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‚§√ß°“√ °“√Õπÿ√—°…忓殑µ√°√√¡Ω“ºπ—ß (ŒŸª·µâ¡) „π®—ßÀ«—¥¡À“ “√§“¡ The Conservation of Mural Paintings (Hoop - Tam) in Maha Sarakham Province (Northeast Thailand)

”π—°»‘≈ª–·≈–«—≤π∏√√¡ ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬√“™¿—Ø¡À“ “√§“¡ The office of Arts and Culture of Rajabhat Maha Sarakham University

‰¥â√—∫°“√ π—∫ πÿπ∑ÿπ«‘®—¬·≈–≈‘¢ ‘∑∏‘Ï¢Õß ∂“π‡Õ°Õ—§√√“™∑Ÿµ À√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“ ª√–®”ª√–‡∑»‰∑Supported and Copyright by The Ambassadorûs Fund for Cultural Preservation 2007 Program U.S. Ambassador, Thailand

‚§√ß°“√ °“√Õπÿ√—°…忓殑µ√°√√¡Ω“ºπ—ß (ŒŸª·µâ¡) „π®—ßÀ«—¥¡À“ “√§“¡ The Conservation of Mural Paintings (Hoop - Tam) in Maha Sarakham Province (Northeast Thailand) Project (http://culture.rmu.ac.th), (http://human.rmu.ac.th) ‡√’¬∫‡√’¬ß‚¥¬ (Written by) π“ß “«πÿ™®√’ ∑â“«‰∑¬™π– π“¬æ≈«‘∑¬å ‚¬∑—¬‡∑’Ë¬ß π“ß “«∏‘¥“√—µπå ªØ‘‡«™«—≤π“ß°Ÿ√

Miss Nucharee Taothaichana Mr. Pholwit Yothaithiang Miss Thidarath Patiweswatha-nangkul

∂Õ¥Õ—°…√∏√√¡‚¥¬ (Dharma alphabets edited by) À≈«ßªŸÉ≈ÿπ ∏¡⁄¡∏‚≈ Abbot Lun Dharmadhalo µ√«® Õ∫§«“¡∂Ÿ°µâÕß‚¥¬ (Edited by) √Õß»“ µ√“®“√¬å∏’√™—¬ ∫ÿ≠¡“∏√√¡ Associate Professor Theerachai Boonmatham ”π—°»‘≈ª–·≈–«—≤π∏√√¡ ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬√“™¿—Ø¡À“ “√§“¡ The Office of Arts and Culture of Rajabhat Maha Sarakham University ISBN 978-974-19-5575-6  ß«π≈‘¢ ‘∑∏‘Ï (Copyright)

°Õß∑ÿπ¥â“π°“√Õπÿ√—°…å«—≤π∏√√¡ ∂“π‡Õ°Õ—§√√“™∑ŸµÕ‡¡√‘°“ ª√–®”ª√–‡∑»‰∑The Ambassadorûs Fund for Cultural Preservation 2007 Program, U.S. Ambassador, Thailand. æ‘¡æå§√—Èß·√° ∏—𫓧¡ 2551 ®”π«π 400 ‡≈à¡ The first printing in December 2008, 400 copies ÕÕ°·∫∫ª° (Book-cover designed by) π“ß “«Õ”æ√ · ߉™¬“

Miss Amporn Saengchaiya

æ‘¡æå∑’Ë (Printed by) ‚√ßæ‘¡æå “√§“¡°“√æ‘¡æå- “√§“¡‡ª‡ªÕ√å Õ”‡¿Õ‡¡◊Õß ®—ßÀ«—¥¡À“ “√§“¡ (44000) ‚∑√. 0-4372-2344 ·ø°´å. 0-4374-2200 Sarakham Printing-Sarakham Paper Press, Mueang District, Maha Sarakham Province (44000) Tel. 0-4372-2344 Fax. 0-4374-2200

§”π”

