Slave Trade Essay

Maryam Hussein

11:45–12:45

OUTLINE

Title: Civ 102

Question: How did the slave trade affect West Africa?

I. Introduction (18 pts)

A.Context (8 pts):

During the beginning of the 14 to 18 centuries, the slave trade started in West Africa, several of tribes and kings started to sell African slaves to Europeans and get guns and wealth instead from Europeans.

B.Thesis Statement (10 pts): Trading slaves in WestAfrica had changed the entire world in several ways, such as the growth of plantation in the new world, decrease while increase other societies' population, and centralization and involving in the society of new civilizations.

II. Supporting Argument 1 (24 pts)

A.Topic sentence (6 pts): increasing the amount of civil war in West Africa between different tribes because of the kidnapping African free and slave's people from their homes by the authority of other African's tribes.

B....show more content...

Evidence 1 (6 pts):

1)Description (2 pts): the slave trade was an issue that was against human's rights because people who were crossing the Atlantic Ocean, they were either died due to the diseases, hunger, or committing suicide.

C.Interpretation (4 pts): The situation of slave trade disappointed many of African's dreams of being free and having a peaceful and happy life.

D.Evidence 2 (6 pts): Olauduh Equiano is an example of the slave trade , who was 11 years old when he was taken far away from his land to

work in the new world as a slave.

E.Olauduh and many other African people were kidnapped from their home to coast where they sold them to the Europeans' merchants who treated them badly by flogging their back if they revolted the

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Nearing the end of the Renaissance, in the 15th century, came the Age of Exploration. Many great explorers came from this period, including the great Portuguese explorer, Vasco de Gama and the famous explorer for Spain, Christopher Columbus. People like these that discovered many new routes and lands, claiming them under the name of the monarch they served. They wanted the riches new things could offer them. Curiosity and Want were new things for the people of theMiddle Ages, but by the end of the Renaissance many of those who had money to spend on such things wanted more, because they were curious about the world and all these new things that were coming to them. However sometimes this come with a cost.

The Renaissance...show more content... Slave Trade became an extreme part of exploration. In the discovery of new places, there was also the discovery of new peoples. And because of a difference of skin color, or religion, of beliefs, one group is decided inferior. This was the case with many places inEurope, such as Britain, The Dutch, Spain and especially Portugal. Many of the early Portuguese expeditions led them to or around Africa, leading them to come across the African people who lived there. The Europeans met with the leaders of the tribes, and showered them with gifts they brought from Europe. They built up trade with the tribes, gaining the trust of the leaders. The leaders of the tribes decided to repay the Explorers with slaves for them to use. Most of these slaves were actually prisoners of war from when tribes fought against each other. The leader of the tribe would gift the Explorer slaves who would then be taken back to Portugal. In the beginning they were mostly taken back to Portugal and used domestically to take care of manors other large properties, however as sugarcane was discovered in America, that would soon Get

In the 19th century Gold Coast, slavery was widespread, but under a different guise than what is traditional from a western civilization standpoint. Because the main good produced and exported in the region, palm oil, could easily be processed by women men were hardly if ever used. Before the outlawing of the Atlantic slave trade they were sold off to the highest bidder, usually places that required hard labor women were not as skilled at. Some benefits of primarily using female slaves were sex, reproduction (more slaves), as well as the lower likelihood of attempted escapes. It was also easier to get away with women slaves after slavery was banned in British colonies. In the 19th century, Great Britain was a relatively liberal and progressive empire, criminalizing the Atlantic slave trade in 1807 and abolishing slavery altogether throughout the empire in 1835. After Great Britain assumed control of the Asante empire following the Anglo–Asante war, naturally slavery was theoretically outlawed throughout the region known as the Gold Coast. If a slave holder was brought to court there were many safe–guards, such as the paternalism of Britain, "In the dominate British colonial conception of the world, it was natural for the family, the state, and indeed the empire to be run by 'father' figures whose duty it was to both protect their children/wards/women and to also make decisions for them...many [British magistrates] frequently accepted the arguments that alleged slaves were in

