Studio 2: Shared Vision of a Liveable Neighbourhood

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CPU studio 02 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi

HULME: Shared Vision of a Liveable Neighbourhood

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Studio 2 Project Objectives

Opt i

at vig

l

Evolve Generations of design through computation

a D at

sation mi

ing Rea

Objectives and approach

Ad

ent em

Generate A design space of possible solutions

Proje c

ns

L

Gather data

ssumptio

ge Data In r a

tA

t pu

Evaluate Each solution through measurable goals

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ap

STUDIO 2

CPU studio 02 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi

Co m p ity Manag lex

tive Live

Na d el o M

Select

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Project Outlines Chapter introduction

Goal Sustainable Development of Neighbourhoods

Strategy Compact Cities (Compactness)

Approach Liveable Neighbourhoods through Participatory Urbanism

Methodology Interviewing, Observational Analysis & Computational Tools

CPU studio 02 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi

Problem Rapid Urbanisation

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Outlines

“Participatory Design for Liveable Neighbourhoods“

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Thesis Statement Climate Change is a widely acknowledged phenomenon to which rapid urbanisation and industrialisation has contributed to, and a growing dependence of vehicles in urban settlements is one of the key issues regarding this. As a result, High congestion, the distance of location and lack of amenities, along with a neglect for pedestrian priority, have all resulted in the degradation of the neighbourhood.

The United Nations (UN) have provided a 2030 target Agenda for Sustainable Development which is manifested in 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) aimed at developing countries through a number of strategies which tackle climate change. It is important that future urban strategies consider these goals. The planning and redevelopment of neighbourhoods both present and in the future will deeply impact the overall sustainability and quality of living withing a region.

CPU studio 02 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi

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However, this can be remedied through the approach of creating a walkable diverse and pedestrian orientated urban landscape. This can allow citizens take the initiative of living a sustainable lifestyle through a compact neighbourhood which promotes 6 key principles: An increase in local autonomy, connectivity, proximity, diversity, participation, and adaptability.

As a result, this design thesis aims to recreate an area of Hulme, Manchester, as a self sufficient and sustainable neighbourhood which promotes walkability.

This requires a firm understanding of the demands and needs of demographics within the area. This will be achieved through the approach of participatory design, where the involvement of citizens is embodied to realise the future scope of development within Hulme.

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Introduction With The UN providing 17 goals to achieve by 2030, Goals 9 and 11 focus on developing quality reliable and sustainable infrastructure to support economic affordable development and human wellbeing, and enhancing inclusive and sustainable participatory urbanism, respectively.

By encouraging active collaboration with people in Hulme, this negates the need to create synthetic profiles, and will result in accurate and measurable algorithms which will act as design drivers of an urban model. Generative design will then be utilised as a tool to create a number of viable designs based on data collected. This will help in understanding potential future scenarios within the neighbourhood which will lead to an optimised design for the region.

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CPU studio 02 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi

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With a focus on participatory design, collated data from those aspects of this can be developed and realised through computational methods such as Agent Based modelling, where a set of requirements of various agents can be modelled to affect the design of an area. The methodology of participatory urbanism will play an active role in generating the profiles of said agents.

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Atelier Approach An Overview of learnings from Studio 1, carrying forward the design drivers to Studio 2 & 3 and choice of scales to work on

Studio 2: Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova , Shambhavi Joshi

Design Drivers: • Circular economy • Embodied Energy • Focal Points • Sustainable Development Goals

Combined Design Drivers: • Sustainable Development Goals • Embodied Energy • Lines of Vision • Promoting Walkability

• Optimization of spatial accessibility of users • Design of Multi-purpose spaces • Energy Performance evaluation of optimized building layout

Building Scale

METHODOLOGY ST2 Design Drivers

ST1: Shambhavi Joshi

Generative Design

Design Drivers: • Carbon Neutral Pavilion • Embodied Energy • Carbon Storage in Trees • Lines of Vision

• Design of optimized facade using embodied energy calculations • Maximizing building views • Narrowing down SDGs to building program requirements

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ST1: Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova

Occupancy Scale

Urban Area Studio 3: Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova, Shambhavi Joshi Future Scenarios • Generative Design Methodology Application

• Creating sustainable, walkable neighbourhood with the help of SDGs • Defining Lines of vision for various agents • Including public input in problem analysis • Creating possible iterations of urban layouts • Energy evaluations

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CPU studio 02 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi

Studio 1: DESIGN OF SERPENTINE PAVILION

Contents

Identifying the overall issue in the urban areas, rapid urbanisation in cities and projected population growth in Manchester

Context

20

Understanding of the Hulme neighbourhood through street and buildings, surrounding context, etc

Design Objective

27

Overview of understanding city grids and their functioning, site analysis and mapping of street patterns

Design Strategy

38

Introduction to the approach of walkability, explaining generic amenity requirements and identifying amenity accessibility gaps

E F G

Design Methodology

48

Use of Participatory Urbanism through survey statistics to obtain direct user feedback and accurate data

Agent Based Modelling

56

Introduction of computational approach and building agent profiles resulting from data collection and analysis

Potential Scenarios

66

Understanding the possibilities of potential future scenarios based on the analysis of design objectives and methodology

What’s Next?, Appendix

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10

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A B C D

Problem Introduction

74

A framework of how studies and inferences of Studio 2 are going to be carried forward to Studio 3

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Choosing a Scale to Work on

Occupancy Scale

Building Scale

Urban Scale

What is it? Small scale project focusing on the refurbishment of an already existing building.

Why to consider? In order to achieve one of the Sustainable Development Goals, we could apply an approach that links to the materiality usage which would affect only a small group of people and would not be to a positive contribution to the wider society at which the Sustainable Development Goals focus.

Why not to consider? Small scale project does not fulfill the idea of interconnected Sustainable Development Goals that would affect the wider society. Citizen Engagement is hard to be established on such a scale due to the strict client - professional relationship.

What is it? Small scale project focusing on the sustainable methods of designing a building.

Why to consider? Sustainable Development Goals could be implemented but to a limit. CO2 emissions could be decreased and materiality choice could be part of Circular Economy.

Why not to consider? Small scale project does not fulfill the idea of interconnected Sustainable Development Goals that would affect the wider society. Citizen Engagement is hard to be established on such a scale due to the strict client - professional relationship.

What is it? Big scale project focusing on the design of future cities.

Why to consider? The main idea of Sustainable Development Goals is the interconnection between the 17 goals and it could be reached by working on this scale. Citizen Engagement gives an option to work on a real-life project by identifying the needs of the people who are living in the neighborhood. It is looking towards how the end-user can be brought to the table of discussions with local government, industry and academia for creating a sustainable and livable neighborhood that answers the targets set by the selected goals.

