Site Analysis for Primary School

Site Analysis and Principles of Design North Perth Primary School

Michael Allen, Craig Brophy, Xin Yi Chai, Chaofan Zeng Landscape Architecture Studio Resolutions LACH3001

40,000 years of inhabitation The Whadjuk Noongar people have an ongoing connection to and custodianship of the land now occupied by greater metropolitan Perth, the Noongar people having inhabited the Swan Coastal Plain for at least 40,000 years.

Central to this lasting spiritual connection to their boodjar (country) are the many waterways, lakes and wetlands, which includes Boodjamooling (Hyde Park) in North Perth, and Galup (Lake Monger) and Danjanberup (Smith’s Lake) in Leederville.

Illustration of Perth prior to 1827 (City Of Perth: Dimitri Fotev)

Fig (1)

LACH3001 : STUDIO RESOLUTIONS Site Analysis & Principles of Design

Brixton Street Wetlands (source: Friends of Brixton St Wetlands

Proposed map of Perth, 1838 (source: trove.nla.gov.au)

Fig (2)

SITE ANALYSIS

Whadjuk Noongar Boodjar

Settlers and subdivisions 1890’s - A growing population and rising demand for residential lots saw the first subdivisions of the area previously known as Swan Location 653, beginning with the Percy Estate and soon followed by the Woodville and Toorak Estate subdivisions along the Angove Street border.

North Perth Town Hall, 1906 (source: trove.nla.gov.au)

Several civic buildings were erected along nearby View Street, with Angove and Fitzgerald Streets designated to become the new municipality’s commercial strip.

In 1897, 1.7 acres of the Toorak Estate was purchased and set aside for the rapidly growing area’s first school, opening in 1899 as the Woodville School with 125 enrolled students.

Municipality of North Perth, 1910 (source: trove.nla.gov.au)

6 Angove Street, North Perth, 1902 (source: trove.nla.gov.au)

North Perth, 1906 (source: trove.nla.gov.au)

Woodville Estate, 1900 (source: slwa.wa.gov.au)

The Angove Street Tram Demand for public transport in and out of the growing residential hub saw North Perth’s first tram terminus opened in 1906, stopping on Fitzgerald Steet at the site of today’s North Perth Plaza.

The line was extended through to the corner of Angove and Albert Streets in 1910, the occasion marked by some 700 local children permitted free tram rides from North Perth to Nedlands and back on the day.

Opening of the North Perth tramway, 1906 (source: slwa.wa.gov.au)

Angove Street, 1924 (source: trove.nla.gov.au)

Fitzgerald Street tram, North Perth 1958 (source: slwa.wa.gov.au)

Trams last day, 1958 (source: slwa.wa.gov.au)

The area swelled to 5000 residents by 1911, with the North Perth Primary School becoming the state’s then largest primary school.

Migration and expansion The Angove Street tram was extended to Charles Street in 1927, linking North Perth with its neighbouring suburbs to the west.

Cars would eventually replace trams in the area, the final North Perth tram services ending in 1958. Construction of the Mitchell and Kwinana Freeways in the 1960s and 1970s would eventually connect to North Perth via Charles Street in 1974.

The suburb continued to grow throughout the 20th Century, its rich cultural diversity aided by an influx of predominantly Italian and Greek migrants after World War II, and later Vietnamese, Korean and Burmese migrants and refugees in the 1970s and 1980s.

Angove Street, North Perth, 1960 (source: slwa.wa.gov.au)

LACH3001 : STUDIO RESOLUTIONS Site Analysis & Principles of Design

Aerial Photograph of North Perth, 1974 (source: trove.nla.gov.au)

Aerial Photograph of North Perth, 16 May 1986 (source: trove.nla.gov.au)

SITE ANALYSIS

Timeline of North Perth

North Perth Primary School. 1940s, (source: northperthlocal.org)

North Perth school hall, circa 1940s, (source: slwa.wa.gov.au)

Municipality of North Perth, 1910 (source: trove.nla.gov.au)

