Paving the way for Southbank Promenade Change

ju l ’ 20 1 9

St ud io

safe city smart city

Paving the way for Southbank Promenade change Design folio

by

Chee yung siau s3643460

Master of Design Innovation and Technology

St ud io

safe city smart city

CHEE yung siau / E-mail : yung092.bao@gmail.com / Current Address : 1209/639 Lonsdale Street, Melbourne VIC, 3000 / Phone Number : 0484247363 / Nationality : Malaysian / Race : Chinese / Languagexs : English - Intermediate Mandarin - Native /SKILLS Autodesk AutoCAD Autodesk 3DS Max Adobe Photoshop Adobe Illustrator Adobe Indesign Sketchup Model Making Rhino Grasshopper Master of Design Innovation and Technology

ju l ’ 20 1 9

// I’m a joyful person with positive drive. I was borned and raised in Malaysia, yet having close friends from multiple countries which allows me to become open-minded and outgoing person.

I’m passion in creation and innovation, crafting something unpredictable is always my motivation of developing my design journey.I loves to explore around to discover different ideas and culturals, collecting images of the world and create a melting pot of art within myself. //

St ud io

safe city smart city

Content 03 - 04 /

Introduction

05 - 14 /

Exploration

Site Introduction & History Demographic & Physical Activities Ethnography & Observation Cyclists and Pedestrians Pattern Analysis Site issues & User’s misbehaviour 16 - 30 /

Design Proposals

31 - 44 /

Previous Work Literature review Photo essay Research

What is mixed-use space?

The Rationale or mixed-use space The benefits of mixed-use space The Issues of mixed-use space

Photo Process 45 - 46 /

Appendix

Issued & Interview 46 - 47 /

Master of Design Innovation and Technology

Reference

ju l ’ 20 1 9

Mixed Use Space // Shared Zone // Southbank Promenade // Safe City Smart City // Jul’ 2019

02

St ud io

safe city smart city / Introduction

// People’s lifestyle has been improving along with the development and creation human’s future vision. With the growth of technology and entertainment which people b Human’s awareness needs to be raised especially in crowded area which people poten own social time around this area, we should reconsider if it has to be remained as Share

The Shared Zone concept will determine the outcome of interaction between ped potential conflict and improve the overall experience along Southbank Promenade. // Master of Design Innovation and Technology

ju l ’ 20 1 9

n in our surrounding area. Conveniences and less troubles were being looking forward in been after have led them to unwanted consequences such as accidents, conflict or others. ntially occurring body collision. With the increase of pedestrians and cyclists are having their ed Zone.

destrians and cyclists. With the different approaches which given above will reduce the 04

St ud io

safe city smart city / Site / History

Early wharves, building trades and a few noxious industries were displaced by manufacturers and warehouses. The wharves fell into disuse as port facilities were moved downstream.

It was first defined as an area for redevelopment by the State Government.

The casino complex was opened.

1929

1984

1997

1980s

1992

The completion of the Arts Centre complex at the north-east corner of Southbank.

Southgate ‘Arts and Leisure Precinct’ was opened

Master of Design Innovation and Technology

ju l ’ 20 1 9

// Southbank Promenade is a mixed use development space that offers a diverse range of office, residential and dining experience. A spectacular backdrop of Melbourne city’s skyline, highly occupied with tourist, family, and friends especially on weekends.

Location: Southbank, City of Melbourne Length: 1150m(Melbourne ) Context: Mixed-Use (Office/Commercial/ Residential) One of the Main Street of the city.

Method of travel: Bicycle and Walking Max. Speed: 10 km/h //

06

St ud io

safe city smart city / Demographic / Physical Activities Southbanbk The small area of Southbank includes the combined suburbs of Southbank and South Wharf.

MELBOURNE cbd 3000

EAST MELBOURNE 3002

multiculturalism

54%

Population 2041

DOCKLANDS 3008

sOUTHWHARF 3006

Born overseas

SOUTHBANK 3006

mELBOURNE 3004

53288

Predicted Population

7%

8%

Malaysia

China

40% 2019

Current Population

24801

5% Indonesia

speak a language at home other than english

114.86%

Increase in population

10%

6%

Cantonese bahasa

Mandarin

6%

// Southbank is a small area which includes the combined suburbs of Southbank and South Wharf.

Melbourne’s population keep increasing these years and the population is predicted to increase 114.86%, by 2041 will reach 53,288. The population is multiculturalism which has 54% born overseas, China has 8% the highest population among all the countries, followed by Malaysia and Indonesia. 40% of the population speak a language at home other than english, Mandarin play the biggest language among all which is 10%. According to Draft Transport Strategy 2030, overcrowded footpaths are the top 3 unprompted experiences which is up to 54%. This shows the most spaces are high crowd density due to the population growth, estimated to reach approximately 1.4 million daily population by 2036. //

Master of Design Innovation and Technology

ju l ’ 20 1 9

6am-6pm (d aytime) Driver - Goods deliver y Cyclist - Mostly workers and food delivery Tourist(Family or tour group) - Visiting, Photoshooting Pedestrian - Walking, distraction by phone, walking with pram/trolley Plenty people jogging(residents) Street art performance artis t Homeless

This period is the time where people usually start their day with jogging, or even going to work, as well as completing their shift of the day and heading home with friends.

Within this time frame, we found most cyclists are workers or delivery guy. Usually big groups are tourist groups or families, single pedestrians often distracted by phone or walking along with pram or trolley. We are capable of seeing people from nearby residential area jogging in the early morning. There are some street art performance artists at certain area as well as homeless people. The graph below shows the density of population and noise level at different hours.