Why not to consider? Could be problematic to identify the overall community needs in order to contribute to the social, economic and political life within the area that answer the Sustainable Development Goals.

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Reasons to make a choice

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Generic Urban Scale Considerations Activating the space and what to consider Saf et

y

Sca le

2

Safety

Scale

Increase visibility and protection from traffic by 1) Increasing in pedestrianised streets 2) Increasing visual permeability 3) Designing more lighting

Define size of adjacent buildings and streets by 1) Measuring width of streets and sidewalks 2) Measuring density and height of neighbouring buildings 3) Analysing active frontage - ground floor usage

Acc es

sib

ce an en

Ma int

ility

Urban Scale

Accessibility

Maintenance

Setting the context by 1) Identifying nearby amenities 2) Responding to community needs and desires 3) Rebuilding existing street life

Allowing movement for all users by 1) Creating alternative circulation patterns 2) Defining clear boundaries 3) Reusing the mean of the street

Provide longterm care by 1) Identifying local partners and sponsors 2) Creating management plan for the neighbourhood 3) Planting resilient native plants

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3

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1

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ABCDE F CPU studio 02 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi

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Chapter A

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Rapid Urbanisation The unstoppable phenomenon

since 2007

by 2030

65 % by 2050

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Increase in population living in urban areas or cities

60 %

“From 2010 to 2050 2.5 to 3 billion people will be added to the urban population worldwide.”

- United Nations

80 %

70 %

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50 %

70 %

Cities contribute to:

80% of Global DDP 70% of global CO2 emissions 70% of global energy consumptions

Cities as homes Since 2007, more than half the world’s population live in cities or urban centers. Research shows that by 2030, cities will be home to 60% of the global population and 65% by 2050.

It is estimated that between 2.5 to 3 billion people will be added to the urban population. For the fact that cities drive innovation and worldwide investment, they become a potent force for addressing sustainable urban development and prosperity.

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Sustainable Development Goals The critical role of urban areas to achieve the goals Ho w

as part of the United Nations Agenda

GOALS

are infrastructure, climate action, sustainable cities, etc.

oals addr e do g s s ?

2015

did it all star t e en d?

Adopted in

Some of the addressed issues within the

t ha

Wh

W

ABCDE F

Global Goals to ensure people’s, cities’ and countries’ prosperity

CPU studio 02 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi

17

are there?

for improving quality of life and transforming the environment and the way people live

s oal yg

SHARED VISION

main reson?

Created with international governments and civil society as a

ma n

he st

Wh at i

What are The Sustainable Development Goals?

17 Interconnected Goals The Sustainable Development Goals are the blueprint to achieve a better and more sustainable future for all. They address the global challenges we face, including those related to poverty, inequality, climate change, environmental degradation, peace and justice. The 17 Goals are all interconnected and it is important that we achieve them all by 2030.

- United Nations Source

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Addressing Sustainable Development Gaols Transforming innovation policy through citizen engagement Transv ers al

wo rk

Co

tion: Partne r s hip

Studio 1 focus

CITIZEN ENGAGEMENT

Goal 13: Climate Action

GOALS

1: S

u

mu

s nitie

ra

st r

u c tu

re

9.4 By 2030, upgrade infrastructure and retrofit industries to make them sustainable, with increased resource-use efficiency and greater adoption of clean and environmentally sound technologies and industrial processes, with all countries taking action in accordance with their respective capabilities

m

d I nf

Focus on 9.1 Develop quality, reliable, sustainable and resilient infrastructure, including regional and transborder infrastructure, to support economic development and human well-being, with a focus on affordable and equitable access for all

an d Co

ovation an

le Cities

nn y, I

b ina

str

sta

du

Goal 1

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Goal 9 : In

tions ndi

nd i Co

Transforming our world through

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Frame

Focus on 11.3 By 2030, enhance inclusive and sustainable urbanization and capacity for participatory, integrated and sustainable human settlement planning and management in all countries 11.7 By 2030, provide universal access to safe, inclusive and accessible, green and public spaces, in particular for women and children, older persons and persons with disabilities

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Population Growth in Manchester Living in urban areas Greate rM a

C ur r e n tP o

Po p

ula tion

tion

ter

People living in the 10 boroughs of Greater Manchester will increase with

250 000

The world is constantly changing, and whilst some of the changes can be fleeting and temporary, others can be transformative forces that shape the society. One of the most powerful trends is the global migration to cities, or urbanisation. As a result, the challenges and that emerge are opportunities to create structural shifts in the way cities are ruled, designed and inhabited.

by 2034

2 800 000

250 000

Greater Manchester

in 2018

by 2034

City of

Ma n

Po p

People living in the City of Manchester will increase with

tion

tion

538 000

Future

ula

er est ch

City governments and policy-makers will need to plan and manage all theimpacts that urbanisation brings with it - from politics to climate change, etc. Only by addressing interconnected issues, as well as the technical and political barriers to change, can they ensure a good quality of life for millions of urban dwellers.

C ur r e n tP op

CPU studio 02 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi

10 Boroughs

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Citizens in 10 boroughs of Greater Manchester

ula

By 2050, two-thirds or 6.5 bilion people of the projected world population will live in urban centres. With billions of new people living in urban areas, the way cities are designed and engineered will have to be reassessed. Sustainable development will play a key role in urbanisation as society seeks to mitigate the environmental impact of cities. When we consider how 72% of urban energy use comes from fossil fuels, and cities are responsible for 70% of direct CO2 emissions, it is no wonder why The United Nations (UN) have named sustainable urbanisation as one of its 17 Sustainable Development Goals.

la pu

he s nc

Attention to the topic

2 800 000

Future

56 000 by 2034

Citizens in City ofManchester

City

538 000

56 000

of Manchester

in 2018

by 2034

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Densification Increasing the population within a region

Prevention of the urban sprawl

Hous in

Build ing

gd

Subdivision of housing

This is the most widely used approach in densely populated regions. Demolition of older structures to make way for new developments often results in taller mixed use buildings which may consist of retail, offices, and apartments.

Considered to be an underhand approach to addressing housing crises, larger homes have been divided by rooms to create smaller apartments or co-living spaces.

e

ion

nt

Plot development

r

us e-

s ivi

me op

eve l

CPU studio 02 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi

Plot d

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Hulme neighbourhood site boundary

Building re-use Building re-use can be seen to be the most environmentally sustainable approach to providing new homes within a region, negating the need to demolish existing buildings which are structurally viable.

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Cities’ Scorecard What is most important in choosing your new city Opportunities Average wages of workers

Quality of workplace Accessibility of Local business commercial space tax rates General Quality of Proximity to major demographics infrastructure port, rail, and/or of the location highway systems

Opportunities to learn something new

Availability of housing Crime/ Safety Cost

Average time to commute to work

Favorable climate/ weather

Quality of K-12 schools

CPU studio 02 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi

Quality of shopping

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Affordability of housing

Existing city environment

Good cultural attractions Quality of parks and Quality and variety of restaurants outdoor recreation Close to beach Ease of getting around by public Number of attractions transportation Quality of hospitals/ Iconic landmarks healthcare services Quality of natural Easily accessible by environment commercial flights Job opportunities Infrastructure Stability English spoken

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Manchester’s Scoreboard How is Manchester performing

1. London 2. Edinburgh

Best student city in the world

3RD

4. Glasgow 5. Coventry 6. Nottingham

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Most liveable city in the United Kingdom

e

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9

Most liveable city in the world

01

118. Kiev, Ukraine 119. Leicester, England 120. Minsk, Belarus

W o rl d U n i v

y R a n ki n g s 2

London Birmingham Edinburgh

QS

r s it

29TH

1ST

138. Dhaka, Bangladesh 139. Lagos, Nigeria 140. Damascus, Syria

e y R a n ki n g s 2

38TH

W o rl d U n i v

r s it

QS

9

1. London, England 2. Tokyo, Japan 3. Melbourne, Australia

01

1. Vienna, Austria 2. Melbourne, Australia 3. Sydney, Australia

Best city to study in the United Kingdom

The Economist Liveability Index Thoughts on Manchester’s score “Measured by factors including environment, healthcare, education, culture and infrastructure, this is a good indicator that Manchester’s reputation and position as a global city continues to grow in strength.”

- Sheona Southern

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Diversification Creating a diverse infrastructure for an increasing population Manchester

Population

Housing

The current population trends show a steady increase within Greater Manchester over the course of the next 10 years. This will see a 20% rise in people living and working in the region.

The increase in population will directly affect housing, leading for a demand for properties for a wide demographic ranging from students and working professionals, to families and an aging population.

Divers

ee c

CPU studio 02 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi

n tio

ng

Hou si

y om on

Pop ula

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Urban region

Diverse economy By having a range of both big and small businesses within a region, the local economy can be strengthened and be insulated against any decline in any particular sector, providing jobs for a diverse population.

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Population summary The rising population in the urban region

Cu r

in 2020

Pro j

+20.3% by 2030

Populatio n ted

25 251

Hulme Neighbourhood

8 855 +20.4% by 2030

Current Population

Populatio n ted

ec

ec

Pro j

ABCDE F

in 2020

7 353

CPU studio 02 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi

20 983

ul t Pop ation

ul t Pop ation

n re

n re

Cu r

Site Area

According to Manchester City Council’s Intelligence Hub, the current population of the Hulme area stands at almost 21,000, with projections from NASA’s Socioeconomic Data and Application Center estimating the population within the site boundary at over 7,000

Projected Population Over the next decade, there is estimated to be a 20% population increase within Hulme, resulting in a 1,500+ change within the site. in order to meet the requirements of both present, and future demographics, infrastructure must be developed in order to address the needs of Hulme residents.

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ABCDE F CPU studio 02 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi

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Chapter B

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Historical Development of Hulme

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CPU studio 02 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi

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Understanding the site’s influence

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Building Typologies - Context

Terrace

Courtyard Block

Tower Block

Mid-Rise Block

Semi-Detached

CPU studio 02 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi

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Building typologies surrounding the site

Detached

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Observational Analysis

1

Wasted public space

2

Active public space

3

Vandalised public space

4

Private public space

5

Self-made public space

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CPU studio 02 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi

ABCDE F G

Current site condition

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Walkability to Main Landmarks

ABCDE F G

CPU studio 02 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi

ABCDE F G

Taken from a centric point within the area

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Surounding Amenities - Context

Site

Offices

Food/ Restaurants

Healthcare

Leisure/ Entertainment

Schools

Residential

University

Transport

Retail

Industrial

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CPU studio 02 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi

ABCDE F G

Various amenities surrounding the site

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Our Framework To address the opportunities of the neighbourhood Di

What are the opportunities?

Who should benefit?

What is the outcome?

To analyse the demographics, the existing context of the neigbourhood and its issues all based on observational analysis, and user perspectives

To identify opportunities for intersection between what people value or need and what city council and designers can provide to meet their needs

To identify the actors and understand the group of users, their backgrounds, their daily patterns and how they can influence the design process

To analyse scenarios of implementing and adopting survey findings, to evaluate advantages/ disadvantages and draw a line of consequences when considering different design approaches

Where should we focus?

How to respond?

How to deliver the design?

To understand the impact of the area’s location, the project’s scale and the re-appropriation of the neighbourhood based on the residents’ responses

To create an opportunity for residents’ to take a survey related to the neighbourhood’s present condition and their views of its future development as a place that answers their needs

To respond to citizen engagement while taking into consideration the design strategies and computational tools of agent based modelling that explore future possibilities which allow for more informed decision-making

CPU studio 02 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi

What are the problems?

ABCDE F G

e ss oc

o ver sc

Pr

Imp ent lem

ABCDE F G

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ABCDE F G CPU studio 02 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi

ABCDE F G

Chapter C

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Project Outlines Chapter introduction

Goal Sustainable Development of Neighbourhoods

Strategy Compact Cities (Compactness)

Approach Liveable Neighbourhoods through Participatory Urbanism

Methodology Interviewing, Observational Analysis & Computational Tools

CPU studio 02 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi

Problem Rapid Urbanisation

ABCDE F G

Outlines

“Participatory Design for Liveable Neighbourhoods“

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Centrality Strategy for Walkability

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CPU studio 02 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi

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Understanding the concept of degrees of centrality and its benefits in measuring walkability

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City Layouts Design approaches to the city street network

Grid S t

Lin e

Grid Street Layout

Concentric Street Layout

Linear Street Layout

The characteristics of grid street The Grid street plan can be considered to be the most common approaches to urban design. Varying in sizes and approach, parts of the urban grid can be assigned for pedestrian, vehicular use, or both. Predefined grids can also be subdivided depending on size, to enable multiple buildings within each grid shape.

The characteristics of concentric street The concentric zonal model is a sociologically driven approach to defining the urban landscape. This design attempts to distribute social groups and infrastructure within designated zonal rings which represents land use and value.

The city plan’s generic pattern is as follows:

The characteristics of linear street The linear landscape attempts to use transport as a driver to link urban landscapes together. The typical layout of a linear city sees one main arterial route run through the landscape, with secondary and tertiary routes branching off. This can vary according to geographical factors such as location, influencing the layout of minor routes. This may include design approaches such as linear tree, grid, and radial plans.

1: Centre zone/ Business district 2: Mixed-use residential and commercial 3: Inner residential Housing 4: Outer suburban Housing 5: Outer zone/ Commuter belt

Observations of grid street

Observations of concentric street

Observations of linear street

- Maximises the use of land within each block - Pedestrian and vehicular flow only intersect at right angles - Length and width of each block influences building design and context - Facilitates wayfinding and directness of route desired

• Design theorises the Bid Rent Curve • Urban area is organised in accordance to use • Rigid approach assumes an unchanging landscape • Likelihood of a lack of social cohesion due to social groups separated

• City is divided into sectors • Circulation driven; main route precedes the landscape • No conventionally identifiable urban centre • Low connectivity unless the city expands outwards for parallel routes

ABCDE F G

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ABCDE F G

e et

t tree

Str

S ic

t

Conc en tr

ar

ree

Urban Characterisation Street network design implemented around the world

Concentric Urban Plan

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ABCDE F G

w, Russia sc o

drid, Spain Ma

Mo

ttle, USA Sea Grid Urban Plan

Linear Urban Plan

The characteristics of the grid urban plan The city of Seattle is composed of a series of grids which are connected via intersecting routes to connect the disjointed city grid segments. With the city fragmented into districts in accordance to their usage, areas lack a transitional space between the latter, resulting in a lack of visible identity in each region.

The characteristics of the concentric city As a megacity, Moscow’s challenge is to expand it’s larger pedestrian street networks as the city’s population grows.

The characteristics of the linear city Cudad lineal in Madrid serves as a prime example of the linear landscape. The district sees a major road, and railway line run parallel to link regions. A number of minor roads and pathways intersect these to create a tree branch system. As a result, public areas are rare, with vehicle and pedestrian circulation taking priority.

Recommendations for the grid urban plan • Establish a vibrant and diversified downtown in an office focused landscape • Expand networks for smaller businesses • Connecting Seattle’s waterfront with the city with public space • Increase green pockets within the urban area • Distinctive districts to allow connections between areas

Recommendations for the concentric city • Encourage ground floor activities to maintain public life both day and night • A greener streetscape • Wider pavements • Improving connections across the Moskva River • Transform larger traffic intersections into public spaces

Recommendations for the linear city • Pedestrianise minor routes to increase static public space • Mixed areas to encourage both residential and economic activity • Re-establish an active frontage along the major route

ABCDE F G

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Site Measurements Introducing extents of the site and its dimensions

80.5 m

36.5 m

0m

.8 25

45

m

m

m

ABCDE F G

.90

532

328 m

.2

68 m

5m

99

232.2

m .7

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80.9

98.65 m

165.3 80.2

m

m

56.1

m 5 7.4

m

6

.80

217

m

Perimeter: 2215.25 m Area: approx. 251,925 m2 Total population: ~7500 Avg. Density: 0.046 people/ m2

ABCDE F G

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Street and Building Block Patterns

Street Pattern

Block Pattern

CPU studio 02 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi

ABCDE F G

Understanding current street patterns on site, the built spaces and plot lines

Plot Patterns

ABCDE F G

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Centrality Mapping on Site

Closeness Centrality Slightly rigid as it provides real time distances between intersections but calculating the frequency of preferred path is difficult

Betweenness Centrality Consider whole lengths instead of fragmenting each road segment. Provides travel frequency of preferred shortest path. Ideal for identifying redundant streets/roads and shortest distance to points of interest

CPU studio 02 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi

ABCDE F G

Understanding the effect of various centralities on connectivity of the site

Information Centrality Identifies each road segment indipendently and calculates probable paths using midpoints of these road segments. Creates numerous intersection points increasing street activity but reduces density

ABCDE F G

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From Nodes to Human Movement Movement choice considerations

Stop Start

Modelling human behaviour limitations: Approach in modelling human behaviour narrowed down to limitations of regions (clusters of nodes), nodes (constructed from major junctions) and roads (urban networks) within or around the site

Region-based choice: Blue node indicates origin and pink node indicates destination Node-based choice: Blue nodes indicate a pre-selected route within regions Roads-based choice: Blue roads indicate route between nodes

CPU studio 02 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi

ABCDE F G

Arrive

If <need to go to work> = true and <not in a hurry> = true then <stop by the grocery shop> else <walk straight to final destination>

ABCDE F G

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Street User Share The pedestrian to vehicular ratio of streets in the Hulme area

Primary and secondary routes within the site boundary give priority to vehicular access, limiting pedestrian flow along major routes. There are also a number of grass patches which can be considered as redundant spaces as pedestrians do not walk on them, which could be utilised for the latter.

oad

ord R

t

Stre t

Arnott

nt

Cresce

Mil lb

74.8%

3.6m

ent esc Cr

10m

ee t

oad

2.4m

37.5%

e

S tr

R rd

62.5%

Arn ott

ck

fo

1.6m 2m

5.5m

42.4%

25.2%

2m 1.6m

ABCDE F G

k Stree

Millbec

In order to create a balance/pedestrian friendly landscape, routes with redundant spaces and or frequent pedestrian activity can be redesigned to prioritise said users.

2.2m

4m

4.8m

42.1%

7.2m

15.5%

7.9m

2.2m

ABCDE F G

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CPU studio 02 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi

Stretf

Adaptation Opportunities of the Street

Vehicular Space

Parking Space

Sidewalk Space

Cars, taxis and buses are a priority How can the space be narrowed to decrease the traffic while at the same time not cause problems to the daily commute of people who are using cars as a mode of transport?

Cars are a priority How can the space be adapted so that pedestrians benefit from the change by being given wier sidewalks while at the same time not affect the ratio in parking allotments in the neighbourhood?

People are a priority How can the space be redesigned so that it invites more people walking instead of using vehicular mode of transport, socialising or simply taking different transit to their final destination?

ABCDE F G

CPU studio 02 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi

ABCDE F G

What are the spaces for re-use

//37

ABCDE F CPU studio 02 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi

ABCDE F

Chapter D

//38

Project Outlines Chapter introduction

Goal Sustainable Development of Neighbourhoods

Strategy Compact Cities (Compactness)

Approach Liveable Neighbourhoods through Participatory Urbanism

Methodology Interviewing, Observational Analysis & Computational Tools

CPU studio 02 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi

Problem Rapid Urbanisation

ABCDE F G

Outlines

“Participatory Design for Liveable Neighbourhoods“

ABCDE F G

//39

Measurements of a Compact City Variables in evaluating the liveable design of a city

Xm2 of land per person

Pedestrians

30 min

5 min

15 min

Park 10 min

Public Transport

Shop

Taxi/ Transport

2 min

Ownership of Cars

Post-office 8 min

Density

Proximity and Self-sufficiency

Urban density refers to the number of people living in m2 of land. In the case of compact cities, it refers to keeping residents close to community amenities. The buildings are low to compliment the human scale, give access to green spaces and encourage views.

