CalilaPonteMA Project

Bermondsey Retrofitting: Sensorial Path Calila Ponte

Calila Ribeiro da Ponte . k1557060 . Studio 10

Fig.1 Derived from Waterways and flood map, Thames Basin in MArch unit 4 and MA Landscape, Thames Edge Transitions, Kingston University London (2015)

Bermondsey Retrofitting: Sensorial Path

How can landscape architecture lead to socially cohesive places and add ecological value to cities?

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Abstract

Having as a starting point London and the River Thames, the intention is to explore the urbe in order to identify a site to test the research question.

The River Thames is the heart of London, through the eras it has been a fulcrum element of the urbe. Its functions are immensurable, from a means of transport to a defensive barrier, not forgetting the water cycle regulation functions and a source of aliment for fauna.

The river is London’s identity, it would never be such a metropolis without the presence of this great tidal river.

‘It is the golden thread of our nation’s history’ 1

How can landscape architecture lead to socially cohesive places and add ecological value to cities?

Having this question in mind the methodology of ‘derive’2 is used to perceive the space and explore the city.

This valuable analysis methodology tool induce several registers namely: video, annotations, drawings, photos.

Through this project a spontaneous flow was a constant in order to discover a sector of the city that had the characteristics to answer the proposed design question: Bermondsey – South East London.

1 - Winston Churchill 2 - Careri Francesco, Land & Scape series, Walking as an aesthetic practice, Barcelona (2002) - see full definition in glossary

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Table of Contents Abstract Research Question 10 Informing the Project 01 13 Chapter one: Derive Methodology

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Derive I

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Derive II

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Thames River Section

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Urban Voids

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Identified Typologies

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Study Sections

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Informing the Project 02 27 Chapter Two: Test Bed Site Context 29 Bermondsey Disconnected Open Spaces

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Identified Edges and Nodes

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Dominant Land Use

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Pedestrian Movement

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Impermeable Surfaces

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Permeable Surfaces

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Surface Water Circle

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Phasing Plan and Design Drivers

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Informing the Project 03 39 Chapter Three: Bermondsey Linear Park 41 Existing Fragmentation

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Proposed Connectivity

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Existing Intervention Sites

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Existing Sections

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SWOT Analysis

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Design Concept : Osmosis

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Proposed Character

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Proposed Programs of Use

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Design Evolution

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Master Plan

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Proposed Shrubs and Herbaceous

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Existing and Proposed Trees

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Proposed Hard Surfaces

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Birds Eye View . Existing

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Birds Eye View . Proposed

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Cherry Gardens a Playful Promenade

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The Street Market

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The Sensorial Garden

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Informing the Project 04 79 Chapter Four: Focus area A - Wetland Pier 83 Existing Context

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Design Evolution

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Master Plan

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Wetland Pier facing West

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Wetland Pier facing South

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Wetland Pier facing North West

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Section DD and Details

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Planting Plan

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Seasonal Sections

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Chapter Five: Focus area B - Social Hub 107 Existing Context

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Design Evolution

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Master Plan

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Overview . 1

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Orchard . A

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Contemplation Area . C

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Water Bodie . D

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Overview . 2

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Art exibition . Multi-purpose Space

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Contemplation Area . Productive Climbers

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Section FF and Details

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Orchard and Productive Climbers . Section GG

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Reflection 123 Appendix 01: Wider Context 124 Appendix 02: Test Bed Site Context 132

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Research Question

How can landscape architecture lead to socially cohesive places and add ecological value to cities?

As a landscape architect my focus lies in several different points that can lead to a more sustainable urban environment. As I see it designing spaces for people encompass social inclusion, pedestrian areas, playscapes (p.147-149)3 and ecological sustainable spaces because people need all of those factors in equilibrium in order to be fully functional and integrated.

Our environment shapes us in the same proportion that we shape our environment.

Our typical city is built around the car, massive viaducts, busy streets and parking lots. It is time to change and to give place to more walkable cities, as designers we can lead the way to integrative projects.

The aim with this project is to identify an urban area in a transitional situation, Bermondsey is the perfect bed test site due to its inherent characteristics and the current development occurring.

It is a mixed development neighbourhood that is being gentrified at a fast pace. The dominant land use is diverse, from schools to light industrial developments.

It is a multicultural and intergenerational ward, full of potential.

The investigation interest lies in create connections and interactions, provide a communal space for all, that use the existent infrastructural web of the urbe and enhances it.

3 - Lacovini in Colafranceschi Daniela, Land&ScapeSeries: Landscape + 100 words to inhabit it , Gustavo Gili, Barcelona (2007) - see full definition in glossary

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Retrofitting is a concept that generates this intervention along with connectivity and the creation of spaces for people.

