National landmarks

Fort Sumter Sumter is a fort that was used in battles during the Civil War. On April 12, 1861 at 4:30, cannons open fired on Fort Sumter. Fort Sumter was known for the first gun shot in the Civil War. Fort Sumter can be found on an island off the coast of Charleston, South Carolina. Fort Sumter was named by Thomas Sumter, a Revolutionary War hero from South Carolina. The fort became a national monument in 1948. â…“ of Fort Sumter is still standing .

Fort Sumter had walls that stood at 40 feet and 10 feet

wide. After the Civil War Fort Sumter became a lighthouse.

e Empire State building is a great place to visit if you're The empire state building is a very g to New York City. Have you ever wondered how the great place to visit if you're going to new ding came to stand in the Big Apple? A man named John york city but have you ever wondered how ob Raskob was in a competition with a group of we have the Empire State building today. In repreneurs attempting to build the world's tallest 1930 a man named john jacob Raskob was in scraper. After hiring William Lamb., an architect, and a competition with entrepreneurs to build ploying hundreds of folks for several million hours worth the world's tallest skyscraper and John abor, the building was erected in 1 year and 45 days.

Jacobs Raskob skyscraper is known as the It was built during the Great Depression which was Empire State building and it was the tallest nificant because it gave jobs to people who were trying building for more than 40 years. In 1930 the make ends meet. The building towered over NYC in 1931. construction of the empire state building tood for 40 years as the tallest building in the UNited was just starting to be made In 1931 they tes. had finally finished the empire state building.

June 14, 1986, it was designated a national landmark.

So on June 14, 1986 it was made a national ousands of people visit this iconic landmark everyday to landmark . Now people flock the Empire vel up to the observation tower to get a great view of state building which is on 34th street 5th w York City.

Avenue.

The Empire State Building

John Jacob Raskob, builder-owner

Stages of the Empire State Building

in 1775, French soldiers built the fort and named it Fort Carillon later the fort was reamed Fort Ticonderoga. The name Ticonderoga comes from the Iroquois word that means between to waters or where the waters meet. The Fort is located in NY,between Lake George and Lake Champlain. Fort Ticonderoga is a war Fort that has survived both the French and Indian war and the American Revolutionary War. The fort was built in 1609 and was retired in 1777.

Today the Fort is a place where families can learn about our nation's history.

When I was at Fort Ticonderoga they were having a historical military competition and the winner was ... America, down with the Red Coats!

Fort Ticonderoga holds artillery from the 1600s, 1700s and the 1800s. Famous American men of the fort are Ethan Allen, Benedict Arnold, Benjamin Franklin, George Washington, Thomas Jefferson and Robert Rogers {Rogers Rangers}

Fort Ticonderoga

Have you ever had a question about the Golden Gate Bridge? Well, today I am going to answer all of them. The Golden Gate Bridge is the most beautiful bridge I have ever seen.

It is in San Francisco, California. It took four years to build, from 1933 to 1937. On May 27, 1937 more than 200,000 people walked across it. The chief engineer was Joseph B. Strauss. It spans across the San Francisco Bay. It has steel cables that hold up the deck. The cables are three feet thick.

Golden Gate Bridge

There was a deep underwater canyon which made it extremely difficult build. In fact, many people died when building the bridge. When it opened in 1937, the Golden Gate Bridge was the world's longest suspension bridge.

It has a span of 4,200 feet. Today a number of bridges are longer, but it is still loved by millions.

The Golden Gate Bridge is 746 feet tall. The designer of the bridge designed it to stand up to really strong earthquakes. The Golden Gate Bridge links San Francisco to Marin County to the north.

- Catherine Pelliccia

The Grand Canyon The Grand Canyon is located in northern Arizona. The Grand Canyon is a mile deep,18 miles across, and it is 277 miles long in length.The Grand Canyon was designated a national park in 1919. Each year millions of people visit and they love it! There are trails that lead into the canyon and meet with the Colorado River. The Grand Canyon started forming about 17 million years ago but scientist think the canyon is 5 or 6 million years old. The canyon offers aerial tours and river rafting.

- Lily Blais

Symphony Hall in Boston

Symphony Hall is located in Boston Massachusetts. Symphony Hall was built in 1900 and was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1999. The person who built Symphony Hall was Wallace Clement Sabine. He was born June 13,1868 and he died in January 19,1919. He attended Harvard University and Ohio State University.

Wallace Clement

Symphony Hall is widely regarded as one of the top concert halls in the world. The walls of the stage sloped inward to help focus the sound. The Boston Symphony Orchestra gave its inaugural concert in 1881, realizing the dream of it's founder,the Civil War veteran, businessman, philanthropist Henry Lee Higginson, Who envisioned a great and permanent Orchestra in his hometown of Boston. It is now in it's 134th season.

