Science 4th, unit 1 part 1

Science 4th, unit 1 -part 1-

SCIENCE 4th grade

UNIT 1 (part 1)

J. CĂŠsar Brazo Mur

El Tomillar, J. C. Brazo

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Science 4th, unit 1 -part 1-

Our body is an ORGANISM: It's made up of many different parts (systems)

We're living things

Complex forms of life that carry out several vital functions Our body perform different actions to keep alive (nutrition, etc.)

El Tomillar, J. C. Brazo

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Science 4th, unit 1 -part 1-

OUR BODY (organism) is made up of different parts (up to 10 body systems) Examples

El Tomillar, J. C. Brazo

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SYSTEMS are group of organs that work together to perform the same function in our body.

liver large intestine

stomach small intestine

Example: The DIGESTIVE SYSTEM carries out the function of digestion.

It's made up of different ORGANS (stomach, intestines...) that work together for DIGESTING FOOD.

El Tomillar, J. C. Brazo

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ORGANS are made up of group of tissues of the same kind

Example: The STOMACH is an organ made up of stomach tissue.

El Tomillar, J. C. Brazo

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TISSUES are group of cells of the same type

Example: Stomach tissue is made up of stomach cells.

El Tomillar, J. C. Brazo

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CELLS are the smallest part of living things. The basic unit of life

Not all our cells are the same. Different body parts are made up of different types of cells

El Tomillar, J. C. Brazo

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REMEMBER!! form

form

form form ORGANISMS

El Tomillar, J. C. Brazo

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Let's remember...

PROCESS OF NUTRITION

gets nutrients from food

several systems take part in it DIGESTIVE CIRCULATORY RESPIRATORY SYSTEM SYSTEM SYSTEM It changes food It moves into nutrients nutrients around all the body and picks up waste substances

El Tomillar, J. C. Brazo

It takes oxygen and releases carbon dioxide

EXCRETORY SYSTEM It eliminates other substances that are produced during the process of nutrition

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DIGESTION "Food has nutrients that are necessary for our bodies to grow and carry out life processes"

Our bodies can't absorb food directly, because it's a complex substance Our bodies transform food into other simple substances that they can absorb: nutrients

THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM is in charge of this vital function

El Tomillar, J. C. Brazo

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Science 4th, unit 1 -part 1-

As well as cars need petrol and engine oil, human bodies need NUTRIENTS and OXYGEN

Nutrients Oxygen

El Tomillar, J. C. Brazo

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Science 4th, unit 1 -part 1-

Nutrients

-Vitamins & minerals -Carbohydrates -Proteins -Fats

FOOD is transformed by the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM into NUTRIENTS The digestive system is a long tube where digestion takes place

El Tomillar, J. C. Brazo

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PARTS

of the DIGESTIVE SYTEM

MOUTH

Digestion begins in it

OESOPHAGUS

STOMACH LARGE INTESTINE

SMALL INTESTINE

ANUS

Digestion ends in it

El Tomillar, J. C. Brazo

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Science 4th, unit 1 -part 1-

step 1: The TEETH crush food and the TONGUE mixes food with saliva that comes from your SALIVARY GLANDS and pushes it to the throat

salivary glands

teeth tongue

El Tomillar, J. C. Brazo

throat

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produce saliva that the tongue mixes with food

El Tomillar, J. C. Brazo

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step 2: The food passes through the the OESOPHAGUS to the stomach

El Tomillar, J. C. Brazo

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step 3: After the oesophagus, the food reaches the STOMACH. Gastric juices break down food into a liquid.

El Tomillar, J. C. Brazo

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step 4: The food passes through the SMALL INTESTINE. Once food is transformed into nutrients, they are absorbed through the walls of the intestine liver

pancreas

Juices from these organs finish the process of extraction of NUTRIENTS from food

El Tomillar, J. C. Brazo

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step 5: After the small intestine, the LARGE INTESTINE processes non-digested food.