G oonder up Pla ce, a re cre a tion a nd s p or ts g rou nd i n A lb er t- s tree t, Nor th Per th , wh ich h a s b een conver ted i n a few month s from a w i ld , u neven slop e of g rou nd , to a s pa ciou s level led squ a re a s a re s u lt of the combi ned effor ts of the he a d m a s ter of the Nor th Per th S ta te s chool (M r J. P. Moore), s chola r s, pa rents a nd other enthu s ia s ts, wa s officia l ly op ened ye s terd ay by the Lieu ten a nt G over nor (Si r Jame s Mi tchel l), who wa s a ccompa n ied by La dy Mi tchel l To m a rk the o cc a s ion i n a s u i table m a n ner a tree pla nti n g a nd ded ic a tion ceremony wa s held , i n wh ich 29 tree s were pla nted a rou nd the squ a re by a numb er of g ue s ts wh ich i ncluded , i n a dd i tion to the Vicere ga l pa r ty, the Mi n is ter for Educ a tion (M r Tonk i n), the Lord Mayor ( D r Me a gher), the Di re ctor of Educ a tion (M r M. G. Li t tle), the Tow n Clerk (M r W. E. Bold), the Vice - Ch a ncel lor of the Un iver s i ty ( Profe ssor G. A . Cu r r ie), the Mayor of Frem a ntle (M r P. E. Gibson , M LC), M r V. H amer sley, M LC, a nd the Di re ctor of Na tion a l Fi tne ss a nd Phys ic a l Educ a tion (M r R . E. H a l ld ay).

The tree s pla nted were n amed to honou r ex plorer s a nd men a nd women who h ave b een prom i nent i n the public li fe of the S ta te. Wi th due appropr ia tene ss, Si r Jame s Mi tchel l pla nted a tree i n honou r of Si r Jame s S ti rli n g, the fi r s t G overnor of WA , a nd the Lord Mayor fol lowed by pla nti n g a tree i n honou r of the fi r s t Mayor of Per th (Si r G eor ge Shenton). The tree pla nted

by La dy Mi tchel l wa s n amed a f ter Mrs Joh n Wi th nel l, k now n as the "mother of the Nor th -We s t."

West Australian (Perth, WA) 17 August 1944.

Smith, Betty. North Perth Primary School, October 1985.

1897

1944

1985 (above) - Minimal planting along the gate line

One and a half acres of land is purchased for the site of a new school in the Toorak Estate.

Opening on 30 January 1899, the North Perth District’s first school consisted of one brick building divided into two classrooms, accomodating 131 students.

Goonderup Place, a recreation and sports oval, is constructed with the assistance of students and opens at the site adjacent to the school on Albert Street.

added little character and provided only minimal protection from the heat.

North Perth Primary, 1907 (source: northperthlocal.org)

LACH3001 : STUDIO RESOLUTIONS Site Analysis & Principles of Design

North Perth Primary School Classroom, 1957 (source: northperthlocal.org)

Recognition of Rhodes Scholar Edmund E. Jarvis at North Perth Primary School. 1941

1992 (below) - Pencil pines and rose bushes line an otherwise still sparsely shaded north face of the school.

2020 Not a lot has changed to the exterior of the school grounds in the last hundred years, the bare brick walls of the heritage buildings still dominating the northern face and the original school gates are now in need of repair.

West Australian (Perth, WA) 26 September 1946.

SITE ANALYSIS

Timeline of North Perth Primary School

50

Australian New Zealand English Irish Scottish Italian German Greek Dutch Macedonian Croatian Polish Chinese Vietnamese Indian -

North Perth 5.7 %

5-11

7.5 %

12-17

5.0 %

18-24

7.8 %

25-34

19.0 %

35-49

23.1 %

50-59

13.2 %

60-69

8.6 %

70+

City of Vincent

40

Greater Perth

% of households

0-4

30

20

10

0

10.2 %

Lowest

Medium Low

Medium High

Highest

$0 to $538

$$539 to $971

$972 to $1,559

$1,560 +

Household income (weekly)