Trans–Atlantic slave trade, as we know it today, has its origins in the mid–renaissance period. It has been estimated that as early as the 15th century, Europeans began constructing trade forts and castles in West Africa. At first it was the Portuguese, during the "Age of Exploration", that began exploring the coast of WestAfrica in search of gold and for a sea route to Asia (Essah 32). From the mid sixteenth century, Portugal's tenure on the Gold Coast faced serious challenges from other European traders. The French and English arrived there in the 1550s, the Dutch in 1595, while the 1640s witnessed the arrival of the Swedes and the Danes, followed by Germans from the state of Brandenburg in 1683 (Essah 34). Primarily, it was the Dutch that began establishing trade fortifications on the Gold Coast, and presented the biggest threat to the Portuguese.

Despite the fact that the Dutch had their own fortifications on the Gold Coast, they...show more content...

In fact, the three renowned Gold Coast Castles, El Mina, Cape Coast, and Fort Christiansborg changed hands frequently among the several European powers that profited off the gold trade, and later, the Trans–Atlantic Slave Trade. The importance of these edifices can't be understated. The forts and castles served a variety of purposes ranging from company headquarters, residence for agents, staff and servants, a stronghold for storing trade goods, and a defensive bulwark against enemy attacks (Essah 36). Even so, all shared the common goal of helping to facilitate trade involving the exchange of European goods for gold, ivory and slaves in the Gold Coast (Essah 36). The aforementioned three Gold Coast castles could hold up to one hundred cannons as well as provide enough space for European traders, garrison, and staff. In addition, these castles had underground dungeons that were able to fit close to 1,000 slaves at a

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In 1510, King Ferdinand of Spain sent 200 Africans to his nation's colonies in the Americas to clear land and to work rice, sugar, tobacco, and other crops. The African slaves resisted European diseases more than indigenous Americans and European indentured servants; and, readily adapted to agricultural work in tropical climates. As the African's work proved fruitful, the Spanish and Portuguese soon entered into trans–Atlantic slave trade agreements with various ethnic nations in Africa to ensure a continual supply of labor for their expanding agricultural economies in Brazil, the Caribbean, and the Americas. In response to demands for African labor from other countries, the Spanish Crown developed a system of licenses, 'Asientos ', that allowed merchants from Portugal, Holland and Britain to purchase slaves at wholesale costs that ranged from three dollars to twenty dollars.

By the end of the 1500s, the extent and impact of the transatlantic slave trade surpassed the level of cruelty than any form of slavery that previously existed in Africa. When the Portuguese, Spanish, and Dutch transported over 200,000 people from Africa to the colonies in the Caribbean and the Americas. After 1663, the English intensified the slave trade after its investors formed the Company of Royal Adventurers, a slave trade conglomerate. By 1668, over a quarter of the company's profits resulted from trading millions of slaves to the West Indies and Virginia.

Many African nations strongly Get more content

Contrary to belief, Africa prior to colonialism was not economically isolated from in the rest of the world. African states had traded goods from Ancient Egypt, and West Africa. More specifically had developed extensive international trading systems during the eras of Ghana, Mali, and Songhai. These huge empires relied heavily on the taxing of foreign trade. These nations were dependent largely on the trade in gold and other various resources, but also on imposing of import customs and taxes. Further to the rise colonialism is the era of the Atlantic slave trade. The Atlantic slave trade existed inAfrica for over three hundred years and introduced to the African continent to systems of European trading methods. Although, these markets existed before, increase in trading brought about by European demand for slaves in the Americas encouraged their development. One of the biggest results of the increase in trade was the African economy. It started to become subject to the whims of Europe. The slave trading system did this by substituting cheap European manufactured products for those products which would have been made locally. This started the development of a pattern of Africa as a source of raw materials, in this case labor, and as only a consumer of goods. The British government eventually made it illegal for British subjects to take part in the slave trade. The period of legal trade began and Africa became a source of raw materials for the European powers. Trade in

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The Terrible Trade Of The Slave Trade