The aim is to create an integrative design, a linear park connecting the urban tissue to the river front, having in mind the situationist movement 4 and the wayfinding theory by Tim Ingold 5 this linear park intends to be interactive and playful, a journey that stimulates the senses.

4 - Sadler Simon,The situationist city, MIT, London (1998) - see full definition in glossary 5 - Ingold Tim, Being Alive Essays on movement, knowledge and description, Routledge, Oxon (2011) - see full definition in glossary

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Informing the Project 01

Analysing the wider regional context6 it is possible to apprehend that the focus area is rich in terms of effluents and small water bodies, in regards to the type of soil is mainly flood plain soils and low level gravels.

It is a highly urbanized area with some green open spaces and many park opportunities.

In terms of health there is an average of 72% of healthy population in the borough nevertheless the percentage of homes with poor access to nature is very high reaching almost 80%.

The main pedestrian paths are the Thames Path and the Greenway walk it has several museums, galleries, theatres and world heritage sites such as the London Bridge and the Tower of London among others.

It is an extremely floodable area having almost 50.000 dwellings at risk.

Considering the data available it is possible to conclude that the area in study would benefit with an increase of green and permeable spaces allowing people to have access to nature in their neighbourhood and connecting this spaces with the existing green grid framework.

These permeable and biodiverse places are an important component towards mitigating flood risk, they allow water to complete its circle replenishing the aquifers and avoiding runoff and consequent flash foods.

Creating this connections will stimulate the establishment of green corridors necessary for the avifauna proliferation and subsistence.

Generate spaces for people, integrated in their context and tailored for their necessities.

6 - Refer to appendix 01 for further information on the regional context

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Chapter one: Derive Methodology

Driven by the interest of designing spaces for people the derive was a major component of the project analysis.

Influences such as the situationist movement and the act of dwelling

by Tim Ingold were determinant when identifying a test bed site and perceiving the space in study.

Walking as an intentional movement and psychogeography as a perceptive tool towards a more site specific design.

Derive is an act that not only aims to define the unconscious zones of the city, but also with the help of psychogeography attempts to investigate the psycho effects of the urban context on the individual.

‘The Derive entails playful – constructive behaviour and an awareness of psychogeographical effects; which completely distinguishes it from the classical notions of the journey and the stroll (p.98).’7 Derive methodology used by the author:

Roughly decide a boundary to explore in this specific case the Borough of Southwark Take film material and walk.

Stop when something stands out in our own perception of space and register it.

Draft conclusions that lead to a better intervention on the urban space through direct observation of patterns, reactions and behaviours.

7 - Careri Francesco, Land & Scape series, Walking as an aesthetic practice, Barcelona (2002) - see full definition in glossary

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Derive I Videos Link: https://vimeo.com/163396875 https://vimeo.com/163396874

Author’s derive

Derive II Videos Link: https://vimeo.com/169263541 https://vimeo.com/169263542

Author’s derive

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Thames River Section St Paul’s Cathedral to Tate Modern, not at scale

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Urban Voids Not to scale

Identified void spaces Potential intervention areas

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Identified Typologies Not to scale

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1

1

4

3 1

1

3

3

3

1 1

3 1

1

Open Spaces

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1

Tidal Beach

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Chanel

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Edge

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Study Sections Not to scale

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Chanel

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Open Spaces

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Open Spaces

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2

Tidal Beach

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     

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Fig.1 ‘Naked Southwark’

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Informing the Project 02

The act of derive prove to be a very useful tool when it comes to site analysis.

By approaching the city in a different perspective, bearing in mind the concepts of wayfinding and derive, it is possible to achieve great results in defining intervention areas and perceiving the ‘site specific’.

The movement of our bodies, with conscience of our being as a part of an integrated world, allows us to understand our surroundings in a very rich way. For example through the derive methodology zones where there was a lack of urban play inducing devices, hence individuals were improvising play, where identified. Which is good from a social perspective of interaction with the environment but from an architectural point of view there is a potential for creating a ‘Situation’ where subjects will then have more ways of indulging and interact with their surroundings.

This method incites a sensorial measure of the places explored, the wind, the smells, the noises, the colours and the textures. By allowing oneself to consciously be part of a place it is conceivable to register it in a far-reaching way, to feel it.

Through exploration there were identified several urban voids8 and generic green spaces, without apparent function, disconnected.

Bermondsey was the identified test bed site to create a project that would unify this voids.

