Building Services Report by Chifundo Sapuwa

ENCORP STRAND GARDEN OFFICE

BUILDING SERVICES (BLD60903107021-M) PROJECT 1: CASE STUDY OF BUILDING SERVICES IN PUBLIC BUILDINGS CHIFUNDO SAPUWA 0327378 ISYRAQ NASIR 0322177 ANDIKA SETIABUDI 0326483 AIZZAT HAKIM B ABD HALIM 0324396 HANEY MARSYA RAIMY 0324486

ABSTRACT In this project, we were required to conduct a research regarding the building services applied on a multi storey building. In a group of five, we have conducted a site visit to our selected building which is the Encorp Strand Garden Office. We have been introduced to the common systems applied to the building itself to develop an understanding of its applications as building services in construction industry. The expected outcome from this project would be useful in the future of designing project to ensure that the design proposal is practical and efficient based on the building guidelines. The in-depth and thorough research conducted also helps develop our understanding on applying the correct graphic communications according to the required standards, such as the UBBL 1984. In the process of researching, we decide to choose Encorp Strand Garden Office as it fulfils the requirements based on the project brief, as it is equipped with all the required service components. A site visit had been conducted with the guidance from the building technician itself on the 3rd of May 2018 and it allowed our group members to collect the necessary information on site. A thorough study on all the service systems was made, which includes mechanical ventilation systems, air-conditioning system, ď&#x20AC; re protection systems (active and passive ď&#x20AC; re protection system) and mechanical transportation systems, such as elevator. From the research that we had conducted, we gained knowledge on the details of each system that required for our project. Therefore, we are aware on how building services played an important role in construction industry and keeping the building running,

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We would like to thank to our tutor, Ar. Zafarullah Mohamed Rozaly, for providing us guidance throughout the project. The dedication showed by our tutor manage to help us to get through the projects and ensure the completion of the projects despite the challenges faced by our team. Besides that, we would like to extend our appreciation to the management of Encorp Strand Garden Office, for allowing my group to conduct the research and guiding us to the completion of this project. All the knowledge gained helped us fulfil all the requirements needed to complete this project. Last but not least, all the commitment from each of the members leads to the completion of this projects.

TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 INTRODUCTION TO BUILDING

2.0 FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM 2. 1 literature review 2. 2 introduction to fire protection system 2. 2. 1 introduction to active fire protection system 2. 3 water based system 2. 3. 1 external fire hydrants 2. 3. 2 hose reel system 2. 3. 3 wet riser system 2. 3. 4 automatic sprinkler system 2. 4 non-water based system 2. 4. 1 carbon dioxide suppression system 2. 4. 2 dry chemical agents 2. 5 alarm and detection system and devices 2. 5. 1 fire control room 2. 5. 2 fire alarm control panel 2. 5. 3 fire alarm bell 2. 5. 4 fireman switch 2. 5. 5 emergency voice communication system 2. 5. 6 manual pull stations 2. 5. 7 smoke detectors 2. 6 smoke control system 2. 6. 1 supply ventilation system 2. 7 introduction to passive fire protection system 2. 8 means of escape 2. 8. 1 evacuation routes 2. 8. 2 fire escape plan 2. 8. 3 emergency exit signage 2. 8. 4 assembly point 2. 9 passive containment 2. 9. 1 compartmentation 2. 9. 2 flame containment 2. 9. 3 structural fire protection 2. 9. 4 fire fighting access

3.0 AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM 3. 1 introduction to air condition system 3. 2 literature review 3. 3 how air conditioning operates 3. 4 components of air conditioning 3.5 benefits of split system air conditioning

4.0 mechanical ventilation SYSTEM 4. 1. 1 introduction of mechanical ventilation 4. 1. 2 types of mechanical ventilation 4. 2 case study 4. 2. 1 supply ventilation systems 4. 2. 2 exhaust ventilation systems 4. 3 conclusion

5.0 vertical transportation SYSTEM 5. 0. 1 introduction 5. 0. 2 literature review 5. 1 elevator/lift 5. 2 types of elevators 5.2.1 Traction Elevator 5.2.1.(i) Gear 5.2.1.(ii) Gearless 5.2.2 Hydraulic Elevator 5.2.3 Climbing Elevator 5.2.4 Pneumatic Elevator 5.3 Case Study 5.3.1 Overview 5.3.2 Component of System 5.4 Operating System 5.5 Safety Features 5.6 Locations & Design Consideration 5.7 Conclusion

6.0 conclusion 6.0 summary 6.1 references 1

1.0 INTRODUCTION TO ENCORP STRAND GARDEN OFFICE

1.0 INTRODUCTION TOÂ ENCORP STRAND GARDEN OFFICE Encorp Strand Garden Office is a multi storey building office which is located adjacent to Giant, a popular and well known supermarket in Kota Damansara. Besides that itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s a 10 minute drive from The Curve and can be access through NKVE and LDP. This building have 14 blocks in total that includes boutique offices that were built with combination of design and technology that compliance with commerce, work and leisure on the same time. The design implanted a greenery concept into the work life. Encorp Strand Garden Office was completed in 2014, all thanks to joint venture between Encorp Berhad and PKNS. There are also a few facilities that can be accessed which is bubble lifts, sky garden, sky bridge and also a covered parking bay for 1100 cars.

2.0 FIRE PROTECTIONÂ SYSTEM

2.0 FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM HANEY MARSYA

2.1 LITERATURE REVIEW In Encorp Strand Garden Office, there are a lot of fire protection facilities being used. This includes active fire protection and passive fire protection systems. For active fire protection system, there are two categories. One is water based system and the other is non-water based system. An example of a water based system is the sprinkler system and the example of non-water based would be smoke alarms. Passive fire protection system uses no water at all. In fact it is about how the building is designed, it it is safe in the event of fire or the otherwise.

2.2 introduction to FIRE PROTECTION system Fire protection system is a crucial component of a building to ensure users’ safety. It does not matter what type of building it its, whether it’s an office, residential or a hospital. There are two categories of fire protection system. They are Active Fire Protection (AFP) and Passive Fire Protection (PFP). Without the two fire protection system installed, the building would be at high risk in case if the event of a fire breakout and it might take away lives. It is very important that both Active Fire Protection and Passive Fire Protection systems are working accordingly and accurately at the same time during a fire breakout because one system cannot work effectively without the other. Modern structures now have to be constructed and should function according to the requirements, building codes and laws as stated in the UBBL 1984.

2.2.1 introduction to active FIRE PROTECTION system Active Fire Protection system, also known as AFP, is an essential part of fire protection. The aim of Active Fire Protection system is to detect, prevent and possibly eliminate fire in which, the components of the AFP will react to movement and action. This is in order to work efficiently in the event of fire. These actions may either be operated manually or automatically. A prime example of a manually operated active fire protection system is the fire extinguisher and an example of an automatically operated active fire protection system is the sprinkler. Active Fire Protection system also includes water based system and non-water based system.

2. 3 WATER BASED SYSTEM

Water has always been the most natural way to eliminate fire. The benefits of using water based system are that water is always readily available, it is non-toxic, they can be stored at an atmospheric pressure and also in normal temperatures. Last but not least, they are inexpensive. Water based system consists of: Water type fire extinguishers External fire hydrants Hose reel systems Dry riser system Wet riser system Automatic sprinkler system

2.0 FIRE PROTECTIONÂ SYSTEM HANEY MARSYA

2. 3. 1 external fire hydrants External fire hydrants are connection points by which firefighters can tap into a water supply. In the event of fire, the firefighters will attach a hose to the external hydrant and then opens the valve found on the hydrant itself to provide strong flow of water coming out from the nozzle. Water can be supplied through the fire hydrant system. The external hydrants also helps in speeding up firefighting process. There are a total of external hydrants that can be found at Encorp Strand Garden Office. They are all located outside of the office. This is also to provide convenience for the firefighters so that during the event of fire, the firefighters can access the nearest fire hydrant.

components of an external fire hydrant:

The diagram shows the components of a typical external fire hydrant.

2.0 FIRE PROTECTIONÂ SYSTEM HANEY MARSYA

the diagram below shows how to operate the external fire hydrants: Open the outlet cap on the fire hydrant

Attach hose to the valve of the fire hydrant

Open the valve on the fire hydrant to provide powerful flow of water

Fix the other operating nut firmly to turn on the hydrant valve

Start directing the water to the fire using the hose

2.0 FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM HANEY MARSYA

- external hydrants

regulations: UNIFORM BUILDING BY-LAWS 1984 PART VIII FIRE ALARMS, FIRE EXTINGUISHMENT AND FIRE FIGHTING ACCESS. Section 225 (2) Every building shall be served by at least one fire hydrant located not more than 91.5 metres from the nearest point of fire brigade access. (3) Depending on the size and location of the building and the provision of access for fire appliances, additional fire hydrant shall be provided as may be required by the Fire Authority.

conclusion:

The external hydrants found at site complies with the UBBL 1984 requirements under section 225.

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2. 3. 2 hose reel system Hose reel system is designed for tenants and occupants to use during the first stages of a fire breakout. However in some cases, the hose reels can also be used by the fire brigade team. They serve as an initial fire fighting aid.

components of the hose reel system: 1) hose reel Fire hose reels are located strategically to provide a reasonably accessible and controlled supply of water to combat a potential fire risk.

The hose reel found at site is located in the fire riser room. The fire riser rooms are located in the lift lobby on each floor and is accessible.

2.0 FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM HANEY MARSYA

components of the hose reel: There are 4 main components of the fire hose reel:

1) drum 2) hose 3) STOP VALVE 4) NOZZLE

1) drum The hose reel drum is a universal swing type. The universal swing hose drum rotates around a horizontal shaft and the hose can be pulled and withdrawn from any direction.

2) hose The fire hose reel is made of non-tangling, braided rubber type. The length of the hose is 30 meter.

3) STOP VALVE

A 25mm diameter stop valve is provided for the connection of the hose reel to the water supply.

4) NOZZLE The nozzle assembly which is fitted at the end of the hose is made of corrosion resistant material. There are markings to indicate the open/shut positions of the nozzle.

2.0 FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM HANEY MARSYA

the diagram below shows how to operate the HOSE REEL: Open the stop valve

Run out the hose

Turn open the water at the nozzle

2) hose reel pump Hose reel pumps are a part of the water based fire protection system. Hose reel pumps provides water flow at a high pressure to the hose reels. They are needed in case the external fire hydrants provides insufficient pressure.

There are two hose reel pumps found at Encorp Strand Garden Office. They are located in the fire pump room in the carpark. The control panels for the hose reel pumps are also located in the fire pump room. There are two control panels.

2.0 FIRE PROTECTIONÂ SYSTEM HANEY MARSYA

- fire pump room 3) reinforced concrete hose reel tank The hose reel tank is located outside, which is next to the fire control room. The hose reel tank provides a large amount of water supply to the hose reel pump. The tank is connected to the pumps and control panels which is in the fire control room.