Maddie Long

Mrs. Smith

Pre–AP English 10

19 October 2015

The Terrible Trade

Screams for relief, cries for comfort, and moans for death all revolved around the slave trade. The slave trade is an event that not only impacted Africa, but the whole world even still today. This essay will explain how cultures were ruined and families were torn apart. The slave trade has influenced history worldwide because it has impacted continents economically, socially, and politically. The Middle Passage received its name because it is in the middle of the Triangular Trade. The legs of the triangular trade stretch from Europe to Africa, Africa to the Western Hemisphere, then back to Europe again. This was a great route for Europeans to get ships around the world quickly and efficiently. This is how the slave trade began (Meltzer 9). Most everyone in the world today has a descendant ofslavery. Enslavement is a human being that is possessed by someone else, who does labor for free unwillingly. An owner could range from a king, queen, noble, tribe, government, clergy, or business owner. Slaves were considered similar to horses in a way because they could be bought, sold, hired out, exchanged, given as a gift, or inherited (1–9).

The slave trade was more than five hundred miles long and extended from Africa to the Americas. At least 30,000–55,000 ships went through the middle passage in the time of 1508–1888. In addition, only 9,778,500 out of the 11,698,000 slaves made it to the Americas. Get more content

Slave Trade Experience

We must relate the past with events that are happening today so the students have a better understanding of the material. During my student teaching at Arthur L. Johnson High School and teaching at Piscataway High School experience, I had the students look at the European Slave trade by relating it to today's slavery. I did this by challenging their notions on how the products they consume are made like chocolate, clothing, and their electronics. Many of these products are made by child labor similar to the student's own age. The students worked to find solutions to these problems to try to make the world a better place. I believe I want my students to use the past events to help them solve problems that are occurring today. Again, with the

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1.There are different experiences of the slave trade that are reflected in these documents such as those of an enslaved person (Olaudah Equiano), a European slave trader (Thomas Phillips – an English merchant), an African monarch (King Jao) whose kingdom and personal authority suffered from the slave trade, and an African monarch (Osei Bonsu) who opposed the ending of the slave trade. Of all the commercial ties that linked the early modern world into global network of exchange, none had more profound or enduring human consequences than the Atlantic Slave Trade. And in all these documents, we can see how people reacted differently to this system based on how they encountered it and how it affected them.

2.The perspectives of African slave merchants, the female slaves, and the plantation workers in the Americans which are missing in this collection might add other dimensions to our understanding of this commerce in people. Knowing the perspective of the African slave merchants who were present during the slave trade in Africa would have...show more content... Although all this documents stress voices from the Slave Trade, each document sheds a unique light on the much–debated question about who should be held responsible for the tragedy of the Atlantic slave trade. For example, Document 15.1 sheds light on the role of both European and African merchants in the trafficking of slaves as well as the human suffering of the slave trade. However Document 15.2 reveals the cooperation between local African rulers and European and African traders in the slave trade. Moreover, Documents 15.3 focus on how disruptive European traders could be to established African governments, even those that actively opposed the slave trade. And finally, Document 15.4 shows how some African leaders were attached to the slave trade and promoted it even when European were moving to end it. Nonetheless, all the documents do shed a clear and a full light on what should be held responsible for the

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The trading and distribution of slaves were important to the development of western colonies. According to, to the "Trans–Atlantic Slave Trade Database", during the transatlantic slave trade, an estimated 12.5 million Africans were stripped from their countries and sent all over the west, of those only about 10.5 million made it to the intended destination ("Trans–Atlantic Slave Trade"). From the 10.5 million, about 493,163 (5 percent) went to Barbados, a small British island in the west indies ("Trans–Atlantic Slave Trade"). Barbados was influential in the development of the American Lowcountry. Barbados was also significant in the development of Carolina's plantation and slave infrastructure. As a result, many of the slaves that were...show more content...

