From military to ecological

FROM MILITARY TO ECOLOGICAL

RE-COMPOSITION OF CAGLIARI

OF CAGLIARI

INDEX

I

INTRODUะกING AN ISSUE 1 _ IMPORTANCE OF DESIGNING ON DISMISSED SITES 2 _ RECOGNIZING MILITARY AREAS IN SARDEGNA ISLAND 3 _ CASE STUDY - CAGLIARI

II

DEVELOPMENT OF CAGLIARI 4 _ PLANNING SYSTEMS OF CAGLIARI 5 _ INTERNATIONAL EVENTS

III

INTERPRETATION OF CAGLIARI : RECONSTRUCTING A PROJECTUAL FIELD 6 _ URBAN ANALYSIS IN THE FRAMEWORK OF ECOSYSTEM SERVICES

IV

DESIGN PROJECT 7 _ ECOSYSTEM SERVICES 8 _ SCENARIOS FOR REUSE OF MILITARY BASES IN THE FRAME WORK OF ECOSYSTEM SERVICES 9 _ THIRD LANDSCAPE CONCEPT IN THE FRAMEWORK OF ECOSYSTEM SERVICES 10 _ CONTAINERS REUSE IN THE FRAMEWORK OF ECOSYSTEM SERVICES 11 _ IMAGE OF THE PROJECT

WORK METODOLOGY

REUSE

MILITARY REUSE

CASE STUDIES

ITALIAN CONTEXT

ECOSYSTEM SERVICES APPROACH

FROM ECOSYSTEM SERVICES TO ECOSYSTEM DEVICES

URBAN DESIGN IN THE FRAMEWORK OF ECOSYSTEM SERVICES

PART I / INTRODUCING AN ISSUE

PART I / INTRODUCING AN ISSUE

Why is it important to design on dismissed areas ?

What are the examples of military reuse ?

Where is a concentration of military presence in Italy ?

Does the military city in Cagliari exist ?

International interest to the argument & worldwide experience Part

Netherlands

Germany

Albania

Germany

Studio RAAAF and Atelier de Lyon Military WW2 bunker as an artistic installation

Ex soviet airship hangar as a water park

Military mushroom bunker as a private house

Military bunker and nuclear shelter as underground data center

Netherlands

UK

Military WW2 bunker as a bed&breakfast

Former British sea fort as a hotel resort

USA Bunkers as bat’s refuges from daily disease

1

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Italian case-study : Sardinia military island Part

1

The military presence in the island is evident - more than 35,000 hectares of Sardinian territory are occupied by military bases.

About 60% of overall italian military facilities are situaded in the island.

ABACUS Bunker WW2 Medium defensive structures / Fortini Military barrack / Caserme Tower / Torre Miliatry deposits / Depositi Military zones / Zone Militare (Aree addestrative,poligoni di tiro, stazione radio)

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Abandoned military bases Part

1

ABACUS 10 3 3 3 2

Bunker WW2 Medium defensive structures / Fortini Military barrack / Caserme Miliatry deposits / Depositi Military zones / Zone Militare (Aree addestrative,poligoni di tiro, stazione radio)

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Active military bases Part 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

Comando Marina Comando Marina 68° deposito carburanti Radice del Molo di Levante Campo Rossi Caserma Cascino Parco logistico Alloggi militari della Marina Caserma Monfenera Caserma Villasanta Palazzine, alloggi Deposito PolNato Stabilimento Esercito

Military airport

21° Gruppo squadroni AVES “Orsa Maggiore”

Ex Caserma Griffa

Palazzina alloggi Monreale

Distretto militare

Impianto telecomunicazioni

Magazzini del Genio alloggi militari

Ex batteria DICAT

Stabilimento Sottufficiali

Alloggio Comandante

Stabilimento Ufficiali

Stazione RT Sant’ignazio

Stabilimento Polizia di Stato Stabilimento Carabinieri

Foresteria militare

Alloggi militari Ex panificio militare

Stabilimento Vigili del Fuoco

Comando Regione Militare

Palazzo Vinceremo

Magazzino vestiario

Stabilimento Guardia di Finanza

Stabilimento Aeronautica

Caserma Gioda e Martinazz

1

Batteria Prunas Alloggi Cala Fighera

Tribunale Militare Caserma Fadda Ex Caserma Carlo Alberto

Ospedale militare Amerigo Demurtas

Faro di Sant’Elia

Bunker ex rifugi

4 1

13 2

5

3

8 6

7

9

10

11

12

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Urban evolution & military city Part

1

LEGEND Urban growth ‘Military city’

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PART II / DEVELOPMENT OF CAGLIARI

PART II / DEVELOPMENT OF CAGLIARI

How is the planning system in Cagliari ?

