Science 4th, unit 1 -part 1-
SCIENCE 4th grade
UNIT 1 (part 1)
J. CĂŠsar Brazo Mur
El Tomillar, J. C. Brazo
1
Science 4th, unit 1 -part 1-
Our body is an ORGANISM: It's made up of many different parts (systems)
We're living things
Complex forms of life that carry out several vital functions Our body perform different actions to keep alive (nutrition, etc.)
El Tomillar, J. C. Brazo
2
Science 4th, unit 1 -part 1-
OUR BODY (organism) is made up of different parts (up to 10 body systems) Examples
El Tomillar, J. C. Brazo
3
Science 4th, unit 1 -part 1-
SYSTEMS are group of organs that work together to perform the same function in our body.
liver large intestine
stomach small intestine
Example: The DIGESTIVE SYSTEM carries out the function of digestion. It's made up of different ORGANS (stomach, intestines...) that work together for DIGESTING FOOD.
El Tomillar, J. C. Brazo
4
Science 4th, unit 1 -part 1-
ORGANS are made up of group of tissues of the same kind
Example: The STOMACH is an organ made up of stomach tissue.
El Tomillar, J. C. Brazo
5
Science 4th, unit 1 -part 1-
TISSUES are group of cells of the same type
Example: Stomach tissue is made up of stomach cells.
El Tomillar, J. C. Brazo
6
Science 4th, unit 1 -part 1-
CELLS are the smallest part of living things. The basic unit of life
Not all our cells are the same. Different body parts are made up of different types of cells
El Tomillar, J. C. Brazo
7
Science 4th, unit 1 -part 1-
REMEMBER!! form
form
form form ORGANISMS
El Tomillar, J. C. Brazo
8
Science 4th, unit 1 -part 1-
Let's remember...
PROCESS OF NUTRITION
gets nutrients from food
several systems take part in it DIGESTIVE CIRCULATORY RESPIRATORY SYSTEM SYSTEM SYSTEM It changes food It moves into nutrients nutrients around all the body and picks up waste substances
El Tomillar, J. C. Brazo
It takes oxygen and releases carbon dioxide
EXCRETORY SYSTEM It eliminates other substances that are produced during the process of nutrition
9
Science 4th, unit 1 -part 1-
DIGESTION "Food has nutrients that are necessary for our bodies to grow and carry out life processes"
Our bodies can't absorb food directly, because it's a complex substance Our bodies transform food into other simple substances that they can absorb: nutrients
THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM is in charge of this vital function
El Tomillar, J. C. Brazo
10
Science 4th, unit 1 -part 1-
As well as cars need petrol and engine oil, human bodies need NUTRIENTS and OXYGEN
Nutrients Oxygen
El Tomillar, J. C. Brazo
11
Science 4th, unit 1 -part 1-
Nutrients
-Vitamins & minerals -Carbohydrates -Proteins -Fats
FOOD is transformed by the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM into NUTRIENTS The digestive system is a long tube where digestion takes place
El Tomillar, J. C. Brazo
12
Science 4th, unit 1 -part 1-
PARTS
of the DIGESTIVE SYTEM
MOUTH
Digestion begins in it
OESOPHAGUS
STOMACH LARGE INTESTINE
SMALL INTESTINE
ANUS
Digestion ends in it
El Tomillar, J. C. Brazo
13
Science 4th, unit 1 -part 1-
step 1: The TEETH crush food and the TONGUE mixes food with saliva that comes from your SALIVARY GLANDS and pushes it to the throat
salivary glands
teeth tongue
El Tomillar, J. C. Brazo
throat
14
Science 4th, unit 1 -part 1-
produce saliva that the tongue mixes with food
El Tomillar, J. C. Brazo
15
Science 4th, unit 1 -part 1-
step 2: The food passes through the the OESOPHAGUS to the stomach
El Tomillar, J. C. Brazo
16
Science 4th, unit 1 -part 1-
step 3: After the oesophagus, the food reaches the STOMACH. Gastric juices break down food into a liquid.
El Tomillar, J. C. Brazo
17
Science 4th, unit 1 -part 1-
step 4: The food passes through the SMALL INTESTINE. Once food is transformed into nutrients, they are absorbed through the walls of the intestine liver
pancreas
Juices from these organs finish the process of extraction of NUTRIENTS from food
El Tomillar, J. C. Brazo
18
Science 4th, unit 1 -part 1-
step 5: After the small intestine, the LARGE INTESTINE processes non-digested food. It is in charge of absorbing liquids and turns the non-digested food into faeces, that are expelled outside through the anus
anus
El Tomillar, J. C. Brazo
19
Science 4th, unit 1 -part 1-
WHAT IS "BREATHING"?
