ELECTRICITY IES RĂo Cabe
1) ELECTRICITY AND MATTER. 1.1. Conductor and insulators Covadonga Yugueros 1.2. How to obtain electricity Valbuena 1.3. The transport of electric energy 1.4. Effects of electric current 2)Electric quantities 2,1. Electric current 2.2. Voltage 2.3. Resistance. 3) Ohm's law 4)Electric circuits 4.1. Components of an electric circuit 4.2. Representation and symbols. 5)Types of circuits. 5.1. Series circuits 5.2. Parallel circuits 5.3. Series-parallel combination circuits
4, Electric circuit Electric circuit
Set of connected elements through which an electric current can flow
Push switch
Bulb Circuits need to be complete for them to work property. The path along which electrons go from the pole - to + must be closed.
Battery +
wires
The purpose of an electrical circuit is to transform electricity into a useful form of energy: light, heat, motion or sound.
4,1. Components of an electric circuit The basic components of a circuits: Generator
Generador
Receptors
+
Receptores
Conductor wires
Cables
Control components
Elementos de control
Circuit protection elements Elementos de protecci贸n
Generator
It gives the force to the electrons that run along the wires when the circuit is closed.
Cell
The simplest generator
Pila
Generators have two poles
+
+ + +
-
-
9V
The higher the voltage of the battery, with more "force" the current flows through the circuit.
-
-
Receptors
transform electrical energy into another type of useful energy.
Bulb
Resistors
Motor
Bell
Conductors wires
are the “path� along which electricity flows, it has little resistance to the movement of electrons. Copper and aluminum
Control elements
You can use them to open, close and change the direction of the electric current
The most common
Control components On-off switch Interruptor
It has 2 positions. One allows the current to pass (closes the circuit), the other doesn't (open the circuit)
push switch Pulsador
2-way switch or changeover switch conmutador
Open or close the circuit while we operated. If we fail to press them, they stop acting
Allow control 2 parts of the same circuit (2 separate paths for electrons).
Circuit protection components These components protect an electric circuit
Fuses Fusibles
They contain a copper wire that only lets a certain current flow through. When the electric current is too high, the copper wire breaks, so it opens the circuit. Fuses prevent damage to other components in the circuits
Measuring instruments Instruments for measuring electric quantities
Ammeter Measures the current. You connect the ammeter in series
Click on image
Voltmeter Measures the electrical voltage. You connect the voltmeter in parallel
Click on image
4,2. Representation and symbols
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Electric circuits are represented using standardized symbols. This allows us to understand and draw them easily.
There are the most common symbols
+
A diagram of an electric circuit is a graphic representation using symbols for the components of the circuit
Electric diagram Electric diagram 1 Electric diagram 2
A circuit works when there is a closed path from one pole to the other of the battery Open circuit (open switch) the electric current does not flow. Closed circuit (Closed switch): the electric current flows