'bF } 6'6 k] fgL @$ lsdL . To;} u/ L bdf} nL–sn] : tL, ;dh'/ – kf] v/ L5fk–6'6 k] fgL @@ lsdL / , 8'd –]| ;] kf au}r + f–;dh'/ – kf] v/ L5fk–6'6 k] fgL @% lsdL . bdf} nLaf6 dWofGx !@ ah] / lbpF;f] @ ah] 5'6g\ ] a;df 6'6 k] fgL k'Ug c9fO{ 3G6f .

To: t } 8'd a]| f6 lbp;f] !M #) ah] 5'6g\ ] a;df # 3G6f . ;Dks{ M 6'6 k] fgL ;fd'bflos xf] d: 6] xf] daxfb'/ u'?ª–(*)^&%(#^# cd/ u'?ª–(*$^@(^#*@ xl/ l;+x u'?ª–(*%^)^)^(#

51

;~hfn

;fdflhs ;~hfndf /dfpg]x? slj gj/ fh k/ fh'nLsf] nflu ;fdflhs ;~hfn … clkm;Ú xf] . pgsf] sljtf jfrgsf lel8of] x¿ ;fdflhs ;~hfndf efO/ n eP . To;kl5 pgsf] rrf{ PsfPs r'lnof] . Psn sljtf sG;6{b lv ] ljleGg cleofgdf pgL 8flsg yfn] . clxn] pgL;Fu ;Dks{df cfpg ;xh dfWod km] ;a's xf] . h;sf] JolQmut pkof] uLtf af/ ] eG5g\, s;} n ] cknf] 8 u/ s ] f] d] / f ] sljtf … XofKkL ay{8 Ú] df &) nfv Eo'h b] v +] . To;df cfPsf] k|ltlqmofn] dnfO{ 5Ss kfof] { . km] ;a's x'GgYof] eg] s;/ L d] / f zAbx¿ Toqf dfG5] df k'UYof] . pgL km';b{ x'bF f o'6o\ a' / km] ;a's rnfpF5g\ . d] ; h ] k9\g / hjfkm kmsf{pg ;do 5'6fpF5g\ . … d cfkm"nfO{ cfPsf] ;a} d] ; h ] x] 5 '{ . cfjZos k/ s ] fx¿sf] l/ KnfO klg u5{Ú' , pgn] eg] . l6\j6/ df eg] l6\j6 k9] / dhf lnG5g\ . cfkm} l6\j6 ug{ eg] ?rfpFb g} g\ . zAbx¿;Fu v] Ng] pgnfO{ cIf/ sf] ;Lldttf dgkb}g { . Ú l6\ j6/ df yf] / } dfq zAb c6\5 . c6fpg] WofpGgdf nfUbf eGg vf] h s ] f] s'/ f a'emfpg ;lsFb g} … pgL yK5g\ . @*) cIf/ df n] Vg vf] Hbf efj dg] { / cgy{ nfUg] 8/

pgdf 5 . eG5g\, Ú km] ;a's k|hftflGqs 5 . hlt n] v] lg x'G5 . h;sf] klg kx'rF 5 .… g] kfnL / fhgLlt1x¿ eg] l6\j6/ df ;lqmo b] lvG5g\ . cS6f] a/ #!, @)!* df km\ofS6\; l/ ;r{ P08 Pgflnl6S;n] l6\j6/ df ;jf{lws kmnf] ul/ Psf k|of] ustf{sf] ;"rL ;fj{hlgs uof] { . !) s/ f 8] a9L kmnf] c; { ;lxt uflosf s] 6L k] / L ljZj ;"rLsf] klxnf] gDa/ df lyOg\ . g] kfnsf nflu eg] 8fS6/ afa'/ fd e§/ fO{ klxnf] gDa/ df b] lvP . ;g\ @)!# b] lv ;lqmo pgsf] JolQmut l6\j6/ XofG8ndf !) nfv *) xhf/ kmnf]c;{ 5g\ . e§/ fO{ ljz] ifu/ L ;fdflhs / / fhgLlts ljifodf n] Vg] / cGt/ lqmof ug] { u5{g \ . t'?Gt} ;"rgf cfbg k|bfg ug{ ;xof] u k'¥ofpg] ljleGg ;fdflhs ;~hfndWo] l6\ j6/ nfO{ ;zQm dfWod dfG5g\ e§/ fO{ . pgL eG5g\, Ú l8lh6n ;~rf/ k|ljlwn] hGdfPsf] cToGt} k|efjzfnL ;~hfn xf] of] . l6\ j6sf] k|efj 5f] 6f] ;dodf 7"nf] hdftdf k5{ . h;sf sf/ 0f d nfvf};

+ uF hf] l8g kfPsf] 5' .… e§/ fO{n ] l6\j6/ rnfpg ;'? ubf{ l6\ j6nfO{ !$) cIf/ df ;Lldt ug{k' Yof] { . t/ , clxn] @*) cIf/ sf] k|of] u ug{ ;lsG5 . … h;sf sf/ 0f cfkm\gf] ljrf/ / fVg ;xh ePsf] 5Ú , pgn] eg] . c¿

l;hg{ / ;r" fTds jx; l6 \j6/ gfsf ] nflu pko fu ] L 5 l s s ] L cl wsf/L

52

.

;fdflhs ;~hfnsf] t'ngfdf l6\j6/ df ;+;f/ e/ s} / fhgLlts g] tT[ j / ljrf/ s, cg';Gwgstf{, lj1x¿ a9L ;lqmo x'gs ' f sf/ 0f cfkm\gf] lglDt pkof] uL / cfsif{s dfWod ag] sf] atfpF5g\ . … k/ Gt' s'g } klg ljlw jf k|ljlw Ú hfGg] nfO{ >Lv08 ghfGg] nfO{ v'kf{sf] la+8Ú t e} xfN5Ú , l6\ j6/ k|of] usf] gsf/ fTds kf6f] af/ ] pgn] ;+s t] u/ ] . *** cleg] qL s] sL clwsf/ LnfO{ km] ;a's ;xh / ;zQm ;fdflhs ;~rf/ dfWod nfU5 . JolQmut lrghfgsf x'g\ jf ckl/ lrt ;a} nfO{ cfkm"n ] rfx] h;/ L cfkm\gf kf] : 6x¿df ;+nUg u/ fpg kfpg' pgnfO{ l7s nfUg] kIf xf] . … kf| Oe] ;L ;] l6ªsf] k|of] u rfx] cg'?k ug{ kfOG5Ú , s] sL elG5g\ . pgnfO{ km] ;a'sdf ( nfv #( xhf/ eGbf a9Ln] kR5\ofPsf 5g\ . ;d;fdlos ljifodfly ljrf/ tyf ts{ / fVg] pgnfO{ km] ;a'sn] k] zfut k|rf/ df klg lgs} ;xof] u k'¥ofPsf] ;'gfpFl5g\ . s] sLnfO{ l6\j6/ df klg Ps nfv afpGg xhf/ n ] kmnf] u/ s ] f 5g\ . … l;h{gfTds jx; / ;"rgfsf] nflu l6\j6/ pkof] uL 5 . t/ x/ s ] ;d"x / If] qsfn] o;sf] k|of] u u/ s ] f 5} gg\ . h'g cfjZos 5 .Ú

g ] G' gYof ] e¿ x ' s a ] km ; f zAbx ] /

d L

/ s; fG5 d] f Toqf d kU' Yof ] .

L l

' k/ fhn gj/ fh

*** sflGtk'/ PkmPddf k|zf/ 0f x'g ] … of] dfof eGg] lrh o: t } xf] Ú rrf{df cfof] . k|: tf] tf ;lagf sfsL{nfO{ x] g{ rfxg] >f] tfsf] hdft klg 7"nf] lyof] . To: tf] df pgn] … xfO kmfOeÚ csfpG6 vf] lng\, h;dfkm{t ;|f t] fsf] k|ltlqmof lnlGyg\, pgLx¿;Fu cGt/ jftf{ uly{g \ . g] kfndf km] ;a's lelqPsf] s] xLkl5;Dd klg pgL xfO kmfOed} / dfOg\ . … dnfO{ ;w} + nfUof] >f] tf;Fu d cfjfhsf sf/ 0f hf] l8PsL x' F . cg'xf/ b] vfpg cfjZos 5} gÚ , pgn] km] ;a'sdf xtf/ df hDk gug{s ' f] sf/ 0f atfOg\ . xfn eg] pgn] ;jf{lws k|of]u ug{ ;fdflhs ;~hfn eg] s } km] ;a's xf] . pgsf]

cflwsfl/ s k] hdf ;ft nfv tL; xhf/ eGbf a9L kmnf] c;{ 5g\ . pgL k|ljlwsf] km8\sf] ;uF ljsf; x'g] ;~hfnx¿k|ltsf] ?rL / rf;f] km] l/ g' : jefljs dflG5g\ . elG5g\, Ú ca x]g{ ; ' \ g 8]9 b'O{ jif{ otf OG;6fu|fddf o'jf k':tf s;/ L em'lDdPsf 5g\ .… x/ s ] ;d"xsf] kx'rF / rf;f] ePsfn] cfkm" km] ;a'sdf / dfpg] pgsf] syg 5 . To;dfly pgsf] ;'?jftL lbgb] lvsf z'elrGts / ;|f t] f km] ;a'sd} , d | f 5g\ .