Preface

”π—°»‘≈ª–·≈–«—≤π∏√√¡ ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬√“™¿—Ø ¡À“ “√§“¡ ‰¥â¥”‡π‘π‚§√ß°“√‡√◊ÕË ß°“√Õπÿ√°— …忓殑µ√°√√¡ Ω“ºπ—ß (ŒŸª·µâ¡) „π®—ßÀ«—¥¡À“ “√§“¡ (The Conservation of Mural Paintings (Hoop - Tam) in Maha Sarakham Province (Northeast Thailand) ¿“¬„µâ°“√ π—∫ πÿπ®“° °Õß∑ÿπ‡æ◊ËÕ°“√Õπÿ√—°…å«—≤π∏√√¡¢Õß ∂“π‡Õ°Õ—§√√“™∑Ÿµ À√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“ ª√–®”ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ ªï 2550 (The Ambassadorûs Fund for Cultural Preservation 2007 Program) ´÷ßË ‡ªìπ ∑ÿπ‡¥’¬«„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ ∑—ßÈ π’„È ™âæπÈ◊ ∑’µË ”∫≈¥ß∫—ß Õ”‡¿Õπ“¥Ÿπ ®—ßÀ«—¥¡À“ “√§“¡ ´÷Ëß¡’«—¥‡°à“·°àÕ¬Ÿà 2 ·Ààß §◊Õ «—¥‚æ∏“√“¡ ·≈–«—¥ªÉ“‡√‰√∑’¡Ë ¿’ “殑µ√°√√¡Ω“ºπ—ß‚¥¬º’¡Õ◊ ™à“ßæ◊πÈ ‡¡◊Õß ·≈⫬—߉¥â¢÷Èπ∑–‡∫’¬π®“°°√¡»‘≈ª“°√‡ªìπ·À≈àßÕπÿ√—°…å ·À≈àß‚∫√“≥ ∂“π»‘≈ª°√√¡ µ—Èß·µà æ.». 2547 ∑—Èßπ’È °“√ ¥”‡π‘π°“√¢Õß‚§√ß°“√œ ‰¥â„™â°√–∫«π°“√„Àâ™ÿ¡™π‡¢â“¡“ ¡’ à«π√à«¡„π°“√¥Ÿ·≈√—°…“ Õπÿ√—°…å·À≈àß‚∫√“≥ ∂“π »‘≈ª°√√¡∑âÕß∂‘πË ¢Õßµπ‡Õß„Àâ¬π◊ π“π ¿“¬„µâ°®‘ °√√¡¬àÕµà“ßÊ ∑’ Ë Õ¥§≈âÕß°—∫°“√Õπÿ√°— …å·≈–°√–µÿπâ ®‘µ ”π÷°™ÿ¡™π „π°“√¥Ÿ·≈ ¡∫—µ‘ “∏“√≥–∑’Ë¡’§ÿ≥§à“π’ȉ«â ‡æ◊ËÕ √â“ߧ«“¡ ¿“§¿Ÿ¡‘„®¢Õß™ÿ¡™π„Àâª√“°ØÕÕ°¡“Õ¬à“߇ªìπ√Ÿª∏√√¡∑’Ë “¡“√∂𔉪ªØ‘∫—µ‘‰¥â®√‘ß ·≈– àߺ≈µàÕ°“√æ—≤π“∑âÕß∂‘Ëπ ◊∫‰ª

The Conservation of Mural Paintings (Hoop-Tam) in Maha Sarakham Province (Northeast Thailand) Project was supported by The Ambassadorûs Fund for Cultural Preservation 2007 Program, U.S. Ambassador Thailand was the only one at the annual competition to receive funding. The implementations by the Office of Arts and Culture of Rajabhat Maha Sarakham University (RMU) were considered to Dong Bang sub-district, Amphoe Na dun, Maha Sarakham Province at the studying area. There are 2 historic and cultural sites at where Wat Pho Tharam and Wat Pa-Rerai are located; moreover, there are mural paintings (Hoop-Tam) drawn by the local artisans as well. The two wats have been registered

by Arts Fine Department since 2004, to be Arts Cultural and Historical Conservation Site. Under the project implementations used was the participation action research process or PAR enhanced Research and Development (R&D). The communities were urged to conserve the cultural historic sites for sustainable maintainability by themselves; additionally they worked with the sub-projects in regards to what they need to do. These sub-projects involved conservation and motivation to the communities to maintain these highly valuable public properties that can build the level of pride of locally level appearances and community development in future.

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Acknowledgment and kindness to guest speakers following: 1. Mr. Thosaphon Srisaman Director of the Roi-Et National Museum 2. Mrs. Somchit Bureenok Expert in silk weaving, Amphoe Kut Rang, Maha Sarakham Province 3. Mr. Phairoj Roomchanao Expert in copying Hoop Tam to silk weaving, Ban Dong Bang, Na Dun District