Crowded

N

popula tion

6am-10am 10am-2pm

2pm-6p m

Noise level

6am-10am 10am-2pm

2pm-6p m

Source from: Pedestrian counting system from City of Melbourne

6pm-6am (night time) Street art performance Cyclist - Food deliver y Police - Cops on duty Tourist - Visiting, Photoshooting Pedestrian - Walking, distraction by phone, walking with pram/trolley, got drun k Homeless

N

popula tion

Noise level

The biggest difference between both page will be people who usually jogs in the morning hardly out at night, and we have night cops who on duties to ensure everyone under protection. We can see the population density and noise level increased dramatically, especially during dinner hour.

Crowded

6am-10am 10am-2pm

2pm-6p m

6am-10am 10am-2pm

2pm-6p m

Source from: Pedestrian counting system from City of Melbourne

08

St u d io

safe city smart city / Ethnography / Observation

Cycling

Walking

Top 3 experiences (unprompted ):

Top 3 experiences (unprompted):

39%

17%

16%

54%

26%

20%

Unsafe and intimidating conditions

Pedestrians and drivers who do not check for cyclists

Car-dooring or threat of car-dooring

Overcrowded footpaths

Poor pedestrian etiquette

Crossing times at intersections too short/infrequent

Source from: Draft Transport Strategy Melbourne 2030

Source from: Draft Transport Strategy Melbourne 2030

//The two main kinds of travel method in southbank promenade are cycling and walking. However there are always some unfortunate experiences in all kinds of activities. Unfortunately, cyclists have been facing a few common negative experiences such as unsafe and intimidating conditions which has the highest percentage 39%. Following by pedestrians and drivers who barely check for the cyclist which cause or creates threat of car-dooring. We have potential number of cyclists who ride to work yet mostly feeling unsafe to use. Protected bicycle lanes are now highlighted to have huge impact on the public transport system and benefit society more broadly. Pedestrians who walks around this area been facing a serious overcrowded situation, this impacted the overall experience and customer satisfaction inadvertently. Poor pedestrians etiquette and crossing time at intersections have been an issue for the surrounding pedestrians too. // // Interview when they are walking or crossing the road.

1. Didn’t pay attention on surrounding because was busy talking with friends.

2. Get distracted by phone.

3. Just follow the flow.

4. Not familiar with this place 5. Homeless was there, just try not to stay too close, feel uncomfortable.

6. Just being too lazy to walk to the other side. //

Master of Design Innovation and Technology

ju l ’ 20 1 9

10

St ud io

safe city smart city / Cyclists and Pedestrians Pattern Analysis Cyclists riding and twisting around.

// Throughout the few weeks of observation in Southbank promenade, there are few kinds of cyclist’s riding pattern in the crowd.

From the first picture we can see cyclist riding and twisting around in the crowd. That’s quite confusing the pedestrian where they have no clue which direction the cyclist going to. It does worried the pedestrians and cause them feeling unsafe often.

The next picture we may know the cyclist rides along the sideway when the crowd mainly focus on the other

Cyclists ride along the sideway.

side.

However, cyclist will also ride in speed when the crowd density is low and theres spaces for them to increase their speed in the following picture.

At last, the pictures showed how the cyclists following each other closely regardless how crowded the area is especially during 5-6:30pm on weekday. //

Cyclists ride in speed when there’s low density of crowd.

Cyclists following each other.

Master of Design Innovation and Technology

ju l ’ 20 1 9

// In this pattern analysis we may see pedestrians usually walk in group when there’s high density population. Pedestrians usually walk along with the crowd without observing around. //

High density population

// From the pattern analysis, it explained pedestrians barely have clear direction where they walking toward to. Pedestrians has no crowd to follow along therefore they will walk when using the phone sometimes. //

Low density population

// Tour groups usually walk without organized as they wanted to take pictures randomly sometimes. Tour guide will lead them the direction to yet when there’s too many people will be hard to control. //

High density population & tour groups

12

St ud io

safe

// The strong mix of walking and cycling activity o Spot”. The unpredictability of walkers or families with ch official crashes to took place over the last 3 years. A fac minor crashes occur, which are less likely to be capture

city smart city / Site issues / User’s misbehaviour //When crossing the road...

/Human Circulation explain the flow

Majority used Majority sometimes used Majority seldom used Majority barely used

Master of Design Innovation and Technology

ju l ’ 20 1 9

on Southbank Promenade elevated the busy corridor to being the most popular “Unsafe hildren creates a stressful riding experience. Despite this heightened sense of stress, ctor in this result could be that bike riders travel at slower speeds and therefore only ed by VicRoads CrashStats. // source from: http://crowdspot.com.au/

Cyclists

Pedestrians

// The user’s misbehavior plays a huge part in affecting the user’s experience in this area. Cyclists often disobey the speed limit especially cyclists. They often ride in speed to make sure they send the food on time.

Speed restrictions is useless without speedometer, cyclist can’t estimate their own cycling speed and that will be quite risky in crowded area. They also barely ring the bell to give pedestrians notice, that will potentially creates some accidents if people aren’t aware of .

Pedestrians has certain responsibilities while walking on their own pathway, yet their barely being mindful and just walk towards the directions they feel convenient with. They turned out to be inattentive with surrounding areas while busy talking with others, they might misheard the bell rang and that will cause themselves into trouble.

Some drunk people who walk might distracted the others or giving trouble to those in that particular area. //

//When walking on Southbank Promenade...

14

St ud io

safe Not desirable to have unlimited forward sight in ashared zone.

Sight barrier created by the sculpture which will ensure a safe movement of pedestrians and cyclists.

city smart city

the removal of the huge object which limiting the space for cyclists and pedestrians.

/ Design Proposal

Relocate and resize a new crossing proposed according to the bicycle path and pedestrian’s walking pattern.

A clear favourable surface proposed for a new bicycle path.

Separate bike path and walkway

Master of Design Innovation and Technology

A tectured rumble strip marks the beginning of the street, so cyclists know to slow down and to allow pedestrians to hear cyclists enter.

