Site Analysis and Principles of Design North Perth Primary School
Michael Allen, Craig Brophy, Xin Yi Chai, Chaofan Zeng Landscape Architecture Studio Resolutions LACH3001
40,000 years of inhabitation The Whadjuk Noongar people have an ongoing connection to and custodianship of the land now occupied by greater metropolitan Perth, the Noongar people having inhabited the Swan Coastal Plain for at least 40,000 years. Central to this lasting spiritual connection to their boodjar (country) are the many waterways, lakes and wetlands, which includes Boodjamooling (Hyde Park) in North Perth, and Galup (Lake Monger) and Danjanberup (Smith’s Lake) in Leederville. Illustration of Perth prior to 1827 (City Of Perth: Dimitri Fotev)
Fig (1)
LACH3001 : STUDIO RESOLUTIONS Site Analysis & Principles of Design
Brixton Street Wetlands (source: Friends of Brixton St Wetlands
Proposed map of Perth, 1838 (source: trove.nla.gov.au)
Fig (2)
SITE ANALYSIS
Whadjuk Noongar Boodjar
Settlers and subdivisions 1890’s - A growing population and rising demand for residential lots saw the first subdivisions of the area previously known as Swan Location 653, beginning with the Percy Estate and soon followed by the Woodville and Toorak Estate subdivisions along the Angove Street border. North Perth Town Hall, 1906 (source: trove.nla.gov.au)
Several civic buildings were erected along nearby View Street, with Angove and Fitzgerald Streets designated to become the new municipality’s commercial strip. In 1897, 1.7 acres of the Toorak Estate was purchased and set aside for the rapidly growing area’s first school, opening in 1899 as the Woodville School with 125 enrolled students.
Municipality of North Perth, 1910 (source: trove.nla.gov.au)
6 Angove Street, North Perth, 1902 (source: trove.nla.gov.au)
North Perth, 1906 (source: trove.nla.gov.au)
Woodville Estate, 1900 (source: slwa.wa.gov.au)
The Angove Street Tram Demand for public transport in and out of the growing residential hub saw North Perth’s first tram terminus opened in 1906, stopping on Fitzgerald Steet at the site of today’s North Perth Plaza. The line was extended through to the corner of Angove and Albert Streets in 1910, the occasion marked by some 700 local children permitted free tram rides from North Perth to Nedlands and back on the day.
Opening of the North Perth tramway, 1906 (source: slwa.wa.gov.au)
Angove Street, 1924 (source: trove.nla.gov.au)
Fitzgerald Street tram, North Perth 1958 (source: slwa.wa.gov.au)
Trams last day, 1958 (source: slwa.wa.gov.au)
The area swelled to 5000 residents by 1911, with the North Perth Primary School becoming the state’s then largest primary school.
Migration and expansion The Angove Street tram was extended to Charles Street in 1927, linking North Perth with its neighbouring suburbs to the west. Cars would eventually replace trams in the area, the final North Perth tram services ending in 1958. Construction of the Mitchell and Kwinana Freeways in the 1960s and 1970s would eventually connect to North Perth via Charles Street in 1974. The suburb continued to grow throughout the 20th Century, its rich cultural diversity aided by an influx of predominantly Italian and Greek migrants after World War II, and later Vietnamese, Korean and Burmese migrants and refugees in the 1970s and 1980s. Angove Street, North Perth, 1960 (source: slwa.wa.gov.au)
LACH3001 : STUDIO RESOLUTIONS Site Analysis & Principles of Design
