• EIA paper explores major opportunities to reduce GHGs
Understanding the role of VRF systems in the Kingdom, new regulation, testing methods and the credibility of industry standards
PERSPECTIVES
PRECISION IN HUMIDITY MEASUREMENT
Antti Viitanen of Vaisala discusses battery quality, precise humidity monitoring and dry control during manufacture
LET THE SERVICE GAMES BEGIN
Sanjeev Maheshwari, Daikin (Middle East & Africa), discusses raising the bar on training of technicians
ETHICAL HVACR PROCUREMENT
Sam Achampong of the Chartered Institute of Procurement & Supply (CIPS), MENA, highlights the importance of integrity in achieving sustainable development
Q&A
VRF s AND THE DATA NARRATIVE
Srinivasan Rangan of Taqeef notes the challenges relating to validating operational data that would reveal the energy efficiency of VRF systems
MARKET FEATURE
MANUFACTURER’S REPUTATION
COUNTS FOR A LOT
Two consultants offer their expertise on all aspects air treatment and air movement
POST-EVENT REPORT
DR BAHNFLETH, DR ZATAARI
HEADLINE ASHRAE WEBINAR ON IAQ
Event discusses ASHRAE Standard 241, emphasising the need for balancing good IAQ with energy efficiency
‘We need more people like YOU’
M.Dennis Knight, the new President of ASHRAE for the Society Year 20242025, took office by announcing the guiding principle of his tenure:
“Empowering Our Workforce: Building a Sustainable Future”. In his inaugural Presidential speech, Knight, whilst acknowledging the need for the industry to tackle existential issues like the climate crisis and possible pandemics, said that it simultaneously needs to confront an internal crisis. “That crisis is with our workforce – or more appropriately, the lack of skilled people like you, who have the capability and desire to choose a career in Heating, Ventilation, Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration,” he said, addressing the audience. “The truth is, we need more people like YOU.”
In the UAE, Eurovent, with its Leadership Academy, has set out to precisely address this, and going by the words of cohorts that have attended the HVACR association’s training programme, they seem to have gained clarity and direction.
I view Knight’s focus on the importance of identifying and attracting more professionals to the HVACR industry as a shot in the arm. And equally, Eurovent’s initiative is just what the doctor ordered for strengthening climate action, improving Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) and achieving greater thermal comfort and reliability and lower Total Cost of Ownership, among other aspirations.
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We need more such thought processes and initiatives to come to the fore. For way too long, we have agonised over technicians falling short in brazing and welding procedures, causing leakage of refrigerants to occur. There are many more examples of poor workmanship and design, as well – short-circuiting exhaust air by placing the outlet in close proximity of fresh air intake; poor hydronic balancing impacting last-mile reliability, despite the best of equipment available in the marketplace… the list goes on.
New York-based MEP consultant, Jeremy McDonald, in one of his guest columns in the magazine, highlighted how buildings continue to suffer from poor IAQ, despite policies and standards, owing to ill-conceived FM technician interventions. And then as an afterthought, he said the problem stemmed as much from inadequate budgets, breeding a habit of taking short cuts. Now, that has the makings of another editorial column.
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Judy Wang
Our representative in Asia (except India) +852 307 80 826 judywang2000@vip.126.com
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Our representative in North America +1 365 885-6849 deep.karani@cpimediagroup.com
Founder, CPI Media Group Dominic De Sousa (1959-2015)
Dr Iyad Al-Attar
Independent air filtration consultant, writes on specific science and technology issues relating to Indoor Air Quality, including airborne particles.
Omnia Halawani
Co-Founder & Co-CEO, GRFN Global, writes on MEP consultancyrelated issues.
Krishnan Unni Madathil Auditor, Bin Khadim, Radha & Co. Chartered Accountants, carrying out an analysis of the market, writes on business opportunities for the HVACR industry.
Jeremy McDonald
Principal of Guth DeConzo Consulting Engineers, in New York, writes on IAQ and building tracing. He served as the technical consultant to the New York State Energy Research and Development Authority in development of an IAQ guideline for Higher Education in NY: “Covid-19 Response Guide, State University of New York”.
Dan Mizesko
Managing Partner/President, US Chiller Services International, writes on issues relating to chilled water systems, including operation & maintenance.
Dalip Singh
Senior Technical Analyst, AHRI MENA, writes on HVACR-specific regulation issues.
MEASURING HUMIDIT Y — WITH PRECISION
The climate crisis is driving demand for the electrification of transportation and energy infrastructure, which in turn is accelerating the need for more powerful and safer rechargeable batteries, including li-ion, sodium-ion and solid-state. However, one of the key issues affecting battery quality is accurate humidity monitoring and dry control during manufacture, and in the following article, Antti Viitanen of Vaisala addresses the issue...
THE manufacturing of batteries is a delicate process performed in a highly controlled, ultra-lowhumidity environment. Stable, accurate, fast-response dew point probes are, therefore, an essential component of control systems that help improve safety, yields and energy efficiency.
The midstream stage of battery manufacturing involves electrode production, cell assembly and cell finalisation. It is during these steps – in dry rooms, dry booths and glove boxes – that humidity control is especially important to prevent unwanted reactions. These include lithium forming lithium hydroxide and hydrogen gas, lithium salt forming hydrogen fluoride (HF), and electrolyte generating corrosive byproducts. Efficient and effective drying ensures:
• Protection of people and materials, because the chemicals used are sensitive to moisture and present an explosion risk, if exposed to elevated moisture levels
• Yield maximisation whilst maintaining product quality, because excessive moisture negatively impacts the quality and, therefore, the lifetime of batteries
• Energy optimisation by maintaining dry room ambient dryness at optimal levels. This avoids over-drying and under-drying, both of which are extremely costly
Dew-point measurement in solid state battery manufacturing
The ambient dew-point temperature in dry rooms is typically maintained within the range starting from -30 degrees C to -40 degrees C, and these low humidity levels are controlled by high-end dryers. This is one of the most energy-intensive parts of the battery manufacturing process, so minimising over-drying is key to the plant’s overall energy efficiency. The dew-point sensors in the dryer need to be highly responsive to control the dryer quickly and accurately, but it is important to note that sensor accuracy is not the only factor affecting drying efficiency. A probe with a fast response time, and without the complex internal measurement control loops of some analysers, makes all the difference in dryer and overall dry room control. The volume of air being dried and pushed through the process is very large, so energy consumption can easily skyrocket if the drying process is not optimised.
Newer technologies, such as all solid-state batteries, may require drier conditions with the dew-point temperature as low as -80 degrees C in individual processing steps. Typically, these steps are performed inside dry booths or glove boxes, because it is not usually economically viable to dry the whole dry room to the same extremely low dew-point level. Humidity levels in dry booths and glove boxes are, therefore, monitored at critical points.
Today, the most commonly used measurement device for dryer monitoring and control is a dew-point sensor, based on thin-film polymer technology. Previous instrumentation suffered from drift, especially at low humidity levels, but recent developments have enabled accurate, stable and fastresponse dew-point measurement with minimum drift.
Maintaining accuracy in dew-point sensors
Battery manufacturers use large numbers of sensors throughout their processes to measure, monitor and control humidity levels. The cost of these sensors is negligible in comparison with the value of the assets and products that they protect. Nevertheless, it is vitally important that sensors are accurate and
stable in the long term, so it is important to select the right sensors, and to implement an effective programme of calibration checks.
A key factor in choosing dewpoint sensors is the availability of proven reliability. This means that the providers of sensors should be able to demonstrate long-term accuracy and stability over many years, and in a wide variety of changing environments.
All sensors may deliver measurement results outside of acceptable limits for a number of reasons that may not be immediately apparent. The most important function of calibration is, therefore, to check results against a known standard. However, all measurement devices drift over time to a greater or lesser degree, so ensuring these sensors are properly calibrated at appropriate intervals is essential, if their readings are to be reliable in the long term.
The dew-point sensors used in the midstream processes of battery production are sensitive and highly accurate instruments, but calibration
is necessary for more than just the avoidance of drift. For example, the accuracy of sensors can be compromised by physical damage or other environmental factors.
Calibration programmes for dew-point sensors
A variety of calibration options exist for dew-point sensors at battery manufacturing facilities. Handheld devices are available for quick and convenient spot-checking and onsite calibration. The advantage of this method is that probes do not need to be removed from the process, and downtime can be kept to a minimum. In addition, some devices can be used as a reference probe and sent for factory calibration – complete with a certificate for full calibration traceability.
Some sensor manufacturers operate accredited service centres, to which swapped-out sensors can be sent for routine calibration checks. Alternatively, many battery manufacturers find it more convenient and economical to contract
their sensor supplier to provide a fixed price calibration programme.
Summary
The purpose of this article is to highlight the potentially serious implications of failing to implement an effective humidity measurement programme in battery manufacturing plants. Dew-point sensors perform a critically important role, so it is vitally important to install the right sensors and to ensure that they deliver stable, long-term accuracy and reliability. To achieve this, no matter which sensor is deployed, an effective calibration routine is essential for the efficient, sustainable operation of the plant, protecting safety, energy efficiency and battery product quality.
Image courtesy of Vaisala
‘LET THE SERVICE GAMES BEGIN’
Fostering a competitive environment for measuring technician skills is just what the doctor ordered. Sanjeev Maheshwari of Daikin Middle East & Africa
elaborates on a vital aspect on which rests the possible success of an eco-system of widespread sustainable cooling and refrigeration
THE global climate is changing, and our expectations for comfort are evolving. Efficient and sustainable heating, ventilation, air conditioning and refrigeration systems are no longer a luxury but a necessity. In the dynamic landscape of this industry, the key to driving product innovation, while meeting the growing demand of HVACR solutions, lies in empowering a skilled workforce. Companies that prioritise their employees' professional development through training not only achieve higher business results but also ensure exceptional service support to the customers. This underscores the pivotal role of skilled employees in ensuring the long-term success of the HVACR industry.
Nowhere is this more crucial than in the HVACR sector, as 60% of electricity consumption in the building is from these equipment and their operations. Therefore, precision in the production, installation and maintenance of air conditioning units, heaters, and ventilation and refrigeration systems is paramount. Without proficient staff and technicians, critical concerns, such as sustainability, efficiency and public health are at risk of being neglected, posing substantial threats to customers and service providers alike.
The challenge of bridging the gap: Technology and aftersales service
To overcome environmental impact and challenges, products in the field of air conditioning and refrigeration are constantly evolving through technological advancements. These advancements include new refrigerants, inverterisation, digitalisation and advanced compressor technologies, like magnetic-bearing compressors. Computational capabilities are embedded in air conditioning products to provide comfort to customers while remaining efficient. Today, even the smallest products, from residential air conditioners to District Cooling technologies, are equipped with PCBs to operate and drive the product to meet customer demands.
While the Middle East and Africa (MEA) region is adopting these technological changes faster, aftersales service remains a significant challenge. Developing regions and countries often face a scarcity of skilled resources to provide good quality service to customers. With rapid technological advancement, it becomes increasingly difficult to keep the HVACR workforce updated with the latest technology.