Age distribution of North Perth population

Aranmore Catholic Primary

771 -

Highgate Primary

0.9 %

Pre-school

379 -

Kyilla Primary

7.5 %

Primary School

848 -

Mount Hawthorn

4.0 %

Secondary School

394 -

North Perth Primary

1.6 %

TAFE

207 -

Sacred Heart Primary

6.5 %

University / College

77 -

School of Isolated and Distance Education

79.5 %

177 -

Government

147 -

Catholic

111 -

Catholic

66 -

25

30

35

Children under 15

23.2 %

Mixed-age children

3.0 %

Children over 15

10.7 %

No children

67.0 %

Independent

North Perth students by school type LACH3001 : STUDIO RESOLUTIONS Site Analysis & Principles of Design

20

Secondary

Government

Independent

15

Households with children in North Perth

476 -

38 -

10

Not studying

Students within North Perth

Primary

05

Ancestry of population (greater than 1%)

403 -

Primary schools within the City of Vincent (Students as at Sem 1 2020)

05115 020 25 30 35

SITE ANALYSIS

North Perth Demographics

inc lus ivit y

North Perth Primary School Once Western Australia’s largest primary school, North Perth Primary has fluctuated in student enrolments over time, decreasing in recent years, but remains one of the single oldest continuously operating schools in the state.

In 2005, the school was added to the State Register of Heritage Places.

Catchment Area:

“We all see the world in different ways and we value and celebrate the diversity this creates.”

Principal:

Andrew Streeton

Teaching Staff: Admin/Clerical: Maintenance: Other:

23 4 1 10

Year range:

Kindergarten to Year 6

Timetable 2020 Rooms open: Classes begin : Recess: Lunch: School finishes:

8:30 am 8.45 am 10.50 am – 11.10 am 1.10 pm – 1.55 pm 3.00 pm

Term dates 2020 Term 1: Term 2: Term 3: Term 4:

Mon, 3 Feb Tues, 28 April Tues, 21 Jul Tues, 13 Oct

(18 FTE) (2.2 FTE) (0.6 FTE) (6.3)

re sili en ce

Thurs, 9 Apr Fri, 3 July Fri, 25 Sep Thurs, 17 Dec

“We encourage and support the taking of risks in a safe environment and foster perseverance in the face of setbacks.”

re spe ct “We treat everyone with respect and consider all points of view.”

re spo nsi bil ity “We accept responsibility for our actions and their impact on others and on the environment.”

Student numbers - Semester 1 2020 Kin. Pre. Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4 Y5 Y6 Total 29 45 47 50 44 64 55 40 374 ‘16 ‘17 ‘18 ‘19 2020 Sem. 1 Total Students (excl. Kin.)

LACH3001 : STUDIO RESOLUTIONS Site Analysis & Principles of Design

385 407 409 390 345

SITE ANALYSIS

North Perth Primary

What makes a good school?

Culture Values of respect, tolerance and inclusion are instilled and promoted by the school and adopted by the students.

Learning Diversity Cultural and religious diversity within students and staff is supported and celebrated by the school and students.

A diversity of opportunities for learning and play are offered with an understanding that each student’s unique needs, abilities and interests are worthy of consideration.

Family Parents are involved in school decisions, goalsetting and policy making.

Parents and family are encouraged to visit the school and engage with student work and activities.

Clear and constant communication between families and teachers.

Parents and family are invited and willing to participate in voluntary work within and for the school.

LACH3001 : STUDIO RESOLUTIONS Site Analysis & Principles of Design

Learning is central to all school activities.

Success and effort are equally celebrated and encouraged.

Every student receives equal attention and support in their learning.

Behavioural expectations are clearly communicated, encouraged and recognised.

Community

Staff & Teachers Teachers and staff prioritise the needs of students before anything else.

Teachers and staff exhibit strong and clear leadership at all levels, whilst encouraging leadership, responsibility and agency from students.

Students feel welcomed and cared for by teachers and their peers.

Students enjoy coming to school and are willing to be challenged.

Students feel supported by both the school and their peers, as well as willing and able to support others.