8 - Corner in Shane, Grahame, ‘The Emergence of Landscape Urbanism’, Harvard Design Magazine (2003) - see full definition in glossary Fig.1 - ‘Naked Southwark’, inspired on Guy Debord and Asger Jorn, The Naked City, Sadler Simon, The situationist city, MIT (1998), p.60

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Fig.2 Southwark birds eye aerial view

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Chapter Two: Test Bed Site Context

Bermondsey located in the Borough of Southwark9 (South East London) is an urban tissue in current metamorphosis.

Gentrification is installing itself at a medium high pace, nevertheless the richness and variety of the neighbourhood is enormous.

In a dense urban environment such as London, public realm intervention must take in to account the features of the urban tissue and enhance their potential.

Bermondsey has the desirable urban characteristics to test this type of retrofitting approach: It is a mixed development area at a grave risk of exponential gentrification (Let’s keep the open spaces public).

It has a busy, with high volume of traffic, main road – Jamaica Road.

It is one of the most ethnically diverse district in the borough and in London.

In terms of land use there is a variety from light industrial to schools, churches and health services.

The existing framework of green spaces is vast, although they are in a majority sterile, just a layer of generic grass and some trees, and disconnected; without apparent function besides framing a building.

9 - Refer to appendix 02 for further information on Southwark Borough Fig.2 - Southwark birds eye aerial view, source: Google Earth © , accessed on 23/07/2016

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Bermondsey Disconnected Open Spaces Not to scale

River Thames

Generic Green Spaces

Urban Voids

Thames Path

Fig.3 Thames Path

Fig. 3 - Thames Path, derived from http://www.annierak.hoofbags.me.uk/thames.html, acessed on 23/07/2016

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Identified Edges and Nodes Not to scale

Edges: the line along which two or more surfaces meet where the characteristics of each overlay performing changes, interacting, sharing the specificities and increasing richness and variety.

Nodes: Confluence of one or more edges.

Road Edge

River Edge

Rail Edge

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Natural Edge

Dominant Land Use Not to scale

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1 - Brownfield Site - Future sub/station for Thames Tideway Tunnel

Building Area Pavement Green Areas Private Green Areas Services Existing Trees Light Industrial and storage Units 32

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Pedestrian Movement Not to Scale

Walkable impermeable areas

Impermeable Surfaces Not to Scale

Impermeable mass including buildings

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Permeable Surfaces Not to Scale

Public green spaces Private green spaces

Surface Water Circle

40 % evapotranspiration

30 % evapotranspiration

55 % runoff

10 % runoff

25 % shallow infiltration

10 % shallow infiltration

25 % deep infiltration

Natural Ground Cover

5 % deep infiltration

75% - 100% Impermeable Cover Fig.4 Stormwater runoff values according to the permeability of a surface

Fig. 4 - Stormwater runoff values according to the permeability of a surface, derived from http://www.oseh.umich.edu/environment/storm.shtml, acessed on 23/07/2016

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Phasing Plan and Design Drivers Not to scale

Permeability

Biodiversity

Connectivity

2 1

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Phase I Total area: 3.7 ha

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Phase II Total area: 0.8 ha

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Spaces for People

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Informing the Project 03

Considering the existing framework of disconnected open spaces and existing voids with unexplored potential, the aim is to create connections and increase the level of permeability and biodiversity.

Having as a text bed site Bermondsey waterfront allowed the identification of disconnected pocket open areas with potential to create a linear park, connecting not only these spaces but also the inner urban tissue with the river Thames.

Moreover this surgical intervention will improve a total of approximately 5ha space, increasing its functionalities and sustainability from the ecological and social integrative points of view.

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Fig.2 Southwark birds eye aerial view

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Chapter Three: Bermondsey Linear Park

Perceiving edges as liminal spaces where the percentage of interchange is high, creating nodes of confluent activities and characteristics10, the intention is to explore these nodes potentialities and enhance connectivity in the urban mass.

Reclaim the public realm to people.

Post identifying Bermondsey as test bed site, a series of disconnected spaces are analysed in order to create a sensorial path heading for the River and Thames path.

Organic and curvilinear forms are used to induce perambulation creating little pocket hubs along the way, with distinct functions, and connecting the main dynamic centres (nodes).

The space is thought to be metamorphic, not compromising its permeability and consequently ecological functions in terms of water circle, air purification, carbon sequester and habitat.