The settlement didn't last but in 1669, the Lord Proprietors drafted a constitution called, Fundamental Constitution of Carolina. The constitution formed the basis of the colonies government on subjects like religious tolerance, slavery, rights of defendants, and land notability. Two specific provision influence the migration of many to the colony. The 97th provision states "Opinions concerning Matters of Religion, the liberty whereof they will expect to have allowed them, and it will not be reasonable for us on this account to keep them out..." Religious freedom was important to many of the arriving settlers. The 110th provision stated that "Every Freeman of Carolina shall have absolute Power and Authority over his Negro Slaves, of what Opinion or Religion soever." Addition to the 110th provision the Lord Proprietors offered the settlers twenty acres of land during the first year of settlement for every black male they owned, and ten acres for every black female ("Barbadians in

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Upon the discovery of new lands all over the world, the European countries sought after ways to capitalize on the colonies and the indigenous people living in the newly conquered lands. The earliest Atlantic slave trades are dated to the 15th century, when the first major European world powers the Portuguese and Spanish empires who forcibly transported slaves from Africa to America for cheaper and easier controllable labors1. The slave trade culminated during the 18th Century with millions of Africans being shipped when the rest of the European naval powers such as Britain and France invested in the slave trade.

This report will not only probe around the superficial things about the slave trade, such as which reasons there were for the European countries to set up a slave trade that connects four different continents or...show more content...

The native Indians were considered as too fragile for the plantation work, as on the other hand the Africans were preferred as the labor of choice because of several reasons. The enslaved Africans could not only endure longer at the plantations, but was easier controllable because they had nowhere to flee in the continent that they newly been placed in and the slaves also were more immune to European diseases4.

The British economist Malachy Postlet hwayt emphasized with the importance of the slave trade in 1746. Writing about his view on the slaves and the impact the slave trade had on the British economy, which also was summoned by many other at that time; "If we have no Negroes, we can have no sugar, tobacco, rum etc. Consequently the public revenue, arising from the importation of plantation produce, will be wiped out. And hundreds of thousands of Britons making goods for the triangular trade will lose their jobs and go a begging"5.

Mr. Speaker, [1] I think most of us present today know that our King Charles wants to grant slave trade permission to the Royal African Company,[2] you also know before that, some of our businessmen are already engaged in the slave trade, [3] and you will be interested in the profits generated; I know some of you are trying to against his authority, and I do understand your rhetoric, but what you are doing is to let our country to decline. As early as thousands of years ago, the owner of our land– the Roman Empire, slavery that supports the economy is the source of the great wealth of the Romans and the destruction of it. [4] Gentlemen, [1] you may be worried after our colonial adoption of slavery, think it may lead us to the same ending as the Roman Empire, but it is only the fantasy of those scholars; the times has changed, we do not need to have a war for plunder slaves, we can use guns and crafts to exchange slaves from the hands of the local king and chiefs; [5] as a result, the weapons they get will help them beat the other tribes and get more slaves to us. Therefore, we do not need too much personal action to get slaves from that brutal and backward continent. [6] Those who breed quickly, ignorant and physically strong are the best solution for the lack of manpower in...show more content...

We are not those ridiculous Spaniards, squandered the gold and silver for war. We will use the wealth obtained from the colony to develop our local, England will became the center of the world, by then, the French will be willing to give back the crown belong to our king.

It is difficult to agree with this statement, Britain hold a wide variety of race and for them and their ancestor's slavery was only yesterday however For the British slavery is seen as being their history. Within this essay I will explain the differences between race and racism, I will also include the history of the slave trade and how it came about.

The term race in a sociologist's point of view refers to the physical characteristics that are inherited and unchanging between others including their hair type, skin colour....show more content... socioeconomic status, sexual orientation, geographic location. Traditional or 'chattel slavery' (slave trade) involves the buying and selling of people, they are often abducted from their homes, inherited or given as gifts. (O–Donnell 1992)

Its only the past hundred and fifty years or so that attempts have been made to put racism on a scientific footing, before that discriminatory practices were usually justified or condemned on religious beliefs, 'whites' were seen as the offspring of Adam and Eve which in tern were classed as the advantaged. (O–Donnell 1992)

The roots of racial division lie within the expansion of the European empire during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, after the Second World War theBritish Empire expanded to the Far East which is when the occupation of India, Pakistan and large parts of Africa along with several islands in the West Indies took place. The exploitation of Africans (mainly West Africans) was a key factor in laying the foundations for the future racial conflict. Slave traders were mainly from Britain, Spain, France and Portugal; they kidnapped Africans and transported them to the southern USA where they were forced to work on sugar, rum, tobacco and cotton plantations. (O–Donnell 1992)

