2º 2º ESO ESO
TECHNOLOGY TECHNOLOGY IES IES Río Río Cabe Cabe
Covadonga Covadonga Yugueros Yugueros Valbuena Valbuena
Metals Metals are are taken taken from from minerals minerals contained contained in in rocks rocks EXAMPLES EXAMPLES
Bauxite Bauxite
Aluminium Aluminium Alumnio
Bauxita
Siderite Siderite
Iron Iron Hierro
Siderita
Malachite Malachite Malaquita
Copper Copper Cobre
To To obtain obtain the the metals metals we we need need to to mine mine them. them.
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Para obtener los metales, hay que extraerlos.
Ore Ore
mena
Gangue Gangue Ganga
Copper
The The part part of of the the mineral mineral that that we we use use to to obtain obtain metal metal
The The rest rest of of the the mineral mineral
Zinc
Metallic Metallic materials materials not not usually usually used used in in their their pure pure state state They They are are alloyed alloyed with with other other materials materials The The most most known known alloys: alloys:
BRASS BRASS
LATÓN
BRONZE BRONZE
STEEL STEEL
BRONCE
ACERO
Se alean con otros materiales
Copper Copper
Zinc Zinc
Copper Copper
Tin Tin
Cobre
Iron Iron
Zinc
Estaño
Carbon Carbon
Hierro
If If steel steel or or iron iron coated coated with with tin tin obtain obtain TINPLATE TINPLATE
Carbono
HOJALATA
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There There are are many many types types of of metals, metals, but but they they all all have have some some common common properties properties They They do do not not scratch scratch and and cannot cannot be be easily easily pierced pierced
HARD HARD
They They resist resist forces forces while while not not becoming becoming deformed deformed easily easily
STRONG STRONG
They They are are resistant resistant to to breaking breaking when when they they are are hit hit
TOUGH TOUGH
They They can can be be made made into into wire wire or or thin thin sheet sheet
Malleable Malleable and and Ductile Ductile
They They are are good good conductors conductors of of heat, heat, sound sound and and electricity electricity
They They are are solids solids at at room room temperature temperature (Except (Except for for Mercury) Mercury)
They They are are dense dense and and heavy heavy
Metals Metals have have aa characteristically characteristically shine shine
Ferrous Ferrous
Non-ferrous Non-ferrous ● ●
COPPER COPPER
● ●
IRON IRON
● ●
ALUMINIUM ALUMINIUM
● ●
STEEL STEEL
● ●
TIN/ TIN/ pewter pewter
● ●
CAST CAST IRON IRON
● ●
ZINC ZINC
● ●
STEEL STEEL ALLOYS ALLOYS
● ●
MAGNESIUM MAGNESIUM
● ●
TITANIUM TITANIUM
● ●
LEAD LEAD
● ●
…. ….
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Ferrous iron Ferrous metals metals are are those those that that contain contain iron. iron. iron Hierro
IRON IRON
Hierro
Greyish Greyish white white Good Good magnetic magnetic properties properties Brittle Brittle and and soft soft material material Bad Bad mechanical mechanical properties. properties. Applications: Applications: medicine medicine and and electronics. electronics.
CAST CAST IRON IRON Fundición Mixture: Mixture: iron iron ++ carbon. carbon. (2% (2% << Carbon Carbon << 6%) 6%) It It is is extremely extremely hard hard and and resistant. resistant. Applications: Applications: unusually unusually shaped shaped pieces, pieces, tools, tools, street street light, light, for for machinery….. machinery…..
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STEEL STEEL
Acero
Mixture: Mixture: iron iron ++ carbon. carbon. (0,2% (0,2% << Carbon Carbon >> 2%) 2%) It It is is very very hard, hard, tough tough and and strong. strong. Steel Steel is is fairly fairly inexpensive. inexpensive. Applications: Applications: construction construction of of structures structures and and tools, tools, in in industryâ&#x20AC;Ś industryâ&#x20AC;Ś
STEEL STEEL ALLOYS ALLOYS Aleaciones de acero Stainless Stainless steel steel (Acero (Acero inoxidable) inoxidable):: Steel Steel ++ Chromium Chromium and and nickel. nickel. These These elements elements make make the the steel steel harder, harder, tougher tougher and and more more rustproof rustproof
Do Do not not contain contain iron ironPage 68
COPPER COPPER
Cobre
Reddish Reddish color color ● ● Good conductor of heat Good conductor of heat and and electricity electricity ● ● Resistant to corrosion Resistant to corrosion ● ●
Applications: Applications: wires, wires, pipes, pipes, as as decoration, decoration, etc. etc.
ALUMINIUM ALUMINIUM
Aluminio
Bright Bright white white color color ● ● Very light Very light ● ● Good conductor of heat Good conductor of heat and and electricity electricity ● ● Resistant to corrosion Resistant to corrosion ● ● Its non- toxic Its non- toxic ● ●
Applications: Applications: cans, cans, wrappers, wrappers, window window frames, frames, high-voltage high-voltage power power lines, lines, etc etc
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TIN TIN
Estaño
Silver-colored Silver-colored shiny shiny ● ● It's non toxic It's non toxic ● ● Very easy to work with Very easy to work with ● ● Resistant to corrosion Resistant to corrosion ● ●
Applications: Applications: Tinplate Tinplate ((Hojalata Hojalata)),, soft soft soldering... soldering...
ZINC ZINC
Zinc
Bluish-white Bluish-white color color ● ● Good conductor of heat Good conductor of heat and and electricity electricity ● ● Highly resistant to Highly resistant to corrosion corrosion and and rust rust ● ●
Applications: Applications: cover cover other other metals metals and and alloys alloys to to protect protect them them (galvanised) (galvanised)
Other Other metals metals LEAD LEAD
PLOMO
Heavy Heavy and and very very soft soft
NICKEL NICKEL
NIQUEL
MAGNESIUM MAGNESIUM
Very Very light. light. Uses: Uses: pyrotechnics, pyrotechnics, aerospace aerospace
MAGNESIO
TITANIUM TITANIUM TITANIO
Uses: Uses: medical medical prostheses prostheses