10 - Refer to edges diagram, p.31

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Existing Fragmentation Not to scale

Void space - Future Thames Tideway Tunnel Sub Station

Cherry Gardens Pier

Thames Path

College

Street shopps

Pub

Primary school

Church Nursery

Light industrial units Pub Railway The Kernel Brewery Sports Centre

High-end housing Social housing Disconnected green spaces 42

Proposed Connectivity Not to scale

Streets to close

New green spaces Streets to Pedestrianize 43

Existing Intervention Sites Not to scale

Chambers Street potential void facing West

Bevington Street sterile green space facing East

Bevington Street sterile green space facing North

Jamaica Street pedestrian acess facing South

St James Churchyard facing East

Dockley Rd light industrial complex facing South 44

Fountain Garden Thames Path stretch facing East

Cherry Gardens facing West

Cherry Gardens facing West

Cherry Gardens facing East

Jamaica Road Street shopps facing West

Jamaica Road facing East 45

Existing Sections Section AA

Section BB

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Section CC

Section EE

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Section FF

Section GG

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SWOT Analysis Strengths Great location next to the river Thames Part of the London Docklands history Diverse and interesting:

. mixed development

. services

. community structures

. open spaces

. green spaces

. small industry settlements Weaknesses . Manage traffic, vehicles, pedestrians and bicycles . Lack of urban play and interaction spaces . Drainage solutions Opportunities Connecting the urban fabric with the River Link the existing edges in effective ways, physically and visually Create more permeability between and inside the edges.

Making space for the river and create more permeable and biodiverse spaces The identified edges and points where they naturally merge:

. River Neckinger

. Existing open spaces

. Thames tideway tunnel site, Chambers Wharf

. Enhance cultural and natural flows Threats . Manage traffic, vehicles, pedestrians and bicycles . Lack of urban play and interaction spaces . Drainage solutions

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Design Concept : Osmosis ‘The p ​ rocess in ​plants and ​animals by which a l​iquid ​moves g ​ radually from one ​part of the ​body or the ​plant to another through a membrane‘11 Edge seen as a rich condition, where two or more realities reach each other; a space where the intensity of interchange is high.

Design Drivers • • • •

Permeability Connectivity Biodiversity Enhancement Spaces for People

Design Goals Create a connection with the river by constructing different situations and ambiances for people Preserve the existing trees Enhance the biodiversity by adding a panoply of vegetation and inducing the emergency of new habitats for wildlife Increase the level of permeability and water absorption

11- http://dictionary.cambridge.org/, acessed on 10/01/2016

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Proposed Character Not to scale

Fig. 6 - Source http://www.family-fitness.co.uk/outdoor-gym-dem onstration/, acessed on 25/07/2016

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Proposed Programs of Use Scale: na

Interaction with water Resting amenity areas Water retention Urban play Promenade Biodiversity enhancement Multi-purpose area, public activities Main Sensorial experience: Waterscape

Outdoors exercise Resting amenity areas Urban play Promenade Multi-purpose area, public activities Biodiversity enhancement Main Sensorial experience: Play Resting amenity areas Urban play Promenade Biodiversity enhancement Main Sensorial experience:

Colour

Resting amenity areas Multi-purpose area, public activities Main Sensorial experience: Exchange

Interaction with water Resting amenity areas Urban play Biodiversity enhancement Main Sensorial experience:

smell

Interaction with water Resting amenity areas Food and drink Production Main Sensorial experience:

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taste

Design Evolution

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Master Plan Not to scale

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A - Wetland Pier B - Playful Promenade C - Sensorial path D - Informal street market E - Sensorial garden F - Social hub 1 - Multi-purpose area 2 - Outdoor gym 3 - Water play 4 - Playground 5 - Orchard

Proposed planting Bushes and perennials Wild-flower turf Existing Trees Prunus ceracifera cv pissardi | Black cherry plum Salix Alba | White Willow

Proposed pavements

Prunus avium | Wild cherry

Sandblasted

Wood deck

Imprinted concrete

Wetpour Rubber Surface

Popolus tremula | Aspen Carpinus betulus | Hornbeam

River pebbles Betula alba | Silver birch

Pavers set

Acer campestre | Field maple

Stone set grey Dark pebbles

Alnus glutinosa | Alder

Grey pebbles Ailanthus altissima | Tree of heaven

White pebbles Stone set white

Proposed Trees Prunus serrulata var snow goose | Japanese cherry Quercus palustris | Swamp Oak Betula alba | Silver birch Prunus domestica var jefferson | Plum tree Pryrus communis var black worcester | Pear tree Prunus avium var black oliver | Cherry tree Malus domestica var genet moyle | Apple tree

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Proposed Shrubs and Herbaceous Not to scale Colourful perennial planting _Yellows | 1416m2

