Boro Park Buzz #153 April 7 2019

Boro Park

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Volume 7, Issue 153 April 7th 2019

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The Shmuz on the Parsha

Rabbi Ben Tzion Shafier

Warning: Loshon Horah Kills!

Parshas Metzorah A peddler approached the city of Tzipori and called out,“Who wants to buy the potion of life?” A crowd gathered around him. Rebbe Yanni said to the man, “I would like to purchase some.” The peddler responded, “It’s not for you and your type.” Rebbe Yanni persisted.

Finally the peddler took out a Tehillim and opened it to the posuk, “Who is the man who wants life?

Guard your tongue from evil.”

Rebbe Yanni exclaimed, “All of my life I’ve read that posuk, but I never appreciated how simple it was until this peddler revealed it to me!”

— VaYikrah Rabba 16:2 What did the peddler reveal to Rebbe Yanni?

The difficulty with this Medrash is that it doesn’t seem that Rebbe Yanni learned anything new. He clearly knew the posuk before the peddler said it. As he was a Tanna, he had mastered the entire Torah and understood the meaning, depth, and implications of those words.

What new concept did Rebbe Yanni learn from the peddler?

The answer to this can be best understood with a moshol. Imagine

4

that a mother and father are looking for the right yeshiva for their son. After much investigation, they hit upon the perfect solution. It has the right type of environment, the right type of boys, just the right blend – a perfect fit. But then they hear the news. The boys in that yeshiva smoke!

“Oh my goodness!” the mother exclaims “Now what? It may be a great yeshiva, and our son might flourish there, but everyone knows that smoking kills.

It’s a habit that’s very difficult to break.

It’s just not worth it.”

So they decide not to send their son to that yeshiva.

Now let’s play out the same scenario with just one adjustment: same young man, same yeshiva, same perfect fit.

However, instead of the parents finding out that the boys smoke, they find out that the boys in that yeshiva speak lashon harah. What would we anticipate the parents’ reaction to be?

“Oh my goodness! The Torah warns us against lashon harah! With one conversation, a person can violate dozens of prohibitions. And worse, it can easily become a lifelong habit. Lashon harah kills… It may be a great yeshiva, but forget it. We can’t take the chance!”

Somehow it doesn’t seem that that would be the reaction. More likely, their attitude would be, “Listen, it’s not something we are happy to hear, but it isn’t a reason to disqualify a good yeshiva.”

Let’s analyze the difference in their reactions. Assuming that these are welleducated people, they know that the Torah specifically, clearly, and definitively tells To advertise, call 718-513-9885

us that speaking lashon harah kills, and that guarding one’s tongue is the Torah’s guarantee to long life. They have heard many shmuzin discussing the severity of this issue, and they don’t question it.

On the other hand, while they are aware that smoking has a high correlation to various diseases, only a small percentage of people actually die from smokingrelated complications.

So smoking, which might kill, they fear, yet lashon harah, which they know definitely kills, they aren’t that concerned about. How are we to understand this anomaly?

The answer is that when medical science tells us something, we accept it as truth. These are the facts; this is reality.

Unfortunately, when the Torah tells us something, it just isn’t real. “You need a lot of emunah to really accept that. I don’t know if I am on that level.” And so in the parents’ minds, “Lashon harah. . . well, I mean, a mitzvah it’s not, but it surely isn’t as dangerous as smoking. Smoking really kills!”

This seems to be the answer to Rebbe Yanni. As great as he was, and as much as he accepted every word of the Torah as completely true, on some level it wasn’t 100% real to him. The peddler revealed to Rabbi Yanni that the Torah teaches us that “lashon harah kills” in its most simple, direct meaning. It then became real to him.

The greatest distance on earth is between the head and the heart One of the most important aspects of

growth is making the Torah’s values real. Not in theory, not as some remote distant idea, but rather “getting it,” understanding that every word in the Torah is true. While we may not feel it now, one day we will. One day, we will understand that every word of Torah learning is more precious than fine jewels. One day, we will appreciate that every callous remark we ever made will come back to haunt us. And one day, we will recognize that every action, deed, and thought was being videotaped to be played back to us at the end of our days.

The more that we focus on the value system of the Torah, the more real it becomes to us, and the more motivated we will be by that which has eternal value and preciousness.

Rabbi Shafier is the founder of the Shmuz.com – The Shmuz is an engaging, motivating shiur that deals with real life issues.