One infamous music Director of the BSO was Max Fiedler (19081912).

-Tori Gebo

Map of Symphony Hall

The Statue of Liberty is one of the best known landmarks in the United States. It was built , or assembled, on Ellis Island in July 1886. The Statue of Liberty was a gift from France. The female statue stands 152 feet tall and is made of copper. It stands for freedom and independence. and it became a national landmark in 1924.

In July 1986, there was a year long project to clean the Statue. Luckily it was done just in time for its 100th birthday celebration.. .The Statue of Liberty was closed after a tourist attack on September 11, 2001. People were afraid that people would target for the Statue of Liberty, so it stayed closed for more than three months. The Statue of Liberty responded in 2009, where visitors were allowed back to Ellis Island to visit the beloved statue.

The Statue was once again forced to close. because of hurricane Sandy, late in 2012. "That was not fun," said visitors. "We were so afraid for our families and for the Statue" Again Lady Liberty was opened to the public and people could be oveheard saying, “What a great sight” and “I like how it is green because it brings out the colors of nature," said a child in pink.

- Rebecca Ezer

A Stitch In Time : The Space Needle

Thi s Ne is th e e Wa dle In Spa c shi ngt Seatt e on le,

The Space needle is a national landmark

The Space Needle has 6 floors and has elevators that can go 10 miles per hour and it takes about 43 seconds to get to the top. There is a gift shop at the base of the Space Needle called Space Base and there is a restaurant at

that can be found in Seattle, Washington. It is a

the top is called SkyCity. The restaurant makes

big futuristic looking needle pointing up into

one rotation every hour.

the sky. The Space Needle stands about 605 feet tall. It was built in 1962 and the two architects who designed and built the Space Needle are Edward E. Carlson and John Graham, Jr. The two men were inspired by a tower in Germany named the Fernsehturm Stuttgart tower and it looks like a big needle just like the Space Needle.The Space Needle became a historic landmark in 1999.

Edward E. Carlson and John Graham, Jr. holding a model of the Space Needle.

This is Fernsehturm Stuttgart in Germany.

Paul Revere Monument The Paul Revere statue is the most recognized and photographed statue in Boston.The statue is near the Paul Revere House, where Paul Revere lived during the American Revolutionary War. The statue can be found in the shadows of the Old North Church.The bronze work statue was unveiled on September 22,1940.

The statue was created by Cyrus Dallin. Cyrus Dallin started working on it in 1883 and it took 16 years to create and 40 years to install. He starting sculpting the Paul Revere statue when was only 22 years old. Cyrus Dallin made over 260 sculptures. The statue was created in memory of the midnight ride Paul Revere took the eve of the start of the American Revolutionary War to warn others that the “British were coming” to Lexington and Concord, Massachusetts to engage in a battle.

Breaking News!!!

Shocking Discoveries about Geyser, Old Faithful, are made! By Riya Sandler What is Old Faithful?

Old Faithful is a geyser located in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming.

Yellowstone National Park was named the first national park in America in 1872. This is not a man-made structure, but a landform, but was named after Henry D. Washburn, who was a general in the Union Army. Enough about who named it, but about what’s underneath it.

Henry D. Washburn

Henry D. Washburn is the man who named Old Faithful. He named this geyser “Old Faithful” on the Washburn - Langford-Doane Expedition when they noticed how Old Faithful erupted at regular periods.

Geyser Eruptions

The paragraph on the Yellowstone super volcano probably freaked you out so here's is something that is more subtle, Maybe! The actual geyser, Old Faithful, used to erupt every 60 minutes on the dot, but know every 35-125 minutes tourists stand waiting for the geyser to spew out hot water, when water goes to the geyser's plumbing system. Since the water is under extreme pressure it erupts. Since the geyser know erupts whenever, scientists have made a theory that the eruptions aren't as precise because nearby developments affected the amount of groundwater in the area. Now people aren't having much faith in Old Faithful!

Supervolcano

Scientists have discovered that underneath Old Faithful is a super mega volcano that will erupt any day now! Earlier occurrences have left half of the United States covered in lava and most of the rest of the word covered in ash. If I live in any of these states, I would move now! Take your family and precious belongings and hit the road! Supposedly, approximately every 640,000 years or so and this year, 2015, is going to be the year of the super volcano. Geophysicist Bob Smith first called Yellowstone a "living breathing caldera" in 1979. He says, "The occurrence may result in a whole year of eternal Winter. Crops will die, which will make farmers lose their jobs and there won't be as many vegetables. This will result in us as humans not getting the vitamins we need to survive. Animals who feed on these plants will most probably die. The year of the super volcano, is one that is all downhill."

This volcano will devastate America and change the world as we know it!

A Dam: A Life Changer

By Celia Steiger The Hoover Dam is the most fascinating landmark in the United States there will ever be! Now, if you want to take a tour of the Hoover Dam, it is on the border of Nevada and Arizona in the United States, in the Black Canyon of the Colorado River.

This is President What is the Hoover Dam and How was it Named?

Herbert Hoover.

As many as 20,000 vehicles a day drive across the arch-gravity concrete dam. That's a lot of vehicles in just one day. Its name "Hoover Dam" was named after President Herbert Hoover. Hoover Dam was once known as Boulder Dam, which was changed to Hoover Dam, but was called Boulder Dam when President Hoover left the office, but now people usually call the dam, Hoover Dam because Boulder Dam was never officially changed back.

When was the Hoover Dam Built?

The Hoover Dam wasn't built that long ago. It was built between 1931 and 1936. The construction of the project was completed two years ahead of schedule and cost less than the original budget of 49$ million. Still, the Hoover Dam was the most expensive engineering project in the United States history at the time of its construction.

These are the passageways of the dam.

Why was the Hoover Dam Built?

The Hoover Dam was built for a couple of purposes. It wasn't built just for cars to drive across the Colorado River, but to prevent and control floods and to generate electricity. Inside the Hoover Dam, men built passages ways to help build the dam. Today, you can take an actual tour of the Hoover Dam passage ways. The passageways were so well built to be hand made. To generate electricity, the Hoover Dam uses Francis turbines. Water flows through large pipes inside the dam and turns a large wheel called a turbine. The turbine turns a shaft which rotates a series of magnets past copper This when the coils and a generator to produce electricity! dam was being built.

“The Rock” The Easiest Place to Get Into, but the Hardest Place to get out.

Alcatraz was the first federal penitentiary that was built on an` island. It can be found in San Francisco Bay, California. Alcatraz was opened on January 1, 1934 and closed in March 21, 1963. Before Alcatraz was a prison it was a military base that served in World War 2. hortly after Alcatraz was made into a prison, it was nicknamed the “Rock." Among its famous prisoners were gangsters Al Capone and George "Machine Gun" Kelly, and Murderer Robert Stroud, better known as the "Birdman of Alcatraz."

In its 29 years of operation , there were 14 attempts to escape from Alcatraz prison in 34 inmates. Every escape attempt failed, and most participants were either killed or quickly recaptured, but the participants in the 1937 and 1962 attempts presumed dead, disappeared without trace.

The entirety of Alcatraz Island was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976 and was further declared a National Historic Landmark in 1986.

NIAGARA FALLS

By Saif How it happened, Where its located and Why it happened ?

Niagara Falls is located on the Niagara River. The forming of the falls began at the end of the Ice Age. Large torrents of water were released from the melting ice falling into what is now the Niagara River. The force of the water wore away the rock layers and Niagara Falls moved upstream, eventually reaching its own location.

Who discovered it? What does it do?

Native Americans living in the Niagara region were most likely the first people to find Niagara Falls. Niagara Falls attracted industrialists who worked to harness its force using water wheels to drive their mills and factories. In 1896, the famous electrical engineer Nikola Tesla proved that he could transmit electric from Niagara Falls to Buffalo, New York, using his new alternating current induction motor. This was the first long distance commercial use of the AC system of electricity that is used around the world today.

When it became National landmark ?

The Niagara Falls Reservation was declared a U.S. National Historical landmark in 1963. The Niagara Falls National Heritage Area was designated as a National Park

by Congress in 2008.

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There aren't just faces on mountains in New Hampshire, if you go to South Dakota, you will see four faces carved into the Black Hills. In October 1927, Gutzon Borglum, with help from his son Lincoln Borglum, started building Mt. Rushmore. Donne Robinson came up with the idea to promote tourism in South Dakota.

The faces on the sculpture aren't just random people, four U.S. presidents were chosen each to represent an important chapter in U.S. history. George Washington was chosen to represent the nation's founding, Thomas Jefferson was chosen to represent territorial expansion, Theodore Roosevelt was chosen to represent conservation, and Abraham Lincoln was chosen to represent unity.

Making four faces took a lot of time. It finished being built after 14 years, even though six and one half years were spent carving. The other days the builders were waiting for good weather or asking for money to complete the project. Six one half years seems like a long time, but they were able to clear 450,000 tons of rocks in just those few years. That's about 185 tons removed each day.

