ABCDE CPU studio 03 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
Made in Hulme Proposal of a design system for creating a liveable urban space Aaron Underhill Raya Pavlova Shambhavi Joshi
ABCDE
//1
Introduction Having previously explored how rapid urbanisation and densification affects cities, it was concluded that the approach to address this would be in the form of an urban system which addresses said issues, in order to minimise the negative effects and create more sustainable and liveable cities. The primary focus is walkability that promotes a healthy urban environment. The strategy is compactness of cities which identifies inhabitants’ home proximity to amenities including green spaces. Walkability is measured against two parameters of locations of amenities and green spaces in order to achieve a self-sufficient design.
ABCDE
The exploration of generative design theories and urban strategies have provided an interpretation of the generic design parameters essential for a liveable urban neighbourhood. As a context specific approach, the use of participatory urbanism assists in gathering data to determine a number of parameters is used to drive a generative design model capable of producing a wide variety of iterations which can be measured against the aims of the designer and participants. This results in an optimised design which meets the criteria in question which can be taken forward.
CPU studio 03 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
This model is further enhanced through the exploration of urban design strategies including street network generation and parcel subdivision as well as acknowledging design considerations such as the distribution of building typologies and the need for adequate green open spaces and amenities within an urban landscape. The conclusion of this project is a redefined neighbourhood created by a system tested in the context of Hulme, Manchester, where 90 residents (1.25%) within the area, were successfully surveyed. This system has conveyed the percentage of walkability achieved and a densified urban region whilst providing the required area per person of green space and amenities. Adapted to a rising population, it also addresses The UN’s Sustainability goals 9 and 11.
ABCDE
//2
Atelier Approach An Overview of learnings from Studio 2, carrying forward the design drivers to Studio 3 and listing the parameters of design
Studio 2: DESIGN OF AN URBAN NEIGHBOURHOOD
Data collection
Data Analysis
• • • • •
Walkability Desification Diversification Participatory Urbanism Inferences from surveys
• • • • •
Street networks Urban grid patterns Layouts and sizes of green spaces Building typologies Area of Amenities
METHODOLOGY
Generative Design
Studio 3 parameters
ABCDE
Combined Design Drivers: • Sustainable Development Goals • Promoting Walkability • Access to amenities • Design system
Optimisation CPU studio 03 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
Studio 2: Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova , Shambhavi Joshi
Digitalisation and Testing
• Walkable neighbourhood prioritizing pedestrians • Equal access to Green Spaces • All age groups friendly amenity areas • Active frontage • Lively streets
ABCDE
//3
Contents Page
A. Designing an Urban System.................06 B. Applying the Design System on a Local Level.................31 ABCDE
C. Evaluation Process.................55 D. Project Deliverables.................83
CPU studio 03 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
E. Reference.................90
ABCDE
//4
Thesis Statement High congestion, the distance of location and lack of amenities, along with a neglect for pedestrian priority, have all resulted in the degradation of the neighbourhood.
ABCDE
However, this can be remedied through the approach of creating a walkable diverse and pedestrian orientated urban landscape. This can allow citizens take the initiative of living a sustainable lifestyle through a compact neighbourhood which promotes 6 key principles: An increase in local autonomy, connectivity, proximity, diversity, participation, and adaptability.
CPU studio 03 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
As a result, this design thesis aims to recreate an area of Hulme, Manchester, as a self sufficient and sustainable neighbourhood which promotes walkability. This requires a firm understanding of the demands and needs of demographics within the area. This will be achieved through the approach of participatory design, where the involvement of citizens is embodied to realise the future scope of development within Hulme.
