India’s history begins with the birth of the Indus Valley Civilization, which datesback to around 3000 BC, and rivals Sumer and Egypt as humanity’s oldest. In fact,all the ancient Egyptian mummies that have been excavated have been wrappedin Indian cotton – indications that the Indus Valley Civilization could be older. In itsprime this early society spread from the present borders of Iran and Afghanistan toKashmir, Delhi and southern Gujarat, covering an area larer than its contemporarycivilizations Sumeria, Egypt and China. Hailed as the land of urban culture, theIndus Valley has captured the imaginations of generations of historians, Today,visitors to India can visit some of its excavated cities and explore the mysteriesthat continue to surround its origins, culture and decline.