Training and development
It is important to understand these challenges and the importance of delivering quality, safety and service excellence to customers. It is important to take a step forward by prioritising the training and development of the next generation of technicians, installers and aftersales service personnel. Well-meaning initiatives are taking place in the region, such as investing in stateof-the-art training and development centres to train the direct workforce and the indirect workforce, such as installers, contractors, dealers and service providers. The aim is to provide comprehensive theoretical and practical training exercises in system installation, troubleshooting, maintenance and energy efficiency. Further, to enhance the quality of workmanship as field service technicians, it is important to recognise that technicians need motivation to excel, not just information and training content. To foster better engagement in learning, an idea worth considering is to foster a competitive spirit. For instance, Daikin has organised the Service Games to bring competitiveness among service technicians and motivate them to learn more and excel in their area of expertise. The initiative cultivates a culture of excellence
among technicians and engineers through competitive events that challenge participants in theoretical knowledge as well as practical skills. Launched for the first time in the Middle East and Africa in 2023, the Games not only celebrate technical expertise but also elevate the company’s service standards globally.
The broad aim of workforce training goes beyond simply enhancing technical skills and service quality. It plays a
pivotal role in addressing environmental and sustainability challenges by fostering a workforce equipped to deliver innovative, sustainable solutions in the HVACR sector.
This investment in continuous learning and development not only secures a competitive edge but also empowers local workforces across the Middle East and Africa. Such initiatives create a ripple effect, fostering economic growth, community
development and career advancement opportunities, while
ETHICAL HVACR PROCUREMENT
Sam Achampong of the Chartered Institute of Procurement & Supply (CIPS) MENA explains why it is important and how HVACR stakeholders can effectively integrate it into their processes
THE HVACR industry has experienced rapid changes in recent years. These changes – covering regulations, refrigerants and rebates – have pushed industry professionals to rethink how they approach sustainability. The effects of climate change, backed by governmental policy, have accelerated the need for energy-efficient systems that can help to support sustainability goals and reduce energy costs. Moving into 2024, workforce challenges and continued supply chain disruptions are a cause for concern, particularly
when companies have more and more pressure to focus on sustainable and ethical practices and products. So, why is ethical procurement so important and how can HVACR professionals effectively integrate it into their processes?
Ensuring that products are procured in a responsible and sustainable manner, emphasising fair treatment of workers, minimal environmental and social impacts, and adherence to specified standards throughout the supply chain, are vital steps in sharing a brand’s commitment to
ethical practices, as well as protecting reputation and staying competitive. Far from being just a strategy to mitigate business risks, protect brand integrity or to sidestep superficial environmental claims, ethical sourcing offers businesses a distinct edge over their market peers.
As sustainability becomes a global corporate mandate, organisations are making bold commitments to decarbonise building operations and conserve resources. In a recent study conducted in conjunction with Forrester Research, 2,348 business leaders were surveyed to better understand how organisations are prioritising and investing in sustainability. The survey revealed that 80% of respondents cited implementing or maturing sustainability efforts as their top priority and, for most, 2024 was the target date for achieving these goals.
In the HVACR industry, CPOs have recognised the need to evolve their procurement practices and consider ethical and sustainable options when acquiring heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems and equipment for residential, commercial and industrial purposes. With governments making regulatory changes, advances in technology and consumers demanding that organisations implement ethical and sustainable practices that resonate with their own ethical position, a CPO’s
worth has never been more valued. Residential as well as commercial customers now expect more than just comfort from their HVACR systems — they want healthy, energy-efficient homes and buildings that are aligned with environmentally responsible practices.
There is a push towards decarbonisation and electrification in the industry, driven largely by unstable energy costs, legislation and climate change. As a result, there is a need for renewable energy sources and demand for high-efficiency HVACR systems, including the adoption of heat pumps across all sectors. The opportunity for sustainable implementation is considerable, with the use of renewable energy sources, such as solar or geothermal energy. These sources require minimal fossil fuels and can reduce the amount of greenhouse gas emissions significantly.
According to Middle East HVAC Market Overview 2024-2028, the Middle East HVAC market is poised for significant expansion over the next few years, driven by increasing demand for energy efficient and sustainable cooling solutions. This growth can be attributed to several factors, including rapid urbanisation, a burgeoning construction industry and rising temperatures due to climate change. In response, governments across the region have
introduced stringent regulations to promote the use of energy-efficient HVAC systems, further propelling market growth.
As the industry evolves, HVACR CPOs face critical decisions about how to integrate their current strategy to become more ethical, and should consider how to generate internal commitment. If they haven’t already, businesses should be developing, and adhering to, an ethical strategy or code of conduct. Being able to demonstrate that you have policies in place to keep your business and your supply chain free from fraud and corruption and that your business endeavours to source sustainably, wherever possible, is vital for CEOs and CPOs today.
An ethical code of conduct should cover a range of issues. For procurement professionals, all suppliers should be treated fairly at all stages
of the procurement process. Buyers should discourage the unfair use of buying power or influence and must not tolerate corruption in any form. Social responsibility is a key aspect and should address freedom of association, health and safety, abolishment of child and forced labour, excessive working hours and discrimination.
In addition to ethical conduct, policies around sustainability should address environmental issues such as pollution, carbon emissions, deforestation, recyclable materials, energy usage and end-of-life disposal to minimise the impact on the planet. It is here that HVACR CPOs can make a substantial difference. CPOs can look to innovative new technologies that increase energy efficiency and decarbonise heating, cooling and ventilation while creating healthy indoor spaces. Combining solutions for air
conditioning, cooling and heating needs can now be offered using heat pump technologies and natural refrigerants like CO2 and ammonia. These technologies are highly efficient compared to conventional technologies using HFCs/HCFCs. They also provide a sustainable and long-term solution.
As the HVACR industry continues to innovate to make products more energy efficient, durable, repairable, recyclable and as having reduced environmental impacts, insightful CPOs will embrace the shift and lead companies into a sustainable and positive future.
THE SHAPE OF THE SAUDI landscape
Industry stakeholders gather to discuss the role of VRF systems in the Kingdom, new regulation, testing methods and the credibility of industry standards
Report by Hamna Sheikh | Features Writer, Climate Control Middle East
THE eight edition of the Middle East VRF Conference, on May 28 in Riyadh, brought together industry stakeholders with varying degrees of involvement in the Variable Refrigerant Flow (VRF) industry.
Hassan Younes, Co-Founder and Co-CEO, GRFN Global, who chaired the Conference, provided an overview of the VRF technology’s progress, during which he spoke of the increase in uptake of the technology in the Kingdom. Younes, reflecting on his experience, emphasised the significant advancements and market growth VRF has experienced since its early days. Speaking on the early scepticism surrounding VRF technology around 2006-2007, and noting its market growth since then, he said: “The VRF market value since 2010 was around five or less than five billion US Dollars. Now, it’s approaching 25 billion US Dollars [in 2022]. Probably it’s a little bit more now.”
Despite the growth, Younes acknowledged several challenges impeding the broader adoption of VRF systems. He pointed out that while VRF systems may have higher upfront costs compared to traditional HVAC systems, a fair comparison should consider the electrical savings and reduced connected load VRF offers. He also highlighted the complexity in installation, noting that VRF systems require skilled technicians, which can complicate installation and maintenance. Additionally, there remains a lack of awareness about the benefits VRFs offer, and their applications, among consultants, he said. Further, compliance with standards, such as ASHRAE 15 and 15.2, poses further challenges, particularly regarding refrigerant safety, he said. And there are lingering concerns over the embodied carbon in VRF systems.
Younes shared insights from a study conducted in the UAE comparing various HVAC systems, including VRFs, aircooled chillers and water-cooled chillers, in residential and office buildings.
He noted that the cost-effectiveness of VRFs could vary significantly depending on specific project requirements, making it challenging to generalise cost benefits without a detailed design.
To address the challenges, Younes proposed several solutions. He advocated the need for more case studies to showcase the actual costs of different systems, including all design aspects. Increasing the number of certified installers could mitigate installation complexities, he said. At the same time, he acknowledged the improvements in awareness on VRF systems, thanks to conferences and publications by organisations like ASHRAE. He stressed the need for more training on compliance with relevant standards. He suggested that manufacturers use low-Global Warming Potential (GWP) refrigerants to reduce the environmental impact of VRF systems.
Younes highlighted the importance of addressing these challenges to unlock the full potential of VRF technology. “If you have, let’s say, 10,000 units in a city versus a centralised system, you know 10 large centrifugal chillers, you probably will have less leakage in these centrifugal chillers for immediate reasons. So, in order to fight this, probably we need the manufacturers now to think about these different alternatives of refrigerants that can help reduce the embodied carbon in the refrigerant part in VRF.”
Nabeel Shahin, Managing Director, AHRI MENA, speaking after Younes, highlighted how AHRI has established
performance standards for various HVAC products, such as commercial refrigeration, unitary air conditioners, applied light chillers and heating systems. He also highlighted the role of the North American Technician Excellence (NAIT), a sister organisation with certification programmes to train technicians on various HVAC systems. He further spoke on how AHRI collaborates with regional regulatory bodies like the Gulf Standards Organization (GSO) and the Saudi Standards, Metrology and Quality Organization (SASO) to establish new standards and improve energy efficiency.
Shahin focused on the different HVAC systems and their energy consumption. He compared VRF systems to chiller systems, emphasising that each has unique applications and benefits, making neither inherently superior. Energy consumption, he explained, varies significantly based on the brand and technology used. For instance, window units are among the least efficient, consuming about 2,000 watts per hour. This high consumption contributes significantly to residential electric bills, especially in regions with high ambient temperatures, where HVAC systems run extensively.
Shahin highlighted VRF systems' numerous benefits, such as energy efficiency, precise temperature and humidity control, quiet operation and design flexibility. However, he cautioned that the selection process involves considering various factors like combination ratios and piping lengths, which can affect capacity and efficiency. The diversity of indoor units and their configurations also adds complexity to system selection, he said.
Shahin’s presentation focused on AHRI's certification standards, particularly
During the Plenary Discussion. L-R: Hassan Younes, Nabil Shahin, Larbi Behloul and Mohamed Yassen
COVER STORY VRF Conference (8th Edition)
AHRI Standard 1230, which measures VRF performance. This standard, first introduced in 2010, provides a reliable method for evaluating VRF systems, ensuring their efficiency and compliance with regulatory requirements, he said. Addressing the issue of refrigerants, Shahin discussed the global transition to more environmentally friendly options due to agreements like the Montreal Protocol and the Kigali Amendment to the Protocol. He explained the challenges of adopting new refrigerants, such as R32, which, despite being more environmentally friendly, are mildly flammable and require additional safety measures. This transition is crucial for reducing GWP and aligning with international environmental standards, he said.
Shahin also highlighted AHRI's efforts to establish a local testing laboratory in Saudi Arabia, in collaboration with GCCE Lab. This laboratory is expected to be operational by the end of the year, in Dammam industrial area, he said.