All of the Shmuzin are available free of charge at www. theShmuz.com or on the Shmuz App for iphone or Android.

Simply text the word “TheShmuz” to the number 313131 and a link will be sent to your phone to download the App. Rabbi Shafier is the founder of the Shmuz.com – The Shmuz is an engaging, motivating shiur that deals with real life issues.

All of the Shmuzin are available free of charge at www. theShmuz.com or on the Shmuz App for iphone or Android.

Simply text the word “TheShmuz” to the number 313131 and a link will be sent to your phone to download the App. Att: Past issues may have inadvertently Sheimos, Please disgard this Magazine accordingly in geniza Thank You.

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The Silence of the Jews

by Slovie Jungreis-Wolff

As Jew-hatred increases and becomes more the norm, we must remember who we are.

I am afraid.

I’m afraid that it is now okay to hate Jews and question their loyalty. I’m afraid that we, the People of the Book, have become ignorant of our own history.

Afraid that we have forgotten how to hold our homeland dear to our hearts because we can’t remember a time that we did not call this Land our own. We take ourselves and our inheritance for granted.

With anti-Semitic attacks increasing in Europe and U.S. and becoming the norm, even chic, I’m afraid that our children will not know what to say or worse – cower in shame when confronted with this spewing of animosity, Every generation has its challenges.

When faced with a wall of hate, it becomes our duty to give our children the

14

backbone and knowledge to stand proud and tall. Otherwise the next generation may simply lose themselves into a world that does not know the true story of the Jews.

I am reminded of the poignant words of Mike Tress, an American businessman who tried tirelessly to rescue as many Jews as he could from the Nazis. In 1945 after the war ended, he traveled to DP camps in Europe, seeking to give hope to the survivors. Mike was haunted for the rest of his life by the sights he saw and the words he heard.

On February 10, 1946, Mike gave the speech of his life to an overflow crowd in the Hotel Pennsylvania. He wanted to light a fire in the hearts of American Jewry. Mike tried to wake up his fellow American Jews to the plight of their brothers and sisters and to the hellish To advertise, call 718-513-9885

suffering they endured.

His words continue to speak to us: “I tell you my friends, I tell you from the very depth of my soul, that the moment I planted my foot on German soil I wept bitterly. I was disturbed that on that soil, in that country, there were men and women walking around with their heads held high. And yet, those same men and women had perpetuated the most dastardly crime in history against the Jewish people. In every corner, in every face, in every ‘thing’ that I saw Germany – I won’t use the term human – I saw our own six million dead. My heart bled and broke seeing these arrogant people alive while behind us lay the ruins of our own people, our nearest and dearest…”

Mike went on to describe Zielsheim, the first D.P, camp that he visited.

3,500-4,000 Jewish men and women

were housed there. When he spoke to the survivors of Nazi atrocities, he began to realize that something was missing.

“All the men were between the ages of 16 and 35. I had anticipated seeing children. I visited the yeshiva that had been set up and young men were learning there, but there were no children. Then it began to dawn on me that among these people in Zeilsheim there were no old or young. In my naïve way I asked ‘Vu zeinin die kinder? Vu zeinin alle kinderlach?

– Where are the children? Where are all the children?’ They answered me, ‘Es is nisht da kein kinderlach – Here there are no children.’

“In all of Germany, there are at most 100 Jewish children still living. In Poland alone out of 3,500,000 Jews, there were over 800,000 children. The methodical, scientifically oriented Germans murdered all the children under the age of 12, since they could not put them to good use. They also had no use for men and women over the age of 60. Therefore, they were the first to be murdered.

“My heart broke a thousand times, but I was awestruck by the greatness and the courage of our people. These young Jewish men and women had unwavering faith and they exuded hope and belief in Hashem. It is beyond comprehension that people who have experienced such indescribable horrors should still be able to cling to their faith. They still believe in Hashem, in Torah and the greatness of our people.”

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We have just concluded the holiday of Purim. When faced with enemies who tried to obliterate us, the nation of Israel gathered together in prayer and unity. Miraculously we overcame the threat of death and the venomous hatred of Haman. We are told in the Torah to “Zachor” – Remember, “Al Tishkach” – Do not forget. Never forget that there are those who try to obliterate you, who attempt to burn you in their ovens, to throw you into the sea. Remember for generations to come that there are times that you will be pushed down into the hard earth and the world will be happy to pay tribute to you in a museum or some plaque but you will never disappear completely. You will overcome. You will live again.

