A publication of the California Construction and Industrial Materials Association
Aggregate, Concrete and Asphalt Producers Lead in Recycling SEE INSIDE: 8 12 16 18 22
FEATURE STORY RECYCLING FOR END USE RECLAMATION AIR QUALITY SUSTAINABILITY
Winter Issue
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2022 WINTER ISSUE
TABLE of CONTENTS 4
CHAIRMAN'S LETTER
6
PRESIDENT & CEO MESSAGE
8
FEATURE STORY
12
RECYCLING FOR END USE
16
RECLAMATION
18
AIR QUALITY
8
2022: The Year to Drive Stewardship of Our Environment to New Heights State of the Association
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Aggregate, Concrete and Asphalt Producers Lead in Recycling Mine Operators Can Meet California’s Growing Demand for Inert Debris Disposal Sites Dumbarton Quarry: Evolution of a Mine and Its Public Benefits Air District, Materials Producers Work Together for Air Quality
22
SUSTAINABILITY
26
CLEAN TRUCKS
28
NATIONAL NEWS
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Demand for Sustainable Construction Creates New Opportunities in Concrete California Air Resources Board Approves Heavy-Duty Vehicle Inspection and Maintenance Program News from National Associations
ON THE COVER:
One of Holliday Rock’s portable crushing plants (photo supplied by Holliday Rock).
The Conveyor is a publication of the California Construction and Industrial Materials Association. The views expressed herein are fixed expressions of the contributing writers and not of CalCIMA. All rights reserved. CalCIMA 455 Capitol Mall, Suite 210 Sacramento, CA 95814 (916) 554-1000 www.calcima.org www.distancematters.org
Published By Construction Marketing Services, LLC
Editorial Contributors Dave Brown, Principal/President, Benchmark Resources
Suzanne Seivright, Director of Regional Government Affairs and Grassroots Operations, CalCIMA
P.O. Box 892977 Temecula, CA 92589 (909) 772-3121
Robert Dugan, President/CEO, CalCIMA
Graphic Designer Aldo Myftari
Christie Gamble, Senior Director of Sustainability, CarbonCure Technologies
The Conveyor is published quarterly each year by Construction Marketing Services, LLC
Publisher Kerry Hoover khoover@calcontractor.com Editor Brian Hoover bhoover@ironads.com
The Conveyor • 2022 Winter Issue
Brad Johnson, Esq., Everview Ltd. Charley Rea, Director of Communications, Safety & Technical Services, CalCIMA
All rights reserved. Reproduction in whole or in part without permission is prohibited.
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CHAIRMAN'S LETTER
2022: The Year to Drive Stewardship of Our Environment to New Heights As we start the third year of the second decade of the second millennium, we are increasingly met with concerns and conversations about Climate Change and Global Warming. Carbon Dioxide-the gas that makes many of the things we drink sparkle, fizz, or pop- has become a significant topic of conversation in the ready mix concrete and cement industries. While there are a number of other gasses that can and do affect our environment, carbon dioxide is considered the most significant when viewed through the lens of climate change and global warming. The Natural Resource Defense Council, Inc. states that carbon dioxide, or CO2, accounts for about 76 percent of global human-caused emissions. CO2 sticks around for quite a while, and once it’s emitted into the atmosphere, 40 percent still remains after 100 years, 20 percent after 1,000 years, and 10 percent as long as 10,000 years later. For a number of years now, we have seen efforts to calculate and reduce the impacts of CO2 produced by ready mix concrete. These efforts come from a number of different sources: The federal government, state legislatures, counties and cities, public and private universities and colleges, and private developers. At the federal level, President Biden has issued the Executive Order on Catalyzing Clean Energy Industries and Jobs through Federal Sustainability which includes the following: Sec. 102. Government-wide Goals (v) Net-zero emissions from Federal procurement, including a Buy Clean policy to promote use of construction materials with lower embodied emissions Sec. 303. Buy Clean. The Buy Clean Task Force established pursuant to section 508 of this order shall provide recommendations to the Chair of Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ) and the Director of Office of Management and Budget (OMB), through the Administrator of the Office of Federal Procurement Policy, on policies and procedures to expand consideration of embodied emissions and pollutants of construction materials in Federal procurement and federally funded projects, to include:
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(a) identifying and prioritizing pollutants and materials, such as concrete and steel, to be covered under a Buy Clean policy, taking into account the availability of relevant data, including from environmental product declarations, and consistency with existing environmental reporting requirements. At the State level, The State of Colorado: Passed House Bill 21-1303 to limit the global warming potential materials used in public works projects. The first two eligible materials listed were: (I) Asphalt and Asphalt mixtures (II) Cement and Concrete mixtures (yes cement is probably a misnomer but we get the idea) At a local level, The County of Marin (California): Implemented a Low Carbon Concrete Code in 2019. Also-The City of Malibu (California) There is an effort in Malibu called Zero Can’t Wait. The goal is to adopt a low-carbon concrete ordinance on April 20, 2022, which is Earth Day. Back at the State level, in 2021, the cement producers of California were instrumental in the passing of California Senate Bill SB-596: The Greenhouse gasses: cement sector: net-zero emissions strategy. It is part of the road map to achieve carbon neutrality by 2045. California Senate Bill 778, “Buy Clean California Act: Environmental Product Declarations: Concrete,” has passed out of the Senate and is in the Assembly. Ready-mix concrete producers now have the opportunity to step up, demonstrate leadership and help drive legislation that addresses the issue in a way that our industry can continue to safely and productively supply our products. CalCIMA staff and a coalition of producers across the state are working to help create legislation that will be a blueprint for responsible planned CO2 reductions in ready mix concrete. This will be the chance to drive stewardship of our environment, innovate the processes used to produce ready mix concrete, and provide guardrails for a part of our greater industry, often referred to as the foundation of modern society. I look forward to a year of growth, innovation, and opportunity for CalCIMA, our members and industry. n Sincerely,
Martin Hansberger Director of Technical Services, Holliday Rock CalCIMA Chairman
The Conveyor • 2022 Winter Issue