Aerial Photograph of North Perth, 1974 (source: trove.nla.gov.au)
Aerial Photograph of North Perth, 16 May 1986 (source: trove.nla.gov.au)
SITE ANALYSIS
Timeline of North Perth
North Perth Primary School. 1940s, (source: northperthlocal.org)
North Perth school hall, circa 1940s, (source: slwa.wa.gov.au)
Municipality of North Perth, 1910 (source: trove.nla.gov.au)
G oonder up Pla ce, a re cre a tion a nd s p or ts g rou nd i n A lb er t- s tree t, Nor th Per th , wh ich h a s b een conver ted i n a few month s from a w i ld , u neven slop e of g rou nd , to a s pa ciou s level led squ a re a s a re s u lt of the combi ned effor ts of the he a d m a s ter of the Nor th Per th S ta te s chool (M r J. P. Moore), s chola r s, pa rents a nd other enthu s ia s ts, wa s officia l ly op ened ye s terd ay by the Lieu ten a nt G over nor (Si r Jame s Mi tchel l), who wa s a ccompa n ied by La dy Mi tchel l To m a rk the o cc a s ion i n a s u i table m a n ner a tree pla nti n g a nd ded ic a tion ceremony wa s held , i n wh ich 29 tree s were pla nted a rou nd the squ a re by a numb er of g ue s ts wh ich i ncluded , i n a dd i tion to the Vicere ga l pa r ty, the Mi n is ter for Educ a tion (M r Tonk i n), the Lord Mayor ( D r Me a gher), the Di re ctor of Educ a tion (M r M. G. Li t tle), the Tow n Clerk (M r W. E. Bold), the Vice - Ch a ncel lor of the Un iver s i ty ( Profe ssor G. A . Cu r r ie), the Mayor of Frem a ntle (M r P. E. Gibson , M LC), M r V. H amer sley, M LC, a nd the Di re ctor of Na tion a l Fi tne ss a nd Phys ic a l Educ a tion (M r R . E. H a l ld ay). The tree s pla nted were n amed to honou r ex plorer s a nd men a nd women who h ave b een prom i nent i n the public li fe of the S ta te. Wi th due appropr ia tene ss, Si r Jame s Mi tchel l pla nted a tree i n honou r of Si r Jame s S ti rli n g, the fi r s t G overnor of WA , a nd the Lord Mayor fol lowed by pla nti n g a tree i n honou r of the fi r s t Mayor of Per th (Si r G eor ge Shenton). The tree pla nted by La dy Mi tchel l wa s n amed a f ter Mrs Joh n Wi th nel l, k now n as the "mother of the Nor th -We s t."
West Australian (Perth, WA) 17 August 1944.
Smith, Betty. North Perth Primary School, October 1985.
1897
1944
1985 (above) - Minimal planting along the gate line
One and a half acres of land is purchased for the site of a new school in the Toorak Estate. Opening on 30 January 1899, the North Perth District’s first school consisted of one brick building divided into two classrooms, accomodating 131 students.
Goonderup Place, a recreation and sports oval, is constructed with the assistance of students and opens at the site adjacent to the school on Albert Street.
added little character and provided only minimal protection from the heat.
North Perth Primary, 1907 (source: northperthlocal.org)
LACH3001 : STUDIO RESOLUTIONS Site Analysis & Principles of Design
North Perth Primary School Classroom, 1957 (source: northperthlocal.org)
Recognition of Rhodes Scholar Edmund E. Jarvis at North Perth Primary School. 1941
1992 (below) - Pencil pines and rose bushes line an otherwise still sparsely shaded north face of the school.
2020 Not a lot has changed to the exterior of the school grounds in the last hundred years, the bare brick walls of the heritage buildings still dominating the northern face and the original school gates are now in need of repair.
West Australian (Perth, WA) 26 September 1946.
