Art in Architecture: from Constructivism to Deconstructivism [ book of text ] by Claudia Scaravaggi

Book of Text

Art in Architecture: from Constructivism to Deconstructivism

ATP | Architecture Theory and Practice | Professor Ivica

Covic | Politecnico di Milano, Scuola di Architettura e SocietĂ | Course of study Architecture. Students: Claudia Scaravaggi (822934), Matilde Valagussa (834113), Laura Zura-Puntaroni (833601), Cherie Lulu Shimris (833850), Nadezhda Safronova (832804).

Index

ABSTRACT

Art in Architecture: from Constructivism to Deconstructivismm

CONSTRUCTIVISM Ivan Leonidov

Architecture of soviet avangard, K. Magomedov p. 45

- Ivan Leonidov 1902-1960, Alessandro De Magistris

DECONSTRUCTIVISM Jacques Derrida

- Deconstructivist Architecture, Mary McLeod p. 71

- Adesso lâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;architettura, Jacques Derrida

Bernard Tschumi

- The Manhattan Transcript, Bernard Tschumi -Bernard Tschumi, Zenith de Rouen, Todd Gannon -The Architectural Paradox, Bernard Tschumi -Architecture and Disjunction, Bernard Tschumi

p. 85

p. 127

Peter Eiseman

- La fine del Classico, Peter Eiseman - Inside Out. Scritti 1963-1988, Peter Eiseman p. 159

Rem Koolhaas

-The meaningless Popularity of Rem Koolhaas, Anna Klingmann -The Operative Criticism of Rem Koolhaas, Frances HSU -Koolhaas e il mito della Floating Swimming Pool, da Rem Koolhaas/OMA, Roberto Gargiani p. 191

Zaha Hadid

- Digital Hadid, Patrik Shumacher - Drawn into space, Lebbeus Wood - The Modernity of Zaha Hadid, Detlef Mertins

Asynptote

p. 215

- Flux, Hani Rashid, Lise Anne Couture - Asymptote, Architecture at the interval, Hani Rashid, Lise Anne Couture

Abstract

“Book of Text” is a collection of books, articles and scripts analyzed and ri-elaborated in order to find out connections and a common theme going through different point of views. Our research starts from the analysis of the period of the russian avangard movement, connecting art and architecture, in particular trying to find art’s influences inside the architectural world. As far as the russian Constructivism is concerned, the main intention of this book is to underline its main characteristics – it starts from pure spaces and colours, transferred to architecture by Malevic, Tatlin, El Lisickiy, reaching Ivan Leonidov’s architecture – one of the bases of deconstructivism theories. Going deep with the research, is important to underline the real starting point of deconstructivism architecture, “Deconstructivist Architecture” at Museum of Modern Art. It is a concentration of similar strains from various parts of the world. Now that a clear link between constructivism and deconstructivism is established, it is important to focus on the new generation of architects, deeply influenced by Leonidov’s theories and also contaminated by art. Bernard Tschumi, Eisenmann, Rem Koohlaas and Zaha Adid are analyzed in this text, in order to better understand their conception of space, of architectural theory and practice and how their work is strictly connected with art. On one side the reader can found a practical research about architecture, while on the other hand the entire work goes throught philosophical theories, taking mostly in account Derrida’s toughts. Jacques Derrida can be considered the philosophical father of deconstructivism. He is included in our research because of his important theoritical premises. Moreover Derrida is deeply related with the architects analysed from us. Actually in 1986 Bernard Tschumi invited Jacques Derrida and Peter Eisenman to collaborate on one of the projects of

the gardens of the “ promenade cinématique “ at parc de la villette in Paris. The project of Derrida and Eisenman has never been realized because rejected by institutional clients. That occasion was really important because can be considered the beginning of the meeting between the deconstruction philosophical theory and the architectectonical practice. Talking about Bernard Tschumi, The Manhattan Transcripts and Architecture and Disjunction are foundamental books to better understand his theories – his main interest is in space, in its disjunction and in a new way of seeing architecture. The architectural practice is seen as an event and its emotional characteristics are underlined – reality is deconstructed in autonomous elements, that have to be analyzed with their contrappositions and controversity. Peter Eisenman, focuses his attention on a very important topic for our research: the extreme value of the design process and of the representation of the architectural design. This leads us to talk about his practice as a “conceptual architecture”. As conceptual art can exist even without the work of art, Eisenman’s architecture can exist even without architecture: what is important is the process, the architectural object is used just to formalize the creative process, it is not the final aim. Relation between Rem Koolhaas and art is visible mostly during the first period of his projects. In his manifesto projects a strong relation with surrealism, Magritte and Dalì can be seen; his vision of reality is influenced by pop art, but also by iconographic images of various genre, from cubism to artistic romanticism. Zaha Hadid’s carreer starts from the reinterpretation of Malevich’s tectonics: her early works analyzed are strictly connected to the neo constructivism theories. Most of her projects starts with an abstract way of representation, taking it forward to the next step of converting them into a clear way of modern architecture. As the digital world have developed

zaha hadid took her work a few steps forward, using strong and innovative computer softwares, which allow her to explore more unordinary shapes and concepts. To conclude the research, practise of contemporary bureu â&#x20AC;&#x153;Asymptoteâ&#x20AC;? was taken. Their architecture takes roots from constructivists and taking in consideration deconstructivists. As avangardists of the beginning of 20th century has gone to the basis of form, colour and space development, Asymptote has done the same but adding such interesting questions as light, sound and internet net. The whole reseach is done always keeping a critical point of view, underlining and elaborating important texts, that are used as a tool for the composition of this book. Going back to connection between architecture and art, is important to understand that this link somethimes is really clear, while other times it is almost hidden â&#x20AC;&#x201C; the reader has to keep always a critical point of view, taking in account the historical, political, cultural background of each architect and its works. All the reseach work is supported from the study of the book Architectural Theory since 1968, one of the most important tool at our disposition.

CONSTRUCTIVISM