Metals (materials)

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2º 2º ESO ESO

TECHNOLOGY TECHNOLOGY IES IES Río Río Cabe Cabe

Covadonga Covadonga Yugueros Yugueros Valbuena Valbuena


Metals Metals are are taken taken from from minerals minerals contained contained in in rocks rocks EXAMPLES EXAMPLES

Bauxite Bauxite

Aluminium Aluminium Alumnio

Bauxita

Siderite Siderite

Iron Iron Hierro

Siderita

Malachite Malachite Malaquita

Copper Copper Cobre


To To obtain obtain the the metals metals we we need need to to mine mine them. them.

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Para obtener los metales, hay que extraerlos.

Ore Ore

mena

Gangue Gangue Ganga

Copper

The The part part of of the the mineral mineral that that we we use use to to obtain obtain metal metal

The The rest rest of of the the mineral mineral

Zinc


Metallic Metallic materials materials not not usually usually used used in in their their pure pure state state They They are are alloyed alloyed with with other other materials materials The The most most known known alloys: alloys:

BRASS BRASS

LATÓN

BRONZE BRONZE

STEEL STEEL

BRONCE

ACERO

Se alean con otros materiales

Copper Copper

Zinc Zinc

Copper Copper

Tin Tin

Cobre

Iron Iron

Zinc

Estaño

Carbon Carbon

Hierro

If If steel steel or or iron iron coated coated with with tin tin obtain obtain TINPLATE TINPLATE

Carbono

HOJALATA


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There There are are many many types types of of metals, metals, but but they they all all have have some some common common properties properties They They do do not not scratch scratch and and cannot cannot be be easily easily pierced pierced

HARD HARD

They They resist resist forces forces while while not not becoming becoming deformed deformed easily easily

STRONG STRONG

They They are are resistant resistant to to breaking breaking when when they they are are hit hit

TOUGH TOUGH

They They can can be be made made into into wire wire or or thin thin sheet sheet

Malleable Malleable and and Ductile Ductile


They They are are good good conductors conductors of of heat, heat, sound sound and and electricity electricity

They They are are solids solids at at room room temperature temperature (Except (Except for for Mercury) Mercury)

They They are are dense dense and and heavy heavy

Metals Metals have have aa characteristically characteristically shine shine


Ferrous Ferrous

Non-ferrous Non-ferrous ● ●

COPPER COPPER

● ●

IRON IRON

● ●

ALUMINIUM ALUMINIUM

● ●

STEEL STEEL

● ●

TIN/ TIN/ pewter pewter

● ●

CAST CAST IRON IRON

● ●

ZINC ZINC

● ●

STEEL STEEL ALLOYS ALLOYS

● ●

MAGNESIUM MAGNESIUM

● ●

TITANIUM TITANIUM

● ●

LEAD LEAD

● ●

…. ….


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Ferrous iron Ferrous metals metals are are those those that that contain contain iron. iron. iron Hierro

IRON IRON

Hierro

Greyish Greyish white white Good Good magnetic magnetic properties properties Brittle Brittle and and soft soft material material Bad Bad mechanical mechanical properties. properties. Applications: Applications: medicine medicine and and electronics. electronics.

CAST CAST IRON IRON Fundición Mixture: Mixture: iron iron ++ carbon. carbon. (2% (2% << Carbon Carbon << 6%) 6%) It It is is extremely extremely hard hard and and resistant. resistant. Applications: Applications: unusually unusually shaped shaped pieces, pieces, tools, tools, street street light, light, for for machinery….. machinery…..


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STEEL STEEL

Acero

Mixture: Mixture: iron iron ++ carbon. carbon. (0,2% (0,2% << Carbon Carbon >> 2%) 2%) It It is is very very hard, hard, tough tough and and strong. strong. Steel Steel is is fairly fairly inexpensive. inexpensive. Applications: Applications: construction construction of of structures structures and and tools, tools, in in industry‌ industry‌

STEEL STEEL ALLOYS ALLOYS Aleaciones de acero Stainless Stainless steel steel (Acero (Acero inoxidable) inoxidable):: Steel Steel ++ Chromium Chromium and and nickel. nickel. These These elements elements make make the the steel steel harder, harder, tougher tougher and and more more rustproof rustproof


Do Do not not contain contain iron ironPage 68

COPPER COPPER

Cobre

Reddish Reddish color color ● ● Good conductor of heat Good conductor of heat and and electricity electricity ● ● Resistant to corrosion Resistant to corrosion ● ●

Applications: Applications: wires, wires, pipes, pipes, as as decoration, decoration, etc. etc.

ALUMINIUM ALUMINIUM

Aluminio

Bright Bright white white color color ● ● Very light Very light ● ● Good conductor of heat Good conductor of heat and and electricity electricity ● ● Resistant to corrosion Resistant to corrosion ● ● Its non- toxic Its non- toxic ● ●

Applications: Applications: cans, cans, wrappers, wrappers, window window frames, frames, high-voltage high-voltage power power lines, lines, etc etc


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TIN TIN

Estaño

Silver-colored Silver-colored shiny shiny ● ● It's non toxic It's non toxic ● ● Very easy to work with Very easy to work with ● ● Resistant to corrosion Resistant to corrosion ● ●

Applications: Applications: Tinplate Tinplate ((Hojalata Hojalata)),, soft soft soldering... soldering...

ZINC ZINC

Zinc

Bluish-white Bluish-white color color ● ● Good conductor of heat Good conductor of heat and and electricity electricity ● ● Highly resistant to Highly resistant to corrosion corrosion and and rust rust ● ●

Applications: Applications: cover cover other other metals metals and and alloys alloys to to protect protect them them (galvanised) (galvanised)


Other Other metals metals LEAD LEAD

PLOMO

Heavy Heavy and and very very soft soft

NICKEL NICKEL

NIQUEL

MAGNESIUM MAGNESIUM

Very Very light. light. Uses: Uses: pyrotechnics, pyrotechnics, aerospace aerospace

MAGNESIO

TITANIUM TITANIUM TITANIO

Uses: Uses: medical medical prostheses prostheses


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