Our obligation today is to remember. Our mission must be not to forget.

Whether it is 1946 and we are faced with the missing voices of our children, or 2019 and the vicious voices that try to cut us down, we must remember who we are.

We cannot be ghosted into silence.

As we approach our days of freedom, the holiday of Passover, let us renew our commitment to live as Jews. Let us remember who we are, where we have come from and where we are going in life. Let us appreciate the Land of Israel, every stone, every road upon which our Patriarchs and Matriarchs walked. And let us communicate to the next generation that to be a Jew is to embrace a life of faith, goodness and fortitude with strength and dignity. No matter how low others may stoop, we rise above.

Remember always. Never forget.

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With Mengele in Auschwitz

by Rabbi Shraga Simmons

After surviving the horrors of the Holocaust, Yantu Weisz lived independent and strong till age 109.

In 1944, Yantu Weisz was 35 years old when the Nazis entered the

28

Hungarian town of Mezokovesd and rounded up the Jewish community.

Yantu was herded – together with her sister and mother – onto a cattle car. The train chugged toward Auschwitz, with inhuman conditions of no food, water, or facilities.

Days later, the train pulled its weary and dispirited cargo through the notorious red brick gate. As the cattle car door opened, the first thing Yantu saw was a pair of shiny black boots.

They belonged to an immaculately dressed soldier with a riding whip – the bespectacled Angel of Death, Yosef Mengele. Yantu and the others were quickly pushed into line where Mengele To advertise, call 718-513-9885

pointed his whip – to the right for slave labor, to the left for gas chambers and crematoria.

It was clear that Yantu’s more elderly mother was destined for death, and the two sisters decided not to abandon her.

In those perilous moments they were uncertain which sister will be spared, and which will accompany their mother to the gas chamber.

Because Yantu’s sister had a young child with her, she was automatically sent to the left with their mother.

Yantu was married for 10 years and childless. Though she’d been upset about not having children, it saved her life.

Yet prior to the fateful deportation,

very weak with abdominal pains.

She went to the latrine and the baby slipped out.

Afterwards, Yantu received assistance from a Jewish nurse – perhaps the legendary Dr. Gisella Perl, a Hungarian prisoner in Auschwitz who was ordered to inform Dr. Mengele of any pregnant women in the camp.

His evil intent: to perform cruel and excruciating “medical experiments.”

Yet Dr. Perl bravely defied these cruel orders. She would warn any pregnant woman of the life-threatening situation. Then, using no tools, anesthesia, bandages or antibiotics, Dr. Perl often saved the pregnant woman’s life – lovingly and compassionately performing an abortion… in the middle of the night… on the dirty barrack bunks.

(Dr. Perl survived the war and moved to New York City, where she specialized in infertility, making it her mission to bring life into the world, as chronicled in her autobiography, “I

One evening, one of Yantu’s friends came to the hospital and told her to get up, as a transport was taking them to a better place. Yantu was very weak and told her friend to go on without her.

Not one person from that transport survived.

In the course of six months – first in Auschwitz, then in a munitions factory making bullets – Yantu endured the most horrific conditions – a Nazi tactic to make the Jews “subhuman.” Prisoners were given food only once daily – one small piece of bread and something to drink in the evening. Once, Yantu decided to save her bread for the morning as a way to have more strength during the day. She hid the bread under her head and in the morning it was gone – stolen! From then on, Yantu ate her bread immediately.

Whenever Yantu spoke about her Holocaust experience, she always said that no story, movie or book could adequately convey the sheer horror they endured.

Liberation and the New World

Yantu had become pregnant. As she stood in Mengele’s line, instructions were given for all pregnant women to step forward and “receive better care.” As Yantu was about to comply, another woman alerted her not to reveal the pregnancy: Being caught pregnant in Auschwitz meant certain death.

One night, after having been in Auschwitz for a few weeks, Yantu became

Was a Doctor in Auschwitz.”)

Following the miscarriage, Yantu felt very sick and – against everyone’s advice – checked into the concentration camp “hospital.” There, Mengele would visit daily, walk around the beds, and point to those to be taken out and gassed.

Miraculously, he never pointed at Yantu.