Shahin emphasised the importance of AHRI certification for ensuring the quality and performance of HVAC systems. He pointed out that while the certification process adds a minimal cost, it significantly reduces risks related to performance, reliability and regulatory compliance. By investing in certified systems, stakeholders can ensure optimal performance, reduced energy consumption and alignment with global standards, ultimately contributing to sustainability and efficiency in the HVAC industry.
Shahin then sat down with Larbi Behloul, Director of Facilities Management, UAPM; and Mohamed Yassen, President, Saudi ASHRAE Chapter and Mechanical Engineering Consultant. Khatib & Alami, for a plenary discussion that Younes moderated. The focus of the discussion was on regulatory changes, industry standards and the evolving landscape of HVAC systems in the region.
Younes posed a question to Shahin about the shift in regulations in Saudi Arabia. Shahin mentioned the standards, SASO 2663 and SASO 2874. He explained that Saudi Arabia is moving towards introducing seasonal energy efficiency. “We've been in discussions with SASO to establish new requirements,” he said.
“They are thinking about adding Minimum Energy Performance Standards (MEPS) for Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio (SEER).”
Shahin said a survey involving manufacturers was conducted to decide on new SEER requirements. He said: “They are coming to a conclusion of having 10.2 minimum SEER for fixed speed systems and 11.8 SEER for variable speed systems,” he said. He emphasised the importance of this move, aligning Saudi standards with international benchmarks and making HVAC systems more efficient throughout the year.
The conversation then shifted to the impact of regulatory changes on design and costs. Yassen said: “ASHRAE 90.1 is under continuous maintenance, updated annually. New standards, like HD41, specify details about visibility of using variable refrigerant flow and also how to put consideration for all design for VRF.” He noted that the updates are crucial for ensuring efficient design and operation of HVAC systems, despite the higher initial costs associated with VRF technology.
From a facilities management viewpoint, Behloul shared his thoughts on the practical implications of the regulatory shifts. Behloul spoke of how trust is placed on consultants, but their information is not always accurate. He noted that the equipment may be labelled as AHRI-tested when it has not been. Behloul emphasised that the move is crucial, as it ensures more credibility for equipment labels and consultant studies, especially when comparing different systems like VRFs and traditional chillers. He said the industry is looking forward to new regulations and expanded testing methods, such as controls and integrated energy ratios, which will provide more reliable information.
The discussion then touched on the global transition towards low-GWP refrigerants. Shahin explained the urgency needed for making the shift, driven by the Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol. "By 2028, we need to start transitioning to lowerGWP refrigerants, with a target of 80% reduction by 2046,” he said. This ambitious goal aligns with Saudi Arabia’s proactive stance on environmental issues, having already moved away from ozone-depleting refrigerants like R22 ahead of schedule.
Khalid Mulhim, Business Development Director, Suhaimi Design - Protecooling, sharing insights, as a member of the audience, on Saudi Arabia’s existing programmes for refrigerant management and climate zoning, said: “Saudi Arabia has a good programme with the environmental department for refrigerant management since 2001. The country also has mandatory recovery systems for large chillers.”
Another member of the audience, Mohamed R Zackariah, Chief Consultant, Suhaimi Design - Protecooling, inquired about the options for low-GWP refrigerants suitable for Saudi Arabia. Shahin, addressing the complex issue, mentioned alternatives like Propane (R290), CO2 and Honeywell’s R123YZ. “Finding the right refrigerant is not easy,” he said. “We need to consider safety, toxicity, efficiency and availability. It's a million-dollar question.”
The panellists collectively agreed on the importance of training and awareness. Behloul highlighted the need for proper technician training and government support, sharing an example from Algeria, where technicians receive free recovery units as part of their education. “It's crucial to train technical teams to prevent refrigerant leakage and ensure compliance with environmental standards,” he said.
The conference was also an opportunity for the private sector to highlight its technologies. Anas Alfar, Consulting Sales & Training Engineer, Hussein & Alhassan G. Shaker Brothers For Modern Trading Company, also speaking on behalf of Midea, introduced the new V8 Series. “The story of Midea with VRF products is not new,” Alfar said. “It started in 1999. Today, after 25 years of experience in manufacturing and developing VRF technology, we are proud to say Midea is a well-known brand and a global market leader.”
Alfar highlighted the significance of the V8 series, emphasising its unique features and technological advancements. He said that the concept behind developing the V8 is about breaking the boundaries of the VRF industry with reliable quality and a range of design options.
Addressing environmental challenges, Alfar discussed how VRF systems struggle to operate efficiently in extreme climates like Saudi Arabia. "To solve this problem, Midea has invented the Shieldbox,” he said, highlighting one of the features of the V8 Series. “This innovative solution includes an IP55-rated control box equipped with an intelligent thermal management system, ensuring optimal operation even in harsh conditions.
Alfar, then introducing the V8’s Hyperlink protocol, which is designed to address installation challenges, said, “Around 22% of VRF failures are due to installation quality.” The Hyperlink allows for flexible wiring patterns, including series, tree, circle and star connections, providing more cost-effective and time-saving installation options. “With Hyperlink, you're free to use normal cables for communication wiring, reducing costs by up to 10%,” he said.
Alfar, then discussing the V8’s third key feature, the Supersense, said it equips the V8 outdoor unit with 19 sensors, the most comprehensive in the VRF industry. "Supersense can create a virtual sensor to back up a defective one, ensuring continuous operation until the problem is resolved," he said.
Alfar also addressed the design aspects of the V8 series, noting its high capacity and space-saving benefits. “The V8 comes with a total capacity for one module up to 40 HP, the largest in the industry," he said. "Combining three outdoor units will give you around 120 HP on one system." He also mentioned the V8’s side-discharge option, which provides flexible installation in critical spaces.
Alfar concluded the presentation by highlighting the unique features of the VRF indoor units, including smart and efficient air quality improvements. "The V8 VRF indoor units are dedicated to providing intelligent, efficient and safe air
solutions for urban spaces,” he said. "The V8 systems have been operating since last year in Saudi Arabia with proven efficiency and cooling performance.”
The conference also saw a presentation by Hisham Malhas, Assistant Consulting Sales Manager, SKM, who highlighted the dual nature of air conditioning systems. They ensure our environment is safe and comfortable but are also significant energy consumers, contributing to carbon emissions and high energy consumption, he said. By 2050, the global population is expected to reach 9.7 billion, and the need for air conditioning equipment will rise from 1.5 billion units to 4.4 billion units, he said. This surge in demand places a tremendous responsibility on the industry to find sustainable solutions, he said.
Malhas presented stark statistics, saying 40% of energy consumption in households worldwide is attributed to HVAC systems, with this figure rising to 60% in Saudi Arabia. The projected electricity demand will double to around 40 terawatt-hours by 2050, he said. “This is why all local, regional and international regulatory entities are imposing new regulations to enhance the efficiency of these systems,” he said.
Speaking on inverter technology as a potent solution, he described it as a method to adjust power usage to suit exact needs by manipulating the rotation and speed of compressors and motors. “Inverter technology ensures the comfort of the user while saving between 30% and 50% of energy,” Malhas said. He illustrated this with a chart comparing conventional on-off systems with inverter systems, likening the smoother operation of inverters to a comfortable car ride.
Malhas peppered his presentation with real-world examples, such as a comparison between VRF systems and conventional rooftop package units for
a 300-ton commercial building. The VRF system resulted in an annual energy cost saving of USD 16,000, with a payback period of just 3.5 years, he said. Another case study for a 40-ton residential building showed an annual energy saving of $2,731, with a payback period of around 3.1 years, he added.
“SKM is proposing two types of VRF products: The modular duct discharge Pro V6 and the mini VRF Pro VMS,” Malhas said. “The Pro V6, with a capacity range between 8 and 88 horsepower, offers flexibility and efficiency, while the mini VRF Pro VMS, suitable for residential applications, supports up to 10 indoor units per outdoor unit with impressive energy efficiency ratios.”
Addressing reliability concerns relating to VRF systems, Malhas reassured the audience by showcasing SKM’s multi-tenant function, which isolates faulty indoor units to ensure continuous operation for the remaining units. The automatic static pressure setting in SKM indoor units further simplifies installation and ensures optimal airflow, he said.
Malhas concluded his presentation by showcasing SKM’s comprehensive control solutions, from individual controllers to BMS integration, allowing for efficient management and energy savings. Malhas also revealed SKM’s plans to launch an in-house VRF product manufacturing facility in Dammam by 2025, aligning with Saudi Vision 2030’s goals for industry localisation and technology transfer.
ACTIVE AI PRESSURE CONTROL SYSTEM
Azad Ali Khan, Senior GM of Performance Management and Transition, EFSIM Facilities Management Company and Ali Shaikh, Senior GM of Operations, EFSIM Facilities Management Company, then spoke on sustainability, urbanisation, the
During a panel discussion. L-R: Hassan Younes, Abdul Zameer Ahamed Sab, Khalid Mulhim, Jalal N Al Kurdi, Ahmed D Awartani and Mohamed R Zackariah
COVER STORY
role of FM in sustainable urbanisation, VRF technology, and the optimisation benefits of an active AI pressure control system. Khan set the context by addressing the pressing issue of climate change. “Annually, we generate 37.9 gigatons of CO2 and 52.8 gigatons of CO2-equivalent,” he said, citing data from the United Nations Environment Program. “These emissions contribute to global warming, with CO2 accounting for 76%, and fluorinated gases, although only two per cent, having a high warming potential.”
Shaikh said VRF technology is a perfect fit to mitigate climate change. “VRF systems use refrigerants for heating and cooling, known for their energy efficiency and flexibility,” he said. “They are eco-friendly, energy efficient, and produce less noise pollution. They also utilise smart data analytics and optimise space utilisation, making them commercially viable long-term.”
The discussion then shifted to the active AI pressure control system.
“These systems use AI algorithms to regulate and control pressure in various applications,” Shaikh said. “They collect data, analyse it, make decisions and control actions in real-time, ensuring optimal pressure levels and improving system performance.”
Khan highlighted the optimisation benefits of integrating AI with VRF systems. He said AI-driven VRF systems lead to significant energy savings, reduced operating costs and improved comfort levels for building occupants. They also reduce maintenance requirements by identifying potential issues early, he said.
Both speakers emphasised the role of FM in sustainable urbanisation. “FM professionals have a responsibility to adopt green practices,” Khan said. “This includes using eco-friendly chemicals,
implementing IoT and AI for data analytics and focusing on renewable energy sources like solar power. In the GCC region, where 70% of electricity consumption is for air conditioning, these measures are crucial.”