2.0 FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM HANEY MARSYA

- hose reel tank

regulations: UNIFORM BUILDING BY-LAWS 1984 PART VIII FIRE ALARMS, FIRE EXTINGUISHMENT AND FIRE FIGHTING ACCESS. Section 231 (2) A hose connection shall be provided in each fire fighting access lobby. Section 247 (1) Water storage capacity and water flow rate for firefighting systems and installations shall be provided in accordance with the scale as set out in the Tenth Schedule to the By-laws. (2) Main water storage tanks with the building other than for hose reel systems, shall be located at ground, first of second basement levels, with fire brigade pumping inlet connections accessible to fire appliances.

conclusion: The hose reel systems in Encorp Strand Garden Office complies with the UBBL 1984 requirements listed under Section 231 (2) and Section 247 ((1) & (2))

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2. 3. 3 wet riser system Wet riser systems are used to supply water within the building. Wet riser system is also another form of internal hydrants. The pipe is installed within the building for fire-fighting purposes. It is permanently charged with water unlike dry risers. The wet riser system can be found in the fire riser room. The fire riser room is located in the lift lobby on each floor. The wet riser goes up until the sixth floor of Encorp State Garden Office.

components of the wet riser system: 1) wet riser pipe 2) wet riser pumps 3) wet riser tanks

2.0 FIRE PROTECTIONÂ SYSTEM HANEY MARSYA

1) wet riser pipe components of the wet riser pipe:

riser pipe

landing valve

2) wet riser pumps

At Encorp Strand Garden Office, there are two wet riser pumps. They can be found in the fire pump room. The two control panels for the two pumps are also located in the fire pump room.

2.0 FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM HANEY MARSYA

3) wet riser tank

There is only one wet riser tank that can be found at Encorp Strand Garden Office. The wet riser tank is located outside next to the fire pump room.

- wet riser tank

2.0 FIRE PROTECTIONÂ SYSTEM HANEY MARSYA

regulations: UNIFORM BUILDING BY-LAWS 1984 PART VIII FIRE ALARMS, FIRE EXTINGUISHMENT AND FIRE FIGHTING ACCESS. Section 231 (1) Wet rising system shall be provided in every building in which the topmost floor is more than 30.5 meters above fire appliance access level.

conclusion: The wet riser system used in Encorp Strand Garden Office complies with the UBBL 1984 requirements listed under Section 231 (1).

2.0 FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM HANEY MARSYA

2. 3. 4 automatic sprinkler sytem An automatic sprinkler system is a type of active fire protection system, which consists of a water supply system. Each sprinkler system is built with jockey pump, duty pump and standby pump. Automatic fire sprinkler systems are actually activated by heat and they go off one sprinkler head at a time. The water suppply will provide sufficient pressure and flow rate to water distrbution piping system. The sprinkler will then distribute water. Most studies of sprinkler system effectiveness show that sprinkler systems are between 98% and 99.8% effective in the control of fire.

components of the automatic sprinkler system: 1) sprinkler pumps a) jockey pump b) duty pump c) standby pump 2) automatic sprinkler system tank 3) fire sprinkler head

1) sprinkler pumps Sprinkler pumps helps move larger volumes of water to supply several sprinkler heads at once. The sprinkler pumps, as well as its control panels, of Encorp Strand Garden are located in the fire pump room on level B1. Each sprinkler system is built with Jockey pump, Duty pump and Standby pump.

2.0 FIRE PROTECTIONÂ SYSTEM HANEY MARSYA a) jockey pump A jockey pump is a small pump of the sprinkler system. It functions to keep the pressure in the system elevated to a specific level when it is not in use. Jockey pump is an important part of the sprinkler pump as it ensures the system's pressure drop. Cut in pressure: 80 Cut off pressure: 90

B) duty pump A duty pump is commonly used to generate pressure to make sure continuous water pumping process. In the event of fire, the fire pump is triggered when the pressure in the fire sprinkler system drops below a certain point. If the fire sprinklers are open to heat above a certain temperature, the sprinkler system pressure will drop and the pressure switches will deliver a signal. Therefore, the duty pump will get triggered.

Cut in pressure: 70 Cut off pressure: manual

C) STANDBY PUMP Upon failure of the Jockey and Duty pumps, the standby pump still requires an operator to start pumping. By adding a certain function to the control panel, the standby pump will then start automatically when the Jockey and Duty pumps fail. Cut in pressure: 60 Cut off pressure: manual

2.0 FIRE PROTECTIONÂ SYSTEM HANEY MARSYA

2) Â automatic sprinkler system tank In Encorp Strand Garden Office, there is only one water tank used for the sprinkler system. It is connected to the pipes located outside the fire pump room. The pipes will be the one distributing water to the sprinklers.

2.0 FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM HANEY MARSYA

3) fire sprinkler head When a fire breaks out, the glass bullb in the sprinkler will break due to the increase of temperature. The sprinkler will distribute water over the area with fire hazard. After that, the pressure on the system will decline. The jockey pump will be activated automatically. The fire sprinklers at Encorp Strand Garden Office are all facing upright and are 2.0m apart from each other.

components of the fire sprinkler head: The vacuum-sealed liquid filled glass tube is usually of different colours. In this case, the ones found at site is red coloured liquid. Usually, the different colours represents the different operating temperatures. The liquid is to prevent leakage.

bulb operating temperature: 57°c 68°c 79°c 93°c 141°c 182°c

2.0 FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM HANEY MARSYA

- sprinkler tank

regulations: UNIFORM BUILDING BY-LAWS 1984 PART VIII FIRE ALARMS, FIRE EXTINGUISHMENT AND FIRE FIGHTING ACCESS. Section 228 (1) Sprinkler valves shall be located in a safe and enclosed position on the exterior wall and shall be readily accessible to the Fire Authority. (2) All sprinkler system shall be electricity connected to the nearest fire station to provide immediate and automatic relay of the alarm when activated.

conclusion: The fire sprinkler system used in Encorp Strand Garden Office complies with the UBBL 1984 requirements listed under Section 228.

2.0 FIRE PROTECTIONÂ SYSTEM HANEY MARSYA

2. 4 non-water based system Non-water based system is another type of active fire protection system. They are basically used in areas where as highly flammable liquids, electrical wirings, etc, are present. In the event of fire caused by these, using water based system will only worsen the condition and may even cause deaths. Therefore, non-water based system plays an important role as they are much safer to use. There are a few examples of non-water based fire protection system:

Carbon dioxide systems Dry chemical agents and applications system Aragonite

2. 4. 1 carbon dioxide (co2) suppression system Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a non-conductive gas. It is also odourless and colourless. It is highly efficient as a fire suppression agent as it has a high rate of expansion. It extinguishes fire by oxidation. Carbon dioxide suppression system is a type of system where the carbon dioxide are kept and safely stored in cylinders under pressure. The use of carbon dioxide suppression system is remarkably versatile and effective on a wide range of highly flammable and combustible materials. When applied to fire, it will only require minimal clean-up which is highly convenient compared to water based fire protection system.

In Encorp Strand Garden Office, the carbon dioxide suppression system can be found in the genset room. The system can be controlled and monitored by the control panel which is located in the control room.

2.0 FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM HANEY MARSYA

- genset room

2.0 FIRE PROTECTIONÂ SYSTEM HANEY MARSYA

2. 4. 2 dry chemical agents Dry chemical fire extinguishers are the most common fire extinguishers used. A dry chemical extinguisher sprays out a very fine powder of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3), potassium bicarbonate (KHCO3) or monoammonium phosphate ((NH4)H2PO4). These chemicals smothers the fire and eventually will eliminate the fire.

In Encorp Strand Garden Office, the type of dry chemical fire extinguisher used is the ABC. ABC dry chemical is usually a mix of monoammonium phosphate and ammonium sulphate.

components ofÂ the fire sprinkler head:

2.0 FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM HANEY MARSYA

the diagram below shows how to operate the HOSE REEL:

P A

Pull the pin

Aim at the base of fire

Squeeze the operating handle

Sweep from side to side

regulations: UNIFORM BUILDING BY-LAWS 1984 PART VIII FIRE ALARMS, FIRE EXTINGUISHMENT AND FIRE FIGHTING ACCESS. Section 227 Portable extinguisher shall be provided in accordance with the relevant codes of practice and shall be sited in prominent positions on exit routes to be visible from all directions and similar extinguishers in a building shall be of the same method of operation.

conclusion: .The fire extinguishers that are used in Encorp Strand Garden Office complies with the UBBL 1984 requirements listed under Section 227. As stated, the fire extinguishers used are the ABC type.

2.0 FIRE PROTECTIONÂ SYSTEM HANEY MARSYA

2. 5 ALARM AND DETECTION SYSTEM AND DEVICES The fire alarm system consists of a number of devices working together to detect fire hazards and warn people through visual and audio appliances. These alarms may be activated automatically from smoke detectors and/or heat detectors. They may also be activated manually by using devices such pull stations and manual call points. The alarms can be horns, motorized bells or wall mountable sounders.The fire alarms can be set to specific frequencies and tones. In addition, it will send an electronic signal to inform and alert the fire brigade.

2. 5. 1 Â fire control room The fire control room is the nerve center for the building. It is where all the alarm and dectection system's control panels are located. The fire control room also consists of the mimic plans of Encorp Garden Strand Office, equipments for fire-fighting operations necessities, CCTV control system and there are security guards to monitor the system. In Encorp Garden Strand Office, the fire control room is located on level P3.

2.0 FIRE PROTECTIONÂ SYSTEM HANEY MARSYA

- fire control room

regulations: UNIFORM BUILDING BY-LAWS 1984 PART VIII FIRE ALARMS, FIRE EXTINGUISHMENT AND FIRE FIGHTING ACCESS. Section 238 Every large premises or building exceeding 30.5 metres in height shall be provided with a command and control centre located on the designated floor and shall contain a panel to monitor the public address, fire brigade communication, sprinkler, waterflow detectors, fire detection and alarm systems and with a direct telephone connection to the appropriate fire station by-passing the switchboard.

conclusion: The fire control room in Encorp Strand Garden Office complies with the UBBL 1984 requirements listed under Section 238.

2.0 FIRE PROTECTIONÂ SYSTEM HANEY MARSYA

2. 5. 2 fire alarm control panel Fire alarm control panels are the important component which controls the fire alarm and detection systems and devices. The control panel will receive signals and informations from the devices that are designed to detect and report fire hazards. It is also able to monitor the system to prepare the facilities for fire hazards..

2. 5.Â 3 fire alarm bell Fire alarm bells deliver high frequency noise when the alarm system is triggered. The alarms may be activated automatically from smoke detectors and or other detectors. It can also be activated via the manual pull stations. The purpose is to alert tenants of the building so that they can evacuate immediately because of fire hazards.