Crossing

Shared zone

Propose permeable uneven tactile indicating the cyclists to lower their speed.

ju l ’ 20 1 9

A clear favourable surface proposed for a new bicycle path.

// The Southbank’s population predicted to rise by 114%, the city planned to increase the pedestrian zones due to the increase of pedestrian’s number including the residents and visitors further escalating the issues at the Southbank promenade.

Thus, a new separated bike path would help the cyclists and pedestrians to move safely and efficiently.

To improve the experience for both pedestrians and cyclists, have analyzed a few potential solutions which might affect the result effectively. A clear favourable surface was designed for new bicycle path to allows them not to worry to have much collision with pedestrians.

Relocated and resizeda new crossing(current crossing is 14m, new propose crossing is up to nearly 30m) proposed according to the cyclists and pedestrian’s walking flow(Cyclists are using the Southbank Promenade as a passby street to reach their destination, pedestrians are more likely to enjoy their leisure time around or having their lunch and dinner). Additionally, it was due to the rapid growth of the population as well as the crossing time wasn’t long enough which claimed by plenty of pedestrians. The crossing line has designed parallelly with the exit of the bike path and walk way, to provide a better direction to the public where they should head to.

The biggest change that we applied on this particular area in Queenbridge Square will be the removal of the huge object which limiting the space for cyclists and pedestrians.

The retain of Sculpture in the middle is to avoid an undesirable forward sight in shared zone without any limitation.

This will creates a safe movement for both pedestrians and cyclist along with the new proposed permeable uneven tactile, to indicate cyclists lowering their speed. Besides that, a tectured rumble strip marks the beginning of the street, so cyclists know to slow down and to allow pedestrians to hear cyclists enter.

The surface stones were carefully arranged, changing in tone, module, and finish to hint to people how to arrange themselves.

Separate bike path and walkway

This ideas are not just to make the street more userfriendly for the visually impaired, but to ensure the whole spaces are well used for all different kind of users and pusposes. //

16

St ud io

safe city smart city

//How will it change the cyclists flow The main focus of changing the cyclist riding flow will be the trees and sculpture along the bikeway. With the bike path between the trees will able to show the cyclist a clear

/ Design Proposal

direction where they should head to. The sculpture in the middle is able to split the cyclist into two sides therefore they barely able to misdirect themselves into the wrong way.

//How will it change the pedestrian Same focus changes applied to the pedestrian’s walk flow either. The pedestrians are required to walk along the side of the trees to reduce the volume of crowd.

Pedestrians will walk on the side where they approaching to where all the exits are. In this case they will barely have much body collision with the others who have different direction. Walking along the sides enable them to watch the riverside view easily and access to the restaurant closely.

//What if they are crossing through While pedestrians crossing the bike path, there will be smart lighting along the bike path to notice the cyclist. Bike path leveling will be done to differentiate the bike path and walkway. It also increase pedestrian’s awareness while crossing the bikeway due to the leveling which has certain height.

Master of Design Innovation and Technology

ju l ’ 20 1 9

w based on the new design?

ns flow based on the new design?

the bike pathway?

18

St ud io

safe city smart city / Section / Drawing

6m Walkway Restaurant

8m

6m

Bike Path

Walkway

Buffer Zone

Buffer Zone

Yarra River

// New bicycle path proposed in the barely used area to uniformly activate the usage ofthe entire space.

The buffer space between the cycle path and pedestrian zone creates standing, pausing and interacting areas.

More space for pedestrians to walk safely. //

Road

11.5m

7m

11.5m

Walkway

Bike Path

Walkway

Crossing

Master of Design Innovation and Technology

Road

ju l ’ 20 1 9

X

X’ Front View (Smart Lighting) Not to scale

1.Luminaire PD Fixture 2.Concrete Wall 3 . 3/4” Electrical Conduit Per Local Code.

4 . Uf/Ul, Copper, Low Voltage Cable, Splice Wires

Section X-X’ Not to scale

1.Luminaire PD Fixture 2.Concrete Wall

// While pedestrians crossing the bike path, there will be smart lighting along the bike path to notice the cyclist. Bike path leveling will be done to differentiate the bike path and walkway. It also increase pedestrian’s awareness while crossing the bikeway due to the leveling which has certain height. //

20

St ud io

safe city smart city / Design Visualisation - New Vision of Soutbank Promenade

Master of Design Innovation and Technology

ju l ’ 20 1 9

22

St ud io

safe city smart

Relocate and resize the crossing.

city / Design Visualisation - Crossing

To reduce the cyclists speed in “shared zone” by using rough material tiles surface

Master of Design Innovation and Technology

A tectured rumble strip mark beginning of the street, so c know to slow down and to a pedestrians to hear cyclists e

ju l ’ 20 1 9

Creating a new bike path.

Mounting data collection device such as CCTV camera and sensors into lighting infrastructure.

ks the cyclists allow enter.

24

St ud io

safe city smart city / Design Visualisation - Southbank Promenade

Smart lighting is giving signal to cyclists. To create a safe walking routesbased on pedestrian and cyclist activities.

Master of Design Innovation and Technology

ju l ’ 20 1 9

Bike path leveling will be done to differentiate the bike path and walkway. It also increase pedestrian’s awareness while crossing the bikeway due to the leveling which has certain height.

26

St ud io

safe city smart city / Design Visualisation - Riverside

// Humans usually walk in their own convenient or comfortable route way. However this will slowly turns into unstructured flow and complicated movement. This situation is inefficient and very time consuming. How do we increase the walking efficiency and reduce time spending? What if we move the crowd to the side where the middle area will create more spaces? The idea of installing a social billboard on the bridge which allows the public to share their messages through app, creates some public interaction with pedestrians and new attraction in that area. This social billboard is open to the public to share their words, their feelings to the people. //

Master of Design Innovation and Technology

ju l ’ 20 1 9

Real - time instant messages will be presented through the phone app.

