Coworking Space - Research Document by Chee Yung Siau

Where people work

Coworking Space

Chee Yung Siau

Acknowledgements Abstract Introduction

4 5 6

New way to be productive coworking space - Literature review Community of Practice

10 24

Project I London’s most iconic coworking space - Tobacco Dock Workplace Drawing out the analysis - Building Structure Analysis

26 46

Project II A new prototype pop-up retail - Slack X Tobacco Dock Experimental pop-up retail

50 56

Project III The Post COVID-19 workplace Space & Co Brand new Digital Drive Coworking Space Brand new Individual Meeting Space Brand new Coburg Community Hub

82 108 114 132 148

Conclusion

164

Annotated Bibliography

166

Bibliography

172

Coworking Chee Yung Siau

Content

I would like to thank my classmates Rachel and Ed, for the well co-operation while delegating the jobs once the team project was assigned. The understanding and proper time management among us greatly impacted our progress and led us to a great process of getting the project completed. Great thanks to my tutor Roger Kemp for all the advice throughout the whole project, providing a more precise direction and motivation to get myself achieved at this stage. I’m immensely grateful to my tutor Anthony Fryatt and Adam Nash, for their sincere comments during the previous presentation, and their acknowledgment was genuinely motivated.

Abstract

Coworking Chee Yung Siau

Acknowledgements

Different professions require different working environments, some entrepreneurs or small companies have instead chosen to work at coworking spaces. This open plan environment is flexible and lower investment to work alongside other unaffiliated professionals. This current pandemic has led coworking space to develop a different working model to satisfy the existing users and committee needs. This project will explain different structures and the aim of the coworking environment, improving the site’s different elements for social distancing. Investigation and site analysis were done accordingly for better site understanding, developing different designs based on social interaction and the site limitation. Leveling is the primary design structure for interior improvement, and materials will be another crucial element to enhance the design results and customer satisfaction. Keywords Coworking, mixed cultural, social distancing, visual perspective, social interaction

Coworking Chee Yung Siau

Introduction

With the increase of coworking spaces in our cities, flexible working is becoming more achievable for many people. Many people are seeking greater flexibility to enable a better work/ life balance. This includes reducing commuting times and finding suitable locations closer to home while continuing to develop their careers and skills. Coworking spaces need to provide appropriate amenities to ensure continued efficiencies and to support the building of professional networks. From a design perspective, how can we increase the user’s satisfaction and meet more people’s needs? The purpose of this study will be highlighting the importance of natural elements (biophilic design, sunlight, etc.), materials, and other factors that may enhance the experiential qualities of these environments beyond the essential provision of desk space and printing services. This research is undertaken through an initial literature review focusing on coworking space. A case study of the Tobacco Dock has been reviewed and a series of design explorations to speculate on new ways of thinking about coworking environments. 6

Coworking Chee Yung Siau

A community of practice diagrams was developed to identify key design influences. Conducting research methods were applied during the study research, gathering information, and analyzing evidence to provide more academic results. Overview of the literature review of the topic will be discussed at the beginning of this research. Diagrams of the practice community will be displayed accordingly to deliver a better understanding of coworking’s concept. The flexibility of rental and office space are the two key drivers in the growth of the industry. Pop up retail shops could be interested in the existing coworking space, provide additional amenity and desirability for the brand users while also providing increased income through coworking and retail rental opportunities. Overview of the design concept will be explained regarding the brand concept and design background, along with the sustainability of the project for both pop-up retail and coworking space.

Top: ClubCo, Singapore Middle: Office Diageo, Singapore Bottom: Fosbury & Sons Coworking Space, Antwerpen, Belgium

Three sites of the last project work will then be analyzed accordingly, from the preliminary research towards the final project with all the initial explorations. Diagrams of the practice community will be displayed subsequently to explain the difference between three locations and the different approaches being applied based on the requirements and surrounding demand. New interior structure design will explain the purpose and potential result for the social distancing in this pandemic. 9

Literature Review

1.Mohora, Irina. “Importance of Biophilic Attributes in European Coworking Spaces.” Proceedings of INTCESS (2019): 979-988

Top: Second Home, Lisboa, USA Middle: The Assemblage, New York, USA Bottom: WeWork Weihai Lu, Shanghai, China

Coworking Chee Yung Siau

“New way to be Productive Coworking Space”

Coworking is getting shared and turning trendy where self-employed people or any regular firm sharing the space, facilities, and knowledge. The importance of balancing their life and work, as well as the advantage of sharing, will be discussed in this review. Few key factors were found to have a significant impact on the environment, such as lighting, space distance, and architectural aspects. Few researchers have criticized those few points and will be explained accordingly after. Overall, this literature review will provide a whole idea of how a current coworking space works with the few improved aspects, as discussed. Irina Mohora claimed that well-being is a stringent necessity in the office rather than wealth as it was perceived throughout history1. Functionality and comfort prevail, representing efficiency, creativity, and the development of networks. As we can see, the gradually improved telecommunication has led the workers to earn a more and more mobile working location. The trendy coworking space has now developed its character in the community to provide an environment where people build their working area and expand their network possibilities. 11

3.Mohora, Irina. “Importance of Biophilic Attributes in European Coworking Spaces.” Proceedings of INTCESS (2019): 979-988.

4. Mohora, “Importance”,979-988.

The transformation of work is now reflected in new approaches to collaboration, hierarchy, productivity, and interaction. Irina Mohora agreed that the simple act of “going to work” meant crossing a certain distance to a place to perform a specifically monotonous task3. In contrast, today perceiving the workplace where human interaction is sustained by spatial layout, furnishing, and overall interior space quality. I also agreed that following the changes of trend and high demand for customer needs, the coworking space is getting competitive and lacks attraction, which turned out to be people’s first choice while considering a location for stable development. Coworking space conceptually designed to fill the gap between home and office, which allows flexibility and fulfills the required common areas and facilities. Recently, the visual perception was taken into consideration relative to architecture and design, a massive range of sensorial experiences that affected the human space relation and focus capacity was implied. Irina Mohora also criticized that attention is highly related to efficiency, as excessive environmental stimulation leads to diverted attention, lowering productivity4.

Coworking Chee Yung Siau

2.Hui, DeJosephine Ong Ming, and Azizi Bahauddin. “Biophilic design in heritage indoor coworking space”

Despite architecture discussion often revolving around the omnipresent subject of residence, we should still never overlook the significance of the second ‘home’ that has enormous growth in its value and development in terms of psychological and functional implications. A user’s well being is a necessary key factor to determine a successful business and country economics2.

“Work spaces that provide the freedom of working for yourself with the community and creativity of a traditional job” Quote: Neubery, B. (2005) the creator of co-working, in an email interview.

Top: Workplace – The Work Project, Hongkong Bottom: Neuehouse, New York City, China

5.Hui, DeJosephine Ong Ming, and Azizi Bahauddin. “Biophilic design in heritage indoor coworking space”

Coworking Chee Yung Siau

Nowadays, the majority of workers spend a significant part of their time indoors, which lack nature connectedness is being present in illness. This will unintentionally develop deep pressure, mental stress and respiratory issues, which are defined as “The Sick Building Syndrome.” Biophilic is a concept designed for the building industry to enhance the occupant’s connectivity to the outdoor environment with the element of nature, spaces and place conditions. Based on some research, few investigations have shown that character can reduce stress and discomfort symptoms, and improve the quality of human mood and emotions. Some analyses have examined that nature is capable of minimizing the stress in mind and discomfort symptoms, feelings and social mood could be improved. Ming Hui and Azizi analysed that nature isn’t only essential for physical yet also significant impact on human well being through direct interaction with nature5. And I have found lighting is part of the significant impact of affecting a person’s working performance and production.

Left: Workplace Solutions

7. Gomes, Sandra. “A New Proposal”, 115-27.

Top , Middle & Bottom : R/GA Office New York by Foster + Partners and Tillotson Design Associates

Coworking Chee Yung Siau

6. Gomes, Cristina Caramelo C., and Sandra Preto. “A New Proposal of Lighting Design Layout for Workplaces.” Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing 491 (2016): 115-27.

Coworking space usually used plenty of artificial light in their interior work environment to replace the limited natural light from the surrounding area due to the large area within. Gomes and Preto investigated that the new approach of work and technological equipment rapidly impacted the workplace environment, as well as the need for respecting human dignity throughout the guarantee of user dignity and inclusivity6. Natural and artificial lights are good examples that have different parameters and impacts on human beings. The artificial light in Interior environments, which was conceived to work, was confirmed by the third photoreceptor’s discovery that it could deliver a specific impact on human visual and non-visual systems. The lighting level disrupts our circadian rhythms when interior environments and their natural and artificial light contribute to our sense of awake and somnolence. Gomes and Preto also examined that natural light has a huge connection between us and the natural world, creating the perception of time, weather conditions, graphic positions and different seasons throughout the year7. However, fluorescent lamps are the most common options to replace natural light in working environments with various forms, dimensions and effectiveness. The rise of LEDs has slowly substituted the fluorescent lamp to save energy while reducing the carbon footprint. The emission of blue light, fortunately, contradicted the LED once this colour temperature is harmful to the eye since it impair the retina and cellular DNA.

9. Gomes, Sandra. “A New Proposal”, 115-27.

10. Soegoto, E. S., and E. I. Hafandi. “Effect of Co-working Space Designs to Business Development and Increasing User Interest.” In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, vol. 407, no. 1, p. 012024. IOP Publishing, 2018.

11. Soegoto, Hafandi, “Effect”, vol. 407

Coworking Chee Yung Siau

8. Gomes, Cristina Caramelo C., and Sandra Preto. “A New Proposal of Lighting Design Layout for Workplaces.” Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing 491 (2016): 115-27.

Despite the development of technologies that have been improved consistently, yet a working environment should still benefit from natural light, said Gomes and Preto8. I agree with this because it will get users demotivated when they have higher exposure to lower levels of vertical illuminance. She also claimed that a lighting reflection on the screen would influence user visual acuity, which psychologically impacts the sense of tiredness and a reduction of concentration levels will induce a lower visual performance and others9. Therefore, windows work as an escapement that allows the refreshments of the eyes and de-stress of the mind, to restore the experience and contribute to promoting the sense of well being. Besides that, Soegoto and Hafandi had used a literature study approach to analyze the essential criteria to build an excellent coworking design space to improve the user appeal and create more potential business for future finance purposes10. They have suggested that a great coworking space must fulfill the architectural aspects which relate to lighting, activity and programming, ergonomics and others. Ergonomics were discussed by Soegoto and Hafandi that systematically utilize the data for design such as the strength and disadvantages of humans, to deliver a more excellent quality of products and working environment11.

Top: Peachtree Offices at Midtown Atlanta, USA Bottom: WeWork, Tyson, USA

13. Ondia, Sirimas, Sant, “Spatial Configuration” , 20-36.

14. Gerdenitsch, Cornelia, Tabea E. Scheel, Julia Andorfer, and Christian Korunka. “Coworking spaces: A source of social support for independent professionals.” Frontiers in psychology 7 (2016): 581. 15. Bianchi, Federico, Niccolò Casnici, and Flaminio Squazzoni. “Solidarity as a byproduct of professional collaboration: Social support and trust in a coworking space.” Social Networks 54 (2018): 61-72. 16. Gerdenitsch, Cornelia, Tabea E. Scheel, Julia Andorfer, and Christian Korunka. “Coworking spaces: A source of social support for independent professionals.” Frontiers in psychology 7 (2016): 581.

Social interaction plays an important role in the coworking space to attract people from different industries into one. People will start getting into groups and work along once they start socializing with each other. Being part of the same social group will promote supportive behavior and it is easier to ask coworkers to listen to job-related as well as personal problems14. People begin to be open-minded and start sharing with each other, positive relationships will be developed in the process. The environment doesn’t limit the user to work individually but encourages them to work in a different atmosphere which potentially improves their productivity and wellbeing. Trust developed while individuals professionally collaborate side-by-side could have expressive value as individuals not only appreciate each other’s expertise and skills during a collaborative project but also observe each other’s standards of conduct and moral attitude15. All the events held in Tobacco Dock created the opportunities for the users to interact with people from other industries as well, helped with strengthening exchange and community thinking16. This allows the independent workers to satisfy their need for social connection, while maintaining their desired autonomy and independence.