2.0 FIRE PROTECTIONÂ SYSTEM HANEY MARSYA

regulations: UNIFORM BUILDING BY-LAWS 1984 PART VIII FIRE ALARMS, FIRE EXTINGUISHMENT AND FIRE FIGHTING ACCESS. Section 155 (1) The fire mode of operation shall be initiated by a signal from the fire alarm panel which may be activated automatically by one of the alarm devices in the building or manually. Section 237 (1) Fire alarms shall be provided in accordance with the Tenth Schedule to these By-laws. (2) All premises and buildings with gross floor area excluding car park and storage area exceeding 9290 square meters or exceeding 30.5 meters in height shall be provided with a two-stage alarm system with evacuation (continues signal) to be given immediately in the affected section of the premises while an alert (intermittent signal) be given in adjoining section. (3) Provision shall be made for the general evacuation of the premises by action of a master control.

conclusion: The fire alarm system used in Encorp Strand Garden Office complies with the UBBL 1984 requirements listed under Section 155 (1) and Section 237.

2.0 FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM HANEY MARSYA

2. 5. 4 FIREMAN SWITCH The fireman switch is a specialized switch. It is a switch-disconnector or isolator. The enclosure is made of a fire resistant material. The fireman switch is painted red so that it can be easily spotted in the event of fire. It allows firefighters to disconnect power from high voltage systems quickly as they may be a threat to lives. The operating handle is designed in a way that a fireman hook or axe may be used to switch off.

In Encorp Strand Garden Office, the fireman switches can be found in the emergency staircases. There are two fireman switches in each emergency staircase.

2. 5. 5 emergency voice communication system The emergency voice communication system, also known as EVC allows firefighters and others to communicate with each other in the event of fire. It also allows voice communication between a central control point and other points in the building. The system also helps people who may have difficulties negotiating the evacuation route. The emergency voice communication systems in Encorp Strand Garden Office can be found throughout the building. They can be found in the emergency staircases, the fire pump room, as well as the lift lobbies.

2.0 FIRE PROTECTIONÂ SYSTEM HANEY MARSYA

regulations: UNIFORM BUILDING BY-LAWS 1984 PART VIII FIRE ALARMS, FIRE EXTINGUISHMENT AND FIRE FIGHTING ACCESS. Section 239 There shall be two separate approved continuously electrically supervised voice communications systems, one a fire brigade communications system and the other a public address system between the central control station and the following areas: (a) Lifts, lift lobbies, corridors and staircase; (b) In every office area exceeding 92.9 square meters in area; (c) In each dwelling unit and hotel guest room where the fire brigade system may be combined with the public address system.

conclusion: The emergency voice communication system used in Encorp Strand Garden Office complies with the UBBL 1984 requirements listed under Section 239.

2.0 FIRE PROTECTIONÂ SYSTEM HANEY MARSYA

2. 5.Â 6 manual pull stations Manual pull stations are usually wall mounted. When activated, they will initiate an alarm on the fire alarm system. Manual pull stations requires human intervention in order to start it. When it is reset, it sends informations to the control panel to inform about the condition. In Encorp Strand Garden Office, the manual pull stations can be found in the lift lobbies.

2. 5.Â 7 smoke detectors Smoke detectors are devices that detects the presence of smoke and will automatically give off a warning in the form of noise. The smoke detectors must be mounted and screwed to the ceiling as that is where smoke heads in the event of fire. The detector has slits around its case which leads to the main detection chamber. An infrared light beam shoots into the chamber from an LED. The same chamber contains a photocell, which is an electronic light detector that generates electricity when light falls on it. When there is no smoke present, the light beam from the LED will not reach the detector. The electronic circuit of the smoke detector monitors the photocell. When no fire is present, the alarm will remain silent. When a fire is present, smoke will enter the chamber and scatter some light beams into the photocell. This action will trigger the circuit, setting off the alarm to alert tenants. In Encorp Strand Garden Office, the smoke detectors can be found throughout the building. They too, are mounted on the ceilings on the building.

2.0 FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM HANEY MARSYA

regulations: UNIFORM BUILDING BY-LAWS 1984 PART VIII FIRE ALARMS, FIRE EXTINGUISHMENT AND FIRE FIGHTING ACCESS. Section 225 (1) Every building shall be provided with means of detecting and extinguishing fire and alarms together with illuminated exit sign in accordance with the requirements as specified in the Tenth Schedule to these By-Laws.

conclusion: The smoke detector system in Encorp Strand Garden Office complies with the UBBL 1984 requirements listed under Section 225 (1). As stated, the smoke detectors can be found on the ceiling throughout the building.

2. 6 smoke control system Smoke control system is another important component of active fire protection system. It helps redirecting hazardous smoke and fumes in the event of fire. A smoke control system will keep the smoke away from evacuation routes and makes entrances easier to access by the fire brigade when fire and smoke is present.

2. 6. 1 supply ventilation system Smoke spill fans are used as a ventilation system in case of fire when the polluted air needs to be ventilated outside. These fans helps extract smoke and releases it in the environment. In Encorp Strand Garden Office, the smoke spill system is used and the vents can be found in the lift lobbies as well as the emergency staircases.

2.0 FIRE PROTECTIONÂ SYSTEM HANEY MARSYA 1) LIFT LOBBY pressurization system

The vents above can be found in the lift lobbies. They are located next to the lifts.

2) STAIRCASE pressurization system

The vents above can be found in the emergency staircases. There are two vents on the wall and there are two more vents on the ceiling.

2.0 FIRE PROTECTIONÂ SYSTEM HANEY MARSYA

In the event of fire, the smoke will be absorbed by the vents. They will then go through the ductworks which can be seen in the carparks. The smoke from the fire will be distributed and released into the atmosphere outside.

regulations: UNIFORM BUILDING BY-LAWS 1984 PART VIII FIRE ALARMS, FIRE EXTINGUISHMENT AND FIRE FIGHTING ACCESS. Section 249 In windowless buildings, underground structures and large area factories, smoke venting facilities shall be provided for the safe use of exit. Section 250 (1) Natural draught smoke venting shall utilize roof vents or vents in walls at or near the ceiling level. (2) Such vents shall normally be in open positions of if they are closed they shall be so designed to open automatically by an approved means in the event of a fire. Section 251 Where smoke venting facilities are installed for purposes of exit safety in accordance with the requirements of this Part they shall be adequate to prevent dangerous accumulation of smoke during the period of time necessary to evacuate the area served using available exit facilities with a margin of safety to allow for unforeseen contingencies.

2.0 FIRE PROTECTIONÂ SYSTEM HANEY MARSYA Section 202 All staircases serving buildings of more than 45.75 meters in height where there is no adequate ventilation as required shall be provided with a basic system of pressurization. (a) Where the air capacity of the fan shall be sufficient to maintain an air flow of not less than 60 meters per minute through the doors which are deemed to be open; (b) Where the number of doors which are deemed to be opened at the one time shall be 10% of the total number of doors opening into the staircase with a minimum number of two doors open; (c) Where with all the doors closed the air pressure differential between the staircases and the areas served by it shall not exceed 5 millimeters water gauge; (d) Where the mechanical system to prevent smoke from entering the staircase shall be automatically activated by a suitable heat detecting device, manual or automatic alarm or automatic wet pipe sprinkle system; (e) Which meets the functional requirements as may be agreed with the D.G.F.S Section 197 (1) Protected lobbies shall be provided to serve staircases in buildings exceeding 18 meters above ground level where the staircase enclosures are not ventilated through external walls. (2) In buildings exceeding 45 meters above ground level, such protected lobbies shall be pressurized to meet the requirements of Section 7 of the Australian Standard 1668, Part 11974 or any other system meeting the functional requirements of the D.G .F .S. 61 (3) Protected lobbies may be omitted if the staircase enclosures are pressurized to meet the requirements of by-law 200.

conclusion: The smoke system, the stairwell pressurization system as well as the lift lobby pressurization system used in Encorp Strand Garden Office complies with the UBBL 1984 requirements listed under Section 249, 250, 251, 202 and 197.

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2. 7 introduction to passive fire protection system Passive fire protection system, also known as PFP system, is an essential component of the fire protection system. The system attempts to compartmentalize a building through the use of fire-resistant walls and foors. The purpose of having passive fire protection system includes providing enough time to enable tenants or users to evacuate the building safely, protecting building properties from total loss, ensuring the structural integrity of the building as well as helping to prevent fire from spreading from one to another building.

2. 8 means of escape There are a few means of escaping and evacuating the building in the event of fire. This includes evacuation routes, fire exits, knowing the fire escape plans, emergency exit signages, and many more.

2. 8. 1 evacuation routes Evacuation routes are ways to escape and get out of a building in the event of an emergency, such as fire. In Encorp Strand Garden Office, there are 10 floors including the three parking floors (P1, P2 and P3). There are two types of evacuation routes, horizontal exits and vertical exits.

- horizontal exit escape route

2.0 FIRE PROTECTIONÂ SYSTEM HANEY MARSYA According to the technician of Encorp Strand Garden Office, in times of emergency where evacuating the building must take place, tenants must head down to the carparks and eventually they will find a way to get out of the premise. In order to evacuate the building, the emergency staircases will play a vital role as pressurization system is installed and therefore, it is used to escape the building in emergency situations. The emergency staircases also acts as a vertical exit.

There are two sets of easily accessible emergency staircases on each floor of the building. There are two flights of staircases on each floor in each set. For every flight of staircase, there are 10 steps. The measurement of the thread of the staircase is 255mm and its riser is 60mm.

evacuation route distance: a

The travel distance between points A to point B is approximately 10m

b a

2.0 FIRE PROTECTIONÂ SYSTEM HANEY MARSYA

regulations: UNIFORM BUILDING BY-LAWS 1984 PART VII FIRE REQUIREMENTS Section 165 Measurement of travel distance to exits. (1) The travel distance to an exit shall be measured on the floor or other walking surface along the centre line of the natural path of travel, starting 0.300 metre from the most remote point of occupancy, curving around any corners or obstructions with 0.300 metre clearance therefrom and ending at the storey exit. Where measurement include stairs, it shall be taken in the plane of the trend noising. (4) The maximum travel distances to exits and dead end limits shall be as specified in the Seventh Schedule of these By-laws. Section 168 (2) Staircases shall be of such width that in the event of any one staircase not being available for escape purposes the remaining staircases shall accomodate the highest occupancy load of any one floor discharging into it calculated in accordance with provisions in the Seventh Schedule to these By-laws. (4) The required width of a staircase shall be maintained throughout its length including at landings. (5) Doors giving access to staircases shall be so positioned that their swing shall at no point encroach on the required width of the staircase or landing. UNIFORM BUILDING BY-LAWS 1984 Part VI CONSTRUCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS Section 106 Dimension of staircases. (1) In any staircase, the rise of any staircase shall be not more than 180 millimetres and the tread shall be not less than 255 millimetres and the dimensions of the rise and the tread shall be uniform and consistent throughout. This dimension should be uniform and consistent throughout.

conclusion: The evacuation route of Encorp Strand Garden Office complies with the UBBL 1984 requirements listed under Section 165, 168 and 106. According to the Seventh Schedule, maximum travel distance for office with dead-end limit is 15m. Therefore, it complies to the Seventh Schedule.