When a person has access to everything they need in the community they live in ranging from stores to banks, then the city is self-sustaining. Ideally, the amenities in a compact city are located within a walking distance from where people live.

Flowerbeds

Cyclists

Pedestriansâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Priority The objective of a compact city is to design a walkable community which means that it supports and encourages pedestrian traffic. The flow of pedestrian traffic focuses on increasing the total area of sidewalks, green spaces, etc.

Trees Parks

ABCDE F G

School

Bank

CPU studio 02 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi

Work

Green Space Flowerbeds, trees, parks, etc areas are the elements of a city that define green spaces. These are the areas that create the landscape of the community and do not only enhance the aesthetics of it but also help fighting CO2 emissions.

ABCDE F G

//40

Proximity of Generic Amenities

ABCDE F G

CPU studio 02 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi

ABCDE F G

Mapping amenity requirements based on population demographics

//41

Linking amenity spaces and age groups Understanding the role of amenities in interaction of various age groups

Settings/ Amenities to support any stage of life Amenities like1. Public Squares 2. Green Parks 3. Commercial Centre 4. Healthcare 5. Transport facilities

INFANT

Settings/ Amenities to support ritual passing from one stage to another

CHILD

ADULT

YOUNG ADULT

Amenities like1. Schools, Universities, etc 2. Religious spaces 3. Playgrounds 4. Workplaces

ABCDE F G

YOUNG CHILD

CPU studio 02 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi

OLD PERSON

YOUNGSTER

YOUTH A abstract representation of various linkages and interaction points of user groups

Settings/ Amenities to mark interaction between stages Amenities like1. Cafes & Restaurants 2. Community Centre 3. Common workspaces 4. Public Squares 5. Entertainment

ABCDE F G

//42

Linking amenity spaces and age groups

IMPORTANT SPACES/ SETTING

RITES of PASSAGE

AMENITIES

INFANT Trust

Home, crib, nursery, garden

Birth place, setting up the home, out of crib, making a place

Healthcare, Kindergarten, Grocery/ Convenience stores, Day care

YOUNG CHILD Autonomy

Own place in home, couple’s realm, children’s realm, commons, connected play

Walking, making a place, special occasions

Primary School, Healthcare, Parks, Playground, Sports facility

CHILD Initiative

Play space, own place, common land, neighbourhood, animals

Ventures in town, sense of community

Secondary School, Healthcare, Parks, Playground, Sports facility, Cycle tracks

YOUNGSTER Industry

Children’s home, school, own place, adventure play, club, community

Puberty, private entrance, paying your way in

High School, Healthcare, Sports facility, Cycle tracks, Cafes, Library

YOUTH Identity

Cottage, Teenage society, hostel, apprentice, town and region

Commencement, marriage, work, building

Workspaces, Restaurants/ Pubs, Healthcare, Sports, Transport system

YOUNG ADULT Intimacy

Household, couple’s realm, small work group, the family, network of learning

Birth of child, Creating social wealth, building

Workspaces, Restaurants/ Pubs, Day care, Transport system, Banks, Parking

ADULT Generativity

Work community, the family town hall, a room of one’s own

Birthday, gatherings, change in work, extending family

Healthcare, Housing, Civic amenities, Community, Transport, Public squares

OLD PERSON Integrity

Settled work, cottage, the family, independent regions

Death, funeral, grave sites

Healthcare, Cemeteries, Pedestrian walkways, Green spaces

ABCDE F G

CPU studio 02 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi

STAGE

ABCDE F G

Understanding the role of amenities in interaction of various age grous

//43

Walkability and distance measures of Site Ideal distances, number and locations of amenities wrt to user walkability

1

X2

O SHO 00 T P 0

POLICE POST

PRIMARY SCHOOL 1 X 2000

1 X 1000

RECREAT IONAL CL

6 X (300 - 2000)

I

1X

COM M UN

FAMILY WELFARE CENTER

A

0

AR E

,00

10

AY

1X

PL

UB 2 X (2500 - 15,000) H E ALTH SE N IOR 2 X (2 CARE C ENTR S 5 00 SE ECO 1 5 RV ,000 E ) 1 X NDAR ICE 600 Y S 1X M 0 CHO 20 ARK OL 00 E T

R AA AZ LB 0 MA 100 ING OR 1 X BUILD INF US IGIO 400 RE L 2 X AR K OOD P BOURH NEIGH 1 X 10,000

PO X 1500 ING 1 PP O SH 000 L A X3 C LO 1

10,0 TY HAL 00 L

OX ST B

ABCDE F G

1 50

ABCDE F G

CPU studio 02 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi

1X

ARK EN P GRE X 5000

TO 1 TL

//44

Amenity access extents on site Identifying the accessibility of amenities on site by the scope of walkability towards them

CAFES RESTAURANTS/ PUBS

TRANSPORT FACILITIES

CPU studio 02 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi

ABCDE F G

Click on the icons to view relevant maps

SERVICES

HEALTHCARE

EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES GREEN SPACES

WORSHIP

SPORTS

ABCDE F G

//45

Amenity access gaps on Site

ABCDE F G

CPU studio 02 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi

ABCDE F G

Identifying the gaps in the accessibility of amenities on site

//46

Strategy

Strategy 2

Strategy 3

BETWEENNESS CENTRALITY

GRID ARRANGEMENT

RE-PURPOSED ROADS

ABCDE F G

CPU studio 02 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi

Strategy 1

ABCDE F G

Overview of selected strategies

//47

ABCDE F CPU studio 02 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi

ABCDE F

Chapter E

//48

Project Outlines Chapter introduction

Goal Sustainable Development of Neighbourhoods

Strategy Compact Cities (Compactness)

Approach Liveable Neighbourhoods through Participatory Urbanism

Methodology Interviewing, Observational Analysis & Computational Tools

CPU studio 02 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi

Problem Rapid Urbanisation

ABCDE F G

Outlines

“Participatory Design for Liveable Neighbourhoods“

ABCDE F G

//49

Our Methodology for Mutual Participation Filling the gap between the city council and the public Top-down approach

CITY COUNCIL

L

C oll a

n is t e

Interviews, questionnaires, focus groups, collaborative mapping

b or

ate

Gathering of needs, requirements, existing patterns

Passive Design Participation through design space exploration

ose

Con

s u lt

P ro p

CPU studio 02 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi

Faci li

o lv e

Collecting ideas and information of successful projects

ABCDE F G

In v

tate

Active Design Participation through workshops, digital design tools

Collecting ideas and information of successful projects

Information, announcements, public hearings

De

cid e

I n fo

Presentation to partners, developers or public

IDENTIFIED GAP

rm Bottom-up approach

PUBLIC

ABCDE F G

//50

Population Surveying

ABCDE F G

CPU studio 02 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi

ABCDE F G

Understanding the current population needs in the area

//51

Conducted Survey Questions Sneakpeak to the collected information Mixed use.