The shipping of millions of Africans to work as slaves on sugar and cotton plantations in the United States

The Slave Trade and Britain Today 'The slave trade has no relevance in Britain today'

Slavery and Slave Trade

Slavery is defined as the condition in which a human being, no matter whether man or woman, young or old, is owned by another human being. Slavery has existed throughout most of the world's recorded history from ancient times, on nearly every continent, including Asia, Europe,Africa and the Americas. The ancient Greeks, Romans, Mayas, Aztecs and Chinese accepted and participated in the institution ofslavery. Slave trade, the capturing, transporting and trading of slaves for material goods or money, has been equally universal. Over time elaborate trade networks have been developed, for example: Vikings in the 9th and 10th centuries sold East Slavic slaves to Arab and Jewish traders, these slaves would then be transported to Verdun and LeГіn, from where they may have been sold throughout Moorish Spain and North Africa.

The Atlantic...show more content...

The first stage of this trade involved taking manufactured goods, created from raw materials, from Africa to Europe. These goods included cloth, tobacco, beads, metal goods and guns; they were exchanged for African slaves. These slaves were obtained from along the west coast of Africa with the full and active co–operation of African kings and merchants. The second stage, or also commonly known as the middle passage, involved shipping the slaves to the Americas, where they would work on coffee, cocoa and cotton plantations, in gold and silver mines, in rice fields, in the construction, timber and shipping industries, or in houses as servants. The slaves would be traded in the Americas for the produce gathered at the slave–labor plantations, this produce included cotton, sugar, tobacco and rum. The final stage of this journey consisted of returning to Europe with the raw materials, where they would be developed into manufactured goods to trade with

The amount of people that are involved in slavery is seriously insane. Slavery is a very serious matter, it may not be as big anymore but it is still serious because of the impact that it has on people. People are worked to death just for being a certain race. Their race isn't something that they can help. Slavery definitely did not end with the abolition and everything that happened in the nineteenth century. In our world today you have still; women being focused into different types of prostitution, domestic work, anyone having to work in the fields or any of the factories. Slave owners would pack as many slaves as they could on one ship to transport to them to as many villages or anymore to be put to work. It did cause many people

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Slave Trade

Reasons For European Slave Trade

Slave labor has been taking Europe by storm. In Africa, they have been using slave labor and introduced us to it. It makes work easier for us to do and it helps us to make money. Columbus brought back natives who could do slave work for us and we have been using the natives for work ever since. However, no one ever asks the slaves how they feel about being enslaved. We decided to interview a native who is currently enslaved in Europe. They are only doing this because their health is on the decline. Q: "What was your life like before you were a slave?" A: "I lived peacefully in my land. I remember being extremely happy and thankful for my luck in life. I was with my friends and family, we always had a good time, and we always helped each other out whenever we needed....show more content...

Europe is not like my home and I don't like it because I don't have my friends and family. I'm not allowed to do whatever I want, I am forced to work and I know I won't be helped in return. I haven't even be able to see what Europe has to offer and because I don't have that freedom I dislike Europe very much."

Q: "How do you feel about being a slave?" A: "I can't stand it. I don't get anything out of it. I am forced to work for people I don't know and do hard tasks. I am not allowed to go out and venture around Europe. I can't have the fun I used to have. If I don't do something right or quickly enough I am punished. They barely give me enough food to survive as well. It's awful." Q: "If you could go back to your homeland, what would you do there?" A: "I would love my life once again. I would get there and talk to my friends and family about how I've come to realize how great they really are. I would make sure to protect myself and them from kidnapping by Europeans. I would make sure no one was forced to do work without getting something in return. I would make sure that they understood it can happen to any of us."