SITE ANALYSIS
Timeline of North Perth Primary School
50
Australian New Zealand English Irish Scottish Italian German Greek Dutch Macedonian Croatian Polish Chinese Vietnamese Indian -
North Perth 5.7 %
5-11
7.5 %
12-17
5.0 %
18-24
7.8 %
25-34
19.0 %
35-49
23.1 %
50-59
13.2 %
60-69
8.6 %
70+
City of Vincent
40
Greater Perth
% of households
0-4
30
20
10
0
10.2 %
Lowest
Medium Low
Medium High
Highest
$0 to $538
$$539 to $971
$972 to $1,559
$1,560 +
Household income (weekly)
Age distribution of North Perth population
Aranmore Catholic Primary
771 -
Highgate Primary
0.9 %
Pre-school
379 -
Kyilla Primary
7.5 %
Primary School
848 -
Mount Hawthorn
4.0 %
Secondary School
394 -
North Perth Primary
1.6 %
TAFE
207 -
Sacred Heart Primary
6.5 %
University / College
77 -
School of Isolated and Distance Education
79.5 %
177 -
Government
147 -
Catholic
111 -
Catholic
66 -
25
30
35
Children under 15
23.2 %
Mixed-age children
3.0 %
Children over 15
10.7 %
No children
67.0 %
Independent
North Perth students by school type LACH3001 : STUDIO RESOLUTIONS Site Analysis & Principles of Design
20
Secondary
Government
Independent
15
Households with children in North Perth
476 -
38 -
10
Not studying
Students within North Perth
Primary
05
Ancestry of population (greater than 1%)
403 -
Primary schools within the City of Vincent (Students as at Sem 1 2020)
05115 020 25 30 35
SITE ANALYSIS
North Perth Demographics
inc lus ivit y
North Perth Primary School Once Western Australia’s largest primary school, North Perth Primary has fluctuated in student enrolments over time, decreasing in recent years, but remains one of the single oldest continuously operating schools in the state. In 2005, the school was added to the State Register of Heritage Places. Catchment Area:
“We all see the world in different ways and we value and celebrate the diversity this creates.”
Principal:
Andrew Streeton
Teaching Staff: Admin/Clerical: Maintenance: Other:
23 4 1 10
Year range:
Kindergarten to Year 6
Timetable 2020 Rooms open: Classes begin : Recess: Lunch: School finishes:
8:30 am 8.45 am 10.50 am – 11.10 am 1.10 pm – 1.55 pm 3.00 pm
Term dates 2020 Term 1: Term 2: Term 3: Term 4:
Mon, 3 Feb Tues, 28 April Tues, 21 Jul Tues, 13 Oct
(18 FTE) (2.2 FTE) (0.6 FTE) (6.3)
re sili en ce
Thurs, 9 Apr Fri, 3 July Fri, 25 Sep Thurs, 17 Dec
“We encourage and support the taking of risks in a safe environment and foster perseverance in the face of setbacks.”
re spe ct “We treat everyone with respect and consider all points of view.”
re spo nsi bil ity “We accept responsibility for our actions and their impact on others and on the environment.”
Student numbers - Semester 1 2020 Kin. Pre. Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4 Y5 Y6 Total 29 45 47 50 44 64 55 40 374 ‘16 ‘17 ‘18 ‘19 2020 Sem. 1 Total Students (excl. Kin.)
LACH3001 : STUDIO RESOLUTIONS Site Analysis & Principles of Design
385 407 409 390 345
SITE ANALYSIS
North Perth Primary
What makes a good school?
Culture Values of respect, tolerance and inclusion are instilled and promoted by the school and adopted by the students.
Learning Diversity Cultural and religious diversity within students and staff is supported and celebrated by the school and students. A diversity of opportunities for learning and play are offered with an understanding that each student’s unique needs, abilities and interests are worthy of consideration.
Family Parents are involved in school decisions, goalsetting and policy making. Parents and family are encouraged to visit the school and engage with student work and activities. Clear and constant communication between families and teachers. Parents and family are invited and willing to participate in voluntary work within and for the school.
LACH3001 : STUDIO RESOLUTIONS Site Analysis & Principles of Design
Learning is central to all school activities. Success and effort are equally celebrated and encouraged. Every student receives equal attention and support in their learning. Behavioural expectations are clearly communicated, encouraged and recognised.
Community
Staff & Teachers Teachers and staff prioritise the needs of students before anything else. Teachers and staff exhibit strong and clear leadership at all levels, whilst encouraging leadership, responsibility and agency from students.
Students feel welcomed and cared for by teachers and their peers. Students enjoy coming to school and are willing to be challenged. Students feel supported by both the school and their peers, as well as willing and able to support others.
Play
Facilities
Local community are encouraged and willing to engage with school activities and provide support where available.