Coworking Chee Yung Siau

12. Ondia, Eric Prince, Sirimas Hengrasmee, and Sant Chansomsak. “Spatial Configuration and Users’ Behavior in Co-Working Spaces.” YBL Journal of Built Environment 6, no. 1 (2018): 20-36.

Besides the natural element which has a significant impact on the coworking environment, Eric, Sirimas and Sant used qualitative ethnographic research to prove the distance12 between peoples interact contingent beyond the relationship they share among which are intimate, personal, social and public distance. This is highly related to my concept of how I believe a coworking space should have a certain distance between users to maintain the conveniences, which could differentiate as socio petal or socio-fugal. They used the method of data collection such as visual documentation, direct observations and others to reach the best possible result of understanding the user’s behavior in coworking space when behavioral mapping could not well explain a person’s emotional interaction with space13.

Bottom: WeWork, Sunset North, USA

“Co-working spaces can play massive role in shifting our relationship with work to be one that is more intentional, collaborative, holistic, and positive.”

Quote: Bacigalupo, T. Founder of the New York Cities(2018)

17. Mohora, Irina. “Importance of Biophilic Attributes in European Coworking Spaces.” Proceedings of INTCESS (2019): 979-988.

Right: ShareCuse Coworking Space

With all the discussed topics and information above, a friendly and healthy coworking space design must be in consideration for anthropometry and ergonomics to create more conveniences for the users. Yet, a considerable challenge of satisfying every user is to identify if they are conscious of this natural connection necessity, agreed by Mohora14. To conclude everything above, I’ve shown that the “Nature in space” biophilic principle could bring a massive difference to the coworking space and natural light. The natural element is proven to have significant results in reducing stress, improving human well-being, and motivating people to work efficiently. Along with the relationship consideration by distancing people accordingly, All the research above is discussing different perspectives. However, they are all having a direct connection to improving the experience of coworking space and economic development. Accumulation for a period of time will have a significant result. The coworking space will be appealing for people to work at and develop in a more exceptional environment.

Coworking Chee Yung Siau

“Community of Practice” C OM M U NIT Y OF PRACT ICE Chee Yung Siau S3643460

NETWO RK O F PRINC IPL E

“The built environment is able to influence the feeling of a sense of community either directly or indirectly through increasing the chance of interactions among residents.” Leila Mahmoudi Farahani

“Visual perception of work environment implies a wide range of sensory experiences that influence the human-space relation and concentration capacity which related to productivity.” Mohora

“Design elements is effective for focused work also appeared to be effective to be collaboration, socialization and learning.” Ondia

“Economic factors and facilities provision affect the user's interest to use coworking space, and the raise of business development for the users who need flexible and dynamic work space.” Soegoto and Hafandi “Accessibility and atmosphere/interior are the most important characteristics when choosing a specific co-working space.”

Business Architecture Design Technology Community Psychology

“Technology provides means to dynamically sense and reflect social aspects of a place, offering place-based interactions towards amplifying meaning and sense of place.” Mark Bilandzic I MP O RTA NC E O F R ES E AR C H

C ATEGO RY

“The rise of technology enterprise has led to the creation of new remote office design norms, collaboration furniture with embedded technology allows users to has higher productivity and work with flexibility.”

Natural lighting

Collaborative Environment

Location Sensory Experience

Accessibility

Colour

Interaction

Material

Wayfinding Access Control System Tracking Space Utilisation

Site Adaptive reuse

User’s Behaviour

Vanichvatana, Sonthya, Investigating Users’ Perspectives of Coworking Space: Cases of Bangkok CBD, 2018

Productivity Well-Being Creativity

Cho Ken Ying, Filzani Illia Ibrahim, Zahari Zubir, Analyzing Social Interaction in Coworking Space: Case study on Common Ground, 2020

Clay Spinuzzi, Working Alone Together: Coworking as Emergent Collaborative Activity.

Nicola Gillen, Future Office: Next-generation workplace design, 2019

Saniya mukram Ansari, Renuka Bhuyar, Design and Implementation of Smart Office Automation System, 2019

Siemens Smart Office, Dubai

Yeal Xie, Smart Space Office Design, 2001

Jurlaan Van Meel, Yuri Martens, Hermen Jan van Ree, Planning Office Spaces, 2010

Kenny Kinugasa-Tsui, Co-Working Space Design, 2018

Selgascano, Second Home Hollywood Office

Slack Mircosoft Teams

Marko Orel, María del Mar Alonso-Almeida, The Ambience of Collaboration in Coworking Environments, 2019

Team Collaboration software

Circulation Stephen R. Kellert, Nature by Design - The Practice of Biophilic Design

Spatial

Udo Schliemann, The Importance Of Color In The Workplace

The Lighting in R/GA's Offices Provides Uniformity, Foster + Partners and Tillotson Design

Professor Alan Hedge, Natural Light Is the Best Medicine for the Office

Sogetsu Kaikan office, Nendo, 2015

Mies van der Rohe, Seagram Building, 1958

Form following function, Is the design industry creating offices that work for everyone?, Unispace

Louis H. Sullivan, Wainwright Building, 1891

Project

Bradbury building - Neuehouse, Los Angeles

Journal

Tobacco Dock Workspace, London

Book

Telecommunication

Less is more

Form Follows Function

Operation Mode

Biophilic design

Modern

The Edge - Deloitte, Amsterdam

Smart Office Technology

Temperature, Lighting and Power Control

One Central Park - Ateliers Jean Nouvel, Sdyney

AUTH ER , PR OJ E C T / W OR K , Y EA R

REFERENC E

Target Market Cabral, Victor, and Willem Van Winden, Coworking: An Analysis of Coworking Strategies for Interaction and Innovation, 2016

Example

Change Your Space, Change Your Culture: How Engaging Workspaces Lead to Transformation and Growth

Principle

Small Business Freelance Self Employed

“Coworker's motivation mostly depends on the workplace location which is inspiring or the dynamic atmosphere provides the opportunity for social interaction.”

Scott D., Scott W., Hasso P. ,Institute of Design at Stanford University, Make Space: How to Set the Stage for Creative Collaboration 2012

Strategic Management

TYPE / REL ATIO NSHIP

Sustainable Architecture

Space Experience

Work Dynamic

Tobacco Dock Workplace Chee Yung Siau

“London’s most iconic co-working space” Tobacco Dock London

The exploration of Tobacco Dock

1. Wood, Betty. 2020. “Tobacco Dock To Become A Tech Hub”. The Spaces. https://thespaces.com/ tobacco-dock-to-become-a-techhub/.

Top: Tobacco Dock Workplace, Office Area Middle: Tobacco Dock Workplace has been breathing new life as an event space. Bottom: The vaults of London’s infamous ghost mall are set to come back to life.

The objective of studying Tobacco Dock is to analyse the adaptive reuse of historical buildings and transform them into a multi-usage coworking area. It involved both the modern approach and sustainability to develop an environment of developing the potential future entrepreneur, attracting all kinds of users, either large scale or minimum to individual. The study also aimed to understand the current society requirement, fulfill an individual’s need for greater success for economic growth.

Tobacco Dock Workplace Chee Yung Siau

“London’s most iconic co-working space”

To complete this study with academic resources and reliable information, a generative research method was conducted during the research process, focusing on a deeper understanding of how Tobacco Dock evolved from an abandoned building1 to a location where recent users are longing for. A clear floor plan and interior layout were explored to understand the architecture. The working space layout was identified to explain the majority user group and differentiate the different group needs in this surrounding area. Tobacco Dock was first designed to be a huge event space for local use and multi-purpose. 29

“Workspaces In London | Tobacco Dock”. 2020. Tobacco Dock. https://www.tobaccodocklondon. com/workspaces.

Left: Tobacco Dock Great Gallery Right: Tobacco Dock Courtyard

Several comparisons have been done while deciding the actual location for this study project. Majority coworking spaces have a lot of similarities, such as the environment, facilities, and programs. Tobacco Dock caught my attention with the Grade 1 historic building, the idea of building preservation and sustainability. I’ve also decided to use this place to proceed with my research due to the process of how their business expanded. They started with running several kinds of huge events and slowly understood the local user’s need, fitting those elements in by retaining the specialty of the building. To the stage where we slowly dig into the space design, I’ve decided to explore the user’s background to understand the current needs and potential future development.

“Work spaces that provide the freedom of working for yourself with the community and creativity of a traditional job”

Tobacco Dock Workplace Chee Yung Siau

I’ve done more in-depth research to discover how they managed to expand the business model, well used of the large scale environment, and attract multiple kinds of consumers to experience the environment.

“One of London’s most exciting and fastest-growing spaces for cultural and corporate events and experiences”

Top Left: North Dock Event, Tobacco Dock

Top Right: Great Gallery Courtyard, Tobacco Dock

Bottom Left: Dock St Bar, Tobacco Dock

Bottom Right: Skylight Rooftop, Tobacco Dock

Throughout the process of researching, I’ve developed a better understanding of how they designed the coworking space yet retaining the large layout area for event organizing. They have implemented the basic needs of coworking space, protecting the old building structure and satisfying the user needs. The pros and cons of the coworking space are attracting different fields of profession, creating a platform for experience sharing and social interaction. Unfortunately, the close distance between seats has to be improved based on the gap between human research. The compact environment for fitting more users might affect the overall experience and working atmosphere.

Tobacco Dock Workplace Chee Yung Siau

Reflections on Tabacco Dock

This project’s main success will be sustaining the building preservations, creating a space of opportunities for users, and future economic growth. The culture of retaining the building’s history is essential, ensuring the growth of individuals is unavoidable either. This concept has to bring forward to the future for healthy and positive development. Yet, to balance both business revenue and the number increase of users, we need to consider the user’s comfort and privacy. The coworking space layout in Tobacco Dock will be left out in this research study for future business purposes.

2. “A Space For More Than Coworking :: An Interview With Jonathan Read @ Tobacco Dock”. 2016. Eoffice - Coworking, Office Design, Workplace Technology & Innovation. https://blog.eoffice. net/2016/11/space-coworkinginterview-jonathan-read-tobaccodock/.

Top Right: Great Gallery Courtyard, Tobacco Dock Middle: North Vault Courtyard, Tobacco Dock Bottom: Quayside Courtyard, Tobacco Dock

The main issue was developing venues that balanced architectural merit with flexibility during the recession. The Founder and Director of Tobacco Dock Workspace got excited with the relaunching and repurposed of the historical building with events and marketing background2. The business was started in October 2012 with their strong reputation, potentially seen as a leading London venue. Business gro 50% yearly and Tobacco Dock Workspace was launched in June 2015. The Rattle, a coworking space for musicians and artists, was launched after. The company carefully handpicked trusted service partners who qualified to work within the Grade 1 listed venue. These partners understood how best to assist you in creating memorable experiences.

Tobacco Dock Workplace Chee Yung Siau

Bussiness model of Tobacco Dock

How does Tobacco Dock being archived as London Hottest venue? The potential opportunities for clients have been continuously created to hold innovative and non-formulaic events for the best possible customer experience. They have implied a strong marketing strategy to be the creative producer’s venue of choice. It provides the latest technology, which allows cross-collaboration and idea-sharing, conducting an immensely secure and fast tech infrastructure. With all the services provided, including catering and audiovisual, the in house supplier has achieved Award-winning in Tobacco Dock and consistently delivers highquality services. With assistance from great partner service suppliers, the growth of returning events has improved over time and gaining more trust from our regular users.