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PRESIDENT & CEO MESSAGE
State of the Association I am pleased to share with you the “State of the Association.” Many would agree that for our industry, 2021 seemed like an extension of 2020 regarding pandemic realities and supply chain challenges. Nonetheless, our industry stood, delivered, and made significant progress on our priorities. Our market outlook for 2022 looks strong. I am excited to report that we are fully staffed with top tier talent across the board. Our Executive Committee will lead us through a refresh of our strategic plan in the summer, and we look forward to more in-person events in the year ahead. Below see some of 2021’s highlights. For the full list, see: www.calcima.org//Files/Admin/2021Advocacy Highlights.pdf 2021 Highlights - Organizational: One significant accomplishment for the year was the adoption of a “Complete CalCIMA” budget and business model that included an updated dues structure beginning in 2021 and the creation of an asphalt class of membership. Many asphalt producer members joined last year, representing a major portion of asphalt production in the state. We dove deep into our asphalt and concrete representation through the creation of dedicated Task Forces which reviewed our service level and priorities for those sectors , and now have formal Steering Committees to represent those classes of producer members. Legislative: CalCIMA worked with our state legislators to sponsor two bills last year, both of which received near unanimous support from the Legislature. While both bills were vetoed by the Governor, it’s an important reminder that the Governor’s signature is not the only way to measure success. Our Safety bill, AB 783, has given us standing to meet with Cal/OSHA to make early communication of hazards a priority. On our Recycling effort, AB 1035, the Governor’s veto has led to a commitment from his office on the concepts in the bill, and an ongoing dialogue to craft legislation that the administration can support. On the “Buy Clean Concrete” front, we are in ongoing dialogue with Senator Josh Becker (D-Menlo) regarding how concrete can be incorporated into the state’s “Buy Clean CA” purchasing program in a viable fashion.
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At the federal level, we played a major role with the California delegation in partnership with our national association partners, to successfully separate “hard infrastructure” from “soft infrastructure” in the federal dialogue and pass the “hard infrastructure” package that will give a huge boost to California’s infrastructure program. We were also successful in protecting our industries from draconian limits on imported materials, overcoming hard line restrictions on construction materials through Buy America provisions. Regulatory: While some regulatory processes slowed last year, we achieved notable accomplishments. We secured modifications to the South Coast Air Quality Management District’s Rule 1147.1 ‘Aggregate Dryers’ ASPHALT that maximizes the continuity of most operations and plants while achieving environmental and health improvements. This may set a helpful precedence for other air districts. CalCIMA members completed a year-long effort with the State Water Board to develop the Ready Mixed Concrete Process Water Best Management Practices Manual, which provides a suite of options for ready mix producers. We created a work group with the CA Geological Survey to enhance reporting of mineral production. Our members secured additional clarification from the Dept. of Industrial Relations on non-performance forms in regard to AB 219 compliance. Quality assurance personnel worked with Caltrans to extend an approved asphalt job mix formula from one to two years, advance priority for pilot projects for reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) at 40%, and adopt specifications for Portland limestone cement. Litigation: Our legal team continues to engage in litigation regarding mineral resource conservation planning in Ventura county and the state’s process on a possible listing of the western Joshua tree. We experienced an industry victory in Mendoza vs. Graniterock, which clarified that fabrication work done off-site by construction workers--and prior to working on a construction project--cannot be the basis for a prevailing wage application. In 2021, CalCIMA members stood up, worked to advance industry interests and focused on our members’ business success. We look forward to a prosperous 2022. n Sincerely,
Robert Dugan President/CEO CalCIMA
The Conveyor • 2022 Winter Issue
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FEATURE STORY
Aggregate, Concrete and Asphalt Producers Lead in Recycling Charley Rea, Director of Communications, Safety & Technical Services, CalCIMA
Photo provided by North American Recycling and Crushing
Above: North American Recycling and Crushing recycling concrete and asphalt at their Anaheim recycle site.
L
ate last year, the U.S. EPA commenced a new National Recycling Strategy. There is no better time than now for California to follow and make a renewed commitment to recycling. It only makes sense – it reduces materials in the landfills, conserves natural resources, reduces greenhouse gases, and often saves money! CalCIMA’s members have led the way in the recycling of aggregates, concrete and asphalt, all of which are common construction materials. The
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National Recycling Strategy emphasizes the achievement of a circular economy, one where materials can be reused again and again. Fortunately, in the recycling of concrete and asphalt there are many procedures and practices already well established. But the 1 million tons of concrete, asphalt and roofing shingles that go to California landfills speak to the need to do more. "Recycled pavement is stronger, more durable and less expensive to produce than new pavement which saves the end-user money. More
importantly, recycling construction materials is simply the right thing to do for the environment," says Aaron Waddell, Account Manager, North American Recycling and Crushing. The focus on recycling is particularly important in California where we have new infusion of funding for public works from SB 1, The Road Repair and Accountability Act of 2017, and the recently approved federal Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA). Recycling can help extend the value of those infrastructure The Conveyor • 2022 Winter Issue
Left: North American Recycling and Crushing (NOAM) recycling concrete into 1" fill material at Magic Johnson Park in Los Angeles. Bottom Left: NOAM’s Cat 988 loading concrete and asphalt into a jaw crusher to process CLII and CMB materials at their Colton recycle site. Bottom Right: Stacking CLII and CMB from recycled concrete and asphalt at NOAM’s Ontario recycle site.
