الإمارات الثقافية issue 40 r by SBZC Mags

f£ :¡D* f0b~zD* ¯ ¤ D*H ¯b jD* *v+(°* yP R 0 ¶( N * É<(°*H fAb j D vJ*5 + b ~6 yCxE ¤ N ~6 4b:* ¯ E x D*H É<( °*H fAb jD* i°b¸ ¯ ,y£ gO´* f£ D* lbp+&°* bc g~6* ¯ NgcN =R 4N OyCx´* O P R JO f£+x D*H P Í~|gs´* E £ « O JxA bGxT P JO &* v + bGx~{ D fC4b~{´* ¯ Íc=*xD* ebg O D*H Í D'¡´* N 0 O O JO x~{ D* ¡ O N ~{R JN ¤ JxE&* M4°H2 7000H 5000 Í+ rH*ÆJ b£DbE bK cR E lbp+& °* ebp~8& * 9¡ N O }J¡ gD* N N O´ f /ÆD*H f<bc D*H D'D'¡´*H yCx´* Í+ P ÄN R O´* R vP R N D* tJ4b- E i*¡ ´*H y M N ~6 N zP R 1 ,v

:‫اﻟﺸﺮوط‬ 200 150

μ t μ t μ

μ 200

μ μ

t t t

w w w.c m c . a e ½fkG* £*§¡ G* ¨ < ~F|º* E§H u - ¨/|M p§tgG*K mf 6*4zG* 8§ I f 64(¶

μ OÉ–E’G ìhQ Ö◊G äGQÉeEGh +*x g~6(* bK JvcE 2b«(°* x < < f £ ~7 fDH2 E $bBv~8&°* v0&* ¤ D&b~6 rbm D* f £ D* i*5b½(°b+ fF4b E bK Eb< Í +4&*H f +4&* * x < ¡C E F E i*4bE(°* ¯ bE C b D pg£D bC bEH 5b½(b+ + i*¡ ~z+ 6b J ° v0*¡D* :¡D* $b +&* Í+ h / ¤gD* f£ £ ²* 2b«(°* rH4 °¡D Ì1H $b cD* ¯ f £ ²* gc=4H b D ¤ £ ²* bG$b +&* d0 ¡G i*4bE(°* y£Â bE b /&* E f£p~}gD*H y£ gD*H < C H d0 $*4H £A rb½ C y£ DwD d0 ¢ < ¤ + :H *wG d0 H&°* A*2 i*4bE(°* ¯ b G h+x-H ivDH f£+x< f Jv~8 f£ Eb±* ¤g~6*42 bJ&* xCw-&* $b cD* bK c ~8 bC C ÍAx - ° hDbB f£ £~|D* ,5b@@/(°* v + b £ gD&* Í0 xCw-&* b G A2&* &* vJ4&*H £A ivDH ¤ :H *wG i*4bE(°* ¥2É+ < *K v£ + bK ~}J&* :H *wG b D h BH h£ +H b g ~}0 Á* + x ~{- `~7 *wGH bK c0 b cpJ E 2bc- i*4bE(°bA d²* *wG ex g~6&* ° ¤gD* A*x´*H fEv³* I¡g~zE ¯ DH i*4b@@E(°* $b +&* ¡/H ¯ A z£D Ì=H f£~z ± $b jg~6(* Hv+ £ m D v K r*H4&b+ b~}J&* ¤ gpF b F&° gº ~{+ 2b«(°* v£ + gpF f ~zD* wG b§4 f£c - ¯ gDb~z+ xCwgFH -b£p~}g+H + xsg F Jw D* :¡D* $*v ~7 :H bJ r*H4&°b+ Jv F ¤ :¡D* bFv£~{F ¯ 22xF bE Í ¹ :¡D* $*vF b´*H b²b+ H vD*H rHxDb+ Jv F F bE *wGH ib£p~}gDb+ c-x- Í0 bG4¡~8 /&* ¯ ¢ mg- d²* f < $*vA *K 4b ~8H *K 4bcC D Jv g~zE pF bE *wGH :¡D* $*v ~7 A f£Db D* 94&°* w D Í´b D* e4 E f F b £~8b - + ¥2ÉcA i*4bE(°* f F ¢ < Ñ* x ~7&* vJ ¥&* E 4w²*H *K v£/ bcgF(°*H b £ < f Abp´* b E d/¡g~z- f D* wG H 4*x g~6(*H E&* ¢ < f Abp´* ¡G bF2ÉcD F bE B* b + 6b~z´* Hb« ¯ ¤ A4&* $b D*H fcp´* eb£. ¯ ¤ A4&* xs D*H y D* eb£j+ ¥2É+ bJ ¤ A4&* £A E4 ,43 C ¡cpJ ,2bBH d ~7 y< ÍE%* -2bBH ·b D* :¡D* *wG E&* Ñ* 0

< x D* } + ¯x ´*H ·b ±* £ ~{+ ¤0x~z´* 9x D* 9x D* J¡pg+ £ D* v0H ¡G g c- ¤gD* fJx D* f_ D* rH4H Gw+ bcg~7°*H f _~6&°* ,4b@@.(° +bB <bA )bC ¶(* bm~zF°* E ¡F 1 ¢ < oxs´* ,4vB ¢ < *K v g E ¤ g´* ¯x ´*H ·b ±* Jx~| D* Í+ Á¡E4b D* f£0x~zE $b ~6&* ¡12 b/x ´* E b D* *wG ,4HvD d~zpJ 9b1 k£0 o*x@@1(°* v£ ~8 ¢ < bK ~8¡~|1 ,vJv/ f£+bc~7 f£/*x1(°* b +4b© ¶H&* ¤+b<yD* v£ ~6H ¤E¡p D* £G*x+(* ¯ oxs C ,xE H&° ¤~zEb~{D* v 0&* 4b~7 b C rx~z´* ¯ Í£ gD*H iÉj ´*H Í j ´* ¶(* fAb~9(°b+ b/x ´* *wG ,ÌcC f£+bmJ(bC ,x@@E H&° rx~z´* f+x© ¡~9¡sJ JwD* y£ gD* ¶(* ¡~8¡D* ¯ v gmJ ¥w@@D* b/x ´* *w D d~z« Ix1&* v + ,4H2

121

2zCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CG* 2 0 1 5 K&¸* £§CIfF |Cg CC M2

b~{< h ~7H h ~7&* b´b: ¤gD* b@@ @J(°* fc D ¶(* o¡D¡ D rx~z´* C E bG¡ 1 f£0x~z´* 9Hx D* } + 2¡ 1 4*x~6&* E (* ¡ - &* v + ¡ ~}´*H ~{D* v£ ~8 ¢ < JxCH x E ¡G bE ~zFH f£~6v D* -b~6b£BH ~{+ x.'¡´* 4¡ JvDb+ h g0* vB fJv ~{E ,4¡~8 jÂ g m+ 9x DbA | D* ,v <H $bJ5&°* v~7* ¯ ¢g0 f£Db ±* ibE¡ ´* 42b - &* b D Â ° ,x~6%* f~z~6'¡´* f£ D* x~8b D* g b´ *K x F fJHb~6&b´* i°b²* ¤0x~z´* 9x D*H f£Db ±* f £ D* 8*¡1 E ,4¡~|D* b£ D :Hx~7H f£Db ±* ÌJb EH f£Ax ´* @@-*2v@@¹ D v£±* ¢ jg~zJ °H b~| F H2 f EbC £A v/¡- &* dmJ ¤gD* f£ gD* ,Ä³* x~| < °(* ¤+bc~{D* ¤0x~z´* 9x D* ¯ C D3 E Eb gA bK )*2 z£DH bK Fb£0&* 9x D* b F*v A +xJ vB ¤gD*

ìô°ùŸ "âbh ádCÉ°ùe" á«Mô°ùe âë°ùàcG ≥ah ¿ÉLô¡ŸG õFGƒL πª› »∏gC’G »HO º«μ– áæ÷ Ö«°ùæJ

¢~}E ¥w@@D* b@@ @D*H b@@ @D* *w@@G 5¡@@A ~6¡J ~z² ~{J $b@@J5&°*H ¯ Ix@@1&* y)*¡/H ¤0x~zE 9x< ~}A&* ,y)bm+ oxs´* *w D D3 C ~{J ° bGÌ=H ¢ £~6¡´*H 4¡ JvD*H ebc~{D* rx~z´ ¤+2 b/x E ¯ fp~9*H f ~|+ D hFbC ¥wD* Í j D £BvD* 4b£g1°* ¯ ~6b - < f +b~zD* -*4H2 ¯ xJb g- ¤GH £j gD* y)*¡/ ¶(* ,x~zp+ G4b F&* *¡ /H JwD* ¡ J &* H2 Ix1&* ib£0x~zE ¡A «H ~6H'H4 ¡A E G*¡A&* E h/x1 ¤gD* Hx²* dc~z+ d£~|F b E D I'HxD*H ¤.*v²* e¡ ~6&°* °(* bGw F&* bE ¤gD*H fp~9*H Ì= | D* ,x A b~|J(* ¯ ~6¡J ~z0 bGb c- ¤gD* ,x~8b ´* 4¡ Jv D 6H4v´*H c~} ´* Jx« w F&* b C ¤ g´* ¶(* b £ / D¡12H fJb + ¢ £~6¡´*H ob£Cb´*H z+É´* 4b£g1*H x~8bF Àb= v g/* "f~z ±*" f£0x~zE ¯ 9x D* f£ + ¯ Í j» f:b~6¡+ 4¡ ±* ¶(* | D* ¡ ~}E b~|J(* ¯ fJ¡ D* b gÂ *w D* " ¡A*2 + b ~6"H "Ñ* bE v 0&*" °bF &b@+ b G4¡~}0H b 0 < b A*2 Jw D* 4¡~}²*H bE&°* xQ + ¶(* 9x D* É~8H&*H £j gD* y)*¡/ ¡ gD* &* 0ÉF b@@ @D* *w@@G ,4H2 ¶(* @@ @<&* ,x F ¯H fJx D* ib0Hx D*H f£/*x1(°* @@64*v@@´* ¢ < x~|g J µ 9x D* b E dCÆJ ¤gD* x~8b D* £ / ~7 + d~zpA eb~7 D'¡E ¢ < bG4b~zpF* E =xD* ¢ <H 8¡~| DbA v£ ~6" ¡G f ~6 Í.ÉjD*H f~zEb³* ~6 h« *yJ bE v0*H b DÉ1 E ~|0H "fc D*" f£0x~zE dgC ¥wD* "¤+b<yD* °(* ¤0x~z´* £D&bgD* ,y)b/ ¢ < f~zAb E ¥&* 2¡@@/H H2 ~{D* ¯ f gºH f<¡ gE i$b@@/ 8¡~| D* ib0Hx: &* 8¡~|F ¢ < 2b g<°* ¯ Í/xs´* i*4b£sA ¡ ~}´*H v/b´* v 0&*H £ ²* £A¡-H zF¡J f ~6b+H qDb~8 Ñ*vc< qDb~8 Ñ*vc A < lvpgF ¥wD* 5*¡gD*H ¡ gD* *wG hp E f ~6b+H l*Æ@@D* ¶(* ~| + d@@G3 "f~z ±*" f£0x~zE ¯ ¯ £ ²* £A¡-H f£ B*¡ D i5bpF* "i¡ D $b~zE" ¯ zF¡J f£<b g/°* bJv£E¡ D* ¶(* v E &b± "f~8b~8xD*" v ´* ~|F fJyExD* e¡. iv@@-4* v A v/b´* v 0&° "hBH fD&b~zE" b@@E&* ib0Hx D* ¯ ¡ gD* *wG {£ ´* B*¡D* ¢ < b -b:b ~6(*H °K H&* fJx A fE¡ E rx~z´* &* 4bcg<b+ bK £Ax E b/x ´* Ix.&* y «H g £º Ìj-H ¤ g´* < ¥w - $¤~7 CH cBH

á«LGôNE’G ¢SQGóŸG ≈∏Y ô°üà≤j ⁄ ´ƒæàdG πª°T πH ,Ö°ùëa ájôμØdG äÉMhô£dGh ¢Vô©dG É¡æe ÖcÎj »àdG ô°UÉæ©dG ™«ªL

¤E¡p D* £G*x+(* o*x1(* zF¡J f ~6b+ £A¡- £D&b- v@@J*5 b£< rx~z´ f~8b~8xD* f£0x~zE ¤+b<yD* v£ ~6 o*x1(* £ ²* v£ ~6 £D&b- ¡ D ebc~{D* rx~z´ fc D* f£0x~zE ¤~zEb~{D* v 0&* o*x1(* ¤+b<yD* v 0&* £D&b- ¤ G&°* ¤+2 rx~z´ hBH fD&b~zE f£0x~zE ~6¡J ~z0 o*x1(* v/b´* Ñ*vc< £Db- ¤c ~{D* ¤+2 rx~z´ f~z ±* f£0x~zE x~8bF Àb= o*x1(* qDb~8 ¸ ¤ G&°* ¤+2 rx~z´ "hBH fD&b~zE" f£0x~zE hp~zgC*H ,4Hv@@ D* w@@G £ « f ± d£~z - @@AH b@@/x@@ @´* y@@)*¡@@/ f m D b~z£)4 d/4 ~z0 3bg~6&°* E h D&b- ¤gD* b/x D ,3b@@g@~@6&°*H 6bc D* ¡@@+&* 2¡ ¹ 3b@@g@~@6&°* @@E @@C fJ¡~}<H ~|£A 3bg~6&°*H | D* v ¹ 3bg~6&°*H 0xD*vc< f~{)b< bg1 ¯ -b£~8¡-H GxJx - ¯ *Hv@@C&* JwD*H ¤ E4vD* £ -H eb~{D* ¥¡~z D* x~| D* eb g~6* ,4Hx~9 b/x ´* Í£0x~z´* Í D'¡´* £m~{-H 9Hx D* ¢ < x~{´* 4H2 b/x ´* xCH ¢p~| D* f£+x D* f Db+ b gG(°*H ebc~{D* E Dw+ b@@´ µb@@~@6 @@£@G*x@@+(* xJv D* ¤@@-*4b@@E(°* ¤0x~z´* ¤+x D*H ¤ p´* rx~z´* fEv1 ¯ 2¡ /H i*$b < bGb c- ¤gD* ib0Hx D*H I'Hx@@D* 2v - ,4Hv@@D* w D d~z«O f gº f£0x~zE @@64*v@@E ~9 eb@@c@~@{@D* ¡@@/x@@s@ ´* s- µ x@@:&b@+H fJyExD*H f£cJxmgD*H f£ B*¡D* Í+ h<¡ Ä< b =H y£ b/x ´* q E ¡ gD* *wG bJv£E¡ D* E ¤0x~zE c g~z§ x~{cJ v<*H ebc~7 b 0x: ¤gD* £~9*¡´* ¤E¡p D* £G*x+(* dG3 "i¡ D $b~zE" ¯ x@@G*5 ¤-*4bE( * Q K *4*Æ@@/* } cD* bGv/H ¤gD*H f£ £~6É D* f£ B*¡D* ¶(* bE&* f ~6 Jx~{< cB ,x cE hFbC b§4 fÂvB d£Db~6&° f£/*x1(* fJ'H4 v A "fc D*" f£0x~zE ¯ ¤~zEb~{D* v 0&* Ì= Jy£ gE Í j» ¢ < v g<*H ,4¡ gEH fjJv0H fJv/ ¶(* dG3 F(* k£0 f£/*x1(°* fJ'HxD* E 7b gJ µ | D* &* "f~8b~8xD*" f£0x~zE ¯ bK Eb x1%* 2*H ¯ o*x@ @1(°*H 2*H M M ¡« ¥w@@D*H D'¡´* "¤+b<yD* v£ ~6" E -*3 x@@E&°* 4x D'¡´* ¤+b<yD* &* HvcJ b GH 9x D* *wG ¯ o*x@@1(°* ¶(* °H ,4Hv@@D* wG ¯ ~| J bE C ,Ä³* hFbC oxs´* H&*

2zCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CG* 2 0 1 5 K&¸* £§CIfF |Cg CC M2

120

Ñ*vc< *Hx´ ¤0x~zE hJx+H&* 9x + b/x ´* rbggA* $b/ ebc~7 i°¡ + 4¡Q ~8 ¥w@@D*H "190 fc£g D*" *¡ + qDb~8 b~}g~6* b C ib~6v ´*H :¡D* < 2Hw@@D* ¯ i*4b@@ E(°* f<¡ gE f£+bc~7 f£0x~zE b~9Hx< 2b F* bJ&* É1 b/x ´* rx~z D i*4b@@E(°* b/x E ¯ b D* *wG ¯ ~9x< ® b» ib/bgF DwCH ,Ì~| D* ib£0x~z´* 9Hx<H ¤ Eb±* Hb gDb+ ¡ D*H fAb j D ¤+2 f_£G b g F f£0x~zE 74H E b D* *wG ,4H2 h/yE k£0 fDHvD* r4b~zE E 2v< E ebc~{D* Í£0x~z´b+ 2*HxD* E rx~z´* ¤ Qg ´ ,Ä³* b/x ´* ·b£D ix.&* ¤gD* ib~7b D*H i*$b D*H i*Hv D* Ä< ,*¡ D*H £ < ¡Q J bK JÈE ÉK ~8*¡-H bK Jx A bK pBÉ- ~7 b» b/x ´* hC4b~7 ~8bF ¤ c g~zE ¤ ¹ ¤0x~zE tJ4b- f+bgC ¯ *K ÌjC f£0x~zE 9Hx< z 1 b/x D f£ ~6xD* f +b~z´* ¯ ·bgDbC i$b/ f£ ¹ £D&b- ¡ D b A4¡1 rx~z´ i¡ D $b~zE f£0x~zE

119

2zCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CG* 2 0 1 5 K&¸* £§CIfF |Cg CC M2

E fÂxC fJb<x+H ¡ D*H fAb j D ¤+2 f_£G E ,42bc cA f_£ D* z£)4 ¡g E %* v~7*4 + v ¹ + v/bE t£~{D* ¡ ~6 f ~6bgD* -4H2 ¯ ebc~{D* rx~z´ ¤+2 b/x E b <&* h gg1* f£0x~zE ,Ì~z§ Ä A¡F E x~{< ¥2b²* ¢g0 ix g~6* ¤gD* ¡ gD *vG&°*H I'HxD* ,2v gE f~74¡+ 2007 b D* ¯ i&*v+ i*4b@@E(°* ¯ rx~z´* $*¡D h« J¡~} ´* £ ± Ì1 f«bA bK Eb< ¡pgJH Ä JH b/x ´* *wG *¡ £D ebc~{D* f~8b1H )*¡B &b ; iH4 8b³* b Fb£C b D ,xGb - ¶(* b< v + Í j»H Í/xºH Í D'¡E f+b~{D* f£0x~z´* $b ~6&°* E d~zpJO k£0 ¤0x~z´* 9x D* x~8b < ¯ Í g~{´* ¤Bb+H ±* *wG ¶H&°* gB*x~7(* w EH ebc~{D* rx~z´ ¤+2 b/x ´ ,v0*H f A2 v0*H b E ¯ v/H&* ¥wD* ¤+bc~{D* ¤0x~z´* cG*¡E &* *¡C42&* b £0 Í+¡G¡ D b p E ¤gD* f~8x D*H ¯b .H ¤EÉ<(* @@15 ~6H fc~{³* ¢ < I2'¡gD b@@ @F*H&* %* ¤<b g/*H ¤0x~zEH

9 ifg G* v| ¼ «+2 £f/|¤H p ..IôeÉ¨eh IôjÉ¨e á«HÉÑ°T iDhQ ~)*§¹* u k - ]lEK jG&f H^K μ .2015

2zCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CG* 2 0 1 5 K&¸* £§CIfF |Cg CC M2

118

Ä1&* b´b D e¡G &° b g c~6 ¤gD* iÉ0xD* H&* f 0xD* wG ,Ì1&°* b g´b E ¯ xE&°* 4xCH :¡E ¡G c±* F&* g/H5 dFb±* *wG ¯ *K ÌcC *K v / w+ xJ¡~|gD* Bb: &* vC'¡´* E xJ¡~|gD* B¡E ¯ 4¡~}²* hc - ¤gD* vGb~{´* ¯ bK ~8¡~|1 Bb D* C &* bK ~}J&* vC'¡´* EH B*¡ D f£Cb¹ vGb~{E 1H - f~| + £ J £A ~8 /&* E 24bcD* ¡±* ,¡~zB « f AbB Ì~6 cg- hFbC ¤gD* ib:b gD°* ÍJxEb ´* E f<¡ m´* 4b£g1* bK ~8¡~|1 Ìc gD*H $bCwD* fJb= ¯ hFbC Í ~zg´* bc±* ix ; k£0 ,x)b: f ~6*¡+ ¢ <&* ¶(* *ÌEb D* 0 f ~zg´* ,Ì ~|D* b~z/&°* gc- b F&bCH $b~}£cD* ,¡ D x~{cD* f /*¡E < £A ~8 ¯ g£F oxs´* sJ µ P x<H D3 $b .&* ¯ -b£~|s~7 < ~{ D* E f £c D* B¡g£~6 ¤gD* ib£~|s~{D* /H b@@E*4v@@D* ¡/ sJ £C v < B¡- . ¤ ²* b£~6 E E yCxE ¯ bK 0° bGv < b £ < xQ E ¤gD* ,b~6&b´* - {£ J 4¡ ±* /H ibJb D* wG bK Eb< Hx~{<

117

2zCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CG* 2 0 1 5 K&¸* £§CIfF |Cg CC M2

¡~8¡D* ¯ *K ÌjC q½ f £c D* ,¡ D É~zg~6°* f ²H fJb D* ib£~|s~{Db+ d gD*H µ&°* vcg~zJ bEv < f 0x´* wG ¶(* ¤ - ¤gD* f ~8*¡´* E ~}A&* *K 4b£g1* i¡@@´* 4*x@@B qc~|JH Í j ´* E )*4 Bb: ~} + q½ xE&°* *wG ,bm D f~8xA *¡~z£D– ¡m D* E b +b~{E *2v< vGb~{F f £ B ÉA&* ¯ b§4 b £~zD* ¯ *K v£/ D* *HÄ1 » + A bc~7 ¡½ -4bE b Db£/ b/ 4ÉC ~zJb/ jE bK ~}J&* f g~z´* *wG Çm J34H b~6 ÍDHx+ 7¡/ ¤ g £F *4b£C ~64vF&* f /*¡E < ~{ D* ¯ FbG4 £ D pJ &* b g~6* 4¡~}²* bK <¡: b D É~zg~6°*H b D¡cBH b E ¡³* i¡´* ¡ £~6H ¡~z £F b@@£@ @JH f+bgC @@E h~zJx J(* ¡J4b £~6 &* | D* Hb@@0 fAHx E f£ B*H f~|B ¶(* v g~zJ ¥¡A¡£+ EH x<b~{ D bK Jx« ÈC&°*H ,¡~zB ÈC&°* b )*y/&b+ gpJ Q - &* h ~}A e¡G f/H5 & * l*v0&°* wG < bK ~}J&* Hx ´* ® bEv + ,b£²* £A 4bA ¥wD* ~z F b ´* ¯ b /H5 fj/ bJbp~9 $*¡~6 c±* E ,Ìj D* kj±* b~{gF° JxA b~64(*

º∏«ØdG êôﬂ (QƒcÉeQƒc QGRÉàdG) ™ÑàJ ≈∏Y Gk ô°üe GóH IÉfÉ©ŸG ógÉ°ûe IÉ°SCÉŸG •É≤àdGh ájÉ¡ædG á£≤f óæY ΩÓ°ùà°S’G á¶◊h ,á©«Ñ£dG Iƒ≤d ‘ Gk Òãc í‚ √òg ¤EG ∫ƒ°UƒdG ÉeóæY ;á∏MôŸG Ö©àdGh ⁄C’G óÑà°ùj äÉ«°üî°ûdÉH

H&* bC ÍDHx+ 7¡/ j ´* Jb+ ~zg´* 1996 ¡JbE 10 ¡J f 0xD* gA v0*H vG 2¡ ~|Db+ ¤BbcD* x g~6* b £A z gD*H fJ'HxD* ¢ < -4vB v A bEv < f £c D* ,¡ D Í ~zg~z´* g Ax+ 2¡ J &* e¡G ~6¡- H 4*x g~6°* ¢ < x~8&* ¥wD* H2 ¡G x1%* ~zgE x1&b- v +H e¡G f Ax+ ¤G f ~8b< hcG ,2¡ D* f 04 $b .&* ¯H 4bgE&* f ~}+ I¡~6 b < ~| J v J µ ¤gD* f D* ¶(* H2 x ~z ´* ¶(* ,2¡ D* < E f£Fb . Q sgA Í ~zg´* ¡ ~8 h0bg/* b <¡F E I¡B&°* ¡C¡~6bJ f£Fb+b£D* f ~zg´* iv ©H bK ~}J&* ibE e¡G ,v<b~zE /&* E 2b< ¥wD* vDH4bGH ibE d~z+ JvJ v A fJ5bm<(* fDb0 c~7 ¯ n jD* h« bGb~}B f £D v + bA&* ¥wD* Jb+ ~zg´*H e¡G H2 E $b cD* 4xQ B bEv < ·¡ + xE&b+ bB ¥wD* e¡G ¢ < *K ÌjC yC4 £ D* ,2HÄD* f/42 iv ©H ~zg~6* D b -2°H f£ < x~}p£D 2¡ J &* Í/ g/H5 x g -H ,2¡D¡E x g J bC f£<b ~8°* 4b B&°* Ä< g/Hy+ h ~|-bA £m~{- f 0xD* ¢ < fAx~{´* Í £G hDHbpA *vJ ¯ ~zm+ ¢ D&bA ,ÌcC ,¡B f p~7 £ - &* g/H5 h<b g~6* -b D* f<b ~6 ¢ < b g ~9HH -b½ xE&* h / ,v<b~z´* ¡~8H f+¡ ~8 D c - ¢ < d gJ &* *K vGb/ Hb0H i*4vp ´* °&*H ,4b~6 b g +* ¤ ~z- &*H b cpJ C g/H5 ÄsJ ¡GH i¡ D eH4 ~zg~6* fJb D* ¯ ÉK £pg~zE vmJ bC ¥wD* x~{£A fJb F ¤G f Jy0 hFbC Ix1&* fJb F bK ~}J&* g£+ ¡G c±* &° *K ÌjC y« f ~8*¡´* ¢ < 42bB v J µH ¢ gF* F&* £E5 Ä1&* f 0xD* E f 0xE ¯ D z gD* ¯ f+¡ ~8 f F v < ,b~6&b´* b gD*H ,bFb ´* vGb~{E cg- ¢ < *K x~|E *v+ 4¡CbE4¡C 4*5bgD* £ D* oxº

2zCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CG* 2 0 1 5 K&¸* £§CIfF |Cg CC M2

116

f 04 ¯ $°'¡G d=xJ *3b´ 'Hb~zgD* ¶(* 4*x~8(°* *wG b AvJ ¡/ Í ~zg´* v0&* ~7 ~z F *'¡~zD* "v0&* b E 2¡ J ° vB ¤ £D )ÉE5 ¢ < 0x A ¤ £C JbE j ´* $*2&* 4¡C*xC ¤gD* f£~|s~{D* gc=4 x:'¡- bK gº bK +*¡/ E v0*H C f E Ì= Hvc- hFbC f+¡/&°* C D vG $*4H ¢ sg ¡/ £j ~zFbG H2 £E5 EQvB ¥w@@D* xJÄgD* b@@E&* ¢ ~6&*" bB bEv < Db+ b gGb+ h~| J D* /H z £G f+b/(°* ¤G wG b§4 " £ g~6&* ¤ F&° h~zJx J(* f B ~zgD ¢ <&* E f~6x~7 fCx E 9¡³ 6b D* d0 1 - ¤gD* cm D bK EH2 b £A f D* ¡ - k£0 µb D* ¯ f B f ´* iÉ0xD* Iv@@0(* < ¤ « h~zJx J(* £A f~|B £G eH4 ,2b£ + ¶H&°* f<¡ m´* Í ~{ g~z´* E Í Jx D b/ j ´* $*2&* x~{£A i¡ ~6 ,2b£ + f£FbjD* f<¡ m´*H &* Í ~zg´* ib<¡ ¸ C ¢ < 9x< e¡G b Db£/ ibc/¡D* b~zgB*H bc²* rÉ~8(*H 2¡ ~|D* ¯ *¡FHb gJ ¥wD* b025ÉD bK c © ,2b D* ix/ b C zAb gD* v+ µÉ~6 ¡A 4Hx´* d g- ¤gD* ,Ìc D* ¡ ~{D* ¯ lvpJ £ gD* e4b© Iv0(* &° ¤ A&* ~{+ ~9¡- f£Fv E ,x A i¡ ~6 c £~6 fJb D* ¯ f.4b + ¤ g - &* i2bC b mJ ,v0*H f<¡ ¸ bg<¡ m´* Ì~|-H Hb gD*

115

2zCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CG* 2 0 1 5 K&¸* £§CIfF |Cg CC M2

114

" . μ μ μ μ .

113

2zCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CG* 2 0 1 5 K&¸* £§CIfF |Cg CC M2

m*zJf H

..â°ùjôØjEG º∏«a j ªg G ,Ô1&¸* j G*

2zCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CG* 2 0 1 5 K&¸* £§CIfF |Cg CC M2

112

*5¡~6 b g1&* E "¤~6¡D" b g +* ¢ < &b@CH b + h gF* "É£Eb+" f£p~}Db+ f@@J*Hx@@D* i&*v@@+ b CH £~8b g+ DH i&*v+ k£0 E h gF* ,x)*2 < ,4bc< fJb ²* f gº eÆ - ¤GH Æ+¡C¡£ D y£ ´* i¡~|D* v cD* ¢ < ~zJ" $*¡ D* Ä< F¡ AxJ b £0 fc D* E $y±* D3 dpJ C b E b£FvD* rxE + x ~{J b g ² Æ+¡C¡£ D* d B ¶(* ~{+ f c ´* ,x@@´* ¯ fc D* d J &* 4xB DH ~|0 "d £~6 E ¡GH x J E ¡ A gº £ - ¤gD*H vm D ,Ìj´* fJ*Hx D Ì@@1&°* ´* ¡G *wG f.ÉjD* b :&°* v@@0&* "HÌG" bC bGb 0 E &* bK <bc F* b /HyD "É£Eb+" fDb~64 m~6 ¥wD*H l2b²* E Í/b D* fJ*Hx D fJv£ gD* f ±* ¤@@GH b -bAH v + -b D* Ä< E ÁbjD* $y±* v - ¤gD*H " +*xD* ¡£D*" *¡ + lv0&°* ."f.ÉjD*" fJ*H4 b< y-¡D ,4b~6 fJy£ ½(°* fc-b D "f.ÉjD*" fJ*H4 i4v~8 x~{ D ¤+x D* 4*2 < f£+x< f c: ¯ bK cJxB 4v~|-H 2014 ,xGb Db+ J5¡gD*H

111

2zCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CG* 2 0 1 5 K&¸* £§CIfF |Cg CC M2

b +bgC gD i*x)b: f +4&°* 2 1 2¡~6&°* z£ ³*" < ."2012 exB < f£ JvD* $*4%°* Í+ ,x D* ¤@@GH µb@@ @ D* f@@Jb@@ @F ¢<vJ J2 /4 HbpJ ¤gD* x D* ¢g~{+ bGv£C&b- "ÍD" b G &b@@+ v g J b cc~z+H Dw+ @@ @F&*H bK @ @ @ @+*4 bK @ £@ /b@@F b~6xA 4¡ ; ,$¡@@c@F g < f£Db£³* $*4%°*H @@£@½(°* ¯ ,4¡@@Cw@@´* f@@ @+4&°* b@@J'Hx@@D* dC¡C ¢ < l2*¡@@²* } + ¯ fJx~{+ Ì= ib )bC iÉ1v *K v£ + f.ÉjD* b :&°* $b +(* Í/b D* e4bB&* HbpJ @@94&°* ¡Ax~|gJ *¡pc~8&* " b :&°*" F&* Ì= i*x@@E*'¡@ ´* < ¤´b< b gG* ¹ *H4b~8 F¡ D b§4 $¤~{D* } + f+*x + ¡BH cB *v@@/ f£~6bB f+xmg+ Hx@@E F&° H&* `/b E ~{+ JH3 ¢ < b£c ~6 x.&* bE ¡GH bGv +H bG$b .&* f.2b²* l*v0&°* ¯ *K v/ x.'¡E b ~} + ib£~|s~{Db+ f_ g» fJ*HxD* ¯ 2¡@@/H IHv@@/ 4v@@F &* H2 E ¢ g1*H x ; b ~} +H ÉK < E h ~8 | D fJv ~{´* f+bg D* &* °(* ¤+2&°* | D* bK £)b £~6 bK £A vGb~{- F&bCH &*x - hF&bA D¡: =x+ *K ÌjE x< ¢g0 G2b~z/&* ibCx0 b +&°* qEÉE Ix- &* Â avgc´* j ´* ÉK jE ¡+ A 24 E dc~|gJ ¥wD* x-¡gD* g/H5 &*¡gD* £1&* - ¤gD* ,x)b D* ¡ ~6 Äs+ < Í0 £~8b - 2x~6 E fc-b D* h £CH bK ~}J&* &*¡gD* bg +*H 4H2 ¯ x JH ,x ~{D* ¯ d=xJ ¥wD* " 64bcE¡ D*" ¡+ ,b£0 £ < fD¡ + 4H2 F&* ¢ < £D(* *K ¡- v ~6&* Ì ~8 v0&* ¯ fE2b1 - ¤gD* f£ JxA(°* ,v£~zD* "É£½&*" x<b~{E ¡A ,x)b: ¡ ~6 Ä1 h - £CH Hb- d£C f Jv§ 5b ´* iÈ< ¢g0 b ~6&*x+ g - i2bC ¤gD* 4b A&°* b g +&* fFb~}0

" .

f¡J ¢H fM*|H

~-§+ ,4f 6 h<|G* i2&* äƒŸG áÑ©d ..áKÓãdG ájGhQ

. μ

" μ

,4b~6 fc-b D J¡~{gD*H d<xD* e2&° ¤ g - fJ*H4 "f.ÉjD*" f +4&* ¯ f E*ygE i*x)b: f +4&* ¡ ~6 l2*¡0 Hb g- y-¡D Ix1&* ·b -ÄD* 0b~zD* exB *vJ4¡ A ¯ ,v@@0*H i*4b@@B f ~8b< Hb- d£C f JvE ¯ fjDbjD* b+b£D* ¯ 4bGbm£CH&b+ ¡m J fJy£ ½(°* 0*¡~zD* ex@@B Ì@@1&°*H b£ JxA&* e¡ / b§4 z£/H ¤+¡+ HÌG b :&* f.É. ,x)b: C E f+¡m<&b+ +*4 : 2¡/¡+ 2b g<ÉD fJ*HxD* b +&* } + A2 bE *wG x<b~{E £~8b - ¯ H&°* x ~zD* w E f@@J*Hx@@D* w@@1&b@ Áb - ¤gD* f JvcD* f£ JxE&°* ,v£~zD* "É£Eb+" z£~6b0&*H ,x)b D* D b£´* ,4H2 ¡12 ¯ d=x-H f £ ~9 fFbjE E 5*ygG°* ¯ &*vc- :¡ D ,2¡ D* b©* ¯ b+b£D* E b - ¤gD* 2bg<* f+b= ¯ ~z- ¢g0 ,2Hv E )bBv+ ÉB(°* d < ,¡ + k£0 f £s´* bG4b~}g0* ib ² b £A 4bpgF°* i¡´* ¤c=*4 f£-¡~8 fDb~64 k c- "HÌG" l2b²* ¯ v£0¡D* ¤/b D* Ix i¡ . b /HyD ¡ p´* b -bG E bC f +4&°* l2*¡²* E ¤)vc´* ¤´b D* É<(°* )b~6H Eb ¡pF £ ±* mgJ &*v+ k£0 fJ*HxD* ¯ ,54bcD* b D* E *v cD* ¯ f£DH&°* ib £ pgD* &* °(* ´* eb@@G4(°* ,x A f£0bF É@@<(°* 4*vg~6bA bK @Eb@@ ,x D* iv cg~6* f@@ @+4&°* gBÉ< < kJvp D gAb~}g~6* Jx: < bJbp~}D* e4bB&* ¢ <&* h£~8 £ « /&* E £+ 4*2 bE x1%*H ÍA¡g´b+ f£ p~|D* f~| D* £ - y-¡D ,4b~6 f£)*HxD* hEvsg~6* k£+*y£D*" D f£~6b~6&°* f cD* h / *w D 2x~zD* ¯ fAb~9(°b+ bK £)b~| g~6* bK £ « ¥x© ¤gD* f£ p~|D* "y £-4bE ¡ ~6 ,xGb; £ pgD 42b~|E E f£ p~|D* i*4*¡@@²* ¶(*

2zCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CG* 2 0 1 5 K&¸* £§CIfF |Cg CC M2

110

μ μ

109

2zCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CG* 2 0 1 5 K&¸* £§CIfF |Cg CC M2

. μ .

μ μ . 15

μ μ

μ .

μ μ μ

1500

μ μ

. μ μ

μ μ

2zCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CG* 2 0 1 5 K&¸* £§CIfF |Cg CC M2

108

. μ . μ

107

2zCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CG* 2 0 1 5 K&¸* £§CIfF |Cg CC M2

μ μ –

IôμÑe ø°S ‘ ∫ÉLôdG øe ÒãμdG äƒe πμ°ûj ¢VGôeCÓd ôNCÉàŸG ±É°ûàc’G ÖÑ°ùH Éægh ,á«≤jôaE’G ICGôŸG IÉfÉ©e øe Gk AõL ¿Gó∏H ‘ Iô°SC’G ádÉYEG AÖY ICGôŸG πªëàJ ô≤ØdG §N â– É¡fÉμ°S º¶©e ï°Vôj

2zCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CG* 2 0 1 5 K&¸* £§CIfF |Cg CC M2

106

μ μ 6

. μ

105

2zCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CG* 2 0 1 5 K&¸* £§CIfF |Cg CC M2

f¡J ¢H fM*|H

äGòdG øY åëÑdG á∏MQh á«≤jôaE’G ICGôŸG

2010

μ .

2zCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CG* 2 0 1 5 K&¸* £§CIfF |Cg CC M2

104

:¢ùª«L ¿ƒdQÉe ∫ƒ≤j ÌcC’G ájGhôdG É¡fEG" âÑàc »àdG IôWÉﬂ ´ƒ°VƒŸG iƒà°ùŸG ≈∏Y ájGhQ É¡fEG .πμ°ûdGh ¤EG áLÉëH âæc .≈ØæŸG ¢SÉ°ùMEÓd áaÉ°ùŸG √òg

b +bp~8&* h J ¡Fb D* o4b1 )*x/ w + 9x g~z- f@@J*Hx@@D* eb D* E ib£Db / f£Fb~zF(°*H f£~6b£~zD* f£ ³* ·HvD*H ¤ p´* *x/(°*H qc D*H D* Í£)*HxD* E Ìj D* < ¢~9b gJ ¥wD* D i°¡@@ @+HÆ@@ @´* ¶(* Í@@c@~@z@g@ @´* f£~{Eb D* $b@@£@0&°* @@+* z £/ ¡D4bE /¡D* ~{ J &* 4bg1* b Jb ±* ¯ f£Fb~zF(°* 0 ¯ ÍExm D ¤ £ ²* É~zD*H g+x© @@< @@z@ @£@/ ¡@@ D4b@@ E ¡@@ @ J ÈC&°* fJ*HxD* b F(*" ,Ì1&°* f£)*HxD* I¡g~z´* ¢@@ @< hcgC ¤@@g@ D* ,x@@:b@@º ¢ ´* f@@J*H4 b F(* ~{D*H ¡~9¡´* 6b~z0(ÉD fAb~z´* wG ¶(* f/bp+ h C ."dB*¡< Hv+ ¡ g~6 b g+bgC &* b§4 ¤gD* x:bs´* < z £/ lvpgJ bK c: lvpgJ ¡@@GH v + ¯ b D 9x gJ vB *y- ° ib+b~|<H f£ £ 0 )bBH < =x+ D *w@@G b E¡J ¶(* ,2¡@@/¡@@E -bG ¶(* b E ¯ ¡GH d£mg~zJ D3 v cD f£Fb~zF(°* bJb~} Db+ *y@@g@ D°* f<b ~8 Í@@+ b@@E bK @£@<b@@ @g@/* 4¡@@Gv@@g@ ´* i*4vs´* 4b©H D*

103

2zCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CG* 2 0 1 5 K&¸* £§CIfF |Cg CC M2

E 2*2y@@ - z £/ fcG¡E h@@Fb@@C *3(* È@@C&* g £º (b@ @A eb@@g@ C ¶(* eb@@g@C ¢ cJ D f@@J*H4 ¶(* f@@J*H4 E $*x@@. f ´*H f£~{Eb D* i*$b~} D bK @£@AH ,ÌcC ,4v@@ B @@ @Â ¤@@g@ D* f@@£@ E*v@@D*H $¡@@~@}@D* £ ~zgD bK @ @ @£@g@E bK @ @ @ @G3H vs J vB b@@G4*x@@~@6&* £ -H b £ < ¢ < £« ¤gD* fJ*HxD* *¡ + a4b D* A @@)*x@@/ c~6H ,Ì~|B fJb 0 &° d@@-b@@ @ D* $b@@ C3 J b@@ @G @@ @D f J¡: fJb 0 ¢ < HÈ £~6 $*x@@ @ D* *¡~zpJ DH ,ÌjC kjm+ HÈ g£~6H f c~zD* ÍExm´* ¡ A*xJ GH ´b+ bE f<b~{+H -$bF2H -4*wB =x+ ¤ Jb ±* b@@~@z@F(°* @@0 ¯ F¡AÆ J I¡ D i*H2&* 2x¸ fJb D* ¯ F&* °(* b E C ¯ ,4w D* bGvJ ~}- f£c /&* g £ ~6 fD¡¹ 4*x g~6°* D vJx- ° E ib@@<*x@@~@ 8 fc D ¶(* g £F&b :H z £/ ¡D4bE vB 3¡ D*H qDb~|´* ,ÌjC *x~8 4'¡@ + < f@@£@+2&* ,4b g~6* i4b~8H f£c /&°* i*x+bs´* b g g1* tJ4bgD* bGb~z J @@D f£Fb~zF(* ¤~6%bE < *K y@@/¡@@E bK @s@J4b@@- *K v@@ @+&* ¡@@ @- @@DH

*w@@G @@ )*x@@ ±* d@@ @ =&* lv@@ « k@@£@0 fD¡ 0 ¤<vg~zJ ¥2x@@~@ z@ D* $b@@~@}@ @D* f JvE ¯ ÉK @ @A 2¡@@/¡@@E ¡@@ @A f@@£@F¡@@C 2¡/¡E ¡g£ D* D bK ~}J&* ¡g~z £C b£Fbc~6(*H f gp´* Í ~z A ¯ bK @~@}@J&* bK ~}J&* £Jb ±* d B ¯ v/¡JH °¡ F&*H ,¡B Í+ `Ab gE Ì D* *x~|D* k£0 f ~}g~zE ,¡@@B Í@@+H fcDb~6H f £ E ÌjC ¯ 4bgs- b@@Gx@@E&* ¢ < f+¡ EH f£<x~7 Ì=H fJx~6 ,b£0 b£0&°* E fÂx±*H x:bs´b+ fA¡ ¹ ± fJx²* ~z D d-b D* q£gJ b C g - f£Ab Jv ~zD* =b +¡C f JvE ,2b< EH f 1b~6 fJ4*vE f E ¶(* ¶(* f£DH2 i*$b~}A pJ &* z £/ ¯ ,2*xA ÈC&°* D f£ p´* -*$b~}A ¢ < -4vB ¯ j gJ f£)*HxD* g+x© f£ Jb ±* f£~{Eb D* fm D* £ © E f@@j@ @c@ @´*H ,2b@@ @²* f@@£@ @ Jx@@E&°*H jÂH fJ¡EvD*H f £ D* ib<*x~|D* *K v£ - ÈC&°* f£~|s~{D* "yDHH ¥5¡/" ¥¡@@ @ @D* Ím gD* *w@@G @@< bK @ /3¡@@¿ ¥5¡/ ¤ g J bEv < fJ*HxD* ¯ 5Ä@@JH f£ JxE&°* i*x+bs´* fDbCH 2*xA&* v0&*

fJ2x~6 f£ + ¶(* b D¡pJ £C x@@< fJ2x~zD* i*4¡ ´*H i*¡~8&°* ,2v gE E G f gB f c~zD x F ib /H 9x fBx D* ¯ BbA4H ·4bE e¡+ gB Hb0 f£)b D* ~7 b F&* ¢ < f@@J*Hx@@D* Íg1b+ x@@< 2v@@ @g@E polyphonie Á¡@@ @ £@ D¡@@+ 1 @@D3 E fJb D* D i*¡@@~@ 8&°* f~zAb g´* i*¡~8&°* wG Í+ bm~zF* f ~z D* w@@G w@@1&* z £/ &* Hv@@c@JH D3 @@E È@@C&* @@+ v@@±* ¹ ¢ < v½ ·bgDb+H bK £~6¡- ¶(* ¢ ~6 v A " gB )*x/ c~zD y/¡E tJ4b-" ¯ v - cacophonie i*¡~8&°* xAb ib£~|s~{D* E ÌcC 2v< É1 E pg J E Ìj D* "75 ·*¡@@0 " o4b1 y J . JvD bE ¡ £D 2x~zD* fJ*HxD* (* ¡ D* Â *w +H tJ4bgD* e4bmgD* E f<¡ gE f<¡ ¸ © b JbEb/ @@E f£ £ 0 ib£~|s~{D bpFbE d-b D* £sgE Í+ b g E&* wsg bK £Fb~zF(* *K v + bGbJ(* "¡g£ D*" @@1*2 f@@J*Hx@@D* l*v@@0&* 4Hv@@-

E ÌcC 2v< E h~}A4 b F&° ÌcC b ~{A E *¡A¡s- JwD* Jx~7b D* ¤ « v@@B z £± ,v@@Jv@@±* f@@J*Hx@@D* b ~9H gB i°Hb@@¹ c~zD *K y@@/¡@@E bEH ·4bE e¡+ ¤ ´* b£g=* fDHb¹ @@D3 @@E È@@C&* b D @@D3 @@< ngF É@@1 @@£@Jb@@ @±* t@@J4b@@- ¤@@ @« ¤@@ @A ¤GH ib£ £Fb jD* fJ*v+H ib£ £ c~zD* f£<b g/*H f£~6b£~6 ib+*x ~9* f 0xE ¯ f@@£@c@ @/&* iÉ@@1v@@- b £A h@@ @Gb@@~@6 =x+H ,v@@p@g@´* ib@@J°¡@@D* b gEv E z £/ &* °(* b -4*wBH f 0x´* f+¡ ~8

p£~7x- v g J ¤C b£Fb Jx+ ¯ ebg D* bK £ ~64 lÉ. z £/ ¡@@D4b@@E ¤@@)*Hx@@D* dgC b £~{D* " ¶H&°* gJ*H4 A ibJ*H4 fFb E gpJ g / ¤@@g@D* "HxC ¡@@/ f £º ¥3 ¤g£JbG ¤@@)*Hx@@C fB¡ExE Í£)*HxD* ¤@@Bb@@+ @@< f gºH ,Ì@@j@E i$b/ . Í£cJ4bC H&* Í£ Jb / ¯ ¤gD* "$b~z D* f £D ebgC" fJ*H4 bGv + fJ*H4 f£ JbEb/ fJ*H4 ~}A&* iÄg<* gJ*H4 bE&* i*xE*'¡´*H 2bc g~6°* < 4b£< E f£+2&* ,&b/b E hFb A fjDbjD*

2zCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CG* 2 0 1 5 K&¸* £§CIfF |Cg CC M2

102

g + a4b D* x~6&bJ fJb D E 2x~6 ."*K v/ fJ¡ D* ¯ bEb< 44 z £/ ¡D4bE {£ J ¡GH ,vpg´* ibJ°¡D* ¯ z£D¡+b£ £E wG ¢ < ~|pJ ¤ Jb / d-bC H&* f )b D* ~9 bK p~7xE bC ,y)b±* Í D'¡E fg~6 h ~}- ¤gD* ,Ì~| D* *4b £=bFbJ b@@£@Fb@@G b@@g@£@ @Jx@@E&°* @@G ¤.4b E ¡- b£Fb JÄD* 4¡ Jb- %*H ¥Ì@@m@ £@ @ D*H b@@-¡@@Gb@@~@ 6 @@£@ ½¡@@~@ 6H ¯ hpgA ,y)b±bA DH ¥5¡ £~{ JwD* µb D* E Í D'¡ D 2013 b D* hFbC bEv + fJy£ ½(°* f Db+ ¡cg J Í£Fb JÄD* ebg D A f~|~|º x~{ J &* h:Æ~7* b D ÍJv DxJ&°*H

101

2zCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CG* 2 0 1 5 K&¸* £§CIfF |Cg CC M2

e3bmg- µb@@< ¯ b p - f +b~{gEH f£~|s~7 75 £A *x@@~@|@D* *x@@ :&* ~zE ¡g~z £C ¡G 2v¹ b E ¯ z / ¶(* fJ*HxD* ¤ g - d-b D* 6&*4 *wG 5Hbmg- b D f£~z£D¡cD* fJ*HxD* fJb 0 ¯ b + 8¡ gD ¤@@+2&°* z ±* f@@J*Hx@@D* v g-" fD¡ ¸H ,x~8b E f@@J*H4 Hv@@ @- b D f@@F¡@@ @¸ f<x~z+ z£)4 rx~8 *w G "bFx~| D f£/3¡¿ bB b C 2HH JbE xC¡+ b@@´* f ± ¯ ¤@@ @+2&°* |~|sg´* bK @ ~@ }@ J&* b < Í+H4 b.bF¡/" "y J¡A" IvD ib £c´* ¡~{0 °H b £A ,2*¡G ° fJ*H4 b F(* " ,ÆA ¢ < ,¡~z + $¡~}D* ¤ - bK ~}J&* bK ~}J&* ¤GH b JbEb/ ¯ *K v/ f+x ~}E

,y)b/ (b@ @A £ < 4b@@ @g@E ¡@@G b C f+¡g E fJ*H4 ~}A&° q xC¡+ b´* E ,v@@@0*H ¤@@G f@@Jy@@£@ @ ½(°* f Db+ µb D* ¯ fB¡Ex´* f@@£@+2&°* y@@)*¡@@±* ib £cEH ,x ~7 y)b D ~}- k£p+ b C µb D* ¯ $*x D* E *K ÌcC *K 2v<H D&* Í~z 1 ¢ < ~|pJ y)b D* &* ~|0 b@@ @D* *w@@G ¤ £DÆ~6(* £ / z £/ ¡D4bE ¤g£Jb D* ¤)*HxD* b £ < c~6 < ,y/¡E fJb 0 " gJ*H4 < ¯ f s~9 f@@J*H4 ¤@@GH " gB @@)*x@@/ f£ £ 0 )bBH ¶(* v g~z- fp ~8 686 b £0 1976 Ä ~zJ2 3 tJ4bg+ &*vc"4¡ ~{´* ¤ ´*" ·4b@@E e¡@@+ 9x f£ = f@@J*Hx@@D* g D* fDHbp´ gBxAH

f¡J ¢H fM*|H 2015

μ "

ª/ £§G4fH « Mf q G 2015 jªIf MÌG* |F§+ £f¼* ïjQÉàdG áÑ°SÉﬁh IôcGòdG IOÉ©à°SG 40

2zCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CG* 2 0 1 5 K&¸* £§CIfF |Cg CC M2

100

,zMz/ L'K4

¬«dEG äGójô¨J l 8

,O v£~| D* RN g.v0 b C *3b´ £g ~7 ¢ < qg gO ib£ =&*H 4L ¡G5 bF&* Oh F b CH "*v<4H bBx+ 'Hb ~6 xm g-

vJ ¢A ¢gD* ,O 4¡ ~| D* b N gN R N 1 ¢gD* ,O 4¡ ~| D* R x~{ N D* ÌN Ab~| D* ¢ g~{- hF&*H ,P xm~{D* ¡A E N N R =b~{J ¢)ÉD* P e4 bJ g¹b~6 ¡ - ,O 4¡ ~| D* T *ÆBb+ b <H exD* < L ~{ E hF&*H P U ~{ D*

N cF *4&* Oh CH ,K xm~7 Á*x@@- Nh C mJ vB c D* &* *4*x@@E Nh@@ @B $b@@E b <HxA b B4b - ,N xm~{D* &* Oh BH &* H2 x1%°* ¡ - *v0*H b<¡: H&* *x B b <v1 *w GH ,2¡ D b Jx: *¡~z gJ O @±* S &* Oh£~zF ¤ F&° bFÉC mA *v@ ¢~{ < IHx- &* Nh£~zFH N Q ;P O&*

,x.x.H Í-5b + ¢<¡D* O v P R -O N ¢g ~8 ¢ < O £ -H g£~{0H Eb +

~9&* b jJ4 É£ B x g - &* £ < bC ¤g ~7 ¢ :&*H ¢ /H ¢ < *¡D&°* } + D c« IwD* ¥yEx D* ¡ Db+ &* £ < bC ¤0H4 fJ¡~9¡A Nh pgB* IwD* t~z´* Ì~8&° ¡:&* bgBH ¤ p vJx-

9 NhF&* xL )b0 d« b J& * Q N ,K v£~|B cO g - ¤gD* ,&*x´* ",L &*xE* b cg - ¤gD* ,v£~| D* &P * $*x@@ =(b@ @+ f@@ @ @ ~@ {@ @ ´* $b@@ @@ @@²* b@@ @ @F&*H *¡@ M @B @@G2b@@ @~@8&* ¢g0 ib@ P @~@ 7*x@@ @ D* h N ~|R O´* ~|= ¢ < N ByByJ

10 &* H2 fM :b~zc+ *w G N cT 0&* b@@F&* N ° hF&* CP xN ~7 ¯ B& bA 5O bm´* ¤ <vsJ E ÈC&* vJ4&* ° %°* bF&*H 5N bm´* d« c B Í+ bE ¢ N ~6H R fM E ¯ ¢ g F &* ¥v)b~|BH

7 f<b~zD* e4b < ¢NS g)P4 ¢ < fP ´* < Áv cfJb D ¤ +x -H

3 < AxJ ° $*xp~8 ¯ IxmJ b~|pC *w G Ix1&°* ~}J ¢g0 bEvB 94& °* K ¤c + Í ²* J

4 RN *4&* ¢ D ²* ¶(* Oh±H Í0 ebcD* =&* &* ¤g D E Oh£~zF fO £S P ±*H P rb@ O @c@~@7&°* £ / *¡ ~zgA *x~|F°* ÆA2H fM Eb~zg+*H @M @/H ~| + Nh@@F&* Nh/x1H ebg<H ,M 4¡-¡E

2zCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CG* 2 0 1 5 K&¸* £§CIfF |Cg CC M2

,zMz/ L'K4

Qƒë°ùe ib~{:x: ~|- ¤GH $bEvD* i*4¡AbF ." ¡ ±* &b~6&*H bGb &* ib+b/(b+ b £< b jJv0 E ¤ ~6 b~9 G" ¤~z F E D* °(* ¤ JHxJ ° ¥w@@D* ¤ £ D* ,ÈC @@E - b Fb~zD &* &* È@@C&* ."" Jy´* ¤ ²* d:x- b D ¤@@-b@@/b@@ @E ¯ x@@ @g@~@6*& ¤ Ax-" b@@ @ -É@@ @ + eb@@~@ 9x@@+ ¤@@ @ A £g´* b@@F&b@ A f@@~@{@Gv@@D* f Fb~8 b@@J ¤@@+ x g ´* + Á*4&* Ì@@:b@@~@6&b@+ C ew -&* C ¥ym + hF&* ¤ Jx ~{-H -bc=4 Í~9x- hF&*H ~6&* bF&*H f £D D¡~}A JÌj-H v@@²* x - ° ¤gD* Bb£g~7* b@@Cx@@+ Í@@c@<*v@@- ¥v@@ @+&°* £D(* ex gJH @@+ bK Bb~|gD* 2*2y£A ix~|A ¤ ~zE vB fJb ²* xp~6 ÈC&* ¡£1H b£³* v§ bK F¡g E bK F¡ ¸ ." G¡D* ib c~8H f £ ²* f ~{D* b F¡£< ¯H ÈC&* ¤ E eÆ ¥x@@-¡@@- 2*2y@@£@ A ¡@@³b@@+ f:¡ s´* fAb²* ¢g0 bK _ g» bK c: · v bF&*" ux~8&* *K v gcE } gF&bA ,4wDb+ 4bJx ~7 b@@J ¡@@ 1&* 4b@@J 3 Ì@@ E&°* hJ*2¡²* d/ ¯ g£ D&* ¥wD* ¡1&* Í+ ¢£pJ &* ¢@@ @< *K 42b@@ @B 2b@@< b@@ @A *K 4b~zJH bK £Â ¤~6&*4 x@@0&* "x~{cD* x@@ @A4&* ¯x@@ @< y@@ @G&* bK @ ~@ |@ ~@ |@ @ g@ E EH *K v@@Jv@@/ *K xmA x gF&* ¤0b m+ ¯ eÆ - 4Hx@@~@z@E i*¡@@ @1 ¤ 1 kc1

¤-¡~8 ¡ JH £g~6* *3&°* cB kJv0 H2 ~zgcgA b £ < bK J2b E ¡ J . 6v ´* g ~|+ xm D* b J¡ J bG4¡s+ fp)*4 ¤ sg-H 3'¡´* i¡~8 I4*w D* x + IHx´* £g D* ¯ ¤ AvgA b E eÆ@@B* &* Hb@@0&* ¢4&* &* *K v~8bB fBb~7x+ y B&* fB4 h+ÆA ¥x c D* bGv~z/ bJb 0 ¯ ¢0¡+ f@@~@ }@ A*4 ,4w@@ @¹ @@ @6&*4 ¢@@ @< bJ ¤ ²* Í~}Ax- b´" b £/bF&* b D "" xQ ¹O 4b D* kJv0 G "2*5x ~7 ¥w@@D* b A b@@E&* b c~8&b+ Ì~{gA ~zg+&bA h ~8* &* ibJb 0 x J ,xG¡±* ¥3 }Eb D* b b1 fJ'HxD ¥x~| 1 ¯ bE c~{J ¥wD* bJ 2*5x ~7 bJ *3b´" ¤g _~6&* ¯ qD&* vBH ¤ £~}Ax-&* "¤@@ @²* 2*5 Ì@@1 Í< @@ @- &* @@c@B @@E @@+ ¤c B b@@G e°H2 ¯ £ J & * 2*4&*H " £ < ¤1&* P g J ° @@F&* ÍAx - @@G z)*x D* " Dw+ JÌj D* vsJ DH f £D C Íc-xE e°Hv@@ @ D* @@D3 ¯ ~}J v D f£0É~|D*H ~|D* tJ4bgD bK c: ,x ~{D* ,¡ ~7 £A @@-b@@J*H4 h J&* D f@@D¡@@ @+ ~|£D @@g@ @D* g1bA v + ¡£ ´* f £ D* ¯ v sJ Fb~zD x<* °H £ < b1&bA bF&* bE&* D&°* @@D3 @@E £ 0&b~6 ¤@@+Æ@@B* *3b@@@´ F(* "4Hx~zE" ¢<vJ ¥wD* ¡ ~z´*

f_£ 1 ; bE x J &* cB ¤ Jv~8 I&*x´ $b g~7°* gJH b g £A g1&*

2zCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CG* 2 0 1 5 K&¸* £§CIfF |Cg CC M2

¢Sóæ¡ŸG bEv <" b@@BH x D* q ~6 v < ,xE H&° 6v ´* h +bB &* H2 g E&b- " < kp+&* i&*v@@+ x~zD* < kpc- i&*v@@+ ¤ ~|A ¯ f~64U vO´* h S g~6* bEv < ixCw-H ¢ E D¡ D A&* +x´* ¡@@G b@@E ¡Ax - G" *'¡@ ~@ z@ + @@64v@@D* f£)*vg+°b+ ¤ D Ax<&* C&* µH cB E ~6°* ~6&* µ ""¥xp~zD* dc~6 Hx ´* ¤B¡ - bCH *'¡~6 ¥&* bE&* cB E /*x-&* µ dB*¡ D* ¯ Ì - É+ ¥vJ h A4 eb < ¥&* E fJbBHH d²* ~zE&* E h C"– v@@«H dBÆ+ 4¡~{c D* f B ¤ gDHbF 492 bB4&°b+ b ~z-H ~zgD* ibFb³* +xE ~6ÆD vJ H&* b g£~zF fJb 0 hAx< £CH hF&* E"– ".816 357 eb/&*H ¡ D* ¤+&* ¤EvB Í+ bE ¶(* x FH ~zg+* " "ivC " $¤~7 C ~8&b+ Ä1&* bEv < ¢~z - °&* g- ¡~6"

Ëó≤dG Ö◊G ¯ ¤ gJ&*4 fE¡F ¤ < h0*4 x g ´* v<¡´* ¯ Q ebc~{D* ~7H *Ì±* h + Ãv D* b g£+ vcg~6* bEv < D x - µ bJ&°* ,4b~}FH ~z ¥x ; 1 b~74 hFbC 6&b£D* ¤+ eb£= v + b £ gD* q~9*H s+ dg -H ¥vJ

iƒ¡dG ø◊ b g ~7 hpc~6 £ D* ¡/ ¯ ¤E¡F E h A&* fAx~{D* 4¡GyD 2¡/H E v J A É D* ¯ $*4w D* f0¡D H&* 2¡E¡ D* ¢ < p~|´* H&* &É ¤gD* D* xJxG A 4*v@@±* ¢ < 6b D* d0&b+ ¤ / bE H&* hFbC vBH b g ~7 f )b D* bJ4bE ¤g/H5 h ~}g0* ¤c B ¶(* fp£c~z- bGx ~7 ¯ f cBO C hFbCH ¥4*¡/ ¶(* e¡ D* x+b/ f + v 0

2zCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CG* 2 0 1 5 K&¸* £§CIfF |Cg CC M2

ô°ùdG ±ƒL

L'K4

,zMz/

QGòfG

ádÉ°SôdG

ib 0É C ix~|g1* vBH ¤-b D'¡E C h@@J&*4 b. 0 ¯ °H ¤¹ÉE °H ¤ ~6* pJ ° )bG r¡ : eb~7 ,x E ¯ f£0b+(°* iÉm´*H ibFÉ<(°* ebp~8&* hJ&*4H ¤ E5 ¯ {£ J x)b0 D ~|~|B x~{ D fJx E i%bAb E £ < ¡~9x J h £g~6bA $b~6x1 ,xm p+ £A&° h1x~8

24¡D* E fBb: ¤ Jv J v ¹ bFv£~6 )b D* IxJ b £A hJ&*4 Í 0*xD*H ebc0&°* 4¡~8 b B*4H&* ¯ hJ&*4 x D* h B2 *3(* gEb~zg+* E 4¡ D* ~7 D*H D* G&* E b/xD* b <H b£FvD* ¯ {< °(* ¤jJv0 q£p~8 E ¢ cJ ° vBH ¡ J ¡GH £c~6 x+b< F&bC

⁄É©dG ájÉ¡f +b E Ix g- f£C*Æ~7°* fD*v D* É0&*H x D*H n jD* 2É+ E i$b/ h cG 6H2x D* E b F&bC b ±* ¯ fJ%* fJ4¡0 hJ&*4H zDb±* ¥x~|´* d-b D* h@@J&*4H b£j D ,ÌjE ib~64b»H fAxp E b~9H&* ¯ x cD* x C E *Hxm~9 $bJx.&° yc³* } + fJvm+&* ¯ b c£-x- v£ - 4¡c D* b < hJ&*4H fc g E ,4'¡+ ¤0¡D* c E hJ&*4H 5b±* f+x< )b~6 ¤m+x D B*4H&* £cJ $b~|Ax D* x g ´* v<¡´* ¯ Hy Db+ bK F*wJ(* $b ~zD* G&* °(* bG*xJ ° e*ÆD* h« ,vJv/

2zCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CG* 2 0 1 5 K&¸* £§CIfF |Cg CC M2

iÉ~8¡+H bK Eb ~8&* x~z F &* b D %* bE&* " :¡D* £: I¡~6 %* b@@E&* " :¡D* ¶(* 4b~7&* b§ °Q (* b E gpF °H fG¡c~{E b~8H&°* QyE £+xD b p~zA £+xQ D* f F b £+xD v£ F &* b D Q bK p~6H $bg~{D* £ ~8 C*ÆJ b C b +¡ B ¢ < y²* C*4H ¡D *3b@@E $b@@E2 E i*Ä + b ~94&* ,x~}1 £A h + £+xD b <4*¡~7 ¶(* bFv<H iÉ F°* E5 z£+*¡C E b £g~6* Q b D¡0 4yFH f £ E bK 0Hx~8 b :H b 0 E v£~{FH b F 4b±* b£Q ¹ ¡ gD fEb~zg+°* i2b< ¡D *3bE "Í ~6b£D*H 6%°* bFvJ&b+H b 0*x/ ¢ < b ~62 ¡D *3b@@E "v cD* @@+*H Jv~|D*H Q 2¡ JH f £ ±* b £B n QG¡ggD b £A b~zF(°* < 4bc D* b ~} F )b~6 v£<*¡E ¯ Q D* gF* ¡D *3b@@E É~zD* Q b Fb:H&° ·b EH ,4*2(°* ¯ bc g~6°* ¡< w£ QgD*H 64Q v´* f Ab²* EH b E qDb~|g D b ~z F&° bFv< ¡D *3b@@E "x@@J5¡@@D* v£Q ~zD* Q " :¡D* e*x- E fcQ 0 Q C EH f Jv²* EH 4b~{D* E x1% °* bFv<&* . iÉ F°* E5 bJb + E b /b / b =xA& * ¡D *3bE Q b <4*¡~7 ¶(* fAb Q D* v£ A fc~6b ´* b ~9*¡E ¶(* b £B Q Eb D* ¶(* bc~}F°* v£ FH d0 Q v£ FH H'¡~z´*H ;¡´*H Q £ ±* ¶(* Ñ* v£ F . e¡ D* ¶( * :¡D* Q

2zCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CG* 2 0 1 5 K&¸* £§CIfF |Cg CC M2

Q $bc D *K ¡ ~8 fc£ D* Hv gA zFbmg- D¡0 E 2*v~9& °* ¤G K E ibg - f~{0H f D&°* d -H fGÉc D b~z£ / $b D* qc~|JH g£Q Fb~zF(* E ¢ Q c- bE ¡ - q+*w´* ¥3 ¤G "r*H4&°* f~7b~{0 Q y© b C QymJ £1&* 6&*4 *wG ¤ gc- 0*xA&* ¥3 ¤G b£~{D* Q $bEQvD* ,x 0 b g G4& * v A + c ~|- bK F¡D O Q 7Hx<H fE¡<yE 2b¸&* $*4H ¡jGÉD* pF b D dm< D& * ~7&* d -xF pFH b D dm< @@D&* /b ±* ¡@@A fEb E b cBxJ x~}1&°* :¡D* ¡G :¡D* ¡sF bEv < ibFb£³* ivcQ - b £AH ,Ì@@²* i*Ä@@< E E h0*vF* vB bK pJx/ "$b gF* °H :HÉD* ¶(* ¡ 0*xQ D* b JQ &* J&* ¶(* *'¡~zD* ¡£= Q 2b <H $b 0 f£Q m < Ì= £D2 Hv+ Hx)b~zD* b Q JQ &* J&* ¶(* b F¡ /ÆA ÉK . « @@94&°* $b +&* bJ @@J&* ¶(* " x@@1&* Q b+ "iÉ F°*H ¢~9¡ D* C& Q ¤ cFO °H b£:&°* C ¤ A b 1*H2 ¶(* 2¡ D *H&°* %* bE&*

,zMz/ L'K4

äÓØf’G øeR ‘ ÖM q ádÉ°SQ

b -bg J bJb cD* °Q (* H4w@@J °H z+b£D*H x~}1&°* ¢ < ¡-&bJ ¡/¡D* b025* ~6H b g+x= ¯ °K b J(* 2*2y A hB¡D* ebcG E bJ ¢ g ´* ,4v~6 42&* ¢ ~6 *3(* E bJ b~zF(°* b JQ &* E ,Hw@@/ ¤ FQ (bA ¤ £c~6 ¯ x~6H } F* °&* ,b£²* -2bF © £ A $b D* bC h ~6 bE *3(b@ A ·b ´* ¶(* ¡QgD* 2&*¡gA ,2°¡@@D* ¶(* d)x~{- É@ @0&°* ¢gE ¶(* " £p/ ¤ Q E Q Q ,2*4(°* D* v£B cQ J ¢gE ¶(* "fF¡ £ D* fcg< 5b£g/* cB K rbJ4 H4w- ¢gE ¶(* "É A £pg~z- & * cB iHÄ±* b m JH ¡/¡D* v - ¢gE ¶(* "n QG¡gJ &* cB B¡~7 £~{G *Hv D* " b£ D* £ « ¡pF f@@£Q @D5&°* b -Ì~zE ~}1 Q ¯ b ¹ÉE " £ D* z£E*¡F h E b@@E&* £1&° bK c)3 ¢ cg~6 ¢gE ¶(*

,Ì ~8 f0b~zE bJQ &°* f 05 ¯ f )bQgD* b 0*H4&* iw1&* ¡D *3bE ¯ b- ¥wD* D3 b~zF(°* b£F2 ¢ < b £A ¢ Q mgF EQyD* E kpcF C ",xC*wQ D ,vBbA eH42 i*$*¡gD*H ~6%* E5 x+b E ¢ < °Q (* b£0&°* E ÌjC ¯ È F ÉA b D¡0 E b~zF(°* < $bJ¡B&ÉD °Q (* $b + ÉA eb D* ib Jx~{- bG2¡~z- f £mG fDÉ~6

2zCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CG* 2 0 1 5 K&¸* £§CIfF |Cg CC M2

N b AbC ,N x~{0H )*w D*H i*x)b D*H $N *v ~{D*H fEQv ´* N v@@´* b D P S hJy+ ,4¡ ´* *3%°* C&b- ¤gD* 64*v´* 94*¡BH N ¢ < bK +b < t£~{D* ib~|F(°* ¯ 4xQ g´* e¡~6xD* Q 4*v±* ¢ < ~{< ¯ ¡GH U ²* ¡+&* x)b: fN D(* d£mJ " Ni&*xB *3bEH O O £g~z- P 4*v±* h« f£Q <b ±* x+b ´* O *3x/ b -¡~8 AÆA 4¡m ´* x ~7 ¯ f P £Q FbF¡£D*H fJQ xE¡~zD*H f£T +bcD* ÌO :b~6&°* 5O ¡Q ¢ Q sgJH rHxD* Q y Â ¥wD* ¤ D( N S T °* xO ~|D* £g~zJ eb£~zD*

£p±* eÉC ¥¡ -H b ±*H ¡±* x~{g £A f Jv´* < d£~|³* O N ¢ <&* ¶(* dGw- ~|D* E vC& bggD A £ < bE T CH R &* ¡G Iv~|D*H i¡ N Q Q N - ~z- Í0H bs- E ¥w@@D* ¡ ~zD* Ägs-H U¥xs~8 x@ M @/ N N N fJ4¡gDb+ R g~6* fBÉ D* kc D* f~}Eb D* ,v£0¡D* f~z ~z D* P 0*HyD P x~{D* N )*v0 E ~64*H ¡= bA @ D Q - ¤gD* 4*¡~{D* ¯ g1*H P R v D u*x~|D*H fcQ ±* zcD ¯ fc=xD*H *¡~7&°b+ ,y g ´* f£Q A¡~|D* O -v/H N O ¢~{s- ¤~|s~{D* +¡~6b0 ¢ < fM BbF&b+ b c - fM Jb + -b C ~8xU U N s+ b g+bgC E ,M b£0 fP Db~6x+ b F¡ - M4bpgF* fN Db~64 vS - É£C vJ *H2¡ J µ $b +&* ¶(*H $K bBv~8&* bK E *H2¡ J µ $bBv~8&* ¶(* b ~6x-H N N ~{g - & * OvJx- D3 =4 D -b£0 v - µ ,M b£0 ¶(*H $K b +&* bK E N hEQ ,5b Q < b -b£0 D @/&* E b £A ¢ ´* R vB ,v@@0*H ,M &*x@@E* x:b1 @ P N g £~{E c0 E 2Q v v0*H N2¡~6&* d . 5b£g/* R g~z- A Í ~6bJ M P xR / ¢ <&* ¶(* Ì~{JH 4¡ ~zD* wG c~zJ ¡G bGH 2Qv gJ *5 bEH ¥xs~8 X N hgcF& N N O D * v D 7¡0¡D* ~{ - °H 4 ¡s ~|D* By ÉA < E 4O vp - R M O Q O 4O gc£c0 e*¡.& O *H Hx~zD* 4bm~7&* Hw/H I2ÄD* *4H&* H °y D* ¡B N N N 0H @@.%°* Ä²* ,N É~8 cQ - @@FQ &° M42b@@FH ÃM x@@C M 4H E fK p /&* ÈN @C&*H bK Eb fK £ B*H ÈN @C&* ¡ ~zD* i°b g0* Hvc- k£0 ·b@@<&°* ¶(* ¡ ~zDb+ D b ´* E ¡ ~zDb+ Q Q xN Q - D b £0 *Ì D bK ~9b g~6* O B JQ v+&°* 94& P * E fP cD* - ¢ < EyD* ¶(* N Æg~6 k£0 fc ~|D* f N * H&* fM +bgC N T v- 2 £ < * hpF M £E5( M rbc~|E H& N M ,N x B b§4 H&* ~7 N * =4 ¤ - Í0 D3H i*xQ ´* °%* 4xQ g- ,v0*H ,M xQ E I¡~6 i¡ ° F& N * O &* IxJ ¥wD* vJHxA ¥&*4 Dw+ 94b - ¡ ~z D L J%* F&*H L )*5 F& K K 2b g<ÉD ,v g~zE ,yJx= Â ° ¤)*vcD* b~zF(°* ¡G x~8b ´* N b~zF(°* f=ÉcD* $N b~{F(* pJvE ¯ bK m+Q vE £ B v + £~9Æ~zgD 2¡ - . i¡´b+ v ~8 Í0 « O - µ ¡ ~zD* U É@ P @0&* ÌP ~z - N Q E bJ s D* i¡´b+ ¡ ~zD* E w F& bA £D(* b:x~zD* U Q

2zCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CG* 2 0 1 5 K&¸* £§CIfF |Cg CC M2

,zMz/ L'K4

•ƒ≤°ùdG t N N *4 ¯ qT - fO +%b D*H Ok -H ~6& )b~}<& * ¯ ¥xmgA $N *2¡~zD* b E¡ ~6 Q N fM £Q +3b/ H2 xO Jb gJ ¥wD* z+b£D* O $*¡~{< c1 d:xD* b E x©H N N ¯ O - *3bEH " NhF&* E d~|´* ¡pF O CR xQ pJ _R sJ R C cR ~|JO E U N ¯ ¡ ~zD* ¶( * ¡<v- $*2¡~zD* *K v£0H µb D* *wG P T S e¡ jD* i*4b£ EH O f£X ~7 fM D¡ : w E ¡ ~zD* N E ~z v D* ibG¡Q A O 24b J T 0 O ~z-H ~z- O QP v g´* U¥x.&°* 4¡~zD* E ,P xm~{D* E h£cD* P q ~6 T P N É0& °Q (* O ~z- ° Ok£0 fP Jb FÉD* ¶(* O °* ¤G bGH 6¡+b D* ¯ N 1*x~8 N ibp:bFH v<b~|´* E ¡ ~zD*H b -*3 P P Q ¡ ~zD* Q *K Ì@@c@C A*x fP BÉ D* $b£D¡~8b D* fP gcF EH fP Jx~zD* i*4b D* P 4 ¡~z/H ebp P ~zD* S P S O N A¡1 ° * f £ )bJy£A < * & x - f F¡m~z´* , ÌE& ° * ox+ EH Q &* EH É0& P P Q P P O bC Í0 Í ~zD* ¡1 ¡G ¡ P * w E O gN R C ¥wD* )b D* P ~zD* E P Q °% T K N O ¤g+%bC R E Áw J ° D b c - ~z F ¯ ¡ - 4bm~7& ° * ·b<& * O ~zJ Q M Q ib / P C E ·¡0 Bb~zg- ,M Ì ~8 fM c+vEO rbE4 M R EH ¤~z£+*¡C R EH ¢ < bK £Ab0 ¤~{E&* ¤ mJ ¥wD* O ¡ D* o4b³* ¯ ¥wD* O ¡ D* ¡ D* N z /& 1 rb~z < bK j0b+ dJx D* x D* P P fP Q ~9 O bA Áb £~6 6Æ J O M ¤ £ 0 ~z- É£C ~|D* ¢ < ¤-b C e 4 2& * · z£D :H ¯ ,M wAbF Q M P ,b£²* b g0* ¯ |B4 ¶( * ¥N HQ vO´* P M O N N - f+%b D* Nh@@.4P HR &* b :&°* dm - & * cBH Nv)b~| D* dm - R &* cB N N S /Æ-H R O ¤gD* f+%b D* i*¡~8& ebgC M @N @D&* dg -H P * C O O f D @N @D&* O ~z« IHv±* < &b~z- fM E¡+ d£ F ¶( * ,b£²* P N ~64 < Ly/b< Q DH £ C c~|J ¥w@ @D* Ä²* ¯ IHv@@/ E GH N ¯ Db :& * 4N wc- R &* IHv/ E GH ·b Fx D* <b B ¢ < E& M * fP Eb~zg+* N < ¤~} - . ,b£²* Q x N ~{g gD ¤<bA& °*H N2*x±* < bK ~7bG É.& O P * N N GH EbGH& ° *K v£0H ¡Cx-H £ D* ¯ E*vB& * h« E *¡ ~z- F&* P N N N N w E ÄBH b ±* < <bA2 ¯H b~zF(ÉD 4b~|gF* ¯ IHv/ E N ¯ Okpc- NhF&*H IHv/ E G fc+v´* b cDbs§ )*y D* O x « -2°H O U v© ÉA v0*H ÍM J < x ~{D* dgC ¯H D* dgC ¯H i*$¡c D* dgC P O ~{ b g A4 O ~{ -H U¥x ´* ,$*xB v + b -$*xB O ~{ -H ¥x ´* S qJx~9 ,4bJ5 ¯ N N ib ² S C ¡p $b/¡G E4 ~8*¡< Ì= D3 v + *3bEH ¥x ´*

Q M < kpcJ fAx ´* bc~}B 1 J bK pc~7 v£ gD f Jx~zD* ,2b ~zD* S b A Hv+ gCx-H h-bE ¤gD* &U °* ,4bJ5 v<¡E < D&b~z£D ¤ ³* Fb m~6 Q S M f £ ²b+ N £D Q A ob/¡<* ÃN ¡ - £ g~zJ ° ¡G bGH b < Hv+H M d£mJ b D* C4b~{- f £W Dy E fL Eb 0 O D&b~z- "fN £ ²* Nh ~{gC* ¢gEH O N 2v £A *'N ¡@~@z@D* fO Eb ²* Ov£ - " Ni&*x@@ B *3b@@EH Oi&*x@@ B Í0 fM :b~zc+

2zCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CG* 2 0 1 5 K&¸* £§CIfF |Cg CC M2

ย ยก@@m@~@z@D*H ย @@0b@@g@ ยด* ยข@@g@ 0 H&* f@@ยฃ@ ย @ +&ยฐ* fยฃ+xย D* fยฃAbย jD* yC*xยด*H ibยฃย ~{g~zยด*H ib@@0b@@~@z@D*H ย @@<b@@ย @ยด* ยข@@g@0H f@@ยฃ@+x@@ย @D*H ย xย ย D bK @ ยฃ@ 0 bK @ 0x@@~@ z@ E q@@c@~@|@- f@@Eb@@ย @ D* ยขย ยฃ~6ยกยด* vยฃ< ย ย DH f<ยกย ยด* fยฃย ยฃ~6ยกยด* *ยกEvย J ยคC ,*ยกย D* ย bc~{ย D f~8xA ย G&* ยกG zย pgE 4ยกย ย / ยถ(* ย ย <*v+(*H ย ย Fยกย A ย E ย D ย vย J bE ย C d04 4v~|+ ย cย gJ ย E nยฃย cD* ย ยกยฃD* *w@@G ยฏ ย ยกย ย D* ย *ยก@@F&* fย ~zD* vยฃ< ย E ย bJvFยกยด* lv0 ย E*y- ย =x+H ย bย g0ยฐ* ย ย ร ยต *wG ย &* ยฐ(* ยขย ยฃ~6ยกยด* ibJ4bcยด* $bย gF* vย + ย P /H&* ยฏ ย bC ยฅwD* ยข@@ย @ยฃ@~@6ยก@@ยดb@@+ ย 4*ยก@@~@@{@@D* i&ร @ @g@ @E* k@@ยฃ@ 0 ยคGbย ยด* ยฏ ,x~9b0 hFbC ยคgD*H ย bย F&ยฐ*H y@@C*x@@ยด*H f@@Eb@@ย @ D* ib@@0b@@~@ z@ D*H Hร @@ @ยด*H fDHvD* ib~z~6'ยกE ย < ร K ~}A fยฃAbย jD* f@@Eยก@@ย @ยฒ* x@@ย @ EH ย @@Jy@@ยฃ@ D(ยฐ* x@@~@|@B ย @@j@E ยค~6b)xD* x~|ย D* qgA kยฃ0 fยฃ~zFxย D* *K vยฃย + ย Jx)*yD* ย bE&* ย +*ยก+&* ย JyยฃD(ยฐ*

ย ร @@~@ 6&ยฐ*H fยฃgJxย Fยกย D* y@@/*ยก@@ยฒ* ย @@< ย E @@64*v@@ยด* fcย : ย @@1v@@ยฃ@D f@@ย @)b@@~@{@D* ย bE&* bK ยฃย ยฃ~6ยกE ร K ย 0 *ยกEvย JH ร A5bย D* ย ย D bK ย ยฃm~{- vFยฐยกG *ยก~zF*xA zยฃ)xD* ย ย cG*ยกE ยขย < jยชย ย I|D ย ยชGfย vยฃDbย gD*H i*2b@@ย @D* ย E vJvย D* ย bย GH ร ยฃ~zFxย D* 2bยฃ<&b+ fย c-xยด* fยฃ~zFxย D* ย + ย ย gpยฃ~6 ยฅwD* 6bย ~zJxย D* ยขย A fย ย gsยด* ย ย -bc~6bย EH ร ย ~zJ2 xย ~{D* *wG ย E ย Jx~{ย D*H zEbยณ* fย ยฃD ย ยกยฃ~zFxย D* ยฏ f@@~@8b@@1H f@@ย @ )*x@@D* ib@@ย @ Jy@@D*H ย 'Hb@@ย @ g@ D*H rx@@ ยด* ยก@@/ ย @@E *wG ยขA ย bย -H fยฃ~zFxย D* ย v@@ยด* ย ยฃย / ยขย <H ย JyยฃDyFb~{D* z)*xย D* 9Hx<H ibFb/xย ยด* ย E ร jย D* ย ยกยฃD*

2zCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCย CG* 2 0 1 5 ย K&ยธ* ยฃยงCIfF |Cgย CCย ย M2

x~|ย D* ย ยกย / ย < ร ย - fEยกย ยน ib~|Bx+ bJbc~|D*H ebc~{D* v~zยฑ* ,4ยก.H iร ย 0 f@@Eb@@B(* ร < ย b@@< ย C ยขย ยฃ~6ยกยดb+ ย bย g0ยฐ* ยฅxmJH ยตbย D* ยฏ ยค0*ยกย D*H fย ย E&ยฐ* ย *ยกF&* ย C ยฏ ร Aร pยด*H ,*ยกย ย D ib0b~6H ย <bย ยด*H ยฅ2*ยกย D*H ย 4*ยก~{D*H ibGyย gยด* ย D3 ยฏ bยง

bGx ~6 -xJ k£0 b~|=&°* ,2v gE *4H&b+ - ¤GH b~|=&°* 2v< d~z0 ¡~64 « ¤gD* $b~}£cD* bA¡ ~zD* 6*x/&°* c~{- ¤gD* ,x0b~zD* ,xGyD* f <b D* $b~}£cD* h<|G* zª< ¢M§Gf¤G* zª< f<v1 J¡Db D* v£< v£Db - ~{-H I¡ 0 &* f<v1 ~6b+ x J bK ~z :H Í@@Jy@@g@D*H @@J¡@@Db@@ @D* ¥5 ¯ x gD*H b@@/ @@z@£@F*¡@@A @@~@ 9HH x@@ @ D* h@@p@FH µb@@ @ ´* ,4b@@ @J5H ,$b@@@~@ @9(°* @@<b@@~@{@EH |~| D* ,$*x@@BH fF¡ ~z´* f£0b£~zD* ¯ d@@<x@@D* É@@A&* ,vGb~{EH f £s´* 64b *y- ° µb D* E ,ÌjC $*y/&* ¯ b§ f£p£~z´* f£ JvD* i°b g0°* ,$b~9(*H f£Q ~z D* 6¡ D* 4¡~}0 D3 e4bB&°* E ¢-¡´* 4¡cB ¢ < ¡ ~{D* ¨ ª 6§¼* zª< i°b@@ @ g@ 0* f@@£@~@z@Fx@@ @D* v@@@´* iv@@ @ ~@ 7 v£< f@@c@ ~@ 6b@@ @ § f@@£@ )b@@ @ =H f@@£@ @£@~@6¡@@E lv²* *w@@G qc~8&* ¥w@@D*H ¢ £~6¡´* 1982 b@@ < @@BÉ@@ @ F* w@@ @ E ¤@@ @£@~@|@D* fAb j D *K xJ5H bC ¡J ¾° b/ :&* &* v + f£DH2 ,xGb; 21 ¯ *Æ£E *¡~zF*xA 0*xD* z£)xD* v < ¯ f£~zFx D* µb D* ¯ f@@DH2 127 ¡pF v + bE ¯ ~{£D 1982 ¡£F¡J 1985 b D* w E f£+H4H&°* ,4b D* ¯ lv²* *wG x~{gF* . ."¢ £~6¡ D f£+H4H&°* f ~zD*" E E*y- ¥wD* 9xpJ &* ¯ f~8b³* g ~z A µb D 0 ¢ £~6¡ D v£< ¤E¡£D* x@@ @ @D*H f@@+b@@-x@@D* µb@@< @@< ,4¡@@j@ D* ¢ < b@@~@ z@ F(°* Fb gJ k£0 ,2b ~zD*H rx Db+ ~{- f0b~zE ¶(* eb_gC°*H 2b~z/&* ¤~{g JH zDb D*H ¡½bgD* ib~|B4 ¢ < b~{ D*

e2H dG E + Í )bcD* 9Hx< ` g ~z F hB¡D* ¯H *wG ¯ HvmJ » D* < Íj0b+H i¡£+ ib+4H fc : ¡<5¡gJ GH fF¡ ~}EH fp+*4 ,4bmgD f£cG3 f~8xA ¡£D* ib ¹H fEb D* J2b£´*H ib0b~zD*H 4*¡~{D* gº ¯ ,Ì ~8 fDHb: ¢ < )b~}+ H2x J i*4b D*H HÆ´* JÆ~{´* *¡+wm£D ib ~|D*H ib D* + b £ < H2b@@ @JH 4b~{D* ¯ ¡ J bEv < bK ~8¡~|1 f£ £ 0 f~zAb E ¯ £D(* d~z D f~8xA ,xGyD* wG ¯ HvmJ f )b+H )b+ E ÈC&* ibBb+ ¢ < b F¡<5¡J GH ¡£D* fJb F cB ¡ ~}EH Jx~6

123 40

2zCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CG* 2 02 01 1 5 K&¸* £§CIfF |Cg CC M2

¯ iÉEb D* $b~z D* D ¥v J &* x~{< f£ £+4 ,24H E bK ~|= ¤ ´* x~| D* )*4 n@@J4&* b DH 64bE fJb F ¯ qg g b -ÄD* ,xG5 ÌcC v0 ¶(* c~{-H ¥2*¡D* ,xG5 H&* £=¡´* ,xG5 ¢ ~z-H x@@ @D* w@@ @E b@@ @ +H4H&* ¯ f@@AHx@@ @ E ¤@@GH @@£@ +x@@D* ¶(* y@@ Ex@@ -H x@@~@ {@ < @@Eb@@j@ D* tJ4bgD* D3 w EH D* ¯ @@²*H ¡JbE E H&°* ¯ ¡ gpJ ¡£~zFx D*H fJv C ,24¡@@D* wG Ãv g+ b< C E wG &* Jv g E &°*H f/HyD*H h1&ÉD qc~8&* ¢g0 ~z²* &b D* d © ,24¡D* f£<b g/°* Gv£Db - E *K $y/ D3 $*x A gm´* 2*xA&* C b ~64bÂ ¤gD* D* @@< Íj0bcD* ¢@@g@0H $b@@£@ @ =&*H DwC 2b@@B <H v£/ Mv + 'Hb g D xCwg£D i*v<b g´* y)bm D* b £ g £ ±* EyD* bJ&* b DÉ1 E *w D @@64b@@E x@@1%* @@E b~zFxA v g~z-H 5bs´* Ì~}pg+ ¥v£ gD* b g0°* 4¡GyD* £cD f~8b1 d:b~|E IÄ D* |£~8&* ¯ f@@<H4y@@E b@@E&* h@@Jx@@=4b@@´* ib@@Bb@@+ @@ @~@7 ¢@@ @< H&* x@@ @g@c@EH Ì@@ @~@8 $*x@@ @ ²* 2H4¡@@Db@@+ b £Jyg+ ¡ gJ f£+3b/H °b / hJx=4b´* fBb+ $b <(° fB¡ExE fJv C b Âv gD b )*x~{+ ¥x H* D* z£)xD H&* fc£cp D f@@£@Db@@=H b A ,x@@~@@6&°* ¯ f E f£~|s~{D b F&b~7H bGx ~6 @@ @ -4* f@@Bb@@c@D* iÄ@@C $b ~zcD* ¤ g JH £D(* Iv O- E IvD Í ~|= H&* @@~@|@= $*x@@~@ {@ + f@@c@ @ @ D*H ibBbcD* x ~6 ~|- b £+ H4¡@@ J 2 @@+ 4¡GyDb+ f@@ @Jy@@´* ,x@@1b@@ @D* @@|@ ~@ 8&°*H H&* H4¡@@J 50 ¶(* i*4¡@@ @ Jv@@D*H f £ ±* ÈC&*

2zCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CG* 2 0 1 5 K&¸* £§CIfF |Cg CC M2

£*Ô¹* zª< jMf 0 BÉ:(* ¶(* 42b@@+ ~8&°b+ ¤~zFxA v£< ¡G *Ì@@±* v£< zJ4b+ ¢ ~z- f£<b g/* f +*4 z£)4 b@@AÌ@@+ 6b -&*

vBH zJ4b+ ¯ 17 B4 ,x)*vD* ¯ 1999 b D* $bBv~8&°* fJb + 800 ²* ¯ hC4b~7 k£0 *K xGb+ bK 0b½ v£ D* ¤ D 0b~zD* rbm D* *wG x.(* ¢ < 4b/ 10 000 ¡pFH f£ ~6 cB E b <2 É1 E bK £ :H *K v + w1&b- fc~6b ´* hpc~8&* b D* w E b ~6(ÉD ¤<b g/°* 2b«°*H ib Abp´* ibJv + ¤@@+H4H&°* ¢p ´* Dw+ *K v@@C'¡@E b £m +H b~zFxA ¯ 2003 *wG ¢ < :&* 2004 b D* ¯ v£ D* *w@@G w1&bJ ¥w@@D* 450 ¯ + g0* k£0 *Ìm D ¤+H4H&°* v£ D* ~6* v£ D* Dw+ bK c g~zE ¤@@+H4H&°* 2b@@«°* E fDH2 13 E f JvE bEHx+ *K 4Hx@@E b £.&* ¶(* +2 E |s~7 4.500.000 ¡pF |s~7 ÍJÉE ,x~{ + bK £ g E fF¡c~{DH ~zCHx+H zJ4b+H x~6&b+ µb D* ¯ b¿(*H b+H4H&* ¯ A z£D h)b D* b D* ¯ ¯ Í£~zFx D* ib B¡- Dw+ ,5HbmgE f@@DH2 Í.É. ~}gD v£ D* *wG rb½ « I| G* G* zª< $b~}£cD* ,Ì ~|D* 6*x/&°* ~7 c~{- f £ / $b~}£+ ,24H ¡JbE E H&°* ¯ v - f FbJ $*x~}1 *4H&* b /¡g- ¤gD* E v£ gCH b~zFxA ¯ b D* v£ + b g0°* 6¡ : v0&bC x~{< EbjD* x D* w E Í£~zFx D* IvD f )b~{D* 2b£<&°* yE4H Db+ $b g0°* ¶(* Ì~{- 3(* f~8b1 fJyE4 i*3 ¤GH v£±* d~z D*H ¡ gD*H rbm Db+ 'Hb gD* pJ 64*v´*H i¡£cD*H d-b ´* ¢ < b gFb E ,xGyD* wG &*¡cg-H x~{c- b F&° bJbc~|D* Í-b~zAH ebc~{D* i*Æ~6 ¢ <H Eb ´*H vsg~z-H v<*¡D* E&°*H ²*H £+xD*H b ±*H 'Hb gDb+ £~z D* £0b~zEH 4¡ D* f<b ~8 ¯ £=¡´* x < ibCx~{D* f <b D*H f£CwD* q@@)*Hx@@D* E Äg - b F&° ¡@@±* EH ¤~zFx D* 4¡ ±* E ÌcC b B IvD fccp´* v£ + @@E5 ¶(* ¡JbE E H&°b@@+ Í£~zFx D* b g0* 2¡ JH ¥2b@@²* 4b~7 ´* 4x@@B Í0 1561 b D* ¶(* *K v@@Jv@@«H

2zCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CG* 2 0 1 5 K&¸* £§CIfF |Cg CC M2

IOÉ©°ùdGh ìôØ∏d á°Uôa ó«©dG Èà©jh á∏«∏b äÉYÉ°ùd ™«ª÷G ¢ûjÉ©àj å«M Oó©àe ™à‡h è«¡H ∫ÉØfôc ƒL ‘ ≈≤«°SƒŸG øe äGQÉ°†◊Gh äÉaÉ≤ãdG »¡°ûdG πcC’Gh AÉæ¨dGh ¢übôdGh

¤+x D*H ¤~zFx D* gmJ £ A f gs´* ib£~z ±*H ,ÌcC ,v)bE ¡@@0 ·b -ÄD*H ¥¡£~6%°*H ¤ JxA(°*H i°¡C&b´*H ib+Hx~{´* E f gº *¡D&* b £ < h ~8 y)bm<H bK +bc~7H °K b :&* 4b <&°* C b D¡0 gmJ k£0 mJ F&b+ v£ D* *wG y£ gJH Ì A H&* ¤ = Í+ xA ° < f£DHvD* f~6b£~zD* iym< bE ,v@@0*H ,v)bE ¢ < ¤gD* E*¡ D* E ¡£D* qc~8&* v£ D* *w@@GH £ « b g0bA *Ì±* Í+ fDy D*H f+x D* d mg+ q ~z $*¡~6 x1%°* E 4*¡²*H ~8*¡gD* v£ J *Ì±* v£< d~6b ´* hB¡D* ¯ fF¡ ´*H ,vm D*H É D*H É~zDb+ f/x²*H fc£~| D* ibBH&°* ¯H I¡ ²*H b D* bc:&* pJ 4b/ C &* -*y£E EH *Ì@@±* Hw@@g@J k£0 v c+ f~8b³* ib@@+Hx@@~@{@´*H bc:&* ¶(* fJv D* bc:&°* E f<¡ E f£´b< i°¡C&bE f£~zFxAH ,4b0 f£ JxA(* C%bEH f£Fbc~6(* ÉJb+H f£Db -x+ v+° v£< C EH Ì ~{D* ¤~zFx D* tc ´* *wE b D fc D* E ¥4¡~zD* tc ´* dJb:&* v£ D* fDHb D 0&* &* ¤gD* f<¡ ´* fJ4¡~zD* I¡ ²*H fD¡cgD*H d D* 4HH b : ,wDH b B*wE d£ + ¡ J GH b F¡ :bsgJ {Jb gJ k£0 ,2b ~zD*H rx D f~8xA v£ D* Äg JH g»H n£ + b FxC ¡@@/ ¯ f £ B ib<b~zD £ ±* |BxD*H ¢ £~6¡´* E i*4b~}²*H ibAb jD* 2v gE ¯ D &b£ gA b@@ @:&°* b@@E&* ¤ ~{D* @@C&°*H $b D*H E b :&°* fcp~|+ ¡ D*H d D i°b@@¸ f Jv²* F*Ì/

2zCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CG* 2 0 1 5 K&¸* £§CIfF |Cg CC M2

Íp D*H }£cDb+ ,4b´* ¡ ~7xJH rx§ ¡ J f£~zFx D* }£cDb+ ~z+ÉE l¡ - E bK +HxG }Cx- 6b D* mJ bE f Jv´* 4*¡~7 fp)*4 - v£ D* E b@@J&* v +H Íp D*H £ gD* iÉ 0 C =x+ }£cD* tF5 fp)*4 b £A x~{g f£~zJ4bcD* ibJv cD* b + ¡ - ¤gD* ¡A¡ JH fJx - $b@@J5&* ¯ $K b~zE ¡/xs£A b@@ @:&°* b@@E&* g£A FHvJb JH $bBv~8&°*H e4bB&°*H *Ì±* i¡£+ ¢ < ¡ - ¤gD* fJv£ D* c~{J bE ¥&* ibJ¡ ²* } + G'Hb <(* °¡C¡~{D*H I¡ ²* E bK cDb= £*Ô¹* zª< *xJy0 x ~7 ¯ b< C *Ì±* v£ + ¡£~zFx D* gpJH vg+* vBH *Ì±* Í+ 0ÉgD*H fcp´* rH4 k + /&* E ; ¯ bK ~} + ~} + ¢ < *¡Ax gJ ¤C v£ D* *wG ¡£~zFx D* ÌCw- ¯ f Gb~z D f´¡ D*H f£CÉ g~6°* ,b£²* ,x £~6 ¯ ¤~6b~6&* Eb< fJx~{cD* ibBÉ D* yJy - &b@+ *Ì@@±* f£ ~zD* o*x@@+&°*H ibJb cD* ¯ bK ~8¡~|1 fCÆ~{´* ,b£²* 6b /&°* E vJv D* b + ~zJ ¤gD*H ~{D* ,2v g´* f£Db D*

b+b+ f£~|s~7 Ì~}« ¢ < ¡£~zFx D* J b C v£ D* bJ*vG ~{+ b :&°* x g J k£0 ,x~6&°* 2*x@@A&* v0&* E J¡F bJ*v Db+ $¤ ´* ~z£C E b <5¡£~6 ¤gD* bJ*v D* 4b gFb+ y ´* o4b1 fJw0&°* ~9H ,2b< b G &* b C i%b/b ´*H v£ ~zD* p D bK c / ¢g0 f~{Ax D*H x ~z D fc1b~8 f £D ¤ A f ~zD* 6&*4 f £D bE&* 2ÉcD* H2 b~zFxA ¯ fcJx= v£Db - b G rbc~|D* E ds~| D cp+ ¡£~zFx D* y£ gJ k£0 b C f@@£@ +H4H&°* ,xJx~{D* r*H4&°* 2x - b F&* Hv g J GH $b~9¡~}D*H bE ¡G rbc~|D* ¯ y ´* 1vJ |s~7 H&* &* Hv g JH bC (* h£cD* ebp~8&° fc~z Db+ f ~zD* ¡ g~6 £C yEÌ~6 f ~z D Ì@@³* &b@ A pJ H&* zpF /H x)*yD* |s~{D* ,vJv±* ¢ ~zJ ¤ J2 v£< ¤G f£~zFx D* 2b£<&°* i*2b@@< &*¡~6&* EH ¥2bExD* $b.ÉjD* H&* ,4b+x+ f~zJv D* v£< ¤+x D* µb Db+ fcJx= 6¡ + y£ gJ v£< ¡GH ¡£~zFx D* £ < J b C GH dC*¡E ¯ bJbc~|D*H ebc~{D* E 2*v@@<&* oxs- k£0 bc~8&°b+ G¡ /H ¡F¡ JH $*2¡~zD* ¡ Jb D* 6b£C&* ¡~zc J 4*¡@@~@{@D* ¯ fc1b~8 ib@@<¡@@ @¸ ¯ HÌ@@~@z@JH f@@ @ @ B&°*H

2zCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CG* 2 0 1 5 K&¸* £§CIfF |Cg CC M2

g D b g/°* iÉ)b D* b E(b+ v J µ d D* *wG dc~z+ ~7 ¢ < I¡ 0 H5bc³* x g+* b F*ÌF fcB*xEH b _Av+ 4b~8 b GH vB*¡´* ¯ ~9¡J ¥wD* d ²* ¥&* ,xm~7 w/ 3w gD*H b ~{+ g gD* @@/&* E b D¡0 ¡ gmJ £ ±* b B*w§ ¯ ¡@@ £@ @~@ @z@ @Fx@@ @ @D* 2b@@ @ @ <H Jx~{ D* x D* ~|g E H2 7¡cD*" Í@@Jy@@- ¶(* I¡@@ @ 0 *¡@@ @ F&b@ @ @+ " J¡F ¶(*H b@@/¡@@ @Db@@C ,Ì@@ @~@8 fC¡~{Db+ 6&*xD* £ s ± fDHb¹ ¯ *wG CH ~7 w@@1&b@J dDb D* *w@@G ¯ ~9¡J ¥w@@D* d@@ @²* 7xJ bE bK cDb=H ,vB¡´* F&bCH @@<b@@F x ~6 £ < x.b g´* n jD* ,xm~7 @@Jy@@- b@@E ,2b@@@<H i¡@@£@ c@ D* @@ C ¯ 2É@@ £@ @´* x)*HvD* ¢g0H <b ´*H $*¡@@ ~@ @9&°b@@ + f@@£@ @ ~@ 6x@@D* 2É£´* f £D ¯H ib JyD*H ,x@@m@ ~@ {@ D* h@@ « @@~@ 9¡@@-

2zCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CG* 2 0 1 5 K&¸* £§CIfF |Cg CC M2

f )b D* v£< ¡G 6b ~zJx D* v£< &* ¡£~zFx D* Äg JH 2b 0&°*H $b +&°* E JvD*¡D* h£+ ¯ ,x~6&°* g© k£0 ,v)bE ¢ < *x D*H ibAb~z´* £+ hDb: b E e4bB&°*H ¥wD* ¤EHxD* JvD* jE 6b ~zJx Db+ f~8b1 C%b§ ,xEb< ¢~{pJH x Db+ ib<b~zD x~}pJ Äg -H 54&°*H $b g~z Db+ " J¡F ¥2 7¡cD*" I¡ 0 E 6b ~zJx D* I¡@@ @ 0 2É@@£@´* v£< 5¡@@E4 5x@@ +&* ib@@J*Hx@@D* @@}@ @+ x@@Cw@@-H I¡@@ @ ²* w@@ G 4¡@@ @ ; &* ¡£ +bF E 4*x + c-4* J5bc³* f AH ix+bF¡+ 4v~8&* bEv < Í£~zFx D* £A dDb J *K 4*xB ix+bF¡+ v + zJ4b+ f JvE b ~6 bK <4wgE vB*¡´* b g~6* @@9*x@@E&°* dc~z- b@@ @ F&b@ + ¡@@±* ¯ bK @ .¡@@ @ - lv@@ «H °H h@@Fb@@C ,v@@ B¡@@ ´* &°H È@@C&* @@ @m@J bK @c@c@~@6 *y@@ ~|A ¯ f@@ @)b@@ @D* 2*x@@ @A&* @@F&°H @@64b@@ @ D* $b@@g@~@{@D*

,fª0 fÇ&*

jª0K|G* j+| G*K j¼§ G* | < ·

á«°ùfôa OÉ«YCG Éf I(¸*K «<f k/¸* 8*§kG*K v| G* $*§/&* | ¡- m¸f k0*K 6§ :

"¢SÉª°ùjôμdG" j ô° ° GôdG É j dG G ô G ° G dG ° °ù ô dG G ¢ùj É j Éª É j dG G ° É j d É° dG É° μdG °SÉ G G É ° dG É °ùdG μdG j É dG É . μdG °S G G ¢ù Gô dG ¢ ô

j dG G G É ª G É°ù ô É G G É dG ª°ùj ô ° dÉ j ª°ùj jÉ ª G É É° ° ô G G ° G É ÉÉ ô G

440

2zCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CG* 2 0 1 5 K&¸* £§CIfF |Cg CC M2

d£½ ,x@@.È@@A @@J2v@@¹ J$b~} + f ´* f@@E*¡@@ @Db@@+ f@@E¡@@ @¹ ¡@@ @ ¹ f£<b g/°* i*$b~} D* < fDHy ´* $b~} + fE¡ ¹ ¤ D* f :bA ,x.x.H @@ @DH @@z@ J4b@@+ $b@@~@ }@ A ¡@@ GH @@ ~@ @6H&* bK £ ~7 J $b~} D* *wG E ~8*¡gD* $b~} D* *w + f +b D* 8¡s~{D* &° ¶(* ,2Hv~{E - £A fCxpg´* °

ys-H b B4'¡- f£+x< Ix@@1&* i*$b~}A ÍCÆ~{´* b -xC*3H b F*v/H £D(* | sF ¥wDbA xE&°* ¡ J bE bK J&*H ¥2x~6 |F " b ~9 É+ ,x.x." &* e2&*H f~| D* ¢ < ~7 ¯ qg E ,4Hx~}Db+ oxsJ ° DH iÉ@@0x@@D* g £c + qg J ¥wD* ¤)*HxD* ~{D* < Ix1&°* 4b ´*H f£+2&°* b ~7&°* ¢ < bK J2x~6 ÉK ~7 @@F¡@@C @@< ÉK ~}A *w@@G *K vEb/ ÉK ~7 z£DH *K 4¡ gE bK £Eb J2 wG ~}F &* Â b G @@EH bK Cb~6 f£)*HxD* b <&°* fFb1 ¯ ",x.ÈD*" ¶(* b g£cJx© ¯ q © ¤gD* fJ¡ D* f£)*HxD* *x<&°*H ÌJb ´* ¢ < 2x gD* v£C&b- ¶(* ¢ ~z- ¤@@g@ D* f@@£@ Â2b@@C&°* ££ ¶(* q © b C gcD¡BH z£ mgD* ¯ b £j - H&* f@@£@Fb@@~@z@F(°* e4b@@m@ g@ D* ,Ì@@-H @@E ,b0¡g~zE fcCxE 8¡~|F ,b£²* b J(*

2zCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CG* 2 0 1 5 K&¸* £§CIfF |Cg CC M2

v < ÉK £ B F &* b ~z F&° q£cF b F(* b F¡C @@E @@=x@@Db@@+ f@@£@~@}@ @D* w@@ G b ~64 ¥wD* n ´* h ~6 < b /xs f 1*v´* wG + b ~6H ¥wD* *¡ D*H fJ*¡ D b@@ @ ´* *w@@G ¯ d£mg~zF @@DH q ~|§ Jx gD* ¶(* 2*x@@ @g@~@6°* £Fb E &° @@ :b@@ ¿&*H " 8b gD*" ¥v D* v ~{´* ¯ fm)*4 h-b+ :b¿&*H DwDH $*¡~6 v0 ¢ < ¤+x D*H ¤+4H&°* ~9 b G 8b gD* £ ~|- ¶(* 42bcF bE ¡GH ¤)*HxD* ¤@@+2&°* 8b gD* ¿ ,x.x." |F *¡ < ¯ r¡~9¡+ ~z F fJ*4H ¤ D* ~6¡J f :b D " b ~9 É+ ¡ ¹ d£m D " £ D* ¡A ,x.x." 8b gD* *w@@G ¯ v£~| D* h£+ @@ @DH ",x.ÈD*" w@@G f £c: ¯ I$*Æ@@@J zFbmg- ¤ D* f :bA ",x.x." &* D3 ¡ ¹ d£½ ",x.x." @@E ÉK ~7 bK £ A&* fJ¡ D ib £- b ~8xJ b E A fJ*v+ i*3 f~| D bK mg E bK J2¡ < z£DH b0x J b E @@CH @@ 0H ,v@@ @ <H £1 I¡~6 b ~zJ ° ,x.b gE *K 4b A&* Hx~{D* n£~zF E g~zE £A4 ¥¡ E d£½ @@ @ < ¯ x@@~@|@§ f@@£@ s@ J4b@@g@ D* :¡Db+ f£sJ4bgD* Hx~{D*H ¡ ¹ b C ¤@@ @ @D* f :bA < ¯ ¤@@+x@@ @D* bE¡ ¹ Í D* JwG E ÉK @C &*

@@F(b@A iÉ@@ 04 e2&* H&* f~|B @@z@£@DH ° f@@ @J*H4 | D* *w@@G v F &* Â Í£´b< ebg D °K b <&* b G &*H b £~6 f£Dbj´* fJ*HxD* ib ~8*¡E b £A xA¡g- ° ¡AÆ J bK £ / 2b D* DH b gEx+ b G b c~z0H f£)*H4 °K b <&* b ~8¡+ b + h~zF4(° "xpcD*H 5¡m D*" @+ j gF &* ¤ ~z J¡g~6HvD "xEb ´*"H ¥*¡ £G b~6¡£D "fDb³* r*vgE*"H E b Â ° *Æ@@ @<°* *w@@G @@ @ DH -H f c²* eb@@£@= ¶(* ,4b@@~@@7(°* ÌJb § ££sgD* ¶(* 4b gA°*H $b cD* < ÉK @ ~@ }@ A f@@£@ @£@~@6É@@ @D* f@@ J*Hx@@ D* f£+¡ ~6&°* £~|D*H 8¡s~{D* fJyGb/ f~|B ¢ < fc-b D* iyC4 ¡DH ,x~7bc´* Bb <&* ¯ h~8b=H ¥4b@@~@9 4¡@@g@Cv@@D* f£<b g/°* @@AHx@@;H f£/¡D¡ £~zD* D* *wG b D f£Ab jD*H f£~6b£~zD*H bK m~}F ÈC&* ¡B¡Db+ ,xJv/ Ix1&* f£~}B b GH ¥2x~zD* | D* *w + b Db - bGv < gp´* @@8b@@ @g@D* ,x@@Gb@@; ¯ j g @+ fE¡~6¡´* ¡ ¹ d£½ f@@J*H4 E &* Â A " £ D* ¡@@A ,x.x." *wG ¶(* zF'¡- )*xB 2¡/H ¶(* _ F H&* $*2&°* ¶(* *¡ D* 5Hbmg- 8b gD* "fJ'HxD*

f£<b g/* xG*¡; ¯ 9¡sJ f£0b£~6 b£~6 ¯ f£sJ4b- bK @.*v@@0&* x~}pg~zJH zJ4b+ i*$b~}A } + ~|JH 2x~zD* eb~}gBb+ ~6¡gJ bK J2x~6 ÉK ~7 f~| D* hFbC *3(* (bA fJ*HxD*H ,Ì~| D* f~| D* ¤ ~7 bEH f~|B v J &* Â | D* *w@@G ° | D* *wG m0 &* D3 ¶(* zF'¡J E fp ~8 f_EH Jx~{<H bK +4&* 5HbmgJ *¡ ~8 v J Dw+ ¡GH Ì ~|D* D* " *x²*"H "2¡~6&°* ¥x ~z D*" @@D ~6¡£D " *Ì.H b/4"H "d£ D*"H d£m D " £ D* ¡A ,x.x."H @@z@J42(* 4b:H xGb D " *yDyD*"H ¡ ¹ £<b ~6(° "f£)¡~}D* ib g~z´*"H £<b ~6(* v A 2vpgJ ° ¥2x@@~@z@D* ~{D* b@@C *3(*H F*xA" xCwJ b C m²* 6b~6&* ¢ < 6b~6&* ¢ < 2vpgJ b@@¿(*H "4¡F¡CH&* f Jx:H " Hb gD* f Jx:H ¡~9¡´*" f £c:H @@8¡@@s@ ~@ {@ D* @@~@@64H $b@@ @ c@ D* *wG (b@ A b +b~{- Iv@@EH l*v@@@0&°* * w@@ G @@E Ì@@j@C ¢@@ @< x@@A¡@@g@J @@|@ @D* *w + l*v@@0&°* $b + &* D3 Hx~{D +b~{gD*H v£ gD* E ¡ sJ | D* bK ~6H bG2v< J 8¡s~{D* &* b C ÉA ,Ì~| D* f£~| D*H f@@J*Hx@@D* Í+ ,ÌjCH f£EbFH f£Db ~7(* 8¡s~7 ¤G ¤G °H fJ*HxD* ¯ b Db J bE ¡pF ¢ < ¯ b Db J bE ¡pF ¢ < f £~z+H f £ B ,Ì~| D* f~| D* d-b D* fc=4 Gb© d ~|D* E F(* ¥w@@D* ¥2x@@~@z@D* ~{D* *v g~6* ¯ ¤ D* ~6¡J f :bA &* b´b:H vJxJ "fJ*H4" f+bgC ¯ b gc=4 @@< Ä -

£p~zD* ¤~9b´* 2bExD b -4°* E ¡ + f+b~|E f£+x D* f£~|s~{D* b£ JxAHy£~{D* f£~|s~{D* o*H25* " /vD*" ,b@@£@ 0 ¯ @@ D3 I$*Æ@@ @@JH x@@Gb@@ @D*H @@:b@@c@D* Í@@+ }Bb gD* H&* ¤~9b´* 4Hwm+ kc~{gD* Í+ }Bb gD*H <*¡EH tJ4bgD* Gb©H £p~zD* ¯ Ì gDb+ ¤ E Ì@@= ¤+x D* (* v A DwDH @@D £ sgD*H c g~z´* $b~{F(* ¯ x A ¥wD* "¤0b ~zD*" z A&* ." c g~z´* ¥v£~6" @+ ¢ - f ¸ Áb - f£+x D* e¡ ~{D* } + (* eÉ@@g@~@6°*H @@ @ @D*H 2b@@ @ @~@9°* @@E - @@E f £< jÂ ¥w@@D* o3¡@@ @ @D*H ¥4b~9 4¡gCvD* ¡@@G 5b£gEb+ e¡ ~{D* E ¢Ab gJ 4Hv+ ¡ J &* D vJ4&* ¥wD* bEv <H Áb~zF(°* Ì ~}D*H É@@1&°* m~zD* ¯ + oS 5O H + F }A4

Ö©°üdG øe áÑZQ πgÉŒ ‘ ÖJÉμdG ±Gó¡à° à°SG πμ° μ°ûdG …òdG …Oô° ô°ùdG ÉŸÉWh ,√ójôj áªWÉa ¿C »∏©dG ∞° ∞°Sƒj øY È©J ‘ É¡àÑZQ "ájGhQ" áHÉàc hC á°üb ¢ù«dh ,äÓMQ ÜOC ¿C øμÁ ¬fEÉa ¢üædG Gòg ó©f ¢ Éª«° «°S ’ ,ájGhQ ∑Éæg ¿C h k ÉªYC ÜÉàμd ’ ’ Ú«ŸÉY É¡«a ôaƒàJ äÉØ°UGƒe á«dÉãŸG ájGhôdG É¡àeôH

j ªg: f D |H&¸* £§ M fH fN M&*K "¬2| G* ¡G* *{J 9Æ J fJ2x~6 ib@@Fb@@1 lÉ@@. b G ¤GH b ~9 | D* *wG ~|J &* e2&* H&* f@@J*Hx@@D* H&* f~| D* ib@@Fb@@1 iÉ0xD* *wG ~9¡+ x@@E&°* f D'¡´* h ~z0 vBH E HvcJ b C fJ*HxD* fFb1 ¯ | D* v@@±* Â ° @@D3 @@ @DH *¡@@ @ @D* | D* *wG ÌjJ &* Â ¥wD* tJ4bgDb+ oygÂ iÉ0xD* e2&* bC *3(* ,4b@@m@ g@ D*H b@@£@ A*x@@ @ ±*H b@@ @@g@@/°*H f :bA |F (bA v)b D*H ,4b~}²*H nJy´* *w@@G } + ¢ < ¥¡ J ¤ D* f+xmgD bK @ @JHv@@- F¡C @@< ÉK ~}A ¡ A

2zCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CG* 2 0 1 5 K&¸* £§CIfF |Cg CC M2

¤gD* f£A¡~|D* ¡@@£@´* ¥3 ",2H2H" oHygJH ¥4b~9 4¡gCvDb+ g ~8 h < b E&* iv A vB hFbC ¤gD* g +* ¡ ~}E Ãv - ¢ < 8x« µ fc-b D*H ¶(* ,v@@ 0*H fDb~64 F H&* ~6b gE ,x.b gE *K 4b@@ @@A&* h@@Ev@@B @@+ ¤ g´* | D* *wG 8¡s~7 f ~zD&* ¢ < i24H ¥2x~zD* ,x.b g´* 4b@@ @ A&°* w@@G x~|0 ÂH ¤-&bJ b £A E f£+x< f£<b g/* q)*x~7 ,bFb E ¤~9b´* 2bExD b -4°*H $b gF°* B ¤gD* q)*x~{D* - f~8b1H £p~zD* fJ2xC H&* f£ J5bE&* ib£ .(* E 4vp ¯b jD* D* *wG I$*Æ@@JH f£Cx- H&* ,4Hx~}+ ¤<¡D* *v F* ¯ ¥4b~}²* H&* ¯ f£+x D* f£Ab jD* fJ¡ Db+ kc~{gD* f£+x D* f£<b g/°* q)*x~{D* b~6H&* f~8b1 b£ JxA(* b ~7 @@E ,4vp ´* kc~{- b@@E ¡pF ¢ < f£+x D* f Db+ b@@ @Jx@@E&* ¶(* Hx@@/b@@ @ ´* ¡@@£@E%b@~@{@D* *Ä/" A b C b + <*v+(*H g + "f £ F £)bs£E"H " *Ä/ £ 1 "f~}Jx< d£~zF"H "¤~9bE ¡+&* b£ J(*"H GÌ=H f£+x D* f£sJ4bgD* ,xC*wD* f~7b~{G l*v@@0&b@@+ @@ @ ±* ¯ b@@ @ @Db@@ @- ¤@@g@ D* @@z@ @ @F* b@@ E ¡@@ @GH IÄ@@ @C f@@JÌ@@~@ |@ E f@@£@+x@@ @D* b@@£@ A*x@@ @ ±b@@+ ¤@@<¡@@D* ¢@@ @ < Í+ ¡Bx J ° 6b D* } + qc~8&bA " H4v ~6(°* $*¡D"H "fJ4v ~6(°*" E }Bb gJ bE ¡GH bj´* £c~6 ¢ <

2zCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CG* 2 0 1 5 K&¸* £§CIfF |Cg CC M2

"¥4b~9 4¡gCvD*" ¡G f£-b£0 f+x© x© ¡~8&°* i*3 ",2H2H" g/H5H ¤B*x D* b £ < x - Jw D* f£CÆD* fJ4¡~zD* @+ b Gbg/5H "µb~6"H "¤0b ~zD*" HÄ J *¡FbC bEv < " {Fb´* 4b B" ¥4b~9 4¡@@g@Cv@@D* &* @@D3 v@@ @D ¶(* ¥wD* ¥x~|cD* x<b~{D* f /&°* d£c: 1vJ i*x@@+b@@º @@/x@@+ bK @E¡@@J `@@/¡@@A E Hb@@ @g@J &* @@ @E d@@ @ @JH @@-2b@@£@< f£.*4¡D* f~6v D* b¸ ¯ f ~zD* 8*xB&* ¶(* b £~}F fDb A ,2bE vJxF" © E*¡p D x~|- ¤gD* fJ¡ gD* v + b £A f+b~{D* H&* eb~{D* 2¡@@D¡@@´* 4v~|J bE £ JH D ¡ F bE v~|J ."xE*H&* E £D(* ,4Hb@@ @ ´* ¶(* ¥4b@@~@ 9 4¡@@g@Cv@@D* &b@m@ @JH /xD* @@D3 E h J ¤C f@@=H*x@@´*H ¤ g JH IHv@@/ H2 Äs´* 4b~|D* fJ2xA fF*yFy+ m~zD* ¶(* x@@E&°* + x J &* £ g~zJ DH $*xp~|Db+ eÉ F* fDHb¹ v + d pA ~{E2 ¶(* vD*H ¢ < x gJ b GH "f ~7bA"

b :¡E ¶(* i2b@@< @@. @@ @6*4H&°* ¯ É g~6°* v + f Eb±* ¶(* hc~zgF*H b@@£@ <&°* @@E ¥x@@. eb@@~@7 @@E h@@ /H5H bEv < < h ~| F* @@. fA2b~|E zJ4b+ ¯H ¤~z ±* ym< h ~{gC* § "¤0b ~zD* xGyE" ¢ < x g E ,vE v + b £+ o*HyD* gJH ¤c ~7 4b gD* "µb~6" ¡@@G 8¡s~{D* $°'¡@@G k@@Db@@.H f 04 ¯ zJ4b+ ¶(* vB ¥wD* ¤gJ¡ D* x gJH ",¡ A" g/H5 E b mg~6* n~z gA fA2b~|E "¤0b ~zD*" ¢ < f/b0 b g~9xA fB*v~8 fBÉ< b £+ f£+x D* Íg D* v£mJ £D2 ¶(* µb~6 f£~zFx D*H @@ @ @ @<&*H @@8¡@@s@~@{@D* $°'¡@ @ G @@ @+*4H

z IK mf 6*42

…Oô°ùdG ∞«æ°üàdG á«dÉμ°TEG « G* 6§M j :f G ] f 9 Ñ+ ,|.|.^ ¡G Ò©°TƒH ó«°TôdG .O É G É ó dG OÉ dG Hô G É É «HO G Gƒ G « ° ° © G ó G O ô©° ©°T ª ô©©°T É ô©©°T G O G ƒ d ƒ °S G « ° ° dG ô° ó dG « É ôdG « jô G ƒ° ©dG Gƒ ôjó G ÉH Gƒ G H ° dG ¢ ô G dÉH dG ójó G «μ«°«°S μdG ôô° ©H G ô ô G É «μ«°«°S μdG É°ù G G dG °ù É ôdG ó G μd É É° ° Éª É ó G G G É «H ° Gƒ dG «HO H G Gƒƒ G H ƒƒ°°ù G ó É É°É°ù GÒ Ò © É ° ƒH É©«ª ƒ dG H ó ƒjj " « " É G É OÉ dG °S dG H ƒ jó H" É G ó©H Éª« " ƒƒ°°ù ôH " jÉ ƒ ««°°Só G ô© G É É μ° H ƒ dG É G Gƒ G H ««ª dG « ° dG dÉ °SG ó ƒj " ° ô . Gƒ G É É° ô ƒ dG H ° dG ô° ô° ô° j " °ù«d" Gó É « G ódG G j dG jô©©° dG « HO G Gƒ G ª° j ó dG É °ùdG G Ò Ò°°ùdG jG ôdG ° dG Gƒ G G Oô° ô°ù d « ô dG Gƒ G ª°T H °ù «ª G . d É ôdG OG

¥v£~6" f £p~8 ¤GH fFxE 8*xB&* d)*x~}D* ,4*2(* @@ @DH " c g~z´* < ym J &* ¶(* 4*x g~6b+ 24b@@ @ 6ÉA(°b+ eb~|JH £ < b DbE vJv~z ,v@@< @@64b@@ÂH @@z@J4b@@+ ¶(* xAb~z£A ¤)b £~zD* o*x1(°* ¯ f~8b1H b <&* "oÌ+2&*" ¡G 8¡s~{D* $°'¡@ G Áb@@.H b G&* E h0yF ¤gD* fJx)*y±* ,bg D* ex@@²* iv@@g@~@7* bEv < ex@@ @ ´* ¶(*

f 1*v´* wG *¡ < $bpJ(* ¢ < 8x0 c~zE B¡§ 8¡s~{D* E 2Hv@@¹ 2v< b@@E&* b F(* w1&*H fA2b~|E zJ4b+ ¯ *¡ gD* JwD* 9x + g~|B | J E v@@0*H C £~8 i*3 4b gD* 9x + H&* f£ ~zgD* xGyE" ¡@@G @@8¡@@s@~@{@D* $°'¡@ @@G H&* v + ¯ &b~{F&* ¥wD* ¤+x ´* "¤0b ~zD* ~7 ¯ b B¡~6H f£FHÆ D(* f £p~8

wG 9*x g~6* ¯ d ~zF &* vJxF ° b¿(*H bK £ / f£<x D* fJ2x~zD* *¡F&°* < f£Db ~7(* v < ÉK £ B F &* vJxF f£gJ¡ D* fc-b D* |F ¡GH £ + ¥2x~6 ,x.x." @+ ¡~6¡´* ¤ D* ~6¡J f :bA f~|B | D* *wG v J G " b ~9 É+ "iÉ0xD* e2&* E v J &* fJ*H4 &* &* ¤ c J f _~6&°* wG < f+b/(°* cBH H2 ¥2x~zD* | D* *wG < ,wcF v F

2zCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CG* 2 0 1 5 K&¸* £§CIfF |Cg CC M2

b ´* ¯ Á$b/ ¥wD* " c A *K xm0 g£ <&*H ¤~z D* £ pgD* v)*4H "i4b+" vBb D* xCwJ d-b D* bC (*H ,v0*H fp ~8 ¯ "¡ ~64&*" ÁbF¡£D* ¡~z £ D*H "vJHxA" 2x~6 ~6H f~6É~z+ -bJx F < lvpgJH gJ*H4 E f<¡ ¸ JvD b +&°* v0&bA Db <&*H ~z F xC3 z J µ ¡ A v£~zD f<¡ m´ ~z F *¡ D* ¡GH "v G bJ&*" ~6b+ f£~|~|B £C¡D* ¯ b D* b D u4'¡J ¤gD* f£-*wD* ,Ì~zD* |)b~|1 x - *w G O E ÈC&* ¯ xC3 b +& °* + g gJ ¥wD* m³bA < E ÈC&* "hJ*2 fDb²*" < ¯ f~8b1 i¡´b+ b ~{F°* b~}J&*H < ¤gD* "x~|cD* q´" ¯ bK ~}J&*H £+&* i¡E < £A lv« ¥wD*H xCwFH ,b£²*H i¡´* Í+ µb< ¯ ¤~6¡+b D* ¡±* b £ < d J ."i¡´* fAb0"H "u5x+" f<¡ m´* |~|B JHb < E Db <&* H&* x~{FH bK £ £ ~{- bK Fb A -b£0 &*v+ ¥wD* £C¡D* v£~6 d J ¡GH f £~z+ h~z£D ,b£²* &* bFÄsJ 38 @D* x < ¯ o ¶(* e ¶(* &* EyD* E g - ° fJ*H4 ¯ EyDb+ b E ¯ bJ4 v¸&* 3bg~6&°* ¡ J f~6É~zDb+ y£ g- D3 EH 4b - £B £C¡D* v£~6 fJ*H4 "ÉK £ B ,b£²* ¡A" *¡ + :",b£²*" ,vJx/ B¡E ¢ < "fJx~|E f£Ab . ibEb~z F*H l*v@@0&É@D 2x@@ @´* ¥v£ gD* 4¡ gD* @@E f@@J*Hx@@D* ¡ s-" E ¡ gJ DbA ¤/¡D¡FHx D* b § bEyD* v/¡J °H ,xE ¯ bK ~} + b ~} + E :b g- ¤gD* vGb~{´* E f<¡ ¸ f£.*v0 v + bE fJ*H4 b F(* Ix1&* ,xE ¯ D'¡´* i*3 EH i*HwD* C 4Hv- ,v0*H i*3 b G fJv£ gD* ibJ*HxD* ¯ i*wD* wG &* ¥&* b D¡0 £~9*¡´* C 4Hv-H b D¡0 Ix1&°* DH b D¡0 $¤~7 D ,4'¡+ bj ,v0¡g´* ,v0*¡D* IÄ D* wG ix ~{F* v D 4b ~{F°* ¶(* ¡£D* 9x g- i*wD* wG 2b@@«°* b~z F* jE bK @ Eb@@ ,2v@@ @g@E i*H3 ¶(* i*w@@ D* ¶(* ¡£D* ¤~6b£~6 ey0 C b~z F*H iÉJH2 ¶(* ¤g£A¡~zD* < ¶(* b@@ @g@/°* < b~z F* @@j@EH f@@£@ @1*2 i*4b@@£@ ¤/¡D¡£~6¡~zD*H ¤<b g/°* z D* <H b D* b g/°* "¤/¡D¡+HÈF&°*H

2zCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CG* 2 0 1 5 K&¸* £§CIfF |Cg CC M2

ibp ~|D* d - b £+ *K vJH4 *K vJH4 p DbC ¢~7ÉgJ £~6 b J(* E gJ µ" H&°* ~| D* ¯ x<b~{D* < ¡ J < kJv²* ¯ Jv<b~zE E 9¡sJ &bC fJx~{cD* i*4*x D* fm£g + '¡c gD* ¯ C4b~{J . f B¡g´* v D* ,xC ,*4bcE vB ,ÌjC i*'¡c - ¯ qm J x<b~{C ~6v0 ¯ ÉE%* ,*4bc´* ."e¡ ~{D* x)b~|§ gK rbc~|D* H&* w E *4*xB ws-* ¡£D*" x1%* ~9¡E ¯ ¡ JH < £A B¡gJ &* *K x<b~7 F¡C < ÉK EbC bK E¡J ¢ sgJ &* ¡G @@94&°*H $b ~zD* Í+ f ´* ¡c D*H 2¡ ~|D* iÉ04 Í+ bK £0 H&* ÉK A *K y£ gE ¡ J &* Í+ ,b£²* f gE v J ,2b< ."f/4v+ ,b£²* ¡A ¡ J &* ¤ - y£ gE f A 6b D* ,4bc D* wG "ÉK £ B ,b£²* ¡A" fJ*HxD* ~6* ¢-&* b G E )b D* *wG G *'¡~6 b < &b~{ JH | D* ¯ *K ÌjC 4x g- ¤gD* "°K b~| F* &* bK £Db - -xJ y£ ´* i*4b~7(* ¡G 0ÉF bE ÈC&* D f£Ab~7 f+b/(* v½ ° b§4 ¡~{£ J JwD* ib£~|s~{D*H ebg D* ¶(* b +&°*H 24b~zD* IxJ ÉK jE x<b~{DbA F¡<vg~zJ b@@E bK @ @ )*2H -xC*3 ¯ $b ~zD* @@E c JH v ~|J ¥w@@D* "ÍGb/ rÉ~8" @@Eb@@E&* 8b D* b £+ F5H D cc~zJ . ¯ DH $*x ~{D* ,2b C f@@J*H4 + v£ ~6 ¢ ~|E f£~|s~7 EbE&* Ix@@J ¤+¡ ±* ~z F cQ ~{JH qDb~8 d£ D " b ~{D* ¶(* ,xm D* ~6¡E" (* b§4 "Ñ* vc< xGb D* ¢£pJ" b~}J&* ¤+¡ ±* d-b Db+ dg D* ibA2 Í+ ,b£²* ¤ A µb D* < bE b~| F* b G bC f£)*HxD* ib£~|s~{D*H Ìc D* d-b D* *K 4¡ ;H $K b + £C¡D* v£~6 ib£~|s~7 ÈC&* Hvc-H ,b£²* ¡A" ¯ -b£0 *K ÌjC E&bgJ ¥wD* " ¡ ¹ d£½" "x~|cD* q´" ¯H 1997 b@@< £C¡D* b cgC ¤gD* "ÉK £ B *K v/ ,Ì~| D* |~| D* E f<¡ ¸ ¤GH bK ~}J&* 2014

d£m D d-b D* b Jv J ,y E É@@0&* f £~8 ¯ Hvc- ¤gD* ,ÆA É0&*" E $*v~8&* 2b D* } + b £A IxJH ¡ ¹ ~z F ¡ p´ "fGb D* ¡ ¹ d£½ ¶(*" £ D* É0&°* 24b~6

z IK mf 6*42

ªF§G* zª G ]ÑN ª E ,fªº* §D^ jM*K4 Üƒ©°ûdG ôFÉ°üe ‘ AGô©°ûdG ºμ– É°

ª °S

Gƒ G © ° É jô H °ùj ó dG G óH Gô©° dG É« ." « G ódG μ G Éμ °S ¢ É G °ù dÉH ô° G " É jG É d μj É É j dG " « G ódG μ G" " É É " É ó G j É G « ƒdG ó«°S É °S d " « É« G ƒ " jG . É dG É G É ° ô© É G HÉ μdG « ª ° G HÉ μdG ¢ É É G G "

&* °(* ¤ A £G*x+(*H ¡ ¹ d£½ jE gCx0 dBxJH HvcJH + f@@<3° b F¡C E È@@C&* f Jy0 Hvc- - gJxs~6 ~{+ ¤ g - ° ¤gD* ib£~|s~{D* x)b~|E ¯ fJxs~zD* b / bGÌ.&b- &bC + fm D* fJxs~zD* £D(* q © vB ¥4¡-b J4bC

É °SG Éª ª É É G " G ô G G jô°S G G ° óÉ G É j G ƒ G ¢SÉ G G ° G jG É « " ójó©dG É É « °

bg£´*"@ D f ´* |)b~|³* Iv@@0(* fJ*HxD* wG ¢ < d J E xs~zJ J ° d-b DbA fJxs~zD* ¤GH bK ~}J&* "fJ*H4 *¡ + EbC ~|A b GH DHb gJ ¥wD* "Í j´*" g¸ d-b D* E&bgJ ¡£ £ 0 ebgC £A ¡mJ "Í j´* ¢ E"

2zCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CG* 2 0 1 5 K&¸* £§CIfF |Cg CC M2

@ f@@J*Hx@@D* w@@G ¯ @ fc£GxD* ,b@@Fb@@ @´* f £. iv@@+ v@@BH E /Hx1H Gx AH x~| D* *w@@G ¯ ÍJx~| D 5xD* ¢ < ¡~|²* /&* E Ix@@1&* 2É+ ¶(* Gv + fEb D* fD°vD* E f )*¡gE Gv + ¯ £ < y< ¥wD* ,bFb ´* *ÌF &bCH x ~6 ,bFb ´ 6x - ¤gD* fJ*HxD* ¯ f ±* ¡12 /&* E Ì gD* f § } - f )*vD* ,4¡~|+ fJx~|´* i*wD* v / fD°vD fJ*HxD* 6x - b C ,4'¡cD* wG ¯ fD°vD* yCx g- k£0 ,v@@²* fJb= ¯ jÂ ¥wD* {Eb D* v½ fJ*HxD* ibp ~8 4*vE ¢ <H f )ÉDb+ ¤ J Ç@@´* ¯ 4Hv@@J b´ ib D* v£ + Iv~8 5 @@B4 {Eb D* ¯ $b@@/ bE @@D3 E ÍJx~|´* ¢ < ¯ x A E H&* &* h ~{gC*" ¡ J k£0 fJ*HxD* E bB v A f <*x D* G f Jv³b+ ²* ¢ < $É£g~6°* Hv ~|D* ¯ ~9HH £1&* @@z@J4H5H&* f Jvs+ h~6 g/H5 ¡Ev+ D ,b£²* i2b< b´H £ D* ¯ + ¢ D&*H A2H *K $y/ Í +4&* ByEH h~6 Ix1&* ,xE bB zJyJ(* b <Æ1* E pF *K 3(* x~|E IxB E fJxB ¯ $y/ C ."µb D* bGb <H ²* ¢ < $É£g~6°* f<v1 Æ1* E H&* pF " fJ*HxD* E 41 B4 {Eb D* ¯ ¡ JH $b~} D* &* E m~zD* ¯ ~6¡J bFv£~6 µb D* ¯ ¡m~zD* i*¡ ~6 7 m~6H $¥x@@+ @@F(* b@@B yJy D* v < ¯ tEb~{D* < gBH 64¡0 4&b. k£0 µb D* ¯ 4&bjD* w1&* E H&* pFH E b Jv £D zJ42(* bFv£~6 bK £cF D Ñ* ~64&* E H&* pFH &*xB* f ~6 °%* 7 w E D* Æ1* E H&* pFH 2b~z D* f <*x D* v < ¯ Í0É D* E d)*x~}D* ¡ mJ *¡FbC £C ,x A C &b~{ EH b G E fDÉ~9 C &b~{ E v +H ¡-b 1(* cB E &*¡~6&* ex D* &° ex D* Ì= Í ~z´* E hFbC fc£: ÍJx~|´* £A ÆpJ ¥w@@D* x ´* j x~|E @@94&* &* HvcJ *w@@+H fEb D* fD°vD* E $*¡g- fD°vD* wGH b )b +&* E ¡c£ D* ¡G b~}J&* x ~6H @ fJ4¡p´* x ~6 f£~|s~7 qc~z- k£0 fJ*Hx D jE bK Eb bEx²*H ,bFb ´* E ¡/ ¯ @x~|´ Ãv D* ~6°* d ~|D* EyD* *wG ¯ x~|E $b +&* E Íc£ D* µ&°* ¡-&* ¯ *Æ@@0°*H ,bFb ´* f £. r¡~9¡+ HvcJ b G EH Ab0 v£~z D ¡ £~{g+bC fJ*H4 ¯ dGÉD*

2zCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CG* 2 0 1 5 K&¸* £§CIfF |Cg CC M2

fJ*H4 ¯ fJ4¡p´* f£~|s~{D* A x ~6 ¢ < xE&°* x~|g J µH ~z F Ab0 v£~6 eHb© b J&*4 b¿(*H Ab0 v£~zD ¡ £~{g+bC k£0 fJ'HxD* wG E ¶H&°* b -bcg< ¯ H&* fJ*HxD* fJ*v+ cB @@E'H&* ¤ F(* ¤~z F < $¤~7 f+bg D °(* ÉK G'¡E h~zD" ¡ J bG4v J b EH x1%* E5 ¯ x1%* v~z/ ¯ g g~6 ¤0H4 &b+ ´* b m D fB*¡- b F&* J F(* b £ < Jv£+ Ñ* q~zÂH E ex D* :¡D*H x~|E ¯ -vGb~7 bE J F(* $¤~7 C ¯ $b£~}D* eb£=H qc D*H $bc D* E h+w - ¤0H4 (* ib+*w< ."$b£cF&°* eb£=H $b cD*H ¤)*HxD* µb D* ¢ < Ab0 v£~zD fD¡ ´* wG hcp~zF* v D b +b + b g c:H ¡ £~{g+bC fJ*HxD 8b1 4b E *3 Ab0 v£~6 v < ¤)*HxD* µb D* *v+ vBH cggD* ¢@@ @< f@@ @)b@@ @D* ,4v@@ @ D* w@@G @@E ¤ g´* {Gv£~6H ¯ z£DH ,b£²* ebgC ¯ &*x J F&bCH ¡ gD*H $b~| g~6°*H fJ*H4 ¤gD* IÄ D* f£+bg D* ib<Hx~{´* ¶(* ¤ g J Ab0 v£~6 A bG4HxE cg-H f gº b@@E5&*H 4¡~|< Ä< f£~|s~{D* cg f gº b~z/&*H l*v0&b+

§¡ª k+fF jM*K4 · ,fIf ¼* j ª.