Colourful perennial planting _Whites and Browns | 1889m2

Colourful perennial planting _Mixed | 3000m2

Wetland planting | 1018m2

Wildflower turf planting | 7645m2

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|Edible;le Planting 578m2

Buffer planting | 2514m2

Aromatic planting | 1547m2

Colourful perennial planting _Purples | 685m2

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Existing and Proposed Trees

EXISTENT TREES 1 Prunus ceracifera cv pissardi | Black cherry plum

Not to scale

17 Salix Alba | White Willow

30 Prunus avium | Wild cherry

176 Popolus tremula | Aspen

3 Ailanthus altissima | Tree of heaven

3 Proposed Prunus serrulata var snow goose | Japanese cherry

7 Proposed Betula alba | Silver birch

11 Proposed Quercus palustris | Swamp

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7 Carpinus betulus | Hornbeam

17 Betula alba | Silver birch

3 Proposed Prunus avium var black oliver | Cherry tree

29 Acer campestre | Field maple

23 Alnus glutinosa | Alder 6 Proposed Malus domestica var genet moyle | Apple tree

4 Proposed Prunus domestica var jefferson | Plum tree

4 Proposed Pryrus communis var black worcester | Pear tree

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8 Proposed Quercus palustris | Swamp

Proposed Hard Surfaces

Sandblasted concrete | 578m2

Not to scale

Graphic concrete 2514m2

River gravel 1547m2

Stone paver set | 685m2

Grey cobble set | 1416m2

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Black aggregates | 1889m2

Grey aggregates 3000m2

White aggregates | 1018m2

White cobble set | 7645m2

Wood deck | 7645m2

Play rubber surface

(1 - Brian Yale

| 7645m2

1972)

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Birds Eye View . Existing Not to scale

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Birds Eye View . Proposed Not to scale

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Cherry Gardens a Playful Promenade Not to scale

• Create a resting platform to contemplate the river, along with informal urban play and an outdoor gym

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Sensorial Path Not to scale

A A

Section AA Not to scale

• Using herbaceous perennials to create a profusion of colour and movement along this path, providing pocket hubs for play and resting

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The Street Market Not to scale

• Providing a multi-purpose area in a busy commercial street to hold informal seasonal markets, fairs and small events

B

B

Section BB Not to scale

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The Sensorial Garden Not to scale

• Enhancing St.James Churchyard with aromatic planting, sustainable drainage, amenity resting areas and informal play.

C

C

Section CC Not to scale

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Organic Shapes inspired by the water movement of a tidal river

Creating amenity areas protected and at the same time providing a micro-climate

Little pocket spaces to allow multi-activities

Platforms to extend views

Providing different types of sitting accordantly to numerous possible functions

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Informing the Project 04

Inspired by the premises of Situationism the aim is to construct situations in the urban mass. The project intends to allow free flow and informal play to stimulate the senses.

The use of organic shapes to formalize de design is based on the river movement and terraces, a perambulatory path to indulge the senses and connect the intervention nodes.

The vegetation choices are an important tool to provide this sensorial journey, aromatics for their odour, perennials for their movement, texture and colour; productive species for their taste, utility and beauty.

The material choices are made in order to increase the ratio of permeable surfaces and simultaneously be diverse engaging with the sensorial character of the park.

By connecting this fragmented urban open spaces, provide them several functionalities this sector of the city is revitalized.

Six main spaces were created, connected by the perambulatory path that holds, per se, pocket spaces to rest and play.

The social hub A previous light industrial area becomes a dynamic urban plaza, with local shops, a brewery with respective beer garden and a small productive area.

The sensorial Garden Enhancing St.James Churchyard with aromatic planting, sustainable drainage, amenity resting areas and informal play.

The Street Market Providing a multi-purpose area in a busy commercial street to hold informal seasonal markets, fairs and small events.

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Playscapes

Multipurpose spaces

Productive spaces

Social engagement

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The sensorial path Using perennials to create a profusion of colour and movement along this path, providing pocket hubs for play and resting.

The Wetland Pier Create a pier that gives the illusion of being on the river shore, planting a small wetland and providing spaces for events, resting and play.

The water is retained to create a river edge and released slowly back to the Thames accordantly with the tides.

Cherry Gardens a playful promenade Create a resting platform to contemplate the river, along with informal urban play and an outdoor gym.

The Bermondsey linear park intends to acknowledge the existent potentialities and enhance them, without being too intrusive.

Furthermore the existing trees, in amazing conditions and size, are kept and the design is created taking them into account.

Mainly is intended to generate a place for people, encompassing a panoply of activities and possibilities, enhance biodiversity and increase permeability.

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Chapter Four: Focus area A - Wetland Pier

The intention is to bring the river edge close to the people, available for all, enhancing the subject relationship with water and wildlife.

The Thames being a tidal river, with an average of 7m of water variation per day, is the perfect source for the wetland which at the same time increases the space of expansion of the river.

Therefore this proposal intends not only to provide a quality place for people to enjoy the city but also to create symbiotic flood mitigation, where space for the river is created by a concealed water bodie for people and wildlife to enjoy.

This place is thought to be multi-purpose and have interested trough the seasons .

A wondrous place of interaction and contemplation on the intended sensorial journey.

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Existing Context Not to scale

Thames Path Offices Void space - Future Thames Tideway Tunnel Sub Station

Cherry Gardens Pier

Cherry Gardens

College

Proposed pedestrian links Existing pedestrian links Focus area boundarie High-end housing Social housing Disconnected green spaces 84

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Design Evolution

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Master Plan Not to scale

Proposed pavements Sandblasted concrete River pebbles Imprinted concrete Pavers set White pebbles Stone set grey Proposed planting Wild-flower turf Wetland planting Colourful herbaceous Buffer planting Existing Trees Prunus avium | Wild cherry Popolus tremula | Aspen Carpinus betulus | Hornbeam Acer campestre | Field Ailanthus altissima | Tree of heaven

Proposed Trees Prunus serrulata var snow goose | Japanese cherry

Quercus palustris | Swamp Oak Betula alba | Silver birch

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Wetland Pier facing West

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1

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Wetland Pier facing South

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2

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Wetland Pier facing North West

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3

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Section DD and Details Not to scale

500 mm h. metal edge Concrete paver set (600x80), stretcher bond 50 mm mulch 50 mm sand bed 450 mm topsoil Subsoil

200 mm Type 1 sub base

Well compacted subsoil

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D

D

500 mm h. metal edge 50 mm mulch 450 mm topsoil Subsoil 50 mm mulch 450 mm topsoil 1000 mm h. metal edge 200 mm Type 1 sub base 150 mm river pebbles

Irrigation system with PE perforated pipe, double inlet for primary Dead-man guying 150 mm gravel

Tree pit 1.5m

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Hardcore

Precast concrete edging Wildflower turf Topsoil Subsoil Insitu concrete

Weldmesh

Dowels at 900 centres

Insitu concrete steps

10mm expansion joints at 6m centres formed through the full depth of the slab, filled with approved mastic filler

Insitu Concrete sandblasted Sub base granular

Detail 5 High Tide

Detail 4 High Tide 98

Detail 4 Detail 5 Detail 6

Asphalt Wildflower turf Precast concrete edging bull nosed

Sub-base granular material

Sub-grade shaped and compacted

Topsoil

Compacted ground

Subsoil Concrete base and surround

Detail 6 High Tide

Detail 4 Low Tide 99

Planting Plan Not to scale

RIVER THAMES

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FOCUS AREA 1 PLANTING AND SEASONALITY

FLOODABLE AREA / NEW RIVER EDGE

Scale: various

Betula alba

Quercus palustris

100

Wetland Mix 1 7 plants m2 Carex comans Carex phyllocephala sparkler Carex pseudocyperus Juncus effusus spiralis Juncus effusus Scirpus lacustris albescens

Spa- Spartina pectinata aureomarginata, allow for 2 plants per symbol,2l pots

20% 15% 10% 20% 20% 15%

Ca- Cyperus alternifolius allow for 2 plants per symbol, 2l pots Al- Aster laterifolius, allow for 2 plants per symbol, 2l pots Sg- Stipa gigantea, allow for 2 plants per symbol, 2l pots

Wetland Mix 2 7 plants m2 Iris pseudacorus Alisma plantago Persicaria amphibia Pontederia cordata Potentilla Palustris

Pa- Perovskia atriplicifolia, allow for 2 plants per symbol, 2l pots 30% 10% 30% 10% 20%

Seasonality chart 1

Wetland Mix 3 7 plants m2 Orontium aquaticum Myosotis scorpioides Ranunculus flamula Rorippa aquaticum

Species 25% 25% 25% 25%

Colourful perennial planting Mix 1 7 plants m2 Stipa tenuissima Luzula nivea Lysimachia ephemerum Sanguisorba officinalis Allium caeruleum

30% 20% 20% 20% 10%

Colourful perennial planting Mix 2 7 plants m2 Panicum virgatum Briza media Eupatorium perfoliatum Papaver orientale ‘Patty’s Plum’ Allium christophii

30% 20% 20% 20% 10%

Colourful perennial planting Mix 3 7 plants m2 Deschampsia cespitosa Melica uniflora Angelica gigas Allium mont everest Geranium rozanne

30% 20% 20% 10% 20%

Colourful perennial planting Mix 4 7 plants m2 Phalaris arundinacea Foeniculum vulgare purpureum Digitalis purpurea Brunera macrofila Centaurea montana