It is when we breathe in air, and then we breath air out Why do we breathe?
Because our bodies need to take in oxygen and release carbon dioxide
El Tomillar, J. C. Brazo
20
Science 4th, unit 1 -part 1-
All living things need oxygen to live
The air we breathe is made up of a mixture of gases
El Tomillar, J. C. Brazo
and also need to relase carbon dioxide
21
Science 4th, unit 1 -part 1-
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
It takes the oxygen you need from the air and releases carbon dioxide
El Tomillar, J. C. Brazo
22
Science 4th, unit 1 -part 1-
ORGANS OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Connects the pharynx to the windpipe and contents the vocal chords Tube that divides into two bronchi
Connect the windpipe to the lungs
Million of tiny sacs inside the lungs where the exchange of gases takes place
El Tomillar, J. C. Brazo
Spongi, pink organs in your chest, protected by the ribs and the sternum
23
Science 4th, unit 1 -part 1-
Steps of the breathing process 1 INHALING st
2 EXCANGING GASES nd
3 EXHALING rd
El Tomillar, J. C. Brazo
24
Science 4th, unit 1 -part 1-
INHALING It is the process of breathing during which the lungs fill with air charged with oxygen
1. The chest expands and we take air in throught the nose or mouth (better though the nose...)
2. Air moves down through the larynx and trachea to the bronchi
3. Through the bronchi, air passes inside the lungs. Both lungs have million of alveoli
El Tomillar, J. C. Brazo
25
Science 4th, unit 1 -part 1-
EXCHANGING GASES
Blood exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide in the alveoli, inside the lungs
Through the alveoli, blood fills with oxygen for our cells
El Tomillar, J. C. Brazo
26
Science 4th, unit 1 -part 1-
EXHALATION It is the process of breathing during which the lungs release air charged with carbon dioxide
1. The
chest gets smaller
2. and
the lungs get also smaller
3. Air
goes out the lungs
El Tomillar, J. C. Brazo
27
Science 4th, unit 1 -part 1-
CIRCULATION It is the vital process that takes oxygen and nutrients to all the body and picks up waste substances from our body
THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM carries out the function of circulation It transports oxygen, nutrients and waste substances
El Tomillar, J. C. Brazo
28
Science 4th, unit 1 -part 1-
THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM is made up of
HEART It pumps blood to all parts of the body
BLOOD VESSEL
Tubes through which blood circulates
types ARTERIES Blood with oxygen and nutrients
VEINS
BLOOD
Red liquid that circulates around all the body Transports oxygen and nutrients to the body. Picks up carbon dioxide and waste substances from the body
Blood with carbon dioxide
CAPILLARIES Exchanging gases
El Tomillar, J. C. Brazo
29
Science 4th, unit 1 -part 1-
The heart is a muscular organ. It pumps blood to all the body
El Tomillar, J. C. Brazo
30
Science 4th, unit 1 -part 1-
ARTERIES carry oxigen and nutrients from the heart to the rest of the body
El Tomillar, J. C. Brazo
31
Science 4th, unit 1 -part 1-
VEINS carry blood with carbon dioxide and waste substances from the body, back to the heart
El Tomillar, J. C. Brazo
32
Science 4th, unit 1 -part 1-
CAPILLARIES
arteries
veins
carry blood to all parts of the body CAPILLARIES
connect arteries and veins.
El Tomillar, J. C. Brazo
33
Science 4th, unit 1 -part 1-
1. The heart pumps blood into the arteries. They carry oxygen and nutrients to the body
2. In the capillaries, blood exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide. 3. Veins carry carbon dioxide back to the heart..
BLOOD CIRCULATION VEINS C. Dioxide + waste subst.
El Tomillar, J. C. Brazo
ARTERIES oxigen + nutrients
34
Science 4th, unit 1 -part 1-
STAY HEALTHY It is important for our bodies... EXERCISE REGULARLY It helps your muscles, bones and heart to keep strong.
DO NOT SMOKE It prevents you from serious illnesses (lung cancer, heart diseases...)
It
INHALE THROUGH YOUR NOSE Because it filters and heats the air that goes to your lungs. DO NOT INHALE HARMFUL SUBSTANCES Paint, car exhaust fumes...
El Tomillar, J. C. Brazo
HAVE A HEALTHY DIET Eat a variety of foods and not to many sweets or fats. Drink a lot of water everyday
35