“One of London’s most exciting and fastest-growing spaces for cultural and corporate events and experiences”

Tobacco Dock Workspace

The Rattle Musician Coworking Space

Tobacco Dock Workplace Chee Yung Siau

Meeting Room & Conference Room

Leisure Area Skylight Rooftop

Service Corridor Car Park

Tobacco Dock Vault Level Program Activities Diagram

Tobacco Dock Vault Level

Tobacco Dock Workplace Chee Yung Siau

Event Space

Common Area

Leisure Area

Loading bay & In-house Supplier

Car Park

Tobacco Dock Ground Level Program Activities Diagram

Tobacco Dock Ground Level

Tobacco Dock Vault Level

Tobacco Dock Ground Level

Top Left: Tobacco Dock Vault Level Floor Plan

Top Right: Tobacco Dock Vault Level, Space Planning Circulation Diagram

Bottom Left: Tobacco Dock Ground Level Floor Plan

Bottom Right: Tobacco Dock Ground Level, Space Planning Circulation Diagram

User Circulation Tobacco Dock has a huge internal area with different spaces. Both private and public spaces aren’t overlapping, they are both solicited and designed with their field. Public spaces are mostly focused in the middle of the building where people wouldn’t get confused easily. Private space primarily located on the side of the building since they don’t required interaction with others according to their concept. A quiet environment is essential where they prefer their privacy. The building space is designed to facilitate the human flow, vertically, or horizontally movement with the use of elevators and staircases. All the repetitive barrel vault could be an obstacle that might confuse people’s direction in the building. With a spacious hallway would provide an unobstructed environment. Members may access the building with five entrances available. Staff Circulation The site security office is located at the west entrance along Pennington Street, security check constantly to ensure the safety on-premises. Staff office is located next to site security, as well as the site induction department, which focuses on evaluating and maintaining the building’s condition. Loading-bay located at the south, which is next to Pennington street either, convenient for the supplier or any other company for items dropping and collecting. The catering kitchen which owns by Tabacco Dock located next to Loading Dock. A service corridor placed along three locations to provide a safe and private laneway for staff accessing to reduce any unnecessary body collision. Elevator service available between the loading-bay and on-site catering kitchen, this is beneficial for the rooftop bar above if any deliveries required. Event rooms are all concentrated in an area which convenient for people moving around. Staff welfare office is available on site too for human resources purposes.

Tobacco Dock Workplace Chee Yung Siau

Circulation

Tobacco Dock Workplace Chee Yung Siau

Spatial Experience Tobacco Dock offers 16,000 sqm space to play with, over two stunning levels. There are 57 spaces in an assortment of capacities that can be used individually or combined to create the event’s ideal layout. Many spaces boast glass frontages, streaming natural light, flexible layouts, and quayside views. Ground-level mainly using for Big Event like Festival, Awards, Exhibition, Music Event, and the vault level below consists of gorgeous Victorian walkways. 50,000sq ft of coworking space has been developed into desk space, private offices ranging from 6 to 50 users, meeting rooms, and food and beverage offerings. Tobacco Dock provides 11 meeting rooms ranging from 8 to 50 people and numbers of small courtyard, own clubhouse, as well as an art gallery potentially visitor attractions. Tobacco Dock workspace had not been utilised for years into bright and inviting collaborative workspaces. Large, chunky velvet-covered sofas, soft rugs, and heavy use of natural materials were used to soften the interior, and natural light also floods into the vaults via large windows leading out onto a courtyard. These features perfectly juxtapose the clean, powerfully industrial feel of the original brick creating a New York Loft style office space.

Left: Tobacco Dock Workplace, Semi Private Office

Top: Tobacco Dock Workplace, Hot Desk Middle: Tobacco Dock Workplace, Social Area Left: Tobacco Dock Workplace, Meeting Room

Tobacco Dock Workplace Chee Yung Siau

Mood Board of Tobacco Dock Workplace

“Work spaces that provide the freedom of working for yourself with the community and creativity of a traditional job”

Tobacco Dock Workplace Chee Yung Siau

“Drawing out the analysis” Building Structure Analysis This project aims to analyze the building structure and architecture features of Tobacco Dock. It discovered the building circulation related to both internal and external employees’ workflow and user’s coverage area. The interior structure was examined of how it affected the working atmosphere, the natural lighting, which has a particular impact on the user’s experience. In this research study, I’ve analysed the specialty of the building structure and architecture features and how they impact the whole environment. From the user’s point of view, the study of visual perspective has been done by researching the psychological impact and work depression handling. The circulation flow was clarified by understanding the arrangement of the layout plan and on-site activities.

Top: Existing building structural, Vault Level Middle: Existing building structural with dimensions, Vault Level Bottom: Existing building structural, Section Drawing

The distance between huge columns was calculated in consideration while examining the impact of a visual perspective. The study of the building layout was done to analyse how the back corridor was created for safety purposes. I’ve done the map study to determine how the workflow and user circulation aren’t affecting each other.

5000mm

3300mm

5000mm

The study research showed how detailed the company was focused on while designing the whole layout of the Tobacco Dock. I’ve gained new knowledge where a merged environment involved both events and personal workspace, the consideration, and planning to put safety as the main priority. SOCIAL AREA

Private Ofﬁce

Semi-Private Ofﬁce

Hot Desk & Fix Desk

Bookshelves & Locker

Tobacco Dock Workplace Chee Yung Siau

This project explained the visual impact of those building structures and architectural features. The repetitive columns in-between spaces somehow confused the user’s visual perspective. The study found that the huge column located at the middle spot, with the groin vault ceiling conceiving a tunnel view, which raises the sense of compression. All the users including external sources which involved in events organizing, internal users flowing area and safety purpose were all well considered while mapping the system. This approach is to ensure everyone can enjoy a comfortable and safe environment and improve the overall experience without getting interfered.

Service Area Collaborative Area Storage

WORK AREA

Entrance

Private Ofﬁce Existing Structure

Service Corridor Walkway

Service Corridor

Semi-Private Ofﬁce

Natural Lighting

Service Area

Hot Desk Collaborative Area

Left: Space adjecency and relationship diagram Right: Axonometric View

Barrel Vaulted User Circulation Staff Circulation

Entrance

Tobacco Dock Workplace Chee Yung Siau

“Let’s change the world we work in, not just the way we work.” - Frank Cottle Slack Pop Up Retail Entrance

New

Old

Virtual space

Physical space

Slack channel

Slack X Tobacco Dock An additional tension working environment in the current society led people to change a different space to expose themselves, meet new people, and discover something exciting to entertain their life. The prototype aims to provide amenity and desirability for the brand’s users while also providing increased income through coworking and retail rental opportunities.To design a compact area for insertion into existing coworking site. This area brings together meeting space, networking and social opportunities, and small temporary retail ‘pop up’.

Bottom: Slack chat interface

business communication platform

Community

meeting rooms

Connection not limited by physical boundaries

cloud-based collaboration tool (software)

Sharing Flexible Productivity

Remote team building activities

London biggest’s event hub

Communication

Sensory Experience

Tobacco Dock Workplace Chee Yung Siau

“A New Prototype Pop-Up Retail”

Sense of belonging

Asynchronous

face to face meeting

video conferencing meeting

Slack has the same idea as Tobacco to allow remote teams to stay productive no matter where they’re working. Slack allows productive teamwork to happen in channels where Tobacco dock has the coworking space for the team to perform at their best. They’re both platforms for working closely with external partners or new clients, no matter the size of the groups, types, or shapes. Same alignment of both for the team to share a view into the work being done. The concept of working can be both categorized into public, shared, and private, which brings all the right people into the same room.

Top: Slcak and Tobacco Dock relationship diagram

Tobacco Dock Workplace Chee Yung Siau

Service Corridor

Toilet Storage

Workplace

Pop up Retail Reception

Walkway Meeting area Bar

Main Entrance

This pop-up prototype is designed to locate in the midpoint of Tabacco Dock, which is easy access for all users, including staff. It used to be a break out area which further away from the coworking space. It’s the right spot for Pop up retail because the Tobacco Dock area is a dense environment, full of working tables that lack social areas. The service corridor on the side is convenient for the event company’s operation and avoid any interruption to other coworking users on site. The storage area on the next door is convenient for any event company for operation purposes. Toilets and receptions are accessible from the main entrance. Any outsiders would never get themselves lost in this large environment. Meeting area and bar are next to each other, which allows any users to grab a drink conveniently after any meeting or activities.

The pop-up retail isn’t limited to Tobacco Dock’s coworkers yet opened to the public, highly welcome any participant to share the new experience.

Top: Space adjecency and relationship diagram Right Top: Tobacco Dock Workplace’s facade Right Middle: Interior of Dock St Bar Right Bottom: North Vault Event Space

“Design is effective for work focus also appeared to be effective to be collaboration, socialisation and learning.” Existing Structure

Partition

Tobacco Dock Workplace Chee Yung Siau

“Experimental Pop-up Retail”

Design Statement The uncomplicated interior design is the aim of space’s concept idea. The whole process began by restructuring the very concept and functions of a traditional office and radically optimizing layouts, materials, and spaces for human performance.

Glass attach with Holographic sheet

Visual Interaction

Sitting Area Archway

I was attempting to use the least material due to the dense environment from coworking space and site limitation, such as the column width and ceiling height. The installation is attentively considered for future use. It may be returned into a proper meeting room or private room when not in use for events.

Left: Initial diagram of the new pop-up prototype retail.

2. Eliasson, Olafur. 2011. “Seu Corpo Da Obra (Yo... • Artwork • Studio Olafur Eliasson”. Olafureliasson.Net. https:// olafureliasson.net/archive/ artwork/WEK107097/seu-corpoda-obra-your-body-of-work. 3. “Seu Corpo Da Obra (Yo... • Artwork • Studio Olafur Eliasson”. Olafureliasson.Net. https:// olafureliasson.net/archive/ artwork/WEK107097/seu-corpoda-obra-your-body-of-work?

Quote: Olafur Eliasson, 2011

Right: A labyrinth of coloured, translucent panels rearranges into chromatic variations as visitors walk through it. Seu Corpo Da Obra (Your Body of Work), 2011 - Olafur Eliasson

“You only see things when you move.”

Tobacco Dock Workplace Chee Yung Siau

1. “Olafur Eliasson’s First Major Museum Presentation In Stockholm Opens At Moderna Museet”. Artdaily.Cc. https:// artdaily.cc/news/81924/OlafurEliasson-s-first-major-museumpresentation-in-Stockholm-opensat-Moderna-Museet?

These inspirations increased my determination to design my desired space into a maze form, an interaction space with an illusion virtual environment. Perception is central to the art of Olafur Eliasson, Seu Corpo Da Obra (Your Body of Work), which draws our attention not only to what we see but how we see, in the artist’s own words: “Seeing yourself seeing”1. Therefore, partitions will be implemented to create the pathways and separate the spaces into three rooms, war room, social room, and a meeting room. A semi-permanent installation with a transparent panel immerses the user in an optical environment. Users may see through the semi-permanent installation and interact with other users from the other side. This idea concept lets users have a semi-clear view of the environment, experiencing finding their pathway to the location they are seeking. Additional colors appear where these hues visually overlap, forming spontaneous compositions that continually change in response to viewers’ movement through the space2. Archway will be placed in particular corners to confuse the user’s visual perspective, losing their direction in the endless view with the illusion atmosphere. This may enhance the visual experience while walking around this area, improve the whole atmosphere of the virtual environment. Motion-oriented and keenly engineered to focus on human being’s spontaneous, improvised engagement with both potential and kinetic energy3. All the designs and concepts above are well-considered while constructing this particular area for Pop-up retail shops, aiming to increase the engagement between the users and the whole futuristic environment.

The holographic sheets which attach on the transparent material experimenting on Pleochroism (an optical phenomenon in which the colour of a substance shifts when observed at different angles) and its dynamic with users’ experience as well as productivity4. The transparent holographic glass creates an interacting space for the people from both sides. It is strategically placed across the space-wide, reflecting natural sunlight to imbue the internal environment. The rainbow represents a spectrum of possibilities in which the human mind can learn and grow. This meeting space practices on user’s opportunities for inspiration, collaboration and social interaction. This pop up retail prototype has the potential to improve future social interaction, significantly towards individual and collective wellbeing.