How is the existing city plan ?

What the municipality is trying to solve ?

New municipal projects & policies Part

2

LEGEND Lungomare Poetto > urban furniture > lightning > bike pathes > public spaces Capo Sant’Elia > cassegiato militare > trekking / mountain bile > promenade pathes > archeology Piazze Gramsci / San Michele / delle Aquile / Garibaldi > urban furniture > public spaces Bike transportation > bike lines > bike / car sharing spots Public transportation > light rail Amfiteatro Romano / Tuvixeddu > green spaces > public spaces Under the walls of historical center > green spaces > spaces projected for dogs Monte Urpinu > community gardening

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New municipal projects & policies Part

2

> Piazza D’Armi. Park under the walls

> Monte Urpini. Community gardening

The area of approximately 8,500 square meters under the walls of closed prison Buoncammino was neglected and used as an abusive car parching. The project started with total cleaning and fencing the area by trees and high bushes. The main aim was to create not an unknown park but a characteristic space applying specific design approaches. So part of the area about 1300 square meters was dedicated for our four-legged friends.

The project of small community garden starts in Monte Urpini where in the 50s there was a quarry. This initiative started in summer 2015 by a private actor - the association “Agricultura, coltiviamo relazioni” and reaches forty farmers called “ortigiani”. The main goals are to create green spaces in Cagliari preventing from degradation unused plots and to organize a different environment where strangers can socialize and collaborate.”

Changes continue along viale Regina Elena under the walls of historical center by introducing small linear parks and equipped public spaces.

At the same time seeing the interest of population, the municipality is planning to expand similar projects on the vacant ex-military sites.

> Sella del Diavolo. Caseggiato Militare

> Lungomare Poetto

Project provides a system of tracking and hiking paths equipped with security guards, signage, signal routing.

Along the paths there will be information points – 10 multimedia panels positioned in correspondence with spots of interests - scientific and historic archaeological sites. Activating them by an application on smartphones, news related to the history, information about nature, archeology sites can be easily reached.

The project creates a new image of Poetto and valorizes its territory by redesigning the entire system of car flows and of pedestrian promenade along the sea. The reorganization of the road network aims to minimize traffic and encourages sustainable construction with links to seaside ecosystems. Flexible urban furniture is designed as a tool for seasonal improvements but the whole new infrastructure for leisure can be used during the year.

Ex-military building should become a refuge for hikers and an observation platform for visitors. Total cost of the project is 130 thousand euro provided both by municipal and regional levels.

Safety of the area was one of the main issues. Along the entire territory there is a speed limit where vehicles can move only on 30km/h.

> ‘ Citta’ in piazza ‘

> ‘ Citta’ murata ‘

Piazza Garibaldi is one of the main squares of the city. It is always very busy and crowded so the main project’s task is to encourage slow city - divide flows, create independent and comfortable zone to people, bicycles. There is a precise strategy regarding a vegetation - different type of tree, bushes and grasses.

The west side of Castello which is facing the University of Cagliari should become a system of green ramps which help not only to link upper historical part f the city with surrounding but also where downhill there will be community gardens and public parks.

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PART III / RECONSTRUCTING A PROJECTUAL FIELD

PART III / RECONSTRUCTING A PROJECTUAL FIELD

How is made the city ?

After a descriptive reading of the space, which materials and features can be important for the project ?

Land use map & services analysis Part

3

LEGEND

Public schools Asili Materne Elementari Midie inferori Medie superiori Universita’ Private schools Asili Materne Elementari Midie inferori Sport facilities Cittadino Di quartiere Hospitals Cemeteries Harbour facilities Military city

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Urban analysis Part Altimetry of terrain The diagram shows the relation between the landscape and the natural public areas. As we can see from the juxtaposition of these two systems, the city has a very dynamic structure, which allows having a great variety of places a complex relief with the a range of different public qualities.

0

130 m Natural areas ( parks, open nature, beach )

Slow city vs fast city

Public transportation

This diagram represents the slow mobility network, which gives us a clear idea of a discontinuity of the system and therefore makes it evident, that the infrastructural level of the city needs to improved in order to fill the gaps and create a more stable environment for the users.