Photos provided by North American Recycling and Crushing
investments in an environmentally progressive way. “The recycling of building materials offers so many positive benefits in terms of environmental impact, reduction of cost to the public, greatly reduces landfilling of construction materials while at the same time conserving California’s natural resources. These recycled materials, being used over many years now have proven their engineered value on almost all types of construction projects from roads and bridges to buildings, dams and large structural projects. Our industry is eager to do more,” said Daniel Fritz, Martin Marietta’s CalCIMA Executive Committee and Board Member. The key to incentivizing the reuse of concrete and asphalt is having specifications for roads, buildings, and structures that allow The Conveyor • 2022 Winter Issue
the use of recycled materials. Specifications are generally written to allow “up to” a certain percentage of recycled material. This means that to the extent the recycled material is available and meets quality requirements it can be used without having to make any special adjustments. Allowing the use of recycled construction materials expands the market of available materials and thereby achieving greater cost efficiency for public works and other projects. The National Asphalt Pavement Association estimates there was $3.3 billion in savings in the 2019 construction season from the use of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) alone. “Recycling of construction materials is now more important and beneficial than ever. It has been proven by university research
and Caltrans practice that using recycled aggregate, asphalt and concrete produces a product equal in quality to using virgin materials. In addition, it reduces GHG and other air emissions and makes our infrastructure investment funding go further. Simply put, it is a beneficial sustainable practice that should be encouraged by all government leaders,” said Gary Johnson, Vice President, Land and Quarry, for Granite Construction. These are a few of the ways recycling of concrete and asphalt is being accomplished and where more can be done: RECYCLED MATERIALS FOR ROAD BASE Using crushed concrete and asphalt rubble as an aggregate in road base is one of the most sensible and achievable ways to 9
Below: Granite Construction has placed RAP and recycled plastic mix on various projects.
Above: Granite’s Big Rock plant produces the RAP and recycled plastic mix. Inset: Core sample of Granite’s mix with RAP & recycled plastic. Right: Granite Construction produced RAP and recycled plastic mix for Target parking lot. Photos provided by Granite Construction
recycle concrete and asphalt, and reuses a huge amount of material based on volume. Caltrans issued specifications in 2007 that allow up to 100% recycled concrete and asphalt for road base. Caltrans has achieved the optimal level, but further gains can be made with local governments, some of which continue to prohibit or limit use of recycled concrete and asphalt in road base. RECLAIMED ASPHALT PAVEMENT (RAP) IN ASPHALT PAVEMENTS A huge area of focus for CalCIMA members has been to increase the allowable percentage of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) in asphalt pavements. This is a particularly important area of recycling, since it not only conserves aggregates but also oil, which is used as a binder for the aggregates in asphalt. Nationally, the use of RAP in asphalt pavements reduces 10
greenhouse gases by 24 million metric tons. Caltrans allows up to 25% RAP in road projects. Legislation sponsored by CalCIMA (Public Law 2012-230) requires Caltrans to develop specifications to allow up to 40% RAP. Specifications have been drafted, but it may be several years until they become common on highway projects. RAP & LOCAL GOVERNMENTS Despite Caltrans allowing 25% RAP and may be soon increasing that level, many California local governments prohibit use of RAP or are still at a lower level. This is particularly important since most local roads are made of asphalt. The bill AB 2355 (Levine) in 2014 provided incentive for cities and counties to achieve the Caltrans level or better by 2017, but many cities and counties still have not reached that level. Unfortunately, AB 1035 (Salas/Skinner) to further strengthen recycling by local
governments last year was not signed into law. RECYCLED ASPHALT SHINGLES One promising area is the incorporation of recycled asphalt shingles (RAS). The asphalt content in the shingles can help reduce the reliance on natural sources of oil. Asphalt producers, recyclers, and Caltrans are currently working to complete and test specifications to allow up to 3% RAS in asphalt pavements, as well as combine it with RAP. RECYCLING PLASTIC ASPHALT An exciting and emerging area is to recycle post-consumer plastic into asphalt. This is a way to reduce from the waste stream plastic that cannot otherwise be recycled while also reducing use of the oil binder in asphalt. A recent test of reusing recycled plastic bags with a 20% RAP mix on an asphalt parking lot appears to have met with success! The Conveyor • 2022 Winter Issue
RECYCLED CONCRETE AS A PRODUCT In 2005 and 2013, the Public Resources Code was amended to make clear in law that use of recycled materials in concrete are an acceptable product in accordance with identified specifications and codes. When California’s Green Building Code was launched in 2009, it incorporated producers’ requests to allow for use of recycled materials in concrete— whether aggregates, water, and other materials. RETURNED PLASTIC CONCRETE A particularly ground-breaking area of CalCIMA members’ efforts has been to advocate with Caltrans to establish a specification for the use of returned plastic concrete (RPC). This means taking concrete un-used from a job site, but that is still fresh or moist, and remixing into a new batch of concrete. The
result was the first-in-the-nation specification to allow up to 15% returned plastic concrete in a mix. The reuse of returned plastic concrete achieves circularity in recycling--it reuses the cement, aggregates, and water from the original mix. A study commissioned by Caltrans and CalCIMA found a reduction of 15.3% in carbon footprint and a 16.2% reduction in embodied energy from use of returned plastic concrete in a mix. Despite this standard, much work still needs to be done to facilitate the implementation and use of returned plastic concrete. RECYCLING HARDENED CONCRETE An even greater need for recycling of concrete materials is to allow reuse of hardened concrete as an aggregate in new concrete, since hardened concrete accounts for a large portion of construction material sent to landfills. Progress
has been made in allowing its use in making blocks and in sidewalks, including through Caltrans specifications. The next goal is to allow the use of crushed, hardened concrete in pavements and structures. There is substantial research from the Federal Highway Administration, National Concrete Pavement Technology Center and the National Ready Mixed Concrete Association to support this effort. Caltrans has taken initial steps but needs to do more. “The new National Recycling Strategy offers further opportunity for California to build on what is currently happening, expanding specifications and uses by state agencies, and ensure local governments utilize those standards, too,” said Marty Hansberger, Director of Technical Services for Holliday Rock and CalCIMA Chairman. n
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RECYCLING FOR END USE
Mine Operators Can Meet California’s Growing Demand for Inert Debris Disposal Sites By Brad Johnson, Esq., Everview Ltd.