Play

Facilities

Local community are encouraged and willing to engage with school activities and provide support where available.

Occasions and opportunities for play are encouraged and supported in partnership with learning, both in and out of the classroom

The school grounds are safe, accessible and functional to students, staff and visitors of all ages and abilities.

Lessons occur within the context of the local community and environment.

Play activities should: - encourage and support problem solving and safe but challenging risk-taking - stimulate imagination - provide opportunity for an appreciation of and interaction with nature

The school environment is clean and organised, whilst remaining stimulating and welcoming for all students.

Play spaces should: - encourage physical activity and social interaction - have a strong sense of place - cater to a diverse range of abilities, cultures and demographics - offer a variety of choices, with zones for different energy levels

SITE ANALYSIS

What Makes a Good School?

Swan Coastal Plain Soils and landforms of Perth

North Perth

Mount Lawley

Charle s Ve ryard Re se r v e

Vasse

Cottesloe

Swan

Karrakatta

Guildford

Herdsman

Cannington

Bassendean

Forrestfield

Southern River

Darling Scarp

Guild f ord

INDIAN Yo k i n e R e se rve

OCEAN Be a t t y P a r k

H e rd sma n L ak e L ak e Mo n g e r

R ob er t s on P a r k

West Perth

rth

br

idg

J ohn Forrest

National Park

Hy d e P a r k

No

Nort h Pert h Primary

Quindalup

Pert h A irport

e

K i n g s P ark

P ert h

Darling 10

City of Vincent boundary U WA

North Perth Primary catchment area

Scarp

km

Greenm ount

So ut h P ert h

5k

m

r

North Perth Primary School grounds

State Forrest

iv

e

Location of North Perth Primary within greater Perth (right) and the City of Vincent (above)

Sw

N

0 (km)

an

R

Curt in U niversity

Fremant le

2

4

6

8

10

1:100,000

LACH3001 : STUDIO RESOLUTIONS Site Analysis & Principles of Design

SITE ANALYSIS

Location Maps and Geology

North Perth Primary School

Green open spaces Significant reserves North Perth Primary North Perth Primary Catchment

LACH3001 : STUDIO RESOLUTIONS Site Analysis & Principles of Design

SITE ANALYSIS

Neighbourhood Study - Boundaries and Greenspace

Site drainage map

Swan Coastal Plain soil types Quindalup:

Dunes and beach ridges composed of calcerous sand

Cottesloe:

Low hilly landscape with shallow brown sands over limestone, much exposed limestone

Karrakatta:

Undulating landscape with deep yellow sands over limestone

Herdsman:

Peaty swamps associated with Bassendean and Karrakatta units

Vasse:

Poorly drained plains with variable undifferentiated estuarine and marine deposits

Bassendean:

Sand plains with low dunes and occasional swamps; iron or humus podzols; areas of complex steep dunes

North Perth Primary North Perth Primary catchment

LACH3001 : STUDIO RESOLUTIONS Site Analysis & Principles of Design

SITE ANALYSIS

Neighbourhood Study - Geology, Soil and Hydrology

Parks and reserves Fauna transit corridors Fauna sightings (2000-2020) North Perth Primary North Perth Primary catchment

LACH3001 : STUDIO RESOLUTIONS Site Analysis & Principles of Design

SITE ANALYSIS

Neighbourhood Study - Eco-corridors and Fauna

Sealed roads Bike paths Shared paths North Perth Primary North Perth Primary catchment

LACH3001 : STUDIO RESOLUTIONS Site Analysis & Principles of Design

SITE ANALYSIS

Neighbourhood Study - Roads and Cycling Network

Sealed roads Bus network Bus stops North Perth Primary North Perth Primary catchment

LACH3001 : STUDIO RESOLUTIONS Site Analysis & Principles of Design

SITE ANALYSIS

Neighbourhood Study - Roads and Public Transport

A lbert Stre e t

An

go

ve

St

re

et

Hard-scaping elements Buildings footprint Main roads Brick walkway Pedestrian walkway Concrete floor Sand