Flowering and flower colour S S A W

Stipa tenuissima Luzula nivea Lysimachia ephemerum Sanguisorba officinalis Allium caeruleum Panicum virgatum Briza media Eupatorium perfoliatum Papaver orientale ‘Patty’s Plum’ Allium christophii Deschampsia cespitosa Melica uniflora Angelica gigas Allium mont everest Geranium rozanne Phalaris arundinacea Foeniculum vulgare purpureum Digitalis purpurea Brunera macrofila Centaurea montana Miscanthus sinensis Baptisia australis Anthriscus sylvestris, ‘Raven’s Wing

Serratula seoanei Convallaria majalis Persicaria amplexicaulis Eragostis curvula Salvia × sylvestris ‘Mainacht’

Structural Interest Leaf Colour S S A W S S A W

W W

W

W W W

W W W

Spartina pectinata aureomarginata

30% 20% 20% 20% 10%

Cyperus alternifolius Aster laterifolius Stipa gigantea

W

Perovskia atriplicifolia ‘Blue Spire’

Seasonality chart 2

Colourful perennial planting Mix 5 7 plants m2 Miscanthus sinensis 30% Baptisia australis 20% Anthriscus sylvestris, ‘Raven’s Wing’ 20% Serratula seoanei 15% Convallaria majalis 15%

Colourful perennial planting Mix 6 7 plants m2 Briza media Persicaria amplexicaulis Eragrostis curvula Salvia × sylvestris ‘Mainacht’ Allium caeruleum

30% 20% 20% 20% 10%

Species Carex comans Carex phyllocephala sparkler Carex pseudocyperus Juncus effusus spiralis Juncus effusus Scirpus lacustris albescens Iris pseudacorus Alisma plantago Persicaria amphibia Pontederia cordata Potentilla Palustris Orontium aquaticum Myosotis scorpioides Ranunculus flamula Rorippa aquaticum Quercus palustris Betula alba

101

Flowering and flower colour S S A W

W

W W

Structural Interest S S A W

S

Leaf Colour S A W

Seasonal Sections Not to scale

Section EE Winter

Section EE Spring

102

E E

103

Seasonal Sections Not to scale

Section EE Summer

Section EE Autumn

104

105

106

Chapter Five: Focus area B - Social Hub

The aim is to transform a small light industrial area into a social Hub. Informed by the existent Kernel Brewery the intention is to create a multifunctional beer garden that at the same time produces the bare ingredients to conceive beer and cider.

A place where people can gather and relax, after going to the gym12or on its way back from the river front.

The stores underneath the railway are kept and integrated on the design.

The objective is to create a space for community network that allows several events to take place such as workshops or art exhibitions. A place for children and adults to play and connect with nature.

I see this place as a catalyst of community engagement where people can enjoy and also take advantage of the sub products of the space, for instance generating small local business opportunities.

The main sensorial experience explored is taste.

12 - Refer to p.108, for local context

107

Existing Context Not to scale

Medical practice

Pub

Church

Railway The Kernel Brewery

Pub

Sports Centre

Light industrial units

High-end housing

Proposed pedestrian links Existing pedestrian links

Social housing

Focus area boundarie

Disconnected green spaces 108

109

Design Evolution

110

111

Master Plan Not to scale

Bakery

Coffee

Food 1

Brewery

Produce Store

Food 2

Multi-purpose Space Art gallery Farmers Market Flee Market Parties Theathre

112

Proposed pavements White pebbles River pebbles White cobble set Wood deck Stone set grey

Grey Gravel

Proposed planting Wild-flower turf Wetland planting Colourful herbaceous perennials Buffer planting

Edible planting

Grasses Ground cover plants

Edible climbers Existing Trees Popolus tremula | Aspen

Orchard Ailanthus altissima | Tree of heaven Proposed Trees Quercus palustris | Swamp Oak Betula alba | Silver birch Prunus domestica var jefferson | Plum tree Pryrus communis var black worcester | Pear tree Prunus avium var black oliver | Cherry tree Malus domestica var genet moyle | Apple tree Pond

‘Better Bankside colourful crossing Benches / Rocks

113

D

Overview . 1

Orchard . A

114

C A

Contemplation Area . C

Water Bodie . D

115

Overview . 2

116

Art exibition . Multi-purpose Space

117

Contemplation Area . Productive Climbers

118

Section FF and Details Not to scale

F

F

500 mm h. metal edge

Ground cover planting Stone set (60x60), stack bond 50 mm sand bed 200 mm Type 1 sub base

50 mm mulch 450 mm topsoil

Subsoil

119

Orchard and Productive Climbers . Section GG Not to scale

120

G G

121

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Reflection

Bermondsey a Sensorial Path developed into a wide cognitive opportunity of learning through the process of a psychogeographical journey of unplanned spacial choreographies.

Perception of space, urbe and people allowed the conception of places, using different methodologies and architectural approaches.

