Future, if the gold-copper mine reopen
After the mine closed (1991-)
R E O R I E N TAT I N G Biedjovรกggi Copper Mine Operating Period(1970-1991)
BOWEN CUI 10.03.2014
Before the mining industry
1
LASTING IMPACT WATER SYSTEM - SOIL - VEGETATION - HABITATS - SPECIES - ECOSYSTEM
FOTO: JOHAN ANTE UTSI / NRK
2
Biedjovaggi Reisa National Park Legend Contaminated sites Restricted use
Kautokeino
Water Quality Very good Good Medium Unknown
Sources: environment.no
Sources: vann-nett.no
3
H E AV Y M E TA L P O L L U T I O N The water on the mining site is unnaturally colored , partly with green, white or brown coating on rocks and vegetation. The water that covers over mine tailings in open pit has completely unnatural color, suggesting pollution from the mines .
Sources:Satellite Photo
4
Cu2+
Fe3+
Zn2+ Cr Ni As Pb Cd ?
Biedjovaggi area in 2006 and 2011.(by Svein Lund)
5
THE PROCESS OF POLLUTION
O2
Snow, Rain Cr Cu
Cu H 2+
Tailings Waste Rock
Zn
Fe
H+
Cr2+
H+
+
Metal Ions Acidic Water
Zn2+
Fe3+ 3+ 2+ Soil Cu Fe Cr2+
Fe
Zn2+
Permafrost
Zn
Cu
2+
Fe Cr2+ 3+
6
Cu2+
Zn
2+
Cu2+
Fish
Fe3+
Cu2+
Runoff
Cu2+
2+
River
dissolve
Arctic Tundra
3+
Cu2+ Zn2+
Soil
Tailings Waste Rock
Zn
2+
Zn2+
Fe3+
Vegetation Zn2+3+ Fe
Fe3+
Fe3+
Reindeer
spread
Cu2+
accumulate
Cr2+
The area co tipping ( ore ) , which tog tons of ore.
Contour Line & Surface Runoff
Contaminated Ground Water
路693
路710
ontains several marginal ore e with lower mineral content gether contain about 300,000
7
RESTORATION STRATEGIES
O2
Entry points
Snow, Rain Cr Cu
Tailings Waste Rock Recycling
H+
Metal Ions
H+
Cu2+ H+
1
Zn
Fe
Cr2+
dissolve
Zn
2+
Acidic Water
Fe3+ 3+ 2+ Soil Cu Fe Cr2+
Fe
Arctic Tundra
3+
Zn2+
Cu
2+
Cu2+
Zn2+
Permafrost
spread
Zn2+
Zn2+
Fe3+
Cu
2+
River Fe Cr2+ 3+
Soil
8
Cu2+
Zn
2+
Cu2+
Fish
Fe3+
Cu2+
Zn2+3+ Fe
Fe3+
Cr2+
Reindeer
Runoff Direct
Fe3+ Cu2+
accumulate Zn2+
2
3
Vegetation
Phytoremediation
Recycle the Waste Rock & Tailings Mining waste can be reused to reextract minerals, provide additional fuel for power plants, supply construction materials, and repair surface and subsurface land structures .
Site clearing
Clean up major sources of pollution
Brick machine
Constuction matertals
Sustainable development Fence Material ďź&#x; Sami Storage ďź&#x;
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RESTORATION STRATEGIES 3+ 2+ Soil Cu Fe Cr2+
Fe
Arctic Tundra
3+
Zn2+
Cu2+ Cu2+
Permafrost
spread
Zn2+
Zn2+
Zn2+
Fe3+
Cu2+
Prevent contaminated water flow into the river Manipulate the ground morphology to redirect the water flow
runoff
river
runoff river
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Runoff
Redirect water runoff to prevent the heavy metal iron spreading into the main river to cause large system damage.
Fe3+
Direct Contaminated Water Runoff river (to Alta)
2
accumulate Zn2+
Cu2+
River Fe Cr2+ 3+
Soil
Cu2+
Cu2+
Zn2+
Fish
Zn Fe
2+ 3+
Fe
3+
Reindeer
Cr2+
Cu2+
Fe3+
Phytoremediation in Cold Weather Soil
Fe Cu Zn
3
Vegetation
Remove metals from soil and concentrate them in plant tissues. Metals can be removed by harvesting the plants (i.e. removal of annual litterfall of deciduous trees ).
metal-tolerant plants (willow and birch) harvesting leaves
Ni
burning as wood chips(renewable energy strategy) raw material for the production of paper
Sources: A pilot-scale example of phytoremediation in the arctic area, ENVIRONMENTAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2 (1) 2006, 37-45.(The Kola Peninsula (66-70N and 28-41E) in Russia)
11
The impact of mining industry on nature is large and irreversible. The scar in the landscape and contaminated water system will take hundreds of years to recover, especially in arctic tundra ecosystem, where all the processes are slow and the system is extremly fragile. And we should be cautious when doing industrial development on this territory.