Soft-scaping elements Streetscape planting (public) Residential planting (private) School planting

Annotations School boundary (Private) Proposed intervention site

O li v e S tr eet

Contour levels (1m)

LACH3001 : STUDIO RESOLUTIONS Site Analysis & Principles of Design

Woo dvi lle S t r ee t

Publicly accessible school grounds

0 (m)

Scale: 1:400

10

20

30

40

50

N

SITE ANALYSIS

North Perth Primary School - School Plan

14

A lbert Stre e t

An

22

go

ve

St

re

et

Notable places (within school grounds)​

11

1. Project intervention site 2. School hall (heritage) ​

2 12

21

3

14

3. New library​

20

4. Covered assembly area 5. Lawn​

1

6. Basketball court

19

7. Tennis court 8. Early childhood centres​ 9. Playground (sand) 10. Vegetable planter boxes

13

​

Notable places (surrounds)​ 11. School oval

4

12. Free climbing dome/ playground

6

5

13. Terraced amphitheatre 14. Car park 15. North Perth Town hall 16. Player 1 music school 17. Playgroup WA (not-for-profit org) 18. View Street Medical Practice 19. Wesco service station

5

​20. Rosemount Service Station​ 21. Brennan Sloan Accountants 22. Edison Property

10

8 7

Annotations School boundary (Private)

9

Proposed intervention site

O li v e S tr eet

10

Contour levels (1m)

16

17 LACH3001 : STUDIO RESOLUTIONS Site Analysis & Principles of Design

15

18

14

Wo odvi lle Str ee t

8

Publicly accessible school grounds

N

0 (m)

10

20

30

40

50

Scale: 1:400

SITE ANALYSIS

School - Building Footprints and Notable Places

A lbert Stre e t

An

go

ve

St

re

et

LACH3001 : STUDIO RESOLUTIONS Site Analysis & Principles of Design

Wo odvi lle S tr ee t

O li v e S tr eet

Yellow gum

0 (m)

Scale: 1:400

10

20

30

40

50

N

QLD Brush Box

Eucalyptus leucoxylon ‘Rosea’

Lophostemon confertus

Red-flowering gum

Rose Wood

Corymbia ficifolia

Tipuana tipu

Golden Honey Locust

WA Peppermint Tree

Gleditsia triacanthos var. inermis

Agonis flexuosa

Craven Myrtle

Showy Honey Myrtle

Melaleuca condylosa

Melaleuca nesophila

Tuart

Jacaranda

Eucalyptus gomphocephela

Jacaranda mimosifolia

River She-oak

Moreton Bay Fig

Casuarina cunninghamiana

Ficus macrophylla

SITE ANALYSIS

School - Significant Trees

A lbert Stre e t

P

An

go

Movement and Access

ve

St

Vehicular

re

Pedestrian

et

Potential sightlines Active spaces Passive spaces

P

Gates

P

Car parks

Annotations School boundary (Private)

P

Proposed intervention site Contour levels (1m) Publicly accessible school grounds

LACH3001 : STUDIO RESOLUTIONS Site Analysis & Principles of Design

P

P

Woodv ill e Str eet

O li ve S tr ee t

P

N

0 (m)

10

20

30

40

50

Scale: 1:400

SITE ANALYSIS

School - Circulation, Movement and Access

Annotations School boundary (Private) Proposed intervention site Contour levels (1m)

New library

Publicly accessible school grounds

Memorial

Basketball and

rose garden

netball court

Shaded

Central lawn

Maintenance access path

courtyard Indoor school hall

Hard-scaping elements Buildings footprint Main roads Brick walkway

Covered

Pedestrian walkway

assembly area

Concrete floor

Front office

Sand Bitumen in car park Wooden outdoor furniture

Soft-scaping elements Existing trees on site

Garden bed

Garden beds and lawn

Garden bed

N

0 (m)

5

10

15

20

25

Scale: 1:200

LACH3001 : STUDIO RESOLUTIONS Site Analysis & Principles of Design

SITE ANALYSIS

Site Plan

Annotations School boundary (Private) Proposed intervention site Publicly accessible school grounds