Ott, Clara. 2019. “Mindvalley Headquarters / IDEAWORKSHOP”. Archdaily. https://www.archdaily. com/918048/mindvalleyheadquarters-ideaworkshop.

Right: Conceptual diagram of the new pop-up retail prototype.

Semi-Private Room Archway

Exit

Tobacco Dock Workplace Chee Yung Siau

By involving the perceptions of light and colour, as well as the visual connections throughout the space, I’m aiming to encourage the users to engage themselves in this visual effect from the reflections and angles of the coloured panels. People’s perspective then changes constantly by their various movements which enhance the visual interaction experience in that space room.

Private Room Sitting Area

Entrance

Semi-Private Room

“We need time to understand how people are feeling, what science is learning and the technologies that are emerging to fully comprehend the future workplace.” 61

Tobacco Dock Workplace Chee Yung Siau

“Fate controls who walks into your life, but you decide who you let walk out, who you let stay, and who you refuse to let go” Space Planning Service Corridor

“Fate controls who walks into your life, but you decide who you let walk out, who you let stay, and who you refuse to let go.” It could be a coincidence meeting people at any corners in this space, but it could be that person who influences your future and achievement. Those three rooms could be social, meeting, and war rooms. To develop a space for human social interaction, whiteboard and the sticky pad was provided along with some loose furniture. There’s privacy retained in the area with a maze form designed, partitions creating space intervals to reduce interruption.

Room

Entrance Room

Exit

The idea of a meeting area is meant to be a semi-formal area which aimed to create an environment with more flexibility and mind relaxing. The users earned the opportunities to discover different experiences, more exposure to a new atmosphere, and expanding networks by meeting new people.

Right: Initial diagram of adjacencies and relationships

Service Corridor

Sitting Area

Tobacco Dock Workplace Chee Yung Siau

Archway

Private Room

X’

X 2

Semi Private Room

Entrance

Y’

Exit

Z’

Furniture Layout Plan Pop up Retail ScaleFloor 1:100Plan

Left: New pop-up prototype retail furniture layout plan, scale 1:100

Scale 1:100

Right: Axonometric view of new pop-up retail prototype

Semi Private Room

Walkway

Tobacco Dock Workplace Chee Yung Siau

Walkway

Private Room

Section X-X’ Scale 1:100

Top: Slack - Pop up retials, Section Drawing Bottom: Slack - Pop up retials, Section Elevation View

67 Social Interaction Area

Semi Private Room

Walkway

Entrance

Social Interaction Area

Section Y-Y’ Scale 1:100

Semi Private Room

Walkway

Tobacco Dock Workplace Chee Yung Siau

Entrance

Top: Slack - Pop up retials, Section Drawing Bottom: Slack - Pop up retials, Section Elevation View

Social Interaction Area

Section Z-Z’ Scale 1:100

Pricate Room

Archway

Tobacco Dock Workplace Chee Yung Siau

Service Corridor

Top: Slack - Pop up retials, Section Drawing Bottom: Slack - Pop up retials, Section Elevation View

Tobacco Dock Workplace Chee Yung Siau

“The built environment is able to influence the feeling of a sense of community either directly or indirectly through increasing the chance of interactions among users.” Quote: Leila Magmoudi Farahani

The semi-private room develops a space for social interaction, whiteboard, and the sticky pad was provided along with some loose furniture. Right: 3D view, War room 1

Tobacco Dock Workplace Chee Yung Siau

“Visual perception of work environment implies a wide range of sensory experiences that influence the human-space relation and concentration capacity which related to productivity.” There is privacy retained in the area with a maze form designed, partitions creating space intervals to reduce interruption.

Quote: Mohora

Right: 3D view, War room 2

Tobacco Dock Workplace Chee Yung Siau

“The infinity and illusion effect enlarge the space, close to the approach of how Slack channel brings entrepreneurs to a much larger network. ”

The idea concept is to extract the chatbox from the screen to a realistic chatroom. Mirrors were set on both sides to create repetitive reflection on the users, representing a different chat room on the other. For example, few chat boxes could be opened on Facebook pages with diverse groups of people. Despite the fact that the user has opened the chatbox, the opponent wouldn’t reply till the moment they turned online, creating a row of chat boxes at the bottom bar of the Facebook page. Every reflection represents an individual chatbox. Although no one showing up in the room doesn’t mean the user is alone because they still have another chat box to wait for people to join, which is the other room in the reflection. Left: Concept diagram of virtual experience room

“Technology provides means to dynamically sense and reflect social aspects of a place, offering place-based interactions towards amplifying meaning and sense of place.”

Tobacco Dock Workplace Chee Yung Siau

Mirror and lighting are two elements that implement into this event room to create a visual spaciousness for the user. Mirrored fixtures are identically organized to develop multiple reflections in space, visually extend the space and improve visibility. Ideally, it is designed to create a disorienting environment where we aren’t sure what’s real or what’s an illusion.

The display area was designed based on the idea of digital virtual space, to create various chat rooms which bring slack channels to reality space. The user can meet people and chat face to face while experimenting in the physical chat room.

Image: Virtual Experience Room

The projector will then replay the conversation between users using (Artificial Intelligence), which reflects the user’s experience.

“Workplace is a high performance business tool to connect people and rapidly capture and develop new ideas that will sustain companies long into the future.”

I have successfully explained Pop Up Retail Slack, emphasizing the aim of this project and the potential impact on this society. The spatial diagram is a critical element that I have used to describe the relationship of this space, which I found useful and practical for theses in for future research. I have learned the importance of planning my project, getting a good structure of explaining the information will deliver a more excellent image to the audience. Besides that, a precedent study played a vital role in increasing the research’s reliability, which I am looking forward to in the future, comparing and reading will improve my knowledge and make a greater comparison for my next projects.

Tobacco Dock Workplace Chee Yung Siau

Quote: Bob Fox

The final result of this study has identified the user’s flexibility and convenience are the main priority while designing a massive working layout, retaining the historical sculpture, and improving the user’s experience. The approach of applying materials and different elements to develop various atmosphere delivered a different inspiration for my future references. This pop up retail prototype will significantly have the user reverse thinking of the current social phenomenon.

Bottom: Pop up retail’s facade

The Post Covid-19 Workplace Chee Yung Siau

“Goodbye open space, hello Cubicles”

Action Office Herman Miller

Work from home to new coworking space This project was developed based on the current COVID-19 pandemic, keeping users motivated, and working in a safe environment without much concern. Three vacant suburban sites were selected for further development, which is Coburg, Eastland, and Docklands. These locations are all covered with different demographics, market strategies, the site’s structure, and local demand. The current market has demanded alternative and safer working environments, smaller, less dense, and localised, yet still allowing a particular engagement with more extensive working networks—developing health awareness and contactless points with more privacy and fewer work complexities. Edward and I are fortunate to be in the same group. Therefore we have shared the same content for the brief development. When we first got assigned to these locations and the team members, we immediately started our progress by analyzing the site by doing site evaluation. Site research regarding the demand figure, local work atmosphere, and users’ needs in that individual location. We did as well visit 84

the site to observe and take notes with some details which couldn’t be found online or on the website, such as site measuring, analyzing the surrounding atmosphere and needs. Collecting any related data to emphasize the reliability of the projects. Once data assembled, we then further discuss the potentials and scenarios to conclude the required information. Every site has its pros and cons, which we need to improve and reconstruct. Based on my research and evaluation, the Coburg site requires a new design concept to attract new users, yet fitting the local committee needs. Eastland site was concerned with a large family and homeowner demographic in the neighborhood, which aimed to provide more convenience, allowing them to undertake errands and improve lifestyle. Dockland site has to develop into a work style that has to satisfy multi-culture users in the city, creating exposure to more visitors.

The Post Covid-19 Workplace Chee Yung Siau

“The Post Covid-19 Workplace”

These projects have allowed me to develop a better understanding of the design influence of the users and location needs. I realized the demographic is one of the key points to lead the design to success. Design cannot always be based on the ‘want,’ but ‘need’ is the main consideration for ensuring future potential and sustainability. Throughout this project, despite it is not a long process, I have obtained a better ability to think from people’s point of view and communicate for more excellent outcomes. This is part of my success in this project as I would never be able to step out of my comfort zone if my design mindset retains as before.

The Post Covid-19 Workplace Chee Yung Siau

Architecture Library Chulalongkorn University Khhet Pathum Wan, Thhailand

Within the COVID 19 situation, the critical spatial issues facing co-working spaces are balancing the requirement of social distancing and typical socialising needs. It is important to reduce the density of occupied office space by reconfiguring the workspace accordingly. Work tasks are essential to be restructured to ensure the ability individually to enforce social distancing. The use of screens and room dividers is necessary to keep everyone apart for protecting an individual’s safety. Social distancing will be the principal aim for every organization to reduce the risk of any COVID-19 infection. The overall space needs to be flexible and transformable to meet all the needs of various co-working groups, which can be approached through lighting, fittings, and size.

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What are we facing right now?

Top: Shoppers keep their distance while waiting in line outside a supermarket in Barcelona, Spain. Staying six feet apart can slow the spread of COVID-19, by David Ramos Middle: Woolworth supermarkets have been installed plastic shields at the checkout to prevent the coronavirus from spreading. https://www.newcastleherald.com. au/story/6694549/shields-at-thesupermarket-checkout-to-protectworkers/ Bottom: Shoppers keep their distance while waiting in line outside a supermarket in Barcelona, Spain. Staying six feet apart can slow the spread of COVID-19, by David Ramos

The outbreak of COVID 19 has raised the awareness of social distancing, although the infection figures seem to recover. Potentially within the coming one or two years, outdoor activities will still retain the same alertness. The country’s economic status requires patience to gain past scenery. Different industries have different impacts on their business model. Some might return to their actual position, and some might still be required to work from home. As we believed, the crowd in the city will slowly return to the previous stage once the business demand increased. With all the awareness since COVID-19, the maximum capacity of public transport will reduce half since people will retain social distancing to avoid close interaction with others. Working space would not fit the user’s actual capacity, which required location changes for specific populations. Working from home would not be a long term strategy to retain productivity as a proper working space. With all the above factors, we may agree that the co-working brand moving out to suburbs may expand the working environment, increase working capacity, and reduce the pressure of transportation. Providing a comfortable environment for the user may encourage socialising, which develops an atmosphere where people may work confidently and effectively.

“The complaints about working from home have always been, number one, loneliness, and number two, productivity. Corporations are realizing that, if they want their remote workers to be productive and happy, they need to let them cowork.”

The Post Covid-19 Workplace Chee Yung Siau

What is the key issues will be co-working brand moving out to the suburbs?

Working from home does not reduce the pressure. Photograph: Getty Images

In a post-COVID-19 environment, there comes a new form of working. Is the new working from the home system working better than we anticipated, or is there a lack of engagement through isolation and a dull working environment? However, with research around the rates of infection on public transport, there has become resistance to wanting to use these facilities to travel into the office. Space & Co is developing a new model to overcome this barrier. With new smaller and more localised sites within suburban locations. Space & Co will be able to provide safer and more engaging working environments for its members.

Reopening the economy will challenge every company to quickly regain productivity and competitiveness, without compromising health and safety.

With each site comes a separate aim in providing what is best for their community. Each development will house programs that are designed to benefit the users, providing a local environment for coworking needs. The Docklands development is aimed to spark a new community atmosphere in a continually adapting site, Coburg, Eastland...

Top: Space and Co

Middle: Space and Co, Social area

The Post Covid-19 Workplace Chee Yung Siau

The exploration of a new suburban framework in coworking space

To build a design strategy that can be adapted into short and mid-term tenancies is a design that evaluates the site effectively. Developing a design strategy that can be implemented with minimal labour requirements keeps the site’s implementation at low cost. This also allows for the manipulation of the design scheme to suit the site it occupies. It gives them the ability to remove the site and use its resources in a new or existing site if the tenancy changes. Also, implementing furnishings with surfaces that are easily cleaned and monitored to reduce the possible spread of infection will ensure the success of the design strategy, whether short or midterm.

