BUILDING SERVICES BLD 60903 / ARC 2423
Project II : Building Services Diary 01 Water Supply System 02 Electrical Supply System 03 Sewerage & Sanitary System 04 Rainwater/ Surface Drainage System CHEOK JIAN SHUANG 0320089 MR. AZIM SULAIMAN
00 TABLE OF CONTENTS
01 Introduction 02 Systems 02.1 Water Supply System 02.1.1 Introduction 02.1.2 Fittings and Equipment 02.1.3 Operation of System 02.1.4 UBBL Requirements 02.2 Electrical Supply System 02.2.1 Introduction 02.2.2 Fittings and Equipment 02.2.3 Operation of System 02.2.4 UBBL Requirements 02.3 Sewerage and Sanitary System 02.3.1 Introduction 02.3.2 Fittings and Equipment 02.3.3 Operation of System 02.3.4 UBBL Requirements 02.4 Rainwater/ Surface Drainage System 02.4.1 Introduction 02.4.2 Fittings and Equipment 02.4.3 Operation of System 02.4.4 UBBL Requirements 03 Drawings 04 Conclusion 05 Reference
01 INTRODUCTION
In this particular project, we are required to demonstrate our understanding on the services learnt throughout the module by producing technical drawings incorporating the necessary building services. We are asked to use our Design Studio final project for this assignment. The purpose of this exercise is to help us to familiarize the application of the systems and apply them in the design proposals. We must incorporate a site plan, building plans and roof plan into this particular project. We need to demonstrate our understanding of building services by providing the most appropriate systems for the building, which include: i) electrical supply system ii) cold water and hot water supply system iii) sewerage and sanitary system and iv) rainwater/ surface water drainage system. These systems form part the plans for Building Plan Approval to Local Authorities. Hence, it is essential for an architect to understand the systems well. We are also required to include specific clauses from the Uniform Building By Law (UBBL) or other relevant Acts, Laws or guidelines that narrate to the proposed systems into the presentation drawings.
02 SYSTEMS
For this particular assignment, we are to include electrical supply system, cold water and hot water supply system, sewerage and sanitary system and, rainwater/ surface water drainage system which can be easily seen in our daily lives. These systems are the basic fundamentals that help a building to perform or function efficiently.
02.1 WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM 02.1.1 INTRODUCTION The purpose of water supply system is to deliver water to consumer with appropriate quality, quantity and pressure. In addition, water supply system also provides storage, as well as provides flow and pressure adequate for fire protection. Hence, water quality should not get deteriorated in distribution pipes, also, the pipes should be fairly water-tight as to keep losses due to leakage to the minimum. 02.1.2 FITTINGS & EQUIPMENT In the water supply system that I have proposed for my building, I have included the fittings and equipment as below to ensure the system works efficiently to provide a conducive environment for learning. Gate valve
Used to control pressure, control flow of incoming water from the public main.
Water meter
Used to measure the volume of water used by residential and commercial buildings that are supplied with water by a public water supply system.
Stop cock
Used to control the flow of incoming water from distribution pipe. Compared to the progressive control of a gate valve a stop cock's is coarse, confining their use principally to on-off applications.
30mm diameter galvanized iron main pipe Widely used for conveying raw water & distribution of treated water. These pipes are cheap, light in weight and easy to handle.
30mm diameter PVC pipe ● Scour pipe ● Overflow pipe ● Supply pipe ● Vent pipe ● Distribution pipe
PVC Pipes offer a tremendous weight advantage over alternative piping materials. They are light in weight, high flexibility and relatively safer to use (non-toxic and flame resistant).
250 gallon capacity water storage tank
A container for storing water. Water tank is used to provide storage of water mainly for bathrooms and as drinking water.
Hot water tank
Heats up incoming water from water storage tank before distributing to the targeted fittings and equipment.
30mm diameter copper distribution pipe
Copper water pipes are durable. They are good at handling heat without losing strength or shape and are resist corrosion and high water-pressure.
Kitchen basin
Toilet and basin
02.1.3 OPERATION OF SYSTEM Water from the public main will pass through water meter before reaching the water storage tank. Stop cocks are installed in between the pipes to ease the process of maintenance. The water pressure from the public main supply needs to be high in order to transfer the water up to the storage tank at the roof level. Water for kitchen is directly supplied from the public main. From the water storage tank, the water will be distributed to the toilet and basin through distribution pipe while hot water is being distributed through copper distribution pipe after going through hot water tank. Water storage tank is equipped with stop cock, ball valve, overflow pipe and scour pipe to ensure the water level within as well as easing the maintenance process. 02.1.4 UBBL REQUIREMENTS UBBL SECTION 84 - PREVENTION OF DAMPNESS Suitable measures shall be taken to prevent the penetration of dampness into the building. UBBL SECTION 89 - CHASE A chase made in a wall for pipes and other service facilities shall leave the wall at the back of the chase not less than 100mm thick in external wall and party walls and not wider than 200mm. UBBL SECTION 123 - PIPES AND SERVICE DUCTS (A) Adequate for the accommodation of pipes, cables and conduits and for crossing of branches and mains. (B) Sufficiently large to permit access to clearing eyes, stop cocks and other controls to enable repairs and modifications.