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One day, all the Nazi guards ran away. Liberation! The war was over and Yantu survived due to physical strength and a tremendous determination to live.

With humility, however, she did not regard her survival as commendable, saying that the finer, more genteel people died; only the tougher ones managed to survive.

Yantu’s husband Azriel Chaim, despite suffering from diabetes, also survived the war, however in a weakened condition from which he never fully recovered. (When he died at age 67, the doctors said he was like 85.)

After the war, Yantu and Azriel Chaim returned to their hometown in Hungary, to see what remained. One of Yantu’s sisters had gone into hiding in Budapest and survived. Additionally, two of Yantu’s three brothers survived the slave labor camps.

Following the war, Yantu had difficulty getting pregnant again and suffered a few miscarriages – complications of her experience in Auschwitz. She was well into her 40s when two children were born, whom she referred to as “miracles.”

Her son, Rabbi Noson Weisz, is today a

29

Independent and Strong

Yantu lived by herself in Toronto until age 102, working as a seamstress and remaining independent the entire time.

She described work as “the best medicine for whatever bothers you.”

“Her independence was more important to her than anything,” says her son, Rabbi Weisz. “Her eyesight and mental faculties remained sharp until the very end.”

Yantu wanted her son to be a doctor, but he wanted to be a rabbi. So concurrent with yeshiva studies, he attended University of Toronto night school, earning degrees in microbiology and in

30

law. “My mother then wanted me to go to graduate school, so I consulted with the great Rabbi Moshe Feinstein, who said: ‘She is a Holocaust survivor. Do what she asks,’” says Rabbi Weisz, who earned a Masters in Political Science.

Though the children never knew their grandmother who perished that day in Auschwitz, she was a strong presence in their life. “My mother always followed in my grandmother’s ways and quoted her,” says Rabbi Weisz. “For example, my grandmother was a seamstress and said: ‘I supported my family with my sewing machine, so I want to be buried with a coffin made of my sewing machine.’ My mother was also a seamstress and the memories of her mother were never far.”

Yantu passed away in April 2018 at age 109, bequeathing to 70 descendents a legacy of courage and goodness.

“The Talmud says that someone who lives a long life can usually attribute it to a specific merit,” says Rabbi Weisz. “My mother’s outstanding trait was that if she could avoid it, she never took anything from anybody.”

When her son became engaged to a woman from a prominent, wealthy family, Yantu insisted on paying for half the wedding expenses. This was to the other family’s chagrin, as they could not countenance accepting money from a survivor who was eking out a living. The bride’s parents had to come up with creative ways to assume as many expenses as possible since Yantu was always averse to “taking.”

“If someone asked for tzedakah, she always gave.

Even when people owed her money, she never asked for

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it back,” says Rabbi Weisz. “She always gave and never took. There aren’t people like this around anymore.”

Yom HaShoah, Holocaust Remembrance day, is Thursday May 2, 2019. That Thursday evening (Nissan 28) marks the first yahrtzeit of Yantu Weisz,

Though the children never knew their grandmother who perished that day in Auschwitz, she was a strong presence in their life.

REPRINTED WITH PERMISSION FROM AISH.COM

senior lecturer at Yeshivat Aish HaTorah in Jerusalem. Her daughter, Annie, lives in New York.

For a few years, the Weisz family enjoyed the thriving Jewish community in Budapest – he with a government job and she as a seamstress. Yet when Hungary became a satellite of the communist Soviet Union, life became difficult. The open practice of religion was not allowed, and children were required to attend school on Shabbat.

The Weisz family wanted to leave – but the border was closed.

With the Hungarian revolution of 1956, the border opened again and Yantu insisted that they leave – so her children could grow up as proud Jews, not Communists. At the first opportunity, they escaped to Vienna, where they applied for exit visas to Israel, USA and Canada. The visa for Canada came first, so they immigrated to Toronto.

Within six months, the ever-adaptable Yantu was fluent in English and had reestablished her career as a successful, high-end dress designer who made wedding and evening gowns.

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Reduce Pre-Pesach Stress Through Understanding Hilchos Pesach Diminishing Pre-Pesach stress begins with knowledge of this basic principle: The Halochos of eating Chometz are very stringent, but the Halochos of OWNING chometz are much less so.

Below are Torah scholars' directives regarding owning chometz and cleaning for Pesach.

(Notes in parenthesis and brackets are explanatory comments.