The Public transport diagram is scheme, which focuses us of the read system, along with the public transportation network. As we can the structure is quite balanced and seems to have all the components satisfying the public needs.

Main path-by roads

Public transport CTM ( bus, tram )

Zone with limited traffic

Railway

3

Bike system Hiking & trekking path Pedestrian zones

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Open space

Diffused settlements

Seaside houses

Planned districts

Historical tissue

Citadels

Big boxes

Suburban areas

Urban fabric analysis Part

3

LEGEND Military city

Salines

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Pattern & building types catalogue Part

3

Historical tissue Oldest part of the city Most dense urban region Developed around a central element Has a clear boundary Irregular street patterns Developed along a directed path Multi-family housing units Three to four stories Attached on one or two sides Covers the entire lot Typically long with a courtyard on the back Ground floor is mixed-use

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Pattern & building types catalogue Part

3

Suburban areas Low density region Positioned on the boarder Developed along infrastructure routs Don’t have a clear boundary Multi-family apartment building Five to seven stories Detached Positioned middle of the lot Private green space on one or more sides

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Pattern & building types catalogue Part

3

Planned districts Region of lower density Sometimes built on a grid structure Characterized by homogeneity and common geometrical organisation No clear center Highrise buildings or towers No mixed-used ground floors Many parking lots Positioned around the edge of the lot, encircling a private green spaces

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Pattern & building types catalogue Part

3

Seaside detached houses Low density / low rise Private & semiprivate gardens Along the beach Form the grid Low-rise private villas with a wider footprint and linear design Positioned in the middle of the lot Surrounded by gardens & agricultural fields Specific type of vegetation

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Pattern & building types catalogue Part

3

Diffused settlements Low density Built along infrastructure routs Single use mainly Positioned in the middle of a green space Single family detached house Surrounded by agricultural green space & productive lands Positioned along a historical road & salines

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Pattern & building types catalogue Part

3

Citadels / clusters Clear boundary and clear entrance Hospitals / cemeteries ÂŤCityÂť in the city Present a city fabric expansion

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Pattern & building types catalogue Part

3

Big boxes Large scale Built along heavy infrastructure routs Shoping malls / industries / parking lots Situated on the edeges of the city Clear boundary & entrance Isolated from its surroundings Designed for a specific function

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Pattern & building types catalogue Part

3

Open spaces Agricultural field Natural space Parks Public & community gardens

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Urban rhytms analysis Part

3

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Urban rhytms analysis Part

3

LEGEND Hotels Medical centers Restourants & bars Cultural services Shop & retail Postoffices & civil services

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Urban rhytms analysis Part

3

LEGEND Hotels Medical centers Restourants & bars Cultural services Shop & retail Postoffices & civil services

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Urban rhytms analysis Part

3

LEGEND Hotels Medical centers Restourants & bars Cultural services Shop & retail Postoffices & civil services

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Urban rhytms analysis Part

3

LEGEND Hotels Medical centers Restourants & bars Cultural services Shop & retail Postoffices & civil services

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PART IV / DESIGN PROJECT

PART IV / DESIGN PROJECT

What is the ecosystem services approach ?

How can this descriptive and theoretical concept be applied on the urban environment ?

Can ecosystem services become ecosystem devices ?

How local specific interventions can re-compose the city in short and long term period ?

Concepts of ecosystem services Part

What are ecosystem services ?

Can ecosystem services become tools for urban design ?

Provisioning service

1

Food

Medical plants Therapeutic landscape

Fresh water

4

Wood and fiber

Special types of vegetation with desirable biochemical properties

Fuel

Urban food production Encourage agricultural activities through introducing urban farming, community gardens and farmers markets Renewable sources of energy Design should encourage effective use of energy Provide solar panels Rainwater Capture and conserve rainwater / using run-off tanks for aggregation Design should encourage effective water use

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Concepts of ecosystem services Part

What are ecosystem services ?

4

Can ecosystem services become tools for urban design ?

Regulating service

2

Climate regulation

Urban temperatures

Flood regulation Disease regulation

Remediate the HIT - heat island effect Cooler urban temperatures Protection of decreased ozone

Water purification

Water managment Grey water recycling

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Concepts of ecosystem services Part

What are ecosystem services ?

4

Can ecosystem services become tools for urban design ?

Supporting service

3

Nutrient cycling

Soil

Soil formation

Removal of concrete surfaces & purification of the soil

Prmary production

Biodiversity Preparation for making soil fertile & encourage biodiversity

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Concepts of ecosystem services Part

What are ecosystem services ?