GUIDELINE 41: DESIGN, INSTALLATION AND COMMISSIONING OF VRF SYSTEMS
Yassen of ASHRAE then made a technical presentation on ASHRAE Guideline 41: Design, installation and commissioning of VRF systems. “We have so many experts in VRF, but we have some standards from ASHRAE,” Yassen began. “ASHRAE, as you know, has so many standards, guidelines and books. They have a long journey with forming standards.” He highlighted the importance of ASHRAE 41, specifically for VRF systems, emphasising that it cannot be viewed in isolation. “We cannot take one standard alone and set that guideline or one identity for our design,” he said. “We are in this decision to know the most efficient selection of VRF.”
Yassen stressed the importance of safety and the need to consider various ASHRAE standards in conjunction. He urged the audience to consider safety first with ASHRAE 15, and ASHRAE 34 for refrigerant selections. These standards ensure that the refrigerant safety and selection are prioritised, he said.
Yassen noted the technical intricacies of VRF systems, differentiating between heat pump and heat recovery options. “For heat pump, we have only two options, heating, normal heating or normal cooling,” he explained. “But for heat recovery, two pipes or three pipes, we have the option to – and the freedom to – select and control zone by zone.”
Yassen addressed the visibility and
cost considerations of VRF systems, noting that while the initial cost may be higher than traditional systems, the life cycle cost should be taken into account. He also highlighted the importance of selecting the right system for different zones, using examples like schools and shopping centres to illustrate his points. “You shall select as a designer, you have to select zone with the same purpose to select one machine or multiple machines for them,” he said.
Yassen emphasised the significance of refrigerant management and ventilation, illustrating the potential risks and the necessary precautions. “Leakage normally occurs at the installation stage and during operation and maintenance,” he noted, stressing the importance of proper training and certification for installation and maintenance personnel.
A COMPREHENSIVE “COOKBOOK”
Yassen’s presentation gave way to a panel discussion on HVAC performance data. Moderated by Younes, the discussion involved Mulhim; Zackariah; Abdul Zameer Ahamed Sab, MEP Lead (Principal), AtkinRealis; Jalal N Al Kurdi, Commercial Director, Hussein & Alhassan G Shaker Brothers For Modern Trading Company; and Ahmed D Awartani, Branch Area Manager - KSA Eastern region, SKM.
Younes began the discussion by emphasising the significance of performance data, highlighting the importance given to the topic since the inception of the conference, over eight years ago. Younes referenced a controversial article from 2010 that compared VRF systems with groundsource heat pumps, which sparked debates about data accuracy and system efficiencies.
During a panel discussion. L-R: Hassan Younes, Abdul Zameer Ahamed Sab, Larbi Behloul, Khalid Mulhim and Mohamed R Zackariah
Younes posed the question, “Do we have performance data from projects that show the actual kilowatt per ton or coefficient of performance (COP)?” The panellists, as one, acknowledged the lack of accurate data, with Ahamed Sab noting the difficulty in obtaining perfect performance data for VRF systems and the challenges in convincing clients about the efficiency of selected systems.
Mulhim emphasised the need for manufacturers to provide reliable data, citing business needs and the challenges of convincing clients. He urged manufacturers to take the lead in establishing transparent data to facilitate informed decision-making.
Zackariah highlighted the need for transparency and the ability to validate performance data, noting that consultants often have to trust manufacturers' data without independent verification. He called for improved collaboration and data sharing between manufacturers and consultants to ensure accurate performance assessments.
Kurdi highlighted the evolving nature of VRF technology, mentioning the improvements manufacturers have made over time based on data collection and practice. He also discussed the advantages of VRF systems in terms of space-saving and energy efficiency compared to traditional DX systems.
Awartani discussed the discrepancies between proposed and actual data, stressing the importance of verifying operational data against engineering solutions. He mentioned European models like "pay from savings" that incentivise accurate data collection and monitoring.
Younes proposed that manufacturers should invest in projects to collect and share performance data, suggesting collaborations with consultants and clients. Kurdi shared an example of a project where VRF systems replaced mini chillers, resulting in noticeable energy savings, and promised to consider such initiatives.
Moving on, Mulhim discussed the challenges of using water-cooled VRF systems in regions with harsh climates and water scarcity, suggesting that these systems might be more suitable for areas with more favourable conditions. He also mentioned the potential of geothermal systems, although regulatory and cost issues pose significant barriers.
The panel concluded with a discussion on the future of VRF technology. Mulhim emphasised the need for a comprehensive "cookbook" or handbook for VRF systems, along with open communication between manufacturers and consultants. He predicted that the trend of VRF systems would continue to grow due to space constraints and the increasing availability of advanced controls and monitoring tools.
Kurdi pointed out the necessity of water in District Cooling projects and how VRF technology could complement such systems, emphasising the need for data collection and sharing to drive the adoption of innovative HVAC solutions.
The panellists agreed that while significant challenges remain in collecting and validating performance data for VRF systems, collaboration among manufacturers, consultants and clients is essential. By investing in data collection and sharing, the HVAC industry can make informed decisions, improve system efficiencies and, ultimately, provide better solutions for clients.
“VENDOR-ENGINEERED PACKAGED”
One panel discussion led to another –with the next on the topic, understanding the needs of consultants. It involved Ahamed Sab, Mulhim, Behloul and Zackariah, with Younes once again moderating. Younes asked, “What do we need from VRF and general suppliers?”
Zackariah, diving into the struggles faced by consultants when designing VRF systems, said: “One of the most important things is the sense of lack of transparency from the consultant's point of view. When we design any system, we almost feel a sense of full control. However, with VRF systems, we often rely on suggestions from manufacturers which might not always be the best fit, initially.”
He discussed the necessity for improved collaboration between consultants and suppliers. Zackariah also highlighted the challenges posed by vendor-engineered packages, describing them as “black boxes”. He explained: “Even ASHRAE admits that VRF systems are heavily vendor-engineered. This means we have to trust the vendor’s proposals, which can be frustrating when
we can’t validate their claims to the level we would like.”
Behloul, providing insights from a client’s perspective, stressed on the importance of client involvement in the design phase. “Clients need to move from being just clients to being involved in the design phase by hiring or training their engineers,” he said. “The consultant should ensure not only the right equipment is selected but also that commissioning is done properly.”
He recounted a past experience where clients faced numerous maintenance issues with VRF systems, highlighting the importance of proper installation and commissioning.
“Sometimes, you see a code you don't understand, and it takes ages for an engineer to come, costing additional fees,” he said. “This situation demands honesty and better knowledge transfer to the maintenance teams.”
Ahamed Sab, sharing his experiences with VRF systems in high-rise buildings, noted the limiting factors, such as static pressure drop calculations and avoiding excessive bends. He emphasised the importance of addressing these limitations, particularly in operational maintenance. He acknowledged the benefits of VRF systems in certain scenarii. “In medium-sized buildings with individual room temperature control and space-saving requirements, VRF is often the best choice, even if it involves some risk-taking,” he said.
Mulhim emphasised the need for clear requirements and transparency among clients, consultants and manufacturers. “As a consultant, I see myself in the client’s seat,” he said. “We must be clear about fresh air requirements, accessibility, maintainability and traceability.”
Mulhim stressed the importance of material quality and proper supervision. “Investing in quality materials and ensuring good supervision is crucial,” he said. “Substandard materials can jeopardise the entire system. We need a comprehensive checklist for everyone involved – clients, supervisors, designers and manufacturers.”
CPI Industry accepts no liability for the views or opinions expressed in this article, or for the consequences of any actions taken on the basis of the information provided here.
VRFs and the data narrative
While significant progress has been made, challenges remain with validating operational data that would reflect the true measure of energy efficiency of VRF systems, says Srinivasan Rangan, Senior Director – Engineering, Taqeef.
Excerpts from an interview he gave to Surendar Balakrishnan of Climate Control Middle East...
ARE VRF efficiencies in line with regulation? In terms of SEER, what are VRFs able to achieve?
VRF units, under ESMA 2019 regulations, have been regulated to maintain Minimum Efficiency Requirements, based on CSPF (Cooling Seasonal Performance Factor) under ISO 16358-1:2013/AMD 1:2019 standard. Depending on capacity Class, VRF units are mandated to have CSPF above 12.5 – 14.0 Btu/h/Watt. Speaking of General and Midea VRF units, they are able to meet – even exceed – these Minimum Efficiency Requirements.
Has the VRF industry reconciled with the need for validated operational data that would reflect the true measure of energy efficiency of VRF systems?
The VRF industry has made strides towards reconciling with the need for validated operational data to accurately measure the energy efficiency of the VRF systems. However, the process is ongoing, and there are several key aspects to consider. Standardisation and testing protocols by local regulatory authorities, like ESMA, ADQCC and Barjeel, currently do make sure that the VRF units available for use in the UAE are in line with the Minimum Efficiency Requirements. While significant progress has been made, challenges remain with validating operational data that would reflect the true measure of energy efficiency of VRF systems. There is a need for more comprehensive and widespread data collection from a variety of real-world installations, as well as continuous improvement in testing methodologies to keep pace with technological advancements. The industry continues to work towards achieving a balance between laboratory-tested performance and actual operational efficiency to provide a true measure of the energy efficiency of VRF systems.
How has workmanship progressed in terms of proper installation of VRF systems, including piping, to prevent leakage of refrigerants? For instance, improper brazing
is still prevalent. What is Taqeef doing, in particular, to train technicians?
VRF units are technologically advanced air conditioning systems, which require experts in installation, testing and commissioning to utilise the full potential of the technology. Taqeef ensures that installers of VRF units are trained to install them in line with manufacturers’ recommendation and to follow best installation practices at site. Taqeef also ensures the installation quality by frequent site visits at every stage of equipment installation of the
lengths up to 2,000 metres. These advancements in technology allow VRF units to be able to cater to such projects as villas, low-rise buildings, mid-rise buildings and high-rise buildings. Additionally, VRF units are being extensively used in residential and commercial building applications as condensing units for fresh airhandling units (FAHUs). VRF units using variable- speed (inverter) compressor and EEVs (electronic expansion valves) can modulate their capacity across a wide range, depending on the load conditions,
The main limitations for VRF units are the total piping length, the vertical piping length and the communication wiring lengths
project. In addition to these, the inhouse projects operation team in the company undertakes testing and commissioning of the VRF units to ensure trouble-free operation. With these measures, we are able to narrow down on-site issues, like refrigerant leaks and improper brazing at early stages of installation and to rectify them at the earliest possible opportunity.
Are new routes opening up for expansion of VRF applications? For instance, in high-rise buildings? For instance, is there better collaboration with architects and the need for dead spaces in high-rises for installation of outdoor units? New routes are opening up for the expansion of Variable Refrigerant Flow (VRF) applications, including in highrise buildings. The main limitations for VRF units are the total piping length, the vertical piping length and the communication wiring lengths. Currently, VRF units proposed by Taqeef can support up to 1,000 metres of total refrigerant piping network; up to 110 metres of vertical piping between the outdoor and indoor unit, which is about 30 floors; and transmission wiring
and are able to perform efficiently to the varying loads for FAHUs, which operate throughout the year with different ambient conditions. As per ASHRAE 62.1 standard for ventilation system design and acceptable Indoor Air Quality (IAQ), and also as per Local regulatory requirements, like DMGBR (Dubai Municipality Green Building Regulations), there are minimum requirements for ventilation and fresh air, which vary based on the application. For UAE, since the ambient conditions are extreme throughout the year and conditions range from high dry bulb temperatures and high RH conditions during summer to Low Dry Bulb Temperature during winter, it is difficult for a constant-speed vapour compression system to cater to this load. In these conditions, VRF systems excel, as these units can modulate the cooling capacity output, thanks to variablespeed compressor, variable-speed condenser fans and EEVs.