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Some people have a hard time understanding the horror stories that happen in the slave trade business, until it is too late to understand. Do you have a clue about what happens? Human trafficking is one of the most known social issues in India today. Everyday an estimated 400 women and children go missing, 20,000 per year, due to the slave trade all over India. Many times these women and children go missing and are never to be seen again, leaving the families with no closure. Here are the stories of a few lucky rescued victims from human trafficking. First, a story of a girl who was put through the ringer with no way out. A young woman was taken from her home in a very remote village and was sent to many big cities throughout her life in the slave trade business. She chose not to mention her name in fear of her being found and taken away from everything once again. As she is lying in a hospital bed with bandages wrapped around her entire body, she tells a reporter, " My employer would beat me everyday with a broom and a stool." She also states, " Many times she would put a hot pan on my skin and burn my body." She recalls working up enough courage to ask a simple question. She says, " After 11 months, I asked the agent I worked for to send me home. Instead, he locked me in an office and raped me once again." Torture and rape violates "Article 4" and "Article 5" of the Declaration of Human Rights because, as stated in the article description "no one should be tortured or Get more content

Throughout mankind people have been discriminated. They have been discriminated because of their gender, race, height, weight, and much more. Back in the day they did not have laws to protect those who were getting discriminated against, and it got out of hand. One of the largest scale attempts at genocides to ever occur was slavery. The African Slave Trade, spanning almost 350 years was a horrid genocide that killed millions of Africans, as well as wiping out villages. Slavery began in the fourteen hundreds when Portugal sent a voyage down the west coast of Africa. They did this because Africa had resources such as gold, fabrics, and spices. During this period of time Portugal dominated the world in trading for almost 200 years. As well as dominating the world the black plaque was going around but because Portugal 's physical isolation, they were left untouched. Also because they were in contact with Islam they were very advanced in math and sailing skills (Ross, The Portuguese in Africa). "African exports consisted primarily of gold, ivory, and pepper. However, over 175,000 slaves were also taken to Europe and the Americas during this period. In 1600, with the involvement of the Dutch and English, the magnitude of the Slave Trade rose exponentially" (Ross, The Portuguese in Africa). The journeys to Africa started out as a resource exchange but later turned into the beginning of slavery.

New world slavery began with Jamestown, Virginia 1619. It began when the colony

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When Columbus sailed to the what he thought was India, he would never know the full implications of his "accident" that changed the world. Columbus's discovery of the Americas created a whole new avenue for competing European states to jockey for world dominance, and most importantly, for wealth. In order to gain the power that Spain, France, Britain, and Portugal so greatly desired, an intercontinental trading network called the Atlantic Slave Tradewas established. The need for cheap labor and the desire for large profits brought slaves from Africa, to North /South America.Slavery began to take a new shape, with a focus on plantation agriculture through a dehumanized class of workers. During the Atlantic Slave Trade, slavery was primarily beneficial to European's. Not only did the Atlantic Slave Trade supply European's with the resources (primarily crops) required to assume a position of world dominance, slavery also benefited Europeans by providing the wealth that was needed to compete with traditional Asian powers. However, slavery during the Atlantic Slave Trade was detrimental to African's. They were ripped from their home lands, brought across the Atlantic, and sold into a life of manual labor, and often abuse. Similar to how Columbus would never know the full impact of his discoveries in 1492, Europeans during Atlantic Slave Trade would never know just how much it would catapult the European continent into a position of power, meanwhile having devastating effects on Get

1.In the 1800's there was an increase soar in the use of the domestic slave trade because of the need for slaves in the tobacco planting lands. Many landowners and planters looked towards the Chesapeake area to seek for slaves. Many slave owners started looking towards that region because the International Slave Trade had been blockaded off. The domestic slave trade began something different; where African Americans were moved to a new location either through being sold or being transferred. Because of the desperate need of slaves in order to earn a profit, within that century, hundreds of thousands of slaves were transported, allowing many American traders to earn a profit.

2.The slave trade made many of the black families separated once their children hit their teenage years. This was because many of the slave trades preferred trading or selling African Americans that were younger in age, thus being more active, being able to work for a longer period of time, and thus bringing a larger profit. While there were some children who were taken away from their families before they were even 14 or before puberty, majority of the slaves that were sold had been beside at least one of their parents. Regardless, the slave trade produced many difficulties and challenges to black families. Marriages and staying united, as a family was difficult; however, many continued to marry and stay together until their fears of separating and being forced into sale arrived.

3.Between 1800

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