Bottom: Space and Co, Meeting space

When implementing a new design strategy for an existing concept, the moves that are generated will explore the complexities of coworking, and further pinpoint are essential programs and non-essential programs within the design model. It is important during this design development that there is a strong relationship with the users and the community involved and providing a place where members can come and feel part of an environment that is inclusive for all working types, where possible. The safety of members during this transition is of the utmost importance in each design prototype. Implementing strategies such as software that allows for remote bookings via a mobile app and checking availability before going to the site ensure there is no unnecessary travel for the members. Providing health awareness instructions to all new and coming members to understand how the site operates to ensure that all facilities remain clean and usable to all users, and providing contactless points where possible to reduce the transfer contact with surfaces and risk of infection transfer.

Image: Gwynne St Studio, Cremorne, Melbourne by Biasol

To encourage members to use this site, a market strategy to reflect a new focus on selling private office memberships and lowering pricing for new members and discounts to current members. The design strategy will develop options for those who wish to work more privately and want space to reduce contact with others when using the sites.

Quote: Nora Fehlbaum, CEO of Vitra

Each new prototype will ensure that communication is optimal. It will provide conversation platforms for members to communicate with each other and with Space & Co. management team to highlight any concerns with the new sites and the implementation of new safety measures.

The Post Covid-19 Workplace Chee Yung Siau

Plan for a rapid relocation & awareness campaign for the change in business

“Every company is responsible for taking precautionary measures in the workplace to stop the further spread of COVID-19, and physical distancing remains the most effective tool in this regard”

To benefit the entire community, partnerships with be explored with local businesses to assist members and their families, including additional services such as food delivery. They are promoting brand awareness within the existing community to give back as a part of our establishment into the site. 95

Eastland, Ringwood Family and friends, the suburbia, space and the community. The implementation of a design strategy will encapsulate the ideas of the suburban lifestyle and the busy and chaotic nature of family life.

It is a community platform that allows members of space & co to experience a better work-life balance, which provides a connection between users and the neighbourhood to remove the feeling of isolation during isolation and develop a sense of belonging.

Docklands The Docklands site is apart of an ever-developing system of implementation. An extension of the CBD this site has the opportunity to develop new ideas of working and how people imagine doing their work. To establish an implementation that can add and explore new modes of working, an intrinsic exploration of encouraging and engaging with workers to explore and become involved with new development.

Each site is intended to be developed in a way that is entirely user friendly. In the context study of each site a set of programs is established to ensure that the design implementation of each site is tailored to benefit the residence in each community.

Wellbeing happens when there is an intersection between our physical, cognitive and emotional health — safety is foundational to all three.

The Post Covid-19 Workplace Chee Yung Siau

Mode of Working

Sydney Road, Coburg Due to the demographic of Coburg being largely young professionals and creatives the juxtaposition of spaces. Form solo desk uses to group collaboration design spaces. The Sydney Road site will generate a dynamic and interactive space that will house multiple industries and generate business connections that would usually be missed.

Image: Second home coworking space

Each of the new sites will be explored in a manner that will optimise members safety. Looking into processes that will reduce contact with surfaces, where possible, increase spatial awareness and proximity to other members and investigate the modes of working in a form that allows all members to have an option of their preferred way of working. In the current climate, there will have to be a reduction in the number of communal spaces provided and an investigation into how many users will be able to use the communal space at any one time. Smaller office meeting rooms will continue to be explored; however, the same issue stands that there will be a lack in option for how large meetings can be given the space provided.

Top: Mindvalley office, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

The Post Covid-19 Workplace Chee Yung Siau

Intended Experience

The material quality of these new prototypes will be exploring surface materials to their ease in cleaning. It provides lightweight and malleable furnishing that can be moved and controlled to ensure that spaces are diverse and adaptive to aid in user satisfaction. Light partitions will be about for division and understanding of spatial boundaries within site without compromising the illusion of space. Investigating other ques to dictate the division of space, through the use of colour and lighting to define boundaries, while generating a complex and engaging place of work.

Image: Second home coworking space, Holland Park Top: Mindvalley office, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

The Sydney Road site in Coburg can explore new processes and concepts in design implementation. By focusing on the users, the site can become a dynamic, vibrant system if interior conditions that can be manipulated and controlled to allow for all business types, implementing partition and structures that can be transparent to explore the scale of the site while providing safe and secure working pockets for desk and creative employees.

Top: Eastland Shopping Mall site location Middle: Sdyney Road, Coburg site location

The Post Covid-19 Workplace Chee Yung Siau

The Ringwood site in the shopping complex at Eastlands will need to investigate a process that can be implemented under the code of the aesthetics of the development. Being able to become a part of the site and coexist with the pre-existing businesses that have been established. It provides a systematic process that engages with the design elements to give a cohesive exploration that can follow Space & Co in their aims and intensions and fulfill the requirements of the site.

In the BatesSmart development in Docklands, there is an opportunity to investigate their intrinsic design strategies. They provide an extension or a contrast to their capabilities and explore other possibilities to aid in the community focus and draw to the development site. They are investigating design strategies that again follow this new form of office working and how spatial conditions must come into play and the exploration of ‘pieces’ that can be used and expanded throughout the building as required.

Bottom: Digital Drive, Bates Smart, Docklands site location

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Ringwood is a suburb of Melbourne, which 23km east from Melbourne CBD. It is a thriving center amid a transition into one of the largest retail and commercial centers in the metropolitan area. Ringwood, as an area has been designated a Metropolitan Activity Centre, which puts it at the top of the priority list out with the city center. 62.9% of people living in Ringwood were born in Australia. The other top responses for country birth were 5.7% China, 3.3% England, 3.2% India, 3.0% Myanmar, and 1.4% Malaysian. 67.8% of people living in Ringwood only speak English at home. The other top languages spoken at home were 6.8% Mandarin, 2.5% Cantonese, 1.2% Zomi, 1.1% Punjabi, and 1.1% Persian.

The Post Covid-19 Workplace Chee Yung Siau

Eastland Shopping Mall, Ringwood

The median age is 37.

Top: Eastland shopping Mall site map Bottom Left: Eastland Shopping Mall’s facade Bottom Middle: Existing site indoor view Bottom Right: Existing site outdoor view

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The Digital Harbour is adjacent to Marvel Stadium and is bound by La Trobe Street, Harbour Esplanade, Dudley Street, and Wurundjeri Way. It’s only moments from the city, walking distance to Southern Cross Station with tram stops located on the doorstep. The City of Melbourne is home to one of the world’s most harmonious and culturally diverse communities. Docklands boasts a strong cultural side with people from all over the world, with around 140 cultures representing Victoria’s original indigenous inhabitants to more recent migrants from different countries.

The Post Covid-19 Workplace Chee Yung Siau

Digital Drive, Bates Smart, Docklands

The site occupies a demographic that is the most commonly young workforce (25 to 34), with 37.6% being aged between 25-34 years. Over half of the population in Docklands are employed and have a full-time job. The majority of them are working outside the City of Melbourne. The most common occupations in Docklands (State Suburbs) included Professionals 40.5%, Managers 19.4%, Clerical and Administrative Workers 11.6%.

Top: Digital Drive, Bates Smart, Docklands site map

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Bottom Left & Right: Digital Drive, Bates Smart, Docklands site location

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219 Sydney Road is situated 9kms from Melbourne’s CBD. Surrounding the site, several small businesses operate within a 3-5 minute walk from the site. The 19 Tram runs directly up Sydney Road, and there are two train stations within a 10-minute walk from the site with access to supermarkets, banks, and an oval at Coburg Train Station. Coburg is a highly dense suburb of Melbourne, with an average of 42.23 persons per hectare. The population of people around the site is usually renters, with a renting average of 52-57%, including proximity to the site, and 37-51% in surrounding areas.

The Post Covid-19 Workplace Chee Yung Siau

Sydney Road, Coburg

The site occupies a demographic that are most commonly young professionals with 18-33% being aged between 25 to 34 years. The employment census depicts that 46-57% of the Coburg population are managers or professionals within their industry. With another 6-12% within the trade workforce.

Top: Sdyney Road, Coburg site map Bottom Left: Sdyney Road, Coburg site location Bottom right: Sdyney Road, Coburg indoor view

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Introduction of Space & Co Space & Co is a local Australian brand based in Melbourne that offers more businesses greater freedom to work smarter. A bespoke and spacious environment caters to all sizes of companies from a vast range of industries, which differs from traditional coworking spaces. Spaces crafted to be homey, solidified the position as the user’s first choice to work smarter.

The Post Covid-19 Workplace Chee Yung Siau

“Space & Co”

Space and Co is a developing company that has great potential in the coming years. This is a huge opportunity to support local brands, especially during this pandemic, allowing them to develop their concept further and expand their client field.

Top: Space and Co Meeting Room

My current three projects will implement the same element, such as the materials from an existing design, exposing the space and co-brand for the next three different sites.

Middle: Space and Co Meeting Room Bottom: Space and Co Working Area

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Top: “Jungle Gym” framework for the 1959 American National Exhibition in Moscow by George Nelson

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Throughout the whole design process, a traditional formulated grid will be a no while developing the design concept across the sites. A dynamic cubicle structure with natural element influence will be fundamentally different compared with those typical workplace design. These projects are aimed to improve the engagement between users, encouraging people to start working locally, and supporting the local coworking site. Based on the precedent studies, such as the “Jungle Gym” framework for 1959 by George Nelson (Top) illustrated how exhibits and photos could be presented in the site and how the structure will change the layout of interior spaces1. Another study that demonstrates the dynamic qualities that leveling could create is the House N/A by Sou Fujimoto (Top Right). It describes ‘a unity of separation and coherence’2, a house acts as both a single room and a collection of rooms of the interior. With further investigation of the natural element impact on the environment, Pavillion of the Origins by Hung Nguyen (Middle Right) shows a harmonious relationship is established between humans, nature, and interior space3. The superstructure bu Gustav Dusing and Max Hacke (Bottom Right) examined the different materials that can effectively facilitate the relationship between inhabitant, interior, and structure4.

2. “House NA / Sou Fujimoto Architects”. 2012. Archdaily. https://www.archdaily. com/230533/house-na-soufujimoto-architects. 3. “Pavilion Of The Origins / Hung Nguyen Architects”. 2017. Archdaily. https://www. archdaily.com/869376/pavilionof-the-origins-hung-nguyenarchitects?ad_medium=gallery.

The Post Covid-19 Workplace Chee Yung Siau

1. Greenberg, Mike. 2011. “Incident Light”. Incidentlight. Com. http://incidentlight.com/ culture&ideas/georgenelson.html.

4. “Gustav Düsing & Max Hacke Reimagine The Studio With Superstructure Concept”. 2015. Designboom | Architecture & Design Magazine. https://www. designboom.com/architecture/ gustav-dusing-max-hackesuperstructure-concept-tubraunschweig-11-27-2015/?fbclid =IwAR3wrwNfnaAqOgl6HfsMve s3AhC5t2Mv0ePCdH1pN6QewO 561lCZtpE

Top Right: House N/A by Sou Fujimoto Middle Right: Pavilion of the Origins by Hung Nguyen Architects

Bottom Right: Superstructure by Gustav Düsing & Max Hacke

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Image: Bates Smart, Digital Drive Docklands

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“Brand new Digital Drive Coworking Space”

The Digital Drive’s introduction The docklands site is a mixed-use environment with a combination of both casual and public coworking space which located close to the waterfront bay. The majority of users in the city are internationalised. Therefore a multi-working mode has more flexibility to meet different user’s needs and expectations. This site is aimed to have hospitality influence such as cafe facilities for relaxing working and lifestyle. In the establishment of a new site, Space and Co. has decided to occupy one of the entry levels in the Digital Drive development by BatesSmart. This decision has been made to take advantage of visitors’ exposure to a new space, gaining traction to users who will begin to occupy this site. As the site grows and develops into a new epicenter to Melbourne City, we hope that there can be an opportunity, if need be, to grow into further spaces within the BatesSmart Development. This ability to further develop into the building gives Space and Co. the security of investment while retaining the ability to gain exposure through the entry site.