ìhQ ájÉμM ©ª G °S É ó dô É G .ô °S

G ó G ó©H

É ó«°ùdG dƒ G É . « Éμ°ù ôdG G ƒ °SG óª ©j dG dG ô G ©HÉ°ùdG ô G Ò G ôdG É° jG ó ƒ É . °ùdG « °Sƒ

ójÉ O

ó ô °S ó É OÉ°S ƒ Gƒ ©H jó ƒ G ° ƒ° ©dG G ô ° ƒ ° dÉ dG

gº HM *4 b D bC {E*¡ D* wGH fJ*HxD* ÇE ¢ < ,ÌjC {E*¡ D* wG hFbCH ~z F fJ*HxD* D'¡E F&* -b ~6 E HvcJ ¤<vg~z- b@@¿(*H fJ*HxD* Ç§ *xGb; b:bc-4* f c-xE Ì= H&* ¤ £ - H&* ¤ £.¡- +b: E b D b§ f£-*wD* ,Ì~zD* f£ + fJ2v gD* ¯ Gb~6 b» n£~{ D*H m~{D* zp+ $¤ E r¡@@+ E b + gJ bEH fJ*HxD* ¯ ¥H*xD* b ~7&* 2v -H f£-¡~|D* a4b D* IvD ¤ g D ,ÌjC i*¡ B DwD fm£gF qgAH {E*¡G bK <x gEH bK £D*¡gEH bK J5*¡gE *K 2x~6 ¢ gJ F&° ¡G Bb0 v£~z D ¡ £~{g+bC fJ*H4 ¯ ,¡ + x D* h J b»H rHxD* i°b gF* ¡G b £A fJyCx´* fD°vDbA fJx D* b g£ + . EH x gD* b - ¤C f gº i*¡£0H 2b~z/&* f c~6 Ä< ¡/ ¯ qc~z- fJ*HxD* / b» f£/¡D¡j£E ,x A wGH 2¡ ³* fJx~|´* fJ*HxD* b g~6xC ¤gD* f£ B*¡D* $*¡@@/&°* < gº h BH k£0 b gEbs~9 E =xD* ¢ < fJ*HxD* /H ,x~8b ´* f c~6 E *K $y/ qc~|- b¿(*H b -*w+ g - ° fp ~8 401 ¯ C ¯ H&* $y@@/ C ¯ x ~6 ,b£0 d g- b C f EbC $*y@@/&* JH £A h~7b< v~z/ C ¯ b 0H4 cgg-H b g~7b< ,b£0 9x g-H x ~6 rH4 £A h~7b< bK gº *K x~|< $y/ C ¯ v~z/ ~{- i*4bcg1°* wG x~|< C ¯ f£ £ 0 i*4bcg1° b 0H4 ¡GH 2x D* xG¡±* b E ¢ cJ ¢g0 ,xE C ¯ x ~6 *K xJv/H *K x gE qc~8&*H + f Db D* d)*¡~{D* E | 1 vBH 2¡ ³* £ +

*42

f 6 z IK m

d ôdG jÉμ dÉ dG G ƒ ƒ «° HÉ É dG © dG ô °S ° ¢ ô© °ù jG ôdG ô G G ó°ù É« G ¢ ô G ôdG ó d G jG G G ôdG ƒ «° HÉ

¡G v0*¡D* ¥H*xD* HvcJ ° Ab0 v£~z D "¡ £~{g+bC" fJ*H4 ¯ Eb ~6(* D bC b» HM *4 E ÈC&* b G b¿(*H v g ´* D* 5¡gJ fJ*HxD* wG ¯H v0*H b©* ¯ Ì~zD* v< ¯ q~9*¡D* É1 E @@D3H ¥x~{cD* z ±* ¤<¡F ¢ < ¥H*x@@D* 4H2 É1 E *v+ b C /xD* x~| < ¶(* ¤ g J ¥w@@D* ¥H*x@@D* b C ,&*x D ¤ g J ¥wD* ¥H*xD*H ;bC H&* £ 1 *¡~94 ¤pgA iv+ b C ,2v gE f£Fb ´* f£ cD* iv+H 2*5x ~7 É1 E *v+ ¶(* ~|- *K v/ ,ÌcC f0b~zE b DH f 1*vgE f£FbEyD* f£ cD* fJ*HxD* b +&* v0&* ¤pgA £G*x+(* } F k£0 Í ~zD* °%* x ~7 h~} F Í0 ¯ ,x~9b²* l*v0&°* E ÌcC $y/ fJ*Hx+ ¯ f£~6b~6&°* ib£~|s~{D* Iv0(* @ ~6°* fD°2 ¢ s- °H @ 2*5 f £ D* d²* f~|B ¡0 4Hv- fÂvB l*v0&* fJ*Hx+ fJ*HxD* d¹H @ ¢~6¡E ¤c D* h c-* ¤gD* fJ2¡ £D* ,bg D* @ 4¡F Í+ ¤GH ¢~6¡E ¤c D* £Db g+ E'¡J ° ¥wD* Á¡<x D* v)b D* fJ*HxD* ¯ fJ4¡p´* ib£~|s~{D* Iv0(* x ~6 ¢ < D3 | EyD* ¯ h © x ~6 rH4 ¤G 4¡@@F &* 2*5 x ~7 Ix@@- k£0 l*v0&°*H fÂv D* l*v0&°* Í+ b£D*¡gE 2x~zD* ;H Ãv D* fJ*HxD* 4*vE ¢ < ,x~8b ´* f<¡ gE f£-¡~8 i*$b<vg~6* fJ*HxD* wG ¯ b G &* b C x ;&* b» fJÈFH fJx ~7 f£c /&*H f£+x< fjJv0H fÂvB q~z J k£p+ 4v~|D* b~z-*H f£:*x ÂvD* f ~z+ ¥H*x@@D* {E*¡G b G hFbC vBH -¡~8 Ì= i*¡~8&° ~6*¡D* bm´*

2zCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CG* 2 0 1 5 K&¸* £§CIfF |Cg CC M2

E E j ,Ô Éª« °S «ª°S

íeÓe ÓH AÉª°S }£+&* bK +bp~6 h ~64 ~6xD* i&*v@@+ ¥v@@J ¯ f~{Jx+H ib p~9 h ~64 vJy´* ~6xD $b ~zD* fp ~8 ¢ < h =¡ |B*4 x~|1H fJyExB f FxBH $*x 0 ,24H fJHvE ~6 ¢ < bK ~}J&* - *K v£/ b Ax<&* f Jv~8 ¤cFbm+ hFbC 45&* $b ~zD* ¡D ¤ - i&*v@@+ b D ~6x-H $*¡ D* ¯ bGvJ ¯ $*2¡~6 f~{Jx+

2zCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CG* 2 0 1 5 K&¸* £§CIfF |Cg CC M2

f£Ab~8 $b ~zD* iv/H xCbcD* rbc~|D* ¯ h £g~6* Í0 v/&* µ qEÉE ¥&* E f£Db1 hFbC 7¡-4 H&* ebp~6 É+ E ¶vgJ ~zD* bC $*¡ D* ¯ bK ~6 v ~8&* &* E *K x E ¯ f0b~zE ¶(* -w1&* £ < iv ~8 Í0H ¤gAx= bc~7 iv ~8H ~z + bK )bB $¤~7 ¶(* v g~zJ ° qc~8&* *x D* É@@0&°*H b ~7&°* E f=4bA $b ~zD* hFbC ,&*x@@/ +

h g~6*H 2x~zD*H ¤ ²* ¯ <ÄJ i*x~8b E ibJb 0 tJ4bgD* ¯ ibJb p D f@@JH*4 x ~7&*H H&* 2*5x@@ @~@7 o3¡@@¿ f£FbjD*H ¶H&°* fJb ²* ¯ ~z0 b E iÉ + DH ¤+x D* Hvc- k£0 ¤ p D f£Ab D* f jD* gÂ ° ib~7¡~{E JvcJ }Eb= /4 ,¡ ~6 b@@E&* ,y/b<H fc g~zEH f £ ~9 bJxE ¡G – ¡ F*xA b /H5 f£FbF&° fcJ2 É~zg~6* &* b C b g~zJ fJb ²* ¯ bJxE fJ*H4 x~6 IwD* }Eb D* |s~{D* i*3 f ~6 E v£C&b- f£)*HxD* hDHb0 bE }Bb J H&* ¶H&°* ,4v@@ @B Iv@@ @ @ EH ¤@@@ @ @²* Ì£ - ¢@@ @ < ib@@ @JH*x@@ @D* ,¡ ~zD* £ «H µb D* xE&°* fJb F ¯ fJ4¡CwD* g» < "ibJH*xD*" ,x@@ 0b@@ ~@ @z@ @D* @@@´*¡@@@ @ @+ f@@£@ @~@7 f@@ @ @ + e¡@@g@ @ ´* ¢@@ @<H b@@£@ s@ @ D ,Ì@@j@ E bG5¡A v@@< @@E @@=x@@D* f£+x D* xC¡cD* ,y)bm+ b D fE2bB °K b <&* &* °(* v~|« &* @@B¡@@g@ ´* @@E xC¡+ ,y@@)b@@/ @@E È@@C&* ,v0*H xC¡+ h~z£DH

*K v£ + x²* b~6Æ~6°*H z ~zD* ¤ ²* f + fJ*HxD* h g b 0x - ¤gD* µ*¡ D* +b~{- =x+ fJ¡ D* ib~9*x g~6°* < ibJb ²*H $b~z D* k£0 ibJx1&* ibc-bC µ*¡< E ~z0 b E f+bg D* b¿&* E D3 ¶(* bEH ,&*x´*H /xD* Í+ fBÉ D*H f j E D* f D i$b/ b C f~6¡ ´* f ~z D* i*3 f£)b~z D* ´b< E <*ygF* Ä< bK _£~{A bK _£~7 a4b D* v£+ w1&b- f <bFH ¢ < x gD* &*vcgD fJ*HxD* 8¡s~7 µ*¡< ¯ <45H 8b³* *wg+* H2 "ibJH*xD*" iÉ + IvD ibc=xD* µb< f~8b³* f@@£@)y@@±* iv@@+ kJv²*H ,xGb D* f 0x+ kJv0H xJb J ,4¡@@. < ,4v + b g . @@< @@z@£@D&* b ~6(* ¢ < ÍJx~|´* bG¡ A &* v + *¡@@ 1(°* fAb~9(* f+bj§ 4bcE E f p EH f@@J4Hx@@~@ 9 Ì@@= ¤)*HxD* D* µb< ¢ < f £~| - b F&bCH x - 3(* b@@Gx@@.&* b@@ @D b@@C ,v@@ @)*5 b@@ @ ~@ 9(* ¯ q@@ ~@ @9*¡@@ D* fjDbjD* fJb ²* iÉ + ~z0 b E hEvB

2zCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CG* 2 0 1 5 K&¸* £§CIfF |Cg CC M2

bK pmc-H *K 4H5 ~6b+ bGx~{FH pJ b £AH "Í D* 4¡0" *¡ < pgA f£FbjD* fJb ²* bE&* E bK +xG "Í D* 4¡0" fJxB ¢ < bK £~9 }Eb D* /xD* D3 k£0 2b D* < ¡0 6b D*H fAbp~|D*H Jx~7b D* f _~6&* b F&* ; v + f£Fb. fJ*H4 f+bgC < ym D f £ < fE5&* 7b< ° F&* IxJ ¤gD* -x ~{+ bK @<43 b~9 b C hB¡D* E ¤-&bg~6 yJ¡D H&* "fcJv+" ¤ g J f£)b D* fJx D* g+ b G b pg~zJ iHÌc+ g£cD b pJH b /HygJH b c0 ¢A J b £ ~zJ b C 4Hv- fAHx E Ì= ,&*xE* ~6b+ fJ*H4 4¡ ; f ¹ {£ J k£0 c£~|-H bK £ < bK 0b½ « Í D* 4¡0 fJxB ¯ b .*v0&* v + vJv±* D* Í+H £+ 6b D* +4 &* v + f £ < f+%b + ~{+ l*v@@0&°* ¤ g - ¢g0 fJx D* g+ gEbB(* E -2¡< B¡gE Ì= b©* ¢AH z)b+ < b ~}gJ ¤gD* fjDbjD* f@@J*Hx@@D* "2*5x ~7 ¢ E" f£~zFx D* fJb 0 ¢ < b DÉ1 E x gF ¤gD*H "ibJH*xD*" ¢A b jp+H *4¡@@g@Cv@@D* fcDb: z£D&* f~|B b EH z££F%* fJv D* f/xs´* b£ + b gB*v~8H D*H f ~z D* Í+ fBÉ D* ¯ $b D* ¶(* b G2¡ - ¤gD* fB*v~|D* - fJx~|E ¡~8&* E E ibFb A f£ / z£~6&bg+ gD xJb J 25 ,4¡. v + ,xGb D* ¤ E < kpc D zJ4b+ ¶(* bK E *42b - &* cB É~zD* /&* Í~z²* ¯ z£D&* b £ g - ¤gD* Hv+&* i*4b~7(* d~z0 2*5x ~7 b g/° b E ¶(* ¡« ¥wD* 2*5x ~7 ¢ E ¯H ,xGb Db+ k£0 v + dg - H&* v + Hx- µ ibJb 0 JvD ¤)ÉD* $b~z D* ~9 f.ÉjD* ibJb ²* ¯ ibJ*HxD* ¡£1 ¤Bbc+ b G ¤ g z£D&* Í+ ibBÉ D* ¡£1 q~}g-H 4*x~6&°* ~{ gD D* ¶H&°* fJ*HxD* ¢A £ < b Ax - IwD* }Eb D* ¤)*HxD*H *vJxAH 2*5x ~7 ¢ § bK £ / gBÉ<H x)b ~9 E f £D¡g+ i*¡@@~@ 8&°* 2v - f£)*HxD* hEvsg~6* ¯ *K v / a4b D* E d gJ b» d:bs´*H d)b D*H g´* ibJb ²* E ¥&* <H gJ E x J ¤C ibJb ²* cg ib£~|s~{D* $b ~6&* ³ f£)*HxD* iv < b C lÉ@@j@D* f£ GH f~8b1 $b ~6&* f£~|s~7 C - k£0 @@Cb@@E&°*H ¯ ¡B¡ D a4b@@ @ D* @@Av@@J b@@» Ix@@ 1&°* ib£~|s~{D* ¢ < *K 2v¸ f +b~zD* :b ´* ,$*x@@B ,2b@@<(° 4*x ~9*H ,Ì²* ÄC&* y£CÆ+

2zCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CG* 2 0 1 5 K&¸* £§CIfF |Cg CC M2

fB4b D* ,&*x´* - ibJb ²* f ~7b< E ¶H&°* fJ*HxD* &*vc f£ G¡D* b -b£~|s~7 1H f£ 1*vD* b ´*¡< ¯ fBx g~z´*H ibJb ²* wG fJ*HxD x gD* ¯ ,b£²* ¯ b g£ E&* x~|p -H v0&b+ b < Hx@@; &* °(* b@@ @-x@@C*3 ¯ b + g« ¤gD* @@D3 H2 ¡pJ b ~{£< d~z D ib<2¡g~z´* H&* 5b@@s@ ´* b £ < c J 9¡ + x~|gJ d@@Jx@@= @@/4 x J ¢g0 ~6* £ < - f+bg D x gDb+ bK Jx E bK ~9x< ÉK Eb0 ,&bmA " Hv+&* £p±* ÉE" fJ*H4 D'¡E ~6b+ bK £- "¡-b+b~6" rx - °&* ¢ < b gJ b )*2 b gc£ 0 ¯ b « ¤gD* fJ*HxD* bEH bE E c - bE +b E f£ £ ²* gJ¡G ¡0 f _~6&* g -H + x - f+bg D b =x - ,ÆA ¯ fJb<4 E /bg« 64bH bG4v~8 ,Ì D* ex~}- b Bb -* v~z - ° ¢g0 b DH wG ¤ g -H f£)*HxD* b ~8¡s~7 v0&* f Ax+ b Db£1 ¯ d²* ~6b+ bGx~{FH b gJ*H4 ¢ < }Eb D* /xD* $É£g~6b+ fJ*HxD* oHxs+ f cD* ¤ g - b £+ 4¡ ~{E ½ qc~|£D ¤ £ ²* ¢g0 b´* H&* ,x ~{Db+ DH b D ¡ J &* H2 µb D b -bJb 0 b gcgC ¤gD* fJ*Hx D £B¡- 0 $b .&* ¢A v + < cB*x- b F&*

¢ 0 f¤H ]mfMK*4^ z¡< ájQƒcòdG Iƒ£°ùdG º«£– ≈∏Y IQOÉ``b äÉ``jGhô``dG ⁄É©dG Ò«¨Jh

ô°ùj

*42

z IK mf 6

ÉμdG É É« «©°ù dG ° HÉ G ó °ù É HÉ dG Ò°S É dG G É jG Gƒ G GO ó° dG ô G 1995 °S j ƒ°ùdG jG ôdG ô É É ó° Éª ÉH É © É °TGô ¢ù É «°S Gô G HÉ μdG ƒdG ¢ ©H ƒ dG ƒd « É dG É jG É G « G Gó d ó©H 2002 É ÉjG ©HÉ Gƒ °S °ùH « Gô ÉjG Éª G ° 2010 ô°S 2009 ó©dG ô ƒ dG É jƒ dG dG G dG É H « Hô © dG jG ô d 2013 G ƒ jG 2011) GO OÉ° dG É j Gô dG jG É °S O dG Ò H ôjƒ dG 2015 É©dG «Hô©dG jG ô d ô ƒ dG ô G jƒ dG ª É dG ª° . Ò° dG ª É dG ~|A C h«H "2*5x ~7 ¢ E" *K Ì1&*H "Í D* 4¡0" . ibJb 0 Ä< a4b@@ @D* 2¡ - f£<xA JHb < o4v - ~zB H&* k£0 2*5x ~7 E fjJv²* b s~zF H&* f£)b~z D* b ~8¡s~7 :b g- b DH bK JxGb; f ~| E fJ*H4 ¶(* ~|A C ¡pgJ f£)b~z D* ib£~|s~{D* 4¡ ; k£0 E ibJb ²* ¤Bb+ E x1%*H ~zB Í+ b )b g1*H

"ibJH*xD*" ¤)*HxD* b D ~z0 b E fJ4¡~zD* f£)*HxD* v O ¤)*Hx D ,Ì ~{D* ,Ì~zD* E ,b0¡g~z´* "¥H4&° h 1" ,4bc + f+bg D* @@E © 3(* y£C4bE b£~64b/ £Jx+b/ ¤c´¡ D* ,b£²* i*¡£0 i*x~{< 2b - f £jC f£ = ,b£0" ¤ ²*H ."f£)x´* f£/4b³* "¢ A&°* v /"@+ &*vc- ¡~|A lÉ. ¶(* b gJ*H4 b E ~z -H

2zCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CG* 2 0 1 5 K&¸* £§CIfF |Cg CC M2

¡G e2&°* (* ¡ D* ¤ c £A *K wc¹ *K xE&* f£ ~8H "f£<¡~9¡E" ."e2&°* ~6b+ ¡ E Ì= ¡pF ¢ < 6b D* ~|1 bE i*wDb+ ib<bc F°* G4 x ~{D* fJx ~7 ¢ c- Schlegel £ ~{D bK c-H 2vpJ &* x ~{ D Jx gD Â" ¡ J ,ÆA D f£Db ±* £ < ¡G bE H&* bC bE ° x ~{D* £ < ¡ J &* ¤ c J bE A (* b+b~}gB* ÈC&°* ~{+ ~z F < Ä J v A °(*H B*¡D* ¯ x ~{DbA " b EH bE5 C ¯ x ~{Db+ bF¡<2 bE ¡G x ~{D* ,Ì gE - b F(bA |)b~|³* } c+ 5bgÂ &* v+° bC (*H ¡<vF b < bFÌJb E vJv© d/¡g~zJ Ì gD* *wGH 4*x g~6b+ x ~{Db+ ¡<vF ° bEH *K x ~7 v A fE4b~|D* fJv D* f£ Db+ bK c-xE bK g0 xE&°* z£DH 2b D* ~7 b C v D* E b 0 - µ 8¡~| D $*x D* ~7 b<2* bE DbsJ *w@@GH e2&°* {EbG ¯ v/*¡g- 8¡~| D bF&* h ~6 *3(*" D bB ÉN )bB &* < 24H 3(* x 0&°* 1 bB +bp~8&*H hF&* £A h B bE ·b+&* b A ~zpg~6&* x ~{Db+ *x~|D* D b A g ~zpg~6bA bK G42 hF&* iw1&* *3(* D Í+ fF4b ´* /¡A "" D Fb~zpg~6* J G $¥24 F&* ~} c+ 6b D* +xJ ¥w@@D* ¤p ~|´* +b D* i*3 2¡ D* ¯ ¤<bgE(°* dFbm D Dbº ,4bmgD* H'¡~7H iÉEb ´* ¯ ,$*x D* (* fJ2x D* g£~8¡~|s+ b~zF(°* ~|J ¥wD* e2&°* | -H *x ~7 $*x D* p~7xJ bE qDb~|D /*Æ- *K 3(* fJv D* q£~7ÆD* *wG bE&* fJ4b£ ´* +*¡~}D*H ÍF*¡ D* £ < bpg~6* &* v + @@{@JH42 2¡ ¹ x<b~{D* 4b@@~@7&* v@@BH ¥wD* É D*" ¡G x ~{D* &* ¶(* È D*H x ~{D* Í+ Jx gD* mJ ¥v D* ¥yJx D* A 24H x ~7 *wG ¡ J )4bB mJ ~6* É D* *wG ¥2b D* É D* c~{J ° É D* *wG (* ¡ fD¡cm´* ,yJx Db+ ££ gD* c-xJ {JH42 x F ¤ A "x ~{D* ¥v D* z²* ¢ < ~8*¡J ¢g0 B¡gJ &bg J ° x g~zE ¡« ¯ *K 3(* x ~{D* (* O vJvpgD* ¢ < 8bg JH 2x gJ ¢g0 +*¡~9 2v« °H Ì~z´* b E H&* bE5 bGx~|pJ °H 4*x g~6b+ ÌJb ´* 2vmg- DwD 4v~|E @@F&° *Hv@@D* ¢ < a4b D* ¶(* 2¡ F C D3 v +H <b gD* EH ¢ ´*

2zCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CG* 2 0 1 5 K&¸* £§CIfF |Cg CC M2

f£+x D* fJx ~{D* x~8b < E E x~| < ¢ < 2x ¥w@@D* D Â x ~{D* &* È D* ,v£~|B hgc.&* b C &b~7 *3 z£D 8¡~|F } + &* bFv/H +b ´* ¯H 5¡D* < ¤ g~zJ &* b F&* =x+ *K x ~7 iÄg<* z£FH2&*H ¥5bm0 ¤ ´*vc< v 0&* H&* f£-¡~|D* f £ D b £A 2¡/H ÉA bK E fD°vD*H b J(°* fJÈF ¤ £ 0 x ~7 b F&* ¯ 2b½ ° D3 EH rbJyFÉD ¢ cg~6H GH v + bE L GH *K 3(* x ~{D* fJx ~7 ¢ < }c D* (* gJx ~{+ bE |F ¢ < p D bK E¡g¹ *K xE&* ¤ g´* ¶(* ,2¡ D* ¡ J ~z F Tzvetan Todorov H4H2¡@@- bg£Ay- ¡G bG ²* &* ¡£D* ~{D* b £D(* ¢BxJ ° ¤gD* )b ²* E" d/*¡D* E D D g£ c+ c-xE bE < ¢ < ¤Â¡ gD* v£0¡D* Eb D* ¡G z£D D3 &* ¡GH x1%* xE&* ¢ < v£C&bgD* D* f £B ~}A&* ~{+ F ¢g0 9Æ F &* b A p D v£ ´* Ì= ·H&°* ¤ £ B(°* £~z gD* *wG < ¤ sgD* dmJ F&* )4bB E D* g J ¥wD* £~z gD* *wG bK J4Hx~9 bC (*H ¤gD* f p D* ¯ °(* 5Ä- ° b DH D* ¯ f EbC f £ DbA fJx ~{D* |)b~|³* xA*¡- =ÄA "bE a4bB b £A g~zJ ¤c£CÆD*H ·°vD*H ¤-¡~|D* rbJyF°* I¡g~zE ¢ < bE | D |F ¢ < fJx ~{D* $b ~9(° ÉK £c~6 a4b D* ¶(* ¡/xD* ¢ cJ < b A4 H&* Í E Ì~{J Rifattere Ì-b J4 JbE vBb D* v½ b£~zD* i*3 ¯H ¤p - ¤gD* ib D*H i*4bc D* } cD fJx ~{D* f £ D* &* ¶(* lvpgJ ¡GH ¡ J b + ¥x ~{D* H&* ¤ ~8*¡gD* b£~zD* c~{- 4¡A bGv0H ¤G bFv ° iÉ ~{gD* wG" fJx ~{D* iÉ ~{gD* < ib~}Bb g D oH2y@@´* d:b gD* < f £ B fAx § °(* D3 E vB bE b£~6 ¡ J ¥wD* 4v Db+ ¢ - &* Â b F&° f£+¡ ~6&°* bE z F ¡GH "I¡B&* ,4¡~|+ f B¡gE *w G qc~|-H b + c~{ vB ¥wD* Terry Eagleton ¡g mJ(* ¥Ì- vBb D* IvD v½ fJx ~{D* i*4bc D* &* Äg J ¡ A f£ G&°* f Db+ fJx ~7 f+4b E 4x g´* b g~6°* 2xm A ÈC&* h g~6* b C b gJx ~7 v bK c-H Ì.&b-H D&* E b D bC bE b c ~zJ fJ5bm´* i*4bc D x ~{ D f£<*v+(°* f £ D* xJv - ¯ bK £ E ¤ gD* qc~|J DwD fD¡ E 4bcg<b+ e2&°* ¶(* x D* v< bC *3(*" ¡ J 3(*

z IK mf 6*42

?ô©°ûdG Ée ÉHG É ¢ É° G dG jô©° dG É H G HGOO « HO G ¢ SÉ G Ò ô©° dG « dG ° ƒ ƒ«dG ° Gƒ dG d jOÉ©dG ¢ ƒ° dG É G GÉ Ò « dG ª dG É ª« ôdG ô G Ò © dG Éμ°TG ƒdÉ G « É dG °ùdG ¢SÉ G ƒdG ƒ° dG Éª μdG H «d ódG Gô É dG ¢ùjôμ É Ò Ò É °ù G ójó ô G É ©dG .¢ É° G d

Ä< ¡« ¯ fJx ~{D* &* bK ~}J&* ¡AÆ J ÍJx ~{D* &* v£+£+ ,x)*2 E oxsJ vB *K x ~7 f£sJ4b- fc 0 ¯ v J b A bEyD*D* f 0xE ¯ x ~{D* ,x)*2 E ox1&* bEH Ix1&* fc 0 ¯ x ~{D*D* Ä<H Ix@@1&* f£sJ4b- f 0xE ¯ *K x ~7 Äg J vB f£sJ4b-b AH h g1*H ib D* i2v - b ~8&°* i2v - b A b ´*´* x ~{D* Db~zE &° *x FH f D C ¯ fJx ~{D* ÌJb E D33 ib ~6 vJv« d ~8 b@@E5&°* Ì g+ Ì g- fJx ~{ D f Db³* ³* Db~z´* vJv« ¶(* ~|F &* Â b F&* =xA" D ,2v¹ ¹ v + ~{g F D b F&* °(* ,b E fc 0 $*x ~{D f£<¡ D* fJx ~{D*D* ."x ~{D* 2Hv00 vCH kpcD* f ~8*¡E ¢ < ¡Jx ~{D* x~|J @@D3 @@=x@@+H ¥x ~{D* *v+(°* AH b~|J fJx ~{ D o3¡¿ ¢ < ¡~|²* ²* i*2¡ ¸ Gx F ¯ d gJ bE ¡@@GH b@@ @EH b@@E5 C ¯ ¯ fJb D* £ « v~|B b + b£ D* Íj0bcD* ¢ < d/¡gJ f £ << gJ x@@1%* 4¡ E E x@@E&°* ¶(* x F b F&* Ì= ,2¡~{ ´*´* bc g~6°*H ¤ gDb+ xE&°* °* &*x J ¥w@@D* ¤ g´* @@G3 ¯ f EbC x ~{D* fJx ~7 &* v g F F | D* ¢ < xE&°* x1%* ¯ pJ ¥wD* ¡ A g~zJH | D*D* hFbC b´b: ¤gD* f£-¡~|D* f £ DbA ,$*2x@@ @D* H&* ,2¡@@±b@@+ xCb~7 4v+H f )É´* 5bF hgc.&* ¤+x D* x ~{D* ¯ fJ4Hx~99 f £ gD* x ~7 &* bgc.&*H bK E *K x~| < - µ b F&* eb£~zD*D*

2zCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CG* 2 0 1 5 K&¸* £§CIfF |Cg CC M2

,v~{ ´* fJv£ gD* f£+x D* f=ÉcD* v < E ·bgDb+ bG4x«H ."v£0¡D* ,v0*¡D* f D* ¡0 ¤E¡ D* eb ³* ¶(* l*v@@0&*H )bBH JHv- ¶(* ,24b~zD* v - k£0 ib£E¡£D* ¤ EyD* b +bg- d~z0 E vJv D* ¤ - f0¡g E 4*45&b@ + bK ~|F dg - ¢~z£ D* f £j+ ¢ < f@@J*Hx@@D* ,4v@@B ¯ j g´*H eb@@ @³*H Ìc gD* b ~7&* f<¡ gE f£+b 1 *¡@@F&*H fJÌc - 6b /&* £;¡-H eb £g~6* fJ2x~zD* f£ cD* ¶(* ~zgJ ¥w@@D* x ~{D* ¢ < qg - Dw+H ¶(* lv²* f£ Eb J2 E ¡pgD* k£0 2x~zD* f+b-4 x~z £D fJx ~{D* ib£ p´* 24¡F 4¡ ´* *w +H *v/¡D* f£ £Eb J2 f£DbgD* £ D* ~6&°* ¶(* ¤0H4 hBb- £ D* ¢ <&°* E" 94&°* hCx-H $b ~zD* ixmG ¤0H4 h cG vB ~6&°* µb D* ¶(* u&°*H &°*H oHyD* hCxb ~6H ¶(* iv~7 : /H D bK 0x/ b ~6&*4 f B ¢ <H *'¡~zD* J b±¡~|D* v)É D* f m´* b -xG5H b£FvD* ,b£²* lb.&* b Jv£+ ¥vJ c~7&* ."fÂv D* fJxE¡~zD* ¤g Jv~8 bFbF(* ¶(* y - ¤gD* fJx ~{D* f£ p´* wG ¶(* ¥x ~{D* nG¡D* ~zgJ ¤ ~zD* µb D* ¶(* $¡m D*H ¤~94&°* µb D* E eHx D* £ « f£ ~9¡D* gD°2 < Ìc gD* *xpFb+ f£0bJyF* f D Ä< $¤~{D* Í - ¶H&°* fD°vD*"@A f£)bpJ(°* fD°vDb+ ~6¡gD*H x~7'¡gA f£FbjD* fD°vD* bE&* ¤ £Gb E ~zF AH µb D* -H ."v££pgD* ~zF v~|B µb D* Hw- Á*v/¡D* ¢ ´* ¢ < ¶(* y - f~{)b<" f@@J*H4 &* m~zF 4bg~zD* v~zF &* cBH E i¡@@´* f£~}B 4bcg<b+ i¡@@´* f@@J*H4 ¤G "¤ ~zD* µb D* f£ s+ ¢~z£ D* f £j+ £A h~9b1 ¤gD*H fJyCx´* bGbJb~}B 2Hv0 E eÆ - b Db ~7&*H b £Eb~}E E f gE f£Ab . Dw+H -°¡«H -b<b J(b+H + f Eb D*H ,v£C&°* fAx ´* b +b J + i¡´* b +b J f£)*H4 f+x© bE&* ¡ F

2zCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CG* 2 0 1 5 K&¸* £§CIfF |Cg CC M2

wG E b@@¿&* f.Éj+ g F ¡~6 ¢ ´* *w +H i*¡@@~@8&°* ibBÉ D* Ím gD* ¤@@GH Íg1b+ b@@G2v@@0 b C f@@J4*¡@@²* f~|Db³* i*4*¡@@ @²*H ¥4*¡@@@²* +b D* i*3 f 1*vg´* Íg D Í+ oyE" F&b+ Íg1b+ Ax J ¥wD* Ím gD* 8¡~|scA Í£<H Í+ ¡ ´* fc 0 ¯ $b DH v0*H ¡ E ¯ Íg£<b g/* ¢ < f~{)b< fJ*H4 ¯ Ím gD* *w D o3b¿ 24¡F "ÍD¡~| E b -b£~|s~7 b~zD Ãx´ &°* d£F&b- ¯ 24H bE £cB E f£gJ¡ D* fm D* fs+¡E ¤E&* hDbB ¡ - ·(* ¤G Â f C °H ¤ F* &*x FH " Â -b + h ~7 G¡J f@@J*Hx@@D* ~9 ¥¡ D* É@@g@1°* *w@@G &* ¢ sJ °H b )b ~8H f D* ,Hb D bK Bx1" v JH 8¡s~{D* ÉC f£ B*¡+

∂∏J áÑ«éY á∏MQ ,á«aô©ŸGh á«Ø°ù∏ØdGh á«æjódG ¬JÉ«∏Œ ™«ªéH äƒŸG ∫ƒM äQƒë“ ájGhôdG Üƒ∏°SCG ÈY äƒŸG á≤«≤Mh äGòdG øY åëÑdG á∏MQ ,É«HÉéjEG ≈°ù«©dG áæ«ãH É¡«a ÉæàWQh »àdG ÜGòL πμ°ûHh Oô°ùdG áfô©°T Ωhôj

eb + oHy» i¡E F&* ¶(* ,4b~7(°* E v+ ° Jy D*H µ&°*H ¯ f~{)b< Ì - f/42 dFwDb+ 6b~z0(°* E bK BHb~z- i*wD* bGvDH *v A ¯ dc~zD* b F&* ,x A 5Hb© v<H b ~z F fcBb E ."· x =&* &* vJ4&*" fJ*HxD* ¯ &*x F yJy< f£~6b D* ,bFb ´* b J(* < x+v´* 6&*xD* H&* H&°* i¡´* *wG ¤ ~zD* µb D* ¶(* "f~{)b<" HyF ¯ fc=xDb+ 6b~z0(°*H &*x F b D¡~|0H b « f£Fb E(*H i¡´* f+x© ¤ J ¥wD*H ¯ D3 bC ¥v~z/ ¯ $b+x D* 4HxE dc~z+ i¡´* h+x/" ."$bB4yD* f+%b D* ~}1 ¯ ¶H&°* ¥vDH IxC3 f£~6b~z0 IvE < h ~{ - vB ¡ - f+xmgD* w + ,24b~zD* bK £ < *K 2b~{g0* v~{gpJ ¥wD* i¡´* D3 <H "yJy<" £04 bK 0b~6H ¯ &*x F i¡ D x@@1%* 4¡~}0 < ~{ gJ fjDbjD* fg£´* ¯ °%* ¤)*w= ~z- 2x¸ fJ*vcD* ¯ x@@E&°* bC" f@@J*Hx@@D* /¡+ ix ~7 ¤ + ¯ bGb -&* f£)xE Ì@@= ib D c~{." ÍF&°* ¯ iw1&*H dJx= f£~6b~z0 r4b/ µ&b+ -5xA&* G¡gE i¡E I¡~6 J µ F&* v£+ x¹ ~7" b ~z F fp ~|D* ¯ &*x F b£~}D*H ,x~z²* hB¡D* *¡: $b~zgJ bCH ¢ ~{g~z´* ¶(* b F*H ,4b£~zD* &* Hv+ bE4¡~{D* 7bJHvFb~6 z F E C&bJ &* Â £C .""$¤~7 c£~|J Í+ f B*H bF&*H ,4b£~6 ¤ gEv~8 fjDbjD* ¤gg£E ¡J fp£c~8" ." 7vs+ J&* d~|- µ ÃxEH ¤E&* ¤gD* i¡´* f+x© ¯ f DbcE ,24b~zD* Hvc- vB fg£´* wG ¯ ¯ ¡G *K Ä E *K 4b~zE b D ~6x- k£0 b -x ~6&*H b g~7b< iÉ F°* f . EH b pc~7 E ex D ,vJv/ fDHb¹ f £ ²* d<x´* i¡´* /H E jM*K|G* jM4*§0 b £A +b~{g- f£ 1 "¤ ~zD* µb@@ @D* y - f~{)b<" f@@J*H4 fgJbcgE f£+b 1 *¡F&* b £A oH*yg-H i*¡~8&°* 2v g- ib D* z£D fJ*HxD* ¯ g´bA f~|Db1 fJ4*¡0 f£ + b E mJ b» f£~|s~7 D b¿(*H } cD* v g J b C 2x § d-b D* ¡G f£F¡ £~6 1*2 i¡~8 2x¸ d-b D* qc~|J k£p+ b -¡~8

m§¼* £*§G&* b ~9&* i¡´b+ "¤ ~zD* µb D* ¶(* y - f~{)b<" fJ*H4 « ¶b gJH i¡@@´* 4¡~8 ~{ ggD ,b£²b+ b Db g0* b ~9&* É1 E hAÉD* 4¡~}0 vC&bgJH £s´*H r4b@@±* <b J(* ¤gD* fJ*HxD* f£A*x / ¯ F*¡D&*H -°¡« É1 EH -bcg< A 2xCH ¥Hb~6&bE ~{+ b +* iv A &* f~|B fJ*HxD* ¤ « 4x gD v + E {£ D* }Ax- fB4b²* fEv~|D* wG v~9 v£0¡D* $¤~{D* ¤GH f+bg D* É1 E *xC3 ¯ f£0 $b cD* 2011 Jx+(* 10 4b F E &*vc- ib£E¡J Ä< A £ g~z- ¥wD* f ~6bgD* f<b~zD* ¯ 2011 Jx+(*18 ¯ ¤ g gD b : ix~z1 ¤gD* f~{)b< ¢ < xQ gF ÍsJ4bgD* JwG Í+ µb D* ¶(* b Jx: ¢ < x gFH i*¡ ~6 lÉ. cB v£0¡D* ibg£E lÉ. Ä< 4Hx@@´* k£0 ¤ ~zD* µb D* £ ~z- ¥wD* fBx0 ¯ j gJ ¥wD* 2b~|D* b 0x/ E f~{)b< ~| g- ¢g0 + D f£Dbj´* &°* - µ b F(* ix ~7 b F&*H f~8b1 b : ¢g0 +b½(* v< h bE *K ÌjCH -b£ © £ m+ i¡´* ¡0 i4¡p vB fJ*HxD* ¡ - Dw+H b g:4H ¤gD* - fc£m< f 04 f£Ax ´*H f£ ~z D*H f£ JvD* f £ 0H i*wD* < kpcD* f 04 b£+bmJ(* ¢~z£ D* f £j+ b £A e*w/ ~{+H 2x~zD* fFx ~7 HxJ e¡ ~6&* Ä< i¡´* b +* iv A ¤gD* f~{)b< < ¥y@@Cx@@´*H H&°* i¡@@´* ¤ pJ EbjD* ¯" Ì~6 f.2b0 ¯ i*¡ ~6 z ³* d0b~8 yJy D*vc< v£0¡D* ¥vDH yJy D*vc< ¯¡- "2007 Jx+(* E ,x~{< ¡GH ,4b£~6 l2b0 + ~| D*H f~zEb³* yGb J x < < ,4bc D* wG vC'¡-H " c D b gD* HbpJH x<b~{D* ~6H J ¯ dc~zgJ ·H&°* i¡´* *wG &* E ÈC&°*H f´'¡´* ,x~7bc´b+ ¢ < rbg F°* k£0 f~{)b< ,b£0 v ~{g~6 ¥wD* b F°* *K Ì@@1&*H °K H&* ¡G yJy D* vc< i¡ A i¡@@´*H f+bg D*H ,b~6&b´* fJ*HxD* yCxE £~8b - + b 0x/ dg - &* f~{)b< 4x - i¡´* *wG $*x/ f /*¡E ¯ i¡@@´* *w@@G b ~}J k£0 b gDy< ¥ {£ - &* b -b£0 b~{gC* v£ -H b -*3 /*¡gD bGbJ*xE bE&* f£ £ 0 v D* dc~z+ rHxD* e4b~zE ¯ z -H f+%b D*H f~6b gD* £ < d J ¥wD* 2b~|D* i¡´* *wG dFbm+H

2zCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CG* 2 0 1 5 K&¸* £§CIfF |Cg CC M2

¤ D* $b cD* ibF¡ E E :b g- f£D°2 ib £/ ¥¡« f£ 1" ¡ ~}´*H *¡ D* Í+ e3bmgD*H eHbmgD* *wG « b CH ¤<*v+(°* D ¤ D* I¡g~z´* ¢ -4* bK AÉ= £<b ~6(* Í~z0 b D* f0¡D ¢~z£ D* f £j+ 4bgs-H Ä< É D* bJb 0 ¯ *¡ D* fD°2 eb~z - k£0 b gJ*HxD ¯ ¢jF&°* qEÉE ,4¡~8 E bK £D°2H bK £ A f~{)b< f C b=vF* ibCbcg~7°*H 9¡ D*H }£~}²* ,b£0 x;b - qEÉE f0¡ D* £ ~{gD* ,$*xB HbpF bEv < i¡´* *wG I¡ gJH e*ÆD* ¡DH f~{)b< bF&*" i¡´* 4¡~}p+ x F É D* ¢ < ym ´* ¯Hx²* "dgC&* &* i4xB Í²* D3 ¢g0 bJ&* f c~6 É1 i¡E&b~6 i¡´* fBÉ< b£~6 ¯H i¡@@´* ¡@@D É D* v~zmJ Dw+H fA¡~|g´* dgC ¯ ¡ ´* i¡´* fc~6b ´b+ x~}pg~zF ¡ Db+ ¡ £D b BHx< ¯ ¥x~zJH f@@J*Hx@@D* v~z/ ¶(* vgÂ ¥w@@D*H f£~z FH fJx A *K 2b +&* °ygs- b-%*xE ¢g0 *¡ D*H É D* fJ*HxD* f£ + b£~{ gD ¤ g´* b £ < J bgcg<H f£)*Hx D ·°vD* b )b~}AH bG4¡~}0 vC&bg£D fJ*HxD* ibcg< ¯ i¡´* ,4¡~8 ~{ g- *w G ,24b~zD* 4x - k£0 4¡ ~6 Í+ x D hAÉD* b <b J(* ¶b gJH f+bg D* Ä< ¤ ~zD* µb D* ¶(* Hy D* ¤ ²* qgg E ¯H x1%* 5*x + D

2zCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CG* 2 0 1 5 K&¸* £§CIfF |Cg CC M2

bg £;H fJ5*¡´* 8¡~| D* w DH f£DH*v- f £;H . ebg D* ÍJy-H £ - Hx- f£Db / f £;H fJ*HxD* µb< ¶(* ¡1v D g£ ~7 qgAH d-b D* 2b£ ~8* Hx *¡ D* Jx~| + f £p´* 8¡~| D b g~zEÉE ¯ ¤ g ~6H f£ £ ~{gD* f0¡ D*H ¯ ~zJ *K 4b£g1* + bK £/*yEH bK J¡ < ÉK < *¡ D* v J µ ¢ < x~{- ¤gD* bJÈD* f+bj§ ¡ A | D* f g< ,$b~9(*H ~{C bK 0bg E *¡ D* ¡ J ¢ ´* *w +H *vJ42 b/ d~z0 | D* v~|B | D* 4*¡@@=&* ¶(* ¡1v D p´* + q ~zgJ bK £~6b~6&* b JH&b-H b Bb g~6* ¤ ££sgD* D* *w@@G f£ ~z- ¢ < ¢~z£ D* f £j+ ix g~6* *¡ D* *w D bF4bcg1b+H "¤ ~zD* µb D* ¶(* y - f~{)b<"@+ ¢ < ¤ c - f£ ~6* f / ¢ < b £pJ f£Fb~zD fJ¡ D f£ cC i¡´* ¶(* y J {£ D* k£0 f£D°vD* ,xAb D vD¡´* x³* bK ´b< ¤ ~zD* µb D*H bK £0 bK )bCH bK < bK ~6* f~{)b< 4bcg<b+ *¡ D* hc~zC&* fB4b ´* wG ,b£²* v£B ¢ < $b cD* Ì= x1%* ¡ m§ b~zE(°* É1 E f£0¡E fJyEx+ =H gJx ~7 ,5y E i¡´* ,2x ´ h ´* 4¡~}²* k£0 ¤~| D* n£~z D* f£DbgD* ibBb g~7°b+ "¤ ~zD* µb D* ¶(* y - f~{)b<" fJ*HxD* *¡ < ¡ J Dw+H

z IK mf 6*42

jM*K4 · jªGK&* ,$*|E z»∏Ø°ùdG ⁄É©dG ¤EG ∫õæJ á°ûFÉY{

G Gó « É°ù dG HÉ μdG ô É ¢Sôμ °SG °ù«©dG « H ó É d ó° « jƒμdG ÉHO G HG ƒ° jG O d ª°ùj .. É G G ÉjG É dG É©°S «©« ° dG jƒμdG d O É É jG ô G ¢S ô jG É 2006 É©d É©dG G ° É jG É G Gó G GÒ G . °ù G G «°ù jG °ùdG ." « dG Gô " É jG

,$*x D ¡~} D* b A2 ,Ä³*H f+bg D* ¯ C*ÆD* *wG bE&* ibcg ´* ¡A4 ¯ v/&* A f£)*HxD* wG b <&* E } + hpgA ¤gD*H " ¤ ~zD* µb D* ¶(* y - f~{)b< " fJ*H4 I¡~6 ¥2b£ ~8* ® ¶H&°* fp ~|D* ,$*xB 2xm§ ¤g£ ~7 wG hFbC f£)*HxD* f+xmgD* w + 7bGvF°* *w@@G b@@E&*H i¡´* *¡@@D&* fJ*HxD* ibcg< b £A zEÉ ~6 ¤gD*H ,$*x D* fJ*HxD* fJ4*¡0 *K Ì1&*H jM*K|G* mfgk< f £p´* 8¡~| D* @@E f / ¶(* f@@J*Hx@@D* ibcg< £« É D* ,4¡~8H d-b D* ~6*H *¡ D* E ¡ g- fJ5*¡´*H

2zCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CG* 2 0 1 5 K&¸* £§CIfF |Cg CC M2

| 7 Éª« °S

G É .O

s ..¥ÉÉ°ùdG √ÉJ p ¿ƒHÉ n É£◊G n s øY ôª°

ô É ƒ° dG É O G É μ É« G ° « É É μd ƒμ É G d G © .. dG ƒ°S ƒ« ô Éd É GÉ © ° ô °T ô G É ôdG ..

2zCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CG* 2 0 1 5 K&¸* £§CIfF |Cg CC M2

Éª°ù

° G

°ùù É « G d jôHÉ©dG É ó ƒ dÉ °ùù jô ) G Gô É ° G Hô ƒμμ .. Gƒ°S G dG É dG ° dG H) ƒG ¢ G Ò° dG G ó ƒdG « Ò° °TÉ « Gô «HÉ «dG °TÉ .. Gƒ dG ƒ ƒ° dG μ G ª° dÉ ) « «° dG °ùH G ƒ É°ùdG ƒHÉÉ G É .. É Éªª H j ƒ É

..ôô G ° ° ÉÉ°° G G ƒ«« ô ° ÉH É© É°É° É OÉ ° É ó É°S É ÉG ƒ .. ƒ©© dG μH É G μd Hƒj H ƒ© É É dG Hƒ « ÉHÉH ô ƒ °T°T É ô G .. « G G ¢ OG É °T°T G Gô ..¢ G ójô dG Gô° ô° G G G « G É G j «dÉH É ô Gó ó©H G . °SG É dG

,∫É£HC’G äGƒ«M ™ÑàJCG ÉfCGh ,kGÒãc äôKCÉJ ácÎ°ûŸG íFGô°ûdG ™e ∞WÉ©àdÉH äô©°Th É¡©°Vh »àdG ÜGò©dGh AÉ≤°ûdGh ¢SDƒÑdG ‘ É¡«∏Y AGƒ°VC’G §∏°Sh ,ô¡éŸG â– ÜÉàμdG

v A v0&* E ¡m J b B d E ¯ 8b D* J ° ¤ DH x < g´* v+ d)b D* Ì ~}+ | D* 4bg1* xE&* ¯ 8b D* fcG¡E h © *K vJv« f~| D* wG ¯ &* b C h j ¤gD* - f~6É~6H x~z£+ b ;H ¤gD* f£ gD* ¡GH x1%* x~9b²* Í@@+ 1*vgD* k£0 @@Ey@@D* x~| + d<ÉgD* ¯ @@+4&* H*x@@ EH ¤@@C3 ~{+ @@ @²*H f £ ²*H c g~z´*H ibp ~|D* ¯ £ < J bE bC (* b £A *K x)b0 /H a4b D* °K b£1 &* bK B*H b < Ìc gD* ® 4b A&°* d =&bA 4*x g D q~9*¡D* £´* b G b ~z F i*2x ´b+ fFb g~6°b+ bFb£0&*H ,vJv< i*xEH i*xE f ~zC $b/ k£0 D3 ¢ < bK Jx~6 ~z + x g£~6 a4b D*H b £ / + |~| D* d =&° f£+3b±*H }c D* E f£Db1 f£ m E m´* ¯ i$b/ f D* fBHyE hFbC (*H ,b£²*H | s- ¡D 4Hv E ¯H bEyD* gÂ 8b D* &b+ BH&* ¤ D f + ¢ pJ &b+ f£Db ±* ¢ < yC4H b~6Æ~6°*H 4*x gD* E fJx<b~7H ,x.'¡EH ,Ä E 2b~74(°*H f£ <¡ D v g´*H q~9*¡D* Hy D*H £´* bK ~}J&* b G f J¡ D* f£<2&°*H kJ2b0&°*H f£F%*x D* ibJ%°b+ fFb g~6°b+ ib£ E&* ,b£²* f~|B ¯ ÉK EbC ~9 ¥wD* ,4bsg~6°* $b<vC i*3 fc<x´* f+xmgD* ¯ ¡1vDb+ 4*xB < q~| J &* cB xCwJ &* 9Æ ´* E bC ° H&* p´* i¡´*H ,b£²* Í ~{D* b~}J&* ~|0 b C bK £AbC D3 bC $b<vD* < ,v0*H ,4bc< ¯ ,xJy/ ¶H&°* f~| D* b ~9 ¤gD* f J¡ D* ,v£~| D* ¯ *v/¡D* kpcD*H fJxJx gD*H ,x~7bc´* < 8b D* 2b g+* Dw+ ¤ <&*H $bCwD*H ,b@@£@²*H }c D* ¯ Eb D* b ±* ibE¡ E < dmJ ° bEH dmJ b´ ÌsgD*H fJ4*x g~6°* D ¢ &*H EvB bE ¢ < 8b D* ` G&* Ì1&°* ¯ £sgD*H Jx g D ~zgEH b¸ d0xD* f+bg D* µb< &b+ v g<&*H Ä~|Db+ pgg~6 ¤gD* ib£ E&°* ib£ E&°* £ «H xJ¡~|gD*H ,2*4(°*H b§H B Ev J b§ °(* x@@1%*H b~zF(* Í+ y£Â D µb< ¯ f~|Db³* ,2b ~zD*H f£ £ ²* fD*v D* k£0 b G ~}£ J

H&* *K x<b~7 bC bK @J&* vc´* ¯ < ¢ = ° x~{C fAx ´* E ~z<" f~|B ¯ bK ~8bFH bK £ + D3 · *v+ bE ÈC&*H x.bF ~z D* ¤ / ¤GH fBb~7H f E f E hDHb - ¤gD* " c/ Ä1 F&bCH £~8b gD* 2x~zJ bC £ < ¡~|²* f£ £CH b £A xsF*H f ´* ~{+ ibE¡ ´* Ãv g+ 8b D* b gG* &* HvcJ bE ¢ <H D f ~{E ¯ J / B¡- H&* «H y££ b¿H2H x g~zE a4b D* d£~|J &* F&b~7 E ¥wD* Ìj D* b~6Æ~6°* ¤GH z J ¢g0 ÉK J¡: 4b gF°* £ < &° Ä~|D* *v AH ´b+ hFbC ¤gD* 2x~zD* x~8b < ¤Bb+H lv²* ¯ ·bgD* E b_£~7 É D*H ¤ ²* E D ¤<*2 ° bE ~}1 ¯ f )b~9H fgGb+ ,Ì~| D* f~| D* v £~6 Hx E ¡G b jEH D3 &* b C 5bmJ(°*H £j gD* ¡GH rbm D* Hx~7 G&* ¤@@+2&°* /bgF ¡G *wG &° d-b D 4w D* b ~z gD* b§xDH ¯ &* E =xDb+ $¤~7 C ¡B ¢ < 8x²* k£0 H&°* x g ´* 4Hv@@+ b£ D a4b D* ¢ < f~8x D* hJ¡ - D3 ,$*x D* 4H2 v J µ H&* v£0¡D* 4H2 z£D ¤.*v0 a4b C ,2b<(* 4vB ~7 bC bK J&*H ¡G b C e¡g ´* w1&*H ¤ gD*H b@@ @C(*H ib@@=*x@@ @D* $ @@§ b£ D* É@@1 @@E | D* ob@@g@ F(* *K v gE 8b D* b Cx- ¤gD* i*4b~7(°* Ì~z -H |B*¡ D* y£C4bE kJv²* e2&°* É < < ,4bc< Áx~}« b GH rbm D* J w²* ¯ &b+ x J ° b E Ìj D* &b+ bGb E ÉCH ibp ~8 E b JvJ&* h« C*x- bE ¢ < $b +(°* ¯ ° n£m~9H ~6xE AvgD* E Eb gD* ¯ fE*x~|D*H f £D* *K 3(* d-b D* ¢ < fE5ÉD* Ì= £~8b gD* ¯ *x g~6ÉD + AvJ ¥wD* ¥¡ D* E 4vB B&b+ £ < }c J &* £ < bK AvG EbE&* &b+ x J &* b D&°* f Cb~{D* wG ¢ < f<¡ m´* |~|B C iv/H ¤ F&* f £ ²*H v g<&*H rx D* E f£Db1 fEb~zg+b+ b F¡ < ,v@@0*H *v< bE vJ¡mgD*H ,2¡±*H 4¡ gD* k£0 8b D* cgC bE x1%* b F&b+ ,bFb ´*H bc0(°*H ¥x~6&°* gD* ¡0 4Hv- ¤gD* f~| D* b G b + &* f~8b1H x~6&°* wG $b +&* 4b gF* ¯ ¡ - ¤gD* ¡ - f Jx + x J bC f~zEb³* x < 5HbmgJ ° ÉK : bC

2zCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CG* 2 0 1 5 K&¸* £§CIfF |Cg CC M2

dJx D* v D* ¯ Ì~|- vB b D bp´* E ¡FH b£³* E Í JH f £ 0 f+xmgD* k£0 ib£ E&* ,b£²b+ fF¡ ´* f~| D* ¯ $b/ *wG C 2*¡´* } c+ pJ &* ¤GH v ´* eb~{D* b D ~}s£~6 ¤gD* D3 +b E ¯ DH fD¡ ~{´* )b~}<&° ,b£²* v£ g~6 ¤gD* vC'¡´* x ³b+ c J &* £ < cB ¤gD*H fJb D f~6b~z0H f E ,x D iv~|- ¤gD* f~| D* v0*H dc~zD *¡~}A4 JwD* Jv ´* E Ì= H2 cD* b + fCxpgE 6*xC ¢ < ¡DH $b£0& * *¡F¡ J &* ¡ ~} J F&* ¡GH M Ì= f£Db£³* e4bmg D f£Fb¸ Í+*xBH bJbp~9 *¡F¡ J &* ¢ < n)bg D* fF¡ ~}´* f£ £c D* ,b£²b+ ¢ p£~6 F&b+ ¡c D* £ < bC D3 d/¡§ f ~6 8b D* b / v0*H b< bGb~|B&* ,v´ Ñ* 2bc< x)b~zC b F&b+ ix ~7 ¤gD* É@@0&°*H ib0¡ D*H ib£ E&°b+ f E F*v/HH ~z F d-b D* x A b <&* E f +bF b F&b+H f£ £ 0 b -bBH&* ££~}- ¢ < F Db+ b F&b+ x ~7&* ¤ g / f ~6 £ - b@@E Í@@+ h@@F4b@@B bEv < ,v@@)b@@A b@@¿H2 Iv~6 bG2vcFH v < ,v@@0*H f ~6 £ - bEH $bp~8&°* v < *¡ D* i*¡ ~zD* ~| J ° `£mJH rHxJ b £A bK £ £c: ¡ J &* 0 k£0 v ´* xpgE ¤~6xC -b£ g~{E < µH <&* µ bE dc~zDH DH i¡ £~6 bGv + b@@C (*H x~{D* ¢ < cD* y £~6 ¥4¡~|D* Ñ*vc< + ¤ J b jE £~6xC ¢ < D3 bC (*H ,b£²* ¶(* 2¡ £~6H vC'¡´* ,$*x D* fJ*v+ ¯ £D(* ,4b~7(°* h bK £Db< .&* ¥wD* d-b D b JvG&* ¤gD* ib 0É´* G&* E f ~6H É@@:°* )°2 E 4¡ ~6 Í+H 4¡ ~6 ¯ g~z´ bE

2zCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CG* 2 0 1 5 K&¸* £§CIfF |Cg CC M2

,Ì1&°* ¶(* ¶H&°* B*¡D* Í+ © |~| D* &b@ + fEv ´* ¯ 8b D* 4b@@~@7&* iv ~6 vBH *ÌjC EÆ0&* ¥wD* 8b Db+ ¤gAx ´H b£³*H gAb~}g~6b+ fB4b~{Db+ $b+2&°*H ebg D* 2b«* ¯ ¤)ÉE5 ¤BbcC &b+ f c g~zE f<¡ m´* |~|B E ,v0*H b £ < &*xB k£0 v A b£³* bE&* 8¡~| D* wG ¢ < fcDb D* f ~zD* ¡G B*¡D* c g~z´b+ ²*H E&°* E f£BbcD* ,Ì ~|D* f0b~z´* ¯ IQvc Ì³* ib B¡- E bK ~} + pJ $b/ b§4 ¥wD* :b gDb+ ix ~7H b +&°* i*¡£0 cg-&* bF&*H *K ÌjC ix.&b ¤gD* e*w@@ @ D*H $b ~{D*H 6'¡cD* ¯ fCÆ~{´* q)*x~{D* @@E f~8b1 b £ < $*¡~9&°* ~6H x m´* h« ebg D* b ~9H `£~zD* ²* £ < 0 JwD* ebc~{D* E Jv O´* f_A ¡J v + bK E¡J µ&°* *¡ JH ,Ìc D* i*4*x@@´* *¡<xmgJ &b+ ° h~} /&* ¤gD* EÉ0&* *Hx~zsJ &*H f<b~6 v + f<b~6H |Bb D* ~{D* *wG ¢ < b£FvD* ¶(* *H'Hb/ F&° °(* ¡-&* dFwD f0b/4 E + ¡ J b» =xDb+ f£Fb ~z±* i*4v D* E d D* f JH z²* fEÉ~6H D* wG < f EH f £~7 ibE¡ E |~| D* É1 E hc~zgC*H -$b~9(* g- bE *K 42bF ¤gD* f_ D* ¤gD* f£/É D* nE*ÄD* < hAx< x~|²* ° bj´* £c~6 ¢ < v ´* <vD* < ÉK c g~zE D B¡g´*H ¡E&b´* < b F¡ gJ ¥wD*H D* ¡~6 ¯ *xsF°bC ib~z~6'¡´* cB E D £;¡- v ~7&* bF&*H ¥b £< /&* E h E2H ¥4v~8 n .&* ~|D* f D Í /Æ C |~| D* ¯ $b/ bE d~zp+ ¤gD* ,v@@<*¡@@D* ib/É D* pg- &* ¤c B E Ñ* i¡@@<2H ex~9 b F&bCH Hvc- $*xE ° ¡£D* ¤G ¤gD*H 8b D* b £D(* 4b~7&*

4 f 6*

I K m

ôª dG «

¬4§ G* z Á Ù*zg< «-*4fH(ÑG ¾K&¸* jª G* j<§ q¼* · ,$*|E

á≤◊G ádGó©dG å«M ∑Éæg ¤gD* e¡ D* ,¡~zBH Ì ~}D* i¡E < f©b D* fD*w D* iÉm< Ì³* qEÉE ~z+&* f£FbF&°* b < h~} FH ~{±* bGb <&* » G H&* dJx D*H dJx D* Í+ x - v - A f£Fb~zF(°*H *K vJv« o¡´*H xpcD* bm£GH f £c D* ,4¡. dc~z+ d O F 9Æ<* ¤gD* ~7b D* d@@²* |~|B *¡~9b1 » *Ì@@1&*H i*v~|E E Ñ* Ì= + J ° bE ,¡/x´* b -bJb F Jx: b CH D* *wG ¯ 4Hv- i$b/ |~| D* £ mA *K 3(* *w GH ,b£²* &b+ ¡ J &* ¤ cJ 8b Db+ Á&bCH f´'¡E ibJb F h gF* fgcF h ~}- É D* f0¡D &* E =xDb+ pg- D ib£ E&* f ~{gE ,ÌcC 94&* ¯ bK Fb E b ~z D ix g0* f~}= $*x~}1 fsc~6 94&* ¤G H&* { D* E l¡jc´*H 2b D* fAx ´ ¶H&* fcg C É D* f0¡D gDbB bE *wG 4¡ ~zD* ¯H ibp ~|D* ib£: ¯ ,2b ~zD* H&* rx D* < A ,v0*H f~|B b G &* ¡D h£ ¤gD* fEbg D* ,v0 E s- b < fJ2b D* ,b£²* ¢g0 H&* BH&* ¤ / b» b g1b+ f<¡ m´* wG ¯ b~zF(°* hB¡: vJ ¢F2&* D bC °H Gx)b~|E *H4bgsJ µ 8¡s~{D* &b+ ,v ´*H bK ~6 fE¡~6x´* -*¡£0 ¯ 4¡@@E&°* fA2 £/¡- ¯ fJb D* £D2 Ä@@C&*H 4¡ EH -b /¡-H d-b D* f@@J'H4 AH *¡~zc0 JwD* ,¡1&°* 4*v/ ¯ ,b£0 f~|B b +&* b £ D ¤gD* ~z+&* E fEHx¹ g E d@@:4 ¡cB ¯ $b~6x³* g1&* g c-H e&°* ,b£²* rx~zE 4b@@A &* v + ,b£²* ibE¡ E ¯ ÁbjD*H Jx0 ¯ ibE Gv0&* ·bgDbC hFbC fJb D* &°* ¡ ¸ kDbjD*H l2b0 5x+ vB Hx E ¤~z F ¡ C b ~6(°* &b+ ix ~7 b C fp ~|D* E ¤ ²* | D* i*4b~zE ¯ 4H2H x.&* bK £ /

$b gF* ¢ < ¤+4 *K xCb~7 xpg´* ¤£~6xC E ¥v + ¶(* Oh /4 ¤ gp E ¤gD* ,v£ ~zD* ib p D* ¢ <H É~z+ f+xmgD* bK +b~6 @@+ h 1 ¥w@@D* ¤ + ~zE&* *3 b@@F&* b@@GH b@@Gb@@J(* ¤ J ÁbÂ(* E i2*5 b DH ¡ J &* ¶(* ¤-b£ E&* ÆA2 H fÂy Db+ °(* pg- ° ÁbE&* ,b£²* &b+ ¤ £ JH f+xmgD* ,b£²* ebgC x ; ¢ < h@@FHO 2 ¤gD* ,x D* E &*yg¸ *wG eb~{D* ¤@@-*4b@@E(É@D ¶H&°* f£~|~| D* f<¡ m´* ib@@£@ @E&* fAb jD* ,4*5H i*4*v@@ ~@ @8(* @@E ¥4¡@@~@ |@ D* v ¹ Ñ*v@@c@ < b D f+b~7 ib<*v+(* f ~z ~6 ~9H gm´* f£ -H ebc~{D*H .2014 b D¡0 ,$*x D* ib£<*v-H I¡gp´*H JHb D* ¯ 9¡³* cB D3 &b+ d~z0&*H 8b D* < ,y/¡E ,x A ¤ F &* I4&* bK cDb: *y@@J ° 8b DbA 2b@@ @D* ²* ¢ < bK £ E ¡ £~6 fp ~8 ¯ i°b@@ @E dg JH b£ D* f£ gD* ib£ C ¯ @@64v@@J fJ'HxD* f £p~|D Ivg ´* h0H*x- f+4b gE bm0&b+ f~|B 12 ~}J £gA2 Í+ ebg D* Â f~|B C &b+ ¡ D* ¤ ÂH ibp ~8 h~6H z 1 Í+ ¤-&b ~6 bE *wGH ¢~|B&* vpC Íg .* H&* fp ~8 ¶(* x~|gs- &* ib;¡p ´b+ f~8b³* f0b~z´* ¯ bK 0° £D(* 'Hb gD*H E&°* ¶(* ,¡<2 b F&bCH Hvc- b -b £. |~| D* d =&* f gs´* ,b£²* iÉ ~{E f /*¡E ¯ 4*x@@~@ 8(°*H ¥vpgD*H b g B ¢ < h +x- ,vJv< b ~7&b+ h<5¡- ¤gD*H b -b £ EH *¡~9x - H&* Jv EO *Hv@@DH bE(* b +bp~8&bA f£FvcD* fBb<(°* ¢ < -b£0 ¡~} J *H4b~8 ÍgDb²* ¯H bK 0° fBb<(ÉD fCxpgE 6*xC M O *H cO D* E G H&* h« Í p~z ´* E bC E EH 6x³

2zCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CG* 2 0 1 5 K&¸* £§CIfF |Cg CC M2

| 7

iOÉfh Ö©°ûdG ∞àg

ó«

jÉ .O

GOÉ

G É « H ó OÉ ©° dG GOƒ ƒ ÉHƒ É Gô° ¢ùª° dG ƒ« É °ù ó Gô ƒ jódG ª É G ô ó ƒdG jG É © É«Hô©j Gó j É dG ° Éjó É« ÉH É« ódG É °T Gó°SG GódG G É «° É© É j j É « É G j É Gô G Gô G ¢ «©dG É É °S É ¢ G É É É°ù ÉHÉ É °ù É«Hô©j Gó j É dG ° Éjó É« ÉH É« ódG

Gô°

Gô ° dG ô ° É © É Gôμ É «H É ô É É « H Éª

ª É O H Éj Gô G °T ô° dG É j d Gó É ÉHô ¢ù G ¢ ô É«Hô©j Gó j É dG ° Éjó É« ÉH É« ódG

2zCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CG* 2 0 1 5 K&¸* £§CIfF |Cg CC M2

iÉ ~{E 0É- µ *3(* qm - D f~64v´* Q &* ¥&* b + £p´* gm´*H ,x~6&°*H f~64v´* Q bJb~}B E +b Q D* ¤~64v´* Q C¡ ~6H Q -b Q § f£Q c ~zD*H f Q £Q +bmJ(°* Q -bBÉ<H ibcDb D* Q K d~zpA £ Qg D bFb E h~z£D f~64v´* Q &* D3 f£Q ~64vE Ì= f£Q ~z FH f£Q :b<H f£Q <b g/* Q bK £Q ~z FH bK £Q <b g/*H bK £Db / ibcDb D* ib £Q ~|s~7 f£ gD b E EH D3 cB ¤G b¿(Q * Q H&* f~64v´*H ,x~6&°* Í+ £ ±* ¥¡+ bK £Q :HH Q ÆD* v D* *wG x F f /H E xA ° Q Q b F&* E ~| Q T gD* b £ g~z- ° ,xJv´*H f ´* Q &* b C b + £p´* gm´*H f~64v´* Í+ 8b³* ¢ ´b+ Íg U E bg~z£DH Q b D* ¢ ´b+ bg£+Q xE Q f£Q )bpJ(°* i°°QvD* E 4v +H f£Q )b ²* f g´* E Ìj + v£ ~6 v 0&* ÃxE hp~9 v D Q Q f D ¢ < x~7bc´* eb ³* fc = D3 n)bgF EH £D(* Oix~7&* ¥wD* ¥¡+ ÆD* v D* /& * E Q Q g 0ÉEH Q -b c+ ib E&°*H $b+%°* b gG* ,4Hx~9 ¡G eb ³* *wG ¡ ~}EH b -bJb 0 vBH fJQ 2Q b´* Q -b/b0 f£c g+ $b gC°* v<H f£Q :b D* Q -b/b0 bc~7(*H f G*x´* Q ~6 ¯ ¶(*H ib Q ´* E .b» b gG* ¶(* x~7bc´* eb ³* *wG ~9 v£ ~6 v 0&* ÃxE h<2 Q ibcDb D* f_~{ - /& * E b + £p´* gm´*H f~64v´* Í+H f~64v´*H ,x~6&°* Í+ Hb QgD* ,b£²* i*Ì gE E £T QgD* ¢ < ,42b D* Q -b£Q ~|s~7 $b + ¢ < ,42bB f²b~8 f_~{ U Q * ° ~z F 4v Db+ ~7 b¿(Q * ibJb ²* ÍEb~}E ¢ < x~|g J µ x~7bc´* eb ³* Q &* ¯ ~7& b £D(* Oix~7&* ¤gD* lÉjQ D* ibCx²* ibJb 0 b£:&* hpc~8&bA f£Q Q D* b Db ~7&* &* H2 fJQ 5bm´* fJQ ¡ Q D* b -b£Q Db m+ £A Ì.&bgQ D* £ g~zgDH b £D(* a4b D* ew/ E S ggD f ´* ¯ h£ cA f£Q Q D* |~| D* I¡g~zE ¶(* $b -4°* E ~z F hB¡D* ¯ Q gQ E ÌjC ¶(* f/b0 ¯ ¤+x D* gm´* °* b Og£R Q ~6 ¤gD* ¢ ~6¡D* Q &* ¤ Q ;H ¥¡+ Q ÆD* e2& Q O f£Q ~64v´* ,b£²* Hv g J © ¤gD* ,&*x±b+ ebSg D* Qg gJ &* ¢ < e2&°* *wG 8¡~|F Q Q £ B 4vB xA*¡- vBH rÉ~8(ÉD fJQ 4Hx~9 ,&*x±* Q &* D3 ibcDb D*H eÉ D* 64*vE ¯ Q ¯ ibcDb D* ,b£0 ¯ 4¡g~z´* < ~{ D ¤c Q °* b gAx ´ v£ ~6 v 0&* ÃxE v < b E Q ~zD* x.& ,&*x±* wG E xA*H 4vB ¶(* obgpF b FQ (* ¡ D* E b Â ° D3 Q D Abp´* gm´* *K 4¡g~zE 4¡g~z´* ¢ c£~zA °(*H ÃxE £D(* h<2 ¥wD* d²* Á*vJ H& * ¥5*¡J Q

Ëôe âë°V ó≤d q ó«©°S óªMCG á©àŸG øe ÒãμH øe Qó≤Hh ,á«FÉμ◊G q ,á«FÉëjE ’ G ä’’ ódG q q ±ó¡dG πLCG øe .…ƒH q q ÎdG áÑ∏Z ∂dP èFÉàf øeh ô°TÉÑŸG ÜÉ£ÿG ,É¡JÉjÉμM á¨d ≈∏Y Gòg ¿ƒª°†eh IQhô°V ƒg ÜÉ£ÿG AÉHB’G ΩÉªàgG ø¡JÉæÑH äÉ¡eC’Gh q »Hô©dG ™ªàéŸG q Òãc ¤EG áLÉM ‘ Gòg ¢Uƒ°üf øe ™àq ªàj ¿CG ≈∏Y ,ÜOC’G o »àdG ICGô÷ÉH ÜÉàs μdG ¿hó≤àæj º¡∏©Œ á«°SQóŸG IÉ«◊G q q ¢SQGóe ‘ ÜÓ£dG q ∂dP .äÉÑdÉ£dGh ájQhô°V ICGô÷G ¿Cq G q ìÓ°UEÓd

2zCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CG* 2 0 1 5 K&¸* £§CIfF |Cg CC M2

¯ bg:xsF* b FQ &° Ix@@1&°* b G*v0(* ex~}-H *x/b~{g Hb@@« x B ib@@J¡@@c@D* f ~{§ fAHx E fAxp E fBÉ< ixmG fJ4v+ ,v@@D*HH É~| J vB @@E&* *v@@D*HH 4bpgF°* f£Q B4H f<vcE fFb Q A b 0H rbm Q Db+ « f £ / b /H5 E b ~} + gF* ,ÌjC bJb~}B fDy E f£ ~8H fc=b~{E f~64v´* *4v/ 1*2 x1%°* b ~} + &b~{FH f~64v´* ¶(* h£cD* Q Q H U ´* Í+ hc=4 vBH Q ~z F&* ibcDb D* Í+ H& * ibcDb c D*H ib Í+ b FQ °& a4b D ibcDb D* ibJb 0 Ãv - ¯ v£ ~6 v 0& ¯ v£ ~6 v 0&* ÃxE ~z F hB¡D* ¯ f )b~7 f )b~7 f< )b~b~7 f<<¡Q gE ibJb 0 fJH*4 xA*¡g+ ~|£s - £A bJb~} D* wG Ãv - ~7 b wG Ã Ãv - ~ ~7 bbEE&Q &* f£Q ~8b~|g1°* H&* b g £CH H&* f~64v´* ,xJvE ¡ - vB ,v0*H JvE ¡¡ - vB ,v0*H Q D f~64v´* 1*2 i°H'¡~z´* E Q GÌ= Ì= H& H*& ff£Q <b g/°* <b g/°* f~64v´* ,xJvE ¤G f@@JH*xQ @D* Q &* ¶(* mQ mQmgJ b D* Q b D* $b@@p@J(°* Q fJH*xQ D* ~z- H&* ib£Cb~7 fJH*xQ D* wG ¶( ibcDb ¶(* i ibcDbb D* ¤-& &bK $*2&* ¯ *Ì~| - 0É- H&* b g±b E ¶( 42bcgA f ¶(* 42bc cgA ff£Q ~~} Db+ } Db+ Q fAx E ¶(* ¢ ~zgA bG*¡g~zE ¯ bK £FQ v- H&* ibcDb * ibcDDbb D* Iv0( Q H&* fcDb D* $b<vg~6b+ b /4b1 H& * f~64v´* 1*2 ebc~6& * 1*22 ebc~6&°* Q f:x~{D* ¶(* f±b ´* v + xE&°* hDb0&&* bb§ §4H b -vD*H Q 4HH b -vD*H ebp~8&* ¯ f 0ÉD* i*Ì@@.&b@gQ @D* ¢AÉggD ÍDH' ÉggD Í É ÍDH'H¡~z´*H ff£Q ~~} D* } D* fcDb D* Hv@@B E fJb ²* ¯ ¶H&°* fCx²* fCx²** f 0ÉE E fJb ²* - H&* f£Cb~77 fJH*xQ D* ¶(* Q fJH*xQ D* Ix1&* 4¡E&* E - H&* bE fcDb: $*2&* Áv- f Áv- fJH* ,K 2b< fJb ²* ¯ lv@@²* H&* D* yA*¡0 yA*¡0 U ~~{O{-O Q f±b E ¶(* fJH*xQ D* ,42bcE ¤ A f£FbjD* fCx²* b fCx²* bE& bEQ &* Q H&* b Dy E ¯ b -4bJ5 H&* fcDb D* $b<vg~6b+ f 6b+ ff£Q ~~} D* } } D* ib±b ´* E D3 Ì= H&* bGxE&* ·H&H&* f.2b f.2b¹ b¹ f£Q ~} D* fb1 ¤G fjDb. fCxp+ fJb ²* ¤ g -H ²* ¤ g -H Q ²* ¢ < f£Q ~|<H bK cDb= ,v£ ~6 fb1 b1 ¤@@GH GH h Q ~7 lÉjQ D* f£Q )b ²* ibCx²* - *K 42b@@ F wQ ~{- µ b Q C ebg D* ibJb ² Q b D* 4b@ 4b@@:(°* ¡Q ~zEH Ix1&* b c£-x- Dbs- µH fJb 0 b < 0 b < EbC lÉjQ D* fJb ²* ibCx0 ¢ < f Abp´* Abp´* &*vcE t£~6x- ¡G ebg D Q b D* v D* Q &Q* ¯ Í+ Hb QgD* xA*¡- ,4Hx~9 ¡G E Q ¡+xQ ¥¡+x-

2zCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CG* 2 0 1 5 K&¸* £§CIfF |Cg CC M2

Q ~| D* *¡ < 0 ibcDb D* E fcDb: f £Q ~}B ~|A Q C ¯ IvGH ¢ FH fc£:H f £ / ¶(* fF*2H fs£~7H 2b ~6 E b ~6* i°¡C&b´* ¯ b EQ &* E - ¢ £ A f ~{E H&* &b~7 fcDb: Q D Q *x/b~{ggA Dw+ bGÌ O Q - $b ~6&* b g £E5 D f£Q c ~{D* b g Q EH b EQ &* ¢ < 2xQ g-H bK £Q ~6*42 x1&Q bg-H oÄ Q g- v<H H K b A*x:&* ~{+ f+b~|E j CH xp - 2b -H b+b~7 Q g- .Q Jx1% Jx °* d@ dQ @« ,bAb E b Q D ,4b4 £Q ~6 l2b@@0 x@x @.(* f£Q ~zD* Q $*v@@£@@=H É@ É@ @ < H @@ @ @ E @@ @ @ -H

m*4fH(¸* · m*zMz¹* mfgM2&¸* j/§H ¢ 9

° « dG

ôª°S .O

É jOÉH ¢ ƒ° G É G Gójó G É jO G ƒ ª° dG ƒ° ƒ G μj G É H ô° dG © °ùj Ò © dG d dÉHG °ùd .É«HOG É HÉ ó«©°S óª G ô G ƒ G «° ƒ d ƒ «H dG) ó É dÉ ÉjÉμ . ƒH dG O G) «ª°ù μ

f c~zD* i*3 x~{< f£FbjQ D* f<b~zD* Q bK Fb£0&* 2Hv ´* b Db G(*H fJv - ¯ $b@@ @1&°* } + < ÉK ~}A ÉK @j@E bK £+4 ,x~{< ¯ b £Bv- v< ¯H ÉK jE ¢ < 2bg<* Hx²b+ b A&°* b -b gD* v< ¯H ÉK jE f£Q ~8b~|g1°* ~8¡D* ,y G f+bgC bGv£T - v< ¯H ÉK jE *K ÌG*5&* x~|D* E ¡ ´* ¶( * S Q &* v£+ FQ &* bB b E ¯ bEH ¡ D* v + Q (* ,y G x~z + i*vJv±* ibcJ2&°* ¶(* 6b£ Db+ *K vQ / f £ B ¢ c- bG$b 1&* Q f )b~{D* $b 1& °b+ Hx ´* ¡ Q D* E b )b 1&* f£Q cDb= (* + Q $b 1&* E ~} + Q DH b g D fEQ b D* f ~zD* Q b@@EQ &* f<bc D* ¥5bm´* Ìc Q gD* ¢ < ,4v D*H r¡~9¡D*H fBQ vQ D*H ,2¡±* ¤ A Q *K xsA D3 b £ JH Q &* v g<&* "v£ ~6 v 0&* ÃxE ebgC ¯ ¥¡@ Q @+Æ@Q @D* e2&°* bE b +bgC ¯ v£ ~6 v 0&* Ãx@@E g0x: ¥w@@D* ¥¡@ Q @+Æ@Q @D* e2&°* Q 6¡c + fJQ ¡+ÆD* £ D* Ãv - ¡G ibcDb: ibJb 0 ¡~|A

f£Q +2&°* Ìc QgD* f D Í+ v0*¡D* | Q Q D* ¯ h / k£p+ ¤+2&* f£ + £~z+ ¤)b 0 ~7 ¯ b gEvS BH f@@JQ ¡@@+Æ@Q @D* £ D*H Q b ~8¡~| D f£Q +3b±* H&* b@@g@E(°* E 4v@R @BN ¢ < f Abp´* Q ¯ f )b~{D* bJb~} D* E h F* fc-b D* Q (* ¡ D* ¤ ÂH Q Q b ~} + gJ fc U ~{gE ,ÌjC bJb~}B ¤GH ibcDb D* 64*vE Q ibBÉ Db+ x1%°* b ~} +H ib Q ´*H ibcDb D* Í+ ibBÉ Db+ K Q bE fBÉ< ¢ < *y£Cx- b G Q &* b C ibcDb D* g¸ ~9 Q Q vBH f~64v´* ¯ ibcDb D* I¡g~z§ ibcDb D* 5b E ¯ ¥xmJ ÉK ~|A Jx~{<H f c~6 b +bgC ¯ v£ ~6 v 0&* ÃxE ix@ R @C3

dÉ μ ó j ƒ° )

z IK mf 6*42

…ƒH q ÜOC’G q ÎdG

¡G ¡~|A b +bg A v£ ~6 v 0&* ÃxE < bK _£~7 x<&* ° 4v~8 ¥wD* b +bgC E Ì1&°* É D* |F b C b -b<*v+( * HQ &* Q obg0&* ° ¤ FQ &* v£+ 2014 b< J5¡gD*H x~{ D ebQgCO 4*2 < b FQ &* ¢ < fD°Qv D bC b +bgC Q &° b + f£Q ~|s~7 fAx E fJQ &* ¶(* f Q jEH f@@ JQ 4*2(°*H f£Q £ QgD* ,b£²* e4b@@© b g Q 0 f£+Q xE f£Q +x D* f Q D* h EH *K v£Q / -&*xB bE h@@<HH *K ÌjC i&*x@@B + a4b D* x D bK gA° bK JQ 5b¸ °K b g~6* b Db g~6* h ~z0&*H f -b´* fJQ ¡ Q D* i°b g~6ÉD £ / 9x E ¡~|A b +bgC Q (* f£Q +x D* f Q D* E T QgD* xE&* x@@E&°* *wGH f ´* ,x.U '¡´* d~} F b FQ (* 3(* i*4b@@E(°* ¯ i*vJv±* ibcJ2&°* Í+ 42b@@F ¯ x Q D* b F(* ¶(* obg« ,vJv/ bK ~8¡~|F &*x F Í0 bK Fb£0&* ÃxE jE fc-bC Q D ¤@Q @+2&°* Ìc QgD* ¢ < *v@@B(°* cB f Q D* £ QgD* v< &*vc§ ~z S T gD* ¶(* /xF b © v£ ~6 v 0&* Q (* ¡ D* ¢ < b £ O-H 'Hb~{QgD* E °K v+ 'Hb QgD* ¶(* bFy «H f£Q +2&°* ib/¡´* c~{- i*4bE(°* ¯ i*vJv±* ibcJ2&°* f/¡E Ix1&*H b G x~{R S D* h m - fcJ2& * ~}- ¤ A f G* xQ D* f£Q +x D* Q Q K *ÌjC i&*x A ,b@@F&°*H kJxS Db+ h Q « b Q D fcG¡´* h E b ~z F Qv O- ¤C f=É+H *K ¡pFH bK Ax~8 f Q D* ¯ x Q D* h F&*H v 0&* ÃxE f D Q &* ¤ J ° *wG f+bg D* µb< b D¡12 cB *K v£Q / Q &* Q (* ~6* d~|F b Db =(bC $b 1&°* E f£Db1 v£ ~6 $b .&* b Db g~6*H ÉK jE r*H4&* ,v0¡D* ¯ Q &* x1&Q b- *3(* z P gS D* H&* z<bQgD* H $b .&* ¯ E °K v@@+ z£ QgD* H Q b +¡ ~6&* x@@.T &b@ -H ÉK jE bGx < ¡@@G @@C bK £0 f /ÆDb+

2zCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CG* 2 0 1 5 K&¸* £§CIfF |Cg CC M2

Ôn + jI*2(¸* z + @/HH $b~{gF* c@~z+ fL @J*¡@@= f+bg@C T @ C d@g @- H&* Ì@ @~}D* 4bg@s- ° 2É£@EH b F(* d~zpA a4b D* v~8ÆS H&* i*w@D* K f£)bJy£ D* 2¡£B < *v£@ + @DN b D* v£U ~{ s- b@@ @F(* f£ J¡ gD* H&* f£ /x´* H&* "x1%°*" < P jP p+ fP = ¯ ¥wD* b~zF(°* O ¥2x~zD* | D* bJb @. Í+ M U gE fP c~{D f£<b / i*3 ¶(* $b gF* ¥&* E y@@<&* U f£A*x ±* ¯ H&* tJ4bgD* ¯ "f @s~}gE" ¤~{g JH DwC f£ 1*vD* bJ*xE 2 UvmJ fJ2x~zD* "b@F&°*" - ¢ < }c D* G¡+ ~|JH "f @.%*" ,$*x@@B + f~|+U Æ´* b@@p@g@@@D°* ¢@@ @g@ @E ¯ b@@~@ z@ @ @F(°* @@ D3 "b@F&°*" &* *42(* ¶(* |@ D* bJb@m~z+ ¯ f@.¡@j@c´* - @ fJ2x@~z@D* H&*H ,24b@~zD* Q bC ¥w@@D* "x@1%°*" @@D3 H&* |@@ D* ¯ Eb D* <¡ ~9 ¯ cP g~{R JN H v~8x@ S gJ @ $b @gF*H fJ¡@GH i*3 c~z+ f+b@g@ D* A N &* *42(* ¶(* ~|JH | D* µb< ¯ Áb~zF( °* @+b E ¤G ¥wD* ,$*x D* E5 ¯ g ¤gD*H f N @£S ´* fJ2x D* "b@F&°*" f:b~zc+ b F&° ,4Hx~}Db+ f£/4b1 fK £S Eb E fK £-*3 fK Db0(* mgP JO &* 2*4&* "x@1%*" 2xS ¸ ¤G a4b D* f)4b D* i*wD* ¥&* ¡G O-*3 4*5H&* < ¯ ¤G H&* f~8b³* " b@F&*" Ì= "b@F&*" + g~zJ P K *v£ + y<&* x1%* U gE Ì ~9 i*3 O2xS ¸ 2xN O´* U g´* Ì ~9 U < kpcJ "f s~}gE" f£<b / i*3 ¶(* $b gF* C < O ¯ ,$*x D* P &* v + 2P x@R EO ¶(* v£ JO 4xT « " P bj£E" O H&* "¯*x /" H&* "¤sJ4b-" $b gF* "f c~7" C E xJx« "¤ /xE"

2zCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CG* 2 0 1 5 K&¸* £§CIfF |Cg CC M2

v~8b E H2 c g~z´*H x~9b²*H ¤~9b´* b@ @.&* C fJyE4 H&* f£~| D* f£)b£ £~zD* ibEÉ D* fp~9*H fJv F Í+ xO @p~6P d~|g J ° xL @@@~@6%* 2x@ M @ @ EO M U @ gE ÌP ~9 T @ C ,v0*¡D* ,4¡~| D qg - + x@@0&°*H ib D*H x ~6&°* ~8&°* ,4Hx~}Db+ Ix- ° f +b g´* bJ*x´* ib_E b Ogp J ¤gD* Æ- + fD°vD*H f c²*H d£CÆD*H f£@ cD* fJb + ¡~6x´* &* b E(* f 1*vg´* )b~6¡D*H fJ5*¡g´* 2b +&°* i°b g0° ¯ hFbC ¤gD* - Ì= Ix1&* f+bgC i¡~8 ,$*xB C E s ib£ < qNg@Ng @EO H&* 4¡ J4 f£ JH&bgD* ,x)*vD* &b~{ E ~8&°* 6HbJ ¤ D*H B¡gD*H <b gD*

z IK mf 6*42 É ó«©°S

º`∏u `μ`àŸG Ò`ª°V QGRhCG ,¡ ~z+ ,v< HxB w E N ~{F* ,v)b~zD* fAb jD* E &°H d)b D* 6b£BH f<b ±b+ 2x@ D* $*¡ @g~6*H wAb D* b /(°* S ¢g0 vGb~{D* ¢ < iv=H 2xN O´b+ f g´* i*w@@D* h s~} fDb0(* H2 fJyEx@D* ,¡@ D* }@)bA E v£ g~zJ bK @/ b U @ @gE 4xU JH IHbg D*H b@@ @0&°* 4v~| P JO ¡ A ,4Hx~}Db+ f@ @£@ @0 (bA ~6*¡´*H l*v@@0&°*H 2*x@@A&°* 4bcJH ¡~6O xT D*H *¡@@0&°* C N EP "$¥ÄD*" y@<&°* 2x@ D* "¥2x~zD*" U @ g´* x@£@ ~9 S ° fJyE4 H&* f£@Eb @ P E H& N * f£/4b1 H&* f£@ @£@< H&* f£@)b@Jy£@A f@Db@0(* 2x~zD* f D 1*2 fJ¡p D* Db A&* O xU ~|J ¡GH O-xJx~6 ~zNR ¡ J &* $b g~7* @@.%°* ,$*x D* $b g@~7* E 4¡@@D* ¢ < ¯ f@ c@²*H lv²*H @@ Db+ bK :4U ¡g@E 2xN @ O´* Ì@ ~}D* D3 f@c@-b@ D* b £A c-x- fJx~6H f£ 1*2H f£~|@ U F "f£@-*3" fDb0(* ±*H ,x-*¡g´* 4O b A&°* q@ N @ @- ° ¥2¡@/H *x@g@Bb+ d@-b@ D* H&* S ¯ v~|@ ~8*Æ´* S R D*H f£@ D* f - A2 ¯ ,v~} ´* i°°vD*H f ¤)*HxD* H&* ¥2x~zD* H&* ¤~|~| D* ££sgD* f B&* 1 x T gD* U xN @~6R N&* ,O $*x D* @T O - ° *3b´ fF*2(°* ibJ*¡= E x)b ~}D* C ¡ J &* | D H&* 2x~z D H&* ¡~9¡ D qT ~|J ° *3b´ "f£ cR @ N D* P H&* rx D* ¢ < f +b~6 ,bFb ´ "f£-*3" ,xJx~6 C E ÉK =O " | D* H&* vJx~zgD* H&* £ pgD* j D*|R¼* zªU EQ x~}pg~z- &* b £ J ° x1%b+ H&* 4v@ +P f .%* ,$*xB T C D* ¯ Æ@ J DP b@sJ H&* |@ D* cP ~{J @Db~6 $Hx E C wJwD xM R §N b £ J °H ¥&*xD* H&* *v+(°* H&* z ±* C4b~{J H&* f+bg D* + D* D3 < f +b~zD* b -bC4vEO ,vJy@Ng~zEO f g§ ¤<vg~z- &* i*wD* 6bcgD* ¯ b £ < 9¡s- b F(* + gJ¡G H&* g£GbEH Ix1&* i*H3 ,v0*¡D* 2x~zD* i*3 rH4 E t~z g~z-H ¡~9¡´*H M S pgJ v0*H Ì ~9 ~6b+ 2 Uv@ g´* |@ @D* $b~}@A ¡@A q£@~zN * *K 2x@ E v0H f£@Eb@ P @E H& N * f£@/4b1 H&* f£@ £@< fM Db0(* H2 y<&

R ¾K&¸* j¤g G* UGÆ´* B*¡D* 6bcPgD* E 2xN ´* U g´* Ì ~9 £ g~zJ Í0 Ì ~}D* D3 4bgsJ Í0 ¥2x~zD* | D* v~z/ ¶(* O ~zJH R G¡J P f£0bggA°* | D* f / w E ,2x ´* @@-N *3 J &* N "f£-*wD*" ,Ì~z D &b+ ¶H&°* 6b @SgD* f ² E ,$*x D* } + ib c~{D* D3 ¡0 d~z0H f~8b³* -b~9*ÆA* v£U ~{J ° b £0 a4b D* < kpcD* 5HbmgJ + ¥2x~zD* )b + ¯ U g´* Ì ~}D* e¡g ´* | D* E x~7bc´* <b - ¯ b =¡~|J ¤gD* fD°vD* ¡-ÄE&* | D* ibJv~| E 5HbmgJH 6HbJ ix+H4 yFbG

f£)b£ £~zD* ibEÉ D* C b £ c- ¤gD* ibJv~| ´* - ¡ J(* ¯ b £ < x ²* ¶(* | D* v~z/ Ä< f+bg D* fJb + f.¡jc´* ,2¡/¡´* i*wD* - fc-b D* i*wD* ibJv~| EH f+bg D* bJ*¡F ¤gD* i*wD* 2H ² E | D* o4b@1 ¤ £ 0 ~{+ b£)bJy£A fDb0(°* ~9 < A*vJ ,$*x D* ¥vJ Í+ *v£0H | D* hCx ibEÉ D* Hv ~8H fD°vD* ,¡ + 4¡ J4 ¡+

ª + jI*2(¸* gE fJ*¡ + ,K x0b~6 2xN O´* Ì ~}+ f U @ g´* i*wD* Hv - £C dJx= ¶(* N xR @ @S @D* Tv~{- v£Db ´* S C ,$*x D O P ~zO- Í0 x@@²* i°b g0* C 6b£B ¶(* E&bgD* ¡<v-H °K ¡:H bK ~9x< f +bg´* ¤Gb SgD* ib~9*ÆA*H 2¡/¡D* ibFb E(*H 1*vgD* N U + bcD* ¯ ib 0H l4(°*H c Db+ O R @J *5 bE ,$*xB C b@ ib£A*x /H e¡ E tJ4b- w E @ ¡J4¡+ Ì£+ obgF(°* ,2b<(* ¡ E E ¥2¡/¡D* qDb~|gD* ¶(* Cx- ° f ~z AH f C%bgE ¡~9¡E C ¯ i*wD* < kpcDb+ @JvB 6¡@ L G @ Ég1°* C ¯ ¥x O D* ~{ +H f£~}B H&* 2xS @ ¸ C "f ~|s~7"@+H T f<b / C fEv EO ¯ " £<SyD*" Í:¡g+H Æ~z-

2zCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CG* 2 0 1 5 K&¸* £§CIfF |Cg CC M2

bE dFbm+H %°* ¢g0 b D h c- ¤gD* ib0¡ D* x ~7&*H ~}A&* z F b F(bA ,4b.(°*H fm cD*H f g´* E ib0¡ D* wG b D Ev b -*w+ f£sJ4b- f 0xE qEÉEH x~| D* f £c: r¡~9¡+ b £A ¢ < vGb~7 ,b£²b+ }c J ¤²* f Jv´* tJ4bg+ E ebg D* f E5&°* Ìc< È - b / f~z´H fcBb g´* 4¡~| D* l*v@@0&* =b gJ ¥wD* ¤~9b´* $ vD b £ 0 z D* ¯ x«H f£D¡´* ,xGb D* 4b@@.%* ¢ < ¡m~{D* ÌjJH x@@~@9b@@²* @@E @@<*v@@+(b@+ hEHbB b D* b £)b + E °K b0 v ~6&* - µ ¤gD* f £ D* $b D* E*¡< C *y- bEH