ABCDE
//5
CPU studio 03 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
ABCDE
A Designing an Urban System
• Problem identification • Design a unique system to solve urban problem independent of context • Apply a context dependent system ABCDE
//6
Work Flow Overview Method of work
Urb an
u di o
ABCDE
Choice 2
Choice 3
Outcome
CPU studio 03 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
Choice 3
Choice 2
Designer 2
Choice 1
Designer 3
Choice 1
* Case study dependent
Survey
Choice 3
Data
Designer 1 Choice 2
3D model
Goals
Choice 1
Research
Finalise Option 3
4 051 Iterations
Option 2
Ballot
Elimination
Evaluation
Team
Option 1
System
St
Arr a y s
90 Participants
Chapter A
Chapter B
Chapter C
Chapter D
ABCDE
//7
What are we proposing? A complex urban system Why are we proposing a complex urban system? To increase the liveability of more cities/ towns and diminish the urban densification of most populated cities
ABCDE
How are we designing a complex urban system? 1) We identify the primary problem - densification, diversification and compactness of cities 2) We identify the secondary problem - citizen participation in urban planning and design 3) We measure walkability against requirements for green space and amenity distribution, and size per person 4) We involve the public to identify aims 5) We identify limitations, objectives and approach on a local level 6) We test the system on a local level 7) We introduce the most optimum design for an urban design project as a summary of data collection, computational optimisation, design decision making and participatory feedback
CPU studio 03 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
What is the focus of designing a complex urban system? Walkability and providing access to green spaces and amenities Why is walkability the focus of designing a complex urban system? 1) It is a constraint any neighbourhood is dealing with is how far a person is willing to go before using a vehicle and identifies allocation of resources within a walking distance 2) It is as a measure to increase the liveability and quality of life of the neighbourhood, as well as human mental and physical well-being 3) It is a measure for residential, commercial and green area distribution within a neighbourhood
ABCDE
//8
ABCDE CPU studio 03 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
View of Park as a space for interaction, socialisation and a meting point for all age groups
ABCDE
//9
Primary Problem Identification Using compactness strategy in evaluating the liveable design of a neighbourhood
Xm2 of land per person
Pedestrians
30 min
5 min
15 min
Park 10 min
Public Transport
Shop
Taxi/ Transport
2 min
Ownership of Cars
Post-office 8 min
Density
Proximity and Self-sufficiency
Urban density refers to the number of people living in m2 of land. In the case of compact cities, it refers to keeping residents close to community amenities. The buildings are low to compliment the human scale, give access to green spaces and encourage views.
When a person has access to everything they need in the community they live in ranging from stores to banks, then the city is self-sustaining. Ideally, the amenities in a compact city are located within a walking distance from where people live.
Flowerbeds
Cyclists
Pedestrians’ Priority The objective of a compact city is to design a walkable community which means that it supports and encourages pedestrian traffic. The flow of pedestrian traffic focuses on increasing the total area of sidewalks, green spaces, etc.
Trees Parks
ABCDE
School
Bank
CPU studio 03 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
Work
Green Space Flowerbeds, trees, parks, etc areas are the elements of a city that define green spaces. These are the areas that create the landscape of the community and do not only enhance the aesthetics of it but also help fighting CO2 emissions.
ABCDE
//10
Secondary Problem Identification Master planning approach to fill the gap in urban design
Local
Presentation to partners, developers or public
tem sys
Propose
esi
gn
Planning the project and estimating the impact, cost, etc.
Implement the ideas of the public
ABCDE
ho wit
gap the fill
: To nity rtu Opp o
ch
h
Passive Design Participation through 3D space exploration
roa
Consult
app
oac
ppr
na
Inform the public
Consult Information, announcements, public hearings
-up
dow
Listen Gathering of demands and existing patterns
tom
Collecting ideas and information of successful projects
Bot
Top
ur d
Facilitate
Involve Active Design Participation through workshops, digital design tools
CPU studio 03 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
Central
Government Decide
Public/ Citizens Collaborate • Interviews • Questionnaires • Collaborative mapping
Action: To create a system for livable cities using bottom-up approach
ABCDE
//11
Input and Output Parameters For an urban design system that can be applied everywhere
Urban grid layouts
Problem Identification
Population density, etc
Research Framework System
Generic Design Parameters Design Process
Amenities
Urban Design Theories
Design Development
Urban Masterplan
ABCDE
Green Space
Optimisation and Evaluation
CPU studio 03 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
Promoting walkability to achieve a liveable neighbourhood by providing access of open green spaces and amenities within walking distance
Data Site Parameters
Context
Boundary
Participatory Urbanism
Survey
ABCDE
//12
1. Introduction to the reasoning for creating an urban system related to walkability ABCDE
2. Explain green space and
CPU studio 03 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
amenity parameters used against walkability
3. Showcase importance of
walkability through densification, diversification and urban grids
ABCDE
//13
Attractors and Detractors Parameters for a desirable neighbourhood and their effects
+
+
+
+
+ +
+
-
-
+
+
-
-
+
+
The more green space, the more outdoor activities The more cycling lanes, the more healthy population
CPU studio 03 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
+
The Less The more large roads, the more vehicles
ABCDE
+
The Less
+ + +
Large roads The more large roads, the less pedestrians
Green space The more green space, the less wasted space
Cycling lanes The more cycling lanes, the less parking
-
The less large roads, the less vehicles
The less green space, the less outdoor activities
The less cycling lanes, the less healthy population
ABCDE
//14
Neighbourhood Design Elements Outlining suggested elements and variables Community Space Options Economic
Ame
n
e
Public
nc
Des
Walkable
s Prefere
ign
itie
Conside r
ons a ti
Large multi-family Low-rise: between 1 and 5 floors, 50-400 dwellings Mid-rise: between 5 and 9 floors, 30-110 dwellings High-rise: more than 9 floors, more than 100 dwellings
CPU studio 03 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
s s es s m
A ite
Small multi-family Detached Semi-detached Terraced house
Proje c
ssumptio
S
Transport Infrastructure Options
-
tA
t en
Office and Retail Low-rise: less than 7 floors Mid-rise: between 7 and 25 floors High-rise: more than 25 floors Skyscrapers: more than 40 floors
+
ns
Si
Commercial
Residential
les
Neighbourhood
n Variab
Traditional
ABCDE
D ig es
Transform e t
on a ti
Building Typology Options
ABCDE
//15
Designing Walkability Features Conceptual framework
• Sidewalk width • Traffic volumes • Building height • Number of people • Street width • Vegetation
• Enclosure • Transparency • Complexity • Linkage • Human scale • Coherence
• Sense of safety • Sense of comfort • Sense of belonging • Level of interest • Level of engagement • Level of interest
Physical Features
Urban Design Qualities
Individual Reactions
ABCDE
More Subjective
CPU studio 03 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
More Objective
Overall walkability
Walking behaviour
ABCDE
//16
1. Introduce the reason
to create an urban system related to walkability
CPU studio 03 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
ABCDE
2. Explain green space and amenity parameters used for walkability 3. Showcase importance of
walkability through densification, diversification and urban grids
ABCDE
//17
Walkable Distance from Home to Amenities Distance proximity of amenities
ABCDE
Walking
CPU studio 03 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
Cycling Using tram/ train
Using bus
Mapping the number, distance, mode of commute and number of people using a certain amenity and understanding the different scales of amenities required at various levels of urban planning
ABCDE
//18
Walkability Against Amenities Characteristics
Health
Commercial
Religion
Category
se fu eo
er v
Hyperblock level
Primary school
Hyperblock level
Secondary school
Hyperblock level
University
City level
Library
Neighbourhood level
Community centre
Neighbourhood level
Co-working centre
Neighbourhood level Hyperblock level
Sport centre
Neighbourhood level Hyperblock level
Sport field
Neighbourhood level Hyperblock level
Playground
Neighbourhood level
Health centre
Neighbourhood level
Grocery shop
Neighbourhood level
Restaurant
Neighbourhood level
Cafe
Neighbourhood level
Worship place
Neighbourhood level
Planning aspects
Age group
Access
COVID-19
ABCDE
Ch an g
es lin On
Pr iva te
lic
65 Pu b
e: >
Ag
565 e: 3
Ag
Ag
e: 1
-1 5 e: 3 Ag
-3 e: 0
535
n io Ag
Di
st
rib
ut
io ut rib st
Di
st
Nursery school
CPU studio 03 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
Sport
an ce
n Social
Di
ea Ar Educative
ice
Defining amenities and their characteristics
Level
Importance of settings when planning a neighbourhood Design and space considerations The most important aspects of planning the urban plot are size of amenities or as defined as are is calculated in m2 and distance that is showcased in metres distance. Distribution varies in terms of scale and number of amenities of such kind. Age group corresponds to user groups of amenities. The concept of online services is and change of use are taken into consideration after the COVID-19 pandemic.
ABCDE
//19
Walkability Against Open Green Space Studying cities around the world and their open green space per capita in m2
30
1 PERSON
28.3
9 m2
minimum
23.1 20 14.0
x
5.6
4.4
Mumbai, India
6.5
Barcelona, Spain
9m2 3.5
ABCDE CPU studio 03 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
Tokyo, Japan
Moscow, Russia
World Health Organisation Standards
Paris, France
Toronto, Canada
Madrid, Spain
Area in m2
New York, USA
0 Rotterdam, Holland
per person
11.5
10
City, Country
x
12.6
Setting the minimum open green space area Required open green space per person “To measure dynamic characteristics of public spaces, one of the most frequently used indicators is the area of public spaces per person; “9 sqm per person” has been quoted as a universal standard...Another way to look at the availability is the share of public spaces out of built-up areas. Inclusiveness is often measured by the percentage of population living within walkable distance (e.g. 400m) to public spaces.” World Bank Group
ABCDE
//20
1. Introduce the reason
to create an urban system related to walkability
2. Explain green space
ABCDE
and amenity parameters used against walkability
CPU studio 03 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
3. Showcase importance of walkability through densification, diversification and urban grids
ABCDE
//21
Population Density per km2 Studying cities their and country perspectives around the world
x
Russia 4 per km
37 742 154
Canada x x
509 per km2 17 134 872
36 per km2
Holland x
x x
123 per km
65 273 511
Japan
France
x
India x
Spain
x
x
450 per km2
126 476 461
1 380 004 385
93 per km2 46 754 778
Most Dense Country
Density Per City
x
348 per km2
ABCDE
331 002 651
USA
2
Least Dense Country
City
Mumbai
Paris
Barcelona
New York
Moscow
Tokyo
Madrid
Toronto
Rotterdam
Density/ km2
21 000/ km2
20 000/ km2
16 000/ km2
10 715/ km2
8 537/ km2
6 158/ km2
5 300/ km2
4 334/ km2
3 087/ km2
Population
20 411 274
2 148 000
5 585 556
8 175 133
12 537 954
37 393 129
3 300 000
6 196 731
644 618
Most Dense City
CPU studio 03 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
x
x
145 934 462
2
x
x
x
9 per km2
Least Dense City
ABCDE
//22
Densification and Diversification Creating a diverse infrastructure for an increasing population
Site boundary
Low rise
Densification
Street grid network
Diversification
ABCDE
Green areas
Densification
CPU studio 03 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
Mid rise
Pedestrianised
Diversification Typologies mix
High rise
Urban strategies By adopting both densification and diversification as theoretical approaches within the design process, this results in the outcome of an urban landscape which can adapt to the needs to their citizens.
ABCDE
//23
Grid-network and Block Variations Learning from the Great American City grid street and basic building typologies
Utah block
Georgia block
Benefits • Short path, increased walkability • Length and width of each block influences building design and context • Facilitates wayfinding and directness of route desired Urban block distribution
Potential
Mid-rise type
High-rise type
New York block
ABCDE
Portland block
Low-rise type
“...frequent streets and short blocks are valuable because of the fabric of intricate cross-use that they permit among the users of a city neighbourhood.” Jane Jacobs, The Death and Life of Great American Cities
CPU studio 03 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
Block typology Generic shape
American typical block by state
Great American city grid street
Short block = short walk
Rationalising the urban grid Previous studies using axial maps and topological distances (Hillier et al, 1993) have shown that movement flows throughout the city are strongly affected by the urban grid, which naturally creates a system in which journeys tend to pass through the most accessible locations. In such studies, the shortest path between two locations is interpreted as the least number of “changes of direction” between them.
ABCDE
//24
Grid-network Measures of Connectivity
Low-rise type
Mid-rise type
Block size
400m reach network distance mapped across different block sizes
High-rise type
Low-rise type
Large block
Block type
Small block
High-rise type
Mid-rise type Block type
x = 200m
x = 100m y = 100m
y = 200m Mixed use
Block size
Block size
Block size 100 to 225 metres
Diverse Typology
Reach Distance
Diverse Typology
Reach Distance
Diverse Typology
ABCDE
+
CPU studio 03 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
m
0
0
m
m 0
40
40
Street width 50 metres
40
-
+
+
+
-
Reach Distance
Reach Distance
Street width 25 to 50 metres
m
Reach Distance
0
m
m
-
40
0
0
40
40
-
Street width 50 metres
Determining an effective urban pedestrian network An effective urban pedestrian network is often identified by block length of about 60-90 metres and a maximum of about 100 metres. This is linked to the fact that the average walking distance is generally assumed to be around 400–500m gives us the measures to experiment with a reach distance. However, the walking distance for children, disabled and the elderly is shorter (Gehl 1987). According to Gruen (1965), it ranges from 200m (2 min) to 1,500 m (20 min) depending on the quality of the environment.