Occasions and opportunities for play are encouraged and supported in partnership with learning, both in and out of the classroom
The school grounds are safe, accessible and functional to students, staff and visitors of all ages and abilities.
Lessons occur within the context of the local community and environment.
Play activities should: - encourage and support problem solving and safe but challenging risk-taking - stimulate imagination - provide opportunity for an appreciation of and interaction with nature
The school environment is clean and organised, whilst remaining stimulating and welcoming for all students.
Play spaces should: - encourage physical activity and social interaction - have a strong sense of place - cater to a diverse range of abilities, cultures and demographics - offer a variety of choices, with zones for different energy levels
SITE ANALYSIS
What Makes a Good School?
Swan Coastal Plain Soils and landforms of Perth
North Perth
Mount Lawley
Charle s Ve ryard Re se r v e
Vasse
Cottesloe
Swan
Karrakatta
Guildford
Herdsman
Cannington
Bassendean
Forrestfield
Southern River
Darling Scarp
Guild f ord
INDIAN Yo k i n e R e se rve
OCEAN Be a t t y P a r k
H e rd sma n L ak e L ak e Mo n g e r
R ob er t s on P a r k
West Perth
rth
br
idg
J ohn Forrest
National Park
Hy d e P a r k
No
Nort h Pert h Primary
Quindalup
Pert h A irport
e
K i n g s P ark
P ert h
Darling 10
City of Vincent boundary U WA
North Perth Primary catchment area
Scarp
km
Greenm ount
So ut h P ert h
5k
m
r
North Perth Primary School grounds
State Forrest
iv
e
Location of North Perth Primary within greater Perth (right) and the City of Vincent (above)
Sw
N
0 (km)
an
R
Curt in U niversity
Fremant le
2
4
6
8
10
1:100,000
LACH3001 : STUDIO RESOLUTIONS Site Analysis & Principles of Design
SITE ANALYSIS
Location Maps and Geology
North Perth Primary School
Green open spaces Significant reserves North Perth Primary North Perth Primary Catchment
LACH3001 : STUDIO RESOLUTIONS Site Analysis & Principles of Design
SITE ANALYSIS
Neighbourhood Study - Boundaries and Greenspace
Site drainage map
Swan Coastal Plain soil types Quindalup:
Dunes and beach ridges composed of calcerous sand
Cottesloe:
Low hilly landscape with shallow brown sands over limestone, much exposed limestone
Karrakatta:
Undulating landscape with deep yellow sands over limestone
Herdsman:
Peaty swamps associated with Bassendean and Karrakatta units
Vasse:
Poorly drained plains with variable undifferentiated estuarine and marine deposits
Bassendean:
Sand plains with low dunes and occasional swamps; iron or humus podzols; areas of complex steep dunes
North Perth Primary North Perth Primary catchment
LACH3001 : STUDIO RESOLUTIONS Site Analysis & Principles of Design
SITE ANALYSIS
Neighbourhood Study - Geology, Soil and Hydrology
Parks and reserves Fauna transit corridors Fauna sightings (2000-2020) North Perth Primary North Perth Primary catchment
LACH3001 : STUDIO RESOLUTIONS Site Analysis & Principles of Design
SITE ANALYSIS
Neighbourhood Study - Eco-corridors and Fauna
Sealed roads Bike paths Shared paths North Perth Primary North Perth Primary catchment
LACH3001 : STUDIO RESOLUTIONS Site Analysis & Principles of Design
SITE ANALYSIS
Neighbourhood Study - Roads and Cycling Network
Sealed roads Bus network Bus stops North Perth Primary North Perth Primary catchment
LACH3001 : STUDIO RESOLUTIONS Site Analysis & Principles of Design
SITE ANALYSIS
Neighbourhood Study - Roads and Public Transport
A lbert Stre e t
An
go
ve
St
re
et
