Electricity circuits

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ELECTRICITY IES RĂ­o Cabe

1) ELECTRICITY AND MATTER. 1.1. Conductor and insulators Covadonga Yugueros 1.2. How to obtain electricity Valbuena 1.3. The transport of electric energy 1.4. Effects of electric current 2)Electric quantities 2,1. Electric current 2.2. Voltage 2.3. Resistance. 3) Ohm's law 4)Electric circuits 4.1. Components of an electric circuit 4.2. Representation and symbols. 5)Types of circuits. 5.1. Series circuits 5.2. Parallel circuits 5.3. Series-parallel combination circuits


4, Electric circuit Electric circuit

Set of connected elements through which an electric current can flow

Push switch

Bulb Circuits need to be complete for them to work property. The path along which electrons go from the pole - to + must be closed.

Battery +

wires

The purpose of an electrical circuit is to transform electricity into a useful form of energy: light, heat, motion or sound.


4,1. Components of an electric circuit The basic components of a circuits: Generator

Generador

Receptors

+

Receptores

Conductor wires

Cables

Control components

Elementos de control

Circuit protection elements Elementos de protecci贸n


Generator

It gives the force to the electrons that run along the wires when the circuit is closed.

Cell

The simplest generator

Pila

Generators have two poles

+

+ + +

-

-

9V

The higher the voltage of the battery, with more "force" the current flows through the circuit.

-

-


Receptors

transform electrical energy into another type of useful energy.

Bulb

Resistors

Motor

Bell


Conductors wires

are the “path� along which electricity flows, it has little resistance to the movement of electrons. Copper and aluminum

Control elements

You can use them to open, close and change the direction of the electric current

The most common


Control components On-off switch Interruptor

It has 2 positions. One allows the current to pass (closes the circuit), the other doesn't (open the circuit)

push switch Pulsador

2-way switch or changeover switch conmutador

Open or close the circuit while we operated. If we fail to press them, they stop acting

Allow control 2 parts of the same circuit (2 separate paths for electrons).


Circuit protection components These components protect an electric circuit

Fuses Fusibles

They contain a copper wire that only lets a certain current flow through. When the electric current is too high, the copper wire breaks, so it opens the circuit. Fuses prevent damage to other components in the circuits


Measuring instruments Instruments for measuring electric quantities

Ammeter Measures the current. You connect the ammeter in series

Click on image

Voltmeter Measures the electrical voltage. You connect the voltmeter in parallel

Click on image


4,2. Representation and symbols

Pincha en la imagen

Electric circuits are represented using standardized symbols. This allows us to understand and draw them easily.


There are the most common symbols


+

A diagram of an electric circuit is a graphic representation using symbols for the components of the circuit

Electric diagram Electric diagram 1 Electric diagram 2

A circuit works when there is a closed path from one pole to the other of the battery Open circuit (open switch) the electric current does not flow. Closed circuit (Closed switch): the electric current flows


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