Figure 4-3 Pedestrian Refuge Design

Source: Austroads Guide to Road Design Part 4 2021 – Intersections and Crossings - General.

Figure 4-3 Pedestrian Refuge Design

Raised Pedestrian Crossings (Zebra)

Raised pedestrian crossings (Zebra) are generally the same dimensions as flat top road humps (with pedestrian priority provided with the use of ‘zebra’ style line markings). It provides priority to pedestrians as well as acting as a traffic-calming measure. The minimum length of the device, including ramps is six metres, and the desirable minimum height of the platform is 100 mm. Raised pedestrian crossings (Zebra) generally have ramp gradients of 1:15 to 1:20 to be bicycle and/or bus friendly. Raised pedestrian crossings (Zebra) can be used when the warrant for such a traffic control is met as required in AS 1742.10.

Tactile Ground Surface Indicators (TGSI’s)

TGSI’s should also be provided to indicate the edge of the roadway to visually impaired pedestrians.

Transport for NSW Requirements for Pedestrian (Zebra) Crossings

The Transport for NSW (previously RMS) Australian Standard Supplements 2013, section 6.3, provides practice for numerical warrants for a pedestrian (zebra) crossing. It is warranted where in each of three separate one hour periods in a typical day where:  The pedestrian flow per hour (P) crossing the road is greater than or equal to 30 and;  The vehicular flow per hour (V) through the site is greater than or equal to 500 and;  The product PV is greater than or equal to 60,000. Special Warrants may also be considered where consideration can be given to a potential pedestrian crossing site. In such circumstances, council should justify why this location is in need of special consideration. The special warrant conditions state that:  PV ≥ 45,000 and;

 P ≥ 30 and;

 V ≥ 500.

Other further reduced warrants apply where a crossing is predominately used by the children and elderly. Transport for NSW has indicated that these warrants have been primarily developed for use on state roads. Where a crossing is proposed on a road where Council is the roads authority, it can be based on these warrants or other criteria based on Austroads and Australian Standards.

4.3 Methodology for Identifying Pedestrian Needs

4.3.1 Identification of Activity Generators and Primary Routes

The following approach was used to develop a hierarchy of pedestrian needs:

Primary Pedestrian Activity Zone

This is typically the main commercial street. Throughout the day, pedestrians are attracted to this zone from surrounding residential areas: therefore, it is an important trip attractor. Also, there are high levels of pedestrian activity occurring within this zone, making it an important area for internal pedestrian movements (between shops and to car parking).

Secondary Pedestrian Activity Generators

This includes shops, schools, TAFEs, sporting facilities, clubs, hospitals and community facilities such as churches that are not located within the Primary Pedestrian Activity Zone. These land uses will attract people, but possibly only at certain times of the day or week.

Tertiary Pedestrian Activity Generators

These include the above land uses from the Secondary Activity Generators, but differentiate them based on a lower level of activity. Again, these are not located within the Primary Pedestrian Activity Zone.