The faces aren't the only things that that put Mt.Rushmore on the Map. Behind the monument a cave called "The Hall of Records" holds 16 panels filled with writing. If you look closely at the writing you might be able to see the words from The Declaration of Independance and The Constitution. There is also the history of the U.S., and the biographies of the four presidents on the mountain and Gutzon Borglum.

SHOCKING NEWS THAT YOU WILL WANT TO HEAR ABOUT THE HOLLYWOOD SIGN

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The Hollywood Sign was created to symbolize the glamour and excitement of the world’s filmmaking capital. The sign was created as a real-estate advertisement. By 1923, Los Angeles Times publisher, HARRY CHANDLER had decided to invest in an upscale real-estate development called Hollywoodland, which capitalized on the growing recognition of Hollywood as a movie-industry mecca. The sign originally cost $21,000 to build in 1923 and it included thirteen 50 foot high wooden letters which were painted white. In addition to some damage, like a car crashing into the “H”, the sign had to be demolished because termites had infested the wood. The sign was rebuilt in 1978, at the small price of $250,000. Now, that’s Hollywood!

During August 1978, the old sign got demolished for the first time in 50 years.

The White House- A Place Full of History and Warmth The White House was built to give the president of the United States a place to live. Both Benjamin Banneker and Andrew Eliot made maps of the land to help figure out where the house should be built and James Hoban, an architect, designed the White House. In 1792, George Washington laid the first cornerstone of the building and thousands of slaves helped build the White House. It took 8 years to complete it and in 1800, John Adams and his wife moved in.

Today, even though the president lives and works in the White House, it belongs to everyone. The National Park takes care of the White House and the many gardens. There are 132 rooms, 35 bathrooms, and 6 levels in the house. In addition, there are 28 fireplaces, 412 doors and 3 elevators and one more fact: it takes 570 gallons of paint to cover its outside surface. Now that’s a lot of paint!

The next time you’re visiting Washington D.C., stop by and visit the White House. You will always be welcomed and will learn a lot about our country’s history.

The Liberty Bell The Liberty Bell is found in the State House in Philadelphia,Pennsylvania. The bell was shipped in from England in 1752.Now, it is treasured of the nation's symbol of freedom.

Have you ever wondered how the Liberty Bell got cracked? The Liberty bell got its crack after 90 years of hard use.

The Liberty Bell was designated a U.S. National Historic Landmark on May 2, 1939.

The Liberty Bell’s inscription reads: “Proclaim Liberty Throughout All the Land Unto All the inhabitants thereof.” It was written to commemorate the anniversity of when William Penn [the founder of Pennsylvania] issued a Charter of Privileges (in 1701). The charter granted religious liberties and political self-government to the people of Pennsylvania. 74 years later, the Revolutionary War began in 1775.

Nobody wanted the Liberty Bell to break even more, so they hid it beneath a church in Allentown to keep it safe.

Now that you've learned about the Liberty Bell, I hope you think it is one of the most interesting things you've ever learned about.

The Uss Arizona Memorial At 7:55 a.m. on December 7th, 1941, Japanese fighter pilots air bombed the USS Arizona at the beginning of World War ll. Japan was an ally with Germany in their quest for power. The United States was just brought into the war to help the other countries beat the Nazis and Japan for freedom! The ship was hit four times before it went down. The attack was a horrendous one because everyone on board the ship was asleep. Only 75 men survived and 1,177 died.

The USS Arizona was a battleship built before War World II. It was used by the military in 1941 to protect people who could not protect themselves. Twenty one years after the bombing, a memorial was built to honor the people that died on the ship.It became a national historic landmark on May 5, 1989. The memorial was built in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii.

The Gateway Arch

Where is the Gateway Arch?

The Gateway Arch is on Washington Ave, St. Louis, Missouri above the Mississippi River.

What is the Gateway Arch?

The Gateway Arch is a 43,000 ton building in the shape of a catenary that is 630 feet high and 630 feet wide and it is made out of steel.

This is Thomas Jefferson. He was the person who inspired the Gateway Arch to be built.

Why was the Gateway Arch built?

This is Eero Saarinen.

He was born on August 20, 1910. He died on September 1, 1961. He built the Gateway Arch.

The Gateway Arch was built because they wanted to honor Thomas Jefferson for exploring the West.

When was the Gateway Arch built?

This is the Gateway Arch at night.

The Gateway Arch was started on February 12, 1963 and finished on October 28, 1965. It became a national landmark in 1987. The arch was made by Eero Saarinen.

This is the Gateway Arch being built.