ABCDE
//25
Neighbourhood Urban Strategy Street network generation and parcel subdivision to create diversity x x Population per m2
Area of interest
ABCDE
Urban plot
CPU studio 03 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
x y Plot size
Access points
Node points
Plot formation
Parameters based upon data
Access points identified
Nodes within a boundary
Urban Plot Formation
By using the data collated from the survey participants, a criteria based upon their requirements can be created. Urban plot sizes can be determined by the area of activity, and a population size which would utilise the area. This can be calculated through the formula below.
Once the site boundary is defined, the site context is explored in regards to circulation routes of the existing street network and areas which may intersect.
The location of amenities are placed in accordance with the data collated to create agent profiles. A street network can then be established by using the Shortest path tool, providing the ability to iterate and optimise different street networks which can then be scored based on the distance between nodes and how each agent profiles’ preferences are affected by each iteration.
Street network has enhanced the formation of urban plots. The resulting spaces from these networks can be utilised according to the placement/ distribution of amenities. Once parameters are set and nodes assigned to each plot, the urban landscape follows. Massing of the resulting building typologies can be defined through the urban plot size and maximum space allocated; the Z axis can be utilised for excess area requirements for each node.
Area of interestâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s m2 per person (Y m2) x Population size (X per X m2) = Urban plot size (U m2) < Maximum space allocated
ABCDE
//26
Deriving the Green Park Shape Defining shape and size of green spaces
PL AG AC OR E/ A T PU HE BL O IC PE SP N AC E
• Ecological benefit • Positive psychological impact • Visual landscape value • Improved air quality • Well-being of community • Well-being of individual Social cohesion and local identity on site in a regular shape
x = 12-24m Alexander “maximum” urban square
Lynch “ideal” urban square y = 12-24m
CPU studio 03 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
• Intersection • Gatherings • Sport activities • Commercial activities • Waiting points for traffic • Usually square form
ABCDE
Park
Square
Physical role
Green
R S FO FIT EA NE AR BE N L EE ICA GR LOG O EC
Public
Preferred urban gird
Ecological role
x = 22m y = 22m
Gehl “optimum” urban square
x = 30-35m
y = 30-35m
The need for open spaces In line with the urban landscape, the shape of green spaces would follow the urban grid to further the narrative of achieving the proximity goals of the required building typologies.
ABCDE
//27
Massing Strategy Identiying the rules for controlling the massing
(w)
(h)
ABCDE
(h)
(w) (x)
(x)
Input:
height of building (h) width of building (w)
Rule:
the higher the building (h) / the wider the building (w), the wider the distance between buildings (x)
Output:
10 storey (h) = 20 m (x) 25 storey (h) = 28 m (x) 36 storey (h) = 35 m (x)
Input:
height of building (h) width of pedestrian area (w) width of road for cars (x)
Rule:
the higher the building (h), the wider the pedestrian area (w), the narrower the road for cars (x)
Output:
The additional height of buildings leads to increased pedestrian area, denser buildings and less cars
Input:
Correlation of an average walking travel time between a dwelling, office unit, amenities, etc
Rule:
Every dwelling in the neighbourhood should be well-served within maximum 2 minute walking distance
Output:
Resultant is the distance from a residential block to amenity based on population needs
Privacy and density
Active pedestrian streets
Average walking distance
Consideration One Controlling the street width
Consideration Two Controlling the street to pavement ratio
Consideration Three Controlling walkability distance
ABCDE
CPU studio 03 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
(w)
//28
Design Considerations Identiying the rules for controlling the massing
Residential block (w)
Office block
Mixed use block
)l(
(h)
University block
(a)
Development densities within the perimeter of the block
Rule:
The development densities shall remain with a use as identified by the studies on population needs
Output:
Maximised perimeter and the block permeability measured by sidewalk spaces
Plot ratio defined by grid-network, site outlines and walkability strategies
Rule:
Each plot should have _% of building typology and _% of green area site coverage
Output:
Building area (h/w/l) Building offset green area (a) Green parks (b)
Input:
Defined local urban grid to be reflecting road and pedestrian network, and entry points
Rule:
Keep size of plots up-to 200m on the 4 sides, increase walkability and visibility
Output:
Increased walkability, visibility and security reclaimed for the use of pedestrians, decreased traffic flow
