ABCDE F
CPU studio 02 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
HULME: Shared Vision of a Liveable Neighbourhood
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ABCDE F
Studio 2 Project Objectives
Opt i
at vig
l
Evolve Generations of design through computation
a D at
sation mi
ing Rea
Objectives and approach
Ad
ent em
Generate A design space of possible solutions
Proje c
ns
L
Gather data
ssumptio
ge Data In r a
tA
t pu
Evaluate Each solution through measurable goals
ABCDE F
ap
STUDIO 2
CPU studio 02 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
Co m p ity Manag lex
tive Live
Na d el o M
Select
ABCDE F
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Project Outlines Chapter introduction
Goal Sustainable Development of Neighbourhoods
Strategy Compact Cities (Compactness)
Approach Liveable Neighbourhoods through Participatory Urbanism
Methodology Interviewing, Observational Analysis & Computational Tools
CPU studio 02 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
Problem Rapid Urbanisation
ABCDE F
Outlines
“Participatory Design for Liveable Neighbourhoods“
ABCDE F
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Thesis Statement Climate Change is a widely acknowledged phenomenon to which rapid urbanisation and industrialisation has contributed to, and a growing dependence of vehicles in urban settlements is one of the key issues regarding this. As a result, High congestion, the distance of location and lack of amenities, along with a neglect for pedestrian priority, have all resulted in the degradation of the neighbourhood.
The United Nations (UN) have provided a 2030 target Agenda for Sustainable Development which is manifested in 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) aimed at developing countries through a number of strategies which tackle climate change. It is important that future urban strategies consider these goals. The planning and redevelopment of neighbourhoods both present and in the future will deeply impact the overall sustainability and quality of living withing a region.
CPU studio 02 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
ABCDE F
However, this can be remedied through the approach of creating a walkable diverse and pedestrian orientated urban landscape. This can allow citizens take the initiative of living a sustainable lifestyle through a compact neighbourhood which promotes 6 key principles: An increase in local autonomy, connectivity, proximity, diversity, participation, and adaptability.
As a result, this design thesis aims to recreate an area of Hulme, Manchester, as a self sufficient and sustainable neighbourhood which promotes walkability. This requires a firm understanding of the demands and needs of demographics within the area. This will be achieved through the approach of participatory design, where the involvement of citizens is embodied to realise the future scope of development within Hulme.
ABCDE F
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Introduction With The UN providing 17 goals to achieve by 2030, Goals 9 and 11 focus on developing quality reliable and sustainable infrastructure to support economic affordable development and human wellbeing, and enhancing inclusive and sustainable participatory urbanism, respectively.
By encouraging active collaboration with people in Hulme, this negates the need to create synthetic profiles, and will result in accurate and measurable algorithms which will act as design drivers of an urban model. Generative design will then be utilised as a tool to create a number of viable designs based on data collected. This will help in understanding potential future scenarios within the neighbourhood which will lead to an optimised design for the region.
ABCDE F
CPU studio 02 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
ABCDE F
With a focus on participatory design, collated data from those aspects of this can be developed and realised through computational methods such as Agent Based modelling, where a set of requirements of various agents can be modelled to affect the design of an area. The methodology of participatory urbanism will play an active role in generating the profiles of said agents.
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Atelier Approach An Overview of learnings from Studio 1, carrying forward the design drivers to Studio 2 & 3 and choice of scales to work on
Studio 2: Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova , Shambhavi Joshi
Design Drivers: • Circular economy • Embodied Energy • Focal Points • Sustainable Development Goals
Combined Design Drivers: • Sustainable Development Goals • Embodied Energy • Lines of Vision • Promoting Walkability
• Optimization of spatial accessibility of users • Design of Multi-purpose spaces • Energy Performance evaluation of optimized building layout
Building Scale
METHODOLOGY ST2 Design Drivers
ST1: Shambhavi Joshi
Generative Design
Design Drivers: • Carbon Neutral Pavilion • Embodied Energy • Carbon Storage in Trees • Lines of Vision
• Design of optimized facade using embodied energy calculations • Maximizing building views • Narrowing down SDGs to building program requirements
ABCDE F
ST1: Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova
Occupancy Scale
Urban Area Studio 3: Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova, Shambhavi Joshi Future Scenarios • Generative Design Methodology Application
• Creating sustainable, walkable neighbourhood with the help of SDGs • Defining Lines of vision for various agents • Including public input in problem analysis • Creating possible iterations of urban layouts • Energy evaluations
ABCDE F
//6
CPU studio 02 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
Studio 1: DESIGN OF SERPENTINE PAVILION
Contents
Identifying the overall issue in the urban areas, rapid urbanisation in cities and projected population growth in Manchester
Context
20
Understanding of the Hulme neighbourhood through street and buildings, surrounding context, etc
Design Objective
27
Overview of understanding city grids and their functioning, site analysis and mapping of street patterns
Design Strategy
38
Introduction to the approach of walkability, explaining generic amenity requirements and identifying amenity accessibility gaps
E F G
Design Methodology
48
Use of Participatory Urbanism through survey statistics to obtain direct user feedback and accurate data
Agent Based Modelling
56
Introduction of computational approach and building agent profiles resulting from data collection and analysis
Potential Scenarios
66
Understanding the possibilities of potential future scenarios based on the analysis of design objectives and methodology
What’s Next?, Appendix
ABCDE F
10
CPU studio 02 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
A B C D
Problem Introduction
74
A framework of how studies and inferences of Studio 2 are going to be carried forward to Studio 3
ABCDE F
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Choosing a Scale to Work on
Occupancy Scale
Building Scale
Urban Scale
What is it? Small scale project focusing on the refurbishment of an already existing building. Why to consider? In order to achieve one of the Sustainable Development Goals, we could apply an approach that links to the materiality usage which would affect only a small group of people and would not be to a positive contribution to the wider society at which the Sustainable Development Goals focus. Why not to consider? Small scale project does not fulfill the idea of interconnected Sustainable Development Goals that would affect the wider society. Citizen Engagement is hard to be established on such a scale due to the strict client - professional relationship.
What is it? Small scale project focusing on the sustainable methods of designing a building. Why to consider? Sustainable Development Goals could be implemented but to a limit. CO2 emissions could be decreased and materiality choice could be part of Circular Economy. Why not to consider? Small scale project does not fulfill the idea of interconnected Sustainable Development Goals that would affect the wider society. Citizen Engagement is hard to be established on such a scale due to the strict client - professional relationship.