2.0 FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM HANEY MARSYA

2. 8. 2 fire escape plan

In Encorp Strand Garden Office, the fire escape plans can be found on every floor. It can be found in the lift lobbies in between of the two lifts.

2. 8. 3 emergency exit signage In Encorp Strand Garden Office, the emergency exit signages can be found at the entrance of the emergency staircases, on every floor. The signages helps to guide and direct occupants to the nearest fire exit in the event of fire. The signages are lit up so that they can be easily seen in the event of fire where smoke is also present. Although power outage will be lost, it will still light up as it is powered by a battery backup system.

2. 8. 4 assembly point According to the technician of Encorp Strand Garden Office, in times of emergency where evacuating the building must take place, tenants must head down to the carparks and eventually they will find a way to get out of the premise. As of now, there are still no official assembly points as the management is still in the process of making one.

2.0 FIRE PROTECTIONÂ SYSTEM HANEY MARSYA

regulations: UNIFORM BUILDING BY-LAWS 1984 PART VII FIRE REQUIREMENT Section 172 Emergency Exit Signs (1) Storey exits and access to such exits shall be marked by readily visible signs and shall not be obscured byany decorations, furnishings or other equipment. (2) A sign reading "KELUAR" with an arrow indicating the direction shall be placed in every location where the direction of travel to reach the nearest exit is not immediately apparent. (3) Every exit sign shall have the word "KELUAR" in plainly legible letters not less than 150 millimetres high with the principal strokes of the letters not less than 18 millimetres wide. The lettering shall be in red against a black background. (4) All exit signs shall be illuminated continuously during periods of occupancy. (5) Illuminated signs shall be provided with two electric lamps of not less than fifteen watts each. Section 178 Exits for institutional and places for assembly. In buildings classified as institutional or places of assembly, exits to a street or large open space, together with staircases, corridors and passages leading to such exits shall be located, separated or protected as to avoid any undue danger to the occupants of the place of assembly from fire originating in the other occupancy or smoke therefrom. Section 179 Classification of places of assembly. Each place of assembly shall be classified according to its. capacity as follows: CLASS A - Capacity 1000 persons or more CLASS B - Capacity 300 to 1000 persons CLASS C - Capacity 100 to 300 persons

conclusion: The emergency exit signs of Encorp Strand Garden Office complies with the UBBL 1984 requirements listed under Section 172. However, the assembly point does not comply with the UBBL 1984 as Encorp Strand Garden Office does not have an assembly point yet.

2.0 FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM HANEY MARSYA

2. 9 passive containment Passive containment includes compartmentation, shaft opening control, lobby and stairs enclosure, flame containment and structural fire protection.

2. 9. 1 compartmentation Compartmentation is the act of dividing the building into a smaller components. Compartmentalizing the building helps to slow down or prevent the spread of fire and smoke from room to room. In this case, the building was divided into three parts on every level and the two sets of emergency staircases.

regulations: UNIFORM BUILDING BY-LAWS 1984 PART VII FIRE REQUIREMENTS Section 189 Enclosing means of escape in certain buildings. (1) Every staircase provided under these By-laws in a building of four storeys or more, or in a building where the highest escape floor level is more than 1200 millimetres above the ground level or in any place of assembly, or in any school when such staircase is to be used as an alternative means of escape shall be enclosed throughout its length with fire resisting materials. Section 139 Separation of fire risk areas. The following areas or uses shall be separated from the other areas of the occupancy in which they are located by fire resisting construction of elements of structure of a FRP to be determined by the local authority based on the degree of fire hazard: a) boiler rooms and associated fuel storage areas; (b) laundries; (c) repair shops involving hazardous processes and materials; (d) storage areas of materials in quantities deemed hazardous; (e) liquefied petroleum gas storage areas; (f) linen room (g) transformer rooms and substations; (h) flammable liquids stores.

conclusion: The compartmentation of Encorp Strand Garden Office complies with the UBBL 1984 requirements listed under Section 189 and 139.

2.0 FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM HANEY MARSYA

2. 9. 2 Flame containment 1) fire rated door

The fire rated doors at Encorp Strand Garden Office are used for the entrances of the emergency staircases. There are hinges installed on the doors, therefore, they will be automatically closed. The use of fire rated doors are so that they prevent fire from spreading to the emergency staircases, which acts as the evacuation route. They help eliminate fire by restricting oxygen flow. The type of fire rated doors used at site is single leaf. Its rating is one hour.

2. 9. 3 structural fire protection Having fire resistant materials in building a structure is important. It prevents structural failures that can lead to collapse of building in the event of fire. At Encorp Strand Garden Office, the structures are made of fireproof materials. Concrete is widely used at site. When the structures that are fireproof designed properly, the exposure of fire will not affect the structure at all or just minimal maintainence is needed.

2.0 FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM HANEY MARSYA

2. 9. 4 fire fighting access Fire fighting access is also another important component of passive fire protection system. Without fire fighting access, it would be very challenging for the fire brigade to access the building to do their job when fire breaks out. The fire fighting access allows the fire brigade to carry out their job efficiently and conveniently.

1) fire fighting staircase At Encorp Strand Garden Office, in the event of fire, the fire brigade has to use the emergency staircases. There are no specific sets of staircases that they can use.

2) fire fighting lift There is one fire fighting lift on every floor at Encorp Strand Garden Office. When fire breaks out, the fire brigade are able to take control of the fire fighting lift. The lifts are equipped with controls that can be used to control the fire and or rescue lives.

- fire control room

2.0 FIRE PROTECTIONÂ SYSTEM HANEY MARSYA

- fire fighter access

2.0 FIRE PROTECTIONÂ SYSTEM HANEY MARSYA

regulations: UNIFORM BUILDING BY-LAWS 1984 PART VIII FIRE ALARMS, FIRE EXTINGUISHMENT AND FIRE FIGHTING ACCESS. Section 229 Means of Access and Fire Fighting in buildings over 18.3 metres height (1) Buildings in which is the topmost floor is more than 18 metres above fire appliance access level shall be provided with means of gaining access and fighting fire from within the building consisting of fire fighting access lobbies, fire fighting staircases, fire lifts and dry or wet rising systems. (2) Fire fighting access lobbies shall be provided at every floor level and shall be so located that the level distance from the furthermost point of the floor does not exceed 45.75 metres. (3) Fire fighting access lobbies may be omitted if the fire fighting staircase is pressurized to meet the requirements of by-law 200 and all fire fighting installation within the pressurized staircase enclosure do not intrude into the clear space required for means of egress. (4) A fire fighting staircase shall be provided to give direct access to each fire fighting access lobby and shall be directly accessible from outside the building at fire appliance access level. This may be one of the staircases required as a means of egress from the building. (5) A fire lift shall be provided to give access to each fire fighting access lobby or in the absence of a lobby to the fire fighting staircase at each floor level. (6) The fire lift shall discharge direction into the fire fighting access lobby fire fighting staircase or shall be connected to it by a protected corridor.

conclusion: The fire fighting access of Encorp Strand Garden Office complies with the UBBL 1984 requirements listed under Section 229.

3.0 air conditioning system

3.0Â AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM AIZZAT HAKIM

3.1 Â INTRODUCTION TO AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM This research will discuss regarding the thermal comfort of our chosen case study, Encorp State Garden Office. Throughout this research, we are able to identify and understand the functions and the benefits of air conditioning system in a building and how it can affect the thermal comfort. Thermal comfort of certain building can be achieved if it based by the Malaysian Standard (MS1525) and Uniform Building By Law (UBBL). The main function of an air conditioning system is mainly to produce cool ventilation inside the building which is the process of taking the heat out from certain spaces and allow chilled air to comes in. The main process that was involved is where the circulation of air is drawn into the condenser containing refrigerant gas. This circulation have three stages where the first one would be when the evaporator carry the secondary cooled refrigerant passing through to allow the cooled air into the spaces. Therefore, the air conditioner system are capable of making the indoor air cold and releasing the hot air outside. Based on our studies, we only identified one type of air conditioner that were used in Encorp State Garden Office which is split system air conditioner. Split air conditioner consists of two main parts which is the outdoor unit and the indoor unit. The outdoor unit is installed based on the position that you were intended to install the air conditioner. The outdoor unit made up by three components which is the compressor, condenser coil and the expansion coil or capillary tubing. Meanwhile the indoor unit contains the cooling coil, a long blower and an air filter.

3. 2 literature review The literature review will explained regarding on how the components works from collecting the heat from outside and turn it into a cooled air. This review is to provide knowledge in details, on how the split system air conditioner works. Air conditioning is a process of removing heat and replace with a cool air to provide comfort to the occupant in Encorp State Garde Office. This process are mainly to improve the thermal comfort and indoor air quality of the spaces. Air condition can also refer to any devices that converting hot air to a cooler air. The main functions of having air conditioner is to make sure that the internal spaces are more comfortable than the exterior spaces. Beside that, They can also alter the temperature of the air, circulation and also quality of air within the spaces.

3.0Â AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM AIZZAT HAKIM

Encorp Strand Garden Office manage to figure out on how to concealed the outdoor unit in order to preserve the looks of the building. In order for them to avoid the outdoor unit ruins the exterior view, they covered the compressor with a metal vents where it is located along the middle part of the office.

3.0Â AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM AIZZAT HAKIM

3. 3 diagram below shows how air conditioning operates: COMPRESSOR

EVAPORATOR

CONDENSER

EXPANSION VALVE

INDOOR UNIT

OUTDOOR UNIT

3.0Â AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM AIZZAT HAKIM

3. 4 The components of air conditioner that were used in Encorp State Garden office will be studied based on the following orders: OUTDOOR: 1)Â COMPRESSOR The compressor is most important part of the any air conditioner. Its main function is to compresses the refrigerant and increases the pressure before sending it to the condenser. Meanwhile, theres various size of the compressor which depends on the size of the air conditioning load. Most of the domestic split air conditioners is using the sealed type of compressor. These kind of compressors, the motor used to drive the shaft is located inside the sealed unit and it cant be seen from the exterior. External power has to be supplied to the compressor, which will allow the compressor to compress the refrigerant which produce a lot of heat in the compressor which somehow need to be removed.

2) CONDENSER The condenser of the outdoor unit of split air conditioners is the coiled copper tubing with one or more rows which is depending on the size of the air conditioning unit and also the compressor. The greater the tonnage of the air conditioner the greater the number of coils and rows. The high temperature and high pressure refrigerant that were produced by the compressor comes in the condenser where it has to flow out the heat. The tubing is made up of copper since its one of the best conductor of heat. The condenser is also covered with the aluminium fins so that the heat from the refrigerant can be removed at more faster rate.