P

Water 0.3m

P

Gas 0.4m

Services scan and utilities 100

Water

300

Gas Comms Stormwater Unknown Water valve Gas meter

900 300

Unable to locate gas lead in (turns to PVC)

P

Storm water 0.2m

Possible gas hit on radar

LACH3001 : STUDIO RESOLUTIONS Site Analysis & Principles of Design

P

P

Rectangular pit Spot heights

300 150

N

0 (m)

5

10

15

20

25

Scale: 1:200

SITE ANALYSIS

Site Plan - Site Services

A

FFL - - - -+300 --------FFL - - -+150 --------

Car park

Path and Gate

Garden bed

Section through the new library

A’

Library

Section AA’ Scale: 1:100

B C

C’ B’

FFL - - - -+900 -------------------FFL - - -+300 --------FFL - - -+150 --------

Car park

Path

Gate

Low courtyard seating

Bench seats

Front office entrance

Section BB’ Scale: 1:100

Section through the main gate entrance

-FFL - - -+300 ------------------------------------FFL - - -+100 -------

Car park

Path

Acess

Longitudinal site section

LACH3001 : STUDIO RESOLUTIONS Site Analysis & Principles of Design

Heritage wall

Low courtyard seating

Front office entrance

Drink fountains

Covered assembly area

Retaining wall

Section CC’ Scale: 1:150

SITE ANALYSIS

Site - Sectional Studies

Shapes

Materials

LACH3001 : STUDIO RESOLUTIONS Site Analysis & Principles of Design

Artwork

Plants & Trees

Soft

Colour

Landmarks

SITE ANALYSIS

Photographic Documentation

Access & Revitalisation Strengthening the appeal and functionality of the school’s access points for students, staff and visitors, whilst encouraging a diversity of student activity through the revitalisation of currently underutilised space.

Learning & Play

Sustainability & Biodiversity

Providing every student with an optimised and equal opportunity for safe but challenging learning and play outside of the classroom, acknowledging and supporting the diversity of their needs, capabilities and cultural backgrounds.

Creating a low-maintenance and lasting landscape that embeds environmentally conscious behaviours and a connection to biodiversity through both scientific and Indigenous perspectives of the local environment. (think about community)

Inclusivity & Responsibility Promoting an environment that reflects and supports the school’s culture of inclusivity and acceptance, whilst cultivating each student’s self-worth and compassion by encouraging their agency to both care and contribute for their surroundings.

LACH3001 : STUDIO RESOLUTIONS Site Analysis & Principles of Design

SITE ANALYSIS

Design Principles

Bibliography Fig (1) ‘Aboriginal Culture’. Accessed 14 August 2020. https://www.visitperth.com/about-perth/indigenous-culture.

Fig (2) ‘The Changing Seasons | Friends of Brixton St Wetlands.Org.Au’. Accessed 20 August 2020. http://www.friendsofbrixtonstreetwetlands.org.au/changing-seasons/.

Playground Ideas. ‘10 Principles of Playground Design’, 23 February 2017. https://playgroundideas.org/10-principles-of-playground-design/.

‘Aboriginal Cultural Awareness and Engagement » City of Vincent’. Accessed 14 August 2020. https://www.vincent.wa.gov.au/community/your-community/aboriginal-cultural-awareness-and-engagement.aspx.

‘ABORIGINAL NOMENCLATURE’. West Australian (Perth, WA : 1879 - 1954). 5 May 1945.

‘About the Profile Areas | North Perth | Profile.Id’. Accessed 10 August 2020. https://profile.id.com.au/vincent/about?WebID=140.

‘Children’, 11 January 2016. https://www.un.org/en/sections/issues-depth/children/.

‘Convention on the Rights of the Child - Human Rights at Your Fingertips - Human Rights at Your Fingertips | Australian Human Rights Commission’. Accessed 11 August 2020. https://humanrights.gov.au/our-work/commission-general/convention-rights-child-human-rights-your-fingertips-human-rights-your.