It is in charge of absorbing liquids and turns the non-digested food into faeces, that are expelled outside through the anus

anus

El Tomillar, J. C. Brazo

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WHAT IS "BREATHING"?

It is when we breathe in air, and then we breath air out Why do we breathe?

Because our bodies need to take in oxygen and release carbon dioxide

El Tomillar, J. C. Brazo

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All living things need oxygen to live

The air we breathe is made up of a mixture of gases

El Tomillar, J. C. Brazo

and also need to relase carbon dioxide

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RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

It takes the oxygen you need from the air and releases carbon dioxide

El Tomillar, J. C. Brazo

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ORGANS OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Connects the pharynx to the windpipe and contents the vocal chords Tube that divides into two bronchi

Connect the windpipe to the lungs

Million of tiny sacs inside the lungs where the exchange of gases takes place

El Tomillar, J. C. Brazo

Spongi, pink organs in your chest, protected by the ribs and the sternum

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Steps of the breathing process 1 INHALING st

2 EXCANGING GASES nd

3 EXHALING rd

El Tomillar, J. C. Brazo

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INHALING It is the process of breathing during which the lungs fill with air charged with oxygen

1. The chest expands and we take air in throught the nose or mouth (better though the nose...)

2. Air moves down through the larynx and trachea to the bronchi

3. Through the bronchi, air passes inside the lungs. Both lungs have million of alveoli

El Tomillar, J. C. Brazo

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Science 4th, unit 1 -part 1-

EXCHANGING GASES

Blood exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide in the alveoli, inside the lungs

Through the alveoli, blood fills with oxygen for our cells

El Tomillar, J. C. Brazo

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Science 4th, unit 1 -part 1-

EXHALATION It is the process of breathing during which the lungs release air charged with carbon dioxide

1. The

chest gets smaller

2. and

the lungs get also smaller

3. Air

goes out the lungs

El Tomillar, J. C. Brazo

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Science 4th, unit 1 -part 1-

CIRCULATION It is the vital process that takes oxygen and nutrients to all the body and picks up waste substances from our body

THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM carries out the function of circulation It transports oxygen, nutrients and waste substances

El Tomillar, J. C. Brazo

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Science 4th, unit 1 -part 1-

THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM is made up of

HEART It pumps blood to all parts of the body

BLOOD VESSEL

Tubes through which blood circulates

types ARTERIES Blood with oxygen and nutrients

VEINS

BLOOD

Red liquid that circulates around all the body Transports oxygen and nutrients to the body.

Picks up carbon dioxide and waste substances from the body

Blood with carbon dioxide

CAPILLARIES Exchanging gases

El Tomillar, J. C. Brazo

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The heart is a muscular organ.

It pumps blood to all the body

El Tomillar, J. C. Brazo

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ARTERIES carry oxigen and nutrients from the heart to the rest of the body

El Tomillar, J. C. Brazo

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VEINS carry blood with carbon dioxide and waste substances from the body, back to the heart

El Tomillar, J. C. Brazo

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CAPILLARIES

arteries

veins

carry blood to all parts of the body CAPILLARIES

connect arteries and veins.

El Tomillar, J. C. Brazo

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1. The heart pumps blood into the arteries.

They carry oxygen and nutrients to the body

2. In the capillaries, blood exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide.

3. Veins carry carbon dioxide back to the heart..

BLOOD CIRCULATION VEINS C. Dioxide + waste subst.

El Tomillar, J. C. Brazo

ARTERIES oxigen + nutrients

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STAY HEALTHY It is important for our bodies...

EXERCISE REGULARLY It helps your muscles, bones and heart to keep strong.

DO NOT SMOKE It prevents you from serious illnesses (lung cancer, heart diseases...)

It

INHALE THROUGH YOUR NOSE Because it filters and heats the air that goes to your lungs.

DO NOT INHALE HARMFUL SUBSTANCES Paint, car exhaust fumes...

El Tomillar, J. C. Brazo

HAVE A HEALTHY DIET Eat a variety of foods and not to many sweets or fats.

Drink a lot of water everyday

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