Hard-scaping elements Buildings footprint Main roads Brick walkway Pedestrian walkway Concrete floor Sand
Soft-scaping elements Streetscape planting (public) Residential planting (private) School planting
Annotations School boundary (Private) Proposed intervention site
O li v e S tr eet
Contour levels (1m)
LACH3001 : STUDIO RESOLUTIONS Site Analysis & Principles of Design
Woo dvi lle S t r ee t
Publicly accessible school grounds
0 (m)
Scale: 1:400
10
20
30
40
50
N
SITE ANALYSIS
North Perth Primary School - School Plan
14
A lbert Stre e t
An
22
go
ve
St
re
et
Notable places (within school grounds)
11
1. Project intervention site 2. School hall (heritage)
2 12
21
3
14
3. New library
20
4. Covered assembly area 5. Lawn
1
6. Basketball court
19
7. Tennis court 8. Early childhood centres 9. Playground (sand) 10. Vegetable planter boxes
13
Notable places (surrounds) 11. School oval
4
12. Free climbing dome/ playground
6
5
13. Terraced amphitheatre 14. Car park 15. North Perth Town hall 16. Player 1 music school 17. Playgroup WA (not-for-profit org) 18. View Street Medical Practice 19. Wesco service station
5
20. Rosemount Service Station 21. Brennan Sloan Accountants 22. Edison Property
10
8 7
Annotations School boundary (Private)
9
Proposed intervention site
O li v e S tr eet
10
Contour levels (1m)
16
17 LACH3001 : STUDIO RESOLUTIONS Site Analysis & Principles of Design
15
18
14
Wo odvi lle Str ee t
8
Publicly accessible school grounds
N
0 (m)
10
20
30
40
50
Scale: 1:400
SITE ANALYSIS
School - Building Footprints and Notable Places
A lbert Stre e t
An
go
ve
St
re
et
LACH3001 : STUDIO RESOLUTIONS Site Analysis & Principles of Design
Wo odvi lle S tr ee t
O li v e S tr eet
Yellow gum
0 (m)
Scale: 1:400
10
20
30
40
50
N
QLD Brush Box
Eucalyptus leucoxylon ‘Rosea’
Lophostemon confertus
Red-flowering gum
Rose Wood
Corymbia ficifolia
Tipuana tipu
Golden Honey Locust
WA Peppermint Tree
Gleditsia triacanthos var. inermis
Agonis flexuosa
Craven Myrtle
Showy Honey Myrtle
Melaleuca condylosa
Melaleuca nesophila
Tuart
Jacaranda
Eucalyptus gomphocephela
Jacaranda mimosifolia
River She-oak
Moreton Bay Fig
Casuarina cunninghamiana
Ficus macrophylla
SITE ANALYSIS
School - Significant Trees
A lbert Stre e t
P
An
go
Movement and Access
ve
St
Vehicular
re
Pedestrian
et
Potential sightlines Active spaces Passive spaces
P
Gates
P
Car parks
Annotations School boundary (Private)
P
Proposed intervention site Contour levels (1m) Publicly accessible school grounds
LACH3001 : STUDIO RESOLUTIONS Site Analysis & Principles of Design
P
P
Woodv ill e Str eet
O li ve S tr ee t
P
N
0 (m)
10
20
30
40
50
Scale: 1:400
SITE ANALYSIS
School - Circulation, Movement and Access
Annotations School boundary (Private) Proposed intervention site Contour levels (1m)
New library
Publicly accessible school grounds
Memorial
Basketball and
rose garden
netball court
Shaded
Central lawn
Maintenance access path
courtyard Indoor school hall
Hard-scaping elements Buildings footprint Main roads Brick walkway
Covered
Pedestrian walkway
assembly area
Concrete floor
Front office
Sand Bitumen in car park Wooden outdoor furniture
Soft-scaping elements Existing trees on site
Garden bed
Garden beds and lawn
Garden bed
N
0 (m)
5
10
15
20
25
Scale: 1:200
LACH3001 : STUDIO RESOLUTIONS Site Analysis & Principles of Design
SITE ANALYSIS
Site Plan
Annotations School boundary (Private) Proposed intervention site Publicly accessible school grounds
P
Water 0.3m
P
Gas 0.4m
Services scan and utilities 100
Water
300
Gas Comms Stormwater Unknown Water valve Gas meter
900 300
Unable to locate gas lead in (turns to PVC)