‘Heritage Council of WA - Places Database’. Accessed 10 August 2020. http://inherit.stateheritage.wa.gov.au/Public/Inventory/PrintSingleRecord/28faba9e-f513-41fe-a8ea-878e3ed6271a.

‘Heritage Places » City of Vincent’. Accessed 10 August 2020. https://www.vincent.wa.gov.au/develop-build/heritage.aspx.

North Perth Primary School. ‘Local Intake Area’. Accessed 17 August 2020. https://www.northperthprimary.edu.au/for-parents/enrolment/intake-area/.

Adobe Spark. ‘North Perth PS Newsletter’. Accessed 16 August 2020. https://spark.adobe.com/page/uwRorcFt1woY3/.

‘OHCHR | Convention on the Rights of the Child’. Accessed 16 August 2020. https://www.ohchr.org/en/professionalinterest/pages/crc.aspx.

Trove. ‘OLDEST PERTH. - THE DAYS BEFORE THE WHITE MEN WON. - Western Mail (Perth, WA : 1885 - 1954) - 25 Dec 1909’. Accessed 16 August 2020. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article37401699.

‘School Overview North Perth Primary School’. Accessed 17 August 2020. https://www.det.wa.edu.au/schoolsonline/overview.do?schoolID=5372.

Statistics, c=AU; o=Commonwealth of Australia; ou=Australian Bureau of. ‘Main Features - About This Release’. c=AU; o=Commonwealth of Australia; ou=Australian Bureau of Statistics, 1 October 1993. https://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/cat/2101.0.

‘Wetlands Heritage Trail » City of Vincent’. Accessed 17 August 2020. https://www.vincent.wa.gov.au/residents/environment/environmental-sustainability/green-resources/wetlands-heritage-trail.aspx.

Education Matters Magazine. ‘What Makes a Good School? What Makes a Good Teacher?’, 22 July 2015. https://www.educationmattersmag.com.au/what-makes-a-good-school-what-makes-a-good-teacher/.

‘What-Makes-a-Good-Play-Area-Literature-Summaryfeb2011.Pdf’. Accessed 17 August 2020. https://www.web.uwa.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0011/1857467/What-makes-a-good-play-area-literature-summaryfeb2011.pdf.

Flaticon. “Flaticon, the Largest Database of Free Vector Icons.” Accessed August 15, 2020. https://www.flaticon.com/ “IntraMaps - Vincent Public.” Accessed August 12, 2020. http://maps.vincent.wa.gov.au/intramaps80/ “PhotoMaps by Nearmap.” Accessed August 12, 2020. http://maps.au.nearmap.com/ https://www.heraldsun.com.au/leader/inner-south/st-louis-de-montfort-aspendale-named-school-of-the-decade-at-resourcesmart-school-awards/news-story/b66c18dcbeeb50248abd16c32098c3fd​ http://landezine.com/index.php/2019/12/lakkegata-recreation-park-by-asplan-viak/​ https://www.sustainability.vic.gov.au/About-us/Latest-news/2017/10/23/22/44/St-Louis-a-Superschool-of-sustainability ​ https://www.stlouisaspendale.catholic.edu.au/​

Image References North Perth Local. ‘2. Tram Terminus’. Accessed 13 August 2020. https://northperthlocal.org/north_walk_perth/tram-terminus/.

North Perth Local. ‘4. Primary School’. Accessed 13 August 2020. https://northperthlocal.org/north_walk_perth/primary-school/.

‘33/15/1e: Plan of the Municipality of North Perth, [1910?] :: Slwa_b5132783_2’. Accessed 14 August 2020. https://purl.slwa.wa.gov.au/slwa_b5132783_2.

‘55/18/59: Woodville Estate, [1900?] :: Slwa_b4690494_2’. Accessed 14 August 2020. https://purl.slwa.wa.gov.au/slwa_b4690494_2.

‘226,558PD.Jpg (523×435)’. Accessed 19 August 2020. https://www.slwa.wa.gov.au/images/pd226/226,558PD.jpg.

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