Can ecosystem services become tools for urban design ?

Cultural service

4

Aesthetic

Urban furniture & infrastructure

Spiritual

Create comfortable, effective public spaces and promote slow city

Educational Recreational

4

Cultural programs Organize co-working, workshops and festivals Cultural exchange & international events

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Concepts of ecosystem services Part

4

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Defining spaces in between

Maximising opportunities

Building the tensions

According to the articulation of different levels of public space & green spaces due to their function Expand links beyond limits of the urban block regarding uidity

By creating a system where all atractive spots work together Opportunities to rebuild and to stretch

Action of compression & sprawl concentration of people according to the entering and exiting of intresting points

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Guidelines master plan Part

4

LEGEND Eco-islands Large scale military leftovers Cultural hubs Small scale military structures Links ( Cycling pathes, direction signs, urban furniture and floor painting, info points, instaletions, lightning design )

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Large scale strategies Part

4

Eco-islands > Design according concept of ecosystem services provisioning, regulating & supporting > Creating a system including existing natural areas > Large scale abbandoned military bases with spontaneous vegitation

Cultural Hubs > Design according concept of ecosystem services cultural > Creating a system including existing important zones - squares, port areas, historical centers

City landmarks

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Poligano di tiro

Caserma Ederle Caserma Mereu

Deposito carburanti Sede Marina Militare

Caserma Monte Grappa

Magazzini Aeronautica

Classification of case-study areas Part

4

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Classification of case-study areas Part

Military barraks / Caserme

Dense & built Limited space Fenced Presence of facilities Building with architectural value Clear access Situated in isolated zones

Deposits / Depositi

Singular units Hangars Open spaces Concrete surfaces More accesses Situated in industrial zones

4

Military zones / Zone militare

Open areas Presence of vegetation Large scale territories No clear access Situated in green zone

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Abacus of general design proposals Part

GREEN INVASION

GREEN INTEGRATION

DEMOLITION

SOLAR PANELS

COMMUNITY GARDENING

> Vegetation will form green ways during time

> Vegetation may integrate in the surfases of buildings for creating a contineous landscape

> Eliminate weak structures in order to give a place for vegiatation

> Usage of rrenewable type of energy

> Introdusing community gardens > Festivals of blossom

Now

GREEN ROOF

ORIENTATION

SOIL FORMATION

BORDER

SLOW CITY

> Put green roofs in order to remediate HIS - Heat Island Effect and make urban temporature cooler > Provide a visual persective from high buildings

>Organize activities towards sud

> Purification of the soil

> Put trees and shrubs to encriching the parcel and create a new vision for the reused buildings

> Encoureging the slow city > Creating bike connections > Pathes for jogging

Winter

SPORT > Reusing dismissed sport fields as public facilities

CULTURAL SERVICES

2030

EQUAL OPPORTUNITIES THROUGHY SPACE > Universal accessibility > Street furniture invites staying > Space motion

Summer

SUPPORTING SERVICES

REGULATING SERVICES

PROVISIONING SERVICES

Military barraks / Caserme

TEMPORARY ACTIVITIES

ADDITIONAL STRUCTURES

PUBLIC SPACES

USERS

> Reuse part of dismissed buildings to attract people for leisure activities > Educational activities, co-working & workshops

> Inserting light structures for accomodating festivals & events

> Create an «attractive hub» > Comfort & aestetic

> Space for different group of population > Zones for dogs

4

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Abacus of general design proposals Part

> Bring existing parks into abbandoned areas

> Make areas permeable to green corridors

SPONTANEOUS VEGITATION > Preserve spontaenous vegitation and reinforce the presence of nature inside the areas

GREEN HOUSES

ADDITIONAL FUNTCTIONS

TRANSPARENCY

> Reuse hangars as urban green houses for cultivation

> Inserting light structures / containers for hosting markets, educational farms

> Adding big windows which attract and invite > Increasing general sense of safetiness

CULTURAL SERVICES

PERMEABILITY

SUPPORTING SERVICES

EXPAND

REGULATING SERVICES

PROVISIONING SERVICES

Deposits / Depositi

4

WOODLAND

BUFFER ZONE

> High treet in order to create a new panorama towards the street > Liming polution, encoureging biodiversity

> Clear difference between urban area and ecoblocks

THERAPEUTIC LANDSCAPE > Introdusing special types of vegiattion with desireble biochimical propreties