02.2 ELECTRICAL SUPPLY SYSTEM 02.2.1 INTRODUCTION An electrical supply system is a network of electrical components deployed to supply, transfer, and use electric power. In Malaysia, the sole provider for electricity supply is TNB (Tenaga Nasional Berhad) which mainly uses coal, oil and gas to generate the electrical power. There are power plants which are also generated by hydropower (water) and biomass. 02.2.2 FITTINGS & EQUIPMENT For electrical supply system, I have included the fittings and equipment as below to ensure the system works efficiently to provide a conducive environment for learning. Meter box
From the service fuses, the electricity is fed to the TNB meter to measure the usages in terms of Kilowatt. The Incoming fuse and the meter are the property of TNB and tampering with them is a criminal offence.
Distribution fuse box (3 phase)
A main isolating switch that switches off everything. An earth connection block which connects earth to the earth wires of the various circuits. Single or double neutral connection blocks which supply the neutral connection to the Neutral wires of the various circuits. A fuse or miniature circuit breaker (MCB) for each circuit. This cuts the power to the individual circuit in the event of high fault current. To protect the individual circuit, there are different rated MCB for different circuits.
One way switch
It operates as a break switch. When it gets turn on, the two terminals get connected. And when we take how it turns off, the contact gets fell apart because it goes on to the reverse position. It is highly effective in smaller areas like rooms, washrooms, stores, balconies, and corridors.
13amp power socket
It allows electrically operated equipment to be connected to the primary alternating current (AC) power supply in a building.
Down light
Provides artificial lightings when necessary.
Ceiling fan
Helps to ventilate the spaces.
02.2.3 OPERATION OF SYSTEM 1: Incoming Fuses The main cables that carries the electricity are terminated at the incoming service fuses which prevent a major fault from affecting the rest of the neighbourhood. 2: TNB Meter From the service fuses, the electricity is fed to the TNB meter to measure the usages in terms of Kilowatt. 3: Consumer box and wiring A main isolating switch that switches off everything. At least one Residual Current Device (RCD). An earth connection block which connects earth to the earth wires of the various circuits. Single or double neutral connection blocks which supply the neutral connection to the Neutral wires of the various circuits. A fuse or miniature circuit breaker (MCB) for each circuit. This cuts the power to the individual circuit in the event of high fault current.To protect the individual circuit, there are different rated MCB for different circuits. Finally, it’s the wiring that links to light and power sockets to the main consumer box. It is important that the correct wire diameter/ rating is used based on the load requirements. 02.2.4 RELATED RULES & REGULATIONS ELECTRICAL SUPPLY ACT 1997 ACT-477 REGULATION 15 - Apparatus, Conductor, Accessory, etc. Any conductor that is exposed to weather, water, corrosion under heating or used in inflammation surroundings or in an explosive atmosphere shall be constructed or protected in such a manner to prevent danger.
ELECTRICAL SUPPLY ACT 1997 ACT-477 REGULATION 14 - Switch, Switch Fuse, CIrcuit Breaker, Conductor, Fuse, etc. (A) Fuse and circuit breakers are arranged in such a manner as to break the current when it exceeds a given value of sufficient time to prevent danger. (B) Constructed, guarded, or placed in a manner to prevent danger of overheating and arching from the scattering of hot metals or other substances.
02.3 SEWERAGE & SANITARY SYSTEM 02.3.1 INTRODUCTION Sewerage and sanitary system is a system that carries sewage from bathrooms, sinks, kitchens, and other plumbing components to a wastewater treatment plant where it is filtered, treated and discharged. In Malaysia, IWK (Indah Water Konsortium) is mainly responsible for operating and maintaining the public sewage treatment plants and network of underground sewerage pipelines. 02.3.2 FITTINGS & EQUIPMENT UPVC pipe ● Vent pipe ● Waste pipe ● Sewer pipe
It offers a tremendous weight advantage over alternative piping materials. They are light in weight, high flexibility and relatively safer to use (non-toxic and flame resistant).
Floor trap
A seal that prevents sewer gas from passing from the drain pipes back into the occupied space of the building, also to trap small substances to prevent blockage.
Manhole
Top opening to an underground utility vault used to house an access point for making connections, inspection, valve adjustments or performing maintenance on underground.
Gully trap
It receives piped wastewater from kitchen and bathroom before it is emptied into the sewer. The basin has a water seal to prevent foul odours of the sewer reaching the surface.
Septic tank
Removes solids from the wastewater and provides a clarified effluent for disposal to the drain field.
Soakaway pit
It’s a covered, porous-walled chamber that allows water to slowly soak into the ground.