3.0Â AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM AIZZAT HAKIM

3) CONDENSER COOLING FAN The heat that were produced in the compressor has to be thrown out, if not the compressor will get too hot and will burn the coils which leads to complete breakdown of the compressor and the whole air conditioner system. Thatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s is the main reason why the refrigerant within the condenser coil has to be cooled so that after expansion its temperature become low enough to produce the cooling effect. The condenser cooling fan consist of three or four blades that is driven by a motor. The cooling fan is located in front of the compressor and the condenser coil. As the fan rotate, it absorbs the surrounding air from the open space and blows it over the compressor and the condenser, thus cooling them. The hot air is thrown back to the open space and the circulation of air continues flowing.

3.0Â AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM AIZZAT HAKIM 4) EXPANSION VALVE The expansion valve is usually a copper capillary tubing with few rounds of coils. In the split air conditioners of bigger capacities thermostatic expansion valve is used which is operated automatically. Hence, the high pressure and medium temperature refrigerant will leave the condenser and flows through the expansion valve, where its temperature and pressure will drops suddenly.

INDOOR UNIT: 5) EVAPORATOR COIL The evaporator coil is a copper coil made of number turns of the copper tubing with one or more rows depending on the capacity of the air conditioning system. The cooling coil is covered with the aluminium fins so that the amount of heat that can be transfer from the coil to the room is greater. The low pressure and temperature of refrigerant will enter the cooling coil. Then, the blower will absorb the hot room air, which the air passes over the cooling coil which flow to the cooling of the air. This air is then blown to the room where the cooling effect has to be produced. The air, after producing the cooling effect is again sucked by the blower and the process of cooling the room continues. After some time absorbing the heat from the room air, the refrigerant will gain some heat in the evaporating coil and it flows back through the return copper tubing to the compressor inside the outdoor unit. The refrigerant tubing will replace the refrigerant from the outdoor unit to the indoor unit and that supplying the refrigerant from indoor unit to the outdoor unit

3.0Â AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM AIZZAT HAKIM

AIR FILTER The air filter played an important part of the indoor unit. It filtered out all the dirt particles from the room air and helps supplying clean, fresh air to the room. The air filter used in the split system air conditioner is placed just before the cooling coil. When the blower sucks the hot room air, it will pass through the air filter and then to the cooling coil. Thus the clean, cool air is supplied into the room by the blower.

6) COOLING FAN Inside the indoor unit there is also a blower that sucks the atmospheric air. It is an induced type of blower and while is sucks the room air it is passed through the cooling coil and the filter so that it can reduce the temperature and filter out the dirt. The blower sucks the hot and unclean air from the room and supplies cool and clean air back into the room. The shaft of the blower rotates inside the bushes and it is connected to a small multiple speed motor, therefore the speed of the blower can be changed. The speed of the fan can be changed using the remote.

3.0Â AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM AIZZAT HAKIM 7) DRAIN PIPE Because of the refrigerant in the coiling coil become too cold which is usually below the dew point temperature of the room air, water vapour started to be produced. When the room air is passed over the cooling due the suction force of the blower, the temperature of the air becomes very low and reaches levels below its dew point temperature. Due to this the water vapour present in the air, the air started to gets condensed and water drops are formed on the surface of the cooling coil. These water drops fall off the cooling coil and are collected in a small space inside the indoor unit. To remove the water from this space the drain pipe is connected from this space extending to some external place outside the room where water can be disposed off. Therefore, the drain pipe helps removing dew water collected inside the indoor unit. In order to remove the water efficiently the indoor unit has to be a tilted by a very small angle of about 2 to 3 degrees so that the water can be collected in the space can be drained out.

BENEFITS OF SPLIT SYSTEM AIR CONDITIONER: Reduce the noise made by the compressor as it is located outside from the spaces Reduce loss of energy Improved efficiency of energy Cheaper than most of the other type of air conditioner Provide climate control Easy installation Great Flexibility

4.0 mechanical ventilation SYSTEM andika setiabudi

4.1 introduction to mechanical ventilation SYSTEM 1. Denition of Mechanical Ventilation Systems Mechanical ventilation systems are used to provide fresh air and prevent moisture, odours, airborne chemicals and other pollutants to build up within a building. The systems supply and/ or remove air by means of mechanical devices such as fans, rather than relying on airflow through small holes or cracks in a building’s walls, roof, or windows. 2. Importance of Mechanical Ventilation Systems Preservation and evacuation of O2 and CO2 content individually Prevention of warmth fixations from mechanical machines, lighting and building tenants Dilution and dispersal of groupings of microscopic organisms and contaminants, for example, smoke, clean gases and stenches Control of dampness for human comfort

4.1. 2 TYPES OF MECHANICAL VENTILATION SYSTEMS 1) Extract Ventilation System Supply ventilation frameworks enable outside air to be drawn into a working through an air "intake" vent and to be conveyed to different spaces by fan and channel frameworks. At times, the outside air will be aerated and cooled or dehumidified before it is brought into the building. As the framework persistently presents open air, a space can turn out to be somewhat pressurized.

NEW FRESH AIR NORMAL TEMPERATURE + PRESSURE

4.0 mechanical ventilation SYSTEM andika setiabudi 2) Exhaust Ventilation System Exhaust ventilation system capacity to displace indoor air to the outside condition by methods for mechanical concentrates. As indoor air is ceaselessly drawn out, the building's space turns out to be somewhat depressurized. The kind of framework is broadly utilized as a part of kitchens, toilets and storm cellars as these spaces are frequently defiled and require consistent and unsurprising extraction of air.

HEAT AIR FLOW

SMOKE FIRE

AIR FLOW

PRESSURE

4. 2 CASE STUDY: ENCORP STRAND GARDEN OFFICE 1. Extract system ventilation in ENCORP STRAND Garden Office • Car Park Ductworks & Ventilation

2. Exhaust system ventilation in ENCORP Garden Office • Car Park Ductworks & Ventilation • Stairwell Pressurization system • Lift Lobby Pressurization system

4.0 mechanical ventilation SYSTEM andika setiabudi

4. 2. 1 SUPPLY VENTILATION SYSTEM 1. Car Park Extract System The Extract fans are Identified from the size of the end of the ducting which bigger than exhaust ducting. ¬¬The Car park have chosen for individual extract fans. The construction of the ductworks and the position of the fans are facing the most natural air to the building and having more air circulation/resource into the building in ENCROP Garden car parking area.

Position relative to axial fans where the positive air through inside and directly to the middle of area and then exhaust system would be bringing negative pressure to outside to create balance pressure of the car park.

LOCATION

4.0Â mechanical ventilationÂ SYSTEM andika setiabudi

COMPONENTS: 1) Axial Inline Fan Axial Inline fan where the connected between the ductworks and located close by the end of ductworks to extracted new air from outside and effectively.

2) DUCTWORKS The bigger size has been using to have more spaces from extracting natural air and advance to the car park area.

Ductworks used to deliver the air flow from fan and directly to specific area and extract the air from grills filter to letting fresh air went inside.

4.0 mechanical ventilation SYSTEM andika setiabudi 3) AIR FILTER This system have the new air inside. It’s basic function is to clean the air that circulates through your heating and cooling system from Dust, dirt, bacteria, hair, animal fur, and etc.

4) HOOD Hood are stand as entrances of natural air and lead to filter air and pass through the area where the ductwork places.

4.0Â mechanical ventilationÂ SYSTEM andika setiabudi

regulations: UNIFORM BUILDING BY-LAWS 1984 PART VIII FIRE ALARMS, FIRE EXTINGUISHMENT AND FIRE FIGHTING ACCESS. Section 249 In windowless buildings, underground structures and large area factories, smoke venting facilities shall be provided for the safe use of exit. Third schedule 7. (1) Basement and other enclosures below ground level used for working areas or for occupancy of more than two hours duration shall be provided with mechanical ventilation having a minimum of six air changes per hour. (2) Basement or underground car parks shall be provided with mechanical ventilation such that the air exhausted to the external atmosphere should constitute not less than six air changes per hour. Air extract opening shall be arranged such that it is not less than 0.5 metres above the floor level period system. (3) Basement and other enclosures below ground level used for working areas or for occupancy of more than two hours' duration shall be provided with a minimum of one fresh air change per hour, or the minimum of 0.28 cm per person working in such area

conclusion: The Extract ventilation system in Encorp Garden Office complies with the UBBL 1984 requirements listed under Section 249 The Extract ventilation system are capable for car parking area.

4.0 mechanical ventilation SYSTEM andika setiabudi

4. 2. 2 EXHAUST VENTILATION SYSTEMS 1. Car Park ExHAUST System The Exhaust system ventilation in car park has been installed to overall car park areas. Which has same function as extract system but in opposite ways, this exhaust fans bringing more negative pressure to balancing temperature the space.

LOCATION

4.0 mechanical ventilation SYSTEM andika setiabudi

COMPONENTS: 1) Axial Inline Fan The exhaust fan working as maximum of speed in overall time, it causing the fans doesn’t have a centralize control room which only indicator light control.

2) RECTANGULAR DUCTWORKS (PRIMARY) The primary has a bigger size and space for more air deliver and remove air.

3) RECTANGULAR DUCTWORKS (SECONDARY) The secondary located mostly in the middle of area because the power of the fan have a composition of ductworks spaces and range.

4.0 mechanical ventilation SYSTEM andika setiabudi 4) CONTROL ROOM The indicator light shows every single fan that working and out work will able to see an signal from light of indicator room.

regulations: UNIFORM BUILDING BY-LAWS 1984 PART VIII FIRE ALARMS, FIRE EXTINGUISHMENT AND FIRE FIGHTING ACCESS. Section 249 In windowless buildings, underground structures and large area factories, smoke venting facilities shall be provided for the safe use of exit. Third schedule 7. (1) Basement and other enclosures below ground level used for working areas or for occupancy of more than two hours duration shall be provided with mechanical ventilation having a minimum of six air changes per hour. (2) Basement or underground car parks shall be provided with mechanical ventilation such that the air exhausted to the external atmosphere should constitute not less than six air changes per hour. Air extract opening shall be arranged such that it is not less than 0.5 metres above the floor level period system. (3) Basement and other enclosures below ground level used for working areas or for occupancy of more than two hours' duration shall be provided with a minimum of one fresh air change per hour, or the minimum of 0.28 cm per person working in such area

conclusion: The Extract ventilation system in Encorp Strand Garden Office complies with the UBBL 1984 requirements listed under Section 249 The Extract ventilation system are capable for car parking area.

4.0 mechanical ventilation SYSTEM andika setiabudi 2. Stairwell Pressurization System The building has more than fifteen floors and built of ventilation on top of the ceiling and mini two ventilation on walls.

