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‫رحالت اخرتق �أ�صحابها عوامل (الكفر) على‬ ‫تنوعها‪ ،‬كرحلة ابن ف�ضالن �إىل بالد ال�صقالبة‪،‬‬ ‫ورحلة �أبي دلف اخلزرجي �إىل ال�صني‪ ،‬ورحلة‬ ‫ابن بطوطة �إىل الق�سطنطينية وبلغار وال�صني‬

‫برنارد لوي�س‬

‫‪36‬‬

‫‪31‬‬

‫الـعــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــدد‬ ‫م��ار��س ـ �آذار ‪2 0 1 5‬‬

‫داخلي‪،‬‬ ‫كان لدولة الإ�سالم �آخران‪� :‬أ ّولهما‬ ‫ّ‬ ‫تع ّرفته و ّ‬ ‫منطته من خ�لال الكتب واال��س�ترق��اق‪ ،‬وثانيهما‬ ‫خارجي تع ّرفته من خالل امل�سح الإثنوغرايف الذي قام به علماء‬ ‫ّ‬ ‫م�سلمون مل متنعهم تلك الق�سمة احلادة القائمة على ثنائية (دار‬ ‫احل��رب ودار الإ�سالم) التي فر�ضتها الدولة الإ�سالمية القو ّية‬ ‫من معرفة الآخر‪ ،‬و�إال ملا و�صلتنا رحالت اخرتق �أ�صحابها عوامل‬ ‫(الكفر) على تنوعها‪ ،‬كرحلة ابن ف�ضالن �إىل بالد ال�صقالبة‪،‬‬ ‫ورحلة �أبي دلف اخلزرجي �إىل ال�صني‪ ،‬ورحلة ابن بطوطة �إىل‬ ‫الق�سطنطينية وبلغار وال�صني‪.‬‬ ‫�ري بتمثيالت‬ ‫�‬ ‫ث‬ ‫�لام‬ ‫س‬ ‫�‬ ‫�‬ ‫ل‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫بدولة‬ ‫اخلا�ص‬ ‫و�إذ ًا‪ ،‬فف�ضاء ال َآخ��ر ّي��ة‬ ‫ّ‬ ‫متنوعة للآخر‪ ،‬وك ّلها م�شرق ّية‪ ،‬تبدو يف �أق�سى �صورها املتمثـلة يف‬ ‫التتار واملغول الذين د ّمروا بغداد �آخر �إيجابي ًا يف عني ح�سن حنفي‬ ‫الذي ق�صر �صفة الآخر–العدو على الغرب وحده‪ .‬وهنا يح�ضر‬ ‫ال�س�ؤال عن الآخ��ر (الغربي الأوروب� ّ�ي) وموقعه يف ذاك الف�ضاء‬ ‫الرحب؛ �س�ؤال ردّه الطاهر لبيب �إىل املركز ّية الأوروب ّية احلديثة‬ ‫التي ت�ستنكر غياب ذاتها عن مد ّونات الآخ��ر‪ ،‬و�إن كان ذاك يف‬ ‫غياب رف�ض ه�شام جعيط تعليله بـ(المباالة)‬ ‫ما�ضيها الغابر‪.‬‬ ‫ٌ‬ ‫مردّها �إىل نق�ص يف توق الإ�سالم �إىل معرفة الآخر‪ ،‬وقر�أه جتاه ًال‬ ‫اختياري ًا متع َّمد ًا‪� ،‬سببه ان�ع��دام �أ ّي��ة فائدة من معرفة الغرب‬ ‫(�أوروب��ا)‪� .‬أما حممد �أفاية فر�أى �أن الغرب مل يوفر يف ع�صوره‬ ‫الو�سطى �إال (ف�ضاءات فارغة)‪ ،‬ور�أى �آخرون �أن املجتمع الأوروبي‬ ‫امل�سيحي مل يكن م�ستعد ًا ال�ستقبال امل�سلم‪ ،‬و�أنّ الغرب مل يكن‬ ‫م�صدر ًا لأي �شيء خا�ص يف نظر العرب امل�سلمني‪ ،‬يف حني كان‬

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