Demand for inert debris disposal sites continues to grow, driven by state waste diversion policies, urban development and redevelopment, and an increasing number of infrastructure projects.
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ach year, California generates an enormous volume of inert debris, a non-hazardous type of solid waste consisting mostly of broken concrete, cured asphalt, clay products and brick, as well as intermingled gravel and dirt. Demand for inert debris disposal sites continues to grow, driven by state waste diversion policies, urban development and redevelopment, and an increasing number of infrastructure projects. As many mine operators already know, accepting this material for disposal can be economical, and when engineered and placed properly, inert debris material can help prepare the property for a viable second-use. Certain actions can help facilitate an efficient and successful transition from mine to inert debris disposal facility. 12
Mine operators should consider and plan for eventual inert debris disposal as far in advance as possible. Reclamation plans should be designed with future disposal operations as an intended end use. Where uncertainty exists regarding the disposal market or value of post-mining redevelopment, operators can preserve maximum end use flexibility by designating inert debris disposal as a second or additional potential end use. To this point, the Surface Mining and Reclamation Act (SMARA) expressly contemplates that a reclamation plan may specify more than one potential post-mining end use. (See SMARA Section 2772(c) (7): a reclamation plan must identify a “proposed use or potential uses of the mined lands after reclamation” – emphasis added.) While a reclamation plan should designate inert debris disposal as a
potential end use, the reclamation plan should not include backfilling the mine pit with inert debris as a component of reclamation. This approach should be avoided for two reasons. First, financial assurances to cover the costs of backfilling the mine site would be required under SMARA (even though the disposal operations would likely be cash positive). Second, incorporating the backfilling activity into the reclamation plan would likely mean that the site would remain subject to SMARA regulation (including inspections, annual reporting, and annual fees) for many years after extractive operations cease. To avoid these costs and delays, a better approach is to plan around commencing inert debris disposal activity only after some or all of the mine site has been fully reclaimed and closed out of The Conveyor • 2022 Winter Issue
SMARA. Reclamation plans should be designed or modified to create phased cells that can be fully mined, placed in their final configuration, and then closed out of SMARA as quickly as possible. Reclamation plans should also include and demarcate operational areas and roads that will be used for disposal operations and that will not be removed during final reclamation. By doing so, operators can begin backfilling completed cells while at the same time continuing mining in other cells. This approach is consistent with SMARA’s preference for concurrent reclamation (see, for example, SMARA Section 2772(c)(6)), but also can allow mine operators to begin disposal operations relatively early in the mine life. While properly configuring the mine reclamation plan under SMARA is an important step in preparing a mine for disposal operations, SMARA does not regulate the actual
When engineered and placed properly, inert debris material can help prepare the property for a viable second-use.
disposal operations. Disposal operations require a separate set of permits, including potentially a local use permit, permits as required under the California Integrated Waste Management Act of 1989, and also permits as may be required by a Regional Water Board under the Porter-Cologne Water Quality Control Act. Mine
operators should accordingly consider coordinating disposal operations permitting with mine permitting to the extent feasible, and if not, operators should begin seeking permits as early as possible to minimize downtime between completion of mining and commencement of disposal operations. n
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RECLAMATION
Dumbarton Quarry: Evolution of a Mine and Its Public Benefits By Dave Brown, Principal/President, Benchmark Resources
Before: This December 2008 view shows the operation at the final stages of mining. The plant site sits aside the quarry.
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n August 28, 2021, CalCIMA Member DeSilva Gates’ Dumbarton Quarry opened its gates to new traffic - motorhomes and campers. The first phase in transformation of the site to the Dumbarton Quarry Campground regional park was completed with an RV campground, camp store, 200-seat event amphitheater, playground, and bicycle paths and hiking trails. The East Bay Regional Park District will manage the site for public recreational use and heralded the occasion as “the first public park opened in the region in decades.”
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Reclamation of the quarry for a campground was not the original plan. Dumbarton Quarry began its life in 1957 like most quarries, simply as a local source of quality rock located in close proximity to regional construction projects. Over the years, critical infrastructure in the East Bay and beyond were built with rock from the quarry. Dumbarton Quarry supplied local aggregates—shortening haul distances and reducing air pollutants and greenhouse gas emissions long before there was environmental vernacular for these benefits. The quarry provided material for repairing damage
caused by natural disasters like the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake and the 1991 Oakland Hills fire when considerations for response and resiliency to environmental disasters were just beginning to become recognized as important elements of community planning. Federal and state environmental laws, including the California Surface Mining and Reclamation Act (SMARA), and changes in regional and local land use plans all appeared after the quarry began its operations. For compliance with SMARA’s reclamation plan requirements, reclamation of the site with a lake and park was proposed. The Conveyor • 2022 Winter Issue
After: This aerial image was taken in January 2022. The first phase of park development (foreground) is complete. Quarry backfilling operations (background) continue and will be subsequently developed for additional drive-in and walk-in campsites, group camping, and trails.