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This site is potentially occupied for 3-5 years, this design prototype could be fully used as a cafe or event hub, and coworking space can be moved to the second floor and continue as event purpose. It is targeting a new community that live around Dockland, users aged between 18 - 49 years old, mostly university students or workers who lived in the city looking for a convenient lifestyle. Casual coworking space is the concept mode or working on this site, which focuses more on hospitality style. Aimed to run for 3-5 years with long hours of operation. Its located in the CBD and lacks of natural atmosphere. With the opportunities to have exterior space, it can be designed into an outdoor working space able to bring inside out. Image: 3D view of outdoor office

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Loading Dock Cafe Bar

Design Statement The center of the site was first thought to create a catchy working environment for people to approach from different directions of the entrance. Users in the city are commonly solo performers. Therefore the stairs sitting stage are conceptually designed as a platform to attract various fields of profession, assembling them into a welcoming committee.

Lift Lobby

Outdoor Office Pond Lounge

Path

Walkway Outdoor Meeting Area

Left: Space adjecency and relationship diagram Right: Existing Site Plan Existing Site

Not to scale

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The Post Covid-19 Workplace Chee Yung Siau The multi-function stage is designed for individuals sitting for multiple users, having their own space, and having it easy to interact with people around despite them having all spaced out for social distancing. It could be used as a conference or various kinds of events, either casual or formal use.

Meeting Room

The first design of middle stage from a rectangular space, however i found out design in a triangle shape which able to split into two if smaller space is required for the event, there will be a presentation screen available on the opposite side of the cafe, which is attached to the cubicle meeting area. Any space around the stage can be casually used as another meeting area.

Image: Conceptual diagram of the new multi function space

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X Cafe Bar

Pantry

The boundaries between inside and outside are blurred. I’ve not just brought outside in which is the natural elements such as plants to infuse some biophilic design. Still, also I have brought inside out which is the working environment into an outdoor space. Traditional office concepts are too dull and unmotivated, so the working and meeting area with the outdoor pond side will develop a different atmosphere to reverse the old working style. A harmonious relationship is established between humans, nature, and space.

Stair Seating

Standing Area

Stage

Pond

Outdoor Office

The Post Covid-19 Workplace Chee Yung Siau

Storage

Stair Seating

Entrance

Meeting Area

A harmonious relationship is established between human, nature and space.

Entrance

Walkway

Outdoor Meeting Area

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Not to scale

X’ Top Image: Program activities diagram

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Section X-X’ Not to Sclae

Section Y-Y’ Not to Sclae

Top & Bottom: Section Drawings

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Section Elevation Visualisation

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Top & Bottom: Section Elevation Visualisation

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Cafe Bar

Multi Function Area

Outdoor Pantry

Outdoor Meeting Booth

Pond Outdoor Working Area

Axonometric View 126

Image: Axinometric View

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Reflection This project has allowed me to design something I’ve never done before. Creating a multi-working mode with outdoor spaces for a multi-culture user was very challenging yet interesting. Different users always have different demands based on their own needs, especially in this multi-culture city with international users will be a significant challenge. This high ceiling layout has a huge advantage of getting natural light, I have learned to retain the strength of the site and emphasize its benefit. Creating a multi-function stage in the middle area with leveling will allow users to look at the outside world with different angles and emotions. Having the idea of social distancing, yet they deliver a relaxing environment for users to interact with each other. Water features on the side inspired me to create a comfortable work style, which could be the hospitality style of coworking space. To match the city work life, creating a few outdoor meeting spaces will be ideal with some casual booth along with the water feature. Design isn’t just limited to interior and exterior. It could be a design of merging two kinds of the environment into one. Bring inside out or outside in could be the future working style where people are craving for. I have learned to use the surrounding element to direct myself into a design idea, having a greater foundation, and using the advantage of the site for further development. 128

Top: 3D view of Multi Function Area (Stair Seating-working space/ Meeting Space/Event Space) Bottom: 3D view of Outdoor Meeting Space

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Eastland Shopping Mall

Image: Eastland Shopping Mall, Ringwood

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“Brand new Individual Meeting Space” Site’s introduction The Eastland site is located opposite the Realm Library and Bizhub coworking space, which is very competitive for any business model. Large meeting area and quiet environment are provided in that area. Therefore this working space will aim for individual users or a small group target for the meeting area or virtual conference room. In an established neighbourhood with a large family and homeowner demographic, a brief escape can be highly appealing to Space and Co. members in this area. A resource such as a coworking site where the user can find a location to do some private work and take meetings and phone calls without distraction. The Eastland site offers users the ability to come to a place that can attend to their needs and is closely related to resources such as grocery stores and food outlets that enable the users to undertake errands after completing their work in short hours. Image: 3d view of new Eastland Shopping Mall coworking space

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This charming establishment of multitasking is why Space and Co. have chosen to implement a short-term design strategy roughly 1-2 years within this site. The relationship between tasks and the company’s ability to become a helpful resource in the lifestyles of its users, gaining customer awareness and knowledge to attain further members as the possibility of normality returns. There are few competitors in that surrounding area, which is the Library, a free access environment, and Bizzhub. This coworking space is offering a reasonable rate for both daily and monthly passes. Large meeting areas were provided in the Eastland shopping mall. Therefore, we are aiming for different target customers to compete with these competitors. Small meeting space which able to occupy 2-3 persons and video conferencing room for individual or two persons used. Hourly membership is available for quick use, and its open till late night, suitable for neighbourhood who does not have full facilities at home for formal purposes. Shopping experiences are available within a working day, more relaxable, and more flexible.

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This idea of vertical social distancing potentially increases the usable space by building split level mezzanine platforms for users. Due to the limited and narrow space, leveling will be a suitable approach to maximize the space used and occupy more people than a single level. Jungle gym and scaffolding components will be used to create multi-level spaces. It could be a single room or a collection of rooms described as ‘a unity of separation and coherence’. They are both removable and flexible to be removed or restructured based on business or user’s needs.

3000mm Standing Meeting

Social Area

Multi Function Area

Working Area

Reception

Entrance Individual Conference/ meeting room

It will be designed into two levels for different purposes. The lower ground floor will be designed into the “grab and go” concept, individually designed workspace allowing users who need to get jobs done instantly and leave conveniently. The upper floor’s arrangement will be developed with different leveling for privacy working and meeting purposes, usually aimed for small-group users who might spend a duration of time. Space leveling is aimed at reducing the interaction between users, retaining their privacy and less interruption from others. Besides, a transparent material such as glass with the holographic film will be used to create visual but create a physical barrier between users for minimizing body contact.

The Post Covid-19 Workplace Chee Yung Siau

Design Statement

Standing Meeting Working Area Social Area

Meeting Room

Multi Function Area Standing Meeting

Standing Working

Outdoor Gathering Area

Outdoor Meeting Booth

Meeting Room

Top: Conceptual diagram of Eastland site Bottom: Program activities diagram

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Outdoor AreaI

ndoor Area

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X Meeting Area

Bathroom

Working Area

Outdoor Meeting Area Outdoor Meeting Area

Standing Meeting Area Outdoor Gathering Area

Meeting Room

Walkway Meeting Area

Outdoor Meeting Area

Community Area

Meeting Room Outdoor Gathering Area

Outdoor Meeting Area Standing Working Area

Meeting Room

Working Area Meeting Area

Outdoor Meeting Area

Social Area Reception

Y’ X’

Walkway

Docklands Furniture First Floor Plan 136

Scale 1:125

Docklands Furniture Mezzanine Floor Plan Scale 1:125

Standing meetings are another key point of well using the space by reducing the overall meter demand. High tables and high chairs allow users to change their posture and experience a different working atmosphere. Low table and sofa chairs will be located in different spots, allowing users to plan themselves comfortably or change working places.

The Post Covid-19 Workplace Chee Yung Siau

Individual video conferencing space aims for those users who seek to have private areas for the formal purpose out of their home environment, which often have kids interruption or informal atmosphere for a proper video conferencing. Besides that, outdoor booths are available for meeting or gathering purposes as well. Besides, this environment is complemented with plants that suffuse with natural and iridescent light, which physically demonstrate how architecture stimulates anthropological interactions and dynamic with its environment. 137

Meeting Room

Toilet

Staircase

Standing Meeting

Meeting Room

Social Area

Meeting Room

Reception

Walkway

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Meeting Room

Section X-X’ Not to Sclae

Social Area

WalkwayS

Section Y-Y’

Not to Sclae

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Working Area

tanding Working Area

Standing Meeting

Social Area

Standing Meeting

Standing Meeting Area

Working Area

Toilet

Top & Bottom: Section Drawings

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Facade

Not to Sclae

Sectional Elevation

Not to Sclae

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Top & Bottom: Facade Drawings and Sectional Elevation

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Meeting Area

Working Area

Toilet Meeting Area

Standing Meeting Area

Social Area Outdoor Meeting and Gathering Booth

Reception

Standing Working Area

Axonometric View

Multi Function Area

Image: Axonometric View

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Reflection This project gave me a challenging period of designing the site into a competitive location to survive in that environment. With all the competitors alongside, I would need to create an identical situation which able to attract a particular user based on their needs. I’ve used level for the first time in designing, and I found this exciting and creative. This creates a different visual experience and working atmosphere for new users. In this hard reality, eye-catchy objects will be ideal for design to attract more new users. Retaining traditional style is helpful, yet infusing new elements into the design will create new life and innovation. This design will be ideal to occupy more users, especially in this narrow space, yet having their privacy. Well used space isnt a requirement for the design but a great consideration for business needs. Maximizing the input of people and providing a well-facilitated workspace for the neighbourhood’s users. This is an excellent example for my future reference while designing something similar again.

Top: 3D view of First floor meeting area Bottom: 3D view of Multi Function Area (Stair Seating Social Area/Meeting Space/Event Space)

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Sydney Road, Coburg

Photo Credit:

Image: Sdyney Road, Coburg

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“Brand new Coburg Community Hub” Site’s introduction Coburg is an uncrowded dwelling area which lacks interest along Sydney Road compared with any other surrounding area, and there is no coworking space available. The idea of the Coburg site is transformed to a mixed cultural community involved to attract more potential customers for long term purposes, and bring in new elements into this environment to create an opportunity for the local users. I am structuring a new design concept to broaden the client market, retaining the users to work in Coburg, which is more significant than heading to CBD. Sydney Road offers a new investment opportunity for Space and Co. to expand its business model into one that adapts to the concerns of Social Distance coworking. Sydney Road is the perfect opportunity for Space and Co. to begin to explore possible avenues of the suburban office style.

The Sydney Road site is the ideal for Space and Co. to structure a new design investigation while looking into developing a broader client market, reaching out to families and young professionals that no longer desire to go into the CBD. The forever expanding Coburg landscape is the perfect location to investigate new coworking concepts and how coworking can respond to a COVID-19 sensitive design. This site aimed for 5- 10 years to fit local committee needs with the regular hourly operation, mostly targetting young workforce which aged between 20 and 40 years old. This site provides both formal style for suburban office style and casual style for local committee use. It is to establish a ‘town center’ within the Coburg community and kickstart the development of spaces and tenants in the surrounding commercial sites. Develop a mix of cultural community atmosphere to attract more return customers.

Top: 3D view of Event Space

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Meeting Room Group Working Space

Seating Area

Entrance

Design Statement

Group Working Space Internal Garden

Event Stage/ Meeting Room

Internal Garden

Individual Working Space

Individual Working Space Seating Area

Path

Meeting Room

Community + Meeting Space

A half committee hub at the front space with a series of activities and meeting areas provided, allowing more opportunities for interaction and improving the social atmosphere for the local committee. The program at the front designed into the meeting and seating areas to fit neighbourhood needs. Furthermore, the back area will be retained as the old school style - the suburban office style with privacy and group working space.