$b@@E(°*H ¥4*¡@@±* f~8bs+H ibCx²*H ib£ ~9¡D*H b ~7&°* ¢ < x~zJ&* bCH Dw+H ~z F&* 9x + ¢s~6&* C ¤-*¡ D* ~64 ÍBx~{g~z´* ,xGb D* f Jv D f£sJ4b- f£ £.¡- ib0¡D E + bEH ebg D* x ~| -H @@B*¡@@D*H b£³* Í+ ~8*¡ D* b £A ¢~7Ég- ¤gD* b -4b0H b -¡£+H bG4¡~|B 4b15H 4b.%* ¡+4 Í+ bE Hx D* fJx c< b .b.&*H b A4b15H bG4b.%* z - ¤gD* fÂv D* b gB5&*H f<¡ ¸ ¯ - ebg D* f£ G&* fJx~|´* ,4b D* f@@<H4H E v - ¤gD*H -bp ~8 Í+ ,24*¡@@D* ,42b D* f£ D* ib0¡ D*

123 40

2zCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CG* 2 02 01 1 5 K&¸* £§CIfF |Cg CC M2

¡ ~zD* ~{£A f D* h« f £ExD* *v£E ¶(* ~|F ¢g0 ~8¡+H f~8b³* g£+3bm+ " Ex²*" ¯ $b~z D* u*x~8 6v ´* $y±*H 2*5x ~7 ibJb 0H 4*x~6&°*H xp~zD* µb< fBÉ D JH&b- -*3 ¯ ¡GH ,xGb D* ,b£0 E ¥x~zD*H xp´*H f~}Bb g´*H f+x ~}´* fBÉ D* - ,&*x@@´b@@+ f£~zFbEHxD* v~z±*H rHxD* f » 6vB ¤G ¤~zFbEHx D fc~z Db+ ,&*x´bA f g´* b ±* f£~zFbEHxD* i°¡ ´* ¢g~7 b £A 1*vg- b E ,x A &* £A ~7 ° b»H ~}D* ~{D* ²* ,4b.(°* xCw- b C ¤@@ +H4H&°* b£1 d<*v- hFbC ¤Bx~{D* Ãx@@²* 2v + bK :b¹ bK Fb ~6 £A ~z F IxJ 0 Ì~6&* ©H x~{D* ¤ ~zD* 4vB $¤~7 D ¡ pJ ° ¤-ÉD* iÉ£ ±* bJbc~|D* E i&ÉgE* DwD ¡~}1H f<b: ¯ JvJ Í+ ¡j´*H )b~94(* ¶(* ¢g~{+ ,xGb D* ¯ f£Bx~{D* ,&*x´* ,4¡~|+ ÍBx~{g~z´* ib0¡D

2zCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CG* 2 0 1 5 K&¸* £§CIfF |Cg CC M2

¯ ·v< b~74 qm gD f£c ~{D* ib<b ±*H q)*x~{D* } cD Í)b ~zD*H ,*¡²*H J3¡ ~{´* jE ,x.v E ´ ,4¡~8 Ãv H2bB¡D*H J2b D* ¤ ~{EH Ì ²* ¤ )b~6 ÍJ4b ´*H 3*4&°*H Ab~6&°*H ¡c D* ¤<4bBH Í/ÉjD*H ÍEbp D*H E &*ymgJ ° bK sJ4b- $°'¡G qc~8&* k£p+ J3bp~{D*H 7b+H&°* b B¡~z- . ,b£²* ¶(* bK 0 ¡~{D* ¡G ¥wD*H :¡D* tJ4b ,xGb D* J2b£EH 4*¡~7 ¶(* b +bgC ¤g ~9 Í+ ·v< b~74

ib0¡ D* w@@G É@@1 E ¡@@±* ¯ fm cD* 2¡~zgA ¡c D* E ib£~|s~7H l*v0&* ,2b g~6* E u4'¡´* ¤gD* f£ D* 5*x+(* ¯ f+¡g ´* f D* qm - ° ~{+ v£ cD* EyD* D3 ib+bg D* -¡0 b < f£B*v~|E È@@C&* *K 4¡@@~@8 u4'¡@@´* ¤ -H ,xGb D* ¯ f£c ~{D* ib c D* < f£ ~6xD* f c~|D* i*3 )b ~|D*H x²* eb+4&* Í+ fB5&°*H i*4b²* ¯ b + ¡mg-H ~{£ -H Gb©H ¤sJ4bgD* D* e*Æ=* ; ¯ {£A*x²*H

2zCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CG* 2 0 1 5 K&¸* £§CIfF |Cg CC M2

QOÉ°üdG "äÉjôcòdG ..áæjóŸG IôgÉ≤dG" ÜÉàc ‹óY É°TQ áÑjOC’Gh áfÉæØ∏d"ô°üe á°†¡f" øY Ék ãjóM ¿CGh óH’ »àdG á°ûgódG ¢SÉ°ùMEG ìƒ°VƒH ¢ùμ©J √ƒ°ûjÉY ób πFGhC’G ÚeÉ°SôdGh ÚfÉæØdG

,xGb D* 4*¡~7 ¯ -°b g+*H G4bC3&* Iv~8 22x-H f ~{³* ¡ -H Jx D* ,4b´* q~z £A f ²b+ - ib + r¡c- ¢GH ¡ ±b+ ,xGb D* ` gH q ~6&°* ¡A E $b~z D* vJ4b=5 e¡mJ ¥w@@D* Jx~{D* p´* d@@C¡@@E ,vGb~{´ ,v~{gp´* *¡<4bBH $*xE&°* cgJ 5bm²* ¶(* Jx: ¯ ,xGb D* 4*¡~7

2zCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CG* 2 0 1 5 K&¸* £§CIfF |Cg CC M2

bg~6¡/ ¤~zFx D* d@@ J2&°* fD¡ E gD f@@J2b@@£@0H ,x ~7 < ,Ä ´* ¤G ",xGb D* E &*vcJ x~{D* (* bK 0" Ì+¡ A ib~z G f~{JxD*H f Db+ 9x J ¥w@@D* ebg D* *wG 4b A&* b+H4H&* ÍEb~64 E g~z- mJH f Jv D f_A*vD* ¤~9b´* f£A¡~|D* ~z+É§ bJb g D Jx: ¯ {JH*4vD* i¡~8 ¶(*

p+ x J b@@E E sgD xJv gD* @@E bK 0 hDbF ¤gD* pJ ¤gD* ,42b D* f£ D* ib0¡ D*H 4¡~|D* E ÌjCH x~{D* < bK jJv0 42b~|D* "ibJxCwD* f Jv´* ,xGb D*" ebgC b + r¡~9¡+ z - ·v< b~74 fcJ2&°*H fFb D"x~|E f~} F" vB )*H&°* ÍEb~6xD*H ÍFb D* &*H v+° ¤gD* f~{GvD* 6b~z0(* ¯ ,2x g´* f £g D* i¡£cD*H 4¡~| D* - HxJ GH ¡~{Jb< f£cGwD* f ~7&°* h« f D&bg´* b ´b E ¯ f ~6b g´*H b Db ~7&* ¥4b~}²* v gD* f <H fJx~|´* f£~|s~{D* 2x - x gD ¥HxJ r¡g E ebgC b £~8b - ~{gD 4¡~| D* Ä< f Jv D l*v0&* E pJ bE + :¡D* tJ4b- b§4H f Jv´* tJ4b b )b+2&* ÈC&*H b+H4H&* Áb A ib CH f~{Jx+ 6¡ :H i*2b<H

¡/H ¯ b +*¡+&* ,xGb D* bGv + x~{gD £Db ´* 0 v + f<y D* ebp~8&* E Í£+4H&°* $b+2&°*H ÍFb D* E $b+x D* /*x´* ¯ b < -$*x + J2HyE b £D(* *¡0y A f£~zFbEHxD* °(* ¤Â2bC&°* *x~{g~6°*H ,x~8b ´* e*2%°*H f£ £~6É D* -É04 ¢ < h : ¤gD* ¤G fgpcD* f£Db ±* f£0b D* &* A b £A *¡¸vF*H ,xGb D* *¡~{Jb A Eb gGb+ ix.&bg~6*H *x~{g~6°* f +H ÍBx~{g~z´* < ,4¡.&b´* 8¡~| Db+ *¡ pJ £D(* ¤0¡- b§ ~z F&* *yD(* ¢ < Í~|Jx0 *¡FbCH ,2¡ ´* *¡ 1H ~6¡ F &b ; *HH4 bE *3(* ¢g0 EÉ0&*H Gx<b~{E bK cc1 fJxp~zD* g<bc F* ix/ -b~{J4H EÉB&* ¶(* f£ D* ib<*v+(°*H f 0É´*H ~8¡D*H fJ*HxD* 6*xA&* ¢ <

2zCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CG* 2 0 1 5 K&¸* £§CIfF |Cg CC M2

f JvE I¡@@~@6 bK @E¡@@J · ,x@@Gb@@ @D* - µ *w@@ @D dg gD + 7xpg- f JvE ¡GwD*H f~{Gv D q ~z-H x - ¢g0 b ~|-H b ~6ÆD H&* b < dJ2&* H&* d-bC bG*¡G ¯ F(* b D ¡ - &b+ D Bx« 4b Db+ MÇg C bGbJ(*H Á(*" " ¡ ¸ d-b D* H&* d@@J2&°* fFb E @@J&* DH "bGvc JH J&* " x~{D* f ~8b< hpc~8&* ¤gD* f Jv´* ¯ d@@J2&°* B ~} +H ,xGb D* ¯ d@@J2&°* b E " x~{D* f ~8b< ,x@@Gb@@ @D* i4b@@~@ 8 d@@-b@@ @D*H J&* " z£B 4b ~7&* ~} + °(* ¢ £D iv 1O GH 2 @@EH ,x@@Gb@@ @D* ¯ d-b D*H d@@ J2&°* b E O v ¹ ·¡@@- @@E k@@Jv@@²* b sJ4b- @S @1 c B ¯ ¡ c~6 E 4bc= } A b £A ²* ¤ < f~z)bcD* f Jv´* gD x1%* bK /H ~|£D ²*

2zCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CG* 2 0 1 5 K&¸* £§CIfF |Cg CC M2

¾(* | T

äÉjôcòdG áæjóe Iô`` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` `gÉ≤dG Ò

j ©dG ó

ôª .O

ô G É μ°ù ó É É « « ó ..É μ°ù ..É Gó H « ô G É H G É OÉ ó ó ô d É °ù G ƒ°S OÉ É μ ..É © ó ƒ .. ° É G É d jó d μd ..ô° dÉ É É ° É d dÉ ó G ó G Ò μdG ..É G É «É G É Gô G « °ù É « G GÉ μ É« G É Éμ É ° ..É É HG ó G ƒd Éª É ô G É É ... ô É dG G É ô É G ƒ© Gƒ °S Gô O É« HÉ °T Oó ƒ j É É ó ° G G « H É ó° G ôdÉH É © dG ô É ©dG G G OO G É G É dG ô É° d «ª G ƒ É°S ¢Sƒ É O É dG É G ô j dG d d Gƒ j G ÉH H Gó . É dG

2zCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CG* 2 0 1 5 K&¸* £§CIfF |Cg CC M2

jM§ G fMf E d O ª ôdG ó .O

á¨∏dG ‘ ≈ë°üØdG

OvJ h S ~7P O&* b JH f_J24 ¯ f D e* O 5N xR @ ´P * rbp~|D* 4bgº ¯ ¥5*x@@D* .fp£~|A Ì= e*y£´* Kb~}J&* "¢p~| O D*" f C *¡Evsg~6* b C O *" ebgC ¯ ¤~64b D* ¤<b mQ ² P Q +N 4O x~|N R ³* "f .¢pN ~|R O D* f D* ¤GH P J P BH N J N B b J b~z D* ¯ P J N B ¢p~| D* f D*H ¤GH 5b@@m@²* @@G&* f D $bgD* x~z + v@@-P ¡@@D*H L2bN-HR N&* /H ¢p~| D* f jE&°* f@@.É@@. ¯ x D* h@@ @ @F&* *3(* h@@ F&*H fAxQ E f D* *¡Evsg@@~6* F&* iv/H f +b~zD* £~} gD* ~6* &* D3 ¯ dc~zD*H A &b+ M xQ E kF' * ¤-&bJ ° kFQ '¡´* M ¡E ¡~8¡E v + °( M Ix ~8O ,bgA b J &* q~|J ° DwD &b@ + b J &* q£p~|D*H b£ < vJH IÄ CO ex0H O v£D*H IÄ@@ @ D* ex@@ ²*H Ix ~|D* ,bg D* O ibE*vsg~6°* (* ¡ D* b Â QN .N EH b£ D* &b ³* £cB E v - f£DbgD* ¢p~|A f@@£+x< f D %*x D* f D Q (* ¢p~|A f£+x< f + ¡ gJ *¡FbC ¢p~|A f£+x< f + f+¡g E g~|BH

f£+x D* f D*" b D¡B &* 6b D* } + IxJ @@ ¡ F &* Gv < q£p~|D*H &b 1 "¢p~| D* *wG &* ²*H "fp£~| D* f£+x D* f D*" E $¤~7 ¶(* obgpJH vJv~z+ z£D ¥&*x@@D* £~| gD*H q£~9¡gD* ¢ < v- f c~{E f ~|A "fp£~| D*" f C bE&* "¢p~| D*" v- b £+ 4*x g~6°*H i¡cjD* vJxF b C *3(bA q~|A&* kF'¡E £~} gD* ¢ < b ~6¡+ b@@C A f0b~| Db+ b g D ~8H bF24&* *3(* DH "fp£~| D*" f C *vsg~6* ib D*H ibm D* x)b~6 E ÈC&* b F(* ¡ F &* &* q£p~|DbA v cg~z§ *wG z£DH fK 0b~|A ."¢p~| O D*" vsg~zF f C $b@@Ev@@ @ D* ¡@@J¡@@ @ @ D* v@@s@ g@ ~@ 6* v@@ BH ."fp£~| D*" ¥x@G¡±* bB Oh R P ~9N ¡D¡ J f£Db D* GN&* .fp£~| D* ¤G v½ f D R *3(* O /&P bJN H O /O &bJN $O b´* N /&N * 64bA +* bB .fp£~| D* ¤GH x@@£Q Ì1 H3 h£s+ /4H Qv±* h RscD* vJ42 +* .fp£~|A b c~z0&* °H O N f D h S ~7H fp£~|A fL D Ov@JN hR S ~7 d . bB

2zCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CG* 2 0 1 5 K&¸* £§CIfF |Cg CC M2

*N z/ ,Ô E E ¿Gô dG

°ù

(4)

(3)

(2)

(1)

jó É ƒdÉ° É Gó G . HOG ÉH ° ƒj « ÉG « É É«dÉ© dÉH É ° ƒ .. É dG É É © É ô©°T ° Gô É G !!..¿ƒdÉ°üdG ÜÉH

G G

É°ù OÉ©HG É dG °ù É °S É« G . É©Hô ó É dG Ò °S G É É°ù .. É ó OÉ G Éª « Ò G ƒ °S É É°ù ..ô G O ó .. G d É°ù ..G É OÉ G ª° É°T ÉH .. G Éª «dG G ô . Gô H °

« .. μ °T ¢ù°SG °SÉ .. d O

..É H

2zCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CG* 2 0 1 5 K&¸* £§CIfF |Cg CC M2

.É É© ..GóHG É Gôj G G É «H É μ°SG É G ..É Gƒ°S ƒμdG É° G H O ..É d

ย &ยฐ Iyย ยดb+ ยฐK H&* ย gG&* bF&*H Iyย E *3 ย FยกCH *K 4ยกย ~{E ย ย ย D* ,xย ~{Db+ ย gG&* ยฐ ร &* ร = d04&* bย ย ย mJH bย -bยฃ0 ยคย ย J ย D3 kยฃ0 "ย ยกcย ย D" ย 2*xE yFยกC IvD ย bย ยฑ*H ",xย ~{D* ย /&* ย E ย bย g0ยฐ* ย pg~zJ ย bย ยฑ* ยฏ ยฅ&*4 ย CH fย :b< ย C" ย &b+ vย gย J ย H&* IxJ ย ย : ยคย ยฃ< ยฏ ,2bย ~6H f~{Gv+ xE&ยฐ* ย ย ย - $*ยก~6 ย + wย E bF2*v/&* ย ยกยฃ< ยฏ ย ยฃย ย D* ร bย gD* ย ยฃT s- H&* ย D tย ย - fcย D ร C&* bย ย ย mJ" ย J&*4 d~z0 ย ย D*H " 6ยกย ยฃA ย bE&* ร ย ~zD* ย ยฐ%* ."bย ย ~6bย gF ยคgD* bย gยฃFb~zF(* ย E $y/ ยกGH x~{cC bย ~zย F&b+ bยฃ<H ,2ยกยฑb+ ย gย g- bย F&* yFยกC ย bย <&* ย < ย DยกB ย ย ร bE ย ย D HvcJH ,xย cEH fย -bA ,4ยก~8 ยฏ bย /xsJ ย @@F&ยฐ fยฃ)bย gFยฐ*H ย Jx~8bย E d~z0 ยกGH ย g+xยฉ ยฏ bK p~9*H ยทbJ4ยก~zD* zย N ย D* yFยกC 5b0 vBH bย ย ยฃ+ ย ยก~{ยฃย J ย JwD* ร Fbย ย D* ย ย <&* ย E ย bยธ ยฏ ย @@-*5b@@ยฝ(* ยขย < f@@ย @~@6H&ยฐ*H y@@)*ยก@@ยฑ* ย @@E vJvย D* x~8bย ยด* ย ย D* ยฏ ย cย C ยกย < ยขย < ย ยฃDvC ยคย ยฃย ~{gD* ย ย D* ย gยฃEยกยฝ ยขย < bK ~}J&*H

123 40

2zCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCย CG* 2 02 01 1 5 ย K&ยธ* ยฃยงCIfF |Cgย CCย ย M2

p E b A" Äg<bA y £g~6 4bE £s~z- ¯ °(* g £º | F v<b~zJ µ b £A J ¤gD* f_£cD*H £~9*¡E ¢ D* ¡EvsJ JwD* _DH&* v0&* F(* ,4¡~8 Äg<* 5¡£G ix@@+H4H " wgc´* q+xDb+ g´* b D ,4Hx EH f s~}E b~}J&* 0bg´* E Ìj D* gc DH Ìj D* ." +b D* D* E" e Jv£D* ¡@@g@ @E @@c@J @@ @A y@@F¡@@C b@@ E&* < bAv D IÄFbA v D* b£~6 b@@E&* *v+(°* ¯ 4*x g~6* É1 E g+x© £<H A 64bÂ F&b+ bBH 4b g+°*H Â f F ¥&* ¶(* IÌD c g~z´* ¢ < G h~z£D *¡E&°* &* *K vC'¡E ~|J &* Db <&* ,x ~7 ¡@@0 _~6 b@@´H H&°* ¡@@C Í@@+ Ì@@c@C x@@A b G" eb@@ @/&*

2zCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CG* 2 0 1 5 K&¸* £§CIfF |Cg CC M2

Ì=H £ m D ¥x~|cD* bm´* ¯ ¤GH E yF¡C bGÄg JH v0&* ¢ < f+¡m¹ BH3 dJw -H 4¡ ±* v£0¡- )b~6H Dbº ¥&*4 D Jx1%* *K 2b F D Db <&* f .&* b@@ @ -4* &b@@+ *HÄ@@g@<b@@A f ~|EH f )*5 f£E¡½ < f©bF b ~6&*xD* ¡1vD f£ £c: fm£gF ¤GH b gG* yF¡C d g~6* k£0 D* ¶(* 9x D* i°b@@~@ 8H f£ D* ib~z~6'¡´* bK ½ E h ~8H D h/HxA f£´b D* £+ $*4H E ÌA¡D* b´* ¤ / /&* E 94b ´* v D* d~z0 ¤G ¤gD* Db <&* É+H f ~|EH f Ab- $b£~7&* 2x@@¸ b £ C JbE vBb D* $°'¡G EH f £B f ~|E Db <&*" &b@ @+ b@@B ¥w@@D* b@@E&* " m1 É@@+ ,x@@1b@@~@6H f~|£14H

¤gD* ¤~z£Â2 ¤@@Â(* ,vBb D* bK £+bmJ(* " )*4 b£C" F&b+ ¡DbcD* d C h ~8H x cE" @@F&b@ + ygDb~6 ¥Ì@@/ Ä@@g@ <*H ¡ D* pgE xJvE b@@E&* "4b~|+&ÉD b A 4b~{£c£A 24bFÌ+ *5¡ + f £ ±* E i°b@@ 0 sJ F&b+" y@@F¡@@C @@< "fAv~| D $¤~7 ¥&* ÆJ °H ~6b gD* &b+" bK @~@}@J&* Ix@@J H4b~z£+ £~7*¡/H c~{- b¿(*H ,vEb/ h~z£D yF¡C b <&* 4*x g~6b+ J ¥wD* { -x´* ~z±* ." B¡- É@@+ f@@~@{@Gv@@ @D *Ì@@j@ E @@ @ JH *K Ìc - Db <&* ¯ IÌ@@A ~} + b@@E&* x~8b ´* b~zF(°* ibc gE < bK 13b+ ¯ g Gb~zE @@D ¡c~zpJ Hx@@ @ 1%*H Ìj D* 2¡/¡D ¤ £ ~{gD* D* f:x E2 fEb D* ib@@0b@@~@z@D* ¯ -b-¡p E @@E

.",%*x C ¡ ~|´*H z E&°* fJ3°¡ D* Db <&* ~{- &* ¤ JvcD* A DwD r¡~9H ¯ f £~z+ HvcgA g ´* ~zD* yF¡ DH ~z F hB¡D* ¯ ,v E b D v g~zJ ¡@@GH @@ @Db@@+ f@@ @~@6*H f@@Ax@@ @E f£CÉ g~6°* fAb jD* @@E £~9*¡E EH f£D¡ D* f E5&°* EH Í£ JxE&ÉD $*¡~9&°* h« bK )* Ãv@@ @D* D* yF¡C (b@A ¡~94b EH ¡cm E DH ~z FbA @@ D3 @@E h J µ bK @ ~@ }@ J&* Í JxA ¶(* Db <&b+ ¡ g ´*H 2b D* g+x© ¡@@0 ¡@@ @D* *H2b@@@<&*H *¡@@Db@@BH bG*xJ E b A b ££ - Í .( R °* T GH f gºH ,v)*4 b FHxJ Hx1%*H fDwgcE { ´* hp EH b g£~8¡~|1 h 0H Gv F bC JwD* EH g £B ¥2b D*H

πμH Ωƒ≤j ’ õfƒc ∑Îj ’h √óMƒd πª©dG É‰EGh áaó°ü∏d ¬æa QƒeCG ójó©dG ºYO ≈∏Y óªà©j øjòdG øjóYÉ°ùŸG øe RÉ‚EG ≈∏Y ¬fhóYÉ°ùj ,¬∏¨°ûe ‘ ¬JÉJƒëæe øμªàj ød ¬fCÉH ±Î©jh ∫ÉªYC’G ∂∏J πc RÉ‚EG øe ∂dP π©a ¿EGh ,GOôØæe øe ÒãμdG ∂∏¡à°ù«°ùa RÉ‚E’ ó¡÷Gh âbƒdG óMGh πªY

dp~z JH f )b~}D* gD¡ : E bK B B*¡D* < bK 0*y E f~{Gv´* b ´*¡ D *wG H4b~z£+ £~7*¡/ vBb D* x~z JH g<*x+H yF¡C ~7 (*" D¡ + rx D* F¡C b :&°* eb D&* E ¢0¡g~z´* ¯ ,2b g~6* E Í g´* Í ¶(* ¢ ~zJ f£<b / f Jx + gD¡ : E ib ² -b-¡p E q ~6 ¢ < G4¡~8 z - b´

E f ~|+ E dJx D*H {Gv´* ¶(* bK « x gcJ F(* 42b D* y£ gD*H ,&*x±* ¢ < e4b~}D* bGxp~6 64b f £ . g£E¡½ ¢ < :b D* £DvD*H ¤ g´* f£´b D* i*2*y@@ ´* ¯ Í g ´* zAb N b -4* x~6 *w@@GH Db <&* $b gB* ¢ < dDb= ¯ bK £Db£1 qc~|J ¥wD* b g .&* ¡ - =x+H b J&*4H c~6 b C b£0&°* eb D&° J c0 (bA f£ D* -*4b g+* ¯ g ~|+ h ~7 ¤gD* ¤GH ibF¡DbcD* g+x© *¡ <H ¤ £ ~{gD* D* b¸ ib-¡p ´* @@E ¡@@ @ D* *w@@G y£Â b@@EH ¡ D*H f EÉD* f£/4b³* f c D* i*3 b F&* ,%*x´bC zCb D* q ~zD*H ¤G*yD* E *K $y/ qc~|£A ¤ g´* ,4¡~8 z b DÉ1 E v£ g~zJ b C ¤ D* D*

2zCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CG* 2 0 1 5 K&¸* £§CIfF |Cg CC M2

√òg g πc á«æØdG äG äGRÉ RÉ‚E ‚E’G ’G ¿Éæa øY ÈîJ îJ ≈∏Y QOÉb òa ôë°ùdG äÉÑæà°SG πc c øe ∫Éª÷Gh πch ™«° «°VGƒŸG ócDƒjh OGƒŸG :¬dƒ ƒ≤H ∂dP A»° »°T πc π ¿E { øμÁ ÉædƒM ¤E ¬∏jƒ– ,»æa » èàæe A» »°T πc ¿C’ ¬∏∏NGO …ƒàëj ô°UÉ ô° UÉæY æY ≈∏Y z√RÉÉ«à z√ «àeGG

~I§F ª/ ~ªµ | 6 W m D* @@ @ E @@ @ m@ JH y@@F¡@@C y@@£@ Â b@@E ¤´b D* ¤ £ ~{gD* v ~{´* ¯ x ~7&°* ,2b@@/ @@< *x@@ p@ @F°* 4b@@£@ g@ 1* ¡@@G É@@1 @@E @@ @ D* ¯ @@£@ @< 4b@@ @ g@ ´* wgc´*H ¥2b D* E -bc£Cx- *vsg~6* &*v~| D +bB Ì D* 3°¡ DbC { ´*H 4¡@@Gy@@D*H £E*Ì~zD*H £g~6ÉcD*H D3 C J¡« ,2b<(*H ·y ´* lb.&°*H

2zCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CG* 2 0 1 5 K&¸* £§CIfF |Cg CC M2

v0*H < 5b½(° v ±*H ÍFb D* È@@C&* @@E y@@F¡@@C q@@c@~@8&* v D h F ¤@@g@D* @@94b@@ @ ´* v@@0&b@ A ,x@@ @~@7 x@@)*5 @@D&* 960 4*5 ¥b@@~@6x@@A ¯ @@D ~6*H b F ¢ < Db <&* h~9x<O b C f@@£@´b@@ @D* @@ @ D* @@~@ 8*¡@@< x@@ @ ~@ 7&* ¯H v DH i4¡ F*xAH ¡=b £~7H zJ4bcC ÍFb D* E 4bcg<* ÂH 4¡J¡£FH D* µb E vJv« ¯ *¡ Gb~6 JwD* ¡£D* ¶(* ib £Fb jD* E x~8b ´*

*K x ~6 ¢ <&°* Db <&* h ~|A i*2*y´* O v£B ¢ < G JwD* ÍFb Db+ fF4b E ,b£²* °H v@@0¡@@D D* + ¡ J ° y@@F¡@@CH v g J b@@¿(*H fAv~| D A 4¡@@E&* ÆJ JwD* Jv<b~z´* E vJv D* <2 ¢ < ¯ -b-¡p E 5b@@½(* ¢ < FHv<b~zJ E gJ D F&b+ Æ JH ~{E (*H *2x E b@@ @<&°* - C 5b@@½(* hB¡D* E Ìj D* g~z£~zA D3 A

~|- H&* fJx D* 4¡GyD* E f+x< ibF*¡£²* @@E f<¡ ¸ £ gC ¢ < Í_£ E @@J¡@@D2 pJ Ix@@ 1&*H f~{ D* *w GH *K xs~8 H&* 4¡GyDb+ v²* *wG v < yF¡C ~7 B¡gJ µH - c~{- £.b 5b½(* ¶(* x½* + f£ £~6É D* 4¡~| D* ¡Fb A b gpF ¤gD* bK +x E ¡D¡+&*H 6¡ £ C g D%° fÂv D* b <&b+ +bm<(*H c0 < b DÉ1 E ,Æ D* f<¡ m´ x~{< +b~zD* J2¡´* ~8H i*4b£~z+ f~8b³* "¡J @@+*2 (* ¤+" f£ D* i*5b@@ ½( ½°( * w@@G @@CH bc~zD* bm´* £~}D xCwF µ ¤gD*H bFxC3 ¤gD* xCwF µ ¤gD*H bFxC3 ¤gD* CwF µ ¤gD*H bFxC3 ¤gD* ibc g~6* ¢ < 42bB wA b A < Äs< 442bB wA b A < Äs CH £~9*¡´* C E b ±*H xp~zD* C E b ±*H xp~zD* $¤~7 C (*" D¡ + D3 vC' D¡ + D3 vC'C¡JH 2*¡´* ¤ A ng E ¶( ¶(* J¡« Â b D¡0 1*2 ¥¡gpJJ $ $¤~7 & &° $¤~ ¤~7 C x@@~@8b@@ @< ¢@@ @@ < ." 5b£gE* E* £~z+ 2x@@ /H ¤gD* f@@ @ @.É@ &É@D b@@ @ @<&* b@@ @ + h + h@ h@@ @ £@ + c J ° b@@§ v@v@@CC'¡' @- yF¡C ¯ ~6&* b -4* ~{ D b --4* ~ ~{ D °K b@@¸ g£E¡½H f£´b D* ¤ £ ~{gD* D* ¡~6 £´b D* ¤ £ ~ ¤ ~{gD* D* ¡~6 f£~zE&* É1 h £+ h £+ ÉjE ¡DbcD* ,xGyA ÉK jE ¡DbcD* ,xGyA ex@@²* v@@ @+ b@b@@E @ E @@AH x@@~@8b@@ @´* @@ @ D* y£g~zJxC 4*2 ¯ 4°H2 ¡£ E ¯ ° ¯ 4°H2 ¡£ E 25 765e £+ ´* d D*H d DD*H 2008 f ~6 v + $bB4yD* f~6b´*´* f B b@@E&* 4°H2 ° ¡£ E 6 .23@+ ¡DbcD* d CHH 4°H2 44°H2 ° ¡£ E 7 .25@+ h £+ v A F&* b gGÉD Ìj´*H 4°H2 ¡£ E Ì Ìj´*H 4°H2 ¡£ E ° 4 .58@+ £++ ¯ f£~6b£ D* b@ bb@@ B4&°* 0 2007 f ~6 ¯ ¯

2zCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CG* 2 0 1 5 K&¸* £§CIfF |Cg CC M2

¥b@@~@6x@@A x~|B f@@ @Jv@@0 ¯ f-¡p E $b@@ B45 f@@~@ 6b@@E @@< ,4b@@c@ < f@@-¡@@p@ @ EH ib£~|s~{Db+ bK ~}J&* @@g@G*H f s~9 ¤GH ¥b+¡+ f ~z ~6 y½&bA f£F¡-x D* f£F¡-x D* f£~|s~{D* @@E ,b0¡g~zE Ìj D ib-¡p E y@@½&* b C fAHx ´* b@@ @:&°* b cpJ ¤gD* ib@@F*¡@@£@²* @@E °H bGÌ=H dF*4&°*H D*H $*x±bC + E f ~{g´* £.b gD* f ~z ~6 ¢~z F +4 "¤ ~zJx+ £G" b ~6 x~}1&* £ /H ex D*H x~{D* Í+ DÉ1 E ¯ /H Ìc - d~z0 µb D* :b E f£DbgB f£ ~9H ¯H b~6x~7 -b£ © C iHÄ±*H f ~7b D* ,¡ D* 9x g~zJH f@@+4b@@~@}@g@´* @@Db@@ @@0&* b@@ @ @ @ @- ¤@@g@ D* A2 f£ ~9H ¯ mJ ,x A f~}Bb g´*H

2zCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CG* 2 0 1 5 K&¸* £§CIfF |Cg CC M2

,b£²b+ f~}+bFH f£G*5 Hvc- b F&* eb D&* ¢ < yF¡C f+x© x~|g - µH e4b@@© ¶(* b -v - b@@ ¿(*H ibF¡DbcD* Jb´ ib-¡p E lÉ. y½&bA Ix@@1&* £E*Ì~zDb+ y +b+ 2x@@B E ¡~zCb/ 4*2 ¯ b@@G*v@@0(* h £+H É@@~@64¡@@c@D*H ® b C 4°H2 ¡£ E 5 6 f £ + y£+3¡~6 ¡ ~6H&* f B pgE x: E £ y½&bA f£ A f « 5b½(b+ b£Fb´&* ¯ ,4bc< ¤GH *K ÆE 13 ¡ + f£-bcF f-¡p E E ,xG5 D&* Jx~{ + ¢ E HM xR / < x~}pg~zJ ¡GH *¡@@D&°*H b ~7&°* C ,È + Db <&* ¯ f£ £ ²* 4¡@@Gy@@D* f c-x´* ib ~|Db+ ¤0¡- b F¡ D b§4 b g/b0H d@@ @ @D* @@Jx@@~@z@D* b@@ @±b@@+ y½&* b C fJb<xD*H b gGÉD f )*vD*

Gf 6 M|: Jz¼*K kw¼* jªH§q¡ G 4b g´*H ¥2b D* < yF¡C £/ r*y J ~7 wsggA f£ D* @@Db@@ @<&* ¯ £ < £ D*H f s~9 f£ £Gb E ib-¡p E e¡ B < ,4bc< b c =&* &* x@@E&°* ¯ eb D&*H q~| D* v£< }£+H d²* v£< ibF*¡£0 Ix@@1&* ,4bc + H&* t D f +bB bK ~}J&*H d@@ F*4&°*H eÉ DbC ibF¡DbcD* 3°¡ D* E b ~|J ¡GH ¡DbcD* 4¡G5 £g~6 z Fbg~zD* &*v~| D +b D* Ì= f~zCb<H fD¡ ~|E b JvcJO 4¡+ b £ JH Í+ rH*Æ@@-H fJ2b0&* b F*¡D&*H ,%*x´bC x 0&°*H ·b -ÄD*H ¥yEx D*H 45&°* *¡D&°* wG y£Â bEH bGÌ=H x~}1&°*H

jªDf . £*§G&*

õfƒc ∞«L « ª kG* £f¡ G* fN Å ug 8&* ¬{G* dG j ƒ .O Éª «°ùdG G Gôμ « ƒ dG °ù«d É° jG «μ° dG d É G É dG «μ° dG ¿É dG ƒ « ƒ 1955) »``μ`jô`èC’G GóH ó ƒ ° ƒ dG Éª C’G ¿Gó«e « G É« eG jô° ©dG ©HGôdG °S e Gó HG jGó dG e ô``°``TCG dG °SôdG OÉ``©`dG jƒ H ° d ` É`` ÜÉ`` `°`SCG É`` ` ` jô`` ` dG ¢`` ` ó`` G G ` ` ` G ` ô``©` G `«` É``©`dG ¢`` ô``©` dG O É``ª` ` G ƒ«dG ƒ`` É dÉ dÉª CG ©«H e « dG Gƒ°SC’G Éª°SC’G ô °TCG e ó CG É`` jô° É© G É dG CG dG É©e °Sôj ¿CG ƒ « É °SG ¿ƒμj ¿CG É °SG « ô° É© G » «μ° dG ª« ` ` dG É`è èƒ`` ô`` HCG ó`` CG dG ƒ°S dÉª CG

2zCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CG* 2 0 1 5 K&¸* £§CIfF |Cg CC M2

,º¡dG √GÎYGh ¬àÑ«ÑM ¿Gó≤ØH π«jÉaGQ ™éaCG ÉgÈb ≈∏Y ∞≤«d ,QGôØdÉH ºgh

b Jx: É~8*¡J b G¡Cx-H *K xH bK c£+5 b G¡ <&*H Í mgE *¡FbC 4¡E5&* f JvE G&* } + b£ D ~z F ¡£D* $b~zE ¯ b G¡Bb~6H b £ < *¡~}cB b£p£~zE b F&* *¡Ax A ¤ ~6%* ¶(* k£0 ÍExm´* ,4¡ E ¯ b + o5 ¥wD* ¤ ~6% * Cb0 ¶(* Q $b´*H yc³b+ b-bg J *K x ~7 11 b£~}B ,x D b E ox@@1&*H {C*xE £<b ~6(* ¥°¡@@E 12 bEv + ¤ ~6%* Cb0 d@@G3 f@@<42 £ B(* b <&* £1&* @@+* f£FbjD* °K bc g~6* ´* b c g~6bA JÌ~6&°* E dp~8H g Jbc´ ,2¡ D* /&* E *xA b F&* < bEv < b < q ~8H bK ~z0 *2Hy-H b £-¡B b /Æ~6*H f£ Av´b+ É g~7*H b £ :H ¶(* Ix1&* ,xE 4*x D 4*| G jnGf. jGKfÁ b pJ b@@C ¥w@@ D* f/¡m + v@@)b@@ @D* @@~@ 64&* bAx~|F* b@@´ b .* b £+ @@E b@@C b@@ @Gx@@.&* ¯ 2¡ / ,v@@< b ~6xpJH b F&* *¡ 0° f+4b ´* D b GbAx J &* H2 b Gb A*4 < b G¡D&b~6H b E *¡+b-4bA E&* bE < 2b g+°* °HbpJ b Gv)bB &*H b~z - E b ~zE b F&b+ b+b/&bA b )b gF* ¶(* b /¡gE b GH *x~|F°b+ b D q ~6H {C*x§ ¤ + b+b/&bA b g~|14 < b G¡D&b~zA f ~8x Db+ bE¡ £D É~6 {C*xE ¶(* b G¡ /4&bA b+4bG b F&* 2¡ m D ÍcgA ¤ Db+ x ~z ´* E *xA b£p£~zE b F&* £JbA*4 rx~8 É~8H b´H ¥wD* ¤~9b D* ¶(* b + *¡cG3H b +wC 2¡ ±* x g~6bA 3b F(* /&* E bK JxGb; É~6(°* ¡<vJ Í£p£~z´* C (* bB b ~|F&bA gJx0 d~z D H&* -*¡£0 xE&bA Ix/ b§ ´* 4bc1(* ®H x ~z ´* ¶(* *Ì~6&°* 24O hBH ¢g0 4b F £D É=&°* ¯ b )b +(b+ f/¡m + v)b D* p´* E bK +Hx~9 v)b D* @@D3 b B*3&*H {£±* £04 6bA ¶(* ,2¡ D* 4xB ´* &* °¡D D3 ¯ *x g~z£~6 bFbCH x+x+ ¢ < ,4b@@= ´* *wG ~7 b@@Q´H b DÉ=&* + xE&bA AvE bJb ~{+ ·b -ÄD* v)b D* gBO J2x g´* bJ*HyD* ~z² ~z F v/H 6b E ¶(* £JbA*4 Hv@@D* 2b< Í0H G'H*vgA* ® JwD* Í£Fbc~6(°* Ix@@~@6&°* 2*v@@< ¯ 0 1680 f ~6 *H4x0H

2zCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CG* 2 0 1 5 K&¸* £§CIfF |Cg CC M2

i*¡~8&* E ¡1 ¯ ¡ D* v0&* ¯ b0*Æ~6*H ,vE *4b~6 v/¡- b E ¶(* É~8H &* ¶(* ÉK £D *4b~6H f~6Æ ´* ibF*¡£²* E v+ b D J A v~6&° *Ì)5 b ~6H ,vJv< ÌEb E £A ~zJ ¢g0 ,v0*H ,4¡ E ¶(* bK E °yFH bGv0&b+ 4bcg1°* HÌ~zJ bK E¡BH bK m£m~9 b ~6 rbc~|D* ¯H 2¡ ~|D* b £ < ¡ J $b~zFH °K b/4H 4¡s- *K 4b +&*H ¡ j- bK =H ~|- ÉK £1H b G £s£D $b/ Hvc D 4*Hv+ gJ xE&°* &* *¡ A EH b G v/¡J $¤~7 ° &* *v@@C&b@-H ,4¡ ´* E *v ~8 $b´* &* b§H xm D* ¡ : ¢g0 b GÌ~6 b F&bg~6* £ D* ¡ 0 HvcD* } + b DvJ &* cB b D¡+ b+x~7 v A b ~| J bC b£ ~7&*H bGv < b B¡- b Jx: ¯ b F*vm£~6 $bE Í< ¢ < b c ~6 °Hb0 *4bA b F&* Hvc D Íc- Í0 f+xB %ÉEH b g = f<x~z+ b FbA b Gv~9 bpJO $¤~{+ b~z0&* b D b c FH E ·b -ÄD* ~6&* *Ì~zJ bC b´H Jx D* < *v g+*H cg- µ b Gyc1 ¥¡gpJ b@@C ¥w@@D* z£ D* ¡@@³* ,v~7 ÉC&bJ &* H2 ÍE¡J *4b~6 ,vJv±* < b£D lÉ. I¡~6 b D E ÉK gE *K x ~z E bA2b~8 ¢g0 Hv@@D* 4Hw@@/ I¡~6 b_£~7 H4bA b F(* D °b A 2¡ ±* b D&b~6 v 0&* ¥°¡E 2¡ / bJ&* f.É. w E bK _£~7 ÉC&bJ µH £<b ~6(* ¥°¡E x ~z E E

.ºgQÉ°üàfÉH É¡«a ÉgÈîj ,¬àHƒÑﬁ ¤EG π«jÉaGQ ¿hO Öàc É¡fCGh .¿Ó«¨d ΩÓ°ùà°S’G ¤EG ¬«a ¬àYO Gk OQ ¬d âÑàμa Ék ÑgP ¬FGóàaG øªK ™aóà°S

4*| G ¾K&* jGKfÁ 4*x Db+ GH D* *Æ@@<*H gc£c0 *v + £JbA*4 mA&* v A dDb D* ¯ b´* £ J ´* bC bQ´H bGÄB ¢ < £D <Hx~{E ¢ < 2¡ ±* v0&* :&bA E ¤ J bE JvD xAQ ¡ ¶(* dG3 . bK +b£.H bK 0É~6H bK Fb~|0 D Qv A fp § v<HH /Hx1 v < £ < }c D* $b D(b+ b ~6*x0 £D f Jv´* e*¡+&* ´* ¶(* £~6H £ < }cBO D g 1 w£ - ¯ £JbA*4 x~7 -bA 4*x D* )b~6¡+ 2H5 EH 4*xA dc~6 < D&b~6 ¥wD* D3 ¢ < }c D* $b D(b+ ´* xE&bA Fb1 ¥wD* ¥v ±* D3 Eb E +b-H $¡~z+ ~z~zÂ A £JbA*4 bE&* gBH ¥v ±* v£~74 ¥°¡@@E u&* £<b ~6(* ¥°¡@@E 7x D* ¢ g<* ,v@@E v + ~6H £ < x)bjD* £1&* +* E {C*xE f JvE /Æ~6*H Ix~6&* f£Fb . fCx ´* - ¯ Fb~6xA v)bB 4b < t£~{ D £JbA*4 £+ E bCH 5x0&* ¥wD* x~| D* ¢ < D ,&bAb E D x~|B ¯ *¡Evs£D ·bcD* 6bA ¶(* 4b < t£~{D* Gw1&* v£<O&*H + ~zEO&* D vJv±* 6bA ¶(* ,2¡ D* 2*4&* £JbA*4 4b~8H ´* D 4b < x - v ±b+ cBb< ¥wD* v£Q ~6 ¶(* ¢ < ~zD* ´* 9x< *x ~7 x~{< f +4&* v +H 4*¡jD* Í+ E vJv±* 6bA ¶(* £JbA*4 O A 4Hx~z+ g c gA f Jv´* EH {C*xE f JvE £<b ~6* ¥°¡E u&* +* v 0&* 12 Í0H 2¡ ±b+ ¡-&bJ &b+ 2*¡B £<b ~6(* ¥°¡E xE&* bGxJx« /&* bK £p£~zE x~{< ¤ .b+ *¡j cJ &*H É~6 f Jv§ bcJxB + *¡ pg JH ~9 E ¡ £D ,¡~74 £JbA*4 ¢ <&bA f£ Av´* ,2b£ D

2*4&* ¡m D* @@BH Í@@0H Í /b ´* ¢ < w gD b Db ~7(b+ £E*ÄD* v0&b+ AvA ¡£D* D3 4b~|gF* ¯ ~zJ &* £JbA*4 *3(*H f+4b ´* 2¡ ±b+ Q ¹ ~6 ¢ < b g~7°* fJb= ¯ ¡GH gBx0&bA ~zJ &* cB xm - 1*2 hFbC +b D* E 2v + *y Fb+ fCx ´* h gF*H x~zJ&°* <*43 ¯ *K ÌjCH /H ¯ ÉK £ B f+4b ´* G4b~|gFb+ b £A bGÄsJ g+¡c¹ ¶(* £JbA*4 H2 dgC Avg~6 b F&*H É£ D É~zg~6°* ¶(* £A g<2 *K 24 D hcg A g~8H&*H Ì@@E&°* @@D3 ~{/ ¤~9xJ b§ bK cG3 )*vgA* . . £D(* k c- ¤ D D¡~8H 2xm§ b G E b D f+bg Db+ pgD*H Ä~|D* ¶(* g<2H gJvA | 6&* fH hº* ¢HK f ~9 ¢ < f~6*xp D f Db0 f £D ¯ dG3 fDb~6xDb+ ~8¡- v + £ < h :&* Hv D ~z F ~z£D f0bc~6 x D* Ä<H x D* N v ~9 $b´* E /Hx1 $b .&* wsA ¯ rHxm+ d£~8&bA 4b D* ´* bG$b/ ¤gD* Ìc D* x~| D* ¶(* ¡Bb~6H 0*x/ f+4b ´* ¢ < -4bE(* Æ+ EyD&*H Ey A É£= e4b0H v£~74 ¥°¡E Ix~6&* E £JbA*4 0O x@@)*y@@±* ¶(* ebp~zF°*H f Jv´* v + $*vgA°* ¯ E&* b G J µ k£0 6bA ¶(* É£= A £JbAxD f£ £~6¡´* dG*¡´b+ v£~74 ¥°¡@@E < Í0 Eb : ´* DHb - hBH y Db+

4*| G jªIf. jGKfÁ

kE fH hº* ¢HK

bC5bE f JvE - µH 4*x D* ¥¡ J bC £JbA*4 &* b§H bK £Db -x+ *K v)bB xE&°* ¯ ¬bA v A *K ÌjC ,v£ + ,vJv±*

¯ *K Ì~6&* bC ¤+x E ¶(* £JbA*4 22¡- b ~z F f£ D* D hFbC v + Jx D* b JxJ ¤ D b £D(* ,2¡ D* ¯ d=xJ bCH b£Fbc~6(* f Q p´* E ¡£1 fBx~6 f £D i*3 ¤+x ´* D3 Hb0 b -°* D3 jJ µH ´* o¡F5 ByEH xE&* ~{C D f£Fb ~zD* f p´* E f£DbgD* f £ D* ¯ *xQ A + ·b -ÄD*H £JbA*4 y< b G E t~6*xA fg~6 v + ¢ < c/ q ~6 ¯ b£ g1*H

Ix/ b§ bGÄsJ gc£c0 ¶(* fE2b~8 fDb~64 £JbA*4 dgC D b E ¯ ~6 F&* b´b: b -xC*3 E ¡p &* b E d :H b~z - &*H b ~z F v ~z- &* bGv~7bFH *K v+&* E | sgJ E b@@CH y@@£@C4b@@´* b@@E Í@@E&* @@E e*¡@@/ ~8H ,v@@E v + gc£c0 ,b@@AH ¢ < £A :&* £JbA*xD $b@@£@AH&°* $bBv~8&°* f~}JxE h ~6H gDb~6x+ b ~8¡- 2xm§ *K ÌjC h´&b- ¤gD* x~z J ¤~z F b@@G$*2 &* *Hv@@C&b@A b -2b£ D $b@@c@:&°* ¤<vg~6* b ~9xE E EbjD* ¡£D* ¯ h-bEH /É<

2zCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CG* 2 0 1 5 K&¸* £§CIfF |Cg CC M2

¤gD* f£+x ´* {)*x D* f JvE ¶(* £ F ¢ < *¡ -*H *¡ g/bA *¡ /¡-H )bBv~8&* E b Cb0 bCH b£Fbc~6(* b g« hFbC f£E*x D* )b~6xD* ¢ < *¡ ~|0 £C bGHÄ1&*H ,ÌE&°* ¶(* £JbA*4 b £D(* b ~64&* ¤gD* « ¡G* f+x< ¯ + ¤ D&bA ¤ ´* x~| D* o4b1 £JbA*4 bC $b~zE i*3 ¡cC4&* 62bB ¶(* ¡ F ,bExD Q ~6H O f Jv´* o4b1 g 0 f £~6H D3 E £JbA*4 v/H {)*x D* ¶(* *K 4¡A ¡ ~64&*H ,ÌE&°* b -&*xB + *¡-&* JwD* Ä< 62bB E gc£c² f+bg D + b -H b c0 < D ,Ä E g+b/&*H b <¡Ev+ b g +H yCxE < 2¡ ±* v0&* ¢ Q s- _£¸ E x ~7&* fg~6 4HxE v + Ìc D* x~| D* ¶(* £ < *¡~}cB JwD* Bb~6 f+4b ´* ¶(* xQ AH f /b ´ v g~zJ b@@C ¥w@@D* É£= Ì@@E&°* £ J b@@C k£0 ¥v / D&* Jx~{ + {)*x D* f JvE Cb0 Ä@@1&* 1664 f ~6 4b D* ¥v ±* ,2¡@@< 4¡@@AH Cb²* 4v~8&bA bGvGb~7 ¤gD* i*2*v g~6°b+ {)*x D* ,v< h_ E f+4b ´* ib mG E f Jv´* < bAv D x@@E*H&°* £JbA*4 CH fJHv£D* +b D*H hJÄ D*H *x Db+ £E*x+

2zCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CG* 2 0 1 5 K&¸* £§CIfF |Cg CC M2

fN gT 0 f¤ 7 R y D* v£mJ qc~8&*H ,y£/H ,vE ¯ ¢ £~6¡´* £JbA*4 Q ,4b § |BxD* v£mJ bC b C Ix@@1&* f@@D%*H ,4bj£ D* ¢ < hEHbB b´b:H ÉcD* $b~zF /&* E ,y£C4bE + h DQ ¡gA c0 b E Q Í0H b ~8&* E ¢F2&* bC F&° £D(* b £E 24 ¯ Ä<H b D ebmg~6* fDb~64 Ä< bGbJ*¡F < D h ~{C b )b~94(° ~6H ¯ bE J &* b D i¡£+ ¢ =&*H x~7&* v@@0&° ,v£0¡D* f.4*¡D* ,y£C4b´* hFbC bCH ¤~8H xm0 h« hFbCH bGvD*H ¯¡- f£Fbc~6(°* f ´* b D¡£E ¢ < :* (* h£~{sA b E o*HyD* vJxJ H2 b G oHyg- &* i2*4&bA b c0 xE&* ¢ < h g gA £B*x< b D ~}£A b g£+xE b E ¯ hFbC zFb< E '¡:*¡gDb+ *K x~6 £JbA*4 H2 h ~{CH zFb D* bE&* i¡´* ¢ < *x~7(°*H 9x´b+ ixGb £JbA*4 E o*HyD* ¯ b º <H b c0 x~6 < f£Cb+ b D hc0b~8H zFb D* b -v<¡A bGx~6 g - &* b D h ~6¡-H Q 6Æ« µ f £~{ D* (* ¢g0 b@@Â&°* E f ~z ~z+ bG2¡<H £JbA*xD b cgD fDb~64 b g ~6H b E b -v£~zD bGv<H h~} A o*HyD* D3 &* zFb D* i2*4&* e4b@@B&°* £ / 4Hv+ <&* ¥wD* b £~8HH b cJxB iÄ@@1&*H

f¡< | 8 ¢H f¼* « 9

Üô¨ŸG OÓH ‘ ≥°TÉY ÊÉÑ°SEG Ò°SCG øﬁ n p 1680 - 1664

f ªkM ªMfD*4 O lÉ. $b~} D* vD*H H*5 k£0 f £ : f Jv§ £JbA*4 vDH v + bF¡gJ(* y£C4bE Í+H Í+ É1 BH D f£DbggE i*xE g + £JbA*4 v@@D*H -bA Ì@@1&°* *wG $b +&* v@@0&* b£g=* IHv/ H2 D ~z F f)ÄgD -Hx. C F&*H m~zD* 2H&bA f~zEb³* ¯ £JbA*4 H2 Qg£gA m~zD* ¯ f£ ´* gA*H ¢g0 ¡@@C4&* b J24b D gEv1 Ãv gD dG3 x < E ,x~{< £JbA*4 qc~8&* Fb = v0&bC c A f £ : f Bb~6&* z£)4 u&* f@@/H5 ¡@@ C4&* ,Ì@@ E&* gc A bK @ @Jx@@:H bK £ D bK ~|s~7 ,ÌE&°* - IvD ~7 ¥&* £JbA*4 OvDP J µH b J24b D* D3 ym J b@@CH f£~7b²* x+bC&* v < )b~64 xJx« I¡~6 Å=xJ x~8 + i*v£~zD* £ / b g ~zpg~6* fGbcFH f s+ ,ÌE&°* E <*ygF* ¯ £ /

É°ùdG «©°TƒH É ó °T » dG «° dG ô``°`SC’G É«μ `e ó`` G ` É °SG «°Sƒe É É H ¿É ô° HÉ°ùdG ¿ô dG °T É« O « Éª G e «jÉ G ¿ O ój « j »°ù« ô ª »μ G G G ô j .É ÒeCG «eGô ` É``°`S `e ` ƒ``°` ` G `j É``°`SCÉ` G ` Gó`` CG μd ójó ’ É ô°SCG » É G ôeÉ e ÉjÉ°T »°ù ô dG Ò°SC d °ù H «jÉ G ¿ O É G ó . Gô d ó . ô``°`SCG »μ ª° É`` ` OCG `dG jƒe ¿Éeô Éª°SÉ Éª É ÉH É © É e Ò Gó É°T ¿É .Üô ÉH Gó μ ô°SC’G

2zCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CG* 2 0 1 5 K&¸* £§CIfF |Cg CC M2

¤ j´ N R JO bE -H ex D* ¡<v-H D* ¡ - &* ¡@@/4&*H ÉK <H fK G I4&° Á(* Ñ*H EÉ= b@@B fcm R EO ,&*x´* É~8H ¢g0 Jx D* ,Ì~zE ¯ @@EÉ@@=H l4b@@²* x g~6* b £ < @@12 . @@+(°*H D* l4b@@²* x~}0&*H b G2É+ hDb A bAyD* eb£. bK Jv-xE £A z£D bE x~{D* E · ixC3 v D Ñ*H "*wG £CH b D b A K"b~} + ~} + g J ex D*H $b~z D x -&* hDbB "*K 3(* A&* *3bEH l4b²* bB O Ávmg~6H · v< R . "$°'¡G Í+ q ~8&*H dG3* f~z£ + hDbB JvJ Í+ b ~6 + f/4b1 c0b~8 e¡~8 ©*H l4b²* ox1 Mw_ £0 g/H5 kJv0 £ < |BH b D £jE ° ÉK <H fK G I4&° Á(* Ñ*H f/4b1 b A q ~|D* 9x FH ¡ D* ¶(* F *K 3(* G l4b²* b A bGb + $*¡gC°*H ex²* 4bF E °K v+ £ < N ibJ2 ¡ D* ¢ < q ~|D* ~9x< ¯ l4b²* S « vBH *wG ex²* h B¡gA Ì + °%* f.É. < 5b - ¢g0 ¢ g D* x Ng R O´* Ä³b+ *K 4Hx~zE f~z£ + g/H5 ¶(* l4b²* 2b<H D hc½&* ¢g0 b £ < 12H eb0x- + f~z£ + g gA 2°H&°* E *K 2v< v + b £A

2zCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CG* 2 0 1 5 K&¸* £§CIfF |Cg CC M2

b D xCwJ µH bg~}AxA £g1&* ¢ < D3 h~9x< b D b A b £gDb E fc0b~8H ³* f £A4H /¡D* f £ / Ñ*H b@@F&* hDb A Ñ* *4&* ÉA ¤ : (bA bK ~}J&* f ~8 ¥vDH d~zN FN H d~zN 0N *K Ì1 O D bBH l4b²* ¶(* ©* S . + Ñ* 4b+ 6H&* b A h cB b@@F&*H l4b@@²* b A @@6H&* h + f~z£ + g/H5 v D N &* g/H5 E 6H&* d A E q ~|-H f~z£ + b g +* y S © N S f~z£ + f_£ - ® b´H £A DyF&*H l4bp D h£c+ xE&* . b F&b~7 S .O f ² l4b@@²* kcD l4b@@²* ¢ < h 1vA D h ~64O&* l4b²* b A " F&b~7 E h=xA&* EO É= D b A ox1 OiR2 NvE b´ l4b²* b A " D3 £CH É D* b A Ñ*H ° N *K v+&* *wG ¡ J bE Ñ*H hDbB b £D(* ¥vJ £A h + ¥wD* hB¡D* ¯ b + 04H £0xD* l4b²* d A b /H&* ¶(* ,Ì ~{D* $*Ä D*H z0*2 ex0 &* Hb0 Jx D* ¯H g 04 ¯ ¡< + l4b²* x g~6* < bK Axp E v gJ &* EÉ= E d :H f~z£ + ¢ < 1vJ b + ² ¢g0 l4b²* kcD bEH Jx D* "h=xA G EÉ= D b A Ñ*H ° l4b²* b A µN P HN EÉ= b A xp - ¢g0 Ñ*H ° f£c~zDb+ O N R JO b C *wG · hDbB bB

Ëz G* ¢H~G* ¢H $f I ¢ShCG âæH á°ù«¡H °T G O

f¡<

8 | H ¢

f¼ « 9

» dG ó G É dG GôdG ©dG É° «Hô©dG CGô G ¢S CG H °ù« H G dG ¢ù GO Üô CÉ »Hô©dG ódG ©dG ` É`` dG É°ü dÉH ¿ô °TG » Gƒ dG Üô©dG É°ù e °ù« H ¢ù » H e É ódG » É dG É H ¢S CG É ódG CGôdG OGó°S ªμ G ¿É jƒ É e ôª °SG » dG G dG ¢ù GO Üô É eƒ e ô° É ó .¢S ô° dG Üô G É G É e O °ù« d

" -b + oHyg~6 ´H ex D* v£~6 h~}A4 *3b´ *K 3(* hDb A ¢ < $K b + l4b²* 1 x~6&*H &b 1 6H&* 4vg~6* b G ¯ bC F&b+ D b@@BH D 4wg<bA g/H5 rb@@²(*H fp£~|F *K 4Hx~zE E l4b²* /xA d~}= fDb0 fFÉA · ¥x~}0&* g/HyD bB g£+ ¶(* 6H&* 12 Í0H + l4b²* *wG ¤g£ + bJ b D b A g-&bA -b + IÄC ¤GH vBH bK c:b1 bK cDb: Á$b/ vB ex D* i*2b~6 E v£~6 ¡< " J&*4 b A E /H5&* &* i24&* - ° hDb A "*3b´ bB ¶(* fAb~9(* qc D* E $L ¤~7 ¤ /H ¯ ,&*x@@E* Á&° hDb A N * e¡£ D* E } + ¤ 0 ¢<ÌA < +b+ Nh~zDN HN f£ P R ³ M IxJ &* E ¢~{1&*H E ¤pg~z£A v cD* ¯ 4bm+ z£DH ¤ £A x J bE ¤ E . % S °* ¤cG3* ¤g +* bJ + Ñ* 4b+ @@6H&* bB Mw_ £0 j§ g+b/&bA b g1&° DbB bE b D bBH ¢ ~6¡D* g +* b<2 ¢~{1&*H f<b ~8 ¥v£+ h~z£DH $bBx1 Á(* hDbBH b +*¡/ ¢<ÌA < +b+ z£DH ¤ £A x J bE ¤ E IxJ &* E ¤pg~z£A v + ¯ 4b/ ¡G °H ¤ 0 g +* b@@<2 @S @. %°* ¤@@c@G3* @@+ Ñ* 4b@@+ @@ 6H&* b@@ @A b £g1&° bB bE b D bBH f~z£ + Ix ~|D* f A*¡E hDb A

vB ¥xQ O´* ¡< + l4b²* ex D* v£~6 &* ibJ*HxD* xCw D¡0 x D bB M EH bB F D £ A "Á2S ÌAN v0&* ¶(* d 1&* ÁHx-&* l4b@@²* b A ¤)b D* f@@.4b@@0 @@+ @@6H&* @@D £ A " *3 2É+ ¯ bK ~6H&* l4b²* ~8H b´H £D(* b + dG3* EÉ D K g£+ ¯ £ < bK £~9 0 ¤)b D* f.4b0 + @@6H&* b@@B b £+ d£0ÆD* 2bc- v + ¡< + l4bp D " + $b/ ¥wD* bE bK c:b1 h_/ l4b²* b A ¥v < D d£~|F ° ÉK )bB 6H&* 2xA 6H&* bE&* J µH x~|FbA 6H&* 24 E l4b²* &b/b bK c~9b= g/H5 ¢ < 1vA h£ F&* ¥w@@D* £~}D* *wG R @@EH " @ N @/4 bJ @N @DN bE D hDbB E kJv²* OP - µH bK Jx~6 -4bJ5 ¥xQ O´* ¡< + l4b²* ex D* v£~6 *3 b A RO " gAb£~9 ~zP « µ Db+ b A hDb A 0&* F&° b A "*wG £C hDb A bK c:b1 Á$b/ 6H&* b A " -b + oHy- &* vJx- G hDb A F bB

2zCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CG* 2 0 1 5 K&¸* £§CIfF |Cg CC M2

¢ < ~6&* Hv@@c@ JH @@D3 lHv@@p@+ $b@@Bv@@~@ 8&°* &b/b g£A ¶(* bK £Q B4 Hxpg ´* $°'¡@G 2¡ J ,ÌjC *¡@@0&* ¯H +b£= ¢ < ,4v D* v< dc~z+ D3H Ix1&* ib+b~zp+ -b g¸ ¤ BxD* 4bpgF°* &° gm´* *wG o4b1 ,b£²* E £T gD* &* ,x A d ~{J F(* ¤<b g/°* ~6¡D* ¯ 4bpgF°bC z£D Ix1&* bK ~8xA b c J + ,v@@0*H ,xE b.vpJ i¡@@´*H ,b£²* b ~7&°* ¡ - b§4H vJv/ E vD¡- ,xE C ¯ b F&bC ,2¡ D E "ib+b~z²* f£ ~|-" g£ ~z- Â b§ f<¡cgE f +b~zD* Ì £A D3 lHv0 ¯ bK cc~6 ~} + bC (* Í£ BxD* } + U F&* v g J JwD* $bBv~8&°* wpJH D f£~|s~{D* ,4¡~|D* h+b= k£0 g ¹ ¯ H45*'¡J µ JwD* H&* lv0 b £A Í Db~9 -b+bm<(* iÉ£m~z-H -b £ b -b£0 < y ´* b~zF(°* b £D(* i2b<&* f£CwD* b£/¡D¡ gD* (* b C b £D(* v - µ b DH b@ £A ÉK <b gE ¡ £D f£<b g/°* U 4b A&°* b D2bcJ ~6*¡0 + b E ~zJ ¤~9b´* ¯ bFv < b D2bcJH f@£Ab~|D* fcp´*H 8x²*H ,v@)b D* ¢ < fD*vD* @gDy< @@E b £D(* ox@@1 v D ,4*x@@ 0 f Avg´* z£~6b0&°* b» ,4*x@@E v~7&*H ,4¡ 1 È@@C&* f@£ B4 fDy< ¶(* fJv£ gD* E *K $y@@ / ib p D* @@E f ² ¯ $x D Hv@@c@J 3(* c~6 4¡~8 ~z+&* Hvc-H fJx~{cD* E *K $y@@/ z£DH bK £/¡D¡ gD* x~{cDb+ £« ¤gD* f£ £c D* l4*¡ D ¤ p D* £m~z- ¯ D3 ¶(* bK JQ x~|0 b jcJ ¢g0 eb~|<&* ibcj+ Jx1%°* 4b~}g0*H ¤ BxD* g¸

2zCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CG* 2 0 1 5 K&¸* £§CIfF |Cg CC M2

¤<b g/°* Eb gD* @@B*¡@@E v@@0&* ¢ < Í£ BxD* b -b Jv~8H b )bBv~8&* E (*H @D $K b@AHH bK cQ 0 }c J b c B b £+ ~|C b@@E + b Eb£B x@@ E&°* d b g¸ < d£ - b F(bA ,¡ B bm A ¢ < f +bg D 2¡ - @@. @@)b@@B2 ¤ BxD* b /HyD ,&*x@@´* hCx- DwCH -b D* b £+ xE&°* ¢ cJ DH f@£ BxD* gJx0 bK p~7xEH f£ BxD* f@Fb£s D bK p~7xE f-¡c ´* ,Ì D* ¡pg- Í0 b g~7ÉD . ibAÉs D b@ gA* . f@£G*xC ¶(* É ~{ E J¡1&°* v½ b§4H b@~| F* b £+ } cD* b ~} + @@E f~724vDb+ fDy D* h g1* ,4¡~|D* w + i*¡ 1 ~}+ b £+ ~8b D* ¤<b g/°* ~6¡D* ¯ d ~zO- ¤gD* f£~|s~{D* fJx²b+ f£ BxD* ¡ £ J ° bj´* £c~6 ¢ < b£g DbA ~6¡D* *wG fAb jD bK AH b £+ @£A ¡~{£ J ¥wD* ¤²* ¯ $b+x D* 4bc D* E ibB*v~8 U K b B4 £D(* HvcJ F&° ¤~9*ÆA°* gm´* ¯ bK JQ 2b< xE&°* HvcJ bK ~8bs~7&* *¡~z£DH bK EbB4&* D HvcJ GH *K Ì ~8 bK ~|s~7 z£DH *K 4bcC jG~ G* ¢H sK|»* bK <bc- x~{ JO b§ 6¡N D* v0 ¶(* ~|- ¤gD* fj£j²* f +bg´* (* b CH ¥x D*H ¥v~z±* b@@G4(°*H Db+ f+¡p~|E ¡ E oHx³* v½ bE ,2b< ¤<b g/°* ~6¡D* ¯ b²* ¡G £A ¥x© ¤ BxD* oxU g´* H&°* f£-%°* b ~7&°* wsgJ fDy D* IxO- &* ¯ fc=4 |s~{D* ¥vcJO ° DH c~6 b C f +bg´* H2 lvpJ bE ¢ < oxU g´* B¡E J 3(* Jx1%°* IvD 4b.%* fB*v~8 ibc : ¢ < f A*¡´* H&* £ gD* H&* ebm<(°* £m~z ~z D |s~{D* ¤ J £AH f@£ BxD* ,5b/(°* ÁbjD* ,vJv/ ÂH f£~z D* gDb0 d~zp+ ¡ - H&* x~| - vB f0*Æ~6* £ +bgEH )bBv~8&° f+bg Db+ H&* ,4¡~|Db+ D3 < JO &* d ~{+ *K 4*xB |s~{D* wsgJ £AH ¤ BxD* 4bpgF°* kDbjD* D3 < JO &* H2H bK Eb ¤ BxD* gm´* E +b~z0

b~|-* < f /b D* fDy D* pJ ¥wD* ~} c+ ¤@@~@ 9*Æ@@A°* gm´* 2*x@@ @A&* ¢ < f£CwD* -*¡ D* É1 E bK ~} + ,y /&°* É@@1 @@EH 8¡~|³* @@/H /H ¢ < b :b¿&* 2v g+ f£+¡~6b²* $b@@ @ .&* ¯ f@@Dy@@ @ D* w@@ G lv@@@«H b@@@< f£<b g/°* ibc~6b ´* ¯ 2x D* fC4b~{E ib£Db + gC4b~{E H&* b £D(* ¢<vJO ¤gD* g¸ @@1*2 4¡~}0 d g- Ix@@1&* ¤ B*¡D* « E|G* 6§G* ¢ < JO ¤<b g/°* ~6¡D* bC *3(* ~9 2x@@ @ D* £A {£ J ¥w@@ D* b@@ @ ´* ,2Hv¹ ¡ - vB 6b D* E f<¡ ¸ f £c DbC Ä@@ C&* ~zg- v@@BH ,x@@~@ 6&°b@@C @@D3 Ì@@=H f@@Jx@@ @Db@@C Ä@@C&b@ A ¤@U @ @²*H (b@A fCÆ~{E fAb . C ©H 2x D* £A {£ J ¥wD* ¤ BxD* ~6¡D* B*¡E ~9 xpgJ Í£F¡C 2*xA&* ~9 ¤~9*ÆA°* gm´ ,4Hb@@¸ h@@FÆ@@F(* *K 2xA ¡ J *w GH £A 2*vgE°* d gJH ¤<b g/* ~8*¡- @@B*¡@@E ~9 bK £Q B4 B*¡EH 4¡~|D* 2bc- B*¡EH Ix@@1&* ¯ ÈC&* vgE* b CH ibG¡Jv£ D* 2bc f£-¡~|D* i*x D* i2*25* ~6¡D* *wG < fDy D* hDb A f£ p D* i*v gD*H 2*xA&* Í+ f )b~7 ,xGb D* wG i4b~8 vBH ¤ B*¡D* g¸ 2x D* x ~{J ib g¸ b@@E&* b pc~8&* ¢g0 ¤ BxD* gm´* E f£Db< f/42 ¢ < h-b+ f£ BxD* ,b£²* &* b g +bgE ,È D d T ~{gD*H v£ gD* ¯ 2*xA&°* E fBÉ D* ¯ i*Ì - f£ BxD* fDy D* wG h.v0&*H Í+ fBÉ D* ¯ i*Ì -H ,4b~7(°* h c~6 b C ¤ B*¡D* g¸ g/H5 &b+ E'¡J /xDbA ,v0*¡D* ,x~6&°* 2*xA&*H Í/HyD*

f :b1 f<x~z+ ¤~9*ÆA°* g¸ ¯ lv²* v gD f@£ ² f£ p D* fDy D* - 5HbmgJ vBH ¤ B*¡D* gm´ ,2¡ D* . H&* ebm<(°* £m~z- b DÉ1 gJ fgB'¡E H&* ,x+b< fDy< ¶(* Ì~| D* £ gD* ¥w@@D* h@@B¡@@D* d~zp+ ,x@@+b@@ @D* f@@Dy@@ @D*H f£ p D* f@@Dy@@ @D* "f@£ BxD* fDy D*" f@£ ~z- b £ < F &* Â Bx g~z(2 0 ¶(* ¤¸ÄD* 4¡ g D *K x F Digital Insulation

2zCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CG* 2 0 1 5 K&¸* £§CIfF |Cg CC M2

H&* Ì g D f~9x * Í+ fBÉ D* < ~ x< ¢ c- b£/¡D¡ gD*H 2*xA& ~9x °* Í+ fB É É D* < O 4*x g~6b+ 4¡ g- f£/¡D¡ gD* ,y /&°* &° b £ < Jv gD* b~|-b+H b F¡Evsg~zJ b F¡Evsg~zJ JwD* 2*x@@A&°* f £c: b E Ì g-H E ox1O&* b~zF( b~zF(°* dG3 b J&* hFÆF(°b+ f£CwD* -*¡ D* ibc~6b ´b+ 4b~ 4b~{ b~{JO ibcA +b~zD* b E¡ § fDy D* $bBv~8&°*H *Ì±b+ <b g/* gpJH f£<b g/°* H *Ì±b+ bK £Q <b g/* gpJH f£<b g/ °* f/bp+ v J µH D* ¯ @ J µH D* ¯ @@)É@@E5H 4b@@ @´*H f@@~@7b@@~@7 b@b@@ @ @E&* l¡@@ @ @ @ D f@@J&* h@@-b@@+H e¡@@~@6b@@²* ¶(* Ì~{- f£-¡~8 ,x F f£-¡~¡~8 ,x F g¸ ¯ bE lv@ ¯ bE lv@@0 +bg£A ¤~9*ÆA°* ¤~9*ÆA°* ¤~ g+ 4b@@~@ {@ J ¡@@@GH ¯ ¡@@GH ib@ ib@@c@~@6b@@ @´* ¡GH r*x@@ A&°* i°b~ i°b~8 b~8 ¢g0 H&* $*y D* y D* i¡£+ ¯ ¢ < -x~6&&* E zDb/ ¡GH ¯ b DH b@ b@@ @ @ D* f@@DHb@@: fDy< iv@@/H&* ~z F hB¡D*

2zCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CG* 2 0 1 5 K&¸* £§CIfF |Cg CC M2

lv«H ~ ~{£ J ~{£ J ¥w@@D* @@B*¡@@D* < ~| JH ~| ,ÌcC fc~z + Internet Addiction hFÆF(°* b@@E2(* fm£gF fDy D* wG $b~}B ¯ ,vJ*ygE fp E fc=4" ¡GH bE&* » hBH ÄC&* $b~ b~}B ¯ ,vJ*ygE i*Ìj D ¤~z²* kpcD* E bK <<¡F ~8¡+ hFÆF(°* bc~7( * £ « v + ,vJv D* ib:b~{ D* H&* bc~ c~7(°* £ « v + ,v i*Ìj´* w + ¤ GwD* b ~{F°* < vD¡gJ i*Ìj´* w + ¤ GwD* *wG "ib:b~{ D* H&* A*vD*H Jx gD* *w K / b £B2 £D(* ¥2'¡´* < Ìc gD* ¯ *vQ / Íg +b~zD* Íg£ ~zgD* bC Í0 DH Í e¡~6b²* ,y@@ @/&b@+ ÉK ~|gE h@@FÆ@@F(°* fD¡ p´* e¡~6b²* ,y /&b+ H&* fg+bjD* * Ä< hFÆF(°b+ f ~|g´* v½ 3(* É~6& É °* Ä< gAx= ¯ bK JHy E |s~{D* Í E C4 ¯ H&* gAx= ¯ x JO b§ bK gE v@@½ H&* 0ÄJ b B "hFÆF(°* ¤Gb E" @@ + @@Cb@@E&* ¤@@GH "hF @@E *K x@@ @/&* ¢~9b g $b D 2*x@@ @ A&°* v+ ¤gD*H *vsg~6°* v - %°* i&*v+ bK _£~{A bK _£~7 b )b+5 ¤gD* ibp ~|´* (* b £A x@x@cS JO ¤g

« E4 $f D

á«ªbôdG ádõ©dG

e óª CG « GôHG .O

x-¡£c D* ,y /&*H É~6&°* É1 E ~|gJH ibFb£cD*H bK g¸ ~z D |s~{D* `~{ £D } cD* ~} c+ bGÌ=H x1%b+ H&* ~{+ f ~| E Ix1&* ,b£0 £A {£ J £ < bK E |s~{D* sJ g¸ ¡G H&* ,2bg ´* f£ £c D* ,b£²* < Jx: @@< @@Jx@@1%* 8bs~7&b+ Db~|-* É@@1 @@E ~z D Massenger xm ~6b´bC f gº b~|-* )b~6H E hFÆF(°* Twitter ÆJ¡-H Facebook ¡@@+ z£ D*H ibJvg ´*H ¤ £s- µb@@< @@1*2 £A {£ J Bloges f~8b³* ib@@FHv@@´*H

x~{D* ¯ f gº f£Ax E ¡ 0 ¯ l¡p+H ib~6*42 h £BO&* f £c: ¯ ¤<b g/°* ~8*¡gD* )b~6H x.&* f~6*4vD ex D*H wG &* ¶(* b £ / h ~8¡-H S @@D¡@@0 @@§ 2x@@ @D* b~|-* f£<b g/°* -bBÉ< h ~9&* H&* b~zF(°* hDy< )b~6¡D* f@£/¡D¡ gD* f@Dy D* b@ E ,2v gE ib£ ~z- hEvsOg~6*H Electronicf@£FHÆ D(°* f@Dy D*H Technology Isolation &*" ¡GH v0*H $¤~7 ¢ < v- Íg£ ~zgD* bg CH Isolation 4¡~|D* E Eb gJ g¸ + 8b1 g¸ ¯ |s~{D* {£ J

2zCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CG* 2 0 1 5 K&¸* £§CIfF |Cg CC M2

| | 7 7

ó«¡°ûdG s

¿ƒ`` ` CG ` «`` ` É`` É``°``ù` dG G É`` ` ` GOƒ`` ª`` ` ` G ô`` ` `°` `ü` `j ` ` ` ` ` ` ` `j ó G ` ` e ` `dG ô`` É`` ` dG É`` ` jCG Gó``«` °`` ` ` dG ` ` e É`` °`` GOƒ`` ` ` ` ¢ C’G ÜGô ôj e GOƒ`` ` `ª`` ` `°`` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` Gô`` ` ` ` ` ` ` ó`` jó`` ` `«` ` ` `μ`` d ó`` ` ` ` ` CG GOƒ °T ¿ƒ``μ`` » É ó eG Ée ` ` ` É`` ` ` G ` ` ` O »`` ` ` ` Gó« ©dG « ©dG ó``dÉ`` G É`` `e ƒ`` ` Oô`` ` ` dG ` ` ` ` j O É`` ` ` e Gó``«` ¿CG ` ` ¢`` ` C’G OÉ`` ` ` °``T ` ` ` ` ƒ`` ` É`` ` ` ` ` GOƒ`` ` G °SG ` eÉ°ù

2zCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CG* 2 0 1 5 K&¸* £§CIfF |Cg CC M2

GÉ

É``ª``«` ` ƒ`` ` ¿CG ` ` dG ` ª`` Gó`` «` ` ` `°`` T É`` ` eô`` ` μ`` ` e G ` ` ` `j ` ` ` ` ó ôdG © ©d ° dG ¿ƒ« ` ` ` dG ` °` ü` Gó``«` ` ` ` ` ` Gƒ`` É`è ` ` ` dG ô`` ` ` ` G É`` ` ` jCG Gó``jó`` ` °`` É`` °`` S É`` É``ª`` ` °``T ` è É`` ` ` ` e ` ` ` e ` ` ` ª`` Gó``jó`` É``ª`` ¿É`è ` dG ô`` CÉ` ` ¢ «eƒ ` ƒ``dG èƒ`` Gó``jó`` G ó``jó`` G É`` Éª « eÉ°ù É`` É``°``T Oƒ`` `dÉ`` ` ` GOƒ`` ` ` ` ©`` °`` ` e G É`` ` ` ` ` ` ` É`` ƒ``ª``°``T É`` «`` G ` ` Gƒ`` dG É`` ` jCG Gó«°ü dG Oƒª°üdG É`` ` ` `HCG É`` ` ` ô`` ` `dG ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` èCG GOƒ`` °`` SCG G ` ` ` ` dG ó`` ` ` ` G ` `

2zCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CG* 2 0 1 5 K&¸* £§CIfF |Cg CC M2

äGQÉeE’G ádhód »eÉæàdG ‘ IòNB’G á«aÉ≤ãdG áªYÉædG Iƒ≤dG ô°UÉæY øe á«eÓYE’G äGhOC’G ∂dòch ÒμØàdG ∑ƒæH hCG õcGôe

z£~6&bgD f£´b D* i*2*y@@´* 4H2 E vJv D* ¤ ~6 F *R w DH bGÌ=H f£´b D* "y£g~zJxC 4*2" jE ¤+2 ¯ b D 4¡~}0 HxA ib£Db D* @@E f£Eb gE f@@Bb@@+ i*4b@@ @E(°* f@@DH2 £~}g~z-H "fB4b~{D* ·b £+" b £A b§ Ix@@1&°* f£Ab jD* i*42b@@c@´*H ¤+2 b/x E"H "f£ £~6É D* ¢ £~6¡ D ¤c;¡+&* b/x E"H ."¤)b £~zD* ¤c;¡+&* b/x E"H "·HvD* ¤)b £~zD* fDHvD ¤Eb gD* ¯ ,w1%°* f£Ab jD* f <b D* ,¡ D* x~8b < EH f£EÉ<(°* i*H2&°* DwCH Ì gD* ¡ + H&* yC*xE i*4bE(°* ¥¡ ~zD* "2b«°* Ivg E" Ì gD* ¡ + H&* yC*xE G&* EH yCxEH f£+x D* fAbp~|D* i*x@@'¡@ E v@@)*4 qc~8&* ¥w@@D* z~6&b- ¥wD* f£m£-*Æ~6°* l¡pcD*H ib~6*4v D i*4b@@E(°* @@-*Hv@@FH @@-*x@@'¡@§ ÉK A &°* y@@Cx@@´* qc~|£D 1994 b@@< c g~z´* yCxEH ib~6*4v D n£ ³* yCxEH -*4¡~{ EH *x²* ¯ b Gb~zJ JwQ D* fEv g´* ib~6*4vD*H lbp+&ÉD f gs´* b -b£Db AH b -*4*v~8(b+ f@@DHv@@D* ¯ ¯b jD* bK £m£-*Æ~6* ¢ g E v J ¥wD* ib~6b£~z D i*4bE(°* yCxEH $*Ä@@³*H Jx ´* E fcsF x~}pJ ¤c;¡+&* ¯ bK J¡ ~6 ¡0 f@@DH2 40 ¡pF E ib~6b£~zD* b ~8H Í£m£-*Æ~6°* "f£~6bE¡ +vD* i*4b@@E(°* f£Â2bC&*" z£~6&b- ® b C µb D* ¡ gDH c g~z´* ¤£~6bE¡ +2 i*4b E ~|D 2014 b< h ~6H ¤~6bE¡ +vD* dJ4vgD*H kpcD* ¯ *K v)*4 bK £´b< *K yCxE f£Â2bC&°* ¯ D i*Ä³* ~}A&* eb g~6* ¶(* fDHvD* d~| E ¶¡g£~6 ¥w@@D* " ¡£D ¡ J24bFx+" ~6&*4 ¢ <H b D* x@@1*H&* ¯ f£»&°* g E $b gF* v + b D* bGxJvE ¥4b±* %13 @@E È@@C&* i*4b@@@E(°* f@@DH2 @@E kcJ @@D3 ¢ < ,HÉ@@< IÄC fDHvD* £~}g~z- b C f£+x D* f£)b~} D* i*¡ D* E 5¡£F ¥b ~6H (* (* ¤~6 jE f£DHvD*H f£+x D* ib£)b~} D* £A*x=¡£/ bF¡£~7bFH f£+x D*H f£+x< . EH i*4b@@E(°* fDHvD f£Ab jD* i*4v ´* ¤Eb - I2&* vBH ¯ *wG v~zmgJH f£DHvD* b gFb E yJy - ¶(* f <b D* b -¡B 9x E jE IÄ D* f£´b D* ib£Db Q D* fAb~}g~6° bG4b£g1* fDbC¡D* f£DHvD* ib D *K x E bG4b£g1*H 2020 ¡c~zC(* E ¶H&°* ¤G fM +b~6 ¯ b JxJ%* ,2vmg´* fBb D f£DHvD* f£+¡ / fDHvD b <¡F

2zCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CG* 2 0 1 5 K&¸* £§CIfF |Cg CC M2

fJx A É F* f~| E iv= i*4bE(°* fDH2 Q &* Dw+ ~|gJH E ¤EÉ~6(°*H ¤+x D* µb D* ¯ fAx g´* 4b A&°* f+4bp´ ¢ < b g~z~6&*H b + i42b+ ¤gD* f£DHvD* y£ gD* yC*xE É1 4*¡@@²*H dJ4vg D "fJ*vG" yCxE b gEv E ¯H b@@ @~@94&* yCxE ¡@@GH £ D* x gD* fpAb E b@@¸ ¯ l¡pcD*H yCxE"H 2012 b@@< z~6&b- *x@@ :&°* 2v gE ·H2 y£ ¯ x g D ¥v~|g D 2015 ¡£D¡J ¯ z~6&b- ¥wD* "e*¡~8 b D* w E i*4bE(°* fDH2 £~}g~z- b C ÁHÆ D(°* $b~} D* ¥wD* "f ~z´* ib gm´* ¯ ~zD* yJy -" Ivg E 2014 x gD* f/¡E f /*¡EH ¤ JvD* eb ³* vJv© ¶(* ¢ ~zJ $b 0 z ¸"H ¤EÉ~6(°* µb D* $bpF&* ¯ f£ )b D* f g D*H fAb . yJy - v + Ivg ´* < }s ¥w@@D* "Í ~z´* f_:b³* £Gb ´* q£p~|-H f ~z´* ib gm´* ¯ ~zD* bG4*v~8(* Hx~7H IHbg D* 4H2H 2b ±b+ f g´* fDH2 b £~}g~z-H b - ¤gD* f£Ab jD* ib£Db Q D* £~}O-H ib£Db Q D* wG G&* EH f <b D* b -¡B 42b~|E ¶(* i*4bE(°* f.É. G&* v0&* qc~8&* ¥wD* ebg D ·HvD* fB4b~{D* 9x E f +*xD* @@-4H2 4*H5 2v< +H µb D* I¡g~zE ¢ < 94b E 0H x)*5 D&* 227H ¡£ E E ÈC&* b D* *R wG Í.ÉjD*H ¤gD* ib£~zE&°*H i*x~9bp´*H i*Hv Db+ ¯b jD* ¸bFx+ ÍE2b D* Jx ´*H Í j´*H ebQg D* E fcsF b £A 4b~7 ¤c;¡+&* 9x E ¢ g0* f ~8b D* ¯H µb D* H2 gº E ¯ 25 D* @@-4H2 É F* E ¤~} D* £+¡£Db+ ebg D ·Hv@@D* 9x E Äg JO ¥wD* 9x ´* d g~6*H ¤~9b´* ¡JbE x ~7 ¡£ E @@+4 E ex J bE f ´* ¯ *K ¡@@¿ x@@~@6&°* ebg D* "e*2%ÉD i*4bE(°* *Ì: b/x E" < kJv²* H2 x)*5 f+¡g ´* f D ~6H&°* x~{D* ¯ b/x E ÄC&* jÂ ¥wD* ,$Hx ´*H f£ D* ib£Db D* E x~8b ´* "¤+2 i4%*" 9x E v J b C ¤Eb g´* ¯b jD* v ~{ D nJHÆD* ¯ ~zO- ¤gD* f ´* f£´b D* f E ¯ 9x D* i°b~8 bK ~}J&* b GH i*4b@@E(°* fDH2 ¯ yC*x´* v0&* ¶(* bK £mJ4v- ¡pg- ¤gD*H ¤+v+ f£<b ~|D* 5¡ D* ,4b~7(°* Â 8¡~|³* *wG ¯H x~8b ´* D ,vJv±* ¤ g EH 4bmgDH f£ D* ib~z~6'¡ D f E f /¡C ¤+2 5Hx+ ¶(* x~8b ´* ¤´b D* Db+ Í g ´* £ /H fJx.&°*H f£ D* b <&°*

bGv~| - f.*v²*H fDb~8&°* Í+ oH*yJ *K 54b@@+ bK £Ab . bK c B ibAb jD* qBÉgD bK Fb E A z£DH f£ D*H f£Ab jD* f )*wD* 0bg´* z£~6&b- É1 E l*ÆD* ¢ < f Abp´* dFb/ ¶(bA fDH'¡~z´* f£Ab jD* ib_£ D*H f£ :¡D* f ~74&°*H lbp+&°* yC*xEH ib Eb±*H 0bg´* ewm+ fDHvD* hEbB ¡ D*H fAb jD* < xA¡ D* jE ,Ì ~7 f£´b< 0bgE b~}g0* 5ÄJ b GH f£´b D* f Eb/H ¡+4¡~zD* f Eb/ jE IÄC ib£Â2bC&*H Ãb =¡=H f Eb±*H fJv D* f Eb±*H f£ JxE&°* f Eb±*H 4¡J¡£F E v+°H bGÌ=H f£D*Æ~6°* F¡ F¡DH f Eb/H f£Fb JÄD* ¥wD* É D* ¯b jD* Hx~{´* ¶(* b ´* *wG ¯ ,4b~7(°* 27 f0b~zE ¢ < vg ¤gD* ibJv ~zD* ,xJy/ ~}g« ,y£» f£Ab . ib~z~6'¡E h~6 E D&bgJH – bK +xE *K ÆE¡ £C ¤´b< pgE H&* v JO ¥w@@D* ¤@@c@;¡@@+&* x@@A¡@@D pgE ¤@@G pgEH ¤ :¡D* v@@J*5 t£~{D* pgEH ¤+x D* µb@@ @D* ¯ pgE ¶(* fAb~9(°b+ k@@Jv@@²* D ¤c;¡+&* Ãb =¡= 4¡J¡£F f Eb± x@@AH f@@£@ )*2&°* ¡ D y@@Cx@@EH ¥x@@p@+ ¡~6 ÍE2b D* ÍEb D* É1 Hx~{´* *wG g J bEv <H *K x~z/ Q ~{O- f£´b< f£0b£~6 f /H ibJv ~zD* ,xJy/ qc~| ¤+x D*H ¤+x D* Í´b D* Í+ bK J4b~}0H bK £Ab .

f£Ab jD* ibAÉg1°* dc~z+ HvD* H&* x~{cD* Í+ *v~|D* H&* ¤-*4bE(°* o3¡ D* v JO x1%* ¢ §H b E f£ JvD* b £~6°H ¤gD* ibAb jD* H&* i*4b~}²* *v~8 f0Hx:&° bK £ < *K v£ ib£ £ ~z- ¯ " ¡gm g G J¡ ~8" ¤ JxE&°* k0bcD* b + bB ib<*x~|D* &* 6b~6&* ¢ < } - ¤gD*H x~| ´* x D* dc~z+ Dv g~6 ,24b@@c@ D* ex@@²* v + bE µb@@< ¯ f£DHvD* ib JbcgD* f~8b1 f ~|+H fJ4b~}²*H f£Ab jD* ibAÉg1°* f£ JvD* ¤ JvD*H ¤Bx D* ¡ gD* ¶(* f /¡´* i*vJv gD* hFbC *3(*H E&°* /*¡- ¤gD* ibJvpgD* G* v0&* bK £Db0 ~{- ¤ )b D*H 42b~|D* "t£~{D* x~7 É<(*" Æ<* b C ¤+x D* ¤E¡ D* HvDb+ 4vmJ FQ (bA ¤~9b´* 64bE ¯ 26@D* f£+x D* f D* < f Abp´* ¯ ¤-*4bE(°* o3¡ D* E ,2bA(°* f£+x D* e¡ ~{D*H Í+ Áb~zF(°* qEb~zgD*H ¤ ~zD* {Jb gD*H ¯b jD* ¡ gD* ¢ < ,2b£~6 E M4b:(* ¯ f gs´* ib£ .(°*H ibAb jD*H i*4b~}²* ¡Fb D* 4¡p´* 4H2 i*4b@@E(°* fDH2 ~{- Í~64*vD* E 2v D M bK AHH ib~z~6'¡´*H ibAb jD*H HvD* gº Í+ ~|J ¥wD* ¤´b D* ¤c;¡+&* b g ~8b< / ¶(* g-H f gs´* µb D* $bpF&* ¯

2zCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CG* 2 0 1 5 K&¸* £§CIfF |Cg CC M2

HvD* ÈC&* g 0 bE .bÂ b§ f£gpgD* f£ cD* yJy -H f£´b D* O ex D* ¯ bK £B4 ¯b jD* ¡ gD* ¢ < f Abp´* ¯ bK /3¡¿ i*4bE(°* v O- b C i*4b~}²* Í+ ¤ ~zD* {Jb gD* ¯H 4b jg~6*H ¤Bx D*H ¤@@-*4b@@E(°* Áb~zF(°* qEb~zgD* o3¡@@¿ }0vJH f gs´* ¤gD* f£EÉ~6(°* ,4b~}²* ¯ D¡~8&* vmJ £~8&* o3¡¿ ¡GH *x~|D* i°b g0* b £A *x<&°*H p D*H ´* ¡ g+ ¤ g«

2zCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CG* 2 0 1 5 K&¸* £§CIfF |Cg CC M2

zCb EH ex ~}E ¤ £ B(* £¹ ~6H ¯ h<b g~6* M E ,x~8b ´*H fDb~8&°* Í+ oH*y- fJx~|< f£FvE fDH2 $b + f.*v²*H l*Æ@@D* Í+ -v/H&* ¥w@@D* x gc´* £A¡gD* É1 l*ÆD*H f£ :¡D* fAb jD* fJb<4 ¢ < fDHvD* ,2b£B h < v A v/b~z´* $b cD *K ÌcC bK Eb gG* h <&*H ¤EÉ~6(°*H ¤+x D* ib~z~6'¡´* xJ¡ - ¯ *K v£ + bK :¡~7 h 1 ~z F hB¡D* ¯H ÌJb D bK AH 2b~|gB°b+ 9¡ D*H fjJv0 f£FvE z~6&* ¢ <

jM| D fª:&* »bƒ°SódG øÁCG .O G Ée’G d O ôª °ù 44`dG » ƒdG ƒ«dG ƒ e ª É dG É ƒ d OÉ°üe ª Gôe ó G «Hô©dG ª É dG ƒ dG » Éª . « É dG É G ó e Éª«°S’ ø G É`` `e É`` `«` ` É`` ` `dG ` `°`ù` ` «` ` d ó`` ` d ƒ° °ù É O « G Ée’G « É dG G ó G «d ódG É Éμe É G É G G Ée’G d O

H&* ,v ~|D* ,¡ D* i*H2&* eb~z0 ¢ < bG4H2 v<b~|gJH ¡£D* fJ2b~|gB°*H fJx ~z D* i*H2&°* ¢ < v g - ¤gD* f ~{³* ,¡ D* E d D* ¯ fAb jD* -H fDHvD* *v@@G&* £ « ¯ ~8 ¯ f£Ab jD* 42b~|´* f£ G&* vJ*yg-H fDHv D f <b D* b -4*H bGÌ.&b- ,2b@@J5H µb D* ¯ fDHv D f£+bmJ(* ,4¡~8 f£DHvD* b gFb E f£~6b£~zD* b -2b£B Q &* v½ i*4b@@E(°* fDH2 ¶(* b gF* *3(*H

áaÉ≤ãdG áªYÉædG Iƒ≤dGh zkÉLPƒ‰ äGQÉeE’G{

*v@@ G&°* £ « ¢ < ,4v@@ @ D* ¶(* f <b D* ,¡@@ @ D* Ì~{O <b B(*H gDb g~6*H Jx1%°* ew/ É1 E ,¡/x´* i*4v D* ¢ < ,¡ D* E D* *wG v g JH *vG&°* ,v0¡+ fDHvD* b g ¤gD* f@@£@EÉ@@<(°*H f£Ab jD*H f£~6bE¡ +vD* f£+3b/H b +bg- ¤gD* f£/4b³* ib~6b£~zD* f£<x~7 H&* fD*v<H ¯H ·Hv@@D* obEvF°* ¢ < b -4vBH 0x - ¥wD* o3¡ D* µb< ¯ f£ G&°* E *K vJyE f <b D* ,¡ D* d~zg - f £ ²*

2zCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CG* 2 0 1 5 K&¸* £§CIfF |Cg CC M2

¡ cJH É g~6°* f ~7 ¡ pJH *Hv@@ @D* Hv~|J @@GH ¤GH -b£p+ ¡p~}J ¥wD* ebc~{D* $°'¡@G f+Hx D* rx~8 /&* E 0*H4&* ¡DwcJ F&* ¡C4vJ f£GbA4H $b14 ,b£0 + Í g~zJ °H Hv@@< G2v J ° b@@E&b@+ c ~7 {£ J &* bK <bA2 ,2b ~{D* &b+ ¡ E'¡J JwD* vJ*5 $b +&* $°'¡@G vBb0 Í Jv~|D*H Í£c D* d-*xE ¶(* Ax- fEx E b:H&°* < bE *¡Bv~8 b/4 F*¡~9x+ ¡ J Ñ* v < $b£0&* £ c-H £ < Ñ* *HvGb< + f £ 1 t£~{D* ¡ ~zD* d0b~8 ,2b£ + i*4b@@E(°* hEvB v D Âv - ¤ c J bE C i*4bE(°* b 0 )b ~7&*H b£ F %* vJ*5 $b ~7&°* E h <H £D* ¯ f £ D* ex²* v<b~|- d mgD ¤~6b£~6 0 ¢ < µb D* ¯ $bBv~8&°* EH n£ ³* H2 ¯ b m£ 1 ¢ <H b gE&* ¢ < JvBb²* D bK £ / $bEvD* pJ v<¡D*H v D* *¡Fb1H *Hv D* ¢ < *Hx~8&* f~8bs+ ¤+x D* y²* f ~8b< E v+° b A £ ~{D* £D* d ~{+ *¡Fb g~6*H ¢ < n£ ³* H2 ,4vB v£ g~z-H ¤ £D* b c ~{D E&°* v£ - ¤C bAvD*H &*ymgJ ° n£ ³* E&* &° Æ~{´* bAvD* v£~z© £A 22x- ° ¤ :H d/*H < G&* J ¤C -b£p+ ¡p~}J JwD* $*v ~{ D ¢+¡: f ´* ¯H i*4b@@ E(°* ¯ fp ~z´* i*¡ D f£«H b@@E&°b@@+ £ ~{D* £D* d ~7 I¡B ¯H b )b 0H fJ2¡ ~zD* f£+x D* É~zD*H E&°b+ J ¤C -b J ¥wD* ¯ $b D* f B c- ¤GH f£ p ´* i*4bE(°* fDH2 ,Ì~z´ ¢+¡: $*v D* ,H43

2zCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CG* 2 0 1 5 K&¸* £§CIfF |Cg CC M2

BH ¶(* ¤ ~zD* EH fJH2&°*H b D*H b´* Ãv - E bK Jx~6 ,H43 ¶(* ~8H s~9&* $b < ¶(* ~zD* t£~6x-H vD* JyF < bK <bA2 r*H4&°*H vD* Ãv - &*v+ Í0 f£Eb~zD* *43 E b £A f£<x~{D* h gF* Í0 b c ~7 E&* <H £D* 4*x g~6* $b D* *wG $b/ vBH Í Eb D* v£+ ¡B¡D* x 1 ¯ h-b+H bK E*ygD* i*4bE(°* d ~7 $b < ¡C < bK p~9*H *K Ìc - ¢ ~6&°* b c g~zEH b E&* < bK E4b~8 bK <bA2H fE&°* £ + bK £)vcE f £ ~7 e¡ ~{D i*4bE(°* $b < < kJv²* ¯ ¤GbcF b C v D Hv ~8 (* b J bCH b´b+ i*4bE(°* fDH2 b <v- f Jv~8H ¡ D* v - f~z~6'¡E 5x+&* ib+ bjEH o3¡¿ *wGH ¤c;¡+&* ¶(* E ,v£ g~z´* HvD* 2v< ~8H ¢g0 ¤´b< v£ ~8 ¢ < i&*¡c- i*4bE(°* fDH2 (* f£DHvD* xJ4b gD* hDbBH fDH2 70 ¡pF µb D* H2 ÈC&bC C µb D* ¯ ¶H&°* fc-x´* 2014 b@@< f£.b=(°*H f£/4b³* i*v<b~z´* q E b¸ ¯ $b < gpJ ib+ b gEbs~9 ¢ < fJ2b´* i*v<b~z´* < kJv²* D w+ ¶(* b´* w+ E i*4bE(°* h gF* &* v + f£FbjD* f/4vD* iv~z/ $*v D* ¶(* $b D* E IÄC f£<¡F f F w A rHxD* $°H&* GbGH rHxD* Ãv - 2b J $¤~7 ÉA v~|D* ,Ì~zE J2b£E ¶(* fp ~z´* b -*¡B ¯ ¡ +b~zgJ i*4b@@E(°* ebc~7 HbpJ ¤gD* f£+¡ ±* f+*¡cD* ¤GH £D* < bK <bA2 x~{D* n£ ³* H2 b£ + Ãv gD b DÉ1 E *HÄ J &* fE&°* $*v<&* _DH&* 2b 0&* G i*4b@@E(°* bc~7H £ < ,x £~z DH ¤+x D* _DH&* 4¡~| D* xE ¢ < ,*y D* *H2x: JwD* 4*x+&°* 2*v/&°* n£ ³* b£§ h/ygE* ¤gD* ,xGb D* G$bE2 *¡EvB JwD*

2zCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CG* 2 0 1 5 K&¸* £§CIfF |Cg CC M2

µb D* ¯ Í/bgp´* < b g£DH'¡~zE 4v- b )2bcE f£Fb~zF(*H H&* f £c D* l4*¡ D ¡~9x gJ JwD* _DH&* f~8bs+H C 9x´*H ¡±*H x D* H&* D*H ib<*y D* bJbp~9 ¡F¡ J µb D* ¯ fDH2 137 ¡pF f£-*4bE(°* i*v<b~z´* h ~7 vBH C ¯ ,x~9b0 f@@£@-*4b@@E(°* x@@ @0&°* É@@ @D* f_£G h-b+ b C fDH2 hFbCH 3b F(* H&* ,v<b~zE ¶(* 6b D* £A obgpJ b E p´* /*¡- Í0 ex D* $b ~7&°* E ,¡ + - i*4bE(°* i*4bE(°* d ~7 b EvB ¤gD* i*v<b~z´* m0 < J v0&* °H ¢ pJ bE f£ G&* < F °H Áb c D*H ¤ £ ~z D* d ~{ D £AH i*4b@@E(°* ÁbjD* Gv + ¯ Ãx - E ¡J4¡~zD* + b £D(* *H'¡@± E £AH b ~z£~6&b- fJ*v+ w E b £A £ J E E i*4bE(°* B¡E &* ¢~z F ° pFH f G*xD* b -b~6&bE v + vgE* D f£.b=(°* i*v<b~z´* Ãv g+ &*v+ f£ £D* f£~} D*

2zCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CG* 2 0 1 5 K&¸* £§CIfF |Cg CC M2

Hx1%°* J b C v0H D* ,Hx. ¯ z£DH b~zF(°* $b + £ « E g- µ b D D* ,Hx. g fDH2 E A fJb<xD*H fJb D* 0 b~zF(°b+ - µ b F&° `Ab E 9¡ F tJ4b- µb E E bK E ib+ ¥wD* $b D* ,Ì~zE xCwF Í0H ° Ãx D* b c ~7H i*4bE(°* ,2bB &* 4vF G*xD* i*4bE(°* a2bcE Hv~zmJ $b D* ¯ A v0&* ¢ < f E D3 HxCwJ 4b~8 ¢g0 b < lvpgJ C µb D* ib+H b + ¡ ~z gJ bK £BH Áb~zF(°* D bK E¡J *x. Ñ* d£: vJ*5 t£~{D* £04 ¡J $b D* &*vc´ bK s£~6x-H *xCwD $b£0(* fJx~{cD* h / f£Fb~zF(* i*42bc§ i*4b@@E(°* fDH2 hEbB v D Áb~zF(°* v cD* w D xJv -H É/(b+ 4HvD* *wG ¶(* x - b C ~}- µH b -*3 ¢ < ` - µ i*4bE(°* fDH2 &* *3 y£ g´* b J2 A*Hv+ ¤ A @@Jx@@1%°* ¢ < Ì1 E Ñ* bGbc0 b§

¡G bK ~8É1(*H bK Bv~8H bK c0 i&ÉgE* ¤gD* e¡ D* rbg E bC x D*H 2¡±* + ~8¡J bE ¡ J 2Hv0 É+ $b < $b D* e¡ ~7 ¶(* vgE* + i*4b@@E(°* d ~7 ¢ < x~|g J µ $b < ¯ bGv g - &* ~7¡- f@@+b@@04 i*4b@@ @E(°* ¯ iv@@/H ,v£ + &* i2bC ¢g0 f£s~zD* i*4b@@E(°* ,v)bE ivgE* v D b F*v + J4b~{E ¢ < ¡~|p D +b~zg- f£ D* HvDbA C µb D* ~{ b )b +&* E ÌjC ¢ ~zJ f02b D* e¡ ~{D*H i*4bE(°* ¯ fJ¡ b g~8xA v© ,42b D* i*$b D*H i*4b@@E(°* f@@DH2 ¯ D vJ vgH $b D* Ä JH i*4bE(°* fDH2 ¯ b -b0b½ £ pgD e¡ ~{D* ¢ < i*4bE(°* b 0 ~}J °H obg¹ C ¶(* Ì³* H&* b Bx< H&* b J2 ¶(* x D* H2 ,v<b~z´* v£D f/bgp´* e¡ ~7 E ¡ g J F&* i*4bE(°* ,2bB d~zpA b -b£~8¡~|1 ¯ -Hx. *Hv/H JwD* GH fc0xD* f£Fb~zF(°* ¶(* 94&°*

&* v + f p E b g£ ~z- v g J *K v0&* ;&* bEH f p ´* i&*v+H b +¡ ~7H IÄ D* ¼&°* £D(* g- *K 2x gE bK /3¡¿&* i4b~8 f_~7b D* fDHvD* wG h £C f14b~|D* b g _~6&* rx - ¤GH ® £CH ",Ì~| D* f£ EyD* ,v´* wG ¯ b g~} F £ « E ""bK £´b< *K v~| E h-b+ ¢g0 {GvE e&*v+ tEb~{D* bG'Hb + hFbC $b cD* ¯ ¤ p ´* rbm D* *wG ¯ x~zD* f C &* d~z0&*H v<H sJ °H c ~7 v~|J ¥wD* Cb²bA v~|D*

f . ¯ E Ì~zD* ¶(* c ~7 _ £A f²b~|D* ,Hv D* ¡ J hFbCH *K 4b / bK p~9*H *v+ vBH v D* £ pgD ibc.H f E D*H ¡ D* ¯ v~|D* ¤G Ñ* 04 vJ*5 t£~{D* fJyE ¶(* _ - ,v0*H ,x~6&* Eb 0H i*4bE(°* d ~7 / bE *wGH fcp´* ¢ < ¡ J $b + ÍgE vJv/ $b + ¶(* b + ¤~}Â *4 e&* 8É1(°b+ *2yJH

123 40

2zCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CG* 2 02 01 1 5 K&¸* £§CIfF |Cg CC M2

EÉ0&* ~6xJ n£ ³* ¤g ~9 ¢ < ,4¡j ´*H bc±* r¡ ~6 ²* b E xpgJH xpg- bE4 ¢ < b~| + ¶(* obgpJ Ñ* 04 v@@J*5 t£~{D* ~64 ¥w@@D* ²* b@@C v<b~6 vBH pgJ ¤C fc ~8 f £gE ,2*4(*H £ ~|-H Ä~8 ²* *wG FHx:b~{J i*4bE(°* b 0 &* ²* £ « ¢ < ,¡B 2b«°* &* ¡C4vJH

2zCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CG* 2 0 1 5 K&¸* £§CIfF |Cg CC M2

E oxs-H 5¡ C E b )b +&° `cs- b§ ¤0¡- 94&°* hFbC F&* 6b D* ~{gC* bE b<x~6 ¡ D* 2¡~6&* bK /yD ÉK )b~6 b A¡/ ¢E*v D* 2*v@@/&°* _DH&° x sJ µ b§4H + $b~}g~zJ hJ5 2ÉcD* ,Hx. ¡ £~6 F&* JwD* w D 4bcD* +°* *x@@. Ñ* d£: b£ F %* vJ*5 t£~{D* bC v <H bExD* ¯ fF¡Av´* fgEb~|D* ,4b~}²* w DH @@94&°*

ï«°ûdG ¬ª°SQ …òdG º∏◊G ¿Éc È°U ¤EG êÉàëj ¬∏dG ¬ªMQ ójGR áÑ∏°U áæ«àe IOGQEGh º«ª°üJh √óYÉ°S óbh ,≥≤ëàj »c ΩÉμM ¿CG ,º∏◊G ≥«≤– ≈∏Y ,º∏◊G Gòg ¬fhôWÉ°ûj äGQÉeE’G Iƒb OÉ–’G ¿CG ¿ƒcQójh

*K ÌjC tJ4bgD* ¥¡ JH b< °%* f +4&* ¶(* b ´* ,xC*w+ 2¡ gD cB bE C dm£A É~6(°* x J Í0 Í~z~6'¡´* ibJb 0 E *¡FbC bK £F*v/H ¢ E £A *Hv/H vBH Bb g<* ¶(* 6b D* x JH ° £CH `D&Ég´* xG¡± bK +b £g~6*H f DH *K x A D Í G'¡E b <&* ¯ `@@D%É@D* ¢ < ¡j0bcD* @@GH xG¡/ £A HvmJ 4bpcD*

f+Hx D* 94&* ¤+x D*H ¤Bx~{D* £cFb/ ¢ < `:b~{D* *wG bC °%* f ~z- IvE ¢ < b -b£ © $v+ tJ4bgD* x J 2b J ° ¤gD* `E¡J b ~} + D bExD* b ~z - fJx.&°* vG*¡~{DbA b< x~| D* @@E bG4¡~}0H ¥x@@m@²* x~| D* @@E b@@G5Hx@@+ ¶(* c/ ¯ b< °%* f~z 1 ¡pF ¶(* b ~} + 2¡ JH ¥yFHÄD* 4b D* &* ¯ ibAb~{gC°* ¶*¡g- . q E&°* c/ ¯H h£ 0

2zCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CG* 2 0 1 5 K&¸* £§CIfF |Cg CC M2

2zCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CG* 2 0 1 5 K&¸* £§CIfF |Cg CC M2 * £§CIfF |Cg CC M2

jM| D fª:&*

äGQÉeE’G IÒ°ùe AGóØdG ¤EG AÉ£©dG øe ÉZZBG ¿É°ù©©f ¢VÉjQ .OO G Ée ¿ƒª ©j É GC øμj É QGô°SCÉC H ƒ « G É °V μ G jOÉ dG Gô °üdG øμ ¿É°É°üZC’G QÉ °TC’G É É° eÉ°ù É Ò°ü ¿CG j ó`` G ` Q ÒZ øμj É`` Q É ƒ ƒdƒd ø ¿ƒ j ô dG Éª CG ¿ƒ° ƒ° ƒ j É G ø ¢SÉ dG É « j » dG ° G ¢VQC ¢ G » ..¿É C’G ¿ƒ QGƒ j ¢¢VQC’G É° ¢ «©dGG °T øe ZôdGG ª©f ÉbóZ « dG ô °T ¿ ôj ô É« G Gƒ ª fCG «eÉ°S «b QÉ e É ƒ © É Hó GQÉ° G Gƒ©© ° fÉC H ¿ ô j « ó©HH « É . Gƒ d ª°ùdG «°«°ü «d ƒfô É«°°SB Üƒ©° ©°T © Éªª°S É É«fOO G ƒ ª ô° dG dÉ°SôôdG

2zCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CG* 2 0 1 5 K&¸* £§CIfF |Cg CC M2

b +&°* $°'¡G bjE&* 2¡/¡+ F&* 4vFH ¤<b g/°*H ¥¡ gD*H i*4bE(°* $b +&* v<*¡~6 D v gD* *wG CH i*ym ´* wG (bA ²* 2¡~6&*H fD*v D* 4¡ ~8 < 2Hw-H £ « vJy´* i*4bE(°* d ~7H b -2bBH bF2ÉcDH bF$*v ~7 Ñ* 04 v gD* E

2zCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CG* 2 0 1 5 K&¸* £§CIfF |Cg CC M2

h A4H £c~6 ¯ $bEvD* h~|14&*H /&* E rHxD* hDw+ 4vF ib D* w + " c ~{D bK F*¡ < vm´*H xs D*H f@@J*4 E fcC¡C b© i*4bE(°* d ~7 IvDH b -2bB IvD $bA¡D* m0 bF2ÉcD vJv/ v <H ,vJv/ fc 0 É A ¤GH ,4ÄD* $b +&°* ¤ £ gD*H f£F*x D* 4¡ gD*H fJ4b~}²* i*5b½(°* o¡gF £A

jM| D fª:&*

¡ - ¤gD*H 2*v/&°*H $b+%°* l4(*H b J2 E ,v g~zE fJx ~z< b~}J&*H ¥vg ´* v~9 y/b D* fJb 0H £ ~}D* ,v½ ¢ < ib cD E z~6&b- ¥wD* {£±* *wG ¡Fb D*H f£<x~{D* <2 É~6H fc¹ ~64 F&* -2bBH 2*xA&* J ¥wD* bF2É+ bE&* fJ4b~9 2¡~6&*H fc.¡gE 4¡ ~8H É~zD*H fcp´* vJxJ ´ bEv < B*¡D* @@94&* ¢ < ® ¥w@@D* *w@@GH µb D*H ¥vg ´* £D* ¯ $b ~7&°* ,vm D ¤+x D* DbpgD* E bF2É+ hcG h <2H f 0b: f£ G&* ex0 ¡-&° £ ~{D* £D* °yF* EH bGv ~7 ib+bsgF* AH p D i$b/ ¤gD* f£ £D* fE¡ ²* ,2b<(° ,vpg´* ¼&°* 4*xB <v+ ¡ - b -*¡B &* b C µb D* JwD* $*v ~{D* bF2É+ hEvB vBH ¤ £c D* b +b~| D 4¡E&°* e%bE ~z0H xC E Ñ* v < b§ Í _ E Í~9*4 *¡ -4&* fc 0 b 12 + rHxD*H z Db+ *¡p~9 JwD* ebc~{D* $°'¡G C E Ä A¡F E Í.ÉjD* vJv« gA vJv/ v <H ,vJv/ ¡ ~zD* d0b~8 bB fc~6b ´* wG ¯H v£ ~{ D bK E¡J ¡ £D b< z£)4 d)bF Ñ* 0 ¡g E %* v~7*4 + v ¹ t£~{D* v£ ~{D* ¡J (*" ¤@@+2 Cb0 $*45¡@@D* z ¸ z£)4 fDHvD* E f£p~}gD* F*¡ < v < i*4bE(°* fDH2 ¯ vJv/ v < fJ*v+ t£~6x-H c g~zE /&* E z£ D*H ·b D* w+H :¡D* /&* E&* ¢ < b ²* /&* E h£cD* v0¡-H -2bB E 0ÉgD* D b F&b+ ¡£D* *wG ¯ D v ~{F ²b~|EH 4*x g~6*H ,Ì~z´* ¢ < b F&* GvGb FH $b@@+%°* pF )b +&°H $b£AH&* bE ¡ Ab0 G*xCwDH H4v@@ @E -b£p~}gDH Hx g~zE b c ~7H fDHvD* g« v£ ~{D* ¡J ¯ ,b£²* wG b + ivgE* ,xGb: f . 4b£1&* E f .H :¡D* $b +&* E fcC¡ + b sJ4b-H

» Q G ª É

x < + 6b J b§ i*4b@@E(°* fc£c²* bF2É+ x < b ~zB *3(* 2¡ D* &* Hx ´* E F&° *K Ì~|B vm ~zA ¼&°*H HvD* bE ,4b~}0H fE&*H d ~7 < kJv²* v < 4b£ ´* ¤G Hx D*H $b D(* ® *3(* *wD b~zF(°* x < z£ gA b -*x~{<H *¡<&°* bE&* bK Eb< Í@@ @+4&°*H f~z ³* É1 «H y@@½&* bE ¢ < ,x F bK J4b~}0 *K 5bm<(* v JH Äg J bE m0 4v ~6 b F(bA ,Ì1&°* f D* £ - bE + 4¡ ;H bF2É+ v£0¡- < ¤sJ4bgD* É<(°* cB ÉK £ B v D B*¡D ,x F ¡ D* f:4b1 ¢ < ,vpg´* f£+x D* i*4bE(°* fDH2 £ J bF2É+ $b/4&* v£0¡- < ¤sJ4bgD* É<(°* cB b²* f£ EyD* ,Æ D* x~| D *K x FH 5b½(* ® bE m0 ¢ < fD°2 $b+%°* E *K 2v< (bA ¡£D* £ < pF bEH 2b«°* É<(* Í+ G4b <&* ¯ Ñ* vE&* ,b£²* v£B ¢ < ¡D*yJ ° 2*v@@/&°*H ¡pgD*H Ì gD* *wG < kJv²* z/bG JvD bK @ EH2 v© 2b 0&°*H $b +&°* ÌCwg+ ÍE¡ E bK @ EH2 Gv© £ D* z - ~z F hB¡D* ¯H b £ < Ñ* b + F&* ¤gD* f D* mp+ z~6'¡E E b 1¡£~7H b -2b D £ D* bAx D* -b C ¯ 04 b£ F %* b ~6 + vJ*5 t£~{D* 0*xD* vD*¡D* 2b«°* ¯ *¡ Gb~6 JwD*H Ñ* 04 i*4bE(°* b 0 F*¡1(*H Ñ* bC4&°*H v<*¡ D* - b 0b½ z~6&* ~9HH fDHvD* wG $b + qEb~zgD*H fD*v D*H $b D* E fJ¡B y)bC4 ¢ < h ~8 ¤gD* f £ ²* ,Ì D* f~6b£~zD* wG C 4b . F ¡£D*H fcp´*H 2¡/H d g-H fJb ²* d g- i*ym ´* wG &* ~7 H2H < J µ ¥w@@D* v ²* ÑH ¡@@GH 6x gE ¥¡@@B {£/ ,v£ < AH fJx ~z D* Eb § ¡ J b ~{£/ ¡G *w A b -2bB

2zCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CG* 2 0 1 5 K&¸* £§CIfF |Cg CC M2

‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ ﺷﻬﺮﻳﺔ ﺗُﻌﻨﻰ ﺑﺸﺆون اﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ واﻟﻔﻜﺮ‬ ‫ﺗــﺼــﺪر ﻋــﻦ ﻣــﺮﻛــﺰ ﺳــﻠــﻄــﺎن ﺑــﻦ زاﻳـــﺪ ﻟﻠﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ وا!ﻋـــﻼم‬

«CCnCCªCH|G* zCªC CCC 6 zCC C0&* ô``jôë`àdG GQÉ°ûà°ùe

f=%* £f I 9fM4 2 Mf/ 2§ Á « ¡0 ô``jôë`àdG ô``jó`e

CC=5 uCC-fCCD zC CCtCH 2 êô`` ` ` `îŸG

CCCC;fI 5*§CCCCD ¿ƒ °SGôŸG

Üô`` ` ¨` ` `ŸG - »`` ` `à` `ŸG Gó`` ` ` ` ` ` ô`` G ` G - ` ` `°`ü`e ` ` jÉ`` ` ¿ O Q C’ G - QÉ`` é` `æ` `dG Ò`` °` `ù` `«` `J ô`` `°` ` ü` ` e - ó`` ` ` ` ` É`` ` ` ` ` `°` ` ` ` ` ` TQ É`` `jQƒ`` ` `°S - ô° Éf óª ÉeCG ¢`` ù` `jQÉ`` H - ø`` ` ` j ` ` ` `dG ó`` ` ` ` ` ` `

112

ÕC 7¸ CM|CCC 7 :Qƒ``°ü`ŸG K~CC< zCCM'§CH :…QGOE’G ô`` «`Jô`μ`°ùdG ô``jô`ë`àdG äÓ°SGôe dr.fatehz@gmail.com 00971 2 2223000 -fCJ 00971 50 6251829 Mf+§H

j ƒàdG ƒ°ùe

6fg< z 0&* marketing@cmc.ae 00971 56 3150303 -fCJ

22 äÉ`` ` `jƒ`` ` à` ` ë`e

,zMz/ L'K4

mfgM2&¶* mf/§H ¢ 9 58

«2§·* £f 0

«§+ÌG*

i2&¶* m*4fH(¶* µ m*zMz·*

¸* 2§ 6&*K jG*z G* 4§ 8 12

¢H5 µ h0 jGf 64 94

ª<K4~º* j :fD

mÏ I¶*

| 7 L2fIK h G* kJ 61

N*z/ ,Ò E E 96

j<§ qº* µ ,$*|E 62

«Kf<42 ,Ò¡H

z©g< ª < MfI

} G* §/

N*z/ ,Ò E E 98

| ¡G* j©tkD

sfq0 ÇfJ

«4§ G* z ¿ ¥ G*zg<

4§t H

ªEf G* ¢< £§+f ¸* ¦f- 65

N*z/ ,Ò E E 99

f¡J ¢H fM*|H

ª kº* ¥ G* zg<

«2f¤ «2f¤G* zg< K4fD ¢MzG* f 0

| 7

"| G* fH 70 «~<f+&* 4fgH

zMz·* z¤ G*K

$f G* ¢H m*4fH(¶* ,Ò H 14

$*z G* ¼(*

f=%* £f I 9fM4 2

j <f¡G* ,§ G*K jDf nG* 22 N f/3§Å m*4fH(¶*

ªE§ 6zG* ¢È&*

ª E4 $f D

ª 9fº* ¢H }8f¡<

j 7K*42 ¢È&* ¢ 0 f¤H mfM*K4 z¡< 72 µ 7f< Çfg 6(* Ò 6&* ¢¿ 34 } M ÓH|I i| º* 2Ï+

m*{G* ¢< otgG*

j E uHÏH Ï+ $f 6 75

j.ÏnG* " jM*K4 h<|G* i2&* 110

£f © 6 j© 6

4§ ¡H K| <

,Ò E

«4Kf G* h© 7§+

j©Df . £*§G&*

~-§G ,4f G m§º* jg G "

m*zJf H

j / ª < «zMf<

*z/ ,Ò E E 45

ªÃ§ wgG* ¢M} I

«§© ¸* £f © 6

ªtkD f J ¨ 6

j ©g G ,Ò1&¶*

v} º ª+2 £f/|¤H 118

©F§G*

" f 9 Ï+ ,|.|." I 80

G* jM4§0

£*| gG* ª < ¢ 0

jM§ G fMf E

j G* µ ¨t G* 46

ª G~F42 ¢ 0|G* zg<

¼(* |T -

mfM|F{G* j¡MzH ,|Jf G* 48

,f©0 fÅ&*

z IK mf 6*42

¨nI&* mfMf 0

Ò 7§+ z© 7|G*

}8fI É|H

h¸* ,4fH(*K 2f±(¶* vK4 122

jM| D f©:&*

§ G* 92 R

¢M~G* LzJ

Ò¡H ~M~ G* zg< K| <

2z G* jª0fkkD*

ô`` `jô``ë` àdG ¢ù`«`FQ

OÉ–’G äƒ°U ¥ƒa ƒ∏©j äƒ°U ’ i*3 hBx~7&* ¤gD* ,Ìc D* É@@0&°* v0&* ¡G ,vpg´* f£+x D* i*4b@@E(°* fDH2 2b«* vJ*5 t£~{D* ¶b - Ñ* 3(b+ D 4¡ ´* b D(°* E I¡~|B f/4v+ b £Fb E f=b£~8 v+&* ¤gD*H rbc~8 f£ cD v E ¥wD* ¡ A i*4bE(°* fDHvD ÄC&°* 5b½(°* ¡G 2b«°* Äg JH *x. Ñ* d£: b£ F %* b ~6 + ¡GH fDHvD* w D fF¡ ´* c~zD* i*2*4(°* v0¡- < É<(°* °¡D pggD - µ ¤gD*H v + h « ¤gD* i*ym ´* ÌcC r¡ :H f Eb~7 fJ'H4 JvD hFbC Í~| º b/xD v / yJy - ,4Hx~}+ )*vD* bG4¡ ~7 ¤G ,v£~7xD* ,vpg´* f£+x D* i*4b@@E(°* fDH2 ,2b£B Ì - ¯ ,54bcD* f ~zD* DH fE&°* b£C E $y/ ¤G ,vpg´* f£+x D* i*4bE(°* fDH2 &b+ bÂ(°* E E ex D* $b ~7&°* Í+ Hb gD* x~8*H&* v < DwD Eb~}gD*H ,v0¡Db+ °(* fJ4b~}²* b gFb E v£ g~z-H ¼&°* Í+ *Æ0°b+ - &* b Â ° ¤gD* f£+x D* f £ ²* wG zJx - ¢ < Ñ* 04 b£ F %* b ~6 + vJ*5 t£~{D* ¶b - Ñ* 3(b+ D 4¡ ´* fDHvD* z~6'¡E d ~8 ¯ E¡ GH ex D* bJb~}B m+ f£DHvD* Abp´* Jx: < H&* ¤+x D* D* É1 E $*¡~6 x cE hBH w E <vD f~| s´* 2¡ /H ¤+x D* Hb gD* yJy - b¸ ¯ -bpJx~|- hCx- vBH f£/4b³* i*4bE(°* fDH2 f~6b£~6 ° ¥wD* ¤+x D* c g~z´* Jx: ¢ < µb ´* q~9*H bK m E f£+x D* bJb~} D* < bAvD*H f£+x D* 4b B&°* ¯ f£ gD* f£+x D* ,v0¡D* H2 E *K xG*5 ÉK c g~zE ¡ J &* Â b 1 ¢ < 4b~6H vD*H ,Ì~zE Ñ* 0 fDHvD* z£)4 b£ F %* vJ*5 + f £ 1 t£~{D* ¡ ~zD* d0b~8 +b- vBH n£ ³* ¶(* £p´* E fE&°* ¡ GH bJb~}B f~{Jb EH ¤+x D* Hb gD* AvD eH'H2 < nEbFx+ -b C E *K wsgE J4b~{E Jx: < f£+x D* 4b B&°* ¯ f£ gD* f m< A2 ¢ < ,vpg´* f£+x D* i*4bE(°* fDH2 ib~z~6'¡E É1 E A bG2¡~zJ f£+x< f£+x< ibBÉ< $b +H $b ~7&°* Í+ v~|D* e&*4 ¶(* ¢ ~6 b C f£s~zD* i*v<b~z´*H ¤)b jD* Hb gD* tJ4bgD* ¯ b gFb E b/Æ~6*H f£+x D* fE&°* ¤BxD f£<b ±* fp ~|´* bG2¡ -H 2bcg´* *Æ0°* /Æ- ¤gD* ,v£~7xD* b -2b£B £ < h+&*2 bE *wGH $bA¡D* b ~7&* E ~7 )2bcE ob gF*H $b+%°* ¢ 1 ¢ < Ì~zD* (* i*5b½(* E D « bE ~} + µb D* e¡ ~7 v ~6&* E i*4bE(°* d ~7 ib+ k£0 1*vD* ¯ $*¡~6 °K b A&* $bA¡D* *wG f~8b1 ¤+x D* :¡D*H fEb< µb D* $b/4&* gº ¶(* $b~}£cD* i*4bE(°* ¥2bJ&* vg k£0 o4b³* ¯ H&* Ì1 D&b+ ·b D* b :HH f £ ²* b -2b£BH b< CH 4*x g~6°*H E&°* b £ < *2&*H fc£c²* b -*4bE(* Ñ* 0

ÉÃ ÉfRGõàYG ócDƒfh ,áë∏°ùŸG ÉæJGƒbh Éæ°û«L ∫É£HCG »«ëf Èμjh ,AGó``Ø` dGh ádƒ£ÑdG ºMÓe ‘ QGô`` HC’G ÉfDhGó¡°T ¬``eó`q `b ,AÉ``aƒ``dGh AÉ£©dG ‘ ¢ùaÉæàj …ò``dG º«¶©dG ÉæÑ©°ûH É``fRGõ``à`YG AÉNôdGh Ió°ûdG q ΩÉjCG ‘ q

f£Q CwD* fE¡ ²* ,Ì~zE ,2°H IxCw+ $b g0* C ¯ ¡cDb E pFH ¤ :¡D* b Db g0* E*ygJ & b+ i*4bE(°* fDH2 Q 5b½(* ®Q b´ EQ &bgD*H ££ gD*H ib /*x´* E bF¡<vJ bE *wGH c g~z D b gJ'H4 £~6¡-H ¶(*H +bc~6&*H rbm D* B*¡E yJy - ¶(* xJvG ¯ ex~zgJ &* Â 1 ¥&Q * 4*v@@ ,2bJy+ f+H'HvD* b -bEb gG* 5Ä- b GH D* ¯H fp~|D*H £ gD* J2b£E ¯ 4¡ gD* ¤EÉ<(°*H ¯b jD*H ¥x D* D* xJ¡ bK m E bGÄg F ¤gD* f£ ~6¡D* £B t£~6ÆD Q f£Eb~zD* £ D* 4¡~}0 ÇÂH xQ gD* Hb J b -b£0 ¯ vC'¡FH fp ~z´* b -*¡BH b ~{£/ b +&* ¤£pF ¯ 4*x@@@+&°* bF'H*v ~7 @@EvQ @B b@@§ b@@F5*y@@g@<* bF5*yg<* Ä JH $*v@@ @D*H fD¡ cD* 0ÉE $b D* ¯ zAb gJ ¥w@@D* £ D* b c ~{+ Q v FH $b@@1xQ @D*H ,v~{D* b@ @J&* ¯ $b@@A¡@@D*H ¤ :¡D* v£ Db+ fC4bc´*H Áb gD* ibJ%* ¢ ~6&* + f £ 1 t£~{D* ¡ ~zD* d0b~|D v£m´* Ñ* 0 fDHvD* z£)4 b£ F %* vJ*5 ,vpg´* f£+x D* i*4bE(°* b 0 )b ~7&°H e&°* bG&*v+ ¤gD* Ì³* ,Ì~z´ $b£AH&°* GH b£ F %* b ~6 + v@@J*5 t£~{D* z~6'¡´* Ñ* 04

2zCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CG* 2 0 1 5 K&¸* £§CIfF |Cg CC M2

Q (bA f gp´* f£-*4bE(°* 4y@@±* f£~}B ¯ *Hv@@ @ D* ¢ < HxQ @~@|@J @@Jx@@1%°* } + G3¡ F ~z+ /&* E Ç D* ,4b@@.(* ¢ <H @@-v@@0H h@@£@g@ @-H ¤@@+x@@ @ D* b@@ @c@ @~@7 ¢@@ @ < ¤+x D* DbpgD* b@@<2 bE *w@@GH f£ :¡D* É:(* ¶(* fJ2¡ ~zD* f£+x D* f ´* ,2b£ + E&°* ,2b<(* /&* E " y²* f ~8b<" f ´* ¯ É~zD*H E&°* ,2b g~6*H bF2b~z/&* ¯ ¥x~z- ¤gD* 2b@@«°* rH4 (* fBb D* 4v@@~@|@E ¤@@G b@@ @+¡@@ @B ¯ @@}@c@ @-H A*2 hFb A b c ~7 b + ¢ Q « ¤gD* ,¡ D*H < bAvD* ¯ x~| DH f£ gD* ¯ rbm D c g~zE E&* <H :¡D* fEÉ~6 Q ~{J ¥w@@ D* ¤@@ @:¡@@D* @@0É@@g@D* &* b@@ @C b@@ @ 0H ,2b@@ @B Í@@+ f@@ @~@6b@@ @g@´* ,v@@ 0¡@@ D* f£ cD* ¡G ¯Q ¡@@D* c ~7 Í@@+H i*4b@@ E(°* fDHvD* $b + b £ < } J ¤gD* fs~6*xD* 2v -H b@@E%°* b~zQ-* E Ä JH ~zQgJ ¡GH 15 @@E v<b~|g- h-b+ v@@BH *v@@@G&°* zAb gD* ¯ b£ <O d-*xE cgD ib0bm D* v@@ @ g@ D* i*H2&* É@@ g@ @E* ¢@@ @ < ·Hv@@ @ D* ¡ ~zD* d0b~8 / bE *wGH f.vpg~z´* 2015 b@@ @D* *w@@G ¤ Q ~zJ fDHvD* z£)4 fAb . yJy gD i*4b@@E(°* ¯ 4b g+°* b< ¯ Ä@@C&* rb½ £ pgDH y£ gD*H *v@@+(°*

&* *¡C42&*H fJ¡B ,2*4(*H ÍgE 4*x~8(*H £ < bÂ(* E 2b«°* Hx~{E £ H ¤-*4bE(°* b~zF(°* 2*v<(* Ä< °(* gJ D f £ 0 ¶(* ²* J¡« ,¡<2 b c ~7 ¢cQ D vBH ¢ D* b gJb= ¡G b jE f£ gD* fBb: ¡ J &* E ¡£D* w E $b~zFH °K b/4 £ ±* F*H A*vG&*H -b£ E&* *¡cQ D b jE -2bB f p E $v+H 2b«°* fDH2 ,2°H É<(° 1971 b< Ä ~zJ2 E ÁbjD* $b cD*H f£ gD* Jx~z- ¯ ÌcC 4H2 D* J2b£E C ¯ f£-*4bE(°* ,&*x´* fC4b~{´ bC v DH f£~6v D*H fJw£ gD*H f@@J4*2(°* )b;¡D* gº h ~7 k£0 5b@@½(°* b gC4b~{E h ~z-* . f£ D*H f£EÉ<(°*H f£p~|D*H fJ¡+ÆD*H f£ £ gD*H $b cD* ,Ì~z´ f£Q <¡F bK £B b~9&* b» fJ2b£ D*H f£~6b£~zD* ,b£²* ¯ gm´* ¯ ibBb D*H I¡ D* D f Eb~7 fC4b~{EH f£ gD*H + f £ 1 t£~{D* ¡ ~zD* d0b~8 b £A +b- ¤gD* f £ ²* ,2b£ D* ~} +H £D(* b~9&*H $b+%°* y½&* bE Ñ* 0 fDHvD* z£)4 b£ F %* vJ*5 g¸ E i*4bE(°* d ~7 gF* c ~{D gcQ ¹ }£AH g 0H -Ä1 E ¡ Db+ f£-*4bE(°* Ì³* vJ ivQ gE*H f£GbAxD*H $b1xD* g¸ ¶(* fJb D* x 0&°* É D* 0H µb D* e¡ ~7 E Í/bgp D ,Ì³* i*v<b~z´*H Q K K K ¢ < -bEv1 hFbCH b )° b£DH2 *4¡~}0 1983 b< z~6&b- ¥wD* ¤-*4bE(°* D* $I2bcE f ¹H i*4b@@E(°* fFb E < ,Ä E ¤´b<H ¤+x< v£ ~8 Q ¡£D* g J ¥wD* $b D* g¸ ¯ Ì³* vJ*5 b s~64 ¤gD* Áb~zF( °* Q 2¡±* k£0 v~8&°*H <&°* ¤G ,H43 ¶(* ¥¡ ´*H ¥2b´* $b D* E <H £ ~{D* £D* d ~7 < bK <bA2 ·b D* ¤ :¡D* vQ D* w+H z Db+ Q f ´* 2v J ¤/4b1H ¤ 1*2 *Hv D ¡£D* 9x g- ¤gD* 2*v/&°* 94&* ¤+x D* b m£ 1 H2 f~8bs+H b C f£+x D* < *Hv D* vQ ~8 ¯ f <b D* b gC4b~{E ¯ i*4b@@E(°* f@@DH2 iÄ@Q @< v D fDb~8&* < )b +&* r*H4&* vQ B ¥wD* £ D* b c ~7 Ä<H £ ~{D* £D* Q h H ¤+x D* n£ ³* ¯H f£+x D* ,x~6&°* 1*2 b © ¤gD* £ D* i*4bE(°* fDH2 h BHH x~{D* 4b E ¯ 4b~|gF°* E fp ~z´* b -*¡B ¤+x D* E&°* f<y<5 v~9H ebG4(°*H x gD* v~9 ,vEb~8 fJQ ¡B f BH t£~6x- ¢ < vJv~{D* b ~8x0 E =xD* ¢ <H 8b1 ~{+ ¤m£ ³*H iÉ ~{´* Q ² ,4x g´* b -*¡<2 EH eHx²* d Q ©H f ´* ¯ ~zD* f~8bs+H f£DHvD* ÍF*¡ D* ¶(* b g0°*H ¤~6b£~zD* 4*¡²* Ä< f )b D*

IOÉ`` ` ` `«` ` ` ` ≤` ` ` ` dG π`` ` `°` ` ` †` ` ` Ø` ` ` H ™``HÉ``J »``à` dG á``ª` «` μ` ◊G ƒª°ùdG Ö``MÉ``°` U É``¡`«à ø`` H á`` `Ø` ` «` ` ∏` ` N ï`` `«` ` °` ` û` ` dG ¢ù«FQ ¿É``«`¡`f ∫BG ó`` jGR ,¬``∏`dG ¬``¶`Ø`M ,á`` dhó`` dG ±É°VCGh AÉHB’G √õ‚CG Ée ¬`` ` `JÈ`` ` `N ø`` ` ` ` ` e ¬`` ` ` ` ` «` ` ` ` ` ` dEG ¢`` `†` ` «` ` ah ¬`` ` `à` ` ` μ` ` ` æ` ` ` Mh π≤àfG ,¬Ñ©°ûd ¬àÑfi q ø`è äGQÉ`` ` ` ` ` eE’G Ö``©` °` T á`` ` jÉ`` ` Ø` ` `μ` ` `dG ™`` ` ª` ` `à` ` `› AÉ`` ` Nô`` ` dG ™`` ª` `à` `› ¤EG äó`q `à` eGh ,á``«` gÉ`àô``dGh á`` `«` ` JGQÉ`` èE’G Ò`` ` ÿG ó`` `j äGóYÉ°ùŸGh ¿ƒ©dÉH øe ÚLÉàëª∏d IÒ`q `ÿG ⁄É©dG Üƒ©°T

2zCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CG* 2 0 1 5 K&¸* £§CIfF |Cg CC M2

»æWƒdG ºMÓàdGh á«ªæàdG IÒ°ùe Ù* ¥ 0 jGKzG* ª)4 nÃ £fª¤I %* zM*5 ¢+ £f 6 xª G* § 6 j F ,ztk¼* jª+| G* m*4fH(¸* jGKzG Õ +4&¸*K +*|G* «¡:§G* zª G* ·

,x F C µb D* ¯ IÄ D* fEv g´* Hv@@D* b £D(* 4bcC(*H xJv -H *Æ0* Q z~6'¡´* v)b D* e&°* 1 ¥wD* ²* ¡G *wG bC b£ F %* b ~6 + vJ*5 t£~{D* Ñ* 3(b+ D 4¡ ´* &b+ *¡ E%* JwD* b -2bBH i*4b@@E(°* b 0 )b ~7&* E i*$b CH ibBb: Â c ~7 &b@ +H ,¡@@B 2b@@«°* *3(b@A ~6bH v~9b -H -b - ¶(* obg« f s~9 h Q H $b D* x F b E AQ v- ,Ì³* ¥vJ&°* h gD* $b + b £ < } J ¤gD* fc ~|D* f£ cD* ~{- &* E £D(* obgpJ bE 4bc D* ,2b D* $°'¡G gE* vBH c g~z´*

2b«* b£ D ¡@@ @+4&°*H f +*xD* IxCwD* b £ < Q f£Eb~6 ,H43 ,v~z¸ ,vpg´* f£+x D* i*4b@ @E(°* fDH2 Q vBH ,b@@£@ ²* i°b@@¸ @@C ¯ ¤@@<¡@@ @D* $b@@ @ -4°* @@E hAb~9&* b§H ¡~z~6'¡´* $b+%°* y½&* b§ $b +&°* FN I'Hx D kJv«H *vG&ÉD xJ¡ - E f+b~{D* b£/&°* ,x~6&°* ¯ <&* obEvF*H i*vmg~z D ~6H&* fcC*¡EH ,Ì~zE ¯ f£ <bA ÈC&* fC4b~{EH f£DHvD*H f£+x D* i*4bE(°* fDH2 f+x© &* Ñ* v pFH Áb~zF(°* v gD* f p EH IwgpJ bK /3¡¿ h-b+ kJvpgD*H f£ gD* ¯ x -H rbm D* ebc~6&* f£Eb D* e¡ ~{D* b E P g~z-N

2zCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CG* 2 0 1 5 K&¸* £§CIfF |Cg CC M2

‫ﺧﻴﺮ ﺧﻠﻒ ﻟﺨﻴﺮ ﺳﻠﻒ‬

‫ذﻛﺮى اﻟﺘﺄﺳﻴﺲ ‪1971‬‬

‫ﺷﻬﺮﻳﺔ ﺗُﻌﻨﻰ ﺑﺸﺆون اﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ واﻟﻔﻜﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻌـﺪد ‪ 40‬ـ دﻳﺴﻤﺒﺮ ـ ﻛﺎﻧﻮن ا ول ـ ‪2015‬‬

‫‪Ék ```````````````eÉ```````````````Y‬‬

‫‪á«ªæàdG øe‬‬ ‫‪ºMÓàdGh‬‬ ‫‪»æWƒdG‬‬