6fu d /] f ] l6j\ 6/ , OG; ;{ d /] f / l] 8of] 5f] 8 /] ' sf kmnf] c km] ;as … kf] 8sf: 6Ú dfkm{t sfo{qmd pmhf{ xg' \ . ;'? ug{' pgsf] sl/ o/ sf] L{ fs s f g lj ; 7"nf] km8\sf] aGof] . l h;sf nflu cfjZos ;fx; ;fdflhs ;~hfnn] g} lbPsf] bfaL ul5{g \ . pgn] elgg\, Ú ;fdflhs ;~hfnn] nfvf} + >f] tf;Fu hf] 8o\ f] / t / l] 8of] sf] !% jif{ nfdf] ofqfnfO{ OG6/ g 6] s] lGb|t agfpg ;s] + .… ;fdflhs ;~hfndf b] lvPsf] dfof, ;fy, xf} ;nf / ;'emfjn] cfkm\gf] Rofgn … ;A;sf: 6Ú sf] k|rf/ df ;xof] u k'u s ] f] atfOg\ . kmf] 6f] / lel8of] sf nflu o'jfk': tfdf rrf{df / x s ] f] OG: 6fu|fddf klg pgnfO{ em08} Ps nfvn] k5\ofPsf 5g\ . h;nfO{ pgL z'elrGtssf ?kdf JofVof ul5{g \ . elG5g\, Ú d /] f ] l6\j6/ , OG:6fu|fd, km] ;a'ssf kmnf] c;{ d] / f pmhf{ x'g \ .… *** d';ndfg ;d'bfosf cleg] tf gflh/ x'; g] n] efOl6sfsf] lbg lbbL;Fusf] kmf] 6f] kf] : 6 u/ ] .

53

;~hfn ;fdflhs ;~hfnx¿dfkm{t / fv] sf] pQm kmf] 6f] sf] SofK;gdf pgn] ;? / fO{;uF efO6Lsf nufPsf] atfPsf 5g\ . w] / n } ] pgsf] kf] : 6nfO{ ;sf/ fTds ;+b z ] k|jfxsf] ?kdf JofVof u/ ] eg] s] xLn] sd] G6d} … klAnl;6L : 6G6Ú ;d] t eg] sf 5g\ . gflh/ eg] ;fdflhs ;~hfnnfO{ v'zL ;f6\g ] v'nf 7fpF dfG5g\, hxfF cfpg] gsf/ fTds / ;sf/ fTds b'j} k|ltlqmofnfO{ ;xh} lnG5g\ . x'; g] n] w] / } ;do latfpg] eg] OG: 6fu|fdd} xf] . pgL ToxfF cfkm\gf] sfd, b} lgsL cflbaf/ ] ck8] 6 t u5{g\ g} ;fy} ;fyLx¿;Fusf] / dfOnf] lel8of] of kmf] 6f klg ;] o/ u5{g \ . eG5g\, Ú d n } ] ;] o/ u/ s ] f] ;fdfu|Ln] s;} nfO{ c;/ ug{' ePg, cfkm} nfO{ klg olt s'/ f Wofgdf / fv] OG: 6fu|fd / dfpg] ;'/ lIft dfWod xf] .… pgL Psf] xf] / f ] cfkm\gf] kmf] 6f] / lel8of] dfq kf] : 6 ub}g { g\ . km";b{ sf] ;dodf kmnf] c;{sf] k|Zg, lh1f;f jf ;+b z ] sf] hjfkm;d] t lbG5g\ . $) xhf/ dfly kmnf] c;{ / x s ] f] klxnf] OG: 6fu|fd csfpG6 Xofs ePkl5 gofF csfpG6 vf] n] . h;df pgnfO{ t] lQ; xhf/ n ] kmnf] u/ s ] f 5g\ . Ú xfdLnfO{ x] g,{ xfdLaf/ ] ck8] 6 8] / xg kmnf] ug]x { ¿;Fu t xf] lg xfdLn] cGt/ lqmof ug]… { , cfkm\gf] ljrf/ ;'gfP .

gflh/ : jo+n ] klg cGt/ fli6«o 8fG;/ , df] 8n, slj, snfsf/ / df] l6e] ;gn l: ks/ nfO{ kmnf] u/ s ] f 5g\ . … ;sf/ fTds pmhf{ lbg] JolQmsf] kf] : 6n] k'/ f lbgnfO{ lgs} c;/ u5{ . To;sf] k|efj xfd|f ] sfd / kf] : 6df klg b] lvG5Ú , pgL cg'ej ;'gfpF5g\ . *** dfOqmf] Anluª ;fO6 l6\j6/ df ;'idf l;Ub] n kl/ lrt gfd xf] . ;g\ @)!! b] lv lg/ Gt/ l6\ j6/ k|of] u u/ s ] L pgsf] ;q xhf/ kmnf] c;{ 5g\, hf] ;uF ;d;fdlos ljifodfly jx; Pj+ cGt/ lqmof x'g] atfpFl5g\ . sfg'gsf] ljBfyL{ ;d] t / x s ] L pgnfO{ l6\j6/ df x'g ] j} rfl/ s dGyg pkof] uL nfU5 . … t/ , cfhef] nL l6\j6/ df ljrf/ ;f6f;f6 sd ljjfb Hofbf x'G5Ú , cg'ejsf s'/ f ;'gfOg\ . l6\ j6/ v'nf x'gs ' f sf/ 0f gsf/ fTds kIf xfaL ePsf] pgsf] ljrf/ 5 . elG5g\, Ú ljb] zdf ;] lna| 6] Ldfem l6\j6/ rrf{df / xbF f xfd|f d] f cfd dfG5] n ] rnfof} + . a? l6\j6/ n ] g} ;] lna| 6] L hGdfof] . cfd k|of] ustf{aLr g} / dfOnf] s'/ fsfgL, ;fdflhs ;xsfo{b l] v, / fhgLlts, ;fdflhs, ;flxlTos

~hfn,\ s ; s h ;fdfl pg ] gsf/ fTd hxfF cf sf/ fTds bj' } ;fy } ; fnfO{ ;xh} kl| tlqmo . lngk' 5{ l

' g] ; gflh/ x

l6j\ 6/ df ] ] w /] } cy{ / kmf 6] f n f

V OG: 6fdf b g} , zAbn ] . l ; i' df l;Ub n ]

54

ljifodf s'/ fsfgL x'GYof] . ca t / fhgLlts s'07f dfq a9] sf] b] V5' .… pgnfO{ nfU5 l6\j6/ k|xf/ ug] { 7fpF ag] sf] 5 . klxn] klxn] l6\j6x¿ x] bf{ / dfpg] u/ s ] L pgL cfhef] nL lg/ fzf a9\g ] 8/ n ] klg l6\j6/ sd k|of] u ul5{g \ . a? pgL klg la: tf/ } OG: 6fu|fdlt/ ;do latfpg yfn]sL l5g\ . …

ToxfF slDtdf sf] N8jf/ x'bF g} . km/ s olQ xf] l6\j6/ df kmf] 6f] n ] w] / } cy{ / fVb} g, OG: 6fdf zAbn] .Ú

h8La'6L

kbdrfnsf] au+r} f lj

Zjsf] t] ;f| ] pRr lxdlzv/ s~rgh+3f / zlQmkL7 kfyLe/ fb] jL n ] lrgfOPsf] tfKn] hª ' nfO{ k|fs[lts h8La'6L / km"nk } m"nsf] au}r fn] klg ;fy lbPsf] 5 . cgluGtL h8La'6L jf ;'Gb/ km"nx¿dWo] kbdrfn klg Ps xf] . of] ljz] ifu/ L tf] Sk] uf] nf / ltDa'ª kf] v/ L If] qdf kfOG5 . of] km"n cb\et' k|fs[lts ;[hgfsf] : j?k xf] . g]k fnsf] cflbjf;L hghfltdf ;'lrs[t cNk;+Vos 8f] SKof hfltsf] df} lns ;+: sl[ t 7'Skf5] ;L kj{ / tf] Sk] uf] nfsf] ko{6sLo k|f k] mfO{n ;+sng ug{ xfdL tf] Sk] uf] nf If] q k'us ] f lyof}

+. xfdL : yfgLo jfª\u ] 8f] SKofsf] ;fydf cl3 a9\of}+ . km'ªkm'ªu] em/ gfsf] ;'Gb/ t: jL/ lvRb} kfk'ª x'bF } tf] Sk] uf] nf k'luof] . 8f] SKof hfltsf] pb\ud: yn, cgluGtL kf] v/ Lx¿, rf} / L ufO{sf] r/ g, / ;'Gb/ km"n k} m'nsf] k|fs[lts au}r + fdf k'luof] . 7'Skf5] ;L kj{df : yfgLo;Fu : ofjf] { gfRb} tf] ª \jfsf] r': sLdf j] ns ' L l8ªHofªdf / dfOnf] ul/ of] . ef] lnkN6 cf] nfªr'ªuf] nf hfg] lg0f{o ul/ of] . xfd|f ] ofqf uf] nftkm{ df] l8of] . To; ufpFeGbf s] xL dfyL k'u ] kl5 kxf8} 9fs] / ;] tfDd] dflg; a;] h: t } b] lvof] . Psl5g t 5Ss kl/ of] . kyk|bz { s jfªu] bfO{n ] lrgfP kl5 dfq yfxf ef] kbdrfn xf] eg] / . kmf] 6f] lvlrof] , vfOof] , dL7f] nfUof] .