What is it? Big scale project focusing on the design of future cities. Why to consider? The main idea of Sustainable Development Goals is the interconnection between the 17 goals and it could be reached by working on this scale. Citizen Engagement gives an option to work on a real-life project by identifying the needs of the people who are living in the neighborhood. It is looking towards how the end-user can be brought to the table of discussions with local government, industry and academia for creating a sustainable and livable neighborhood that answers the targets set by the selected goals. Why not to consider? Could be problematic to identify the overall community needs in order to contribute to the social, economic and political life within the area that answer the Sustainable Development Goals.
ABCDE F
CPU studio 02 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
ABCDE F
Reasons to make a choice
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Generic Urban Scale Considerations Activating the space and what to consider Saf et
y
Sca le
2
Safety
Scale
Increase visibility and protection from traffic by 1) Increasing in pedestrianised streets 2) Increasing visual permeability 3) Designing more lighting
Define size of adjacent buildings and streets by 1) Measuring width of streets and sidewalks 2) Measuring density and height of neighbouring buildings 3) Analysing active frontage - ground floor usage
Acc es
sib
ce an en
Ma int
ility
Urban Scale
Accessibility
Maintenance
Setting the context by 1) Identifying nearby amenities 2) Responding to community needs and desires 3) Rebuilding existing street life
Allowing movement for all users by 1) Creating alternative circulation patterns 2) Defining clear boundaries 3) Reusing the mean of the street
Provide longterm care by 1) Identifying local partners and sponsors 2) Creating management plan for the neighbourhood 3) Planting resilient native plants
ABCDE F
ABCDE F
3
CPU studio 02 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
1
//9
ABCDE F CPU studio 02 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
ABCDE F
Chapter A
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Rapid Urbanisation The unstoppable phenomenon
since 2007
by 2030
65 % by 2050
ABCDE F
Increase in population living in urban areas or cities
60 %
“From 2010 to 2050 2.5 to 3 billion people will be added to the urban population worldwide.” - United Nations
80 %
70 %
CPU studio 02 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
50 %
70 %
Cities contribute to:
80% of Global DDP 70% of global CO2 emissions 70% of global energy consumptions
Cities as homes Since 2007, more than half the world’s population live in cities or urban centers. Research shows that by 2030, cities will be home to 60% of the global population and 65% by 2050. It is estimated that between 2.5 to 3 billion people will be added to the urban population. For the fact that cities drive innovation and worldwide investment, they become a potent force for addressing sustainable urban development and prosperity.
ABCDE F
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Sustainable Development Goals The critical role of urban areas to achieve the goals Ho w
as part of the United Nations Agenda
GOALS
are infrastructure, climate action, sustainable cities, etc.
oals addr e do g s s ?
2015
did it all star t e en d?
Adopted in
Some of the addressed issues within the
t ha
Wh
W
ABCDE F
Global Goals to ensure people’s, cities’ and countries’ prosperity
CPU studio 02 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
17
are there?
for improving quality of life and transforming the environment and the way people live
s oal yg
SHARED VISION
main reson?
Created with international governments and civil society as a
ma n
he st
Wh at i
What are The Sustainable Development Goals? 17 Interconnected Goals The Sustainable Development Goals are the blueprint to achieve a better and more sustainable future for all. They address the global challenges we face, including those related to poverty, inequality, climate change, environmental degradation, peace and justice. The 17 Goals are all interconnected and it is important that we achieve them all by 2030. - United Nations Source
ABCDE F
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Addressing Sustainable Development Gaols Transforming innovation policy through citizen engagement Transv ers al
wo rk
Co
tion: Partne r s hip
Studio 1 focus
CITIZEN ENGAGEMENT
Goal 13: Climate Action
GOALS
1: S
u
mu
s nitie
ra
st r
u c tu
re
9.4 By 2030, upgrade infrastructure and retrofit industries to make them sustainable, with increased resource-use efficiency and greater adoption of clean and environmentally sound technologies and industrial processes, with all countries taking action in accordance with their respective capabilities
m
d I nf
Focus on 9.1 Develop quality, reliable, sustainable and resilient infrastructure, including regional and transborder infrastructure, to support economic development and human well-being, with a focus on affordable and equitable access for all
an d Co
ovation an
le Cities
nn y, I
b ina
str
sta
du
Goal 1
ABCDE F
Goal 9 : In
tions ndi
nd i Co
Transforming our world through
CPU studio 02 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
Frame
Focus on 11.3 By 2030, enhance inclusive and sustainable urbanization and capacity for participatory, integrated and sustainable human settlement planning and management in all countries 11.7 By 2030, provide universal access to safe, inclusive and accessible, green and public spaces, in particular for women and children, older persons and persons with disabilities
ABCDE F
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Population Growth in Manchester Living in urban areas Greate rM a
C ur r e n tP o
Po p
ula tion
tion
ter
People living in the 10 boroughs of Greater Manchester will increase with
250 000
The world is constantly changing, and whilst some of the changes can be fleeting and temporary, others can be transformative forces that shape the society. One of the most powerful trends is the global migration to cities, or urbanisation. As a result, the challenges and that emerge are opportunities to create structural shifts in the way cities are ruled, designed and inhabited.
by 2034
2 800 000
250 000
Greater Manchester
in 2018
by 2034
City of
Ma n
Po p
People living in the City of Manchester will increase with
tion
tion
538 000
Future
ula
er est ch
City governments and policy-makers will need to plan and manage all theimpacts that urbanisation brings with it - from politics to climate change, etc. Only by addressing interconnected issues, as well as the technical and political barriers to change, can they ensure a good quality of life for millions of urban dwellers.
C ur r e n tP op
CPU studio 02 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
10 Boroughs
ABCDE F
Citizens in 10 boroughs of Greater Manchester
ula
By 2050, two-thirds or 6.5 bilion people of the projected world population will live in urban centres. With billions of new people living in urban areas, the way cities are designed and engineered will have to be reassessed. Sustainable development will play a key role in urbanisation as society seeks to mitigate the environmental impact of cities. When we consider how 72% of urban energy use comes from fossil fuels, and cities are responsible for 70% of direct CO2 emissions, it is no wonder why The United Nations (UN) have named sustainable urbanisation as one of its 17 Sustainable Development Goals.
la pu
he s nc
Attention to the topic
2 800 000
Future
56 000 by 2034
Citizens in City ofManchester
City
538 000
56 000
of Manchester
in 2018
by 2034
ABCDE F
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Densification Increasing the population within a region
Prevention of the urban sprawl
Hous in
Build ing
gd
Subdivision of housing
This is the most widely used approach in densely populated regions. Demolition of older structures to make way for new developments often results in taller mixed use buildings which may consist of retail, offices, and apartments.
Considered to be an underhand approach to addressing housing crises, larger homes have been divided by rooms to create smaller apartments or co-living spaces.
e
ion
nt
Plot development
r
us e-
s ivi
me op
eve l
CPU studio 02 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
Plot d
ABCDE F
Hulme neighbourhood site boundary
Building re-use Building re-use can be seen to be the most environmentally sustainable approach to providing new homes within a region, negating the need to demolish existing buildings which are structurally viable.
ABCDE F
//15
Cities’ Scorecard What is most important in choosing your new city Opportunities Average wages of workers
Quality of workplace Accessibility of Local business commercial space tax rates General Quality of Proximity to major demographics infrastructure port, rail, and/or of the location highway systems
Opportunities to learn something new
Availability of housing Crime/ Safety Cost
Average time to commute to work
Favorable climate/ weather
Quality of K-12 schools
CPU studio 02 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
Quality of shopping
ABCDE F G
Affordability of housing
Existing city environment
Good cultural attractions Quality of parks and Quality and variety of restaurants outdoor recreation Close to beach Ease of getting around by public Number of attractions transportation Quality of hospitals/ Iconic landmarks healthcare services Quality of natural Easily accessible by environment commercial flights Job opportunities Infrastructure Stability English spoken
ABCDE F G
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Manchester’s Scoreboard How is Manchester performing
1. London 2. Edinburgh
Best student city in the world
3RD
4. Glasgow 5. Coventry 6. Nottingham
ABCDE F
Most liveable city in the United Kingdom
e
CPU studio 02 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
9
Most liveable city in the world
01
118. Kiev, Ukraine 119. Leicester, England 120. Minsk, Belarus
W o rl d U n i v
y R a n ki n g s 2
London Birmingham Edinburgh
QS
r s it
29TH
1ST
138. Dhaka, Bangladesh 139. Lagos, Nigeria 140. Damascus, Syria
e y R a n ki n g s 2
38TH
W o rl d U n i v
r s it
QS
9
1. London, England 2. Tokyo, Japan 3. Melbourne, Australia
01
1. Vienna, Austria 2. Melbourne, Australia 3. Sydney, Australia
Best city to study in the United Kingdom
The Economist Liveability Index Thoughts on Manchester’s score “Measured by factors including environment, healthcare, education, culture and infrastructure, this is a good indicator that Manchester’s reputation and position as a global city continues to grow in strength.” - Sheona Southern
ABCDE F
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Diversification Creating a diverse infrastructure for an increasing population Manchester
Population
Housing
The current population trends show a steady increase within Greater Manchester over the course of the next 10 years. This will see a 20% rise in people living and working in the region.
The increase in population will directly affect housing, leading for a demand for properties for a wide demographic ranging from students and working professionals, to families and an aging population.
Divers
ee c
CPU studio 02 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
n tio
ng
Hou si
y om on
Pop ula
ABCDE F
Urban region
Diverse economy By having a range of both big and small businesses within a region, the local economy can be strengthened and be insulated against any decline in any particular sector, providing jobs for a diverse population.
ABCDE F
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Population summary The rising population in the urban region
Cu r
in 2020
Pro j
+20.3% by 2030
Populatio n ted
25 251
Hulme Neighbourhood
8 855 +20.4% by 2030
Current Population
Populatio n ted
ec
ec
Pro j
ABCDE F
in 2020
7 353
CPU studio 02 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
20 983
ul t Pop ation
ul t Pop ation
n re
n re
Cu r
Site Area
According to Manchester City Council’s Intelligence Hub, the current population of the Hulme area stands at almost 21,000, with projections from NASA’s Socioeconomic Data and Application Center estimating the population within the site boundary at over 7,000
Projected Population Over the next decade, there is estimated to be a 20% population increase within Hulme, resulting in a 1,500+ change within the site. in order to meet the requirements of both present, and future demographics, infrastructure must be developed in order to address the needs of Hulme residents.
ABCDE F
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ABCDE F CPU studio 02 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
ABCDE F
Chapter B
//20
Historical Development of Hulme
ABCDE F G
CPU studio 02 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
ABCDE F G
Understanding the site’s influence
//21
Building Typologies - Context
Terrace
Courtyard Block
Tower Block
Mid-Rise Block
Semi-Detached
CPU studio 02 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
ABCDE F G
Building typologies surrounding the site
Detached
ABCDE F G
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Observational Analysis
1
Wasted public space
2
Active public space
3
Vandalised public space
4
Private public space
5
Self-made public space
ABCDE F G
CPU studio 02 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
ABCDE F G
Current site condition
//23
Walkability to Main Landmarks
ABCDE F G
CPU studio 02 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
ABCDE F G
Taken from a centric point within the area
//24
Surounding Amenities - Context
Site
Offices
Food/ Restaurants
Healthcare
Leisure/ Entertainment
Schools
Residential
University
Transport
Retail
Industrial
ABCDE F G
CPU studio 02 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
ABCDE F G
Various amenities surrounding the site
//25
Our Framework To address the opportunities of the neighbourhood Di
What are the opportunities?
Who should benefit?
What is the outcome?
To analyse the demographics, the existing context of the neigbourhood and its issues all based on observational analysis, and user perspectives
To identify opportunities for intersection between what people value or need and what city council and designers can provide to meet their needs
To identify the actors and understand the group of users, their backgrounds, their daily patterns and how they can influence the design process
To analyse scenarios of implementing and adopting survey findings, to evaluate advantages/ disadvantages and draw a line of consequences when considering different design approaches
Where should we focus?
How to respond?
How to deliver the design?
To understand the impact of the area’s location, the project’s scale and the re-appropriation of the neighbourhood based on the residents’ responses
To create an opportunity for residents’ to take a survey related to the neighbourhood’s present condition and their views of its future development as a place that answers their needs
To respond to citizen engagement while taking into consideration the design strategies and computational tools of agent based modelling that explore future possibilities which allow for more informed decision-making
CPU studio 02 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
What are the problems?
ABCDE F G
e ss oc
o ver sc
Pr
Imp ent lem
ABCDE F G
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ABCDE F G CPU studio 02 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
ABCDE F G
Chapter C
//27
Project Outlines Chapter introduction
Goal Sustainable Development of Neighbourhoods
Strategy Compact Cities (Compactness)
Approach Liveable Neighbourhoods through Participatory Urbanism
Methodology Interviewing, Observational Analysis & Computational Tools
CPU studio 02 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
Problem Rapid Urbanisation
ABCDE F G
Outlines
“Participatory Design for Liveable Neighbourhoods“
ABCDE F G
//28
Centrality Strategy for Walkability
ABCDE F G
CPU studio 02 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
ABCDE F G
Understanding the concept of degrees of centrality and its benefits in measuring walkability
//29
City Layouts Design approaches to the city street network
Grid S t
Lin e
Grid Street Layout
Concentric Street Layout
Linear Street Layout
The characteristics of grid street The Grid street plan can be considered to be the most common approaches to urban design. Varying in sizes and approach, parts of the urban grid can be assigned for pedestrian, vehicular use, or both. Predefined grids can also be subdivided depending on size, to enable multiple buildings within each grid shape.
The characteristics of concentric street The concentric zonal model is a sociologically driven approach to defining the urban landscape. This design attempts to distribute social groups and infrastructure within designated zonal rings which represents land use and value. The city plan’s generic pattern is as follows:
The characteristics of linear street The linear landscape attempts to use transport as a driver to link urban landscapes together. The typical layout of a linear city sees one main arterial route run through the landscape, with secondary and tertiary routes branching off. This can vary according to geographical factors such as location, influencing the layout of minor routes. This may include design approaches such as linear tree, grid, and radial plans.
1: Centre zone/ Business district 2: Mixed-use residential and commercial 3: Inner residential Housing 4: Outer suburban Housing 5: Outer zone/ Commuter belt
Observations of grid street
Observations of concentric street
Observations of linear street
- Maximises the use of land within each block - Pedestrian and vehicular flow only intersect at right angles - Length and width of each block influences building design and context - Facilitates wayfinding and directness of route desired
• Design theorises the Bid Rent Curve • Urban area is organised in accordance to use • Rigid approach assumes an unchanging landscape • Likelihood of a lack of social cohesion due to social groups separated
• City is divided into sectors • Circulation driven; main route precedes the landscape • No conventionally identifiable urban centre • Low connectivity unless the city expands outwards for parallel routes
ABCDE F G
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CPU studio 02 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
ABCDE F G
e et
t tree
Str
S ic
t
Conc en tr
ar
ree
Urban Characterisation Street network design implemented around the world
Concentric Urban Plan
CPU studio 02 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
ABCDE F G
w, Russia sc o
drid, Spain Ma
Mo
ttle, USA Sea Grid Urban Plan
Linear Urban Plan
The characteristics of the grid urban plan The city of Seattle is composed of a series of grids which are connected via intersecting routes to connect the disjointed city grid segments. With the city fragmented into districts in accordance to their usage, areas lack a transitional space between the latter, resulting in a lack of visible identity in each region.
The characteristics of the concentric city As a megacity, Moscow’s challenge is to expand it’s larger pedestrian street networks as the city’s population grows.
The characteristics of the linear city Cudad lineal in Madrid serves as a prime example of the linear landscape. The district sees a major road, and railway line run parallel to link regions. A number of minor roads and pathways intersect these to create a tree branch system. As a result, public areas are rare, with vehicle and pedestrian circulation taking priority.
Recommendations for the grid urban plan • Establish a vibrant and diversified downtown in an office focused landscape • Expand networks for smaller businesses • Connecting Seattle’s waterfront with the city with public space • Increase green pockets within the urban area • Distinctive districts to allow connections between areas
Recommendations for the concentric city • Encourage ground floor activities to maintain public life both day and night • A greener streetscape • Wider pavements • Improving connections across the Moskva River • Transform larger traffic intersections into public spaces
Recommendations for the linear city • Pedestrianise minor routes to increase static public space • Mixed areas to encourage both residential and economic activity • Re-establish an active frontage along the major route
ABCDE F G
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Site Measurements Introducing extents of the site and its dimensions
80.5 m
36.5 m
0m
.8 25
45
m
m
m
ABCDE F G
.90
532
328 m
.2
68 m
5m
99
232.2
m .7
CPU studio 02 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
80.9
98.65 m
165.3 80.2
m
m
56.1
m 5 7.4
m
6
.80
217
m
Perimeter: 2215.25 m Area: approx. 251,925 m2 Total population: ~7500 Avg. Density: 0.046 people/ m2
ABCDE F G
//32
Street and Building Block Patterns
Street Pattern
Block Pattern
CPU studio 02 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
ABCDE F G
Understanding current street patterns on site, the built spaces and plot lines
Plot Patterns
ABCDE F G
//33
Centrality Mapping on Site
Closeness Centrality Slightly rigid as it provides real time distances between intersections but calculating the frequency of preferred path is difficult
Betweenness Centrality Consider whole lengths instead of fragmenting each road segment. Provides travel frequency of preferred shortest path. Ideal for identifying redundant streets/roads and shortest distance to points of interest
CPU studio 02 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
ABCDE F G
Understanding the effect of various centralities on connectivity of the site
Information Centrality Identifies each road segment indipendently and calculates probable paths using midpoints of these road segments. Creates numerous intersection points increasing street activity but reduces density
ABCDE F G
//34
From Nodes to Human Movement Movement choice considerations
Stop Start
Modelling human behaviour limitations: Approach in modelling human behaviour narrowed down to limitations of regions (clusters of nodes), nodes (constructed from major junctions) and roads (urban networks) within or around the site
Region-based choice: Blue node indicates origin and pink node indicates destination Node-based choice: Blue nodes indicate a pre-selected route within regions Roads-based choice: Blue roads indicate route between nodes
CPU studio 02 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
ABCDE F G
Arrive
If <need to go to work> = true and <not in a hurry> = true then <stop by the grocery shop> else <walk straight to final destination>
ABCDE F G
//35
Street User Share The pedestrian to vehicular ratio of streets in the Hulme area
Primary and secondary routes within the site boundary give priority to vehicular access, limiting pedestrian flow along major routes. There are also a number of grass patches which can be considered as redundant spaces as pedestrians do not walk on them, which could be utilised for the latter.
oad
ord R
t
Stre t
Arnott
nt
Cresce
Mil lb
74.8%
3.6m
ent esc Cr
10m
ee t
oad
2.4m
37.5%
e
S tr
R rd
62.5%
Arn ott
ck
fo
1.6m 2m
5.5m
42.4%
25.2%
2m 1.6m
ABCDE F G
k Stree
Millbec
In order to create a balance/pedestrian friendly landscape, routes with redundant spaces and or frequent pedestrian activity can be redesigned to prioritise said users.
2.2m
4m
4.8m
42.1%
7.2m
15.5%
7.9m
2.2m
ABCDE F G
//36
CPU studio 02 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
Stretf
Adaptation Opportunities of the Street
Vehicular Space
Parking Space
Sidewalk Space
Cars, taxis and buses are a priority How can the space be narrowed to decrease the traffic while at the same time not cause problems to the daily commute of people who are using cars as a mode of transport?
Cars are a priority How can the space be adapted so that pedestrians benefit from the change by being given wier sidewalks while at the same time not affect the ratio in parking allotments in the neighbourhood?
People are a priority How can the space be redesigned so that it invites more people walking instead of using vehicular mode of transport, socialising or simply taking different transit to their final destination?
ABCDE F G
CPU studio 02 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
ABCDE F G
What are the spaces for re-use
//37
ABCDE F CPU studio 02 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
ABCDE F
Chapter D
//38
Project Outlines Chapter introduction
Goal Sustainable Development of Neighbourhoods
Strategy Compact Cities (Compactness)
Approach Liveable Neighbourhoods through Participatory Urbanism
Methodology Interviewing, Observational Analysis & Computational Tools
CPU studio 02 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
Problem Rapid Urbanisation
ABCDE F G
Outlines
“Participatory Design for Liveable Neighbourhoods“
ABCDE F G
//39
Measurements of a Compact City Variables in evaluating the liveable design of a city
Xm2 of land per person
Pedestrians
30 min
5 min
15 min
Park 10 min
Public Transport
Shop
Taxi/ Transport
2 min
Ownership of Cars
Post-office 8 min
Density
Proximity and Self-sufficiency
Urban density refers to the number of people living in m2 of land. In the case of compact cities, it refers to keeping residents close to community amenities. The buildings are low to compliment the human scale, give access to green spaces and encourage views.
When a person has access to everything they need in the community they live in ranging from stores to banks, then the city is self-sustaining. Ideally, the amenities in a compact city are located within a walking distance from where people live.
Flowerbeds
Cyclists
Pedestriansâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Priority The objective of a compact city is to design a walkable community which means that it supports and encourages pedestrian traffic. The flow of pedestrian traffic focuses on increasing the total area of sidewalks, green spaces, etc.
Trees Parks
ABCDE F G
School
Bank
CPU studio 02 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
Work
Green Space Flowerbeds, trees, parks, etc areas are the elements of a city that define green spaces. These are the areas that create the landscape of the community and do not only enhance the aesthetics of it but also help fighting CO2 emissions.
ABCDE F G
//40
Proximity of Generic Amenities
ABCDE F G
CPU studio 02 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
ABCDE F G
Mapping amenity requirements based on population demographics
//41
Linking amenity spaces and age groups Understanding the role of amenities in interaction of various age groups
Settings/ Amenities to support any stage of life Amenities like1. Public Squares 2. Green Parks 3. Commercial Centre 4. Healthcare 5. Transport facilities
INFANT
Settings/ Amenities to support ritual passing from one stage to another
CHILD
ADULT
YOUNG ADULT
Amenities like1. Schools, Universities, etc 2. Religious spaces 3. Playgrounds 4. Workplaces
ABCDE F G
YOUNG CHILD
CPU studio 02 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
OLD PERSON
YOUNGSTER
YOUTH A abstract representation of various linkages and interaction points of user groups
Settings/ Amenities to mark interaction between stages Amenities like1. Cafes & Restaurants 2. Community Centre 3. Common workspaces 4. Public Squares 5. Entertainment
ABCDE F G
//42
Linking amenity spaces and age groups
IMPORTANT SPACES/ SETTING
RITES of PASSAGE
AMENITIES
INFANT Trust
Home, crib, nursery, garden
Birth place, setting up the home, out of crib, making a place
Healthcare, Kindergarten, Grocery/ Convenience stores, Day care
YOUNG CHILD Autonomy
Own place in home, couple’s realm, children’s realm, commons, connected play
Walking, making a place, special occasions
Primary School, Healthcare, Parks, Playground, Sports facility
CHILD Initiative
Play space, own place, common land, neighbourhood, animals
Ventures in town, sense of community
Secondary School, Healthcare, Parks, Playground, Sports facility, Cycle tracks
YOUNGSTER Industry
Children’s home, school, own place, adventure play, club, community
Puberty, private entrance, paying your way in
High School, Healthcare, Sports facility, Cycle tracks, Cafes, Library
YOUTH Identity
Cottage, Teenage society, hostel, apprentice, town and region
Commencement, marriage, work, building
Workspaces, Restaurants/ Pubs, Healthcare, Sports, Transport system
YOUNG ADULT Intimacy
Household, couple’s realm, small work group, the family, network of learning
Birth of child, Creating social wealth, building
Workspaces, Restaurants/ Pubs, Day care, Transport system, Banks, Parking
ADULT Generativity
Work community, the family town hall, a room of one’s own
Birthday, gatherings, change in work, extending family
Healthcare, Housing, Civic amenities, Community, Transport, Public squares
OLD PERSON Integrity
Settled work, cottage, the family, independent regions
Death, funeral, grave sites
Healthcare, Cemeteries, Pedestrian walkways, Green spaces
ABCDE F G
CPU studio 02 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
STAGE
ABCDE F G
Understanding the role of amenities in interaction of various age grous
//43
Walkability and distance measures of Site Ideal distances, number and locations of amenities wrt to user walkability
1
X2
O SHO 00 T P 0
POLICE POST
PRIMARY SCHOOL 1 X 2000
1 X 1000
RECREAT IONAL CL
6 X (300 - 2000)
I
1X
COM M UN
FAMILY WELFARE CENTER
A
0
AR E
,00
10
AY
1X
PL
UB 2 X (2500 - 15,000) H E ALTH SE N IOR 2 X (2 CARE C ENTR S 5 00 SE ECO 1 5 RV ,000 E ) 1 X NDAR ICE 600 Y S 1X M 0 CHO 20 ARK OL 00 E T
R AA AZ LB 0 MA 100 ING OR 1 X BUILD INF US IGIO 400 RE L 2 X AR K OOD P BOURH NEIGH 1 X 10,000
PO X 1500 ING 1 PP O SH 000 L A X3 C LO 1
10,0 TY HAL 00 L
OX ST B
ABCDE F G
1 50
ABCDE F G
CPU studio 02 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
1X
ARK EN P GRE X 5000
TO 1 TL
//44
Amenity access extents on site Identifying the accessibility of amenities on site by the scope of walkability towards them
CAFES RESTAURANTS/ PUBS
TRANSPORT FACILITIES
CPU studio 02 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
ABCDE F G
Click on the icons to view relevant maps
SERVICES
HEALTHCARE
EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES GREEN SPACES
WORSHIP
SPORTS
ABCDE F G
//45
Amenity access gaps on Site
ABCDE F G
CPU studio 02 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
ABCDE F G
Identifying the gaps in the accessibility of amenities on site
//46
Strategy
Strategy 2
Strategy 3
BETWEENNESS CENTRALITY
GRID ARRANGEMENT
RE-PURPOSED ROADS
ABCDE F G
CPU studio 02 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
Strategy 1
ABCDE F G
Overview of selected strategies
//47
ABCDE F CPU studio 02 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
ABCDE F
Chapter E
//48
Project Outlines Chapter introduction
Goal Sustainable Development of Neighbourhoods
Strategy Compact Cities (Compactness)
Approach Liveable Neighbourhoods through Participatory Urbanism
Methodology Interviewing, Observational Analysis & Computational Tools
CPU studio 02 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
Problem Rapid Urbanisation
ABCDE F G
Outlines
“Participatory Design for Liveable Neighbourhoods“
ABCDE F G
//49
Our Methodology for Mutual Participation Filling the gap between the city council and the public Top-down approach
CITY COUNCIL
L
C oll a
n is t e
Interviews, questionnaires, focus groups, collaborative mapping
b or
ate
Gathering of needs, requirements, existing patterns
Passive Design Participation through design space exploration
ose
Con
s u lt
P ro p
CPU studio 02 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
Faci li
o lv e
Collecting ideas and information of successful projects
ABCDE F G
In v
tate
Active Design Participation through workshops, digital design tools
Collecting ideas and information of successful projects
Information, announcements, public hearings
De
cid e
I n fo
Presentation to partners, developers or public
IDENTIFIED GAP
rm Bottom-up approach
PUBLIC
ABCDE F G
//50
Population Surveying
ABCDE F G
CPU studio 02 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
ABCDE F G
Understanding the current population needs in the area
//51
Conducted Survey Questions Sneakpeak to the collected information Mixed use.
18 - 25
Demographic
Future Scenarios
Walking
Neighbourhood Development Question 8: Do you think Hulme has identifiable landmarks/ reference points? If yes, do you refer to any of these as landmarks? You can also mention your landmarks in “Other“ option? Question 11: Do you think there should be more pedestrian friendly streets in the area? Question 12: What kind of street design elements would you like to have in your neighbourhood? Hulme Bridge
Green parks, restaurants, public squares, street landscaping, playgrounds for adults.
Compactness Strategy Question 9: What amenities do you think your neighbourhood should have more? Question 10: How far would you like to live from these amenities? Question 13: Are you aware of any frequent event/ festival/ programs/ city council or local body consultations/ interactions happening in Hulme neighbourhood? Question 14: What is your idea of a “liveable neighbourhood”?
2-5 minutes.
ABCDE F G
Question 5: How many people do you know in your neighbourhood community excluding the people you live/ work with? Question 6: How long do you see yourself living/ working in Hulme? Question 7: What kind of housing would you prefer to live in? Question 15: Among the given options, how do you see this area developing in the near future?
CPU studio 02 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
Question 1: What is your age group? Question 2: What is your occupation? Question 3: Why did you choose to live in Hulme area? Question 4: What is the mode of your daily commute?
Where residents needs are met, where people feel safe walking down the street, where people connect and socialise.
ABCDE F G
//52
Amenity Requirements of Agents Amenities required by various types of agents based on participatory survey
Working Professional (individual/ without family)
Working Professional (with family)
Small Business Owner with family
Retired
Currently Unemployed
ABCDE F G
CPU studio 02 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
ABCDE F G
Student
//53
Street Design Requirements of Agents Street design elements required by various types of agents based on participatory survey
Working Professional (individual/ without family)
Working Professional (with family)
Small Business Owner with family
Retired
Currently Unemployed
ABCDE F G
CPU studio 02 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
ABCDE F G
Student
//54
Problem Definition
Problem 2
Problem 3
INCREASE IN CAPACITY
LACK OF AMENITIES
REDUNDANT SPACES
ABCDE F G
CPU studio 02 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
Problem 1
ABCDE F G
Overview of identified problems
//55
ABCDE F CPU studio 02 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
ABCDE F
Chapter F
//56
Agent-based Modelling Understanding the opportunities
Peception
Peception
ctions
ns
ctio
era
Action Z1 Action Z2
Int
Need X Need Y Need Z
Action Y1 Action Y2
Peception
ABCDE F G
Need X Need Y Need Z
Peception
Advantages of Agent Based System
Limitations of Agent Based System
Integration of Agent Based System
Presenting collected data for big scale projects • Changed the way researchers think about systems due to the increase of computational power and data: - Move from aggregate to disaggregate models - Move from static to dynamic models • Allows designers to focus on processes that generate patterns. - Focuses on individuals (and their decisions)
The difficulties in analysing data • There is neither a template nor universal way to design and build agent-based models: - Issues of reproducibility • Some people criticize agent-based modelling as being data that is difficult to collect: - Issues of calibration and validation
The way forward in analysing data • The predicted population increase needs an efficient urban system for urban futures. • Application areas range from exploring: - Conditions for walkability, the impact of different demographics, parking behavior, etc. • Agents’ individual decisions are at the core of issues and potential solutions: - Does the agent take a car or bus to work/ use public parks/ spend free time in the are?
ABCDE F G
//57
CPU studio 02 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
Peception
Actions
Action X1 Action X2
Interacti
Need X Need Y Need Z
ons
Intera
Peception
Generic Patterns of Agents Analysing patterns of agents throughout the day
-
Evening Patterns
if <condition is met> then [..take action 1..] else [..take action 2..]
Midday Patterns
Action
Time
Action
Time
Action
Weekday (morning) Weekday (morning) Weekday (morning)
if (and(age > 18, age < 25)) then [..go to university..] if (and(age > 25, age < 32)) then [..go to work..] if (and(age > 32, age < 65)) then [..go to work..]
Weekday (evening) Weekday (evening) Weekday (evening)
if (and(age > 18, age < 25)) then [..go to an event..] if (and(age > 25, age < 32)) then [..go to the gym..] if (and(age > 32, age < 65)) then [..go to a shop..]
Weekend (midday) Weekend (midday) Weekend (midday)
if (and(age > 18, age < 25)) then [..go for brunch..] if (and(age > 25, age < 32)) then [..go jogging..] if (and(age > 32, age < 65)) then [..go to a playground..]
Weekend (midday)
Time
Weekday (evening)
Weekday (morning)
d Prof essi o n al
32 yo
P
t an
26 yo
Z-
en ar
20 yo
Y
Professional
e nt
Age
Agent
ng ou
ud St
Morning Patterns
Y-
ABCDE F G
Agent
CPU studio 02 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
Agen tX
ABCDE F G
//58
Participatory Urbanism for Neighborhood Management Agent based modelling through surveying current population
Ag en
Age
Z
Y
tX
Age nt
nt
Interviewee X
Collected and analysed data
Interviewee Y
Collected and analysed data
Interviewee Z
Collected and analysed data
CPU studio 02 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
Question 1: What is your age group? Question 2: What is your occupation? Question 3: Why did you choose to live in Hulme area? Question 4: What is the mode of your daily commute? Question 5: How many people do you know in your neighbourhood community excluding the people you live/ work with? Question 6: How long do you see yourself living/ working in Hulme? Question 7: What kind of housing would you prefer to live in? Question 8: Do you think Hulme has identifiable landmarks/ reference points? If yes, do you refer to any of these as landmarks? You can also mention your landmarks in “Other“ option? Question 9: What amenities do you think your neighbourhood should have more? Question 10: How far would you like to live from these amenities? Question 11: Do you think there should be more pedestrian friendly streets in the area? Question 12: What kind of street design elements would you like to have in your neighbourhood? Question 13: Are you aware of any frequent event/ festival/ programs/ city council or local body consultations/ interactions happening in Hulme neighbourhood? If yes please mention the name and place of the event. Question 14: What is your idea of a “liveable neighbourhood”? Question 15: Among the given options, how do you see this area developing in the near future?
ABCDE F G
Questionnaire
Agent based modelling for Neighborhood Management of a liveable and sustainable neighborhood of the future that aligns with the set targets by the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals as well as with the individual’s needs and decisions.
ABCDE F G
//59
Agent Profiles 18 different agent profiles created with their respective needs
Housing Preference
Mixed Use (Commercial + Residential) Tower
5-10
10-15
10-20 min
5-10 min
ABCDE F G
5-10 min
10-15
University Accomodation, High Rise Apartment Block
Individual House, Terraced House
10-15
5-10
10-15 min
2-5 min
5-10
5-10 min
Row Houses, Semi-detached Houses
Type of Agents Student Working Professional (individual/without family) Working Professional (with family)
Amenities Required Retired Small Business Owner with family Currently Unemployed
G|rocery/ Convenience Stores Primary/Secondary Schools, Universities Public Squares, Activity spaces
Community Centre Green spaces, Public parks Retail, Workplaces
Medical facilities Cafes, common workspaces Study spaces, Libraries
Pubs, Clubs Restaurants, Eateries, Takeaways Multi-faith Prayer space
5-10 min
Distance from Amenities No. of People known from the neighbourhood Daily Mode of Commute
ABCDE F G
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CPU studio 02 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
Residential Block, Low Rise Apartment Block
Agent Profiles 18 different agent profiles created with their respective needs
Housing Preference
Mixed Use (Commercial + Residential) Tower
15-20
10-15
10-15 min
2-5 min
10-15
ABCDE F G
5-10 min
University Accomodation, High Rise Apartment Block
Individual House, Terraced House
5-10
0-5
5-10 min
2-5 min
5-10
2-5 min
Row Houses, Semi-detached Houses
Type of Agents Student Working Professional (individual/without family) Working Professional (with family)
Amenities Required Retired Small Business Owner with family Currently Unemployed
G|rocery/ Convenience Stores Primary/Secondary Schools, Universities Public Squares, Activity spaces
Community Centre Green spaces, Public parks Retail, Workplaces
Medical facilities Cafes, common workspaces Study spaces, Libraries
Pubs, Clubs Restaurants, Eateries, Takeaways Multi-faith Prayer space
5-10 min 5-10
Distance from Amenities No. of People known from the neighbourhood Daily Mode of Commute
ABCDE F G
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CPU studio 02 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
Residential Block, Low Rise Apartment Block
Agent Profiles 18 different agent profiles created with their respective needs
Housing Preference
Mixed Use (Commercial + Residential) Tower
10-15
5-10 min
5-10 min
ABCDE F G
2-5 min
15-20
15-20
University Accomodation, High Rise Apartment Block
Individual House, Terraced House
10-15
15-20
10-15 min
5-10 min
0-5
2-5 min
Row Houses, Semi-detached Houses
Type of Agents Student Working Professional (individual/without family) Working Professional (with family)
Amenities Required Retired Small Business Owner with family Currently Unemployed
G|rocery/ Convenience Stores Primary/Secondary Schools, Universities Public Squares, Activity spaces
Community Centre Green spaces, Public parks Retail, Workplaces
Medical facilities Cafes, common workspaces Study spaces, Libraries
Pubs, Clubs Restaurants, Eateries, Takeaways Multi-faith Prayer space
5-10 min
Distance from Amenities No. of People known from the neighbourhood Daily Mode of Commute
ABCDE F G
//62
CPU studio 02 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
Residential Block, Low Rise Apartment Block
3D Modelling Methodology
Redundant Spaces Since each agentâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s requirements are mapped, we can use PedSim tool to generate a simulation model based on userâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s points of interest while travelling from one destination to another By listing streets from most preferred to least preferred by the user groups, we will be able to create a list of probable redundant streets which can be converted to pedestrianised areas.
ABCDE F G
CPU studio 02 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
ABCDE F G
Using the 3 key problems and using the analysis findings to create a 3D modelling methodology
//63
3D Modelling Methodology Using the 3 key problems and using the analysis findings to create a 3D modelling methodology
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ABCDE F G
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Increase in Capacity It can be inferred that there is going to be a need to accomodate the newer population, hence creating a need to understanding the housing requirements of existing & future user groups. Pressure maps can be generated by densifying the streets and plots based on points of interests of individuals. This data will then project the amount of people that would be accomodated in that region, according to their housing preferences.
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ABCDE F G
CPU studio 02 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
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3D Modelling Methodology Using the 3 key problems and using the analysis findings to create a 3D modelling methodology
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ABCDE F G
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Lack of Amenities Gathering data from the agent profiles, the maximum points of interests can be determined for each user group and can be plotted on site based on its respective hierarchial road. This will help determine the footprint of amenities based on the density maps obtained previously.
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CPU studio 02 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
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Mapping the walking distance radii and creating a layout in such a way that the amenity access gaps are no longer present
ABCDE F G
//65
ABCDE F G CPU studio 02 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
ABCDE F G
Chapter G
//66
Why Scenario Planning What are the benefits
To explore future possibilities
To create a shared vision
To project patterns
To show possible consequences
CPU studio 02 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
To allow informed decisions
ABCDE F G
Reasons
The tool DOES NOT predict the future
ABCDE F G
//67
Scenario Planning Exploring different possibilities for the future of the neighborhood Determine the rules • What are the demographics? • How many people is the population? • What are the physical conditions? • What are the activities? • Etc.
Neighbo u
Residen t
Scenario 3 Scenario 4 Valu e
ial
Transporta
rs
rs
Analyse impacts in each scenario
Residen t
n tio
Neighbo u
ial
Transporta
n tio
y
Secur it
Green Ar e as
* Each scenario uses a set of rules and it shows possible consequences of particular choice in the area of urban planning. Projected are patterns of movement, development in the area, current condition of the area that determine the constraints and the choices. The scenarios also define the physical outcomes of made choices which impact the way of life, transportation, economics, etc.
Valu e
Implement
CPU studio 02 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
as
Scenario 1 Scenario 2
Secur it
y
Green Ar e
ABCDE F G
Map agent profiles Population projection Map the amenities Map patterns
Create a framework
Consider the results • What do we value? • Who benefits? • What is the best way forward? • Who needs all this? • Etc.
Choose most preffered option between scenario 1, scenario 2, scenario 3 or scenario 4
ABCDE F G
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Hulme Scenario Planning Defining characteristics of potential future neighbourhood development Physi c
n
Segre gat io
no
in
emographics fD
ianised St r e ets
Comm u n ity
rom 1980
r rs fo
tr des Pe
to ac
f ene Sc
L
ife
Defensible Space
Social Cohesion
The Lively Street
Unwelcome Intruders
Characteristics • Exuberant diversity • Open frontage of buildings • Traffic-free streets • Residents are invited to meet
Characteristics • Anti-social behaviour • Territory protection • Inactive frontage • Damage by deliberate vandalism
Image of the neighbourhood • Only certain demographics live there • The physical factors are ruined • Security levels of the area are low
Image of the neighbourhood • Variety of demographics live in the area • The physical factors serve as anchor points • Active community life is created
Image of the neighbourhood • Variety of demographics live in the area • Walking distances are reduced • Sites for corner shops are increased
Image of the neighbourhood • Population in the area is segregated • The street is used as an invisible border • Security levels of the area are low
Scenario 4
Characteristics • Social behaviour • No litter outside bins • Facades are welcoming • Residents are invited to meet
Scenario 3
Characteristics • Anti-social behaviour • Dropping litter • Spraying graffiti • Damage by deliberate vandalism
Scenario 2
Scenario 1
Increa se
al F
ABCDE F G
iti o
CPU studio 02 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
Repe t
ABCDE F G
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Scenario 1: The Defensible Space Subdivision of groups in social structures
If design does not focus on social environment of the neighbourhood and residentsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; needs are not considered when a deprived area is under new development - anti-social behaviour could manifest. If public spaces are empty and desolate - without trees, benches or they are not maintained regularly it could lead ruined physical factors and decreased security level
Wha
Non-safety area, unrealised potential of public spaces, increased police activity, decreased human activity
t is
it ?
o is it f o r ?
Wh
ere
i s it ?
CPU studio 02 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
Wh Around the whole neighbourhood area
ABCDE F G
Demographics that live do not interact around public spaces and feel unsafe about the condition of the area
Demographics
Cars priority and anti-social behaviour
Landscaping
Why i
mp i t i s
o
n rta
t?
If studies on demographics are not analysed, it could lead to social segregation and non-desirable area
ABCDE F G
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Scenario 2: Social Cohesion Increased life between buildings
Designed social environment of through re-appropriation courtyards which aim to be public oriented and shared between different types of demographics. Activity is promoted as an attraction to gather people together to the focal point of public spaces
Wha
Open public spaces with desirable conditions for necessary outdoor and social activities
t is
it ?
o is it f o r ?
Wh
ere
i s it ?
CPU studio 02 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
Wh In an appropriate proximity of oneâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s home, empty plots or transitional spaces
ABCDE F G
All different demographics of people who are living in the area
Green landscaping
Outdoor furniture
Demographics
Why i
mp i t i s
o
n rta
t?
To connect people, to promote types of activities and increase satisfaction with the area
ABCDE F G
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Scenario 3: The Lively Street Physical factors for an integrated community life
Designed social environment of surroundings in the neighbourhood that aims to increase the number of stops in front stores which directly promotes realationship between the demographics of people who live in the neighbourhood
Wha
Pedestrianised street with active frontages of buildings to increase wellbeing and street activities
t is
it ?
o is it f o r ?
Wh
ere
i s it ?
CPU studio 02 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
Wh Secondary roads, connections between different areas of interest
ABCDE F G
All demographics of people who are living in the area and small business owners
Green landscaping
Outdoor furniture
Demographics
Why i
mp i t i s
o
n rta
t?
To increase small businesses and local economy circulation, to maximise pedestrian traffic
ABCDE F G
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Scenario 4: Unwelcome Intruders The streets that disappeared
Predicted increase in population allows for distribution of people living in Hulme. Freedom of movement is lost and people are encoured to stay within their own areas or not interact on the street. Internal and external connection corridors between the city for student and city for Mancunians are unwelcoming for new residents
Wha
Division of social structures, no desirable conditions for interaction, car prioritised public spaces
t is
it ?
o is it f o r ?
Wh
ere
i s it ?
CPU studio 02 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
Wh At the end of university developments and beginning of residential areas
ABCDE F G
Demographics that live separately and do not interact around public spaces
Demographics
Cars priority and anti-social behaviour
Why i
mp i t i s
o
n rta
t?
If studies on demographics are not analysed, it could lead to social segregation and non-desirable area
ABCDE F G
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ABCDE F G CPU studio 02 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
ABCDE F G
What is next?
//74
Framework - What Will be the Next Step? Past, current, future project summary
Performance evaluation
STUDIO 2
Data collection
Data Analysis
Participatory Design
Observational analysis
STUDIO 3
Generative design
Digitalisation and testing
Agent profiles
Optimisation
Iteration analysis
STUDIO 2
Survey
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Methodology and design process
Algorithms
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STUDIO 1
Scenarios options
STUDIO 3
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Bibliography Where did it all come from
James, Paul; Holden, Meg; Lewin, Mary; Neilson, Lyndsay; Oakley, Christine; Truter, Art; Wilmoth, David (2013). "Managing Metropolises by Negotiating Mega-Urban Growth". In Harald Mieg and Klaus Töpfer (ed.). Institutional and Social Innovation for Sustainable Urban Yue, Ricci, et al. “The Human Dimension of Visibility Degradation in a Compact City.” Natural Hazards, vol. 82, no. 3, July 2016 Haaland, Christine, and Cecil Konijnendijk van den Bosch. “Challenges and Strategies for Urban Green-Space Planning in Cities Undergoing Densification: A Review.” Urban Forestry & Urban Greening vol. 14, no. 4, 2015
Wolsink, Maarten. “Environmental Education Excursions and Proximity to Urban Green Space – Densification in a ‘Compact City.’” Environmental Education Research, vol. 22, no. 7, Oct. 2016 Jenks, M., Burton, E. and Williams, K. (Editors), 1996, The Compact City: A Sustainable Urban Form? Eiu.com. (2020). The Worldwide Cost of Living Survey. [online] McKinsey (2018). Thriving amid turbulence: Imagining the cities of the future. [online]
CPU studio 02 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
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Dempsey, Nicola (2010) Revisiting the Compact City? Built Environment 36
McKinsey (2017). Future of Cities | McKinsey & Company. [online] Institution, G. (2019). How to Put Participatory Urban Planning into Practice? Our mission today. [online]
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ABCDE F G CPU studio 02 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
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APPENDIX
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