18 - 25

Demographic

Future Scenarios

Walking

Neighbourhood Development Question 8: Do you think Hulme has identifiable landmarks/ reference points? If yes, do you refer to any of these as landmarks?

You can also mention your landmarks in “Other“ option?

Question 11: Do you think there should be more pedestrian friendly streets in the area?

Question 12: What kind of street design elements would you like to have in your neighbourhood?

Hulme Bridge

Green parks, restaurants, public squares, street landscaping, playgrounds for adults.

Compactness Strategy Question 9: What amenities do you think your neighbourhood should have more?

Question 10: How far would you like to live from these amenities?

Question 13: Are you aware of any frequent event/ festival/ programs/ city council or local body consultations/ interactions happening in Hulme neighbourhood?

Question 14: What is your idea of a “liveable neighbourhood”?

2-5 minutes.

ABCDE F G

Question 5: How many people do you know in your neighbourhood community excluding the people you live/ work with?

Question 6: How long do you see yourself living/ working in Hulme?

Question 7: What kind of housing would you prefer to live in?

Question 15: Among the given options, how do you see this area developing in the near future?

CPU studio 02 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi

Question 1: What is your age group?

Question 2: What is your occupation?

Question 3: Why did you choose to live in Hulme area?

Question 4: What is the mode of your daily commute?

Where residents needs are met, where people feel safe walking down the street, where people connect and socialise.

ABCDE F G

//52

Amenity Requirements of Agents Amenities required by various types of agents based on participatory survey

Working Professional (individual/ without family)

Working Professional (with family)

Small Business Owner with family

Retired

Currently Unemployed

ABCDE F G

CPU studio 02 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi

ABCDE F G

Student

//53

Street Design Requirements of Agents Street design elements required by various types of agents based on participatory survey

Working Professional (individual/ without family)

Working Professional (with family)

Small Business Owner with family

Retired

Currently Unemployed

ABCDE F G

CPU studio 02 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi

ABCDE F G

Student

//54

Problem Definition

Problem 2

Problem 3

INCREASE IN CAPACITY

LACK OF AMENITIES

REDUNDANT SPACES

ABCDE F G

CPU studio 02 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi

Problem 1

ABCDE F G

Overview of identified problems

//55

ABCDE F CPU studio 02 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi

ABCDE F

Chapter F

//56

Agent-based Modelling Understanding the opportunities

Peception

Peception

ctions

ns

ctio

era

Action Z1 Action Z2

Int

Need X Need Y Need Z

Action Y1 Action Y2

Peception

ABCDE F G

Need X Need Y Need Z

Peception

Advantages of Agent Based System

Limitations of Agent Based System

Integration of Agent Based System

Presenting collected data for big scale projects • Changed the way researchers think about systems due to the increase of computational power and data: - Move from aggregate to disaggregate models - Move from static to dynamic models • Allows designers to focus on processes that generate patterns.

- Focuses on individuals (and their decisions)

The difficulties in analysing data • There is neither a template nor universal way to design and build agent-based models: - Issues of reproducibility • Some people criticize agent-based modelling as being data that is difficult to collect: - Issues of calibration and validation

The way forward in analysing data • The predicted population increase needs an efficient urban system for urban futures.

• Application areas range from exploring: - Conditions for walkability, the impact of different demographics, parking behavior, etc.

• Agents’ individual decisions are at the core of issues and potential solutions: - Does the agent take a car or bus to work/ use public parks/ spend free time in the are?

ABCDE F G

//57

CPU studio 02 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi

Peception

Actions

Action X1 Action X2

Interacti

Need X Need Y Need Z

ons

Intera

Peception

Generic Patterns of Agents Analysing patterns of agents throughout the day

-

Evening Patterns

if <condition is met> then [..take action 1..] else [..take action 2..]

Midday Patterns

Action

Time

Action

Time

Action

Weekday (morning) Weekday (morning) Weekday (morning)

if (and(age > 18, age < 25)) then [..go to university..] if (and(age > 25, age < 32)) then [..go to work..] if (and(age > 32, age < 65)) then [..go to work..]

Weekday (evening) Weekday (evening) Weekday (evening)

if (and(age > 18, age < 25)) then [..go to an event..] if (and(age > 25, age < 32)) then [..go to the gym..] if (and(age > 32, age < 65)) then [..go to a shop..]

Weekend (midday) Weekend (midday) Weekend (midday)

if (and(age > 18, age < 25)) then [..go for brunch..] if (and(age > 25, age < 32)) then [..go jogging..] if (and(age > 32, age < 65)) then [..go to a playground..]

Weekend (midday)

Time

Weekday (evening)

Weekday (morning)

d Prof essi o n al

32 yo

P

t an

26 yo

Z-

en ar

20 yo

Y

Professional

e nt

Age

Agent

ng ou

ud St

Morning Patterns

Y-

ABCDE F G

Agent

CPU studio 02 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi

Agen tX

ABCDE F G

//58

Participatory Urbanism for Neighborhood Management Agent based modelling through surveying current population

Ag en

Age

Z

Y

tX

Age nt

nt

Interviewee X

Collected and analysed data

Interviewee Y

Collected and analysed data

Interviewee Z

Collected and analysed data

CPU studio 02 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi

Question 1: What is your age group?

Question 2: What is your occupation?

Question 3: Why did you choose to live in Hulme area?

Question 4: What is the mode of your daily commute?

Question 5: How many people do you know in your neighbourhood community excluding the people you live/ work with?

Question 6: How long do you see yourself living/ working in Hulme?

Question 7: What kind of housing would you prefer to live in?

Question 8: Do you think Hulme has identifiable landmarks/ reference points? If yes, do you refer to any of these as landmarks?

You can also mention your landmarks in “Other“ option?

Question 9: What amenities do you think your neighbourhood should have more?