Interactive Screen locate at Sandridge Bridge. To display some information and graffiti concept messages from public by using real-time system.

28

St ud io

Sout

safe city smart city / System Approach

// This ideas is to provide clearer information and better understanding of shared zone. Especially international student, tourist and they cyclist(delivery). So through connecting the area’s wifi or using 5G will able to link to the phone interface, and it will inform the user that they have entered the shared zone area. They may choose either themselves are pedestrians or cyclists. //

en

pedestrians

// After all, both pedestrians and cyclists have the freedom of getting access to the restaurant info, emergency contact if required, as well as the latest interactive screens at Sandridge bridge which able to display graffiti concept message from public by using real-time system. Some extra information such as the site’s urban planning will be explained, the urban planning is to explain how they reduce footpath obstructions to free up more space for walking in busy area. Floor texture will be clarified if they chose remain shared zone, how the rough textile surface reducing cyclist speed yet pedestrians still waking comfortably. New proposed bike path will be explained if they chose separate pathway in the phone interface, the purpose of smart lightning which provide signals will gave them a better understanding of how the new environment meant to be. //

// People will use the app to make payment for uploading some messages they would like to share. AI will collect all these data, evaluate the messages that received, analyze if the message contained some negative impact such as harassing or abusing. If AI found the message containing some unacceptable terms or wordings, it will automatically refuse to post to public. This is to protect the people and avoid negative social media occuring.

When this social billboard exist, it will attract the crowd naturally to the side river for photoshooting, this will allow the middle of the street to have lower human density which more convenient for human movement flow. // Master of Design Innovation and Technology

Today’s Schedule/a ctiv

Real- time infomatio

phone

attraction by using platform

res tauran ti recommendation restaurant

nter active screen Big screen located at Sandridge bridge , to display graffiti concept messages from public by using real -time syste m

ju l ’ 20 1 9

bef ore thb ank promenade 5g/wifi ho tspo t

phone Inter fac e

nter t o ‘shared zone’ Giving Notic e

cyclists visit or

Passyby

Destina tion

vities

on

GPS

walking/riding on Southb ank promenad e

// For cyclist they may either choose to be visitor which getting off soon or passing by that shared zone area. If passing by you may choose the closest destination to travel to. if there’s an event holding ahead, the real time data will be able to calculate the potential riding speed and delay time if it’s too crowded. If they choose to be visitors, they will receive the same schedule of the day with the pedestrians to plan their trip. //

speed det actor

others ROUTE If there’s Event

URB AN PLANING Reduce footpath obstructions to free up more space for walking in busy area s

emergen cy

Security contact / Emergency contac t by using GP S

bike p arking Using sensor to detector the avaiable parking locatio n

separate pathway New propose bike p ath

remain shared zone floor texture

smart lighting Lights giving signal to cyclist and pedestria n.

Mounting data collection device such as CCTV camera and sensors into lighting infrastructur e.

To create safety walking routes based on pedestrian and cyclist activitie s.

30

St ud io

safe city smart city

Previous works / Literature review / Photo essay / Research

What is mixed-use space?

The Rationale or mixed-use space The benefits of mixed-use space The Issues of mixed-use space The summary of best practise for mixed use space

/ Design Process

Master of Design Innovation and Technology

Mixed Use Space // Shared Zone // Southbank Promenade // Safe City Smart City // Jul’ 2019

St ud io

safe city smart city / Literature review

// All the analysis explained the pedestrians walk flow and potential issues of the walk path. It delivers the idea of how important a well designed space that beneficial to the public, maximising the advantage and reduce the risk to the least. Human’s behavior was part of the main factor that highly concerned to be improved. Safety awareness needs to be raised gradually to improve the public safety and improve the user experience for all. // Rightsizing Improved Safety and Pedestrian Experience.

Poughkeepsie, NY, Raymond Avenue: Rightsizing Improved Safety and Pedestrian Experience. Available at: https://www.pps.org/article/ raymond-avenue-rightsizing-and-roundabouts-improved-safety-and-pedestrian-experience

This article shows how Project for Public Spaces redesign the road to improve pedestrian experience and safety, increasing aesthetic appeal and supporting a vibrant business district. This researcher provides different sorts of improvements that have been done by the project and the benefits that the project being led to.

This article used some quantitative data to prove the improvement that was done are beneficial for both pedestrians and drivers. However, every single project contains the pros and cons for sure. The findings of this article are that every project will have different results in comments or satisfaction. To achieve a stage of improving people’s lifestyle and reducing the risk of being involved in any accident, the certain sacrifice would require such as time spent on construction, that may occur on road closure and others. Apparently, this emphasizes the importance of improving yet taking negative feedback may help with the next phase of improvement.

Potential application of Shared Space principles in urban road design: effects on safety and ame nity.

Edquist, J. and Corben, B. (2012). Potential application of Shared Space principles in urban road design: effects on safety and amenity. [online] Available at: https://acrs.org.au/files/roadsafetytrust/1339632202.pdf?fbclid=IwAR1r7JG1J0OLe9IpkfSVsCsw0vOXAXg_ vDv0yIgDBic03EwAXr3l13Fh8_c [Accessed 15 Aug. 2019].

This article shows the importance of improving road safety by encouraging active transport modes and reduce travel by private vehicle. Designing shared space for pedestrian and non motorist to have their own private and safe area to travel. To maximise the advantages and usage of shared space, the demand and data of pedestrians as well as vehicles are essential to consider within. Disabled parking space requirements need to be aware of the distance to avoid unfair treated. All pedestrians, cyclists and vehicle laneway have to be thought of as fairly to ensure all parties received the most equal outcome. People have to understand the importance and behavior of the new space, ensuring everyone able to respect and appreciate the changes that have been made for everyone.

Master of Design Innovation and Technology

ju l ’ 20 1 9

Umbrellium develops interactive road crossing that only appears when needed Mairs, J. 2017, ‘Umbrellium develops interactive road crossing that only appears when needed’. Available at: https://www.dezeen. com/2017/10/12/umbrellium-develops-interactive-roa d-crossing-that-only-appears-when-needed-technology/?fbclid=IwAR17v S7bac7x2XjD b7Hjcsy_3fQVIThv64uCwbKb87HK-pwcvejVPx_Uwxk#disqus _thread.

This article shows the latest innovation of designing the road crossing, attempts to improve the pedestrian experience as well as reducing the risk of getting into an accident. The researcher claimed that phone distraction has been alerted as to the main issue after pedestrians or drivers, signals are required to improve their alertness to avoid unnecessary incidents. The article provides some useful information regarding the latest investment that able to increase the awareness of pedestrians, cars and cyclists. The highlighted part of this idea is the crossing may fully disappear when just a few pedestrians around. It will reappear during the peak hour to ensure the safety of the crowd. Size is adjustable according to the demand and needs, highlighting the relationship between people and around the crossing. The Umbrellium founder, Usman Haque claimed that visual impairment will be deployed in the latest version of this project. Additionally, the important part of this innovation is to accommodate the numbers of people getting across safely and comfortably. This finding is a new direction for how technology leads people to a more disciplined and organized structure environment. This article is useful to my project as Mairs find that despite the idea was innovative, yet he pointed out the population and natural resources issue that involved in this case that needs to be concerned. The growth of population caused so much trouble and the use of natural resources are inappropriate. This potentially supports my research regarding smart city that the numbers of the population should have to be aware of indirectly affecting the infrastructure and energy consumption.

Study reveals growing problem of distracted pedestrians on Melbourne streets.

Royall, I. Study reveals growing problem of distracted pedestrians on Melbourne streets. Retrieved August 4, 2019, from https://www. heraldsun.com.au/news/victoria/study-reveals-growing-prob lem-of-distracted-pedestrians-on-melbourne-streets/news-story/56deb3e 55f9ff40d75a9ffa53f73d2a9

This article explores the fact that pedestrian mainly distracted by their own phones while crossing the city’s busiest streets. The article suggested the smartphone-based App to avoid phone user focus on their phone near busy streets, warning them with the camera-based technologies. The researcher also states out the comparison between male and female, the frequency of looking for traffic while crossing the road. The researcher also shows the study that conducted a result of a certain location is the busiest crossing at certain hours. The result statistically determines the specific time frame with the numbers of the crowd, following with pedestrian unhealthy habit will potentially create unnecessary accidents. However, all these were some observations from the researchers yet not qualitative data that may refer on. This could help with providing more external points to emphasize the research, yet more data that would require to address the actual reason behind the incident.

The finding of this article was an accident occurred not just due to the unprofessional driving from the car driver, yet pedestrian should take on their own responsibilities at the same time.The article is useful to my research as Royall has delivered a different perception regarding responsibilities and accidents. This shows a few factors that required to improve such as regulations, education, technology and infrastructure.

32

St ud io

safe city smart city / Photo Essay

Master of Design Innovation and Technology

ju l ’ 20 1 9

34

St ud io

safe city smart city / Research - Mixed-use space

//Plenty of researches regarding Mixed use space to have a better understanding of this concept and the ideas of using it. This isn’t common in Asia countries therefore more details are required to prove the study. A lot of comparisons and statements needs to be provided to explain how this concept works in different environment, and to maximize the use of crowded spaces.//

New Road(new type of shared space) by Landscape Projects and Gehl Architects, Brighton, England

What is Mixed-use space?

Shared space (Mixed-use space) is an approach to road design that is growing in popularity around the world which originating in Northern Europe(Shared Space Institute 2009). Its an innovative concept in pedestrian friendly, yet not ‘MAINLY” road design. This is an extra option for the urban centres needing to better balance mobility, safety, community desires and the needs of different road users. Vehicles, pedestrians and cyclists are free to move through the space more or less at will by having their own sections of pavement. They are able to negotiate with others users directly with eye contact or social norms.

Master of Design Innovation and Technology

ju l ’ 20 1 9

The Rationale or Mixed-use space

Mixed use space encourage cooperation and consideration between different road users such as drivers, cyclists and pedestrians.. They promote calm, negotiated social behavior, while streets that look like roads will promote travel- focussed ‘traffic behavior’(Shared Space Project 2005). Mixed use space also encouraging pedestrians to move along and across the space while motor vehicle showed the speed and volume reduction consistently This happens when pedestrian movement has increased and car dominance had decreased. Hans Monderman claimed that mixed use space is to allow road users interact with each other in road environment which short of lane markers, curbs, signs and traffic rules.

Exhibition Road in the heart of London’s museum quarter in Kensington, Now the half-mile road, decorated by a criss-cross pattern, is a continuous shared space for cars and people. The speed limit will be 20 mph and traffic is expected to decline 30 per cent.

Benefits of Mixed use space

Mixed use space has higher use of active transport mode which serve multiple uses, vital for sustainable, healthy and prosperous cities. Hamilton- Baillie(2008a, 2008b, 2005) claimed that when a space looks unsafe and people or drivers have no clue how to behave, they will reduce the speed and negotiate the area carefully, thus increasing safety. This shows that people will increase awareness when they notice the safety around isn’t stable enough.

The issues of Mixed-use space

Mixed use space has conflict over increasingly congested road space continues to grow. It’s not a disabled friendly area since people who are blind and visually impaired pedestrians hardly able to make eye contact with others. Same has Deaf and hearing impaired pedestrians has issue with hearing the vehicles approaching from behind. It could be risky as well since there’s a lot of dangerous driving occuring around the world. //

36

St ud io

safe city smart city / Design Process // Beside that, I have came out with the idea of using both speed detectors and in ground LED light. To

ensure everyone has the same concept of road safety, we chose to use Red Light Cameras that been operating in Victoria since 1983. This may create an advantage of co-operating with Victoria police and increase road safety for both pedestrians and other vehicles.

The red light cameras will be installed at every 50metres of the road, in ground LED light will be placed accordingly along the road side at the distance of 10metres in between. The idea of this purpose is to detect the speed of cyclists, the LED light ahead of the road will appear red light to warn pedestrians that there’s vehicle approaching. If the cyclists ride above 30km/h, the red lights will keep flashing to warn both pedestrians and cyclists, ideally the cyclists will try to slow down to meet the speed limit. This idea is physically beneficial for both cyclists and pedestrians. Pedestrians who always on mobile device or headphones on, they will be able to react quickly according to the signal from the light. Same goes for cyclists, despite there might have few cyclists entering at the same time, yet they will all try to reduce speed due to the natural reaction. The whole idea of this concept is to create a friendly interaction between pedestrians and vehicles. For example the Shared Zone in Norrkoping in Sweden, the pedestrians and vehicles are having face to face interaction directly most of the time.

In these locations we are having the same issue with the vehicles approaching from the back. The LED light will be our third eye to face with the vehicle, we will react naturally according to the signal and stick to the left behaviorally. We using light effect instead of sound due to the noise pollution that all these locations facing.

Sound effect is useless to those who has headphones on and potentially increase the noise pollution. //

Master of Design Innovation and Technology

ju l ’ 20 1 9

- Red light cameras will be installed every 50 metres of the road to detect speed - LED in ground light will be installed even every 10metres along the roadside - LED light turns red = vehicle approaching - LED light flashing red = vehicle approaching above 30km/h(Cyclist needs to reduce speed) - Friendly interaction between pedestrians and vehicles - Light effect instead of sounds to avoid noise pollution

38

St ud io

safe city smart city / Design Process

// Safety and efficiency are our main concerns in this project to meet our human’s needs in coming decades. AI can implement smart traffic solutions to ensure that inhabitants of a smart city get to another as safely and efficiently as possible. It handles real time data coming from multi cameras surveillance. It plays an important role in detecting market trends, identify risks and ease traffic congestion. It able to analyse pedestrian travel demand according to the pedestrian’s behavior. Artificial intelligence-led autonomous transport could for instance help to reduce the human errors that are involved in many traffic accidents. It uses observed data to make or even predict decisions appropriately.

The AI software processes information second by second to come up with the best way to move traffic through the intersection, changing traffic lights depending on the most optimal way of keeping traffic moving. Decisions can be made autonomously, and shared with neighbouring intersections to help them understand what is coming their way.

How to work together with AI for analysis Artificial intelligence is not here to replace us. It augments our abilities and makes us better at what we do.

Because AI algorithms learn differently than humans, they look at things differently. They can see relationships and patterns that escape us. This human, AI partnership offers many opportunities. It can: - Bring analytics to industries and domains where it’s currently underutilized.

- Improve the performance of existing analytic technologies, like computer vision and time series analysis.

- Break down economic barriers, including language and translation barriers.

- Augment existing abilities and make us better at what we do.

- Give us better vision, better understanding, better memory and much more.

Steps Combine data Analyze data Build predictive model Visualize data //

Master of Design Innovation and Technology

ju l ’ 20 1 9 Camera Surveillance An area will be monitored under multi cameras surveillance. This is to record the number of objects within that area for the next step of data analysis. It provides the computer vision developer with the most amazing array of options for extracting data from a scene. It is not constrained to measuring depth but can also detect and extract colours and textures and shapes – and track changes in all of these second by second. Analyze occupancies, heatmaps, flows, queue times, transaction times, asset staffing levels, asset utilisations and many more the “camera as a sensor” model is a privacycompliant solution, far less invasive than solutions that rely on identifying or tagging or tracking people.

Image Identification After that, throughout image identification, object(humans) will be counted when it appears in at least two ameras, overlapped in videos has higher possibilities of the existences. Every recorded area has a specific space such as 10m2 or others.

How to calculate crowd density?

Crowd size is never evenly distributed or static. To compensate for this, a method that assigns values for high density and low density areas results in a more accurate number.

Population density calculation Assign a density value to each box. Low density boxes with one person’s head receive a density number of 10, medium density boxes with two or three heads receive the number 4.5, and high density boxes with four or more heads receive a density of 2.5. For very large photos, you can estimate the number of heads per box instead of counting, but counting gives more precise numbers.

Add up the number of boxes for each density value. Sum the total square feet for each density value. For example, you have ten total boxes with four boxes at a 10 density value, three boxes at 4.5 density value, and three boxes at 2.5 density value. The total square footage for low density boxes is 4 boxes multiplied by 10 square feet for a total of 40 square feet. Medium density boxes occupy 30 square feet, as do high density boxes.

Find the estimated number of people for each density value by dividing the total square footage for a density value by the density value itself. Continuing our example, low density boxes have 40 total square feet, divided by a density value of 10, which equals four people. Medium density boxes have a total of 30 square feet, divided by a density value of 4.5, equals seven people, and the high density boxes have a total of 12 people.

Add the total number of people for each density to get the total crowd size of 23 people.

40

St ud io

safe city smart city / Design Process Data Analysis Objects will be calculated within that specific area and summarize the population density. For example: 1-4 persons in 10m2 is low density, 5-7 persons in 10m2 is medium density, 8-10 persons in 10m2 is high density. If the monitored area is 10m2 and there’s 8 persons walking in that area, this situation will be considered as high density.

Artificial Intellegence A human pedestrian is an object with a width-to-height ratio of 2-to-8 that moves at a speed of about 20kph at the most. The higher density that area turned out to be, the slower movement pedestrian will occur. AI will restructure through the data such as number of objects, space area, distance of journey, potential movement speed. With all these analysis data will provide the potential speed limit, duration of reaching next destination, percentage of human density within this area which will alert people who entering this zone. AI will analyze two different kinds of human movement which are pedestrian and cyclist. Instead of detecting human quantity, AI will differentiate cyclist who was riding within that area. AI will measure the number of cyclists and evaluate the density within.

Information Screen After the calculation from both the 4th and 5th steps, we design a display screen using laser light and projector, displaying the information provided above. This will alert the pedestrians regarding the human density ahead and potential slower speed movement which will affect the duration of arriving. It will as well calculate other optional route which may reach to the closest destination with similar duration yet lower human density. For the 5th step we may use the display screen to alert the pedestrians ahead where number of cyclists within this area is increasing. Pedestrians will be encouraged to stay on their left to allow cyclists to ride pass till the numbers of cyclist reduce to low density. These display screen is to increase human awareness and able to make better decision of choosing the best route.

When Red light.

When Green light.

We able to reduce the human density potentially and changing the human flow to other locations. This isn’t able to maintain or reduce the crowd in specific area yet enhance the safety among pedestrians and cyclists.

Human movement wouldn’t be too dramatic and able to maintain a consistent flow which wouldn’t cause much inconvenience to the others.

Master of Design Innovation and Technology

ju l ’ 20 1 9 Why Artificial Intelligence will be a trigger point in human’s future technology?

Artificial intelligence creates the possibilities for machines to obtain experience, adjust to new inputs and perform human-like-task. It was believed to create a new era of disruption and productivity, where human ingenuity is enhanced by precision and speed. With the technologies applied, computers can be trained to accomplish specific tasks by processing an enormous number of collected data and recognizing the patterns within.

How can AI on the lead of improving the data analysis?

AI can allow city planners to allocate resources more efficiently, use existing assets more effectively, and improve the sharing and management of data and information across systems AI can implement smart traffic solutions to ensure that inhabitants of a smart city get from one point to another in the city as safely and efficiently as possible.

AI uses observed data to make or even predict decisions appropriately. The AI software then processes this nformation second by second to come up with the best way to move traffic through the intersection, changing traffic lights depending on the most optimal way of keeping traffic moving. Decisions can be made autonomously, and shared with neighbouring intersections to help them understand what is coming their way.

Smart Helmet for male

Smart Helmet for female

Other than that, we also think that the ideas could be further development to the Smart Helmet and Phone, which provide informtation to Cyclist and Pedestrian when they are not around Southbank Promenade.

Visualization - When wearing the smart helmet

42

St ud io

safe city smart city / Design Process

// The concept of this street is to create more possibilities on the street. The modular is removable and able to make changes easily. Bicycle parking bar is able to install easily by removing the light bulb depends on the event needs. Canopy can be attached for the street art performers or any other events. Plantation is quite flexible depends on numbers and locations. Modular can removed for tree planting if required.

Based on the detected crowd density and cyclist speed from sensor, AI will evaluate the data and provide the best solution accordingly. It’s either using the pavement increased bump to change cyclists direction, or using lightning to direct the pedestrian to a batter pathway.

This will result in leading the cyclists and pedestrians to different pathway depends on the crowd and timing.

Splitting the people and provide a better route, improving time efficiency. //

//Modular

- Ideally be removed and placed easily to suit the changing function of a street.

- Easily replaced if there’s damage

//Vegetation

- Dedicated landscape zones to bring green into streets - Absorbing stormwater - Plantation accordingly

Master of Design Innovation and Technology

ju l ’ 20 1 9

//Attachment

- Able to attach canopies for event or some design urban furniture

//Attachment

Signboard attached - Bike racks - Temporary stage

//Daytime

- Pavement increased bump (Thin and Long Stripe) - To create uncomfortable bump for cyclists - Leading the cyclists to the alternate route - Splitting the crowd into two inadvertently - Popping up base on the crowd desity

//Nightime

- Directing pedestrians at night - LED signal changes in road use throughout the day and night - Light - up tiles will redefine lanes to suit traffic needs

44

St ud io

safe city smart city / Appendix / Issued from pedestrians

Pedestrians lack mindful with they own pathway of walking. Drunk pedestrians might jump into your way out or sudden or kids running loose around and pedestrians changing direction without observing. All these misbehavior will cause some inconveniences.

Pedestrians are inattentive when they’re busy talking to friends and family. They barely obeying the ‘keep left’ sign where all the poles designed in line. and will accidentally walk towards cycling route, especially when they’re on their phone and in a high population density area.

Pedestrians usually prefer to fit their own convenience, therefore they chose to stand where they feel comfortable with which might block the cyclists. Pedestrians barely pay attention to bell ring and they hardly move away despite there’s cyclist ringing the bell. Cyclists were forced to change their directions when pedestrians walked on bicycle lane which will create inconvenience.

Huge crowd will approach when there’s event in MCG, this narrow section can becomes impossible.

Beside that, Pedestrian paths are strongly related to pedestrian perspective. The pedestrian’s perspective is on its turn influenced by different factors.

1- People People follow the crowd and tend to flow with it and not break or cut through the flow.

2- Green structures landscape elements influence people to flow through it or along with it.

3- Human senses Visual perspectives play a major role in influencing people to follow a certain path. Similarly other senses navigate people to a certain direction.

4- Architecture landmarks Architecture landmarks make a strong impact while navigating or following a certain path.

Interview when they are walking or crossing the road.

1. Didn’t pay attention on surrounding because was busy talking with friends.

2. Get distracted by phone.

3. Just follow the flow.

4. Not familiar with this place 5. Homeless was there, just try not to stay too close, feel uncomfortable.

6. Just being too lazy to walk to the other side.

Master of Design Innovation and Technology

ju l ’ 20 1 9

Source from: https://crowdspot.carto.com/viz/2414a9a0-2d0e-11e6-b90f-0e787de82d45/embed_map

/ Issued from cyclists, electric scooters and skateboards

Cyclist barely obeying the speed limit especially delivery cyclist. They often being impatient and careless towards the pedestrians.

Speed restriction is useless without a speedometer. They hardly know their own speed and rarely ring the bell while approaching at high speed.

Young cyclist ride the bike very dangerous way(twisting around + speed up) and they thought it was entertaining.

This caused plenty of worries among the pedestrians.

/ Issued for street art performers Street performers somehow attracted large crowd which will fully block the boulevard.

/ Issued for landscape design

Southbank promenade garden area which rarely has someone chilling around, and Crown area’s tree location mislead pedestrians to a different direction. These two locations are too congested to fit both pedestrians and cyclists.

Road crossing colour painted misled the guest where bike lane in green and pedestrian lane left blank.

Pedestrians might have thought theyrequired to cross on green pavement. City of Melbourne would realize that most cyclists chose the southernmost edge to cross, leaving pedestriansto the north. Conflict often occurred when pedestrians and cyclist got confused by the painted surface and narrow pathway.

City Road is a death trap and cant be used without a bike lane, no other option but have to use this route to reach a particular destination. Bikelane is barely a meter wide, water drains and bumps which will affect the cyclist decisions.

Bike and pedestrian mark is hard to be seen especially the pedestrian who stand behind the crowd There is too much sign on the floor(road marking for piping or construction, some old sign).

46

St ud io

safe city smart city / Reference Australian Tourism Statistics 2018 | Travel Research & Statistics — Budget DirectTM,” 2018 Balancing Street Space for Pedestrians and Vehicles. (2019). Retrieved 6 November 2019, from https://www.pps.org/article/ balancing-street-space-for-pedestrians-and-vehicles Engelhardt, H. (2019). New Council Plan Prioritises Pedestrians Over Cyclists in Southbank. Retrieved 6 November 2019, from https://www.broadsheet.com.au/melbourne/city-file/article/southbank-promenade-changes-cyclists Footpath Trading Policy. (2019). Retrieved 6 November 2019, from https://www.walk.com.au/pedestriancouncil/page. asp?PageID=1194&SiteID=1 Ismail, N. (2019). AI in cyber security: a necessity or to early to introduce?. Retrieved 6 November 2019, from https://www. information-age.com/ai-in-cyber-security-necessity-early-123484850/ Jacks, T. (2019). Council plan to ease pedestrian, cyclist crush on Southbank Promenade. Retrieved 6 November 2019, from https://www.theage.com.au/national/victoria/council-plan-to-ease-pedestrian-cyclist-crush-on-southbank-promenade20190509-p51lmb.html Joshi, N. (2019). Can AI Become Our New Cybersecurity Sheriff?. Retrieved 6 November 2019, from https://www.forbes.com/ sites/cognitiveworld/2019/02/04/can-ai-become-our-new-cybersecurity-sheriff/#7b2a5f0536a8 Lack of safe crossings tops list for walkers in Melbourne. (2019). Retrieved 6 November 2019, from https://www.vichealth.vic. gov.au/media-and-resources/media-releases/lack-of-safe-crossings-tops-list-for-walkers-in-melbourne Laurence, A. (2019). The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Cyber Security. Retrieved 6 November 2019, from https://www. cpomagazine.com/cyber-security/the-impact-of-artificial-intelligence-on-cyber-security/ Lucas, C. (2019). Walk on the wild side: Hazardous crossings among pedestrians’ top gripes. Retrieved 6 November 2019, from https://www.theage.com.au/national/victoria/walk-on-the-wild-side-hazardous-crossings-among-pedestrians-top-gripes20170619-gwu5og.html Melbourne Population (2019). Retrieved from http://worldpopulationreview.com/world-cities/melbourne-population/.

Network, L. L. A. (2015). Just How Powerful Are Pedestrianised Streets? Retrieved from https://land8.com/just-how-powerful-arepedestrianised-streets/ Ramachandran, R. (2019). How Artificial Intelligence Is Changing Cyber Security Landscape and Preventing Cyber Attacks.

Retrieved 6 November 2019, from https://www.entrepreneur.com/article/339509 Road management. (2019). Retrieved 6 November 2019, from http://www.victoriawalks.org.au/road_management/ Rooney, K. (2019). Southbank promenade to be revamped to provide better space for pedestrians. Retrieved 6 November 2019, from https://www.heraldsun.com.au/news/victoria/southbank-promenade-to-be-revamped-to-provide-better-spacefor-pedestrians/news-story/bc648e28effd028c3761ca331bcedf36 Southbank cyclists still speeding, says restaurateur. (2019). Retrieved 6 November 2019, from https://www.abc.net.au/ news/2015-03-19/cyclists-still-speeding-through-southbank-despite-rumble-strip/6331316 Visit Victoria. (2019). Visitor Statistics Hitting New Heights in Victoria. Retrieved from https://corporate.visitvictoria.com/news/ visitor-statistics-hitting-new-heights-in-victoria.

Transport Strategy 2030. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://participate.melbourne.vic.gov.au/transportstrategy?

Master of Design Innovation and Technology

ju l ’ 20 1 9

Source from: https://www.telegraph.co.uk/motoring/roadsafety/11072664/Britains-town-centre-roads-need-more-sharedspaces-expert-says.html

Source from: https://www.pps.org/article/what-is-shared-space

48

ju l ’ 20 1 9

St ud io

safe city smart city

Design folio

by

Chee yung siau s3643460

Master of Design Innovation and Technology