P
Storm water 0.2m
Possible gas hit on radar
LACH3001 : STUDIO RESOLUTIONS Site Analysis & Principles of Design
P
P
Rectangular pit Spot heights
300 150
N
0 (m)
5
10
15
20
25
Scale: 1:200
SITE ANALYSIS
Site Plan - Site Services
A
FFL - - - -+300 --------FFL - - -+150 --------
Car park
Path and Gate
Garden bed
Section through the new library
A’
Library
Section AA’ Scale: 1:100
B C
C’ B’
FFL - - - -+900 -------------------FFL - - -+300 --------FFL - - -+150 --------
Car park
Path
Gate
Low courtyard seating
Bench seats
Front office entrance
Section BB’ Scale: 1:100
Section through the main gate entrance
-FFL - - -+300 ------------------------------------FFL - - -+100 -------
Car park
Path
Acess
Longitudinal site section
LACH3001 : STUDIO RESOLUTIONS Site Analysis & Principles of Design
Heritage wall
Low courtyard seating
Front office entrance
Drink fountains
Covered assembly area
Retaining wall
Section CC’ Scale: 1:150
SITE ANALYSIS
Site - Sectional Studies
Shapes
Materials
LACH3001 : STUDIO RESOLUTIONS Site Analysis & Principles of Design
Artwork
Plants & Trees
Soft
Colour
Landmarks
SITE ANALYSIS
Photographic Documentation
Access & Revitalisation Strengthening the appeal and functionality of the school’s access points for students, staff and visitors, whilst encouraging a diversity of student activity through the revitalisation of currently underutilised space.
Learning & Play
Sustainability & Biodiversity
Providing every student with an optimised and equal opportunity for safe but challenging learning and play outside of the classroom, acknowledging and supporting the diversity of their needs, capabilities and cultural backgrounds.
Creating a low-maintenance and lasting landscape that embeds environmentally conscious behaviours and a connection to biodiversity through both scientific and Indigenous perspectives of the local environment. (think about community)
Inclusivity & Responsibility Promoting an environment that reflects and supports the school’s culture of inclusivity and acceptance, whilst cultivating each student’s self-worth and compassion by encouraging their agency to both care and contribute for their surroundings.
LACH3001 : STUDIO RESOLUTIONS Site Analysis & Principles of Design
SITE ANALYSIS
Design Principles
Bibliography Fig (1) ‘Aboriginal Culture’. Accessed 14 August 2020. https://www.visitperth.com/about-perth/indigenous-culture. Fig (2) ‘The Changing Seasons | Friends of Brixton St Wetlands.Org.Au’. Accessed 20 August 2020. http://www.friendsofbrixtonstreetwetlands.org.au/changing-seasons/. Playground Ideas. ‘10 Principles of Playground Design’, 23 February 2017. https://playgroundideas.org/10-principles-of-playground-design/. ‘Aboriginal Cultural Awareness and Engagement » City of Vincent’. Accessed 14 August 2020. https://www.vincent.wa.gov.au/community/your-community/aboriginal-cultural-awareness-and-engagement.aspx. ‘ABORIGINAL NOMENCLATURE’. West Australian (Perth, WA : 1879 - 1954). 5 May 1945. ‘About the Profile Areas | North Perth | Profile.Id’. Accessed 10 August 2020. https://profile.id.com.au/vincent/about?WebID=140. ‘Children’, 11 January 2016. https://www.un.org/en/sections/issues-depth/children/. ‘Convention on the Rights of the Child - Human Rights at Your Fingertips - Human Rights at Your Fingertips | Australian Human Rights Commission’. Accessed 11 August 2020. https://humanrights.gov.au/our-work/commission-general/convention-rights-child-human-rights-your-fingertips-human-rights-your. ‘Heritage Council of WA - Places Database’. Accessed 10 August 