BUNDI- Raniji ki Baoli

Design Studio Team: Prof Ranjana Mital (Studio Director), Mr. Kapil Mathur, Mr Amardeep Labana, Ms Suparna Ghosh, Mr S.K. Aditya Subject faculty: Mr Vivek Verma, Ms Moulshri Joshi, Ms Vandana Kothari, Ms Anjali Mittal, Mr Rajeev Mahajan Aashutosh Gour . Abhinav Anand . Abdul Wahab . Abhishek Thakur Abrar Zargar . Aditya S Nath . Akshara Jayasimhan . Amit Sarkar Amritanshu Swaroop . Ananya Bajpai . Ankita Mallick . Ashish Chandra Biswajeet Parida . Chinmay Karan . DLRS Rachna . Diksha Bhutani Divyank Raj . Eesha Acharya . Elaine Agith . Flora Rao . Harun Vignesh Janhabi Seth . Kinzang Jamtsho . M Abhiram Reddy M Yeswanth Sai . Mahima Kanojia . Md Zee Ehtram . Megha Narula Monu Kumar . Nitesh Maurya . Nivia Jain. Pamarthi Nikita Preethi C . Priyanka Yadav . Ritika Sharma . Rozanne Jojo . Sachin KM Shreya Sinha .

Sundaram Kumar . Wendy L Halliday picture credits: Mr. Amardeep Labana

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CONTENTS INTEGRATING STUDIOS overview

02

BUNDI city

03

MEASURED DRAWING Dabhai ka kund Nagar Sagar kund Rani ji Ki baoli

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07 15 21

GRAPHICS

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THEORY OF DESIGN

35

BUILDING CONSTRUCTION

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THEORY OF STRUCTURES

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COMPUTER APPLICATION

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ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN SPA Underground: by Biswajeet Parida The Vault : by Akshara Jayasimhan Spacement : by Nivia Jain A Work Retreat: by Flora Rao

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56 60 64 68

INTEGRATING STUDIOS

I B.ARCH SECTION A, SEMESTER II, JANUARY - MAY 2016

This is a compilation of work done in the semester 2 of I. B.Arch 2015-16. A new syllabus a pedagogy was being tested where the emphasis was on a holistic approach that linked and integrated as many courses and experiences as possible.

The syllabus Architectural Design II- theme: Spatial Exploration II called for a “Study of the built environment and to develop a basic understanding of space and form and to integrate architectural design, graphics, basic design and visual arts, structures and surveying in order to facilitate a holistic approach as a foundation for subsequent semesters”.

In the first application of the new syllabus itself, it demonstrated the huge potential for meaningful study in integrating various subjects and studios with the design studio. Considerable synergy was created among the various members of faculty leading various studios/ classes and the students themselves, thus producing work that was commendable. However, the biggest advantage must probably be seen in the actual cross-referencing of the learning and skills acquired in various subject-classes. Thus using the Total Station on site to measure inaccessible points that allowed for better accuracy or even applying theoretical concepts of design to the physical spaces studied, measured and documented allows not only for a deeper understanding of theory taught but also better informs the understanding of the case-study in this case the stepwells at Bundi.

The study tour to Bundi was planned with the following objectives: 1. To study the idea of scale, proportions, shade and shadow on buildings through measuring, drawing-up and analyzing a unique example of building into the ground, namely stepwells.

2. The semester design exercise to be structured such that it drew from the experience of studying subterranean structures 3. Assignments/ Work in Computers, Structures, Building Construction, Theory of Design and Art and Graphics studios in the semester were also to be informed by this study.

bring out the best in photography.

All drawings were digitized in conjunction with the Computer Studies studio. In addition to which an exercise in rendering drawings of architectural elements was also successfully completed.

The semester design programme involved a space for the class to work in for two to three days at a time – typically before a submission. Having worked in groups, the class was able to formulate space requirements, both qualitatively and quantitatively.