CPI Industry accepts no liability for the views or opinions expressed in this Q&A, or for the consequences of any actions taken on the basis of the information provided here.
MARKET FEATURE
‘Manufacturer’s reputation lot’ counts for a
Two MEP consultants hold court on all aspects air treatment and air movement
Story by Hamna Sheikh | Features Writer, Climate Control Middle East
FOR Mohamed Elnaggar, Managing Director, Adnann Contracting, evaluating the quality and reliability of air movement and air treatment equipment is a vital prerequisite for ensuring a healthy indoor environment in commercial or residential projects. Following such
steps, as reviewing engineering controls, Elnaggar says, involves assessing system design for Indoor Air Quality (IAQ), including air treatment, dissemination control strategies, and the use of information technology for monitoring and controlling air quality. “Following guidelines from organisations like ASHRAE can help determine acceptable indoor air pollutant levels and ventilation requirements,” he says.
Elnaggar highlights the importance of performance specifications, product testing and certification, manufacturer’s reputation, IAQ monitoring and assessment, energy efficiency, maintenance and serviceability, warranty and support. He recommends conducting pilot testing, if possible. “Pilot testing the equipment in a controlled environment allows you to observe its performance over time,” he says.
Mohamed Elnaggar
MARKET FEATURE
Weighing in, Imran Shaikh, Director of MEP (Middle East), Ramboll, says comprehensive assessment typically is conducted using various criteria, such as the manufacturer’s reputation, adherence to international and local standards, third-party certifications and performance data. “Additionally, we evaluate the equipment's operational history in
similar environments and consult peer reviews and client feedback,” he says, adding that factors such as energy efficiency, durability, maintenance requirements and environmental impact are paramount. Although pricing is considered, it is secondary to the long-term benefits and operational savings offered by high-quality, efficient equipment, he says.
In Elnaggar’s view, a building owner’s preferences play a crucial role, where the allocated budget influences the range of equipment options. Equally, he says, project timelines affect system selection due to varying installation times. He says the physical characteristics of a building, including its size and shape, also determine the suitability of specific equipment types, and the intended use
of the building affects air quality and comfort requirements. Architectural limitations and structural constraints, he says, may also dictate system choices. Considering the lifecycle cost – which includes installation, operation, maintenance and disposal – is important, he says, adding that systems that are easier to operate and maintain offer greater reliability and longevity.
Furthermore, Elnaggar says, balancing short-term and long-term considerations is vital; energy-efficient equipment, though potentially more expensive upfront, can significantly reduce long-term costs and improve air quality, providing health and environmental benefits. He says that while the initial purchase price is important, it should not be the sole factor; cheaper equipment might lead to higher operational costs and a larger environmental footprint, if it lacks efficiency and durability. He advocates prioritising energy efficiency and durability, claiming they lead to long-term financial health and environmental benefits.
PRICING STRUCTURES
Elnaggar says higher-quality equipment command a premium price due to superior materials, construction and performance capabilities. Suppliers often offer volume discounts for bulk purchases, affecting unit prices for large
projects, he notes. As for customdesigned systems, tailored to specific needs and equipment featuring the latest technology or innovative features, they are understandably typically priced higher, he says. Regional factors, such as manufacturing costs, taxes and import duties, can also influence prices, he says.
Shaikh says: “Pricing structures can vary significantly based on the brand, technology and added features. Unfortunately, a capex-focused approach can sometimes lead building owners to opt for counterfeit products, compromising quality and safety. While not rampant, this issue is significant enough to warrant strict due diligence and supplier verification.”
SMART TECHNOLOGIES
Modern equipment, Shaikh says, frequently incorporates energy-efficient motors, advanced filtration systems and smart controls, all of which reduce energy consumption and operational costs. He adds that these systems not only decrease greenhouse gas emissions but also provide substantial cost savings over their lifecycle, thereby improving both environmental sustainability and economic viability. Shaikh highlights that future advancements are expected to emphasise on smart technologies, enhanced energy-recovery systems and integration with building management systems. Developments in artificial intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things (IoT) will enable predictive maintenance and more efficient operation, further promoting sustainability and cost-effectiveness in the sector, he says.
DUCTWORK SYSTEMS
Speaking specifically on air movement, Elnaggar highlights that the design of ductwork systems is crucial for minimising leakage, requiring compatibility with the system's operating pressure and adherence to different pressure classifications. He says that regular leakage testing is essential to ensure the system operates as designed, maintains optimal operational costs, and addresses environmental and energy-
saving concerns. Leaks typically occur at seams and joints, he says, adding that they should be sealed with mastic or aluminum tape to ensure a durable seal. Broadly speaking, he says, regular inspections and maintenance help identify and fix leaks early, preventing energy loss. Ductwork, he says, should be isolated and sealed before completion, with sections pressurised using specialised equipment. Adding to this, Shaikh says: “We employ rigorous design protocols, including the use of highquality materials, precision-sealing techniques, and regular inspection and maintenance schedules. Additionally, we incorporate advanced modelling tools to ensure optimal duct design and airflow efficiency.”
REGULATIONS AND STANDARDS
Touching upon a crucial aspect, Shaikh says the UAE is actively strengthening its regulations to promote sustainability and energy efficiency. Future standards, he says, are expected to enforce stricter energy performance requirements and mandatory certifications for HVAC systems, aligning with global best practices. He notes that regional regulations are increasingly aligning with international standards while addressing the unique climatic challenges of the Middle East. He points to the emphasis on energy efficiency and sustainability, which he adds is comparable to that in leading regions like Europe and North America, yet tailored to local environmental conditions.
Weighing in, Elnaggar says: “Climate change is leading to more stringent building regulations and air quality standards worldwide. While there are commonalities in the goals of these regulations – such as improving air quality and energy efficiency and reducing environmental impact – the specific standards and approaches can vary significantly, based on local conditions and priorities.”
CPI Industry accepts no liability for the views or opinions expressed in this article, or for the consequences of any actions taken on the basis of the information provided here.
Imran Shaikh
Dr Bahnfleth, Dr Zataari
ASHRAE webinar headline IAQ on
Event discusses ASHRAE Standard
241,
emphasising the need for balancing good IAQ with energy efficiency
Report by Surendar Balakrishnan | Editor, Climate Control Middle East
THE ASHRAE Falcon Chapter (UAEAFC), in cooperation with HawaQ, conducted a webinar on June 5 to discuss ASHRAE Standard 241, with an emphasis on balancing the need for good Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) with energy efficiency. The online seminar delved into approaches to sustainably manage infectious aerosols and to uphold superior IAQ.
The marquee speakers were Dr William Bahnfleth, Fellow/Presidential Member ASHRAE, and principal author of ASHRAE Standard 241; Dr Marwa Zaatari, Associate Member ASHRAE; Dr Lidia Morawska, Distinguished Professor at QUT; Abdulaziz Jaffer, Health and Safety Department, Dubai Municipality; and Erik Malmstrom, CEO, Safetraces.
Osama Al Masri of the ASHRAE Falcon Chapter was the moderator.
Dr Morawska, speaking first, discussed the importance of looking at the cost benefits of chilling the air. For any New Construction, she said, whatever the currency that is spent on designing better buildings, there is a USD 10 benefit, so it is somewhat easier to calculate in the case of New Construction. Retrofitting Existing Buildings for IAQ, on the other hand, she said, poses a few challenges. “But, there is a huge opportunity for improving IAQ,” she said.
Dr Morawska, speaking on the extent of the benefit of better IAQ, pointed to an article on China in The Lancet that appeared in 2023. “The corresponding
POST-EVENT REPORT
financial cost of IAQ pollution was USD 411 billion,” she said. “It accounted for over three per cent of China’s GDP for residential houses.” The situation is not unique to China, she said. Indeed, it could be compared to other countries.
Dr Morawska said it is important to have IAQ-related guidelines. Generally speaking, she said, guidelines focus on protection of the human population from air pollution; they are based only on health. IAQ standards, though, are different, she said. They include additional compliance parameters. They focus on the difference between indoor air and outdoor air. And every indoor space is different in terms of concentration of pollutants. We cannot use bulky and expensive compliancemonitoring devices in all IAQ-related situations, she said.
Dr Morawska spoke of the need for measuring various parameters. Ingress of outdoor pollutants includes dust storms and traffic-related emissions, she said; they are not only pandemic-related. Keeping this in mind, she proposed a consensus document (see Table, below) that could be a blueprint for good IAQ. Different jurisdictions may choose different values, Dr Morawska said, but once they modify, they can use the blueprint.
Dr Zaatari, speaking after Dr Morawska, emphasied the need for building resilience against not only airborne diseases but also wildfires. She spoke of a paradigm shift that intertwines health and wellness and also
consideres decarbonisation. Building health should not come at the cost of decarbonisation, she said.
Speaking specifically on ASHRAE Standard 62.1 that was updated in the last few years to provide high IAQ even in normal mode, she said most US states have adopted it. Giving the 62.1 perspective – definition – on ventilation, she highlighted that it is not just outdoor air. “It is a combination of outdoor air and air that has been cleaned,” she said.
Then, speaking on Ventilation Rate Procedure (VRP), Dr Zaatari characterised it as a prescriptive approach. The VRP concept, she said, depends on dilutions to improve IAQ. Most buildings today ensure better IAQ through permitting more conditioned outside air to “refresh” the indoor air, she said. This, she added, results in an increase in operating costs for the building owner and higher greenhouse gas emissions through the use of larger and more expensive HVAC systems. But what if the outside air itself is polluted, she asked, adding that the world must accept the fact that outdoor air might not be fresh air. Pointing to the WHO PM limit as being 5 micrograms/ m3 as an example, she said it is higher outside. “So it is better to keep it outside,” she said.
Compared to VRP, IAQP (Indoor Air Quality Procedure) is a better approach, Dr Zaatari said. IAQP is a performancebased approach, she said. “It allows less outside air when incorporating
Proposed IAQ Standards
source control and/or filtration and air cleaning,” she said. It is equivalent or better than VRP, especially when outside air is polluted, or unusual contaminants are present.” She said the energy consumed through IAQP is often lower, because a portion of the outside air is replaced with cleaned indoor air. In terms of cost, she said IAQP paves the way for lower operating expenses through energy savings and lower capital equipment costs from HVAC load reduction.
Addressing the word doing the rounds that IAQP is complicated, she said that ASHRAE in May 2024 introduced an IAQP Calculator. It is simple to use, she said, because all that the user needs to do is to enter inputs, like square footage, and the calculator does the rest.