8fxf nfUof] . xfdLn] w] / } b'Mv u/ /]

/ f k] s ] f] jfnLgfnL eGbf w] / } ;lk|Psf] , emfFluPsf] . ;] tf dflg; a;] em} + b] lvg] kbdrfn x] bf{ ;fFRr} / x/ nfUbf] x'G5 . of] km"nnfO{ z] kf{ efiffdf …s] ~hfÚ elgFbf] /x]5 . of] km"n sl/ j rf/ km'6;Dd cUnf] x'G5 eg] b] lvg] ;] tf] efu km"n geP/ sf] kLsf] h: tf] kft xf] . ;]t f] b]l vg] kftsf] aLrefuaf6 km"n km"Nbf / x 5 ] g t/ km"n Tolt cfsif{s b] lvFb g} o;sf] ?k eg] s } oLg} kftx¿n] 9flsPsf] b] lvg] : j?k xf] . o;sf] r'/ f d] f 7f] 6g\ ] h: tf] sdnf] 8fF7 x'G5 h'g vfg klg ldN5 . cldnf] ÷cldnf] jf u'lnof]÷ u'lnof] : jfb x'g ] ePsfn] o;nfO{ crf/ agfP/ vfg] rng 5 . :yfgLon] ;+sng u/ /] klg / fVg] rng 5 . rf/ xhf/ ld6/ prfOdf kfOg] km"nn] oxfFsf] zf] ef a9fPsf] kfOG5 . kxf8} 9fs] / pd|g ] km"n km"Nbf xfdLn] uf] 8d] n u/ /] x'sf{Psf] km"n / km'naf/ L eGbf cfsif{s b] lvG5 . ljz] iful/ 9'u+ fsf] sfkaf6 pd|g ] of] k|fs[lts jg: klt c;f/, ;fpg / ebf}df 9sdSs x'G5 . : yfgLon] o;sf] 8fF7 / h/ fnfO{ cf} ifwLsf ?kdf klg k|of] u u5{g \ . z/ L/ b'Vbf / dlxnfsf] / St>fj x'bF f o;nfO{ lk;] / / ksfP/ ;] jg ubf{ b'vfO{ sd x'g ] / / St>fj / f l] sg] : yfgLo atfpF5g\ . o;sf] cg';Gwfg / k|of] uaf/ ] ;/f]sf/jfnfsf] Wofg hfg h?/ L b] lvG5 .

8f] SKof hfltsf] ;+:s l[ tdf / Dg, cd"No k|fs[lts h8La'6Lsf] : jf; lng, ;'Gb/ km"n k} m"nsf] au}r + fdf gfRg / ux'uF f]/ L Sof~hf] ;uF dfof nufpg tf] Sk] uf] nf e|d0f ug{ ] ls < kmf] 6f] ÷k|: tt' L M xs{ / fh u'?ª

55

vfglkg

/]i6'/fFdf tfdfª :jfb l; ufpFdf k|rlnt kl/ sf/ nfO{ a|fl08ª u/ L / ]i6'/F fsf] d] gd' f Nofpg] sfd u/ ]sf] 5 ufos km"ns'df/ aDhg ;d"xn] . pgLx¿sf] … tfdfª s'bfk / i] 6'/ G] 6Ú df yl/ yl/ sf tfdfª kl/ sf/ kfS5 .

56

Gw'nLsf ufos km"ns'df/ aDhgn] gofF lrgf/ L agfPsf 5g\–/ i] 6'/F f Joj;foL . !& jif{ ^ dlxgf g] kfnL ;] gfdf hflu/ vfP/ ! k'; )&% df ;] jf lgj[t ePkl5 pgn] afFsL hLjg ko{6gdf ljtfpg] lg0f{o u/ ] . pgnfO{ ;fy lbP l;Gw'nLs} ldqx¿ d+un yf] s/ / l8aL tfdfªn] . snfsf/ eP/ 8'lnlxF8b\ f cfkm\g } df} lns vfgf a|fl08ª ug] { cfOl8of km'¥of] pgsf] lbdfudf . … du/ n ] xfd|f ] kl/ sf/ eg] / a+u/' v'jfpF5 . afx'gn] v;L sf6\5Ú , aDhgn] ;'gfP, … z k] f{n ] y] Gb's v'jfpF5 eg] xfdL -tfdfª_n] s] v'jfpg] eGg] cfkm\g } dgnfO{ ;f] w +] .Ú dgdf s'/ f v] nfpFbf–v] nfpFb } pgn] ufpFdf k|rlnt tfdfª vfgfnfO{ ;x/ df leœofpg] ;f] r agfP . clg ^ df3 )&% df v'Nof] … tfdfª s'bfk / i] 6'/ G] 6 .Ú sf7df8f}s + f] : joDe' r} To glhs} lah] Zj/ Lsf] t] dfn rf] sdf v'n s ] f] / i] 6'/F fdf bh{g

lsl;dsf tfdfª kl/ sf/ kfS5 . pgLx¿n] tfdfª kl/ sf/ a] Rg] lxDdt u/ ] . t/ , ahf/ s: tf] xf] nf eGg] v'Nb'nL lyof] . u|fxssf] / fd|f ] dfu b] v /] pgLx¿ pT;flxt 5g\ . / i] 6'/F fdf tfdfª kl/ sf/ dfq} a] lrFb g} , dd, rfpldg, sf] N8 l8«S+ ; / dlb/ f klg lalqm ul/ G5 . g] kfnL bfneft / l9F8f] ;] 6 klg lgs} : jflbnf] 5 . tfdfª kl/ sf/ vfFbf 6jfSs lha|f ] / ;fpg] , / l;nf] , cldnf] x'G5 . / i] 6'/ G] 6df vfhf ;] 6 t kfOG5 g} , nf] sn cfO/ s -/ S;L_ / yf] ª; \ ] -: GofS;_ klg kfOG5 . l;: gs ' f] ;'k klg kfOG5 . sltko kl/ sf/ l;hg] jn x'G5g\ . ufpF3/ lt/ af6} cuf{lgs vfBfGg NofP/ agfpg] ul/ Psf] aDhg ;'gfpF5g\ . o;/ L tfdfª s'bfk / i] 6'/ G] 6n] k/ Dk/ fut vfgf k|j4{g ul/ / x s ] f] 5 . tfdfª kl/ sf/ sf] ;] km pTkfbg ug] { p;sf] nIo 5 . / i] 6'/F fdf Ps} k6s !^ hgf a;] / vfglkg ug{ ;S5g\ . d] g' dx+uf] 5} g, %% b] lv @ ;o ?k} ofFdf kl/ sf/ kfOG5 . / i] 6'/F fdf tLg hgf / f h ] uf/ 5g\ . d] nf, kj{ jf s'g } sfo{qmdsf nflu vfgf c8{/ cfpFbf ;xof] uL ylkG5 . / i] 6'/F f laxfg & ah] b l] v a] ns ' L ( ah] ;Dd v'N5 . kl/ sf/ x¿ lbu' ;] 6– o;df pl;gsf] slnnf] ds} sf]

;]nf] ufos

km"ns'df/ aDhg : yflkt ufos x'g \ . tfdfª ;]n f] / nf] suLtaf6 rlr{t 5g\ pgL . )^& ;fnb]l v ufpg yfn] sf pgsf b'O{ bh{g uLt / s

] 8{ 8] 5g\ . : jb] zdf dfq xf] Og, sf] l/ of, ef/ t / b'aO{;Dd k'u /] uLt ufO;s] sf 5g\ . uLt n] vg / df] 8lnªdf ;d] t ;lqmo aDhg snf / ko{6gnfO{ ;fy;fy} cl3 a9fpg rfxG5g\ . ;Dks{ M (*$!#!)&##

6'qmf, rfdnsf] lk7f] af6 ag] sf] / f 6] L, sf] bf] jf kmfk/ sf] lk7f] d'5 /] kfgLdf ksfOPsf] cn'd, crf/ / uxtsf] emf] n x'G5 . ;] 6 vfFbf k] 6 el/ G5 . o;df l;nfd / uf] ne]8 + fsf] r6gL x'G5 . u] ª– tfdfª efiffdf u] ªsf] cy{ … / f 6] LÚ xf] . kmfk/ jf sf] bf] sf] / f 6] L x'G5 . lrNnf] gvfg] nfO{ ;'Vvf / lrNnf] dg k/ fpg] nfO{ 3\o" jf t] ndf / fv] / agfOG5 . clg uf] ne] 8f jf l;nfdsf] r6gL;Fu lbOG5 . cn'd– sf] bf] jf kmfk/ sf] lk7f] d'5 /] ;–;fgf 8Nnf agfOG5 . To;nfO{ z'4 kfgLdf pdflnG5 . kfs] kl5 l;nfd jf uf] ne] 8fsf] r6gL;Fu lbOG5 . vfFbf ld7f] / cfl8nf] x'G5 . km'nf} / f –] kmfk/ sf] lk7f] d'5g\ ] . To;nfO{ 8Nnf] agfpg] / t] ndf km'/ fpg] . clg uxt, d: ofª of af] 8Lsf] emf] n;Fu lbOG5 . uf] ne] 8f jf l;nfdsf] r6gL;Fu klg vfg ;lsG5 . ds} lkª– xl/ of] b"w ] ds} pl;g] / crf/ ;uF vfOG5 . g'g÷v';f{gL;Fu ;fFw /] vfFbf : jflbnf]

x'G5 . a] df} ;dL ds} kfOg] ePsfn] jif}e { l/ / i] 6'/F fn] ds} lkª a] R5 . a'h–' rfdnsf] eft d'5 /] 8Nnf] kfl/ G5 .

To;nfO{ ljleGg cfs[ltsf] agfOG5 . clg nf] sn s'v/' fsf] ;'k;Fu rf] Kb} vfOG5 . ;d"xdf c8{/ u/ d] f dfq / i] 6'/F fn] of] kl/ sf/ agfpF5 . k'jf– ds} jf sf] bf] sf] lk7f] nfO{ xNsf kfgL 5Ds] / df]n k] l5 s/ fO{df 3\o" jf t] n / fv] / k|mfO{ ul/ G5 . : jfb cg';f/ g'g jf lrgL / flvG5 . / , emf] n crf/ jf t/ sf/ L;Fu lbOG5 . ds} df] 7 –] e'6 s ] f] ds} / e6df; ;] 6 xf] ds} df] 7 ] . ;] 6df ;fFw s ] f] u'Gb|s ' ;lxt lbOG5 . ufpF3/ lt/ Ps a6'sf] 5fg] sf] hfF8 ;lxt vfOG5 . t/ ;x/ sf] / i] 6'/F fdf hfF8 a] Rg] cg'dlt 5} g . lt: of– h+unL sGbd'n lu7f lttf] x'G5 . o;nfO{ v/ fgL / fv] / pl;lgG5 . lt: of vfFbf k] 6 ;kmf x'G5 . To;afx] s / i] 6'/F fn] pl;g] sf] lkF8fn' / t?n klg a] R5 . o;df g'g–v';f{gLsf] r6gL x'G5 .

57

klx/g

g]kfnLkg, g]kfnL dg bf}/f–;'?jfn / 9fsf 6f]kLdf 7fFl6g] o'jfsf] ;+Vof lbgfg'lbg a9\b} 5 . :jb] zdf dfq xf]Og, ljb]zdf ;d]t g] kfnL klx/gsf] dfu a9L 5 .

—xftn] a'g s ] f] k"j n ]{ L 9fsfsf] 6f] kL —;] G6«n h] ndf xftn] a'lgPsf] v2/ af6 kf6gdf l;nfOPsf] ;'?jfn / sldh —g] kfnL df] 6f] v2/ af6 7d] ndf l;nfOPsf] Hofs] 6 —g] kfndf ag] sf] ;fa/ sf] a'6

j

l/ i7 ;~rf/ sd{L e'if0f bfxfnn] cfkm\gf] tl: a/ ;lxt dflysf k+lQm n] v /] Ps lbg 6\jL6 u/ ] . g] kfnLkgsf] k| d] emNsfpg] tl: j/ / efjgfn] w] / n } fO{ efj's agfof] . sltn] To;nfO{ l/ 6j\ L6 u/ ] . clg sltn] nfOs 7f] lslbP . bfxfn h: tf ;] lnla|6L dfq xf] Og, ;a} k] zf jf Joj;fodf ;fd] n tGg] / Lx¿ dfem g] kfnsf] df} lns kf] zfs df] x a9\b } uPsf] 5 . of] ;'vb va/ xf] . ;do rSs/ nfO/ xG5 . 3'Db} lkmb{ } k'/ fg} km] zgn] dxTj kfPsf] 5 clxn] . ljjfx, a|taGw tyf s'g } klg kj{df 9fsfsf] bf} / f–;'?jfn nufpg] x¿sf] ;+Vof 7"nf] b] lvG5 . s] xL jif{ cl3;Dd ljjfxdf a] xn ' fn] sf] 6kfOG6 nufPsf] b] lvGYof] . cr] n t hGtLx¿df ;d] t bf} / f–;'?jfnsf] qm] h a9] sf] 5 . bf} / f–;'¿jfn g] kfndf dfq xf] Og, ef/ tsf l;lSsd / bflh{lnª nufotdf nufOg] kf] zfs xf] . ;lbof}b + l] v kxf8L e] udf a9L k|of] u x'bF } cfPsf] kf] zfs . To;dfly sf] 6 / lz/ df 9fsf jf efbufpFn ] 6f] kL klg nufpg] rng 5 . lj;+ !^*) sf] bzsdf l;l4g/ l;+x dNnn] Pp6f / v ] flrqdf t'gf afFw s ] f] kf] ;fs klx/ s ] f 5g\ . c¿ cgluGtL dNnsfnLg d"lt{df klg of] kf] ;fs b] lvG5 . !% b] lv @) xhf/ jif{cl3 n] lvPsf] CUj] b / To;kl5sf] cyj{j b] df kf] ;fsaf] ws b|fkL zAb 5 . o;nfO{ efiosf/ x¿n] Snf] s … na] bf;/ xsf] Ú x'GYof] eg] sf 5g\ . b|fkLaf6 bf} / f ePsf] dflgG5 . nfdf] afx'nf ePsf] / cufl8 5fltdf b'O{ km] / u/ L b'j l} t/ t'gf afFWg ldNg] s'db] lv 3'8F f;Ddsf] x'G5 bf} / f .

58

of] bfofFafofF sNnL ufF; /] 3'dfp/ f ] km] / kfl/ Psf] , bfofF / afofFsf tndfly rf/ 7fpF t'gf afFlwg] , bf] a/ L kf/ /] jf s7fnf] / km] / sf leqk§L 5] pdf ;] K6L nufP/ l;OPsf] x'G5 . o;df cf7j6f t'gf x'G5g\ . tL t'gf rf/ 7fpFdf afFlwG5g\ . bf} / f;Fu ;'¿jfn, 6f] kL / O: 6sf] 6 nufOG5 . olt s'/ f nufPsf dflg;nfO{ g] kfnL eg] / lrGg ;lhnf] x'G5 . / fli6«o kf] ;fssf ¿kdf nufOg] bf} / f ;'?jfn cr] n km] ;gsf ¿kdf klg nf] slk|o x'g yfn] sf] 5 . ljz] if u/ /] ljjfx, kf: gLh: tf pT;jdf bf} / f–;'?jfn nufpg] rng clgjfo{ h: t } aGb} uPsf] 5 . cem ljb] zdf a;] sf g] kfnLn] cfkm\gf] klxrfgsf nflu eGb} 9fsfsf] sk8f g] kfnaf6 dufpg] u/ s ] f 5g\ . ljjfxdf b'nfxfn] dfq geP/ ;l/ s x'g ] k'?ifx¿ ;a} n ] bf} / f ;'?jfn k|of] u ug{ ] rng a9\b } hfFbf dlxnf klg 9fsfs} klx/ gdf b] lvg yfn] sf 5g\ . o;n] Jofkf/ df kmfObf k'u s ] f] Jofkf/ Lsf] cg'ej 5 . sf7df8f}s + f] afË] d9' fdf ljut % bzsb] lv bf} / f ;'¿jfnsf] Jofkf/ ub{ } cfPsf ljZj ah|frfo{sf cg';f/ k~rfotsfndf x'g ] em} + cr] n Jofkf/ km: 6fPsf] 5 . … Tolta] nf g] kfnL 9fsf tyf kf] zfssf] Jofkf/ 7"nf] lyof] , aLrdf s] xL ;': t ePsf] o;sf] Jofkf/ lxhf] cfh km] / L rlDsPsf] 5 . Ú o'jfdf a9\bf] / fli6«otf df] x, ;ef–;df/ f x] df hfFbf ljz] if klx/ gsf ¿kdf g] kfnL bf} / f–;'?jfnsf] k|of] un] klg Jofkf/ rlDsPsf] xf] . / fhgLltdf / fli6«otfsf] d'2fn] : yfg hdfpFb} uPkl5 / fli6«o kf] ;fssf] Jofkf/ n ] ;d] t tLj|tf kfPsf] 5 . ;/ sf/ n ] klg bf} / f;'?jfn / ;f8L–rf] nf] nfO{ k'gM / fli6«o kf] zfssf ?kdf dfGotf lbPsf] 5 . ;/ sf/ n ] cf} krfl/ s ?kdf cfof] hgf u/ s ] f sfo{qmddf k'¿ifsf nflu nj] bf–;'?jfn / dlxnfsf nflu ;f8L–rf] nf] clgjfo{ ?kdf nufpg'kg{] k|fjwfg NofPsf] 5 . tTsflng k|wfgdGqL afa'/ fd e§/ fO{n ] @)^* ;fndf dlGqkl/ ifb\ a} 7saf6 lg0f{o u/ fP/ / fli6«o kf] zfssf] ;"rLaf6 bf} / f;'?jfn / ;f8L–rf] nf] nfO{ x6fpFb} g] kfndf nufOg] ;a} kf] zfsnfO{ / fli6«o kf] zfs 3f] if0ff u/ s ] f lyP . pgsf] lg0f{osf] rf} tkm{L cfnf] rgf ePsf] lyof] . … b z ] cg';f/ sf] e] if ! hLjgdf klxnf] k6s bf} / f;'¿jfn nufP/ v;afx'No s0f{fnL ] f pg} k|b z ] k|j z ] ul/ of] !Ú hfh/ sf] 6 k'u s k"jk{ w| fgdGqL Pj+ gofFzlQm kf6L{sf g] tf afa'/ fd e§/ fO{n ] bf} / f ;'?jfn nufPsf] cfkm\ gf] tl: a/ ;fdflhs ;~hfndf xfn] .

To;kl5 pgsL kTgL Pj+ gofF zlQm kf6{Ls} g] t[ lxl;nf odLn] klg e§/ fO{;uF lvlrPsf] cfkm\gf] tl: a/ k| l] ift ub{ } n] lvg\, … d /] f ] v; >Ldfg\ afa'/ fd e§/ fO{ lhGbuLdf klxnf] k6s bf} / f ;'?jfn nufP/ v;fg k|b z ] s0f{fnL k: b +} !Ú hfh/ sf] 6af6 k| l] ift tL tl: a/ / ;Gb] zn] g] kfndf nf] slk|o ;fdflhs ;~hfn

km] ;a's / l6\j6/ ttfP . cfkm" k|wfgdGqL ePsf a] nf / fli6«o kf] zfsaf6 bf} / f ;'¿jfnnfO{ ;fdGtL kf] zfs eGb} x6fPsf afa'/ fdn] cfkm}n + ] bf} / f ;'?jfn nufPkl5 ;fdflhs ;~hfn k|of] ustf{x¿n] To;af/ ] ljleGg vfnsf l6Kk0fL ul/ / x s ] f 5g\ . s;} n ] e§/ fO{kl| t JoËo u/ s ] f 5g\ eg] s;} n ] pgsf] cfnf] rgf g} . t/ pgnfO{ bf} / f ;'¿jfn ;lhnf] nfUof] . klxn] ;fgf] 5Fbf ef] 6f] / bf} / f nufPsf pgn] bf} / f–;'?jfnrflxF klxnf] rf] l6 nufPsf] x'g\ / ] . hf8f] w] / } x'g ] 7fpFdf k'Ubf klg Gofgf] nfu] sfn] nufpg ;xh ePsf] pgn] k|ltlqmof lbPsf 5g\ . … g k] fnL kf] zfs eGgfn] g] kfnL gful/ sn] nufpFb } cfO/ x s ] f] dlxnfsf] lgldQ h'g;'s } z} nLsf] rf] nf] –;f8L / h'Qf;lxtsf] kf] zfs / k'?ifsf lgldQ ;] tf] / u+ sf] nj] bf–;'?jfn, v}/f]–sfnf] sf] 6, efbufpFn ] 6f] kL / 5fnfsf] sfnf] h'Qf ;Demg'kg{ ] 5,Ú u[x dGqfnon] hf/ L u/ s ] f] lj1lKtdf elgPsf] 5 . g] kfnL o'jfdf olt;Dd bf} / f ;'?jfn / 9fsf 6f] kLsf] dxTj a9] sf] 5 ls, : jM: km"t{ ?kdf … / fli6«o kf] zfs lbj; Ú dgfpg yfn] sf 5g\ . x/ s ] jif{sf] k'; !& ut] cy{ft\ c+u h ]| L gofF jif{sf] lbgnfO{ g] kfnL kf] zfs lbj;sf ?kdf dgfpFb } sf7df8f} + nufot b] zsf ljleGg 7fpFdf o'jfn] k/ Dk/ fut kf] zfs nufP/ k|bz{g tyf emfFsL lgsfNg yfn] sf 5g\ . n08gdf a: g ] / fhs'df/ yfkf : jb] zL klx/ gdf / dfpg rfxG5g\ . pgn] ev{/ } sf7df8f}d + f / x s ] f cfkmGtdfkm{t bf} / f– ;'?jfn dufP . df} lns kf] ;fs eP klg pgsf] / f h ] fO{ eg] cfw'lgs z} nLdf 5 . bf} / f–;'?jfndf s] xL df] l8kmfO ul/ Psf l8hfOg pgL ?rfpF5g\ . o'jf k': tfsf] rfxgf cg'sn " df} lns klx/ gsf] z} nLdf klg kl/ jt{g cfO/ x s ] f] eGb} l8hfOg/ lg¿ lnDa' cfª\aª ' n] o;nfO{ : jfefljs dfg] ls l5g\ . pgL df} lns klx/ g klg ;do;fk] If df] l8kmfO x'gk' g{ ] wf/ 0ff / flV5g\ . Psflt/ k'Vof}n { L klxrfg, csf{lt/ To;sf] Joj;foLs/ 0f . oL b'a } r'gf} tL Ps;fy kf/ ug{ df} lnstf dfcfw'lgstf ld;fpg'kg{ ] pgsf] ts{ 5 . k/ Dk/ fk|lt o'jfx¿sf] df] xnfO{ l8hfOgdf cfPsf] kl/ jt{g;Fu } xft} n ] a'g s ] f] 9fsfsf klx/ gsf] dfu a9] sf] 5 . gL¿ lqmol6e l8hfOg/ x'g \ . ahf/ df kf] ln: 6/ b l] v ;'tL;Ddsf bf} / f–;'?jfn kfOG5 . oBkL vf8Lsf] / fdf] dflgG5 . klZrdL ;+: sl[ tn] ufFh s ] f] xfd|f ] d'ns ' df s] xL jif{otf 6« 0] 8L o'jfn] df] l8kmfO8 klx/ g ?rfPsf] b] lvG5 . ;fdfGotM g] kfnL / fli6«o kf] ;fssf] d"No @% ;o ?k} ofF b] lv ! nfv ?k} ofF;Dd k5{ . sk8f / l;nfOsf] u'0f: t/ n ] d"No km/ skm/ s kg{ hfG5 . kl5Nnf] ;do bf} / f;'?jfnsf] dfu a9] klg bIf hgzlQm sd ePsf] Joj;foLsf] b'v ; ] f] 5 . h] xf] ;, g] kfnLkgdf 7fFl6Fb 5 } gofF k': tf .

afa'/ fd e§/ fO{\, k"j{ k|wfgdGqL

59

klx/g

xft}n] a'gs ] f]

t]xy| d' ] 9fsf

60

s'

g} klg sfd gofF 9Fun] u/ d] f ;kmntf ldN5 . To: t } eof] lqmol6e l8hfOg/

gL¿ cfªa'ª lnDa"sf] hLjgdf klg . pgL 9fsf sk8faf6 cfw'lgs z} nLsf klx/ g agfpFl5g\ . k/ Dk/ f / cfw'lgstfsf] km\oh " g x'bF f tL / fd|f b] lvG5g\ . nlntk'/ sf] gVvLkf] 6df … t x] y| d' ] 9fsf a'l6s Ú rnfpFb } cfPsL pgnfO{ u|fxssf] c8{/ l6Kg / 8] lne/ L lbg EofO{ gEofO{ x'G5 . cem pgn] l8hfOg u/ s ] f sk8f ld; g] kfn, EjfO; ckm g] kfn, ld; lnDa" cflb l/ ofln6L zf] sf k|lt: klw{x¿n] nufpg yfn] kl5 pgsf] rrf{ r'lnPsf] 5 . pgn] l8hfOlgªsf] sIff lnPsL 5} gg\ .

OG6/ g 6] nfO{ cfkm\gf] u'¿ dflG5g\ . / fte/

OG6/ g 6] df ljleGg l8hfOg x] / /] , a'em] / pgn] cfkm\g } l8hfOg tof/ kf/ s ] L x'g \ .

Ps ;do 9fsfaf6 rf] nL, vf: 6f], 6f] kL, dkmn/ , unaGbL / k;{ dfq agfOGYof] . cr] n w] / } vfn] l8hfOg ul/ G5 . … klxnf lglZrt hfltdf l;ldt lyof] Ú, gL¿ elG5g\, … cr] n ;a} dfem nf] slk|o 5 . Ú klxnf rf] nf] , 6f] kL, ;n dfq agfpFlyg\ . cr] n jfglk;, ufpg, n] xu+ f, ;f/ L–Anfph, : s6{, Hofs] 6, j] : 6sf] 6, l6;6{, ;6{, 6«fph/ , bf} / f;'?jfn cflb agfpFl5g\ . … oj' f, j[4 ;a} sf nflu km/ s–km/ s l8hfOg u5{ ,' lnDa"n ] elgg\ … g k] fnLkgdf hf] 8 lbG5'. Ú 9fsfaf6 klx/ g dfq} geO{ s';g se/ , kbf{, N ofk6k Aofu, h'Qf, k;{, Aofunufot ;fdfu|L klg pTkfbg ul/ G5 . : jb]z df dfq xf] Og, ljb] ;df ;d] t pgsf ;fdfg lgo{ft ul/ G5 . xªsª, o's ,] l;+ufk'/ / cd] l/ sfaf6 a9L dfu cfpF5 . pgL u[xlhNnf t] xy| d' af6} 9fsf lemsfpFl5g\ . a'l6sdf tLg hgf ;xof] uL / fv] sL l5g\ . pgsf] k|rf/ sf] d'Vo dfWod ;fdflhs ;~hfn g} x'g \ .