LOCATION

4.0 mechanical ventilation SYSTEM andika setiabudi

COMPONENTS: 1) Air intake Grille Large axial smoke spill fans are used to extract stale air from the car park by creating negative pressure areas at the end of ductworks

2) GRILL FRAME Mini Ventilation placed where it end of stairwell and connected to outside the wall, it mostly used in bathroom or kitchen.

4.0Â mechanical ventilationÂ SYSTEM andika setiabudi 3) DUCTWORKS Located on top of lift and stairecase with axial fan inside and extracting of air pressure from all of lift lobby.

regulations: UNIFORM BUILDING BY-LAWS 1984 PART VII FIRE REQUIREMENTS Section 202 All staircases serving buildings of more than 45.75 meters in height where there is no adequate ventilation as required shall be provided with a basic system of pressurization. (a) where the air capacity of the fan shall be sufficient to maintain an air flow of not less than 60 meters per minute through the doors which are deemed to be open; (b) where the number of doors which are deemed to be opened at the one time shall be 10% of the total number of doors opening into the staircase with a minimum number of two doors open; (c) where with all the doors closed the air pressure differential between the staircases and the areas served by it shall not exceed 5 millimeters water gauge; (d) where the mechanical system to prevent smoke from entering the staircase shall be automatically activated by a suitable heat detecting device, manual or automatic alarm or automatic wet pipe sprinkle system;

conclusion: The stairwell pressurize system in Encorp Strand Garden Office are filled of list requirements with the UBBL 1984 requirements listed under Section 202 The Extract ventilation system are capable for car parking area.

4.0 mechanical ventilation SYSTEM andika setiabudi 2. LIFT LOBBY SYSTEM The building has more than fifteen floors and built of ventilation on top of the ceiling and mini two ventilation on walls.

WOLF RIA

LOCATION

4.0 mechanical ventilation SYSTEM andika setiabudi

COMPONENTS: 1) Air intake Grille Every single lift lobby has the air intake grill which next to the lift entrances it constructed as a ductwork inside the wall which won’t be able to see from outside.

2) Axial Exhaust fan It shows the Mech Vent exhaust of the lobby pressurize system have the air directly from ground to highest floor. Which the exhaust fan has two extracting air which is from stair well case and lift lobby from the heating or pressure.

4.0 mechanical ventilation SYSTEM andika setiabudi

regulations: UNIFORM BUILDING BY-LAWS 1984 PART VII FIRE REQUIREMENTS Section 197 (1) Protected lobbies shall be provided to serve staircases in buildings exceeding 18 meters above ground level where the staircase enclosures are not ventilated through external walls. (2) In buildings exceeding 45 meters above ground level, such protected lobbies shall be pressurized to meet the requirements of Section 7 of the Australian Standard 1668, Part 11974 or any other system meeting the functional requirements of the D.G .F .S. (3) Protected lobbies may be omitted if the staircase enclosures are pressurized to meet the requirements of by-law 200.

conclusion: The lift lobby pressurized in Encorp Strand Garden Office complies with the UBBL 1984 requirements listed under Section 197 The pressurized system are acceptable for Lift lobby system.

4. 3 conclusion In conclusion, the mechanical system of ventilation is approved by the equipment and requirements of UBBL 1984, and Encorp Strand Garden office has provided an operational building with comfortable places and safe from any hazards such as fire and smoke. The lift and stairwell pressurization system requires maintenance to improve its operations. The temperature need to consider for humanity spaces. But, the main purpose is to have a suitable area and economical system and possibily maximise the use of natural ventilation of Encorp Strand Garden Office. Afterall, natural ventilation has more benefits.

5.0 vertical transportation system

72 6

5.0Â vertical transportation system chifundo sapuwa

5.0.1Â introduction to vertical transportation system Mechanical Transportation is a mechanical system which moves people and goods vertically or horizontally, effortlessly and effectively. There are different types of mechanical transportation each works in a different ways and serve the buildings in a different way. There are four types of mechanical transportation; elevator/lift, escalators, travelators and paternoster.

5.0.2 Literature Review The use of mechanical transportation is to transport people and goods from one place to another using machines and not human/animal power. This system is design to move loads in a short time and efficient manner. High rise buildings are required to provide mechanical transportation. This is to improve circulation through the building and also for elderly and disabled to use so that ramps are minimised through the building. This is stated in the Uniform Building By Laws (UBBL).

5.1 Elevator/Lift This is a mechanical system that lifts people and goods up and down from different floors of the building. Elevators are normally grouped together for use convenience, cost efficient purposes and maintenance purposes. When they are grouped the are required to have a lobby and to be placed where they are easily located. There are different types of elevator; traction elevator, hydraulic elevator, climbing elevator, pneumatic elevator and electromagnetic propulsion. Traction elevators have two types; geared and gearless.

5.2 Types of Elevator There are various types of elevators to cater different building typologies where it can be rope dependent or rope-free.There are at least four means of moving an elevator which are traction elevators, hydraulic elevators, climbing elevators and pneumatic elevators. Traction elevators is divided into two main categories which are geared and gearless.

5.2.1 Traction Elevator Traction elevators are the most common type of elevators. Elevator cars are pulled up by means of rolling steel ropes over a deeply grooved pulley, commonly called a sheave in the industry. The weight of the car is balanced by a counterweight since 1900.

5.0Â vertical transportation system chifundo sapuwa

5.2.1.(i) Gear Geared traction machines are driven by AC or DC electric motors. Geared machines use worm gears to control mechanical movement of the elevator cars by rolling steel hoist ropes over a drive sheave which is attached to a gearbox driven by a high-speed motor. These machines are normally the best option for basement or overhead traction that use speeds up to 3 m/s.

5.2.1.(ii) Gearless Gearless traction machines are low-speed (low-RPM), high torque electric motors powered either by AC or DC. In this case, the drive sheave is directly attached to the end of the motor. Gearless traction elevators can reach speeds of up to 20 m/s. Most of the traction elevators are used in mid and high-rise applications and have much higher travel speeds than hydraulic elevators. Gearless traction elevators have a high initial cost, medium ongoing maintenance costs, and is more efficient in the usage of energy sustainablility compared to geared traction elevators.

Geared Traction Elevator (source:"Basic Elevator Components", 2013)

Gearless Traction Elevator (source:"Basic Elevator Components", 2013)

5.0Â vertical transportation system chifundo sapuwa

5.2.2 Hydraulic Elevator Hydraulic elevators are divided into 5 main subcategories which are as followed; holed and hole-less hydraulic elevators, single stage hydraulic elevators, roped hydraulic elevators and telescopic hydraulic elevators. These elevators are commonly used in low to mid-rise buildings which are up to 8 stories high with a maximum travel speed of 60 m/s. It is supported by a piston at the bottom of the elevator that pushes the elevator up as an electric motor forces oil or another hydraulic fluid into the piston. The elevator descends as a valve releases the fluid from the piston. The machine room for hydraulic elevators is located at the lowest level next to the elevator shaft. Hydraulic elevators have a low initial.

cost and lower ongoing maintenance costs. However, it consumes more energy as the electric motor works against gravity which forces hydraulic fluid into the piston. A major drawback of hydraulic elevators is that the hydraulic fluid can sometimes leak, which can cause a serious environmental hazard. The environmental risk and high energy use are two main reasons that hydraulic elevators are not being installed as often as in the past as they are not environmental friendly nor sustainable.

Hydraulic Elevator (source:"Basic Elevator Components", 2013)

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5.2.3 Climbing Elevator A climbing elevator is a self-ascending elevator with its own propulsion. The propulsion can be done by an electric or a combustion engine. Climbing elevators are usually seen at construction sites to allow easy access to parts of constructions.

5.2.4 Pneumatic Elevator The pneumatic elevator uses a vacuum on top of the car and a valve above the "shaft" to move the car upwards and closes the valve in order to keep the car at the same level. A diaphragm or a piston is used as a brake when facing a sudden increase in pressure above the car. The valve is opened to pressurised air above the shaft, allowing the car to travel downwards depending on its own weight. This also means that in case of a power failure, the car will automatically go down. Rubber seals are used to contain air within the car. The pneumatic elevator has a low capacity which can cater 1â&#x20AC;&#x201C;3 passengers up to 238 Kg and is normally used in low rise buildings.

Pneumatic elevator (source:"Basic Elevator Components", 2013)

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5.3 Case Study Our case study is based on Encorp Strand Garden Offices. This is an office building is located in Kota Damansara. It is a 10 storey tall building.

regulations: UNIFORM BUILDING BY-LAWS 1984 PART V STRUCTURAL REQUIREMENTS Section 124 Lifts For all non-residential buildings exceeding 4 storeys above or below the main access level at least one lift shall be provided.

conclusion: Encorp Strand Garden Office meets the UBBL(2013) requirement where each block has two elevator. Therefore have provided 28 elevators throughout the whole building, as the building has 14 blocks.

5.3.1 Overview The elevators used in Encorp Offices are gearless machine-roomless traction elevator. Machine-RoomLess (MRL) elevators are traction elevators that do not have a dedicated machine room above or adjacent the elevator shaft. The machine sits in the override space and is accessed from the top of the elevator car when maintenance or repairs are required. The control boxes are located in a control room that is adjacent to the elevator shaft on the highest landing within around 150 feet of the machine. MRL elevators have adequately low energy consumption compared to geared traction elevator. Type of elevator : Gearless Traction Lift ( Machine Roomless ) Brand : EITA Schneider SL PMA 34404 Max no of person : 9 Rated capacity : 615kg Rated speed : 1.0 - 1.75 m/sec

MRL Gearless Traction Elevator (source:"Basic Elevator Components", 2013)

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5.3.2 Component of System There are various components that function as a whole in ensuring the workability of the elevator to transport passengers efficiently and safely. In this case study, the components used in a gearless traction elevator system is further elaborated and explained below.

Component of System (source:"Motor Roomless Lift Msia - impremedia.net", 2017)

5.3.2.a Gearless Traction Machine i. Traction (Drive) Sheave

Gearless Traction Machine (source:"Basic Elevator Components", 2013)

A drive sheave also known as traction sheave is a metal sheave that is fixed to the motor and it has cable grooves liners in form of U or V grooves as shown in fig.#. The liner is a solid elastomeric and pressure band release materials. This enables the deformation of liner, so that it increases lateral pressure on the cable to keep the round shape. Therefore increasing the grip of the cables by the liner. Traction ropes are to elevator car and looped around the sheave. This acts like pulley with grooves around the circumference to grib the ropes. Hence the movement of the elevator car, as the sheave rotates so does the ropes and hoisting the car or counterweight.

5.0Â vertical transportation system chifundo sapuwa

U or V grooves (source:"Basic Elevator Components", 2013)

ii. Secondary Sheave This is sheave is used in gearless elevator and is found under the machine and traction sheave. It also has grooves that pass the cables and hoist the elevator car or counterweight.

iii. BakesÂ Traction machines are designed with mechanical brakes. These are designed to stop the elevator and hold the elevator in place in case of emergency. For a MRL machines the bakes also work as overspeeding governor.