Question 10: How far would you like to live from these amenities?

Question 11: Do you think there should be more pedestrian friendly streets in the area?

Question 12: What kind of street design elements would you like to have in your neighbourhood?

Question 13: Are you aware of any frequent event/ festival/ programs/ city council or local body consultations/ interactions happening in Hulme neighbourhood? If yes please mention the name and place of the event.

Question 14: What is your idea of a “liveable neighbourhood”?

Question 15: Among the given options, how do you see this area developing in the near future?

ABCDE F G

Questionnaire

Agent based modelling for Neighborhood Management of a liveable and sustainable neighborhood of the future that aligns with the set targets by the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals as well as with the individual’s needs and decisions.

ABCDE F G

//59

Agent Profiles 18 different agent profiles created with their respective needs

Housing Preference

Mixed Use (Commercial + Residential) Tower

5-10

10-15

10-20 min

5-10 min

ABCDE F G

5-10 min

10-15

University Accomodation, High Rise Apartment Block

Individual House, Terraced House

10-15

5-10

10-15 min

2-5 min

5-10

5-10 min

Row Houses, Semi-detached Houses

Type of Agents Student Working Professional (individual/without family) Working Professional (with family)

Amenities Required Retired Small Business Owner with family Currently Unemployed

G|rocery/ Convenience Stores Primary/Secondary Schools, Universities Public Squares, Activity spaces

Community Centre Green spaces, Public parks Retail, Workplaces

Medical facilities Cafes, common workspaces Study spaces, Libraries

Pubs, Clubs Restaurants, Eateries, Takeaways Multi-faith Prayer space

5-10 min

Distance from Amenities No. of People known from the neighbourhood Daily Mode of Commute

ABCDE F G

//60

CPU studio 02 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi

Residential Block, Low Rise Apartment Block

Agent Profiles 18 different agent profiles created with their respective needs

Housing Preference

Mixed Use (Commercial + Residential) Tower

15-20

10-15

10-15 min

2-5 min

10-15

ABCDE F G

5-10 min

University Accomodation, High Rise Apartment Block

Individual House, Terraced House

5-10

0-5

5-10 min

2-5 min

5-10

2-5 min

Row Houses, Semi-detached Houses

Type of Agents Student Working Professional (individual/without family) Working Professional (with family)

Amenities Required Retired Small Business Owner with family Currently Unemployed

G|rocery/ Convenience Stores Primary/Secondary Schools, Universities Public Squares, Activity spaces

Community Centre Green spaces, Public parks Retail, Workplaces

Medical facilities Cafes, common workspaces Study spaces, Libraries

Pubs, Clubs Restaurants, Eateries, Takeaways Multi-faith Prayer space

5-10 min 5-10

Distance from Amenities No. of People known from the neighbourhood Daily Mode of Commute

ABCDE F G

//61

CPU studio 02 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi

Residential Block, Low Rise Apartment Block

Agent Profiles 18 different agent profiles created with their respective needs

Housing Preference

Mixed Use (Commercial + Residential) Tower

10-15

5-10 min

5-10 min

ABCDE F G

2-5 min

15-20

15-20

University Accomodation, High Rise Apartment Block

Individual House, Terraced House

10-15

15-20

10-15 min

5-10 min

0-5

2-5 min

Row Houses, Semi-detached Houses

Type of Agents Student Working Professional (individual/without family) Working Professional (with family)

Amenities Required Retired Small Business Owner with family Currently Unemployed

G|rocery/ Convenience Stores Primary/Secondary Schools, Universities Public Squares, Activity spaces

Community Centre Green spaces, Public parks Retail, Workplaces

Medical facilities Cafes, common workspaces Study spaces, Libraries

Pubs, Clubs Restaurants, Eateries, Takeaways Multi-faith Prayer space

5-10 min

Distance from Amenities No. of People known from the neighbourhood Daily Mode of Commute

ABCDE F G

//62

CPU studio 02 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi

Residential Block, Low Rise Apartment Block

3D Modelling Methodology

Redundant Spaces Since each agentâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s requirements are mapped, we can use PedSim tool to generate a simulation model based on userâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s points of interest while travelling from one destination to another By listing streets from most preferred to least preferred by the user groups, we will be able to create a list of probable redundant streets which can be converted to pedestrianised areas.

ABCDE F G

CPU studio 02 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi

ABCDE F G

Using the 3 key problems and using the analysis findings to create a 3D modelling methodology

//63

3D Modelling Methodology Using the 3 key problems and using the analysis findings to create a 3D modelling methodology

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ABCDE F G

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Increase in Capacity It can be inferred that there is going to be a need to accomodate the newer population, hence creating a need to understanding the housing requirements of existing & future user groups.

Pressure maps can be generated by densifying the streets and plots based on points of interests of individuals. This data will then project the amount of people that would be accomodated in that region, according to their housing preferences.

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ABCDE F G

CPU studio 02 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi

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//64

3D Modelling Methodology Using the 3 key problems and using the analysis findings to create a 3D modelling methodology

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ABCDE F G

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Lack of Amenities Gathering data from the agent profiles, the maximum points of interests can be determined for each user group and can be plotted on site based on its respective hierarchial road.

This will help determine the footprint of amenities based on the density maps obtained previously.

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CPU studio 02 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi

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Mapping the walking distance radii and creating a layout in such a way that the amenity access gaps are no longer present

ABCDE F G

//65

ABCDE F G CPU studio 02 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi

ABCDE F G

Chapter G

//66

Why Scenario Planning What are the benefits

To explore future possibilities

To create a shared vision

To project patterns

To show possible consequences

CPU studio 02 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi

To allow informed decisions

ABCDE F G

Reasons

The tool DOES NOT predict the future

ABCDE F G

//67

Scenario Planning Exploring different possibilities for the future of the neighborhood Determine the rules • What are the demographics?

• How many people is the population?

• What are the physical conditions?

• What are the activities?

• Etc.

Neighbo u

Residen t

Scenario 3 Scenario 4 Valu e

ial

Transporta

rs

rs

Analyse impacts in each scenario

Residen t

n tio

Neighbo u

ial

Transporta

n tio

y

Secur it

Green Ar e as

* Each scenario uses a set of rules and it shows possible consequences of particular choice in the area of urban planning. Projected are patterns of movement, development in the area, current condition of the area that determine the constraints and the choices. The scenarios also define the physical outcomes of made choices which impact the way of life, transportation, economics, etc.

Valu e

Implement

CPU studio 02 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi

as

Scenario 1 Scenario 2

Secur it

y

Green Ar e

ABCDE F G

Map agent profiles Population projection Map the amenities Map patterns

Create a framework

Consider the results • What do we value?