d"No slt k5{ tfuf d]VnL– ;f/L– 6f]kL– sf]6– lsl/ª – l;nfd ;fSdf – y}nL – 6fO – h'xf/L sf]6 – n]xËf rf]nL – vfbf –

l;hg x]/ /] dfl;s & nfvb] lv !) nfv ?k} ofF;Dd sf/ f j] f/ ul5{g \ . … la: tf/ } ;f] ¿d a9fpg] nIo 5 Ú, pgn] elgg\, … ef6e6] gLh: tf ;'k/ dfs{ 6] df / fv] / a] Rg] 5' . Ú plxn] plxn] … lnDa"sf] 9fsf Ú elgGYof] . cr] n g]k fnLsf] elgG5 . 9fsfsf] ahf/ a9fpg] pgL;Fu Pp6f cfOl8of 5– / fi6«klt, k|wfgdGqL, dGqL tyf ;]l na| 6] Lx¿n] 9fsf nufpg] xf] eg]

pgsf pTkfbg / l8hfOg tfuf, d] VnL, sf] 6 ;f8L, 6f] kL, 6fO{, k5\of} / f, dkmn/ , ¿dfn, jfn] 6 j] i6 sf] 6, h'jf/ L sf] 6, bf} / f ;'¿jfn, l;nfd ;fSdf, ;6{, nª sf] 6, n] xu +] f rf] nL, jfg lk;, s'tf{ ;njf/ , ufpg, cfp6/ , 9fsf af] 8/{ hh{ 6] ;f/ L, d] VnL, ufpg, ls l/ ª, l;nfd ;fSdf lk|G6] 8 pmgLsf] emf] nf, 9fsf lk|G6] 8 ;f/ L cflb .

%))) b]lv @),))) &,))) b]lv @%,))) %)) b]lv ^,))) %,))) b]lv !#,))) @%) !)) @)) %)) !%)) b]lv #%)) !@,%)) b]lv dfly %))

PsfPs ahf/ a9L xfN5 . km] zgsf] b'lgofFdf pgsf] cfudgsf] syf / fr ] s 5 . t] xy| d' af6 pRr lzIff lng !$ jif{cl3 sf7df8f} +em/ s ] L lyOg\ pgL . k9fO{;uF } sfd klg ug{k' g{ ] afWotf lyof] . To;}n ] Ao"6Lkfn{/ df sfd l;Sg yflng\ .

ToxfF l;ls/ x s ] f a] nf ljb] zdf a;] sf cfkmGtn] … t x] y| d' sf] 9fsf lsg] / k7fOb] p eGg yfn] . pgL l8NnLahf/ uP/ 9fsfsf ;f/ L / rf] nL lsg] / k7fpFlyg\ . t] xy| d' sf] eg] / d] l;gn] a'g s ] f] 9fsf kf] / x 5 ] Tof] ! pgn] Jo"6Lkfn{/ sf] 1fg lnPkl5 cfkm} + kfn{/ vf] lng\ . clg 3/ uPsf a] nf 9fsfsf ;f/ L, s'tf{, 6f] kLnufot ;fdfg lnP/ cfOg\ . tL ;fdfgsf] dfu a9\b } uPkl5 pgn] 9fsf k;n vf] Ng] lg0f{o lnOg\ . … Ps hgf ;fyL / d ldn] / kfn{/ ;uF } t] xy| d' ] 9fsf k;n vf] Nof} Ú+ , pgn] ;'gfOg\, … xfdLn] 6] n;{ klg / fVof} +. clg bf} /f ;'?jfn klg l;nfpg yfNof} + . Ú pgsf] dfu a9\b } uof] / cfh ;Ddflgt Joj;foL aGg k'lug\ . o;/ L ldlxg] t u/ ] : jb] zd} ;"g kmnfpg ;lsG5 eGg] pbfx/ 0f algg\ gL¿ .

61

;+uLt

lxlnª Do"lhs dgsf] pkrf/ df lxlnª afpn, ‰ofnL / 3G6Lsf] k|of] u ul/ G5 . la: tf/ } g] kfnL dfem klg of] nf] slk|o x'bF 5 } .

;+

;f/ df pkrf/ ug] { cg] sf} + dfWod 5g\ . ;+uLtaf6 klg pkrf/ ug{ ;lsG5 . ljz] iftM lg/ fzfaf6 dfG5] nfO{ cfzfjfbL agfpg ;+uLtn] d2t ub{5 . dgsf] pkrf/ df lxlnª afpn, ‰ofnL / 3G6Lsf] k|of] u x'g ] afhf ljz] if1 atfpF5g\ . lxlnª df: 6/ ;'lbk nD;fnsf cg';f/ dfOu| g] , l8k| ; ] g, 3'8F f b'vfO{ / ;'Tg] ;d: of ePsfnfO{ lxlnª afpnsf] k|of] un] kmfObf k'U5 . lxlnª afpnnfO{ cr] n l;+luª afpn elgG5 .

7"nf] srf} / fnfO{ 6fpsf] df / fv] / 8«dl: 6sn] 7f] Sbf dL7f] w'g;Fu } t/ u+ pTkGg x'G5 . t/ u+ ;Fu } OghL{ cfpF5 . To;n] pkrf/ df ;xof] u k'U5 . srf} / f cfsf/ sf] 7"nf] af6fleq 6] s /] 8«dl: 6sn] 7f] Sbf k'/ } z/ L/ nfO{ kmfObf k'U5 . Ps ;ftf;Ddsf] k|of] un] / f u] lgsf] x'g ] nD;fn atfpF5g\ .

62

lxlnª afpn ljleGg cfsf/ df kfOG5 .

To;df Wofgsf] ;+s t] : j?k cf] d dl0f kb\d] x'F n] lvPsf] x'G5 . tfdf, l6g, ln8, kmnfd, ;'g, rfFbL / ds{/ Lsf] k|of] u u/ /] #)) l8u|L tfkqmddf / fv] / lk6] kl5 srf} / fsf] ?kdf 9flnG5 . o;sf] d"No # xhf/ b l] v ^) xhf/ ?k} ofF;Dd k5{ .

To: t } ljleGg rf8kj{df ahfOg] ‰ofnL afhfsf] k|of] uaf6 dgdf Psfu|tf x'gs ' f ;fy} dgsf] kL8f zfGt x'G5 . u'0f: t/ cg';f/ % ;ob] lv !) xhf/ ?k} ofF;Dd k5{ hf] 8f ‰ofnLsf] . csf] { / fd|f ] afhf xf] 3G6L . 3G6L ahfpFbf dg Psfu| x'G5 . cfTdLo cfgGb ldN5 . ufpF3/ lt/ 3G6L / z+v ahfPdf e"tk| t] efU5g\ eGg] ljZjf; 5 . laxfg / a] n'sL 3G6L ahfpg' a]; x'G5 . ljb] zdf lxlnª afpn, 3G6L / ‰ofnLsf] ahf/ a9\b 5 } . hd{gdf of] ;fp08 y] / fkL / ;fp08 d;fhsf ?kdf nf] slk|o 5 . la: tf/ } Plzog d'ns ' df ;d] t o;n] VoftL sdfpFb 5 } . … g k] fnL dfem klg lxlnª afpn nf] slk|o aGb} 5Ú , ljut $) jif{b l] v lxlnª Do"lhsdf ;+nUg nD;fnn] eg] . pgL lxlnª afpnsf pTkfbs klg x'g \ . kf6gdf 5 pgsf] k;n / sf/ vfgf . kf6g b/ af/ : Sjfo/ af6 @ ldg] 6 aËnfd'lvlt/ nfUbf … kf6g / f o] n Sofkm] Ú cfpF5 . To;s} e'OtF nfdf pgsf] … ltAaltog l;+luª afpn ;] G6/ Ú 5 . sf/ vfgf rflxF rfs'kf6df 5 .

ToxfF @$ hgf sfd u5{g \ . cfkm\gf] k;n / ljb] zsf] dfu wfGg pgnfO{ EofO{ gEofO{ 5 .

63

sf];]nL

d]8 Og g]kfn

64

x]

bf{ / fd|f, ] af] Sbf ;lhnf] / lbgx'F k|of]u x'g ] ;fdfg ?rfpF5g\ ko{6s . o: t } x: tsnf pTkfbg u5{ … d l] / gf] O08l: 6« k|flnÚ n + ] . e] 8fsf] pmgaf6 agfOG5 ;fdfg . u'0f: t/ / cfsf/ cg';f/ ;fdfgsf] d'No %) ?k} ofF b] lv * xhf/ ?k} ofF;Dd k5{ . ci6]l « nofaf6 cfoft ul/ Psf] e] 8fsf] pmgaf6 u'l8of, hgfa/ , k+5L, h'Qf, k;{, 6f] kL, Dof6, Aofu, ;n, ls– l/ ªnufot !%) yl/ sf ;fdfg pTkfbg u5{ sDkgLn] . z/ L/ df nufpg] / 3/ df ;hfpg] ;fdfg . p;sf] sf/ vfgf sf7df8f}s + f] dgd} hd' f 5 . ToxfF ^) hgf sfd u5{g . d] l/ gf] sf k|aGw lgb]z { s ;ljg kf} 8 n ] sf cg';f/ sf/ vfgfdf pTkflbt ;fdfg 7d] nl: yt cfkm\g } cfp6n] 6 / cGo k;ndf ljlqm ul/ G5 . Tolt dfq xf] Og, cd] l/ sf, hfkfg, o'/ f k] , rLg, ci6]l «nof cflb d'ns ' df ;d] t lgof{t ul/ G5 . ko{6g Joj;foL kf} 8 n ] n] ;g\ @))% df d] l/ gf] ;'? u/ s ] f lyP . sRrfkbfy{ ljb] zL ePtfklg >d, ;Lk / l8hfOg g] kfnL xf] . x: tsnfsf] dfu a9\b } hfFbf pgL xf} l;Psf 5g\ . pgsf clwsf+z u|fxs ljb] zL x'g \ . g]k fnL klg o;df cfslif{t x'bF 5 } g\ .