The voids and sterile spaces that acted as stimulus and opportunities are an example how underused neighbourhoods can become more interactive and ecologically valuable.

Through this Master Project the subject of study, the ‘Derive as a tool for Design’ and the Situationist Movement were widely tested in different contexts and subjects, always gathering information and widening the spectrum of investigation.

The Situationist movement is immensely inspirational and its principles of social justice, adaptability and flows of creativity are very much pertinent today as they were in its flourish time!

Let us dream and hope for better cities, let us break the norm and advocate for a city for all, humans and wildlife, not for cars or classes!

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Appendix 01: Wider Context

Brief analysis of GLA natural signatures and how they relate to the potential intervention site.

The aim is to understand the Landscape value of the space in study and explore its connections and interactions within a broader scale.

Landscape must always be perceived as a complex and dynamic system which integrates several dimensions namely: the ecological concerning the physical and biologic sectors of ecosystems, the cultural addressing historical meaning, the socio economic relative to human activity that permanently interacts and changes the landscape and the sensorial connected with the way landscapes are perceived. This interaction allows the growth of the identity and narrative capacity of a landscape.

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Fig.2 London Cityscrape Skyline Aerial View, source: http://www.gtreview.com/, accessed on 14/07/2016

125

Thames Bassin Waterways and flood map,from MArch unit 4 and MA Landscape, Thames Edge Transitions, not to scale

Ecological and Landscape Zones Plan derived from All London Green Grid, not to scale

126

Green Grid Areas Plan derived from All London Green Grid, not to scale

Framework Plan Plan derived from GiGL data 2011 © Crown Copyright; not to scale

127

Healthy Communities Plan derived from GiGL data 2011 © Crown Copyright; not to scale

% Health Population by Borough Plan derived from National Statistics Census data 2011 © Crown Copyright; not to scale

128

Relationship between Green Spaces and % of Healthy Population not to scale

% Of Homes with Poor Access to Nature Plan derived from LondonMapper, 2012, not to scale

129

London’s Walking Map Plan derived from AlanBaxter LNS and TFL Walk London, not to scale

Thames Riverside Spaces Plan derived from All London Green Grid, not to scale

130

London’s Flood Risk Map Plan derived from Geoinformation Group ltd 2009 © Crown Copyright; not to scale

350 sq km land area 55 sq km designated habitat sites 1.25 million residents (plus commuters, tourists and other visitors) Over 500,000 homes Percentage at risk

40,000 commercial and industrial properties

Dwellings at risk (in thousands)

Hammersmith and Fulham Newham Southwark Tower Hamlets Barking and Dagenham Greenwich Richmond upon Thames Wandsworth Bexley Lewisham

£200 billion current property value

59.228

Key Government buildings

59.228

over 3100 hectares of sensitive heritage sites

46.173

400 schools

34.018 25.752

16 hospitals

23.224

8 Power stations

20.031 19.827

More than 1000 electricity substations

19.818

4 World Heritage sites Art galleries and historic buildings

16.525

167 km of railway 35 Tube stations 51 Rail stations (25 mainline, 25 DLR, 1 international) Over 300 km of Roads Fig.3 Flooding risk in London, source: http://www.independent.co.uk/, Lizzie

Table.1 Assets and people at risk in the tidal Thames floodplain, source:

Dearden article from 11/02/2015 accessed on 16/07/2016

Environmental agency TE2100 Plan

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Appendix 02: Test Bed Site Context

Analysis of the test bed site specificities, constrains and opportunities.

Bermondsey is a district of the London borough of Southwark is believed to be one of the oldest parts of the ward.

Historic facts 13 During medieval times the leather industry was a prominent factor of the district economy, later on the XVIX century the tinned food industry took over.

Due to its industrial character and docklands proximity, it was always a place with extreme fluctuations of population and consequently poor salubrity conditions.

During the Second World War it was heavily bombed.

13 - http://www.southwark.gov.uk/info/200159/history_of_southwark/1009/bermondsey_history, accessed on 07/08/2016

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133

Southwark Surface Water Flood Risk Plan derived from Southwark local flood risk management strategy not to scale

Test bed Site Borough administrative boundary Critical drainage area Permanent water bodies Main river Ordinary Watercourse Culvert watercourse <0.1 m 0.1m to 0.25m 0.25m to 0.5m 0.5m to 1.0m 1.0m to 1.5m >1.5m 134

Southwark Conservation Areas Map derived from land registry index not to scale

Conservation areas Woodland TPO zones Test bed Site

135

Southwark Green Spaces Map derived from land registry index not to scale

Tree canopies( proximi tree) Parks and open spaces Test bed Site

136