• Who benefits?

• What is the best way forward?

• Who needs all this?

• Etc.

Choose most preffered option between scenario 1, scenario 2, scenario 3 or scenario 4

ABCDE F G

//68

Hulme Scenario Planning Defining characteristics of potential future neighbourhood development Physi c

n

Segre gat io

no

in

emographics fD

ianised St r e ets

Comm u n ity

rom 1980

r rs fo

tr des Pe

to ac

f ene Sc

L

ife

Defensible Space

Social Cohesion

The Lively Street

Unwelcome Intruders

Characteristics • Exuberant diversity • Open frontage of buildings • Traffic-free streets • Residents are invited to meet

Characteristics • Anti-social behaviour • Territory protection • Inactive frontage • Damage by deliberate vandalism

Image of the neighbourhood • Only certain demographics live there • The physical factors are ruined • Security levels of the area are low

Image of the neighbourhood • Variety of demographics live in the area • The physical factors serve as anchor points • Active community life is created

Image of the neighbourhood • Variety of demographics live in the area • Walking distances are reduced • Sites for corner shops are increased

Image of the neighbourhood • Population in the area is segregated • The street is used as an invisible border • Security levels of the area are low

Scenario 4

Characteristics • Social behaviour • No litter outside bins • Facades are welcoming • Residents are invited to meet

Scenario 3

Characteristics • Anti-social behaviour • Dropping litter • Spraying graffiti • Damage by deliberate vandalism

Scenario 2

Scenario 1

Increa se

al F

ABCDE F G

iti o

CPU studio 02 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi

Repe t

ABCDE F G

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Scenario 1: The Defensible Space Subdivision of groups in social structures

If design does not focus on social environment of the neighbourhood and residentsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; needs are not considered when a deprived area is under new development - anti-social behaviour could manifest. If public spaces are empty and desolate - without trees, benches or they are not maintained regularly it could lead ruined physical factors and decreased security level

Wha

Non-safety area, unrealised potential of public spaces, increased police activity, decreased human activity

t is

it ?

o is it f o r ?

Wh

ere

i s it ?

CPU studio 02 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi

Wh Around the whole neighbourhood area

ABCDE F G

Demographics that live do not interact around public spaces and feel unsafe about the condition of the area

Demographics

Cars priority and anti-social behaviour

Landscaping

Why i

mp i t i s

o

n rta

t?

If studies on demographics are not analysed, it could lead to social segregation and non-desirable area

ABCDE F G

//70

Scenario 2: Social Cohesion Increased life between buildings

Designed social environment of through re-appropriation courtyards which aim to be public oriented and shared between different types of demographics. Activity is promoted as an attraction to gather people together to the focal point of public spaces

Wha

Open public spaces with desirable conditions for necessary outdoor and social activities

t is

it ?

o is it f o r ?

Wh

ere

i s it ?

CPU studio 02 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi

Wh In an appropriate proximity of oneâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s home, empty plots or transitional spaces

ABCDE F G

All different demographics of people who are living in the area

Green landscaping

Outdoor furniture

Demographics

Why i

mp i t i s

o

n rta

t?

To connect people, to promote types of activities and increase satisfaction with the area

ABCDE F G

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Scenario 3: The Lively Street Physical factors for an integrated community life

Designed social environment of surroundings in the neighbourhood that aims to increase the number of stops in front stores which directly promotes realationship between the demographics of people who live in the neighbourhood

Wha

Pedestrianised street with active frontages of buildings to increase wellbeing and street activities

t is

it ?

o is it f o r ?

Wh

ere

i s it ?

CPU studio 02 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi

Wh Secondary roads, connections between different areas of interest

ABCDE F G

All demographics of people who are living in the area and small business owners

Green landscaping

Outdoor furniture

Demographics

Why i

mp i t i s

o

n rta

t?

To increase small businesses and local economy circulation, to maximise pedestrian traffic

ABCDE F G

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Scenario 4: Unwelcome Intruders The streets that disappeared

Predicted increase in population allows for distribution of people living in Hulme. Freedom of movement is lost and people are encoured to stay within their own areas or not interact on the street. Internal and external connection corridors between the city for student and city for Mancunians are unwelcoming for new residents

Wha

Division of social structures, no desirable conditions for interaction, car prioritised public spaces

t is

it ?

o is it f o r ?

Wh

ere

i s it ?

CPU studio 02 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi

Wh At the end of university developments and beginning of residential areas

ABCDE F G

Demographics that live separately and do not interact around public spaces

Demographics

Cars priority and anti-social behaviour

Why i

mp i t i s

o

n rta

t?

If studies on demographics are not analysed, it could lead to social segregation and non-desirable area

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What is next?

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Framework - What Will be the Next Step?

Past, current, future project summary

Performance evaluation

STUDIO 2

Data collection

Data Analysis

Participatory Design

Observational analysis

STUDIO 3

Generative design

Digitalisation and testing

Agent profiles

Optimisation

Iteration analysis

STUDIO 2

Survey

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Methodology and design process

Algorithms

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STUDIO 1

Scenarios options

STUDIO 3

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Bibliography Where did it all come from

James, Paul; Holden, Meg; Lewin, Mary; Neilson, Lyndsay; Oakley, Christine; Truter, Art; Wilmoth, David (2013). "Managing Metropolises by Negotiating Mega-Urban Growth". In Harald Mieg and Klaus Töpfer (ed.). Institutional and Social Innovation for Sustainable Urban Yue, Ricci, et al. “The Human Dimension of Visibility Degradation in a Compact City.” Natural Hazards, vol. 82, no. 3, July 2016 Haaland, Christine, and Cecil Konijnendijk van den Bosch. “Challenges and Strategies for Urban Green-Space Planning in Cities Undergoing Densification: A Review.” Urban Forestry & Urban Greening vol. 14, no. 4, 2015

Wolsink, Maarten. “Environmental Education Excursions and Proximity to Urban Green Space – Densification in a ‘Compact City.’” Environmental Education Research, vol. 22, no. 7, Oct. 2016 Jenks, M., Burton, E. and Williams, K. (Editors), 1996, The Compact City: A Sustainable Urban Form?

Eiu.com. (2020). The Worldwide Cost of Living Survey. [online] McKinsey (2018). Thriving amid turbulence: Imagining the cities of the future. [online]

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Dempsey, Nicola (2010) Revisiting the Compact City? Built Environment 36

McKinsey (2017). Future of Cities | McKinsey & Company. [online] Institution, G. (2019). How to Put Participatory Urban Planning into Practice? Our mission today. [online]

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APPENDIX

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