Also, italics and bold are added for emphasis.)

RAV CHAIM PINCHOS SCHEINBERG Zatzal, Rosh Yeshiva of Torah Ohr in Yerushalayim, taught the following: • If, during the year, chometz is not brought into a place, that place does not have to be cleaned out or checked for chometz.

• The general obligation to check for & get rid of crumbs does not apply if the crumbs are less than the size of a k’zayis [an olive] and are dirty or spoiled enough to deter a person from eating them. (A kzayis is around 1/2 - 1 ounce.)

• The cleaning product (regular household cleanser) must spoil the crumbs (only) slightly, to the extent that people would refrain from eating them.

Rabbi Barclay and Rabbi Jaeger, authors of the Guideline Halacha Series, write that there are two mitzvos connected to the possession of chometz: • Not to see chometz or find it in one’s possessions (Lo Yeraeh and Lo Yemotzei) • To dispose of it. (Tashbisu) According to Torah law, it is enough to either get rid of the chometz, or to declare it null and void.

Our sages required both for three reasons: • Our declaration should be sincere.

• We shouldn’t accidentally eat chometz (that’s lying around)

• In order that overlooked chometz be included.

“If the chometz is dirty, then only a piece that is the size of a k’zayis (or larger) must be removed.”

“If the chometz is edible, then even a smaller [than a k’zayis] piece that one may be tempted to eat must be removed.”

“Therefore, when cleaning for Pesach one must remove small pieces of edible chometz and large pieces of inedible chometz.”

Books: Rabbi Barclay and Rabbi Jaeger also write that there is no need to check books, except for books that will be brought to the table. Those books should be either new or well cleaned.

Bentchers used the whole year should not be

34

used on Pesach; they should be put away with the chometz because they often contain crumbs and are difficult to clean. (Nowhere is it mentioned that

the chometz crumbs have to be removed or that the bentchers and zemiros books have to be sold, even though chometz crumbs remain in them. The only rule is that they should be put away so that they are not accidentally brought to the table on Pesach.)

Toys that will be used on Pesach should be cleaned with soapy water and checked. Other toys should be put away. Special toys for Pesach are recommended.

Clothing that won’t be worn on Pesach needs only a quick check. “Since they are not going to be worn, there is no concern that one may eat any crumbs that are there. Small crumbs do not have to be removed since there is no prohibition to own them during Pesach.”

Light switches and door handles should be cleaned when necessary (After we touch them,

we may touch Pesach food, and the laws forbidding eating chometz are most stringent, as mentioned.

Pens, pencils, combs, and hair brushes which might have some sticky residue might also be in the same category.).

‫בס״ד‬

The Chazon Ish (122:8) cites the Gra in stating that crumbs caught between the floorboards do not have to be removed. Even if there are many crumbs that add up collectively to a k’zayis, they are not a problem halachically, because they are dried out and unappetizing.

“The requirement for chometz to actually be unfit for canine consumption (inedible to a dog) only applies to a k’zayis.” (Magen Avraham; Mishnah Berurah).

Rabbi Smith continues: What about chometz that is bigger than a crumb yet smaller than a k’zayis? An example might be a pretzel, or half a cookie. “While small crumbs are insignificant and are automatically nullified, these bits of food (which are identifiable things) are in a category of their own.”

These pieces of chometz (larger than a crumb yet smaller than a k’zayis) should be removed.

(Shulchan Aruch Harav; Mishnah Berurah)

Extra effort in cleaning away chometz is part of a heilige minhag. In practice, we give the greatest energy to areas that our Pesach food and our hands will touch/contact on Pesach2. (This helps prevent the

Carpets: Vacuuming a carpet cleans it sufficiently, since any remaining crumbs are not fit for eating.

possibility of eating any chometz on Pesach. And while this is true, give careful note to the following paragraph.)

Toaster: Since a toaster will not be used on Pesach, it is sufficient to remove loose crumbs by shaking the toaster well and putting it away with the chometz utensils. The chometz pots do not have to be scrubbed. Some have the custom to check the pots for chometz.

This minhag must be practiced according to each person’s strength and energy. And only up to where it does not take away from health, safety, and joy in the Heilige Yom Tov.