‰¥â·°à 1. π“¬∑»æ√ »√’ ¡“π À—«Àπâ“æ‘æ‘∏¿—≥± ∂“π·Ààß™“µ‘√âÕ¬‡ÕÁ¥ 2. π“ß ¡®‘µ√ ∫ÿ√’πÕ° ºŸâ‡™’ˬ«™“≠¥â“πºâ“‰À¡¡—¥À¡’Ë ®“°Õ”‡¿Õ°ÿ¥√—ß ®—ßÀ«—¥¡À“ “√§“¡ 3. 𓬉æ‚√®πå √ÿ¡™–‡π“«å ºŸâ§—¥≈Õ°≈“¬ŒŸª·µâ¡ ‡ªìπ≈“¬¡—¥À¡’Ë ∫â“π¥ß∫—ß Õ”‡¿Õπ“¥Ÿπ

4. π“¬æß…åæ—π∏ÿå ®—π∑√å ÿ°√’ ·≈–∑’¡¡—§§ÿ‡∑»°åÕ“™’æ ®“° ¡“§¡¡—§§ÿ‡∑»°åÕ“™’æ 5. π“ß “«∫ÿÀ≈—π ∫ÿ≠º—π °“√∑àÕ߇∑’ˬ«·Ààߪ√–‡∑»‰∑”π—°ß“π¢Õπ·°àπ 6. º».™Õ∫ ¥’ «π‚§° ¡À“¡°ÿÆ√“™«‘∑¬“≈—®—ßÀ«—¥¢Õπ·°àπ 7. π“ß “« √—≠≠“ ¿—°¥’ ÿ«√√≥ ¿“§«‘™“»‘≈ª°√√¡ ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬√“™¿—Ø¡À“ “√§“¡ 8. π“ß “«Õ”æ√ · ߉™¬“ ¿“§«‘™“»‘≈ª°√√¡ ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬√“™¿—Ø¡À“ “√§“¡ 9. 𓬻√’æ—≤πå ‡∑»“√‘π∑√å ¿“§«‘™“»‘≈ª°√√¡ ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬√“™¿—Ø¡À“ “√§“¡ 10. π“¬∫ÿ≠≈’ æ≈§”¡“° §≥– . ”≈’ ª–‚¡∑—∫â“π‡°à“πâÕ¬ µ”∫≈¥ß∫—ß Õ”‡¿Õπ“¥Ÿπ 11. 𓬠¡∫—µ‘ ¬Õ¥ª√–∑ÿ¡ §≥– . ”≈’ ª–‚¡∑—12. 𓬫—π∑“ ®ÿ¡æ≈ §≥– . ”≈’ ª–‚¡∑—¬

4. Mr. Phongphan Chansugree and his team. from The Professional Guide Association 5. Miss Bulan Boonphan The Tourism Authority of Thailand, Khon Kaen Office 6. Assist Prof. Chob Deesuankok Mahamakuth Rajwithayalai (Buddhist Monk University), Khon Kaen 7. Miss Saranya Pakdeesuwan Fine Arts Program, Rajabhat Maha Sarakam University 8. Miss Amporn Saengchaiya Fine Arts Program, Rajabhat Maha Sarakam University 9. Mr. Sriphat Thesarin Fine Arts Program, Rajabhat Maha Sarakam University 9. Mr. Boonlee Pholkhammak So-Samlee Pamo-Thai Band, Ban Kao Noi, Dong Bang Sub-district 10. Mr. Sombat Yodprathum So-Samlee Pamo-Thai Band 11. Mr. Wantha Chumphol So-Samlee Pamo-Thai Band

Finally, the Office of Arts and Culture, RMU thanks ÿ ¥ ∑â “ ¬π’È ”π— ° »‘ ≈ ª–·≈–«— ≤ π∏√√¡ ¢Õ ¢Õ∫æ√–§ÿ≥ °Õß∑ÿπœ ·≈–ºŸâ‡°’ˬ«¢âÕßµà“ßÊ ∑’ˉ¡àÕ“® the U.S. Ambassadorûs Fund and participants whom were °≈à“«‰¥â§√∫„π∑’Ëπ’ȉ¥â ∑’Ë∑”„À₧√ß°“√π’È ”‡√Á®≈ÿ≈à«ß‰ª‰¥â not mentioned in the project, and all parties participated in this project successfully complete respectfully. ¥â«¬¥’

”π—°»‘≈ª–·≈–«—≤π∏√√¡ ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬√“™¿—Ø ¡À“ “√§“¡

The Office of Arts and Culture of Rajabhat Maha Sarakham University (RMU)

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Content Àπâ“/Page

§”π”