Grain city
Plot density and green space
Breathing streets
Consideration Four Controlling typologies
Consideration Five Controlling building offsets
Consideration Six Controlling pedestrian walkways
ABCDE
CPU studio 03 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
Input:
Input:
ABCDE
(b)
//29
Unified Approach A summary of the methodology in a non-site specific context
Amenities
Buildings
A more in depth study of city layouts and decide upon a layout approach Existing urban layout examined - street hierarchy
Understand the amenity needs based on demographics and participatory data Set location of amenities based on same principle
Building typologies of amenities and how their elements can be applied to massing - materials, orientation, access
Parcel subdivision
Massing
Urban landscape
Rules parameters of parcel subdivision based on population size and people per square metre Define s street hierarchy - primary, secondary roads
Create a massing strategy and height strategy defined by the previous set of parameters and the preferences of interviewees
Finalised cohesive design to wrap up all considerations taken into account when making decisions for the planning of the neighbourhood
ABCDE
CPU studio 03 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
ABCDE
Site
//30
â&#x20AC;¢ Local level context CPU studio 03 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
Applying the Design System
ABCDE //31
ABCDE
Work Flow Overview Method of work
Urb an
u di o
ABCDE
Choice 2
Choice 3
Outcome
CPU studio 03 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
Choice 3
Choice 2
Designer 2
Choice 1
Designer 3
Choice 1
* Case study dependent
Survey
Choice 3
Data
Designer 1 Choice 2
3D model
Goals
Choice 1
Research
Finalise Option 3
4 051 Iterations
Option 2
Ballot
Elimination
Evaluation
Team
Option 1
System
St
Arr a y s
90 Participants
Chapter A
Chapter B
Chapter C
Chapter D
ABCDE
//32
Site Measurements Introducing extents of the site and its dimensions
80.5 m
36.5 m
0m
.8 25
45
m
m
.90
532
328 m
.2
68
ABCDE
m
m
5m
99
232.2
m .7
CPU studio 03 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
80.9
98.65 m
165.3 80.2
m
m
56.1
m 5 7.4
m
6
Perimeter: 2215.25 m Area: approx. 251,925 m2 Total population: ~7500 Avg. Density: 0.046 people/ m2
.80
217
m
Retaining the primary streets so as to retain the existing transport network in place and also establishing a reference base for new street generation Retaining the existing Trinity school
ABCDE
//33
Shared Goals
Objective: Plan a walkable and design a resilient neighbourhood
Population: Allow for an increase in population from 8,000 to over 12,000 in 10 years
Approach: Conduct a survey for participatory urban design and analyse the needs of the population
Approach: Improve mobility to public spaces - green parks and commercial uses - amenities
Green space: Distribution of green space in relation to density satisfaction of size and improved access
Action: Use collected data from conducted survey to meet project goalâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s objective
Action: Use green parks and amenity distribution as a main driver for creating a walkable urban form to meet design goals
Aim: Achieve a minimum of 9m2 per person of green space throughout the neighbourhood
Social Goals
Local Goals
Design Goals
CPU studio 03 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
Objective: Introduce a bottom up approach in (re-)designing neighbourhoods
ABCDE
Applying strategic thinking on a local level
Made in Hulme
ABCDE
//34
Input and Output Parameters For an urban design system that can be applied to a local level
Urban grid layouts
Problem Identification
Population density, etc
Research Framework System
Generic Design Parameters Design Process Urban Design Theories
Amenities
Amenity Space requirements
Urban Masterplan
Data
Population growth Green Space requirements
Design Development
ABCDE
Green Space
Optimisation and Evaluation
CPU studio 03 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
Promoting walkability to achieve a liveable neighbourhood by providing access of open green spaces and amenities within walking distance
Hulme
Site Parameters
Context
Boundary
Participatory Urbanism
Survey
ABCDE
//35
Population Growth in Manchester Living in urban areas as an opportunity for diversification of the dense city
Manchester urban region
542 960
598 960
Current population
Future population
Densification By 2034
In 2020
Increase By 2050
2.1 People per household
ABCDE
74m2
Diverse population
Diverse housing
CPU studio 03 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
Diversification
New household space
Diverse economy
Dwelling Size Increase by 2050 Housing cooperation projections Since the overall population of the United Kingdom increases and it is projected to be 66.8 million by 2050, housing will also go under transformation. Expectation of the new dwelling living space will give this project parameters to work on for the future design.