Rabbi Yaakov Zev Smith, a maggid shiur for Irgun Shiurei Torah, explains: “The Gemara says that after bedikas chometz one still needs to annul the chometz. This requirement is not because of crumbs which may be scattered in the house; rather, it is a protection against a big piece of chometz. The reason we do not worry about crumbs is that since they are on the floor they have no importance to us and are “self-annulled” (Pesachim 6b).”

He explains further that the Chayei Adam (119:6) is of the opinion that one must clean crevices of crumbs within hand’s reach. This is not because of the prohibition to see or have chometz in one’s possession – but because we are concerned that one might inadvertently eat them”.1 The Pri Chadash (444-4) and the Igros Moshe (1145) disagree with this stringency.

However, the commonly held custom is to follow the Chayei Adam’s ruling and clean out all easily accessible places where crumbs might be found.

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Anything written above should not be used by husbands and children as an excuse for not helping make the house clean and shining, as well as kosher for Pesach. It is indeed part of the signature of Pesach to have a home that is extraspecial clean. The wholehearted participation— without criticism—of husband and children, makes a big difference and brings much joy to the Yom Tov. May we all be zocheh to clean and prepare for the Yom Tov of Pesach without excessive strain or fear, but with anticipation and happiness.

And, may our cleaning and preparation find chein Above and help bring the Geulah Shleimah closer.

A truly kosher and freilichen Pesach to all.

The information above was reviewed and approved by Rabbi Elozor Barclay and Rabbi Yitzchok Jaeger, the authors of Guidelines – Over Five Hundred of the Most Commonly Asked Questions About Pesach (Targum Press) and by Rabbi Zev Smith of Irgun Shiurei Torah.

L'aliyas nishmas Zeesl bas R’ Tzvi, a”h 1 2

(cf. Radvaz 1:135; Machaneh Yisrael 10:)

... ‫עיקר תקנת בדקת חמץ אחר שביטלו אינה אלא משום גזירה שמא יבוא לאכלו בפסח‬...

“The main reason for the establishment of bedikas chometz after one nullifies the chometz is only to prevent the possibility of eating chometz on Pesach”

Shulchan Aruch Harav (433:19)

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Leftovers Before Pesach

by Chef Herschel Arnow

What to do with all that leftover chametz.

Passover is coming and it’s time to get rid of all that leftover chametz. One has to be a little creative. Here is how I do it.

Leftover bread can be used in a number of ways:

36

To advertise, call 718-513-9885

Garlic Bread SPREAD 1/4 lb. margarine 1 tbsp. fresh or frozen garlic 1/4 tsp. salt 1/4 tsp. oregano 1/4 tsp. sugar 1/4 tsp. pepper

REPRINTED WITH PERMISSION FROM AISH.COM

Slice rolls, challahs etc. Blend and spread on.

Toast in hot oven at 220°F for 5 minutes. What is left over from the Garlic Bread, cut into small cubes and use as croutons or put in your food processor and make flavored breadcrumbs.

To advertise, call 718-513-9885

37

Leftover Bread Makes The Best French Toast 2 eggs 1/2 tsp. salt 2/3 cup milk 6 slices day-old bread or challah margarine 38

Beat eggs lightly with salt, milk. Dip bread into mixture. Fry on both sides. Serve with maple syrup.

To advertise, call 718-513-9885

To advertise, call 718-513-9885

39

Bread Pudding 1/4 cup raisins 2 eggs 2 cups milk 1/2 cup sugar 1/2 tsp. salt 1 tsp. vanilla 1/4 tsp. nutmeg or cinnamon 4 cups dry bread cut in cubes Beat eggs with milk and sugar, nutmeg or cinnamon. Pour liquid over bread in balking dish. Let stand until thoroughly soaked up. Add raisins. Bake 20 minutes at 350°F. Serve with milk or jelly.

40

To advertise, call 718-513-9885

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Shepards Pie with Leftovers 3 tbsps. oil 2 onions, diced 1 green pepper, diced 1 stalk celery, diced 1 lb. ground meat, or any other leftovers in the refrigerator 1/2 cup chicken soup 4 large potatoes 2 eggs 1 tsp. salt 1/4 tsp. pepper

42

To advertise, call 718-513-9885

margarine paprika Saute vegetables, then meat. Add stock or gravy. Boil potatoes, mash with eggs, salt, pepper, onion.

Preheat oven to 350°F. Layer potatoes, meat, potatoes. Dot with margarine, paprika, and bake for 30 minutes until potatoes brown.

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