Pointing to another objection – “Would reducing the intake of outdoor air not lower the intake of oxygen?” – Dr Zaatari said the outdoor concentration of oxygen is 21% If the ventilation rate equals 16 cfm/person, she said, the oxygen concentration indoors is 20.9%. If the ventilation rate equals 5 cfm/person, the oxygen concentration indoors is 20.8%. In other words, she said, the figures represent the same effective oxygen rate if one went into the 12th floor of a building. “The change is minimal,” she said. “Playing with outdoor air within these limits is not going to affect oxygen concentration, indoors.”
Dr Bahnfleth, then speaking on the topic, “ASHRAE Standard 241-2023 Conrol of Infectious Aerosols”, laid the foundation for his presentation by defining infectious aerosols as airborne particles containing active pathogens capable of causing infection. These aerosols, he said, are produced by respiratory activities and come in a wide range of sizes. The largest particles, he said, settle rapidly, whereas the smallest particles remain suspended in the air for longer periods of time.
Dr Bahnfleth said it became quite clear after the experience with the pandemic that the damage from such diseases arises when they are novel and varied like COVID was. He said the purpose and scope of the standard is to establish minimum requirements for controlling infectious aerosols to reduce the risk of airborne disease transmission. The standard, he said, applies to non-residential, residential and health care facilities, Existing Buildings, New Constructions, renovations and additions. The standard, which he said addresses long-range transmission, proposes equivalent clean air flow for Infection Risk Management Mode (IRMM). He said the standard does not replace minimum acceptable IAQ standards.
Addressing IRMM specifically, Dr Bahnfleth described it as the mode of operation in which measures to reduce infectious aerosol exposure, documented in a Building Readiness Plan, are active. Answering the question, “Why not all the time?” he said doing so would mean a potential increase in energy use and cost. Also, the risk of infection and consequences of infection,
he said, would vary over a wide range.
With that established, he said, it is up to public health officials, owners of buildings and occupants to decide when to switch on to IRMM. “We are putting resilience into IAQ standards with 241,” Dr Bahnfleth said by way of explaining IRMM.
Explaining Equivalent Clean Airflow (ECA), Dr Bahnfleth said the flow rate of pathogen-free air, if distributed uniformly within the breathing zone, would have the same effect on infectious aerosol concentration as the sum of actual outdoor airflow, filtered airflow and the inactivation of infectious aerosols.
Then, speaking on air cleaning – one of the key aspects of the standard, he said the aim is to reduce infectious aerosol concentration through capture and removal or inactivation. Air-cleaning technologies, he said, would include mechanical filters, germicidal ultraviolet light, ionisers and photocatalytic oxidation. “Mention of specific technologies in the standard,” he clarified, “is not endorsement.”
Dr Bahnfleth said the goal of the standard is to create a level playing field for all technologies. Saying that lack of information and standards relating to aircleaning systems was a major problem during the COVID pandemic, he added that it is essential to test for effectiveness and safety of the inteventions. He defined effectiveness as the ability to remove or inactivate infectious aerosols and safety as preventing any adverse effects from direct exposure (UV-C, oxidants) and secondary contaminants (particles and ozone).
Then, speaking on the benefits of basing requirements on ECA, he elaborated on the importance of quantifying the combined effect of all controls – outdoor air and air-cleaning systems. He also spoke of the need for enabling the use of alternatives to outdoor air to reach targets, which he added would provide better flexibility to meet objectives and lower the energy use of solutions.
Speaking after him, Jaffer from Dubai Municipality said IAQ mattered a lot in Dubai and in the UAE, considering that people spend up to 93% of their time indoors. Dubai’s climate, characterised by hot summers, and extensive use of air conditioning can impact IAQ, he said. Rapid urbanisation and construction activities, he said, contribute to indoor air pollution.
Saying that Dubai Municipality is committed to ensuring good IAQ, he said the government agency pioneered the first-of-its-kind regional technical guide for IAQ, which provides best practices for building owners and occupancts for maintaining healthy indoor environments.
The Dubai Municipality, Jaffer said, actively conducts various studies and projects relating to IAQ. These studies, he said, focus on critical areas. Dubai Municipality, he said, incorporates the resulting insights into regulations and daily monitoring activities.
CPI Industry accepts no liability for the views or opinions expressed in this article, or for the consequences of any actions taken on the basis of the information provided here.
Empower CEO advocates global adoption of District Cooling at IDEA Conference 2024
H.E. Ahmad Bin Shafar calls for global legislation to embrace District Cooling to accelerate the transition to a low-carbon future
By CCME Content Team
H.E. AHMA D Bin Shafar, CEO, Emirates Central Cooling Systems Corporation (Empower), participating as Keynote Speaker in the International District Energy Association (IDEA) Conference 2024, in Orlando, Florida, in the United States, called for global legislation to embrace District Cooling to accelerate the transition to a low-carbon future. The conference ran from June 17 to 20.
Empower was one of the participants in the conference, themed ‘District Energy for Sustainable Cities’, which brought together leaders and decisionmakers in the global energy sector.
According to Empower, in his address, H.E. Bin Shafar highlighted the efficiency of District Cooling systems in reducing energy consumption in the cooling sector and their crucial role in accelerating the transition to a lowcarbon future. Empower said that during the discussion, H.E. Bin Shafar shared Empower’s pioneering experience in the District Cooling industry, especially its advanced management and control technologies. Empower quoted H.E. Bin Shafar as saying: “Empower is one of the key partners of various United Nations Environment Program initiatives. We will continue supporting the UN and the District Cooling industry in all their efforts for greater deployment of this energy-efficient solution. We are also collaborating with industry experts and universities to research next-generation District Cooling systems.”
Empower said H.E. Bin Shafar highlighted that technological advancements in the District Cooling sector are crucial for conserving electricity and water. H.E. Bin Shafar said, “Dubai is one of the early adopters
of Treated Sewage Effluent and Thermal Energy Storage technologies in the District Cooling sector that are significantly effective in conserving potable water and energy.”
H.E. Bin Shafar said: “We proceed in light of the wise vision and directives of His Highness Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, Vice President and Prime Minister of the UAE and Ruler of Dubai, to transform Dubai into a centre of excellence in the technologies necessary to reach carbon neutrality by 2050, in line with its ambitious plans and various strategies.”
Empower said H.E. Bin Shafar highlighted how District Cooling has become a key component of energy systems that form the basis of sustainable, economic and urban development, underscoring its importance for large-scale and highdensity projects, such as business
districts, airports, universities, residential towers and commercial establishments. The District Cooling company added that H.E. Bin Shafar emphasised that supportive government policies and collaboration with local power providers are essential for the effective deployment of District Cooling systems.
Empower said H.E. Bin Shafar emphasised that the Dubai government is targeting 40% penetration of District Cooling systems by 2030 in Dubai, recognising that about 70% of the energy used in buildings is for space cooling in the region. The economic and societal benefits of District Cooling systems, Empower said, make it logical for all individuals and institutions to collaborate to develop and deploy this strategic industry and expand its geographical scope to become a global language across all countries for a carbon-free future.
H.E. Ahmad Bin Shafar
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District Energy conference in US honours Empower with four international awards
H.E. Ahmad Bin Shafar praises Dubai’s early investments in the industry and affirms the company's dedication to advancing District Cooling technology, worldwide
By CCME Content Team
EMIRATES Central Cooling Systems Corporation (Empower) won four awards at the International District Energy Association (IDEA) Annual Conference and Exhibition (IDEA2024), from June 17 to 20 in Orlando, Florida, in the United States. Making the announcement through a Press Release, Empower said the awards included ‘Innovation Award Honorable Mention for Integrated Metering Solutions’, ‘Innovation Award Honorable Mention for Chiller Efficiency Improvement’ at Business Bay 02 and two IDEA Gold awards for ‘The number of buildings committed’ and ‘The total building area committed’.
According to Empower, IDEA organised the conference under the
theme, ‘District Energy for Sustainable Cities’. Empower said the event featured delegations from over 30 countries and hosted hundreds of experts and specialists from the global District Cooling industry.
Speaking on the occasion, H.E. Ahmad Bin Shafar, CEO, Empower, said: "Dubai's leadership has always been internationally recognized for its ability to create opportunities from challenges. Empower's winning of these global awards reflects this renewed global recognition of Dubai's foresight in making early investments in the District Cooling industry. This recognition is a tribute and testament from leaders in the District Cooling industry to Dubai, which addressed the challenges of
climate change two decades ago by adopting state-of-the-art District Cooling solutions, making it one of the world's leading cities in this field."
Highlighting Dubai's role as a hub for the District Cooling industry, Bin Shafar said: “Empower’s ongoing efforts to transform the District Cooling industry, worldwide, from its base in Dubai, and its pioneering and pivotal role in establishing the highest standards in this vital industry, whether in terms of energy and cost savings or protecting resources and the environment, are well appreciated, globally. This award honors our continuous efforts in promoting the culture of District Cooling systems and recognises our relentless endeavours
and constant quest to harness the technologies of the fourth Industrial Revolution in production, control, distribution and customer service operations, enhancing the District Cooling sector, worldwide.”
H.E. Bin Shafar stressed that Empower will continue to develop its District Cooling systems to surpass international standards, providing high-quality services to meet the large and increasing demand for District Cooling across various projects in different fields, in line with the strategic direction of the Emirate of Dubai.
“The IDEA Conference 2024,” he said, “was a success due to the richness of its agenda and the topics covered, which focused on current trends and the future of the energy industry and technologies, as well as the importance of contributing to international efforts to shape a more resilient, efficient and low-carbon future for humanity.”
Former ministerial aide advises on management of storm water
Dominic McPolin, former advisor to the Minister of Works, Bahrain, highlights solutions for stormwater management in a Middle East context
By Hamna Sheikh, Features Writer, Climate Control Middle East
DOMINIC McPolin, former advisor, Office of the Minister, Bahrain Ministry of Works, referring to stormwater management systems in London, said storm water is often connected to the sewage system. This practice, he said, leads to severe pollution problems when sewage systems become overloaded and overflow into rivers.
McPolin emphasised that such an approach is unsuitable for urban areas in the Middle Eastern, where retrofitting existing infrastructure to
handle combined drainage is impractical. He proposed developing a separate, large-scale, independent drainage system with dedicated outfalls, particularly along the coast, where it can be more easily managed. However, McPolin acknowledged the challenges that come with implementing
Danfoss Drives, Honeywell sign MoU
Join forces to enhance collaboration, aiming to reduce downtime and lower engineering costs
By CCME Content Team
DANFOSS Drives signed a nonbinding memorandum of understanding (MoU) with Honeywell to explore a possible collaboration on innovating automation solutions with an integrated architecture, aiming to reduce downtime and lower engineering costs.
Making the announcement through a Press Release, Danfoss said automation solutions are traditionally used to enhance efficiency, precision, safety and quality across various industries, such as manufacturing, process industries, energy and utilities, automotive industries and agriculture.