Image: Conceptual diagram of Coburg site

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Multi cubicles will be created to create a cluster style of walking in this space. The unifying structure which holistically connects the cubicles creating a series of internal gardens and alleyways. This may encourage a positive relationship between its inhabitants and establish a communal and neighborly atmosphere. The alleyway created a physical barrier between cubicles to reduce unnecessary body contact between users in this space.

Entrance

Path

Community + Meeting Space

Image: Program activities diagram

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Reception

Meeting Area

Office Area Office Area

Multi-Function Area

Office Pod

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Standing Meeting Area

Y’ Office Area Seating Area Social Area

Standing Meeting Area

Seating Area

Toilet

Meeting Area

Storage

Pantry

219 Sdyney Road, Coburg Furniture Floor Plan Not to scale

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Internal Garden

Social Area

Internal Garden

Event Space

Internal Garden

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Reception

Working Area

Section X-X’ Not to Sclae

Working Area

Social Area

Internal Garden

Event Space

Internal Garden

Social Area

Reception

Section Y-Y’ Not to Sclae

Top & Bottom: Section Drawings

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Social Area

Meeting Area

Pantry

Toilet

Reception

Meeting Area

Multi Function Area Meeting Area

Working Area

Axonometric View Image: Axonometric View

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Reflection This project allows me to understand the site differently, not every newly developed location has to be fully innovated, partly retained old style will be ideal for a certain place to meet the local needs. I have observed and obtained some new understanding of how we design for users. Design is not just a scale to measure our achievement, but to balance our idea input and the user’s or the site’s future development. Business sustainability depends on users and local support. I would love to retain some old suburban office style in other places as not every person used to the latest working style. Understanding the user style and needs are still essential while implementing the design. Coburg is not a place to design for short term pop up to advertise the company’s brand or reputation but to run long term relationships with the local users. Involving some key elements to restructure the site, capable of allowing them to satisfy their needs and complete their days happily.

Top: 3D view of Community Area Bottom: 3D view of Working Space

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For sustainable hygiene standards in these post-COVID-19 coworking spaces, regular disinfection of individual surfaces is advised. However, these subjects the materials to additional wear and tear, so the use of particularly robust surfaces and materials is recommended. Different recommended materials which been selected for the three discussed sites will be available as below: Wood can be considered a good option: a warm natural material, comforting to touch, yet hygienic and easy to clean. Melamine wood materials with a melamine resin surface coating are robust and durable. They come in a variety of colours, are easy to clean and provide a less expensive alternative to wood veneer or solid wood. Self disinfecting materials and surfaces like brass, copper, and other metals, as well as self-cleaning foams, will be employed. Metal surfaces are either powder-coated, chrome-plated, polished, galvanised, or lacquered. A smooth or textured powder-coated finish provides colour and surface protection.

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This is used as the material for these cubicles to create a physical barrier between users for minimizing body contact. With this colour dichroic glass attached, it will improve the visual quality of the environment, create an interesting design atmosphere, and enhance the interaction experience between users at a safe distance. The colour shifts when viewed from different angles using multi-layer optical film technology(Pleochroism). The holographic film allows the human mind to learn and grow in a better atmosphere, which potentially increases human’s productivity and work efficiency. The film can be printed, bent, cut, and combined with different glass types of interlayer adhesives, especially it’s extremely easy to be cleaned which does not require heavy cleaning often. Materials have to be sustainable and easy to maintain during design consideration, maximize the benefits of having the user experience safely, and remove unnecessary maintenance in the future. Therefore it will be placed across the space-wide to reflect natural sunlight to imbue the internal environment.

The Post Covid-19 Workplace Chee Yung Siau

Material selections

Acoustic curtains are extremely lightweight and beneficial for creating partitioned off spaces with good acoustics for work focus, creating the flexibility between users and being comfortable with. Besides, it adequately reflects and absorbs sound energy to reduce noise pollution, which can improve the acoustics of the space.

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Coworking space is a working environment that encourages flexibility and embraces remote work options, filling a unique void with minimum investment, especially for entrepreneurs or newly started small companies. Tobacco dock was a great example of adaptive reuse of historical buildings, implementing a new system program, and sustaining a Grade 1 listed building in London. From a world-leading brand on innovative and industry-leading events, it slowly involves coworking space for the local users based on their needs. A prefabricated system with standardized elements represents the design of Tobacco Dock’s internal structure. Slack’s pop up retail store was strategically planned to be held in Tobacco Dock due to its large layout. The existence of the building’s columns has inspired it to be developed into a maze’s form floor plan, creating different pathways to improve the virtual’s perspective, using different loose furnitures to make the working environment more spacious and flexible. It is using holographic transparent sheets to create a glass surface as a partition, allowing a particular visual interaction between users and experiencing this relationship differently. 164

We moved towards a more significant project scale from a Tobacco Dock’s coworking space large scale site to design three different sites. Coburg, Eastland, and Docklands were three appointed locations for further development. Due to the alarming rate of current pandemic, new strategies and office’s interior are essential to be implemented for the user’s safety, social distancing and increase the awareness of the COVID-19. Leveling and materials have played an enormous part in improving the sites, considering the privacy and business needs during the decision process to maximize the occupants on site. Using more natural elements to increase sustainability and improve the overall coworking experience. These key ideas aren’t just to enhance the designs yet concerning the conveniences of any workers during this pandemic, having more facilities provided and convenient for them to access in walking distance.

Coworking Chee Yung Siau

Conclusion

This project has allowed me to improve my analysis ability regarding cultural, ethical, and economic issues and develop a better understanding of the foundation of my projects before proceeding with my plans. Despite the fact that this COVID-19 has restricted our freedom of working in a team physically, having discussions and solving problems instantly with the assistance from teammates side by side, I’ve learned to communicate effectively and get ourselves organized well for a better working process. I have also explored the methods of fostering a critical and strategic approach professionally, which led my final projects to a greater quality product. 165

A new proposal of lighting design layout for workplaces

Gomes, Cristina Caramelo C., and Sandra Preto. “A New Proposal of Lighting Design Layout for Workplaces.” Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing 491 (2016): 115-27.

The article explored how interior environments are supported by natural and artificial light. The article explained that natural light has a significant impact in individual sense of comfort and well being, artificial light does not present the same positive impact in individuals. The researcher aims to create ambience through spatial identity or just to provide a visual performance to the user that interacts with the space. The article provides scientific research to show the importance and the impact on the human visual and nonvisual system. Furthermore, parameters of artificial light such as intensity and colour temperature should change along the day alike natural light. The finding that sustainable solutions do not concern exclusively to an effective saving of energy, but to responsive environments that contribute to human sense of comfort and well-being. The article is useful to my research topic as the coworking space is a huge wide space which is short of natural light.

Biophilic design in heritage indoor coworking space

Hui, DeJosephine Ong Ming, and Azizi Bahauddin. “BIOPHILIC DESIGN IN HERITAGE INDOOR CO-WORKING SPACE IN GEORGE TOWN, PENANG, MALAYSIA.”

The article shows that nature is able to enhance human well-being by reconnecting humans with natural elements in a built environment, which is known as biophilic design. The article aims to create a biophilic design guideline to enhance occupants’ well-being in heritage adaptive reuse indoor co-working space. The researcher also explores the aspect of human productivity and supports recovery from mental fatigue.(Bringslimark et al., 2007; Larsen, Adams, Deal, Kweon, & Tyler, 1998; Lohr et al., 1996; Shibata & Suzuki, 2001, 5 Biophilic Design in Heritage Indoor Co-Working Space 2002, 2004)

Coworking Chee Yung Siau

Annotated Bibliography

The article proved that nature is able to reduce stress and discomfort symptoms and improve human mood and emotions. (Bringslimark et al., 2007; Lohr et al., 1996; Adachi et al., 2000; Chang & Chen, 2005). The results are supported statistically by showing the existing biophilic design patterns do enhance co-workers’ emotional well-being significantly and it can be used as a design guideline. The finding that investigated different ways of biophilic design patterns application which can affect the quality of biophilic experiences. The article is useful to my research topic as I understand how the surrounding area and design pattern affect a person’s emotion and potential pressure.

Effect of Co-working Space Designs to Business Development and Increasing User Interest

Soegoto, E. S., and E. I. Hafandi. “Effect of Co-working Space Designs to Business Development and Increasing User Interest.” In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, vol. 407, no. 1, p. 012024. IOP Publishing, 2018.

The article explained how the ambience of the workspace will affect a person in doing his work in order to create a flexible workspace yet still producing a high level of productivity for users. The researcher used a literature study approach method to analyze how and what criteria of positive coworking space design to improve user appeal and develop business from the financial side. The article claimed that lighting and noise levels of the room will interfere with their concentration and have a huge impact on the productivity of the user. The results are supported statistically by the lighting system which directs directly to objects that need to be illuminated.

LABS – 90 High Holborn, London

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The finding that the design of good coworking space will increase the attractiveness of the user so it has the potential to be used as a business space that can be used as a rental office for its users. The article is useful to my research topic as I could understand how design space will improve the environment quality and impact the user’s productivity.

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Neither office nor home: coworking as an emerging workplace choice

The article explores the relationship between spatial design and user’s behaviors in coworking space by using an environment behavior approach with ethnographic research techniques. The article has proved and demonstrated that spatial design has significantly affected user’s behaviors in coworking spaces. The researcher used ethnographic qualitative research strategy as the general method of inquiry.

The article examines a rapidly emerging workplace phenomenon characterised by open space work environments that line between working from home and working in a traditional office environment. The article analysed the factors that are driving the increasing use of coworking centres and seeks to better classify the often eclectic range of organisations that presently operate under the coworking moniker. The researcher also explores the aspect how public and private sector organisations are using the services of coworking centres as an alternative to home-based telework.

Ondia, Eric Prince, Sirimas Hengrasmee, and Sant Chansomsak. “Spatial Configuration and Users’ Behavior in Co-Working Spaces.” YBL Journal of Built Environment 6, no. 1 (2018): 20-36.

The article provides few analysis and comparison to find out if the features in certain spaces do impact the user’s behavior. Furthermore, the findings in this study show that due to the open plan layout of two research sites, fields such as size and orientation seemed to be critical for the users while carrying out their work. The article found that design elements seemed to be effective for focused work also appeared to be effective for collaboration, socialization, and learning. The article is useful to my research topic as it emphasizes my belief that interior design’s elements have a certain impact on working performance or learning result.

Analysing user preferences for co-working space characteristics

Ross, Peter, and Susan Ressia. “Neither Office nor Home: Coworking as an Emerging Workplace Choice.” Employment Relations Record 15, no. 1 (2015): 42-57.

The article suggested that coworking centres are occupying an increasingly important niche area as an alternative workplace of choice for an emerging new cohort of workers. The results showed a highly relevant area of research in relation to the future of work in an era of deregulated labour markets, telework and rapid technological change. Furthermore, regional governments may further exploit these micro- clusters and bolster local economic development. The finding that coworking centres may provide viable longterm alternatives to either working from home or head office, resulting in cities that are punctuated by a series of places to work.

Weijs-Perrée, Minou, Jasper Van De Koevering, Rianne Appel-Meulenbroek, and Theo Arentze. “Analysing User Preferences for Co-working Space Characteristics.” Building Research & Information: Editor-in-Chief: Richard Lorch 47, no. 5 (2019): 534-48.

Importance of Biophilic Attributes in European Coworking Spaces

The article explored that main motivations for co-workers to work in a co-working space were that they were looking for a workplace outside their home that allows them to work in an inspiring work environment where the accommodation is affordable. The article suggests that accessibility and atmosphere/interior are the most important characteristics when choosing a specific co-working space. The researcher used the stated-choice method, it was possible to discover preferences for all forms of co-working spaces.