2020. http://inherit.stateheritage.wa.gov.au/Public/Inventory/PrintSingleRecord/28faba9e-f513-41fe-a8ea-878e3ed6271a. ‘Heritage Places » City of Vincent’. Accessed 10 August 2020. https://www.vincent.wa.gov.au/develop-build/heritage.aspx. North Perth Primary School. ‘Local Intake Area’. Accessed 17 August 2020. https://www.northperthprimary.edu.au/for-parents/enrolment/intake-area/. Adobe Spark. ‘North Perth PS Newsletter’. Accessed 16 August 2020. https://spark.adobe.com/page/uwRorcFt1woY3/. ‘OHCHR | Convention on the Rights of the Child’. Accessed 16 August 2020. https://www.ohchr.org/en/professionalinterest/pages/crc.aspx. Trove. ‘OLDEST PERTH. - THE DAYS BEFORE THE WHITE MEN WON. - Western Mail (Perth, WA : 1885 - 1954) - 25 Dec 1909’. Accessed 16 August 2020. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article37401699. ‘School Overview North Perth Primary School’. Accessed 17 August 2020. https://www.det.wa.edu.au/schoolsonline/overview.do?schoolID=5372. Statistics, c=AU; o=Commonwealth of Australia; ou=Australian Bureau of. ‘Main Features - About This Release’. c=AU; o=Commonwealth of Australia; ou=Australian Bureau of Statistics, 1 October 1993. https://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/cat/2101.0. ‘Wetlands Heritage Trail » City of Vincent’. Accessed 17 August 2020. https://www.vincent.wa.gov.au/residents/environment/environmental-sustainability/green-resources/wetlands-heritage-trail.aspx. Education Matters Magazine. ‘What Makes a Good School? What Makes a Good Teacher?’, 22 July 2015. https://www.educationmattersmag.com.au/what-makes-a-good-school-what-makes-a-good-teacher/. ‘What-Makes-a-Good-Play-Area-Literature-Summaryfeb2011.Pdf’. Accessed 17 August 2020. https://www.web.uwa.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0011/1857467/What-makes-a-good-play-area-literature-summaryfeb2011.pdf. Flaticon. “Flaticon, the Largest Database of Free Vector Icons.” Accessed August 15, 2020. https://www.flaticon.com/ “IntraMaps - Vincent Public.” Accessed August 12, 2020. http://maps.vincent.wa.gov.au/intramaps80/ “PhotoMaps by Nearmap.” Accessed August 12, 2020. http://maps.au.nearmap.com/ https://www.heraldsun.com.au/leader/inner-south/st-louis-de-montfort-aspendale-named-school-of-the-decade-at-resourcesmart-school-awards/news-story/b66c18dcbeeb50248abd16c32098c3fd http://landezine.com/index.php/2019/12/lakkegata-recreation-park-by-asplan-viak/ https://www.sustainability.vic.gov.au/About-us/Latest-news/2017/10/23/22/44/St-Louis-a-Superschool-of-sustainability https://www.stlouisaspendale.catholic.edu.au/
Image References North Perth Local. ‘2. Tram Terminus’. Accessed 13 August 2020. https://northperthlocal.org/north_walk_perth/tram-terminus/. North Perth Local. ‘4. Primary School’. Accessed 13 August 2020. https://northperthlocal.org/north_walk_perth/primary-school/. ‘33/15/1e: Plan of the Municipality of North Perth, [1910?] :: Slwa_b5132783_2’. Accessed 14 August 2020. https://purl.slwa.wa.gov.au/slwa_b5132783_2. ‘55/18/59: Woodville Estate, [1900?] :: Slwa_b4690494_2’. Accessed 14 August 2020. https://purl.slwa.wa.gov.au/slwa_b4690494_2. ‘226,558PD.Jpg (523×435)’. Accessed 19 August 2020. https://www.slwa.wa.gov.au/images/pd226/226,558PD.jpg. ‘136109PD: Tram No. 100 at Angove St. on Loop or End of Double Track, 1958? :: Slwa_b2913600_1’. Accessed 14 August 2020. https://purl.slwa.wa.gov.au/slwa_b2913600_001. ‘136109PD: Tram No. 100 at Angove St. on Loop or End of Double Track, 1958? :: Slwa_b2913600_1’. 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