Marko Zubic, Danfoss Drives Sales Director, Türkiye, Middle East and Africa, said: “Both companies, Honeywell and Danfoss Drives, are already present in
such a system. The maintenance of these drainage systems is costly, as they remain empty most of the time and fill with sand, requiring significant upkeep to keep them ready for use, he said.
McPolin said: “We used to seal gullies to stop the sand going in, because the maintenance cost is enormous, just to have them ready for that two-week period. When you pile all of that, the capital, the incredible maintenance of keeping empty pipes free of debris and sand, in particular, going into the gullies, it’s an enormous cost. It’s a political decision whether or not that level of mega-network can be sustained economically, even spatially.”
McPolin highlighted the importance of adopting innovative, localised strategies for stormwater management in the Middle East. These solutions, he said, ought to be customised to address specific regional challenges, offering practical alternatives to traditional, costly infrastructure projects.
most of chemical, process and energy plants across MENA region with our solutions and products. With this partnership and integration, we will be able to offer unmatched opportunity to our customers to optimize their plant performance through supreme process control based on actual plant data.”
Dominic McPolin
GLOBAL NEWS
ASHRAE Annual Conference 2024 concludes in Indianapolis
ASHRAE says the focus of the upcoming Society Year will be on workforce development
By CCME Content Team
ASHRAE said it concluded a successful 2024 ASHRAE Annual Conference, held from June 22 to 26 in Indianapolis, in the US state of Indiana. Making the announcement through a Press Release, ASHRAE said 2,040 registered HVAC&R and building science professionals and supporters gathered at the event to discuss key topics, such as legislative initiatives, building decarbonisation and artificial intelligence.
According to ASHRAE, registrants explored more than 80 sessions across eight technical tracks. The top-attended sessions, ASHRAE said, included:
• Seminar 19: LIVESTREAM: Farewell VRP: Paving the Way for Indoor Air in the Future of Ventilation and Air Quality
• Seminar 41: LIVESTREAM: Advancements of Low-GWP Refrigerants
• Seminar 39: Simplifying the Electrification of Hydronic Systems
• Seminar 42: LIVESTREAM: Changing World for Electric and Thermal Batteries
• Seminar 12: How High Can You Get with High Temperature Heat Pumps?
In addition to being able to attend the Annual Conference, ASHRAE said, registrants had full access to the 2024 ASHRAE Conference For Integrated Design, Construction & Operations (CIDCO), held from June 24 to 26 in Indianapolis. CIDCO Seminar 1: AI and Building Performance: An Overview and Practical Application drew strong attendance, ASHRAE said.
Registration is still available for
virtual access to both conferences, which includes technical session quizzes and PDH certificates, ASHRAE said.
The main event also saw the installation of M. Dennis Knight, Fellow Life Member, ASHRAE, as 2024-25 ASHRAE Society President. During his inaugural address as President, Knight introduced ASHRAE’s new Society Year theme, “Empowering Our Workforce: Building a Sustainable Future”. He highlighted the importance of identifying and attracting more professionals to the HVAC&R industry in order to meet growing demand precipitated by world events, ASHRAE quoted him as saying.
Knight said: “Over the last several years, we accepted the challenge of being vital players in addressing the most severe threats to our planet in our lifetimes: The COVID-19 pandemic and the climate crisis. That said, our industry is facing its own crisis. One that will hinder our ability to meet the challenges we have accepted, the targets we have set and the commitments we have made. That crisis is with our workforce – or more appropriately, the lack of skilled people like you, who have the capability and desire to choose a career in Heating, Ventilation, Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration (HVACR). The truth is, we need more people like YOU. Your skills, your passion and your
commitment are what will drive our industry forward and ensure its viability for years to come.”
A highlight of the Conference was the 2023-24 Decarbonization Challenge Project Review, ASHRAE said, adding that through the Decarbonization Challenge, introduced by Presidential Member Ginger and administered by the Young Engineers in ASHRAE (YEA), selected chapters were awarded grants to assist with the implementation of community-based decarbonisation projects. During the livestreamed review session, the nine awarded chapters shared updates and project lessons learnt, ASHRAE said. The Challenge awarded a total of USD 65,850, with additional matching funds from partnering organisations of the selected projects, and is expected to save 2.3 million kilograms of CO2, ASHRAE said.
ASHRAE said that in her final State of the Society address, Scoggins provided an overview of the accomplishments made during the 2023-24 Society Year.
Scoggins said: “Reflecting on the past year, we have made significant strides in our efforts to advocate for expanded decarbonization of buildings to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. We wanted to provide an understanding of how climate change affects building planning, design, construction and operation and how building decarbonization will be necessary to properly execute projects, going forward. I am pleased to say that ASHRAE committed – YOU committed –to equipping yourselves the knowledge and tools needed to design and operate low-carbon buildings. ASHRAE members worldwide have accepted the challenge of providing meaningful leadership, action, resources, and advocacy to the
global built environment. I am very proud of what we have accomplished during this Society Year.”
ASHRAE said that the AHRAE Learning Institute (ALI) offered 8 courses during the Conference. The top-attended courses, ASHRAE said, were:
• V in HVAC – Health and Energy
Improvements Using the Indoor Air Quality Procedures
• Building Energy Modelling Fundamentals and Applications
• Variable Refrigerant Flow System Design & Application
All registered attendees, both inperson and virtual, will have access to
the virtual conference platform during the conference and 12 months postconference, AHRAE said.
ASHRAE informed that the 2025 ASHRAE Winter Conference will take place from February 8 to 12 in Orlando, in the US state of Florida. The AHR Expo will take place from February 10 to 12, 2025.
ASHRAE launches Center of Excellence for Building Decarbonization
Society says the initiative aims to expand efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in buildings
By CCME Content Team
ASHRAE launched a Center of Excellence for Building Decarbonization (CEBD), which it said would drive the adoption of climate change-mitigation policies and reinforce its goal of achieving net-zero greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions for all new buildings by 2030.
Making the announcement through a Press Release, ASHRAE said the CEBD’s primary activities include:
• Strategy: Guide ASHRAE's building decarbonisation efforts and integrate relevant goals into the Society's strategic plan. Develop, lead and collaborate on strategic initiatives with partner organisations to accelerate and advance global building decarbonisation.
• Thought Leadership: Track emerging issues and trends to showcase ASHRAE's leadership position.
• Collaboration: Coordinate joint initiatives, events and projects with US and international organisations that compliment ASHRAE’s building decarbonisation efforts.
• Public Advocacy: Provide reliable technical information on decarbonisation to policymakers, media and the public.
M. Dennis Knight, President, ASHRAE, said: "Our decision to establish the ASHRAE Center of
Excellence for Building Decarbonization represents a strategic move towards amplifying our impact on climate change mitigation in the built environment. By making building decarbonization a focal point of our technical resources and advocacy, we are broadening our capacity to drive systemic change. The CEBD signifies ASHRAE's dedication to empowering stakeholders with essential resources and educational opportunities and underscores our pivotal role in shaping a more sustainable future.”
AHRAE said the CEBD is releasing two new technical guides:
• Decarbonizing Hospital Buildings: Available now, the guide assists hospital facility managers, planners, architectural and engineering teams, and other stakeholders in reducing GHG emissions.
• Decarbonizing Building Thermal Systems: A How-To Guide for Heat Pump Systems and Beyond: Coming soon, the
guide supports design engineers and building operators in decarbonisation efforts, covering application, sizing, system configuration, refrigerants, electrical requirements and control strategies.
Meanwhile, ASHRAE said it has reinstated its ASHRAE Decarbonization Challenge Fund for a second year. The year-long competitive grant programme implements decarbonisation projects within local ASHRAE chapters, for which CEBD has also welcomed donations to further impact initiatives, ASHRAE said. Members of the ASHRAE CEBD are:
• Kent Peterson, Presidential Fellow ASHRAE, chair
• Blake E. Ellis, Fellow ASHRAE, vice chair
• Ghina Annan, M.Eng., Applied Energy
• Constantinos Balaras, Ph.D., Tech Council liaison
During the 68th Eurovent Annual Meeting, in Brussels, the Eurovent Commission re-elected Lennart Ostergaard as Chairperson and appointed Marta San Roman as Vice-Chairperson
By CCME Content Team
THE Eurovent Commission reelected Lennart Ostergaard, Senior Manager, VELTEK Ventilation, as its Chairperson, for a second term. Making the announcement through a Press Release, Eurovent said Marta San Roman, Director General at Asociación de Fabricantes de Equipos de Climatización (AFEC), the Spanish association of HVAC
manufacturers, appointed as ViceChairperson with a mandate of serving for a year-long term, would support Ostergaard.
Eurovent that San Roman has more than 30 years of international experience and knowledge, obtained from various positions in research and development, product management and marketing strategy.
Ostergaard said: “I am truly honoured to be re-elected for the next three years as the Commission Chairperson by my skilled and talented fellow European associations, as we are facing many important topics on the European level that we need to address in the coming period. The most important overall topic for us is the green transition of our societies and the HVAC industry. The industry must respond to the imperative that we need to decarbonise our products and solutions, alongside the fact that our customers still need us to provide the best possible energy efficiency during service and a healthy and comfortable indoor climate. These goals might sometimes be in conflict, and we must, therefore, work on finding the right balance, help to educate all relevant stakeholders, and contribute with our expertise in strong advocacy in relation to expected revisions of legislation, standards and guidelines.”
Following her appointment as Vice-Chairperson, San Roman said: “It is a great pleasure to have a chance to further contribute to Eurovent from a new angle, as the Commission Vice-Chairperson and as part of the Board. The three pillars of the recently published Eurovent Manifesto will be a key focus for us in the next term:
A frictionless Single Market for sustainable products, where we will push for a consensus on the methodology for assessing product sustainability across the EU; the implementation of the Green Deal policies to minimise uncertainty; and [to] have a more stable legal framework. This can help us make faster and better investment decisions to place on the market the most suitable solutions to achieve the decarbonisation and just transition goals; last but not least, the push for an effective European industrial strategy to attract more professionals to our sector, reduce
Marta San Roman and Lennart Ostergaard
supply chain risks and address regulatory issues, among others. All this keeps us, the people, in the centre of all actions.”
Eurovent said its Member Associations are represented in the Eurovent Commission, which is
Eurovent’s steering committee. The Eurovent Commission defines the general political guidelines of the association along with monitoring and mediating the activities of its subordinated Product Groups, Eurovent said. It also serves
as a forum for the exchange of information and cooperation between the Member Associations and ensures that Eurovent positions are representing wider European interests across all sizes of enterprises, Eurovent said.
FOUNDED TO LEAD
Allied has grown into one of the leading Engineering and Project Management firms in the Middle East, boasting offices in 3 major Countries in the Middle East (Egypt, United Arab Emirates, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia).
Allied offers full range of Engineering and Project Management services provided by nearly 140 dedicated professionals distributed among Egypt, UAE and KSA.
The company is a multidisciplinary consulting firm and has a track record and specialization in Buildings, Industrial Works and District Cooling and Power Generation Plants.