Opponents objected and wanted the quarry immediately closed, but the plan was eventually adopted. However, subsequent changes in water quality regulation, limitations in surface water availability, and other unforeseen obstacles complicated execution of the plan; it needed a new vision. Backfilling the quarry became a new objective that had not been previously envisioned. A costeffective and nearby location to accept excess soil and inert material generated from construction activities had become recognized as an important regional need. Fill from development such as underground parking structures needed a legal and environmentally responsible destination. With excavation completed, Dumbarton Quarry was perfect. Backfill tipping fees would include an allocation towards park construction. The reclamation plan was revised with multiple objectives pursued: The Conveyor • 2022 Winter Issue
Quality of accepted fill based on hydrogeologic connectivity to aquifers, fill that could be compacted as needed for subsequent public surface uses, revegetation to meet soil stabilization needs and to be suitable for public use and open space areas, and timing and phasing to allow for development of public use areas as soon as possible while providing for safe and efficient completion of fill placement in remaining areas of the site. Although objections were again voiced by some, cooperation between stakeholders gained support and approval of the new plan. Backfilling was projected to require 15 to 20 years, but the strong demand for disposal of excess fill reduced that to less than seven. A further refinement to the plan was made in 2018 allowing for increased fill to restore the site’s topography similar to the pre-mining hillside
and with the added benefit of sheltering campground areas from the wind. The vision and flexibility demonstrated throughout Dumbarton Quarry’s operations are essential to mine and reclamation planning. Had operations ended prematurely, the full site benefits of aggregate resources, beneficial reuse of excess soil, and the extent of development as a significant regional park would not have been possible. Not every quarry can be backfilled and not every mine site can be reclaimed as a park, but public and agency recognition and acceptance of mines as an essential land use may provide unforeseen future benefits. n David Brown has a 40-year career in environmental planning and permitting. He is president of Benchmark Resources, a firm specialized in mine planning, permitting and regulatory compliance, with a statewide presence.
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AIR QUALITY
Air District, Materials Producers Work Together for Air Quality By Suzanne Seivright, Director of Regional Government Affairs and Grassroots Operations, CalCIMA
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CalCIMA members and South Coast AQMD staff had the necessary information to create a rule that minimized operational disruptions at industry facilities while allowing the agency to account for surplus emissions reductions from industry. This included several industry-led virtual facility tours.
outh Coast Air Quality Management District’s (AQMD) Governing Board approved Rule 1147.1 ‘Aggregate Dryers’ that aims to reduce nitrogen oxide (NOx) and carbon monoxide (CO) pollutants from industrial drying equipment. The rule was developed in response to the phase-out of South Coast AQMD’s ‘Regional Clean Air Incentives Market (RECLAIM)’ program and to meet BARCT development deadlines under AB 617. CalCIMA members operate local plants and facilities throughout the region, producing aggregate, concrete, asphalt, and industrial minerals. These materials are all necessary to California’s infrastructure, among other 18
essential uses. Over the course of years, CalCIMA members engaged with South Coast AQMD staff to help develop this new rule to regulate burners used to dry aggregate. CalCIMA member participation and education of South Coast AQMD staff was vital to the rulemaking process. CalCIMA members helped ensure that South Coast AQMD had the necessary information to create a rule that minimized operational disruptions at industry facilities while allowing the agency to account for surplus emissions reductions from industry. This included several industry-led virtual facility tours. Rule 1147.1 can be a costly rule to comply with since it can trigger significant upgrades at facilities.
The rule is not only limited to the combustion equipment that will need to be replaced but also inclusive of the overall facility designs that will need to be overhauled to accommodate the new combustion equipment. As a result, land entitlements may need to be addressed, and CEQA may be triggered in relation to these entitlements. Additionally, AB 617 speeds up the compliance process adding another costly layer of complexity. South Coast AQMD and the construction materials industry efforts to address critical rulemaking issues was vital to maintaining operations and maximizing the reduction of emissions in communities. These efforts led to the development of a The Conveyor • 2022 Winter Issue
rule that maximized the continuity of most facilities while achieving environmental and health improvements as required by law. Significant knowledge sharing between industry and South Coast AQMD staff occurred during the frequent and intense rulemaking discussions. As a result of the
collaboration, Rule 1147.1 meets most stakeholders’ interests. Rule 1147.1 impacts around 33 aggregate facilities representing around 92 pieces of equipment. Of this population, approximately 21 different asphalt companies have units impacted, equating to about 48 dryers.
The table below highlights key components of the new rule. For additional information please visit South Coast AQMD’s website at http://www.aqmd.gov/ home/rules-compliance/rules/ scaqmd-rule-book/proposedrules/rule-1147-1. n
Topic
Rule Language
Definition – Aggregate Material
“Particulate materials used in construction and industrial manufacturing, including recycled concrete, recycled asphalt, and quarried materials such as sand, gravel, and crushed stone.”
Definition – Aggregate Dryer
“Any combustion equipment fired with gaseous fuel used to reduce or minimize the moisture content of aggregate material, including dryers, rotary dryers, fluidized bed dryers and rotary kilns.”
BARCT limits - NOx
30PPM NOx.
BARCT limit – CO
1000PPM CO. Units with existing permit limit ≤40PPM – By July 1 after the year burner is 32 years old.
Trigger for compliance
All other units with burners installed prior to 2009 – By July 1, 2022. All other units with burners installed on or after 2009 – By July 1 after the year burner is 12 years old.
Implementation schedule for operators of multiple facilities
18 months after the permit to construct is issued.
Implementation schedule for new replacements instead of retrofits
Units to be replaced would be given 36 months to permanently shut down to provide operators additional time to manage installation of the new unit. ≥40MBtu/hr – conduct source testing every year but no earlier than 6 months after the previous source test.
Monitoring – Source testing
≥10MBTU/hr and less than 40MBTU/hr – conduct source test every 3 calendar years. <10MBtu/hr – conduct a source test every 5 years but no earlier than 54 calendar months after the previous source test.