;+u|xfno

hftLo km"naf/L e[s6' Ld08kl:yt g]kfn ko{6g af]8s { f] ejgdf /x]sf] hftLo ;+ux| fnonfO{ ldlg g]kfnsf ?kdf a'‰g ;lsG5 .

g]

kfn ax'hflt, ax'efifL, ax'wfld{s / ax';f+:s l[ ts d'ns ' xf] . ToxL ljljwtf Ps} ynf] df emNsfpg sf7df8f}s + f] e[s6' Ld08kl: yt g] kfn ko{6g af] 8s { f] ejgdf … g k] fn / fli6«o hftLo ;+ux| fnoÚ ;~rflnt 5 . hxfF ljleGg hfthfltsf] snf, hLjgz} nL / ;+: sl[ tsf] emns kfOG5 . af] 8s { f] klxnf] tnfsf] b'O6{ f k|bz{gL xndf ljleGg ;fdfu|L ;hfOPsf] 5 .

Pp6fdf hfthfltsf ;f+: sl[ ts j: tx' ¿sf] k|bz{g ul/ Psf] 5 eg] csf]d {f hftLo ;d'bfosf] hLjgz} nL emNsfOPsf] 5 . hfthfltsf 3/ , ;fdfu|L / ltgsf 8dL k|bz{gdf / flvPsf 5g\ . ;+ux| fnodf @) hfltsf ;f+: sl[ ts j: t' k|bz{g ul/ Psf] 5 . tL hfltdf p/ fj, u'?ª, lwdfn, g] jf/ , afx'g, afx|ufpFn ,] r] kfª, 5GTofn,

tfdfª, ysfnL, yfdL, yf?, du/ , / fO{, / fp6], nfKrf, lnDa', r'Daf, z] kf{ / ;'gj' f/ 5g\ . ;+ux| fnodf Ps 3G6f ;lhn} ljtfpg ;lsG5 . ;fdfGotM laxfg !) ah] b l] v ck/ fGx % ah] ;Dd ;+ux| fno v'N5 . sd{rf/ L ;~h'sd' f/ L rf} w/ Lsf cg';f/ ;+ux| fno x] g{ g] kfnL ljBfyL{n] !% ?k} ofF / ljBfyL{ afx] sn] #) ?k} ofFsf] l6s6

sf6\g' k5{ . To;afx] s ;fs{ d'ns ' sf ljb] zLn] ;o ?k} ofF / cGon] b'O{ ;o ?k} ofF ltg'{ k5{ .

;Dks{ g] kfn / fli6«o hftLo ;+ux| fno e[s6' Ld08k, sf7df8f} + kmf] g M )!– $@##**%, $@%^()(

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;flxTo

/fh]z xdfnsf lk|o % k':ts

g]

kfnL lkmNd If] qdf Kof/ f ] / kl/ lrt gfd xf] – / fh] z xdfn . tLg bzs eO;Sof] pgsf] lkmNd ofqf . of] aLrdf pgn]] bz{ssf] k| d] dfq} sdfPgg\, ljleGg pkgfd klg sdfP . s;} sf nflu … / fh] z bfOÚ , s;} sf nflu … zs + / Ú t s;} sf nflu … dxfgfosÚ . / fh] z k9\g / 3'Dg klg cf} wL ?rfpF5g\ . hLjgdf tkfO{+ PS6/ gag] sf] eP s] aGg'x'GYof] xf] nf < pgn] d': s'/ fpFb} hjfkm lbP, … kSs} klg 6«fen/ aGy] F . 3'Dg] d] / f] ;fg} b] lvsf] ;f] v xf] . / , snfsf/ eP/ bf] xf] / f] kmfObf eof] . 3'Dg klg kfOof] . clego ug{ klg .Ú km";b{ x'gf;fy k': ts k9\g ?rfpF5g\ . 3/ df ¥ofse/ L k': ts 5g\ . … 7o\ fSs} s'g a]n f k9\5' eGg] 5} g . d]/ f ] Aofudf b'Ot{ Lgj6f k': ts ePs} x'G5g\ . km';b{ eof] ls lgsfn] / kl9xfN5',Ú pgn] eg] . pgL a9L bfz{lgs k': ts k9\g ?rfpF5g\ . hLjg bz{gsf k': ts a9L vf] H5g\ . hLjg hLpg l;sfpg] k': ts / f H] 5g\ . cfTdsyf klg p: t } rfvnfUbf] ul/ k9\b5g\ . eGb} lyP, … Pp6f dfG5] sf]

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;a} eGbf 7"nf] ?rLsf] s'/ f eg] sf] csf] { dfG5] xf] . dfG5] sf] Tof] eGbf 7"nf] ?rL s] xL x'g ;Sb}g . To;}n ] d ;kmn dfG5]s f cfTdsyf k9\g ?rfpF5 ' .Ú / fh] z cfkm"n ] k9\g] k': ts c?nfO{ ;] o/ ug{ ?rfpFb g} g\ . … dfG5]n ] slt ;lhn} ;uF eG5g\ Sof … bfO{ tkfO{;uF Tof] a's 5 eg] dnfO{ lbg';\ tÚ . Tolta] nf dnfO{ crDd nfU5,Ú pgn] eg] . pgsL dw' e§/ fO{;uF lax] x'g' c ' l3 k': ts;Fu } hf] l8Psf] / dfOnf] ls: ;f / x 5 ] . pgL ;lDemFb } lyP, … d d] / f ] lstfa x/ fPsf] l56f] yfxf kfOxfN5' . klxnf] kN6 dw' d] / f ] 3/ df cfpFbfsf] s'/ f xf] . 3/ af6 dnfO{ Psbd} dgkg]{ … Okm nfOkm Oh c u]d , lbh cf/ b ?N;Ú gfd u/ s ] f] k': ts x/ fof] . dgdf zflGt ePg . km] l/ k': ts x/ fpFbf dnfO{ csf] { k9\g dg nfUb}g . kl5 dw' bf]> f] 6fOd 3/ cfsf] a] nf k': ts x/ fof] eg] / ;'gfpFbf p;n] d} n ] nu] sf] lyPF eg] kl5 kf] rlst k/]+ .Ú pgnfO{ k|efj kf/]sf lk|o % k':ts pgs} zAbdf M

Okm nfOkm Oh c u] d, lbh cf/ b ?N; Go"of] s{ 6fOD;sL n] vs r] / L sf6{/ –: sf] 6{n] n] v] sf] k': ts xf] of] . pgL nfOkm sf] r klg x'g\ . olb hLjg Pp6f v] n xf] eg] kSs} / fd|f] v] n v] Ng lgodx¿ x'G5g\ . lt lgod s] x'g\ t < hLjgdf cfOkg] { r'gf} tL / pQ/ r9fj s;/ L ;fdgf ug] { t < k': tsn] o: t} s'/f l;sfpF5 . hLjg lhpg l;sfpF5 of] k':t sn] . dfG5] eg] sf] Psbd} k|ltlqmofjfbL x'G5 . cfkm"nfO{ ;lx 9+un] ljZn] if0f u/ / ] cl3 a9\g ;ls/ x] sf] x'Fbg} . oL ;a s'/ fsf l6K; k':t sdf 5 . df] / kf] lhl6e ly+l+ sª dnfO{ csf] {lk|o nfUg] k': ts xf] – … df] / kf] lhl6e ly+lsª M xfp 6' lqmP6 ] f] k': ts aflx/ af6 x] bf{ lgs} c km\or" / km/ of] / ; N] kmÚ . e] / f kfOkm/ n ] n] v s ;/ n b] lvG5 . t/ leq lgs} uxlsnf s'/ f 5g\ . hLjgnfO{ ;fy{s / ;'Gb/ agfpg dfG5]n ] s;/ L cfkm"df ;sf/ fTds ;f] r l jsf; ug'k{ 5{ < k': tsdf lk|o 9+un] ptfl/ Psf] 5 . hLGbuLdf cK; PG8 8fpG;x¿ w]/ } x'G5g\ t}k lg s;/ L dfly p7\g ;lsG5, s;/ L hLjgk|lt ;s/ fTds of] hgf agfpg ;lsG5, hLjgsf nIox¿ s;/ L k"/ f ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] k': tsn] l;sfpF5 . ddf ;s/ fTds ;f] r ljsf; u/ fpg of] k': tsn] pkof] uL e"ldsf v] n s ] f] 5 .