WATER REUSE

FOOD PRODUCTION

> Capturing and conserving rainwater > Run-off tanks

> Introdusing urban farming > Products can be sold on the market while the organic waste can be used as a compost on the fileds

WATER STRIPS > Using filter strips on the edges for run-off & irrigation

VIEW

FERTILE SOIL

HABITAT PROVISION

RECREATION & TOURISM

FARMERS

> Highlight the important path

> Opening visiona towards the green hills > Linking environments

> Productive soil

> Creating condiotions for biodiversity / flora & fauna

> Urban servicies , lightning , urban furniture , shelter

>Attract local farmers introducing exchange of knowledge - workshops > Seasonal markets

CULTURAL SERVICES

DENSITY

SUPPORTING SERVICES

REGULATING SERVICES

PROVISIONING SERVICES

Military zones / Zone militare

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Design proposal for military barraks Part

> Demolish fences > Link urban territories > Flexible and permeable area

4

> Opening and integration of surrounding territories > Pole af attraction

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Design proposal for military barraks Part

> Eliminate weak structures > New activities and openings

4

> Remove concrete surfaces and purify the soil > Habitat provision & biodiversity

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Design proposal for military barraks Part

Green roofs > Heat Island Effect > Visual persective > Renewable type of energy

4

> Military hangars as urban green houses > 0-kilometer food > Community gardens

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Design proposal for military barraks Part

4

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Design proposal for military barraks Part

4

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Design proposal for deposits Part

4

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Design proposal for deposits Part

4

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Design proposal for military zones Part

4

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Design proposal for military zones Part

4

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Third landscape concept in the framework of ecosystem services Part

Appreciate what you have

Gilles Clément encourages to adopt something of the perspective of wild, opportunistic plants that are quick to colonize disturbed and abandoned spaces.

Guide spontaneous vegetation

See hidden potential

Spontaneous vegetation may be used as a part of green design by creating clear boundaries, shaping directions with a combination of new plantations.

“A friche (neglected land) is a parcel of land left behind to the unhindered development of plants that settle there” Gilles Clemént, 2005a

4

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Third landscape concept in the framework of ecosystem services Part

Magazzini Aeronautica

4

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Reuse of containers in the framework of ecosystem services Part

Containers as big lego

There is infinite number of possible combinations.

This modular structure is useful as for small temporary architecture as for large constructions.

Rapid construction

Even large units made of shipping containers are assembled in a very short time.

4

Resistance

Containers armor is resilient to climate changes - low temperatures, hot climate, salinity, strong winds and other type of drawbacks.

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Reuse of containers in the framework of ecosystem services Part

Changes with you

Modular structure of containers can permit all changes in a short time according growing necessities.

Citizens of the world

Eco friendly

Containers reusable.

are

recyclable

4

and

Abandoned containers can be found everywhere.

Their presence in construction reduces the use of other materials, minimizes impact on the environment.

They are easy to transport and assembly.

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Reuse of containers in the framework of ecosystem services ‘Container-greenhouse’ works for provision service

Part

4

by supporting a food production

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Reuse of containers in the framework of ecosystem services ‘Container-flexible box’ presents cultural service by hosting temporary

Part

4

educational & cultural

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Time simulation strategies Example of military barrack

Part

4

> Attract to use existing sports facilities Container-greenhouse

> Develop a slow-city infrastructure running and cycling paths > Create an inner pedestrian structure made of system of patches and squares

Container-flexible box

> Equipe space with urban furniture adapted for hosting people, organizing events like workshops, open air-cinema and co-working > ‘Container-greenhouse’ for cultivation > ‘Container-flexible box’ for hosting cultural and educational temporary events like exhibitions and festivals

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Time simulation strategies Example of military barrack

> Purify of the soil and prepare it for further plantation

Part

4

> Organize community gardening where people not only cultivate food but also gather together

> Reuse military hangars as greenhouses for urban farming > Introduce an alternative energy source > Recognize & preserve the third landscape

> Create green roofs of low building in order to provide a “layered landscape� > Plant different types of landscape : Therapeutic landscape / fruit plantation / specific vegetation for encouraging biodiversity and fauna 62 / 63

Time simulation strategies City scale

Part

4

Cagliari in 2006 was choosen by ISTAT among the greenest cities in Italy also thanks to the great extension of military bases which situated in natural areas. So can the military city become an ECO-city for real ?

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THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION