The California White and Sugar Pine Manufacturer's Association

-,--.^'n-ay lttryctiae four-p.age circular, the abozte named Assocation has set out clearly and, in a very interesting way, tha atms and purposes of their imstitution.

The bulletin also contai,ns much valuable i,nformation. reg ard,ing the Pi.nes of California. The circular is as follows:

Association Membership and Organization

-_ The pine lumber manufacturers of California and the Klamath. Falls, Oregon district, form our membership. This Association is not a sales organization. The mills halre ar_ sociated themselves togetheito promote efficiency in manu- facturing, grading, and the dijsemination of information pertaining to the proper uses of their product.

The annual lumber production of the California pine district is- approximatelt 1,500,000,000 board feet, divided about as follows:

California White Pine . 855 million feet

California Sugar Pine . . Z7O ..

California White Fir . .. z2S .. .(

California Douglas Fir . 90

California Incense Ceclar 30

Other species 30

Serv,ices

A trade extension department is maintained to assist architects, builders, manufacturers, dealers and consumers in all matters relating to the proper use of these woods. Architects and builders ".e requeited to write us for in_ formation relative to their uses ?or lumber or its re-worked products. All inquiries be promptly answered now affiliated with the kl1ds, grades and sizes crhc uses. addressed to the Association will by a competent wood technologist Association. He will advise the of lumber we recommend for spe-

Mills in this Association employ ho inspectors except graders of certified ability. The Association maintains in efficient corps of inspectors continually supervising and checking the work of the mill graders, thus insuring to purchasers of California pine products, lumber of unifbrm manufacture and quality.

Product Discussed

California Sugar Pine.

Constmction and fin,ish.

IJses

Doors, interior and exterior.

Window sash.

Window and door frames.

Interior finish and trim.

Interior panels.

Moldings.

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Ceilinc and partition.

Built-in cabinets, bookcases, tablcs, seats, shelving, etc.

Extcrior siding.

Exterior trim. Porch columns.

Sheathing.

Sub-flooring.

Framing.

Lath.

Farm buildings.

Concrete forms.

Boxes, crates.

Special Uses for Sugar Pine-California Sugar Pine is esp6cially valuable in t-hose parts of the build-ing that are exposed to extreme weather conditions, ls well as for certafn industrial purposes where the wood requirements are most rigid. The extremely fine characteristics of Sugar Pine malke it unsurpassed ind most desirable for the following special uses:

Patterns and flasks.

Tanks and silos.

Boat'decking.

Drafting tables.

Piano keys.

Organ pipes.

Textile machinery.

SuPPIY

Thirty-two billion feet of virgin California -Sugar Pine timber now stands in the region where'our mills operate. The annttal'production approximates 250 million board feet.

Reproduction and reforestation are adding to the su-pqly, and there is every assurance of an ample quantity -of this valuable lumber.ior two centuries, and probably forever.

Distribution

California Sugar Pine is available throughout the United States in the forms of yard lumber, special stock for patterns, etc., and as doors, sash ready-cut frames, trim, and millwork, an.l can be procured from retail lumbermen' iobbers, planing mills, and sash and door manufacturers' This Assbciatidn will glaCly furnish the names of dealers and manufacturers in your district who will fill your specifications for these woods.

Characteristics of Growth

Sugar Pine grows chiefly in the Sierra Nevadas of Californii, at elevitions of from 3,000 to 9,000 feet, depending on the latitude. Occasional small stands are also found in southern Oregon. The largest trees and heaviest stands are found in Cafifornia on the western slope of the Sierras.

Sugar Pinc is a monarch emong.trccL_t-EJIFj:!,-"1_.t,1: numc-rous oine famity. It has itall, straight frunk with c rich nuiola-brown or cinnamon-rcd bark. It grows, a rich purple-brown or cinnamon'red ordinarilv. from 150 to 175 feet hish an ordinarily,

'own cinnamon-rcd bark. lt grows' 175 fect high and from four !o lve feet in iiameter, though occasioisl specimens 230 fcet high and 12 fcet in diimctcr arc !ccn. The tree is exccptionally free from disease and this, as well as its large size, makes possible the production of large quantities of thick, wide lumber of high quality. The lumber produced from Sugar Pine trees can be seasoneil without checking or warping, which gives evidence of the excellent characteristics of the wood.

California Sugar Pine a True White Pine

Sugar Pine is, botanically and physically, a true white pine. In fact, it is one of the most -typical representaiives of the white pine group. It has five slender needles in each cluster, and the clusters occur in feathery tufts at the'ends of graceful branches, as do those of its eastern relative, the -White Pine of New England and the Lake States.

In cell structure Sugar Pine is also a white pine. The longitudinal cells are uniform in size and regularly spaced. The radial cells have smooth walls. There are no alternately hard and soft rings in the wood.

Tests on Sugar Pine made at the Forest Products Laboratory, operaied by the U. S. Government at Madison, Wisconsin, speak volubly of its excellence, and show it to be almost idintical in many of its most important qualities rvith the white pine of the east. In specific gravity it comes within 3-1000; in volumetric shrinkage from green to oven-dry, within % ol | /o ; in softness, as determined by compounding properties, it is within 7 74o; and in strength (as a beam or post) within 2/o. Such variations are less than might be expected between difierent samples of either rvood.

Vtfhat Forest Products Laboratory Tests proved About

From statistic, comp;letgit, ?i1" ".r.st products Laboratory of the United States Governmeht, at Madison, Wisconsin, cove^rin-g certain tests on qualities of woods, interesting p_roof of the relative high values of Sugar Fine is gathered.

Compared with a number of other woods. commerciallv used^ in quantities for the same purposes as Sugar pine, u'e hnd that these other woods run from I/o to S3/o heavier; that all but_one have much greater'shrinkage, ru.nning flrom 79/o to 5l/o more than Sular pine; and tfai rvhile several have about the same dJgree of softness, others are from 4O/o to nearly lW/o h*der, though stili being classed as softwoods.

From Bulle tin 426,a9:H3-il;rH".nt of Agriculture, we quote the following. as to the appearance of -Sugar pine: . "In exte-rnal appearance the wood of Sugar pine is strik_ ingly similar to that of eastern white pinJ(pinus strobus) and rvestern white pine (Pinus montilola).' The ""p*ood and heartwood are fairlv well defined : fhe former is rvhire lairly'well defined; the former is'white or yellowis! w-hite, the latter a very light brown, sometimes tinged with red......."

Other typical characteristics of Sugar pine are: 'fexture: Soft and workable.

Grain: Close, even and uniform.

Weight: Light.

Surface: Smooth, satiny.

Structure: Minute cells, regularly formed, evenly spaced.

.In.service, Sugar Pine has the following characteristics, rvhich makes it unusually valuable for Exterior and in_ terior finish, and for sash-doors and frames as well as for specialty purposes: l"\.r enamel and paint perfectly.

Non-rvarping, non-sw€lling, non-shrinking.

Non-checking.

Non-splitting.

Requires fewbr coats of enamel or paint.

Does not discolor enamel and paint.

Cuts easily- and smoothly, with or across the grain- eisy to fit hardware.

Non-grain-raising.

Holds nails and scrEws fiimlv.

Ample strength and durability beyond requirements ot us,e.

A cabin of the 49er3 on the Old Lassen Trail at Lake Almanor near the Red River Lumber Co., lt/estwood, Cal.

Paint does not peel off or cheik.

Use for Doort, Sash and Interior Woodwork

California Sugar Pine is especially valuable for enameled or. painted dg.orr, sash and interior- trim and finish, it per- mitsthe delicately-molded contours and sharp prodles, .r.high gir.e.permalenje to the purity of line attd oinam.rrf' of the architect's design.

This _fine, soft wood cuts readily either with or across the grain. It takes and holds paint and enamel perfectly,

(Continued from Page 37) having a close evenly spaced, delicately marked grain, which- offers a srnooth sitiny surface to the decorator's brush. Being light in color, it requires less enamel or paint to obtai:n thi finest lustrous finish-an economy both of materials and labor.

To enamel u'ell a wood must take and retain a smooth 6nish. The enamel cannot remain flat unless the grain of the wood remains flat. If the grain "raises" (shows a corrugated, or wavy surface) the enamel cov-ering.mu.s! fglloi the pressure-of the wood beneath, and "raise" with the wood. Obviously, the beauty of the enamel finish will be marred.

Any wood can be planed, sandpapered and rubbed-until it prisents a smooth surface for enameling.When fir.st enameled it looks perfect. But there are inherent'qualities in all woods t6at cause them to respond to time and atmospheric changes. When wood grain raises, the enamel finish becomes "wavy" and eventually cracks. When wood swells too much. enimel cracks. Enamel is brittle; it does not bend.

From the U. S. Department of Agriculture Bulletin 426, we quote the following. as to the superior merits of Strgar Pine in construction and allied uses:

"Because of its straightness, softness, freedom from rvafping and shrinkage, splendid service w-hen exposed to the weither, and finJ nniltring qualities, Sugar Pine is- a very important wood in the manufacture o{ special-order ."ril, doo.t, and blinds, decks of boats and general millrvork. These same qualities make it valuable for frames and stairwork. Freedom from taste and odor make it especially valuable for drawers, for compartments for spic.es, cofiee, rice, sugar and other provisions; for shelving,-builtin dressers. sideboards. carved rvork, table frames and tops. Its straight grain and permanence give it a,place in the manufaciure 6f piano and pipe organ keys and actions, and player pianos, and the same qualities, together with lighttr..i, pir." it among the besi woods for drawing boards, etc. Large quantities are used by-planing mills in the manufacture -ot cut siding, interior finish and mouldings. It takes readily the fineit enamel finish. In addition to the above, Sugar Pine is used for drain-boards, shade and map rollers, small turnings and fencing."

Builders approve -ihe choice of Califorqla Sugar Pine, for they know its valuable advantages. They- save time and labor in handling and installing doors, sash and trim, because this wood isllgtrt of weight and readily takes nails and scrervs. Installat-ions of California Sugar Pine are more quickly completed-and installation costs are therefore proportionately lower.

Durability of Sugar Pine

The pioneers of '49 fouird fallen Sugar Pine trees which saue elidence of having been on the ground for many !.atr. It was this mutE testimony of -its durability-that prompted them to seek these trees with which to build ih.i. .abittr. They were especially eager to obtain Sugar Pine for the roofs, knowing that this portion of their new homes would be subjected to the greatest exposure. -For this reason, Sugar Pine shakes beiame as typically Californiah as the Golden Gate.

A shake-maker of Raymond, California, recently led a party to a Sugar Pine tree which he had felled forty y.ears ago.' The hea-rtwood of the tree was still sound and bright' "Sugar Pine is new in use' compared with eastern white pine,-but there are many buildings still standing that attest its durability.

Sizes and Grades of California Sugar Pine

Sizes-Sugar Pine lumber is manufactured in sizes that conform wiih American Lumber Standards. Thicker and wider sizes can be obtained in Sugar Pine than in any other wood of this region, due to thJ unusually large sizes of the trees.

Finishing lumber is available in 1", Itl'!:-?.'t 3",.1\9 4" thickneEses, and in widths from 3" up. Widths o! ?0-" and more can be had if desired. Bevel siding is available in widths of. ('. 5" and 6" and wider. Common boards are usually 1" thick and from 4" to L2" wide, but may be had in any thickness or width. Factory lumber is also available in thicknesses of f.rom 4/4 to L6/4, and in widths from 5'" up. The average width of stock from mills in this Association is customarily very wide.

Grades-California Sugar Pine lumber is graded at Association mills under the standard rules of the California White and Sugar Pine Manufacturers' Association, which are in close conformity to American Lumber standards. Sugar Pine is graded under two classifications, according to the use to be made of the lumber.

No.3 Common:

A high grade sheathing lumber, also used for concrete foim material.

No. 4 and 5 Comrnon:

Are lower common grades and have many uses for cohstruction. Also are converted into box shook. Finishing, sidings, common boards, shiplap, dressed and matched, flooring, ceiling, partition and moldings, are sold under the above grade.

The Factory Grades:

Factory grades are determined by the percentage of

It isn't what you GET that makes men respect and love you. It's what you GIVE!

The Yard Grades:

B Select and Better:

A nearly perfect grade of lumber, suitable as a whole for trim, casing, base and finishing.

C Select:

A grade of lumber only slightly less perfect than B Select and Better, suitable for the fineit.painted trim or for natural finishes.

D Select:

A grade of finishing lumber well suited for any kind of work that is to be painted.

No. I Common:

A high quality common grade, containing small, sound, tight knots, often described as "water-tight," and used in many cases for interior trim.

No.2 Common: clear cuttings each piece of lumber will produce. These cuttings are the sizes used in the manufacture of doors.

A grade containing larger knots tha'n No. 1 Common, but still suitable for many high class uses, such as shelving and barn boards.

No. land2Clear:

The highest quality lumber suitable as a whole for finishing, or for cutting-up purposes.

No. 3 Clear:

A grade that must cohtain 7O per cent or more of clear cuttings.

No. 1 Shop:

A grade that must contain from 5O per cent to 70 per cent of clear cuttings.

No.2 Shop:

A grade that must contain f.rom 25 per cent to 50 per cent of clear cuttings.

No.3 Shop:

A grade containing some door cuttings and a large amount of sash stock.

Box:

A grade especially adapted to the manufacture of boxes.

universt," fltt?lt3ri "o -berin8

The rapid grorvth of thc lumber industry of California has madc grciter demands upon the Divisibn of Forestry . of the University of California than its present equipment can take care of. An enlarged lumbering and wood technotogy laboratory is theref&e needed anld tentative- plans havJ-been prepired to submit to the next Le-gislature. Professor Einaiuel Fritz who will have charge of the new laboratory has this to say concerning it: "The additional laboratory facilities are needed to cariy on such studies as methods -of sawing, design of saw teeth, the kiln drying- of lumber, and determination of properties of woods native to California. The new equipme'nt will include a small sawmill to handle logs up -to three and four feet in diameter, a resaw, a plaier, ind other related machinery and