Preface

∫∑∑’Ë 1 ∫∑π” ∑’Ë¡“·≈–§«“¡ ”§—≠ ®ÿ¥ª√– ß§å ¢Õ∫‡¢µ°“√»÷°…“ °≈ÿࡇªÑ“À¡“ª√–‚¬™πå∑’Ë®–‰¥â√—∫ 𑬓¡»—æ∑凩擖

1 1 2 2 3 3 4

Chapter 1 Introduction Introduction Purposes Scope of Study Target Groups The Project Benefits Definition of Terms

∫∑∑’Ë 2 «‘∏’°“√¥”‡π‘π°“√ ∫∑π” ·π«∑“ß°“√¥”‡π‘π°“√ ¢—ÈπµÕπ°“√¥”‡π‘π°“√ °√Õ∫°“√¥”‡π‘π°“√ ‡§√◊ËÕß¡◊Õ°“√¥”‡π‘π°“√ √–¬–‡«≈“¥”‡π‘π°“√

7 7 8 9 13 14 17

Chapter 2 Studying Procedures Introduction Implementations Stage of Implementations Studying Work Frame Projectûs Tools Project Duration

∫∑∑’Ë 3 ≈—°…≥–æ◊Èπ∑’Ë»÷°…“ ≈—°…≥–∑—Ë«‰ª ∑’˵—Èß ¿“ææ◊Èπ∑’Ë‚¥¬∑—Ë«‰ª ª√–«—µ‘§«“¡‡ªìπ¡“ ¿“懻√…∞°‘® —ߧ¡ ·≈–°“√ª°§√Õß ¥â“π°“√»÷°…“ ¥â“π»‘≈ª«—≤π∏√√¡ ª√–«—µ‘À¡Ÿà∫â“π «—¥ ·≈– ‘¡ Õÿ‚∫ ∂«—¥‚æ∏“√“¡ Õÿ‚∫ ∂«—¥ªÉ“‡√‰√

19 19 20 23 25 28 34 35 40 40 46

Chapter 3 Studying Area Generally Physical Area Location Tambon Dong Bang Information History Socio-economic and Administration Education Arts and Culture Villages Wats (Temples) and Sims (Ubosots) History Wat Pho Tharamûs Sim Wat Pa-Reraiûs Sim

∫∑∑’Ë 4 º≈°“√¥”‡π‘π°“√ ∫∑π” °√–∫«π°“√»÷°…“™ÿ¡™π °√–∫«π°“√®—¥µ—Èß°≈ÿà¡ °“√æ—≤𓇧√◊Õ¢à“¬

53 53 54 60 65

Chapter 4 Results Introduction Community Studying Process Group Setting Processes Networking Development

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Content (Cont.) Àπâ“/Page

°‘®°√√¡µà“ßÊ 1. °“√Õ∫√¡‡√◊ÕË ß°“√Õπÿ√°— …å·À≈àß‚∫√“≥ ∂“π »‘≈ª°√√¡∑âÕß∂‘πË ·≈–¿“殑µ√°√√¡Ω“ºπ—ß (ŒŸª·µâ¡) 2. °“√®à“¬º≠“·≈–¢—∫√âÕß √¿—≠≠–

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3. °“√∑պⓉÀ¡≈“¬ŒŸª·µâ¡ 4. °“√Õ∫√¡¡—§§ÿ‡∑»°å√°— …å·À≈àß‚∫√“≥ ∂“π »‘≈ª°√√¡∑âÕß∂‘Ëπ 5. §à“¬»‘≈ª–√—°…匟ª·µâ¡ 6. °“√∑”Àπ—ߪ–‚¡∑—¬ À√◊ÕÀπ—ßµ–≈ÿßÕ’ “π

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70 80

114 135 148

Sub-projects : 1. Knowledge Training on Historical Site and Mural Paintings Conservation 2. Paya poem and Sora-panya Singing (a form of Thai-Isan octameter poem) 3. Silk Cloth Weaving with Hoop-Tam Patterns 4. Local Guide Training on Historical Sites and Hoop-Tam Conservation 5. Arts Camp: Hoop-Tam Conservation 6. Hoop-Tam Conservation : Pamo-Thai Making (Isan shadow show)

∫∑∑’Ë 5 √ÿªº≈ ¢âÕ§âπæ∫ ·≈–¢âÕ‡ πÕ·π– √ÿªº≈°“√¥”‡π‘π‚§√ß°“√ ¢âÕ§âπæ∫·≈–¢âÕ‡ πÕ·π–

163 163 169

Chapter 5 Conclusion, Discovered and Suggestion Conclusion Discovered and Suggestion

∫√√≥“πÿ°√¡ ¿“§ºπ«°

177 179

Bibliography Appendix