Looking at combinations of 2-4 people working together or individually within the overall class group brought up issues of relaxation, recreation, group activities as well as selective privacy and quiet that were commendably resolved.

The space given for this spatial exploration was directly below the canteen in our school building. The canteen spill out was reimagined to be excavated and apart from creating pleasurable spaces to work in, the brief also required landscaping the spill-out such that both places- the canteen and the work-space beneath it were connected.

The positive response to the idea and the largely sensitive design solutions as early as in the second semester into the course suggests that understanding the user persona and empathizing with it is a necessary requisite for meaningful design.

STUDIO DIRECTOR: PROF. RANJANA MITAL

Study tour to Bundi, Rajasthan To measure and draw kunds and a baoli The study involved: • experiencing and appreciating subterranean architecture, • understanding baolis and kunds as a complete response to an urgent need for water collection and storage • comprehending the utilitarian designs involving multiple levels and their connections, • appreciating details of design and construction in the case studies as well as in other traditional buildings in Bundi

Drew up detailed drawings of baoli and kunds

Observed and documented architectural details and elements

Recorded through sketches and photographs typical features and views of Bundi

These being the broad objectives, equally important were the objectives of: 4. Applying drawing and sketching skills acquired last semester.

5. Applying last semester’s learning on using survey equipment.

6. Observing and appreciating the socio-physical environment around these structures.

7. Developing skills in photography/ sketching of monuments and social spaces around them.

8. Increasing interaction between diverse groups of students and faculty towards greater camaraderie and enthusiasm among students and between students and faculty leading to increase in learning and quality of work.

Three sites were identified: Raniji ki Baoli, Dabhai ka Kund and Naagar -Saagar Kund A successful tour that generated enough raw-material as it were, had the class occupied at different points for much of the semester in various studios. Thus Building Construction had an analysis of the details of architectural elements that had been identified and document in Bundi, Theory of Structures studios analysed load distribution and retaining walls with respect to the stepwells studies Art and Graphics studios saw the class do a graphic travelogue on Bundi as well as rendering in pen and ink dramatic views of Bundi’s architecture while photo-competitions served to

COMPUTER APPLICATIONS

THEORY OF STRUCTURES

BUILDING CONSTRUCTION

THEORY OF DESIGN

GRAPHICS

All drawings of baoli and kunds were done in AUTOCAD Sample studies were rendered in PHOTOSHOP

The baoli and kunds were analysed for load-transfer systems.

Structural properties of retaining walls were understood in the context of the study

Joinery and construction details of design elements previously identified were explored and analysed

Study baoli and kunds were analysed against principles of design previously studied in theory

Pen and ink renderings from photographs improved rendering skills .

Abstraction of architectural elements studied led to a sculpture to be included in the architec-

ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN The end –semester design project attempted to employ all previous learning and experience in designing a subterranean space on the School premises for group-submissions. Designs were informed by anthropometrics as well as basic requirements of light, ventilation and circulation. While initial sketches and layouts were done by hand and with models , the design proposals were finally drawn up on the computer. Handmade scaled models and 3-dimensional views both on computer and by hand completed the portfolio.

3

BUNDI- THE CITY OF STEPWELLS Tucked away in the north east of the Northwestern Indian State - Rajasthan- is a little city, Bundi. Home to 104,457 people(2011 census), Bundi is known for its palaces, forts and many Stepwells .

BAOLIS Baolis are underground structures filled with water and their spacious platforms form ideal retreats for weary travelers neighbors.

Baolis were a mode of executing traditional technique to store the replenishable, rechargeabe and dependable ground water .Each Baoli has a distinct feature, depending on the ideas of the builder or the patron or the local traditions. Generally Baolis were built near temples and mosques so that people could worship after bathing or finishing their chores.

BAOLIS IN BUNDI Hada Chauhans elected unanimously by chiefs ruled Bundi in the 12th century and one of their actions for public welfare was the construction of baolis and kunds to supply water.

According to the survey by INTACH there are 48 Baolis and 10 Kunds existing in Bundi today.