5.3.2.b Control Panel The control panel is found on the top most floor on the side of the elevator. As it is a MRL.

control panel (source: Chifundo, 2018)

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5.3.2.c Elevator Shaft This is a hollow vertical passageway in the building that enables the elevator to move from one floor to another. The shaft consist of same of the following components suspension ropes, counterweight, guide rails and more.

i. Suspension Ropes These are hoisting means for the car and counterweight, which are steel wire ropes. These are attached to the crosshead and extend all the way the traction sheave on the motor and the down to the counterweight.

Suspension Ropes (source: "BS / JIS 8x19 Steel Galvanized Elevator Wire Rope Traction Suspension", 2015)

ii. Counterweight A tracked weight that is suspend from the cables and moves in it own guide rails along the shaft way walls. Counterweight is used to balance the elevator car by being equal to the carâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s dead weight and 40% of the rated load. It help to reduce the consumption of power for moving the elevator. As the motor just has to hosit either one the elevator car and counterweight, In Encorp the counterweight is placed on the side of the elevator car.

Counterweight (source: Chifundo, 2018)

5.0 vertical transportation system chifundo sapuwa • Top Part Assembly Consists of a 4mm main bent sheet metal and 8mm hitch plate for ropes attachment which is drilled according to holes pattern affected by ropes size and quantity. • Bottom Part Assembly Consists of two halves made of 4mm steel which is screw and connected using a vertical profile with buffer plate welded to one of the two halves. The buffer plate is made of 8mm sheet metal. • Vertical Profile Consists of U-shaped, bent sheet metal components. The vertical profiles are screwed to the upper and bottom parts. The fillers can be inserted through the side cut in the vertical profile. • Filler Weights Filler weights are made of cast iron. The length of fillers depends on the counterweight size and gauge. • Guide Shoes The counterweight has a separate guide rails which prevent it from twisting or colliding with other components in the lift.

iii. Guide Railing This are steel tracks in the form of “T” shape that run the length of shaft passage way, round or formed sections with guiding surface to guide the direction of the elevator car and counterweight should travel. Guide rails for both the elevator car and counterweight are fixed to the hoistway. The only differences is that car rails are steel brackets and counterweight are side steel brackets.

(source:"Basic Elevator Components", 2013)

5.0Â vertical transportation system chifundo sapuwa iv. Landing Door These doors are the doors seen on the floor of the building is known as the outer doors or hoistway doors. Landing doors are part of the buildings landing which are dependent on elevator carâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s doors. The door can be opened and closed by electric motor or manually in case of emergency. Safety features are placed on each landing to prevent landing doors from accidentally opening and to prevent the elevator car from moving until landing doors are closed and locked into position. The difference between the elevator car door and landing door is that the car moves along with the car in shaft hoistway. While the landing door is a fixed door on each floor landing. The type of landing door used in Encorp is an automatic door. This door has a center opening doors consisting of two power operated panels that part simultaneously with a brisk and noiseless motion.

Landing door (source: Chifundo, 2018)

Landing door ("Accessories & Finishes | EITA Elevator (M) Sdn. Bhd.", 2013)

5.0Â vertical transportation system chifundo sapuwa v. Buffer in the pit Encorp uses an oil buffer that is 900mm long and a pit that is 1000mm deep, the use of a buffer is to absorb the impact of a descending elevator car or counterweight. When the elevator gets out of control and slides down, the buffer takes in the decelerating effect where the knockout rod will trigger the switch to enable the safety circuit. Due to the location of the buffer at the pit, there is a tendency of it to be exposed to water and flooding. Hence, regular maintenance like cleaning, painting and changing the oil in the buffer is required to assure proper performance.

Elevator car and counterweight Buffer

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regulations: UBBL 1984 Part VII Fire Requirements Section 151 Ventilation to lift shafts. Where openings to lift shafts are not connected to protected lobbies, such lift shafts shall be provided with vents of not less than 0.09 square metre per lift located at the top of the shafts. Where the vent does not discharge directly to the open air the lift shafts shall be vented to the exterior through a duct of the required FRP as for the lift shafts. Section 152. Openings in lift shafts. (1) Every opening in a lift shaft or lift entrance shall open into a protected lobby unless other suitable means of protection to the opening to the satisfaction of the local authority is provided. These requirements shall not apply to open type industrial and other special buildings as may be approved by the D.G.F.S. (2) Landing doors shall have a FRP of not less than half the FRP of the hoistway structure with a minimum FRP of half hour (3) No glass shall be used for in landing doors except for vision in which case any vision panel shall or be glazed with wired safety glass, and shall not be more than 0.0161 square metre and the total area of one of more vision panels in any landing door shall be not more than 0.0156 square metre. (4) Each clear panel opening shall reject a sphere 150 millimetres in diameter. (5) Provision shall be made for the opening of all landing doors by means of an emergency key irrespective of the position of the lift car.

conclusion: Encorp Strand Garden Office complies to the requirement of UBBL where landing doors are installed at all floors for safety purposes. The landing doors are made of stainless-steel material which accommodates the requirement where no glass shall be used for landing doors.

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5.3.2.d Elevator Car (Exterior) The elevator car is a cabin which is mounted on a platform within an enclosed space called the shaft or hoistway. The elevator car consist of car frame , maintenance balustrade , traveling cable, compensation chain and more.

Exterior of elevator car ("Elevators & Escalators - MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC", n.d.)

i. Car Frame Car frame is used to support the car cabin which is located at 3 different position - upper, sides and bottom.

ii. Car Sling Car Sling is a load carrier element in the elevator car where its function is to isolate vibrations due to running of the elevator car. The upper transom is the suspension element of the car using a couple of polyamide pulleys. It is designed to mount sliding or roller guide shoes as well as the braking system. Lower transom is the carrier of car flooring through an exactly arranged pressure springs mounted in the lower isolation subassembly along with the safety gear. Car frame is used to support the car cabin which is located at 3 different position - upper, sides and bottom.

5.0Â vertical transportation system chifundo sapuwa

Car sling (source:"Basic Elevator Components", 2013)

iii. Maintenance Balustrade The maintenance balustrade is located at the car roof where it provides a platform for maintenance. It is to prevent the maintenance person from falling into the hoistway during work.

Balustrade (source:"Basic Elevator Components", 2013)

5.0Â vertical transportation system chifundo sapuwa iv.Travelling Cables The traveling cable is a flexible cable that provides electrical connection and carries signals between lift cars and fixed points.

v. Compensation chain A Compensating Chain is a welded-link or plastic-coated chain used for compensating or balancing the weight of the hoisting ropes. One end of the chain is attached to the underside of the car frame, and the other end is fastened to the counterweight sling.The traveling cable is a flexible cable that provides electrical connection and carries signals between lift cars and fixed points.

Compensating Chain (source: Chifundo, 2018)

5.3.2.e Elevator Car (Interior) The elevator cabin is completely enclosed by walls, floors and ceiling, the only permissible opening being are the car door, emergency trap door and ventilation apertures. The elevator cabin consists of car walls , car ceiling, car floor, operating panels and more.

Interior of elevator car ("Accessories & Finishes | EITA Elevator (M) Sdn. Bhd.", 2013)

5.0Â vertical transportation system chifundo sapuwa i. Car wall The car walls of the elevators in Encorp is made of stainless steel with a directional hairline.The walls are 1.5 or 2.0 mm thick, depending on the elevator car dimensions. With stainless steel designs, solid sheets with a thickness of 0.8 mm are also used as paneling materials.

Car walls (source: Chifundo, 2018)

ii. False Ceiling False ceiling is the main source of lighting in the elevator car. Different designs are incorporated for elevator lighting to improve the spatial quality and ambience when utilising the elevator

False ceiling: (source: "Accessories & Finishes | EITA Elevator (M) Sdn. Bhd.", 2013)

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False ceiling (source:"Basic Elevator Components", 2013)

iii. Car Floor The car floor act as a platform to sustain the live load capacity go the elevator. Therefore, it requires an adequate mechanical strength to sustain forces during operation.

Car floor ("Accessories & Finishes | EITA Elevator (M) Sdn. Bhd.", 2013)

5.0Â vertical transportation system chifundo sapuwa

Car floor (source:"Basic Elevator Components", 2013)

iv. Operating Panel All the buttons on Encorpâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s elevator operating panels at emits green illuminating light which indicates the selected button. It is also equipped with braille on the buttons which allow the visually impaired to access crucial information in and outside of the elevator for safe use.

Car operating panel(COP) ("Accessories & Finishes | EITA Elevator (M) Sdn. Bhd.", 2013)

5.0Â vertical transportation system chifundo sapuwa a. Open and Close This button is located on the interior button panel of each cab. A passenger can press this button to open or close the elevator doors only when the elevator cab is stopped at a floor. The controller interacts with this button by receiving a signal when it is pressed and when it is released.

Open and Close buttons (source: Chifundo,2018)

b. Floor Request This particular elevator controller controls the elevator cabs within floors. Each button is labeled with the existing floor level where passengers can use to direct the elevator cabs to the floor that they would like to go to. The controller interacts with these buttons by receiving pressed signals indicating the desired floor number and elevator cab which they were pressed from. It also sends light on/off signals to indicate the status of the buttons.

Floor request buttons (source: Chifundo, 2018)

c. Emergency Bell A passenger can press this button to sound a bell to alert people outside of the elevator shaft for any emergency cases like being trapped inside the elevator car due to the malfunctioning system.The controller interacts with this button by receiving a signal from it that indicates that it was pressed.

Emergency bell button (source: Chifundo, 2018)

5.0Â vertical transportation system chifundo sapuwa This is used when someone press the emergency button. It enables the security to help the people in the elevator if they are stuck in the elevator.

Intercall and manual keys to the elevator from the security room (source: Chifundo,2018)

v. Floor indicator

This indicator displays the floor destination. Passenger can view this indicator from the elevator cabin. This act as a notification to the passengers on the location of the elevator.

Lobby display (source: Chifundo, 2018)

Display locations ("Accessories & Finishes | EITA Elevator (M) Sdn. Bhd.", 2013)

Car interior display (Source: Chifundo)

5.0Â vertical transportation system chifundo sapuwa vi. Handrails Handrail is a rail within the elevator car which passengers can use for support. The elevator car in Encorp has handrail on all walls of the car. It also eases the use of the elevators for persons with disabilities. The hand rails is finished with stainless steel so that it will be long lasting. There are two types of hand rail, cylindrical handrail and flat type handrail. Encorp has cylindrical handrails.