6] andf sk 5 eg] To;sf] dfq} rrf{ ub}g { , ToxfF rDrf s;/ L a;] sf] 5, jl/ kl/ sf dfG5] s;/ L a;] sf 5g\ nufot ;Dk'0f{ kl/ j z ] ptf/ s ] f] 5 . n]v fO{df sNkgf ePklg ef] ufO{ / efjgf emlNsPsf] 5 . To;f] ePkl5 x/ s ] kf7sn] o: tf k': tsnfO{ cfkm\gf] hLjg;Fu ln+s u/ /] k9\5 . xfp 6' d] l86] 6 lbdfudf x/ s ] lbg xhf/ f F} ;f] r cfpF5g\ . cg] s ;f] R5 dfG5] . ;f] r t xfd|f ] sG6«f n ] df x'bF g } t/ s'g ;f] rfO{af6 kl/ rflnt x'g ] Tof] rfFxL xfd|f] sG6«f n ] df x'g;S5 . lbdfudf t p6\k6\ofª / v/ fa ;f]r klg cfpF5g\ . t/ To: tf] ;f] rnfO{ tTsfn l8ln6 ul/ xfNg'k5{ . d] l86] 6;gn] s'g ;f] raf6 cfkm" kl/ rflnt x'g ] Tof] l;sfpF5 . ;f] r t ;Gtsf] klg ToxL xf] , af6f] df lxF8g\ ] dfG5] sf] klg . nf/ G] ; n] ;fgn] n] v s ] f] of] k': ts ;+;f/ e/ Psbd} w] / } ljqmL ePsf] 5 . d]l 86] 6 s;/ L ug] {eGg] l6K; of] k': tsdf 5 . of] k': tsnfO{ … b PSn] D8 ufO8 6' ;] Nkm l8: sf] e/ LÚ cyf{t\ cfTdvf] hsf nflu k|zl+ ;t k': ts klg dflgPsf] 5 .

a] glh/ e'§f] M 86/ ckm 8] l: 6gL dnfO{ dfG5]s f] hLjgk|lt Psbd} ?rL nfU5 . d} n ] k9] sf cfTdsyfdWo] kfls: tfgL / fhgLlt1 a] glh/ e'§f] sf] cfTdsyf dgk/ s ] f] xf] . pgsf hLjgsf ls: ;fx¿, pQ/ r9fjx¿ ;fFRr} rfvnfUbf 5g\ . x/ s ] dfG5] sf] hLjg;Fu s] xL g s] xL l;Sg] s'/ f x'G5 . leqaf6 vf] tNg] xf] eg] x/ s ] dfG5] cfkm+ d} f Pp6f k':t s xf] . p;sf s] xL s'/ f xfd|f] hLjg;Fu klg d] n vfO/ x s ] f] x'g;S5 . dfG5] n ] hLjgdf sltko s'/ f JoQm ug{ ;ls/ x s ] f] x'bF g } t/ ToxL s'/ f c?sf] hLjg k9\bf cfO/ x s ] f] x'G5 . h;sf/ 0f p;nfO{ c?sf] hLjgn] 5'G5, ToxfF p;n] cfkm"nfO{ klg kfpF5 . dfG5] Pp6f kl/ l: ytL / ljGb' lnP/ hlGdPsf] x'G5 t/ %) jif{ eO;Sbf p s'g ljGb'df k'U5 p;nfO{ g} yfxf x'bF g} . a] glh/ / fhgLlts kl/ jf/ df x'ss {] L dlxnf x'g \ . pgsf a'af klg / fhgLlt1 lyP h;nfO{ h] ndf d[To'b08 lbOPsf] lyof] . pgL / kl/ jf/ ;uF hf] l8Psf pQ/ r9fj k': tsdf 5g\ . hLjgdf cfOk/ s ] f r'gf} tLx¿nfO{ pgn] s;/ L ;fdgf ul/ g \ < Tof] klg k': tsdf pNn] v 5 . hLjg t ;a} sf] r'gf} tLk'0f{ g} x'G5 . t/ r'gf} tLnfO{ p;n] s;/ L ;fdgf u¥of] Tof] rfFxL dxTjk"0f{ x'G5 . sgf{nL An'h d} n ] k9] sf g] kfnL k': tsdWo] Psbd} dgk/ s ] f] xf] – … sgf{nL An'hÚ . a'4L;fu/ n ] n] v s ] f] of] lstfasf] efiff / k|:t t' L dL7f] 5 . lstfadf n] vsn] h'g kl/ l: ytL / kl/ j z ] lrq0f u/ s ] f 5g\ Tof] jf: tljs nfU5 . n] vfO{ Psbd} dgk¥of] . p;n] Pp6f

Churchill Complex, Sundhara, Kathmandu, Nepal Tel: 01-6210579, Fax: 01-4268107 email: pathibhara_2010@hotmail.com

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OGb|]0fL

%

s'/f sl/idf dfgGw/ cleg]qL k': ts M dnfO{ hLjgL / k| d] syf k9\g dg k5{ . hLjgLdf Pp6f dfG5] sf] ;+3if{ dfq xf] Og, Oltxf;, pm afFrs ] f] ;dfhsf] lrq, ;fdflhs Pj+ ;f+:s l[ ts jftfj/ 0f kfOG5 . kl5Nnf] tLg jif{ eg] d sIff * b] lv !) ;Ddsf] k9fO{df Jo: t ePsfn] sf] ;{ afx] ssf k': ts k9\g kfOg . d} n ] )&% sf] P;O{O{ k/ LIff lbPsL 5' . d}n

] sfdsf] l;nl;nfdf w] / } s'/ f l;s] + . hLjg a'em] + t/ , k9fO{ w] / } gePsfn] hlxn] klg cfkm"df zAbx¿sf] sdL kfpFy ] . To;}n ] km] / L : sn ' egf{ eP/ k9] sL x' F .

3'dlkm/ M

d k|sl[ tsf] k"hf/ L x' F . df6f] ;'3F g\ , af] 6lj?jf 5'g dg nfU5 . a/ f a] / kf]v / f k'lu/ xG5' . ToxfFsf] kfgL, lxdfn, h+un jftfj/ 0fn] df] xgL nufpF5 . g] kfnLkg dg k5{ .

To;} n ] ofqfdf g] kfnL ;+: sl[ tdf / dfpF5 ' . dnfO{ h'Dnfb] lv lxF8 /] } / f/ ftfn hfg dg 5 .

vfgf M

dnfO{ g]k fnL vfgf dg k5{ . bfneft, l9F8f] / t/ sf/ L . 3/ df ds} e6\df; / ux'F e'6 /] / fV5' . ds} e6df; xKtfdf tLg lbg gvfO{ lrQ a'‰b}g . dnfO{ d;fn]b f/ vfgf dg kb}g { . l; – km'8, df5f / ;fu;AhL dg k/ fpF5 ' . k]o kbfy{df ljo/ lkpF5 ' .

klx/ g M

d] / f ] a] : 6 klx/ g ;f/ L xf] . t/ , x/ s ] lbg nufpg ;lhnf] x'bF g} . d df}; d / kl/ l: ylt cg';f/ ;'xfpFlbnf] klx/ g u5' { . klx/ gn] JolQmTj emNsfpF5 . xfdLn] 6]0 « 8L aGg' k5{ . gofF l8hfOgn] n'S; gofF b] lvG5 g} , lkmln+U;df klg gofFkg cfpF5 . gofFkgn] v';L NofpF5 .

l;g] df M

d w] / } lsl;dsf rnlrq x] 5 {' . k| d] syfn] dnfO{ 5'G5 . nfO6 sd] 8L lkmNd klg dg k5{ . d}n ] xlnp8 / alnp8sf slt lkmNd bf] xf] ¥ofO{ t] x ¥] ofO{ x] / s ] L 5' . h: tf] ls 6fO6flgs .

To: t } l;nl;nf rnlrq klg bf] xf] ¥ofPsL 5' . dnfO{ Snfl;s lxGbL lkmNd klg dg k5{ . dnfO{ l/ oflnli6s lkmNddf cleog ug] {dg 5 .

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Get Featured on Yatra!

Love that view out the aircraft window? Do you photograph journeys of your travels? Are you an #AVGeek with a knack for plane spotting? If you ’ve answered YES to these questions, now is the chance to share your travel photos with our readers! Simply: • Tweet to us on Twitter by tagging us @airbuddha. We will be happy to share them with all our wonderful flyers!

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• Tag us on Instagram at @buddhaairnepal or use the hashtag #BuddhaAir or #BuddhaAirYatra • Email us your Buddha Air photos at yatra@buddhaair.com. You can even let us know your experience of flying with us.

These pictures were taken from Buddha Air flight from Kathmandu to Bharatpur on Feb 10 | Avash Karmacharya

df3 !& ut] sf7df8f}+af6 hgsk'/ hf“b} cleej cEo'bo |

Nimesh Karn

Our Family Return From Janakpur to Kathamndu from short trip of Janakpurdham on 17.03.2019. This is_my 7th flight in Buddha Air out of my 8th flight. | Anjan Thapa

This is my flight from Bhairwha to KTM | Sita Bohra

I was travelling from Biratnagar to Kathmandu | Ashwini Agarwal

Ktm to Bhairahawa | Sumu Acharya

By profession i am a tourism activist . It feels good be a part of Buddha Air traveller.

Safest and best airlines I ever encounter . Thank you! | Bijay Chhetri

With singer Astha Raut from Bhadrapur to KTM | Mohan Ghimire, Section Office, MOTCA

Best Photo

It was our first day of wedding. We flew from biratnagar to Kathmandu on 9 Feb 2019. | Dhirajan & Susmita

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For more information

+91 6289407962 / +91 840084001

Flights every Monday, Wednesday and Friday.

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Holiday packages for pashupatinath darshan,mountain views and more also available.

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