Shut Down Provision The Conveyor • 2022 Winter Issue
On or before 36 months after the date a permit application is due pursuant to the date compliance is triggered. 19
BUILDING A NEW CONCRETE BATCH PLANT? MODIFYING AN EXISTING CONCRETE BATCH PLANT? WANT TO COMPARE YOUR POLLUTION CONTROLS TO OTHERS? CalCIMA's Ready Mixed Concrete Process Water Best Management Practices Manual can help! Learn more about: • Return Material Management
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We are a client-focused environmental consulting firm and CalCIMA member specializing in air quality, water quality and land use issues impacting manufacturing and industrial facilities as well as the construction and marine construction industries. Our staff of consultants and former air quality regulators with decades of permitting and compliance experience travel the country providing expertise in regulatory training, assisting industry groups all while advocating for our clients. The ARB’s Regulation for Criteria Pollutant & Toxic Emissions Reporting (CTR) is a broad expansion of facility reporting for criteria air pollutant and toxic air contaminant emissions. Calendar year 2022 emissions reporting will be to your local district, but in some cases may be directly to ARB. We help facilities understand the requirements, so emissions are reported accurately. We help avoid overstating emissions due to inadequate data and the use of unfavorable default emission factors. We help you get the planning done right for the reports due in 2023.
The Truck & Bus Regulation uses ARB’s TRUCRS system for reporting. By January 31, 2022 on-road fleets need to report changes and update compliance options. The Off-road Diesel Regulation uses ARB’s DOORS system for reporting. By March 1, 2022 off-road fleets need to report changes and update compliance options. We help fleets understand the requirements, get the reporting done right and help you plan for the future.
SUSTAINABILITY
Demand for Sustainable Construction Creates New Opportunities in Concrete
W
By Christie Gamble, Senior Director of Sustainability, CarbonCure Technologies
ith more focus than ever on embodied carbon in construction, demand for low carbon and carbon neutral building materials is increasing. This demand is primarily being driven by a number of stakeholders across the industry: •
Private project owners seeking to meet corporate environmental, social and governance initiatives (ESG)
•
The AEC community striving toward SE 2050 and Architecture 2030
•
Government agencies committed to addressing climate change (e.g., the Bay Area Low-Carbon Concrete Codes)
Concrete producers are in a unique position to meet the demands of these stakeholders, differentiate themselves in the market, and attract new business by creating low carbon concrete products to capitalize on the growing demand.
WHAT IS EMBODIED CARBON?
Embodied carbon is the carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions created during the manufacturing of building materials (material extraction, transport to manufacturer, manufacturing), the transport of those materials to the job site, and the construction practices used. Put simply: Embodied carbon is the carbon footprint of a building or infrastructure project before it becomes operational. 22
A CarbonCure valve box in front of a gas tank.
With advances in reducing operational carbon (the carbon that comes from energy, heat, lighting, etc.), data from the World Green Building Council indicates that embodied carbon is becoming a larger portion of a building's overall carbon footprint. Since concrete is the most abundant human-made material on the planet, it stands to reason that innovation in concrete offers the biggest potential for embodied carbon reduction in the built environment. While there is no silver bullet for carbon neutral concrete, concrete is made up of so many ingredients and there are lots of ways to reduce the carbon impact of the individual components and processes.
REDUCING THE EMBODIED CARBON OF CONCRETE Many solutions exist today that can help move the needle on embodied carbon in concrete. They are typically categorized into three areas: low carbon fuels, low carbon blended cement and carbon removal technologies.
1. Low Carbon Fuels The cement industry has been focused on fuel efficiency for a number of years for both costreduction and carbon-reduction reasons. More recently, the industry began evaluating the move from traditional fuels like coal to low carbon fuels like renewable natural gas, recycled waste fuels and even carbon neutral fuels. These alternative fuels can reduce the carbon emissions of cement manufacturing by up to 40 percent. However, there are some limitations based on the type of technology used for clinker manufacturing. 2. Low Carbon Blended Cements Many producers are already using Portland Limestone Cement (PLC) and supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) in their cement or concrete mixes. PLC is a blended cement with a higher limestone content than Portland cement, resulting in more environmentally-friendly construction. Recently, Caltrans The Conveyor • 2022 Winter Issue
adapted its specifications to allow the use of PLC in its projects. Further optimizing the use of these materials could also greatly reduce cement and concrete emissions. 3. Carbon Removal Technologies Innovation in carbon removal technologies is arguably the most exciting development in the concrete industry. Carbon capture makes it possible to capture up to 100 percent of the carbon emissions from cement manufacturing. These captured emissions can be safely stored deep underground, injected back into concrete to strengthen it, or used to make other products like synthetic aggregates or fuels. Blue Planet Blue Planet’s technology uses CO2 as a raw material for making carbonate rocks. The carbonate rocks can be used as aggregate in place of natural limestone rock mined from quarries. The company is in the process of building a plant in Pittsburg, California, and recently completed a successful test project at San Francisco Airport. CarbonCure CarbonCure Ready Mix and CarbonCure Precast technologies introduce CO2 as an admixture where it becomes permanently mineralized in the concrete. The mineralized CO2 increases the concrete’s strength, which enables producers to reduce the amount of cement content in their mixes without compromising performance. CarbonCure won the global Carbon XPRIZE with its latest technology: CarbonCure Reclaimed Water. This innovative system helps producers replace The Conveyor • 2022 Winter Issue
virgin cement requirements while reusing water from plants by stabilizing and preserving the reactivity of the cement solids present in reclaimed water. Svante Svante is a carbon capture technology that can capture CO2 directly from industrial sources such as cement kilns at less than half the capital cost of existing solutions. Svante enables technology like CarbonCure to complete the circle in the “circular economy,” as CarbonCure demonstrated during the early stages of the Carbon XPRIZE.
WHAT DOES THIS MEAN FOR PRODUCERS?
The solutions and technologies highlighted represent only a fraction of the emerging innovation available to decarbonize concrete. And over the next decade, concrete producers will have access to even more solutions to deliver low carbon concrete. Simultaneously, demand from governments, building owners and construction firms will continue to rise. This demand represents a significant opportunity for business growth for producers who choose to work with climateoriented companies and present solutions to meet those demands. Concrete companies equipped with QC teams that are empowered to quickly and effectively evaluate and implement new innovation, as well as business development teams that can work with local specifiers and businesses to meet low carbon material demand are likely to flourish in the years to come. n
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CLEAN TRUCKS
California Air Resources Board Approves Heavy-Duty Vehicle Inspection and Maintenance Program Program begins screening for potential high emitting vehicles on January 1, 2023 By Suzanne Seivright, Director of Regional Government Affairs and Grassroots Operations, CalCIMA
T
he California Air Resources Board (CARB) approved the Heavy-Duty Vehicle Inspection and Maintenance Program (HD I/M Program), requiring trucks and buses over 14,000 GVWR to obtain valid CARB compliance certificates. The program will cover roughly 1 million vehicles operating in California, ensuring that emission control systems maintain the same efficiency as the vehicle ages. This program does not apply to zero-emission vehicles. AIR QUALITY BENEFITS This new program implements SB 210, authored by Senator and ex-officio Board member Connie Leyva in 2019, directing CARB to develop and implement a new heavy-duty inspection and maintenance program to control emissions more effectively. "I am beyond excited that this historic program will finally be implemented across California and that it will result in the largest reduction of NOx emissions since the truck and bus regulations were adopted in 2008. Just as passenger vehicles have already been doing this for decades, it is long overdue that big diesel trucks undergo smog check testing so that we can continue to clean our air and improve cleaning the air across our state." Senator Leyva said. CARB Chair Liane Randolph stated, "This first-in-the-nation program will prevent trucks and buses from emitting unhealthy 26
Photo provided by Holliday Rock.
The new program will finally be implemented across California and will result in the largest reduction of NOx emissions since the truck and bus regulations were adopted in 2008.
pollutants from their engines for the life of the vehicle. This commonsense measure will provide the pollution reductions we urgently need to achieve federal air quality standards and deliver cleaner air to impacted communities near ports, freeways, and warehouses." CARB projects statewide emission benefits in 2024 of 30 tons/day NOx reduced and 650 pounds/day PM reduced.
The first phase of the HD I/M Program implementation begins January 1, 2023, including vehicle screenings via remote sensing devices and vehicle owners' establishment of accounts in the HD I/M Program database by July 1, 2023. The second phase begins July 1, 2023, inclusive of enforcement of compliance certificates and DMV registration holds.
PROGRAM REQUIREMENTS Vehicle owners will be responsible for performing periodic vehicle compliance tests, registering with the HD I/M Program database to report owner/company information and vehicle information, and obtain and maintain vehicle compliance certificates in the vehicles.
TESTING OPTIONS The HD I/M Program establishes periodic testing for vehicles operating in California in one of two manners: Vehicles equipped with on-board diagnostic telematics software (OBD) or vehicles not equipped with OBD. All vehicles will be subject to biannual testing. The Conveyor • 2022 Winter Issue
TESTING REQUIREMENTS Passing criteria of OBD data would include no malfunction indicator lights and no active fault codes or permanent codes. If an issue is identified in the data submission, a follow-up will be required within 45 days.” The program presents different options for OBD testing and data submissions, including certified telematics service providers, quick stop test locations, and third-party mobile testers. Certified telematics service providers – According to CARB staff, the certified telematics service providers would implement OBD testing requiring little to no driver intervention. The process would be carried out as follows: – Data is collected from a certified OBD OEM or aftermarket telematics device; – Data is transferred remotely from the device to the device vendor's database; and – Data is submitted to the CARB HD I/M Program database through a standardized format. Quick stop testing - Another option for OBD testing is Quick Stop testing, in which a vehicle can visit specific locations and use certified testing devices to perform necessary inspections. A certified device would automatically collect the required inspection data upon being plugged into the OBD port and upload testing results to the CARB HD I/M Program database and confirm data submission. Third-party mobile testers For non-OBD equipped vehicles operating in the state of California, the CARB HD I/M Program allows for third-party mobile testers to utilize the SAE J1667 snap The Conveyor • 2022 Winter Issue
acceleration testing procedure. The test is the same smoke opacity test currently in place for CARB's Periodic Smoke Inspection Program (PSIP and CARB's HeavyDuty Vehicle Inspection Program (HDVIP) that will both be replaced by the HD I/M Program. REMOTE SENSING DEVICES The HD I/M Program will utilize remote sensing devices as well as automated license plate recognition cameras to identify high emitting vehicles. Operators would drive through roadside stations while the necessary data is captured and transferred to CARB. Vehicles tagged as high emitters would then be required to submit passing OBD or opacity testing data results into the CARB HD I/M database within 45 days.
COMPLIANCE CERTIFICATES SB 210 requires that vehicles possess a valid CARB HD I/M Program compliance certificate to legally operate in the state of California. Program criteria to obtain a certificate of compliance includes being in good standing with periodic test requirements, no outstanding enforcement actions on the vehicle, as well as paying the required $30/vehicle fee. The program will block DMV registrations without a valid compliance certificate. Additional information regarding this program can be obtained at CARB's website at https://ww2. arb.ca.gov/our-work/programs/ heavy-duty-inspection-andmaintenance-program. n
KERRY HOOVER
909-772-3121 khoover@calcontractor.com
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NATIONAL NEWS
National Association News INDUSTRIAL MINERALS ASSOCIATION – NORTH AMERICA (IMA-NA) On Nov. 22, the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) published a Notice of Intent “To Amend Land Use Plans Regarding Greater Sage Grouse Conservation and Prepare Associated Environmental Impact Statements.” This marks the beginning of BLM’s effort to replace the Sage Grouse management plans established under the Trump Administration and replace them with new plans to manage habitat for the Sage Grouse on BLM lands in CA, CO, ID, MT, NV, ND, OR, SD, UT, and WY. BLM asked for public comment on several management issues that it may focus on when it formalizes the Sage Grouse management plans, including: The identification, management of areas referred to as ‘‘Sagebrush Focal Areas (SFAs);’’ the use of mitigation strategies – including compensatory mitigation – to address disturbance to Sage Grouse habitat; and leasing and management of mineral and renewable energy resources on Sage Grouse habitat. BLM’s Notice provisions pose a threat to the mining industry in the Western US. The implementation of SFAs would include withdrawing over 10 million acres of BLM land from development, including mining. The use of compensatory mitigation could create a “pay-to-play” system whereby permittees would fund BLM pet projects that don’t mitigate actual project impacts before getting a permit. BLM also proposes to treat mining and renewable energy projects differently by requiring miners to jump through various permitting hoops, but doesn’t seem to require the same for renewable projects. The BLM has given the public until Feb. 7 to comment. IMA-NA is drafting comments pushing back against this rule and encouraging our colleagues throughout the mining industry to do the same.