Out of 48, only two(Raniji ki baoli and Bhawal Dev ki Baoli) are protected and 7 are still in use.

TYPES OF BAOLIS There are 5 main kinds of plan forms for Baolis - rectangular, L-shaped, T-shaped, U-shaped and cross shaped.

RAJASTHAN ON INDIA MAP

BUNDI ON RAJASTHAN MAP

MAP OF BUNDI SHOWING THE STEPWELLS STUDIED

USE OF BAOLIS

RANIJI KI BAOLI This is the largest and the most well maintained baoli of Bundi.

The multi-storeyed baoli has a rectanglar plan. It has three flights of stairs each of its landing has a place of worship.

Built by Rani Nathavati, it is the most decorated Baoli and has various architectural featues such as niches,domes and sculptures of Gods, elephants on the brackets, scenes from everyday life and flowers.

PAST USE: Drinking water MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION: Stone cladding

PUBLIC WELFARE Baolis were built along the major routes connecting Bundi to other important cities like Jaipur.They were mostly constructed by the ruling class, wealthy merchants or landowners as an act of public welfare.

MEMORIALS Baolis were at times built as memorials. Raniji ki Baoli is said to have been buit by the young queen of king Anirudha in his memory after his demise. Medhak Daraza, another baoli was built by the family of a woman who commited Sati.

UTILITY Baolis served as spaces of social gathering for women regularly vsiting the baoli to collect water from the well. Besides, even communities worshipped at the shrines inside baolis.

PLAN OF RANIJI KI BAOLI

DHABHAI KA KUND Also known as “Jail Kund,� it is one of the few Baolis that are still in use (only for bathing in the monsoon).

Built by Dhabhai, a rich merchant ,it has a square plan with two floors. Opposite the entrance is a gallery consisting of three arches with detailed sculptures on each of the bases.Pulleys used to be fixed to draw water and platforms surround the central access ramp.

PAST USE: Drinking water,Bathing MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION: Sandstone

TOPOGRAPHY Bundi is surrounded by the Rocky Vindhyas on three sides. It lies in the Eastern Rajasthan Uplands. Since it is located on hilly terrain, the topography of the city can be described as undulating.

Ground level varies between 310 m and 248 m above sea level. The ground slope is from north towards south or south-east. The soil is black and consists of alluvium, clay loam with saline ground water.

PLAN OF DHABHAI KUND

KUNDS- TANKS

NAGAR-SAGAR TWIN STEPWELLS

Kunds are stepped tanks with steps on more than one side leading down to the water. Kunds can be broadly classified in three types.

These are the only two stepwells in Bundi that are totally alike. Unfortunately, the twin stepwells have not been very well maintained and contain waste from the nearby vegetable market.

The twins have a square shaped well surronded by platforms and accessible by steps on three sides. Two corners have chhatris and there are niches on every wall below each landing. The platform has cornice mouldings and ornamental brackets.

YAGNA KUND Used for religious functions and rituals.

Ground water table of Rajasthan

Soils of Rajasthan

Bundi has a ground water level of 0m to -3m. Both maps show that Bundi inspite of the not having any natural water sources like lakes and rivers has a ground water table that is favourable for building wels and stepwells(baolis).

BRAHMA KUND The Brahma Kund used to have clear water with medicinal properties and used for sacred bathing associated with rituals.

PAST USE: Bathing MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION: Sandstone

SNAN KUND Used for bathing.

PLAN OF NAGAR

PLAN OF SAGAR

2

MEASURED DRAWING

picture credits: Aditya S Nath

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RANIJI KI BAOLI The baoli was built by the young queen Rani Nathavali at the end of the seventeenth century.

The Baoli is rectanguar in plan.The Baoli as large stairs, with platforms on both sides.

The Baoli is very richly ornamented with architectural features like niches with shikharas, tored brackets, colums with elephants and detailed arches.

RANIJI KI BAOLI, BUNDI

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