EIA paper explores major opportunities to reduce GHGs
A range of significant ODSes and other fluorochemical greenhouse gas emissions that are unreported, unaccounted for and, in several cases, are unexpected, point to challenges for the Montreal Protocol, the authors say
By CCME Content Team
ANEW paper, published this week, outlines significant greenhouse gas mitigation opportunities under the global ozone treaty – the Montreal Protocol.
The paper, in the Journal of Integrated Environmental Issues, written by Environmental Investigation Agency (EIA) climate campaigners from its UK and US offices, highlights the important role of the 1987 Montreal Protocol in phasing out 99% of ozone-depleting substances (ODSes).
Since ODSes are also harmful greenhouse gases, action taken under the Protocol has avoided as much as 2.5 degrees C warming by the end of the century.
The treaty is now primarily concerned with reducing climatedamaging hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs),
which have been widely adopted as alternatives to ODSes, especially as refrigerants in cooling appliances. HFCs are the fastest growing greenhouse gases, but the Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol, agreed in 2016, seeks to reduce their production and consumption by up to 85% by 2045.
However, a range of significant ODSes and other fluorochemical greenhouse gas emissions that are unreported, unaccounted for and, in several cases, are unexpected, point to challenges for the Montreal Protocol. Their primary sources are feedstocks, by-products and intermediates in fluorochemical production processes, which are not currently controlled.
The paper estimates that these avoidable emissions amount to almost 870 million tonnes of carbon-dioxide
equivalent per year, higher than the 2022 annual emissions of Germany, Canada or Mexico.
Clare Perry, Lead author and EIA UK Climate Campaign Leader, said: “The Montreal Protocol is well known as the most successful environmental treaty, but it can and must do much more.
“What began as the ozone treaty can achieve some important climate mitigation, which we need now more than ever. This treaty has delivered time and again, and it is simply a question of whether the political will of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol is there to do more.”
Avipsa Mahapatra, EIA US Climate Campaign Director, said: “The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change warns that our current trajectory is insufficient to cap warming at 1.5 degrees. The Montreal Protocol must ensure deep, sustained and accelerated emissions cuts through strengthened monitoring, reporting and enforcement of fluorochemical emissions and establishing a global framework to recover and destroy these super-pollutants from old equipment and products.”
The authors suggest some areas where strengthened controls under the Montreal Protocol can reduce fluorochemical greenhouse gas emissions, namely:
• Strengthening monitoring, reporting, verifying and enforcing to enhance compliance
• Placing obligations on fluorochemical producers to minimise emissions of feedstocks, intermediates, process agents and byproducts
• Developing a global framework to recover and destroy ODSes and HFCs in ‘banks’ of old equipment and products
• Addressing nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from industrial processes – N2O is currently the most significant ODS in the world and the third most prevalent greenhouse gas
• Accelerating the global HFC phasedown under the Montreal Protocol through an adjustment to the Kigali Amendment.
Process underway for Sest, Air Hex Alonte merger with LU-VE
The company has secured approval for the merger of its wholly owned subsidiaries, Sest S.p.A. and Air Hex Alonte S.r.l into its operation
By CCME Content Team
FOLLOWING a press release issued on May 13, 2024, LU-VE S.p.A. announced through a press release that its Board of Directors, which met in notarial form, has approved the merger by incorporation into LU-VE of the wholly owned subsidiaries Sest S.p.A. and Air Hex Alonte on the basis of a relevant joint merger plan.
According to LU-VE, the merger was also approved by the Shareholders' Meetings of Sest and AHA on May 13.
According to the press release, the Merger aims to simplify the corporate structure and governance structures of the LU-VE Group. The company said that the objective is to optimise internal processes, contain costs and simplify the structure of the shareholding chain, ensuring greater efficiency, and operational effectiveness from economic, managerial and financial points of view. By the concentration of functions in a single company instead of the current three, LUVE said, significant savings and benefits can be achieved, such as reduction in administrative, managerial and organisational costs, and greater functionality and efficiency from economic, managerial and financial points of view.
LU-VE noted that while the merger is a "transaction between related parties" under Consob Regulations 17221/2010 and the LU-VE Procedure for Transactions
with Related Parties, it is exempt from the procedural requirements, since it involves subsidiaries with no significant interests of other related parties.
R- 410A
The refrigerant with high energy efficiency index
The reference product for commercial refrigeration
The refrigerant used in home air conditioning
The low GWP alternative to R-410A in Air Conditioning systems
The reference refrigerant for motor vehicle air conditioning
refrigeration
HTMS showcases its Maxwell nanofluid technology at IDEA District Cooling Conference
Says the technology increased thermal energy and heat transfer capacity by up to 15% in existing HVAC systems
By CCME Content Team
HT Materials Science (HTMS) showcased its patented nanofluid, Maxwell at the 2024 IDEA Conference, from June 17 to 20 in Orlando, Florida, in the United States.
Maxwell helps reduce emissions and increase capacity and savings in commercial and industrial cooling and heating systems, HTMS said. Maxwell contains sub-micron aluminium oxide particles in a base fluid of water or water/glycol that makes the transfer of energy more efficient, the company
said. It can be dropped into any system to product results immediately, the company added.
According to HTMS, Maxwell increases thermal energy and heat transfer capacity by up to 15% in existing HVAC systems—which can make a significant dent, given the fact that heating and cooling account for about half of global final energy consumption and 40% of global energy-related carbon dioxide emissions. HTMS said it has completed nearly two-dozen installations globally to date, including at malls, data centres, warehouses, residential complexes and educational campuses for clients such as Amazon, Ericsson Telecom, Regeneron, Saudi Aramco and Tabreed.
The Tabreed project, HTMS said, was at one of Tabreed’s District Cooling plants in Abu Dhabi, which supplies chilled water to a 600,000-square-foot educational campus. Based on the results achieved, HTMS said, Tabreed was able to extrapolate and say that using Maxwell across its 89 District Cooling plants could help it save over 220,000 tons of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, annually – or the equivalent of removing 43,500 cars from the roads every year.
The installation at Tabreed, HTMS said, would count as one of the company’s marquee projects, considering the District Cooling provider is the world’s largest District Cooling company.
HTMS said cities, communities, campuses and clusters are implementing District Energy infrastructure to mitigate and prepare for the impacts of climate change, cut emissions and provide a more robust, resilient and connected local economy.
TECHNICAL SUPERVISOR
As part of the HVAC Aftermarket team, you will install, service, repair and carry out preventative maintenance on refrigeration systems and equipment such as...
As a Senior Technician, you will use your strong HVAC technical knowledge to execute site surveys and carry out full dilapidation reports, inspecting all refrigeration components and recommending system enhancements, upgrades and replacements, as necessary. You will understand the customer requirements and concerns by meeting them on a regular basis and provide them required technical services and repair for HVAC systems.
You’re determined and consistent in your approach to work, managing multiple priorities simultaneously because of your excellent planning, and time management skills.
Requirements:
• Diploma in Mechanical Engineering, or equivalent
• Minimum of 5 years’ experience in servicing, maintenance and overhauling of HVAC-R Systems
• Proven technical knowledge and experience of working on HVAC-R systems (box fans, compact fans, centrifugal fans, valves and motors)
• Ability to read and understand electrical single line diagrams of HVAC systems
• Experience in handling reports & communications in a concise way
• The candidate should have experience & knowledge in the HVAC- R
• Fluent language skills in English (Speaking & writing)
ADMIN-CUM-LOGISTICS OFFICE
Proven work experience as a logistics coordinator cum Admin with a minimum 5 years’ experience in Logistics and admin Roles.
Additional skills:
• Proven ability to implement process improvement initiatives
• Business acumen and strategic thinking.
• Hands-on experience within the logistics industry and administration functions.
• Leadership skills and ability to manage staff
• Strong decision-making and problem-solving skills
• Excellent communication skills (English language)
SALES MANAGER
Designing and implementing a strategic sales plan that expands company’s customer base and ensures its strong presence.
Requirements:
• Must have Knowledge & Experience of related items to HVAC-R in the UAE Market
• Comply with local regulations, other regulatory requirements, policies and practices, operating procedures, processes, and task assignments
• Maintain positive and cooperative communications and collaboration with all levels of employees, customers, contractors and consultants
• Perform other essential duties as assigned
• Bachelor’s degree in a relevant
• The candidate must be a strong sales ‘hunter’ and ability to sell in a direct and channel model
• 5+ years UAE and GCC region Experience of progressively more responsible sales experience (Speaking Arabic and having good knowledge of market will be an additional advantage)
• Must have good contacts with MEP contractors, facility
• management firms, traders, consultants and with export market like the GCC region and Africa
AFTER-SALES DISTRIBUTOR SPECIALIST
Requirements:
• Provide high-level technical assistance support to the assigned distributors
• Manage disputes and warranty costs
• Strengthen relations with the after-sales technicians of the distributors
• Pursue customer satisfaction
• Provide second-level After-Sales support to the Distributors, if necessary
• Provide direct support in on-site coordination with local Distributors’ technicians.
• To attend AQS (After Sales) meeting sessions with the goal of giving feedback on the most important Distributors about progress on quality improvements on units
• To manage warranty claims and related costs and negotiate compensation based on official service agreement
• To collect product quality improvement information suggested by Distributors and transfer them to the department concerned to improve products on production and new design
• Proactively attend new design units project development to promote improvements
{Quoteyard}
We bring you a collection of some of the most interesting quotes, extracted from articles in this issue. In case you missed reading, we recommend you flip back to take full advantage of the insights and remarks, in the context in which they have been presented.
Previous instrumentation suffered from drift, especially at low humidity levels, but recent developments have enabled accurate, stable and fast-response dew-point measurement with minimum drift.
The initiative cultivates a culture of excellence among technicians and engineers through competitive events that challenge participants in theoretical knowledge as well as practical skills.
As the industry evolves, HVACR CPOs face critical decisions about how to integrate their current strategy to become more ethical, and should consider how to generate internal commitment. If they haven’t already, businesses should be developing, and adhering to, an ethical strategy or code of conduct.
He noted that the cost-effectiveness of VRFs could vary significantly depending on specific project requirements, making it challenging to generalise cost benefits without a detailed design.
While significant progress has been made, challenges remain with validating operational data that would reflect the true measure of energy efficiency of VRF systems. There is a need for more comprehensive and widespread data collection from a variety of real-world installations, as well as continuous improvement in testing methodologies to keep pace with technological advancements.
We employ rigorous design protocols, including the use of high-quality materials, precisionsealing techniques, and regular inspection and maintenance schedules. Additionally, we incorporate advanced modelling tools to ensure optimal duct design and airflow efficiency.
If the ventilation rate equals 16 cfm/person, she said, the oxygen concentration indoors is 20.9%. If the ventilation rate equals 5 cfm/person, the oxygen concentration indoors is 20.8%. In other words, she said, the figures represent the same effective oxygen rate if one went into the 12th floor of a building.