The article identified whether European coworkers acknowledge the need for biophilic attributes in their workspace or whether they identify biophilia as a positive trait when it is included in the interior ambient. The article evaluated the present-day development of coworking spaces from multiple perspectives, but did not take into account clients` reactions towards spatial comfort relative to the presence or absence of natural features.

The article explained that it is important to offer affordable office space with a short-term or no lease contract because this is one of the main motivations for co-workers to choose to work at a coworking space. The results provide owners or managers of co-working spaces with clear insights about how to cope with co-worker preferences by offering coworking spaces with good accessibility by car and public transport, a semi-open layout and a homelike interior. Furthermore, future research also needs to analyse differences with regard to user preferences between different types of multi-tenant offices in more detail. The article also claimed to adapt to the needs and activities of the increasingly diverse group of tenants they are attracting, monitor frequently the needs and preferences of tenants of a specific co-working space and be able to adapt it to these preferences through flexible workspaces and adaptable furniture. The article is useful to my research topic as we have a diverse group of clients, it’s complicated for us to understand the needs and how do we satisfy them overall.

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Spatial Configuration and Users’ Behavior in Co-Working Spaces

Mohora, Irina. “Importance of Biophilic Attributes in European Coworking Spaces.” Proceedings of INTCESS (2019): 979-988.

The researcher also explores the aspect holistic sensory experience, implying all five levels of spatial experimentation and their direct or indirect effect on occupant wellbeing and productivity. The article also claimed that albeit an ascending design trend and lifestyle revolving around sustainability and greenery, indoor greenery is found among the least important comfort traits of coworking spaces. Furthermore, comfort is an often-expressed statement regarding the overall condition of the workplace, referring to physical, functional and psychological contentment. The article is useful to my research topic as I’m seeking for the idea of sustainability, user’s comfort and greenery which potentially affect the business growth and user experience.

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What is Coworking? A Theoretical Study on the Concept of Coworking

The article claimed that coworking spaces have emerged in the context of creative and knowledge economies. The article provides an analytical framework for the spatial perspectives on coworking spaces according to the core driving forces at both the urban and architectural levels, followed by empirical studies on practices related to coworking space in Beijing.

The article explained the concept of coworking on the basis of reviewing discussions relevant to this concept and to examine the issues for theoretical development. The article suggests coworking can be more specifically and systematically grasped based on the two concepts of coworker.

Liu, Yangfanqi, Yuebing Liang, David Vargas, Lu Zhang, and He Huang. “Spatial Perspectives on Coworking : Spaces and Related Practices in Beijing.” Built Environment 46, no. 1 (2020): 40.

The results showed that at the city scale, coworking spaces tend to aggregate in clusters of large scale creative and knowledge enterprise in mixed use and high density areas, and underutilized spaces become key pillars. Furthermore, the unstable lease market of small scale businesses, as well as marginal financial models, which profit from rental differences, challenge the survival of coworking space. The finding that coworking spaces tend to coexist with conventional office spaces or coliving apartments. The article is useful to my research topic as it proved coworking spaces have created a sustainable development of the city by renewing existing low profit urban spaces and utilizing architectural spaces more efficiently.

Libraries as coworking spaces: Understanding user motivations and perceived barriers to social learning

Bilandzic, Mark, and Marcus Foth. “Libraries as coworking spaces: Understanding user motivations and perceived barriers to social learning.” Library Hi Tech 31, no. 2 (2013): 254-273.

The article explores the design strategies for smart space technology to improve libraries into an environment for coworking and informal social learning. The article focused on getting a deeper understanding of user motivations, behavior and activities in the library when there is no programmed agenda. The researcher also explores the aspect of collaboration, sharing and social learning in mind which is built in public library space. The article provides five personas that encapsulate core user motivations, attitudes and challenges for social learning. The results explained that limitations exist due to the population and potential socio-cultural idiosyncrasies of the case study. Furthermore, further user research in libraries and specific social learning environments is required to extend the presented persona framework. The article found that libraries provide an opportunity for smart space technologies and suggest four strategic design dimensions that facilitate library users to get more out of simply working ‘next to each other’, gaining inspiration and a learning experience as a result of coworking and socialising in the library.

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Spatial perspectives on coworking : spaces and related practices in Beijing

Uda, Tadashi. “What Is Coworking? : A Theoretical Study on the Concept of Coworking.” IDEAS Working Paper Series from RePEc, 2013, IDEAS Working Paper Series from RePEc, 2013.

The researcher also explores the theoretical status of coworker and coworking space which possess a certain degree of theoretical and practical implications. The article claimed that it is necessary to closely review and construct an elaborate theoretical framework for the fields that relate to the concepts of working individuals and workplaces discussed in this paper. The finding of this article shows the importance of investigating and preferentially approach actors that are striving to redefine and rearrange ways of working. The article is useful to my research topic as a guidance of how to provide me a greater picture and better understanding the concept of coworking space before doing this field of research.

Exploring the everyday life of entrepreneurs in a coworking space

Fabbri, Julie, and Florence Charue- Duboc. 2014. Exploring The Everyday Life Of Entrepreneurs In A Coworking Space. Ebook. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/fb7a/466fbe26c8f4fad7a29efc8c36b2369ba185.pdf.

The article explored the perspective of entrepreneurs who located their business in a collective workspace with that of the designers of the space. The researchers have conducted qualitative and inductive case analysis of coworking space for social entrepreneurs in Paris. The article proposed a model differentiating three components and proved how these components jointly contribute to the development of collaborative relations and facilitate access to external resources for the companies located in this type of workspace. The importance of how the coworking space is operated and the proclaimed specialisation of a space were highlighted in this article. The limitation of this article is based on the study of one case and further study should be considered to generalize other contexts. The article is useful to my research topic as I have better understanding how a coworking space impacts the others and how users evaluate the connection and advantage of this space.

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“Coworking Is About Community”: But What Is “Community” in Coworking?

A new proposal of lighting design layout for workplaces

Coworking spaces: a new way of achieving productivity

Analysing user preferences for co-working space characteristics

Curating the “Third Place”? Coworking and the mediation of creativity

Gomes, Cristina Caramelo C., and Sandra Preto. “A New Proposal of Lighting Design Layout for Workplaces.” Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing 491 (2016): 115-27.

Weijs-Perrée, Minou, Jasper Van De Koevering, Rianne Appel-Meulenbroek, and Theo

Arentze. “Analysing User Preferences for Co-working Space Characteristics.” Building Research & Information: Editor-in-Chief: Richard Lorch 47, no. 5 (2019): 534-48.

Biophilic design in heritage indoor coworking space

Hui, DeJosephine Ong Ming, and Azizi Bahauddin. “BIOPHILIC DESIGN IN HERITAGE INDOOR CO-WORKING SPACE IN GEORGE TOWN, PENANG, MALAYSIA.”

Building new places of the creative economy. The rise of coworking spaces Moriset, Bruno. Building New Places of the Creative Economy. The Rise of Coworking Spaces.

Co-constructing a Sense of Community at Work: The Emergence of Community in Coworking Spaces

Garrett, Lyndon E, Gretchen M Spreitzer, Peter A Bacevice, John Weeks, Galit Ailon, and Mary Yoko Brannen. “Co-constructing a Sense of Community at Work: The Emergence of Community in Coworking Spaces.” Organization Studies 38, no. 6 (2017): 821-42.

Collaborative Capability in Coworking Spaces: Convenience Sharing or Community Building?

Castilho, Marcelo, and Carlos Quandt. “Collaborative Capability in Coworking Spaces: Convenience Sharing or Community Building?” Technology Innovation Management Review 7, no. 12 (2017): 32-42.

Coworking: an analysis of coworking strategies for interaction and innovation

Cabral, Victor, and Willem Van Winden. “Coworking: An Analysis of Coworking Strategies for Interaction and Innovation.” International Journal of Knowledge-Based Development 7, no. 4 (2016): 357-77.

Coworking, shared workplaces, and the future of work

Coworking Chee Yung Siau

Bibliography

Spinuzzi, Clay, Zlatko Bodrožić, Giuseppe Scaratti, and Silvia Ivaldi. ““Coworking Is About Community”: But What Is “Community” in Coworking?” Journal of Business and Technical Communication 33, no. 2 (2019): 112-40.

Bueno, Salvador, Gonzalo Rodríguez-Baltanás, and M. Dolores Gallego. “Coworking Spaces: A New Way of Achieving Productivity.” Journal of Facilities Management 16, no. 4 (2018): 452-66.

Brown, Julie. “Curating the “Third Place”? Coworking and the Mediation of Creativity.” Geoforum 82 (2017): 112-26.

Effect of Co-working Space Designs to Business Development and Increasing User Interest

Importance of Biophilic Attributes in European Coworking Spaces

Mohora, Irina. “Importance of Biophilic Attributes in European Coworking Spaces.” Proceedings of INTCESS (2019): 979-988.

Libraries as coworking spaces: Understanding user motivations and perceived barriers to social learning

Bilandzic, Mark, and Marcus Foth. “Libraries as coworking spaces: Understanding user motivations and perceived barriers to social learning.” Library Hi Tech 31, no. 2 (2013): 254-273.

Neither office nor home: coworking as an emerging workplace choice

Ross, Peter, and Susan Ressia. “Neither Office nor Home: Coworking as an Emerging Workplace Choice.” Employment Relations Record 15, no. 1 (2015): 42-57.

Portraits of work: mapping emerging coworking dynamics Iulia Constantinescu, Teodora, and Oswald Devisch. “Portraits of Work:

Mapping Emerging Coworking Dynamics.” Information, Communication & Society: Work and Play 21, no. 9 (2018): 1263-278.

Spatial Configuration and Users’ Behavior in Co-Working Spaces

Ondia, Eric Prince, Sirimas Hengrasmee, and Sant Chansomsak. “Spatial Configuration and Users’ Behavior in Co-Working Spaces.” YBL Journal of Built Environment 6, no. 1 (2018): 20-36.

“COWORKING, SHARED WORKPLACES, AND THE FUTURE OF WORK.” Leader to Leader 2017, no. 83 (2017): 60-62.

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Liu, Yangfanqi, Yuebing Liang, David Vargas, Lu Zhang, and He Huang. “Spatial Perspectives on Coworking : Spaces and Related Practices in Beijing.” Built Environment 46, no. 1 (2020): 40.

The effectiveness of an enriched servicescape framework on value-in-use and behavioural responses: the coworking space context Balakrishnan, B. The Effectiveness of an Enriched Servicescape Framework on Value-in-use and Behavioural Responses: The Coworking Space Context, 2017.

The implementation of biophilic design in co-working space design as a concept of healthy sustainable architecture

Coworking Chee Yung Siau

Spatial perspectives on coworking : spaces and related practices in Beijing

Suharjanto, G., C. Taufik, Y. Mariana, and B. A. Suryawinata. “The implementation of biophilic design in co-working space design as a concept of healthy sustainable architecture.”https://www. archdaily.com/928819/second-home-hollywood-office-selgascano

The new office: how coworking changes the work concept Leclercq-Vandelannoitte, Aurelie, and Henri Isaac. “The New Office: How Coworking Changes the Work Concept.” Journal of Business Strategy 37, no. 6 (2016): 3-9.

The opportunity to convert the industrial heritage in the city into co-working spaces

Săndescu, Carmen Elena. “The opportunity to convert the industrial heritage in the city into coworking spaces.” Journal of Architecture, Urbanism and Heritage 2, no. 2 (2019).

What is Coworking? A Theoretical Study on the Concept of Coworking

Uda, Tadashi. “What Is Coworking? : A Theoretical Study on the Concept of Coworking.” IDEAS Working Paper Series from RePEc, 2013, IDEAS Working Paper Series from RePEc, 2013.

Working Alone Together: Coworking as Emergent Collaborative Activity

Spinuzzi, Clay. “Working Alone Together: Coworking as Emergent Collaborative Activity.” Journal of Business and Technical Communication 26, no. 4 (2012): 399-441.

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Where people work

Coworking Space