02.3.3 OPERATION OF SYSTEM Wastewater and sewage from bathroom and kitchen will flow to manhole through PVC waste pipe. These unwanted substances then flow to inspection chamber. The function of inspection chamber is to allow the authority to access the sanitary or storm sewers without disturbing the building owner. After inspection chamber, these sewage will then reach septic tank through sewer pipe at 1:80 gradient which removes the solids from wastewater and at the same time, provides a clarified effluent for disposal to the drain field. Although it’s cheap to install a septic tank, the risk of overflow due to excess use is relatively higher. The maximum volume of sludge that a septic tank can store is approximately one third of its volume. Hence, regular desludging or removal of the accumulated sludge in the tank is critical to prevent water pollution.
02.3.4 RELATED RULES & REGULATIONS LAWS OF MALAYSIA ACT 133 SECTION 56 No pipe used for the carrying of rainwater from any roof shall be used for carrying off the soil or drainage from any privy or water closet or any sulfate water.
LAWS OF MALAYSIA ACT 133 SECTION 56 No water pipe, stack pipe or downspout used for the conveying of surface water from any premises shall be used to serve or to act as a ventilating shaft to any drain or sewer.
LAWS OF MALAYSIA ACT 133 SECTION 61 The local authority may erect or fix to any building such as pipes as are necessary for the ventilation of the drains and sewers belonging to it.
WATER SERVICES INDUSTRY ACT 2006 SECTION 63 The government may direct the owner or management of any premises to install or construct a private sewerage system or septic for the premises.
WATER SERVICES INDUSTRY ACT 2006 SECTION 59 Requiring all premises is at all times properly drained for sewage in accordance to the Act by a sufficient private connection pipe communicating with a public sewer or public sewerage system.
02.4 RAINWATER/SURFACE DRAINAGE SYSTEM 02.4.1 INTRODUCTION Rainwater or surface water drainage system is a system which involves draining the stormwater from roof or the surface of a building to rainwater downpipe, and all the way to water treatment plant be to treated into usable or consumable water. 02.4.2 FITTINGS & EQUIPMENT Rainwater downpipe
Rainwater downpipes play an important role in gutters system. When it rains, run-off flows down the roof, into the gutters and then is channelled away to the monsoon drain.
Gutter
Used to funnel water off the roof to rainwater downpipe and away from the building.
Drain sump
Used to collect surplus water and can be permanently plumbed into the effluent collection and treatment system.
Upvc pipe
It offers a tremendous weight advantage over alternative piping materials. They are light in weight, high flexibility and relatively safer to use (non-toxic and flame resistant).
Monsoon drain
Place where the rainwater / surface water will flow through before reaching the water treatment plant.
02.4.3 OPERATION OF SYSTEM For rainwater / surface water drainage system, The stormwater will run-off from the roof with 5 degrees slope to the UPVC gutter. From the gutter, the water will flow to the perimeter drain through the rainwater downpipe. In every few meters of the perimeter drain, drain sumps will be installed to collect surplus water to prevent flooding around the compound. Finally, the rainwater or surface water will flow to the monsoon drain before getting treated at the water treatment plant. 02.4.4 RELATED RULES & REGULATIONS LAWS OF MALAYSIA ACT 133 SECTION 56 No pipe used for the carrying of rainwater from any roof shall be used for carrying off the soil or drainage from any privy or water closet or any sulfate water.
LAWS OF MALAYSIA ACT 133 SECTION 56 No water pipe, stack pipe or downspout used for the conveying of surface water from any premises shall be used to serve or to act as a ventilating shaft to any drain or sewer.
UBBL SECTION 115 ROOF DRAINAGE All roof of building shall be constructed to drain effectively and sufficient channel shall be provided in accordance with the requirement of these laws for receiving and conveying all water which may fall on or from the roof.
03​ DRAWINGS
04 CONCLUSION
In conclusion, I have learnt that it is not only about the design that makes a building stands out, it also very important for these different types of system to be incorporated into a building, in order for a building to be functioned effectively inside out and at the same time, providing a conducive environment for the users to stay in. Also, this project allows me to gain a newfound appreciation of building services systems and realise the building actually has many different service component as well as sets of rules and regulations that would only allow a building to be operate in the first place.
05 REFERENCES
Queensland Department of Energy and Water Supply. (2016, February 11). Electricity supply. Retrieved June 22, 2017, from https://www.dews.qld.gov.au/electricity/regulation/supply Drain Sump. (n.d.). Retrieved June 22, 2017, from https://www.hughes-safety.com/drain-sump.html Introduction to Water Distribution Systems [PDF]. (n.d.). Bibhabasu Mohanty, Asst. Prof. at "SAL Institute of Engineering and research" Follow. (2012, April 11). Water distribution system. Retrieved June 22, 2017, from https://www.slideshare.net/bibhabasumohanty/water-distribution-system Siddharth Khanna, Director Follow. (2013, September 26). Building services. Retrieved June 22, 2017, from https://www.slideshare.net/SiddharthKhanna11/history-lecture-1 Azim, S. (n.d.). Sewerage & Drainage System [PDF]. Sateerah, H. (n.d.). ELECTRICAL SYSTEM [PDF].