Handrails (source: Chifundo, 2018)

Handrail (source:"Basic Elevator Components", 2013)

5.4 Operating System Elevator operating system is the system responsible for coordinating all aspects of elevator service such as travel, speed, and accelerating, decelerating, door opening speed and delay, levelling and hall lantern signals. The main aims of the elevator operating system are: - To bring the lift car to the correct floor. - To minimise travel time. - To maximise passenger comfort by providing a smooth ride. - To accelerate, decelerate and travel within safe speed limits. There are 3 main types for elevator operating systems namely single automatic operation, selective collective operation and group automatic operation. In Encorp, the elevators uses the group automatic operation system where many elevators are controlled with programmable microprocessors to respond.

5.0Â vertical transportation system chifundo sapuwa

Control System (source:"Basic Elevator Components", 2013)

5.5 Safety Features Safety features is a must to be incorporated to ensure the usability of the elevators and the safety of the users. There are many safety features implied in all aspect to the elevators like safety door edge, apron, safety gear and more. The overspeed governor and buffer are also components of the safety features.

5.5.i Apron A car apron, also known as a toe guard is a vertical protective board installed on the car sill. It functions as a barrier which protects the passengers from being exposed to the open hoistway under the car if the doors are opened when it is not at the landing.

Apron (source:"Basic Elevator Components", 2013)

5.0Â vertical transportation system chifundo sapuwa

5.5.ii Safety Door Edge Car-door safety device that reverses door operation if a person or object is hit by the closing doors. There are also other door-safety system such as the multi-beam door sensor that detects people or objects with photo-electric beams, safety ray and more. At Encorp, a photoelectric and infrared sensors is used to detect objects in their path and prevents the doors from closing.

Car-door safety device (source: Chifundo, 2018)

5.5.iii Safety Gear Safety gear is a mechanical device for stopping the car or counterweight by gripping the guide rails in the event of car speed attaining a predetermined value in a downward direction of travel, irrespective what the reason for the increase in speed may be. Safety gears are mounted at the lower part of car sling and operated simultaneously by a linkage mechanism that actuated by overspeed governor.

5.5.iv Smoke Detectors A smoke detector is a device that senses smoke in the area where it sends a signal to the fire alarm control panel. Encorp has one smoke detector in each elevator lobby.

Smoke detector (source: Chifundo, 2018)

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regulations: UNIFORM BUILDING BY-LAWS 1984 PART VII Fire Requirements Section 153. Smoke detectors for lift lobbies. (1) All lift lobbies shall be provided with smoke detectors. (2) Lift not opening into a smoke lobby shall not use door reopening devices controlled by light beam or photo-detectors unless incorporated with a force close feature which after thirty seconds of any interruption of the beam causes the door to close within a preset time. Section 154. Emergency mode of operation in the event of mains power failure. (1) On failure of mains power all lifts shall return in sequence directly to the designated floor, commencing with the fire lifts, without answering any cat or landing calls and park with doors open. (2) After all lifts are parked the lifts on emergency power shall resume normal operation: Provided that where sufficient emergency power is available for operation of all lifts, this mode of operation need not apply

conclusion: Encorp complies to the requirements of UBBL as smoke detectors are installed on the ceiling of each lift lobbies on all the floors. In addition, the operating system of the elevators are designed according to the UBBL requirement whereby all lifts will be parked at designated floors with the car door opened when there is a failure of main power.

5.6 Locations & Design Consideration Encorp has grouped elevators of 2 elevators per block. This is arrangement to maximise the accessibility within the office. One is a passenger lift and the other as fire (bomba) lift and passenger lift at the same time.

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Passenger Lift (source: Chifundo, 2018)

Fire (Bomba) Lift (source: Chifundo, 2018)

Location of Elevators Encorp has placed their elevator in the center of each block and at the entrance of block. It has a good size lobby area for each block. This insures each access to the elevators and that they are easy to locate in the building.

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Lift Lobby (source: Chifundo, 2018)

When looking a at the parking level the elevator are located closest to the disabled parking spots. This makes it easy for the disabled to access the elevator.

5.0Â vertical transportation system chifundo sapuwa Also when it comes to emergencies the fire (bomba) lift is located closest to the entrance of each block and the fire lift is bigger than the passenger lift. This helps firemen to access the building easily. There is also two fire escape exits located in each lobby making the movement for people and fire fighters easier.

5.7 Conclusion the elevators at Encorp has a well thought arrangement of the lift lobbies in reference to the plans and accessibility. Encorp mets all the UBBL requirements for lifts which ensure the safety and usability of the elevators. In addition, all aspects of the elevator car have been taken into considerations from each components to itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s design to achieve a good aesthetic and spatial ambience when using the elevator.

conclusion From this project, we gained a lot of knowledge on how the building services are applied into the building. The research conducted provide us with in depth detail on how each of these components works on their field and how the serve a purpose for the building. This project also has open our eyes on how important to have building service which will guide us through the design process by considering all these services to ensure the design produced is compliance with the guidelines provided by the UBBL 1984 Law of Malaysia that the building will run efficiently and fit under the requirements. As a group, we learn how to communicate better with each other and learned how one service related to each other where it somehow teach us how to collaborate and share the data collected in order to complete these case study project. Last but not least, this project gives out awareness on how building services played an important role in construction industry. Building service is the main reason to make the building run smoothly and maintain all the service provided such as mechanical ventilation, fire system, vertical transportation and also air condition system to ensure all the occupant is safety and peace.

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REFERENCES FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM Building's Fire Protection Systems. (2018). Retrieved from http://news.lifesafetyservices.com/blog/building-fire-protection-system What Is Active Fire Protection?. (2018). Retrieved from https://www.thermotechsolutions.co.uk/thermotech-news/active-fire-protection/ HOSE REEL SYSTEM - Excel Fire Malaysia. (2018). Retrieved from http://www.excelfire.com.my/service/hose-reel-system/ Fire hose reel system. (2018). Retrieved from https://www.grundfos.com/servicesupport/encyclopedia-search/fire-hose-reel-systems.html (2018). Retrieved from https://www.aspe.org/sites/default/files/webfm/ArchivedIssues/2010/201009/PlumbingDesignbytheN umbers.pdf (Standard), H. (2018). Standard Hose Reel | Fire Hose Reel | Safequip. Retrieved from http://www.safequip.co.za/product/swing-type-fire-hose-reel/ Wet/Dry Riser Systems. (2018). Retrieved from https://www.protec.co.uk/product-page/sprinklersand-water-mist/product/product/wet-dry-riser-systems/ Fire Fighters Engineers, fire safety, fire extinguisher, fire safety, fire alarm system, fire detection, smoke detector, heat detector, sprinkler system, water spray system, hydrant system. (2018). Retrieved from https://www.firefightersengineer.com/firefightsys.htm CO2 Fire Suppression System | Fire Suppression | Fike. (2018). Retrieved from http://www.fike.com/products/co2-fire-suppression-system/ Fire Control Room | City of San Diego Official Website. (2018). Retrieved from https://www.sandiego.gov/fire/services/highrise/tour/controlroom Fire Detection and Alarm Systems: A Brief Guide -- Occupational Health & Safety. (2018). Retrieved from https://ohsonline.com/Articles/2007/12/Fire-Detection-and-Alarm-Systems-A-Brief-Guide.aspx (2018). Retrieved from https://library.e.abb.com/public/d201a5400aa23001c1257a52004a72d9/2CMC341001L0201.pdf Emergency Voice Communication Systems - Tyco Integrated Fire & Security. (2018). Retrieved from https://www.tycoifs.co.uk/how-we-can-help/protect-your-business/care-communication/emergencyvoice-communication-systems/ How smoke detectors work. (2018). Retrieved from http://www.explainthatstuff.com/smokedetector.html The Basics of Passive Fire Protection. (2018). Retrieved from https://www.buildings.com/articledetails/articleid/5851/title/the-basics-of-passive-fire-protectionPassive Fire Protection vs. Active Fire Protection. (2018). Retrieved from http://news.lifesafetyservices.com/blog/active-vs-passive-fire-protection-2 The Basics of Passive Fire Protection. (2018). Retrieved from https://www.buildings.com/articledetails/articleid/5851/title/the-basics-of-passive-fire-protection-

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REFERENCES AIR CONDITIONINGÂ SYSTEM Cooling, H. (2018). What is a Split Air Conditioner System? - Networx. Retrieved from https://www.networx.com/article/split-air-conditioner-system Why split system air conditioning?. (2018). Retrieved from http://www.braemar.com.au/cooling/splitsystem-air-conditioning/why-braemar-split-system-air-conditioning Learn How Your Split Air Conditioner Works. (2018). Retrieved from http://www.newair.com/kb/learnsplit-air-conditioner-works/ How Does a Split Air Conditioner Work? | DoItYourself.com. (2018). Retrieved from https://www.doityourself.com/stry/how-does-a-split-air-conditioner-work Benefits of a Split Air Conditioning System. (2018). Retrieved from https://www.pointbayfuel.com/blog/5-benefits-of-a-split-air-conditioning-system/ Function of the main components - What is an air conditioner - Useful information - Living Environmental Systems - MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC ITALIAN WEBSITE. (2018). Retrieved from https://les.mitsubishielectric.it/en/informazioni-utili/componenti-principali.php

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REFERENCES VERTICAL TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM Accessories & Finishes | EITA Elevator (M) Sdn. Bhd. (2013). Retrieved from http://www.eitaelevator.com.my/products/accessories-finishes/ Basic Elevator Components - Part One. (2013). Retrieved from http://www.electricalknowhow.com/2012/04/basic-elevator-components-part-one.html Basic Elevator Components - Part Two. (2013). Retrieved from http://www.electricalknowhow.com/2012/04/basic-elevator-components-part-two.html BS / JIS 8x19 Steel Galvanized Elevator Wire Rope Traction Suspension. (2015). Retrieved from http://www.wirerope-sling.com/sale-5162837-bs-jis-8x19-steel-galvanized-elevator-wire-ropetraction-suspension.html Course ELEV-1: An Introduction to Transportation Systems in Buildings. (2013). Retrieved from http://www.electrical-knowhow.com/2012/05/course-elev-1-introduction-to.html Elevators. Retrieved from http://universalelevators.in/elevators/ Elevators & Escalators - MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC. Retrieved from http ://www.mitsubishielectric.com/elevator/overview/elevators/str_eqp03.html Hassan, S. (2018). Mechanical Transportation. Lecture, Taylor's University. Motor Roomless Lift Msia - impremedia.net. (2017). Retrieved from https://impremedia.net/motorroomless-lift-msia/ Robson Forensic, Inc. (2017). Elevator Anatomy. Retrieved from http://www.robsonforensic.com/upload/articles/Elevator-Specification-Expert.pdf Rohit Khurana, Intern at Genesis Architects Pvt Ltd Follow. (2015, September 08). Arrangement of Escalators and Elevators. Retrieved October 12, 2017, from https://www.slideshare.net/rohitkhurana3348/arrangement-of-escalators-and-elevator

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