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NATIONAL ASPHALT PAVEMENT ASSOCIATION (NAPA) The National Asphalt Pavement Association (NAPA) unveiled its ambitious plan for the industry to reach net zero carbon emissions by 2050 at its 2022 Annual Meeting in Scottsdale, Ariz. this month. Developed in concert with members and academics, the plan sets forth four industry-wide goals for reducing carbon emissions generated in the combustion of fossil fuels – one of the leading causes of global warming, according to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the global authority on the issue. NAPA’s plan is called The Road Forward: A Vision for Net Zero Carbon Emissions for the Asphalt Pavement Industry. In announcing the initiative at its Annual Meeting, NAPA embarked on a multi-year initiative to engage, educate, and empower the U.S. asphalt community to produce and construct net zero carbon emission asphalt pavements by 2050. Research, resources, and best practices will be posted on AsphaltPavement.org/Forward. The four industry goals posted there were developed by a task force of staff, members, and academics and approved by NAPA’s volunteer leaders. Their actions were spurred not only by the IPCC declaration that human activities are warming the planet, but also by the realities influencing business, government, and even personal decisions like where to work. For example, the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act and Build Back Better Act include opportunities and incentives to improve infrastructure resiliency, sustainability, and reliability while reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Meanwhile, Millennials and Gen Z workers seek employment that aligns with their personal values, which include environmental
stewardship at levels not seen in prior generations. “The industry has consistently risen to the occasion when challenges have arisen, and once again, we are being called to action,” NAPA Vice President for Engineering, Research, & Technology J. Richard Willis, Ph.D., said in NAPA’s Asphalt Pavement magazine. “NAPA stands ready to help its members rise to this challenge.” NATIONAL STONE, SAND & GRAVEL ASSOCIATION (NSSGA) NSSGA invites you to join us for our 2022 Annual Convention and AGG1 Aggregates Academy & Expo in Nashville, TN on March 27-31. This will be the first time NSSGA has met for these events in person in two years. Not only will these sessions be in-person, but they will also be recorded. This content will be available for purchase when registering for the event. We are delivering on our promise to bring NSSGA to you! Get registered by visiting nssga.org. The Annual Convention’s topics will set the stage for our year. Many new sessions will focus on issues that our members told us matter most. From issues of Environmental, Sustainability, Community Relations, and Succession & Estate Planning, we are working to ensure that the Annual Convention connects you with the leading experts in the field. Additional highlights will include special programming for our Small Producers and our featured CEO Roundtable. You will have the opportunity to network with others in the same industry! After our Annual Convention, AGG1 features industry-focused educational programming and comprehensive exhibits that showcase the latest technologies and innovations in aggregatesrelated equipment, products and services. Among these services
The Conveyor • 2022 Winter Issue
is networking and learning from industry peers. For 2022, we have a dynamic line-up of industry experts with offers of 60 sessions. There will be four important education tracks which include several legal sessions: Operations & Production, Safety & Health, Environment & Sustainability, and Business & People Management. Other highlights include our first-ever M&S Reception where we welcome our new members and connect with our industry partners. You don’t want to miss out! AGG1 is the industry’s leading resource for aggregate industry professionals. We look forward to seeing you in Nashville.
increased resources, we had two site tour events in California in 2021. The first in Paradise, piggybacking on the Habitat projects there and the second in Escondido. We’ve provided specification guidance to international design firms such as Gensler, Arup and Cannon Design to ensure performancebased specifications with lower carbon footprint in mind. We’ve engaged some of the largest tech
firms including LinkedIn, Apple and Salesforce to meet their carbon reduction goals. Results - The results have been outstanding to date in California. Concrete has increased from 33% market share in 2016 to 43% in 2021. There are still some challenges, but we are moving in the right direction. To engage with the BWS initiative in California contact Brandon Wray, bwray@nrmca.org. n
NATIONAL READY MIXED CONCRETE ASSOCIATION (NRMCA) Build with Strength 2.0 launched in 2021 to build on the success of the first 5 years of the building promotion initiative. BWS 2.0 places greater emphasis on national and state affiliate co-promotion and on sustainability issues and nowhere else has this been more successful than in California. Education - Through BWS, NRMCA, CalCIMA and CNCA partnered to present 5 webinars with AIA California. The Top 10 Ways to Reduce Concrete’s Carbon Footprint attracted over 300 attendees, the largest to date for AIA. Other topics included Specifying Sustainable Concrete, Concrete Innovations and Portland Limestone Cement. We plan to sponsor webinars with AIA California again in 2022 and increase our presence with structural engineers and the contractor community. NRMCA exhibited at 2021 Greenbuild in San Diego in September and as usual we had great conversations with some of the leading industry consultants. We will exhibit again at Greenbuild in 2022 in San Francisco, scheduled for November 2022. Project Promotion - One key strategy for 2021 was to hire a dedicated promoter for California. Brandon Wray joined NRMCA BWS team in August. As a result of
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