ABCDE
//36
Green Areas Open Space Demands Applying WHO guidelines per person to a local scale
1 PERSON
Distance from one’s home: 400m
Population size: 8000
№ of households: 4000
Green space designation guidelines: 9m2 x 4000 x 2.05
Total requirement for public open space: 73 800m2
ABCDE
Size of local parks and open spaces: 2 hectares = 20 000m2
Ward: Hulme
Average household: 2.05
CPU studio 03 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
Green space per person: 9m2
9 m2
Local Parks and Open Spaces Definition Providing for court games, children’s play, sitting out areas and nature conversation areas.
ABCDE
//37
Amenities Area on a Local Level Distribution and Capacity
Primary/Secondary Schools, Universities
9 m2
Public Squares, Activity spaces
2 m2
Community Centre
9 m2
Green spaces, Public parks
0.42 m2
Retail
1.4 m2
Medical facilities
1.4 m2
Cafe
Number of amenities Types of amenities
ABCDE
2 m2
5 m2
251 925 m2 Total site area
Grocery/ Convenience Stores
Study spaces Library, Co-working space
1.4 m2
Pubs, Clubs
1.4 m2
Restaurants, Eateries, Takeaways
1.5 m2
Multi-faith Prayer space
1.5 m2
Sports Centre
8.83 m2
Workplace
CPU studio 03 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
0.92 m2
2.32 m2 Average amenities space per person Total area : Total population = Amenities per person
Neighbourhood level planning of amenities distribution Types of amenities and their provision Provision of different types of amenities in the neighbourhood is based on the general area requirements per person per amenity. The total area of amenities per person is calculated based on the total site area coverage divided by the population projection.
ABCDE
//38
Metrics to work with
CPU studio 03 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
ABCDE
Distribution and Capacity
View of open amphitheatre space
ABCDE
//39
Inclusion of Participatory Feedback Incorporating Hulme residents feedback in the design
Working Professional (without family)
o rt any group
Working professional
Retired
• Public squares • Green parks • Commercial centre • Healthcare • Transport facilities
15-20
Student
Sup
Student
p or
t in
dividual g r
Retired
Student
• Schools, university, etc • Religious spaces • Playgrounds • Workplaces
ps ou Business owner
Mark
roups User groups Various linkages and interaction points of user groups
15-20
5-10 min
Working Professional (with family)
action betwe ter
Working professional
Student
5-10
2-5 min
in
g en
Unemployed
10-15
10-20 min
5-10 min
• Cafes and restaurants • Community centre • Common workplaces • Public squares • Entertainment
5-10
5-10 min
Amenity options Where user group needs are taken into account
ABCDE
p
Unemployed
10-15
2-5 min
Interviewees groups
Housing preference
Amenity preference
Hulme population needs and preferences
Population’ Needs Analysis Having organised the participants’ preferences and requirements into subgroups, this information can be used to identify the needs of individuals and shared amenities which can then be incorporated into the design development of the master plan.
ABCDE
//40
CPU studio 03 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
Sup
Small Business Owner with family
Detailed Amenity Requirements of Survey Participants Amenities required by various types of agents based on participatory survey
Working Professional (individual/ without family)
Working Professional (with family)
Small Business Owner with family
Retired
Currently Unemployed
ABCDE
CPU studio 03 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
ABCDE
Student
//41
Participants Amenity Preference Mapping group of agents to understand amenity placement
Grocery/ Convenience Stores
1 AGENT x
preference preference preference
Primary/Secondary Schools, Universities Public Squares, Activity spaces Community Centre Green spaces, Public parks Retail, Workplaces Medical facilities
ABCDE
Cafes, common workspaces Study spaces, Libraries Pubs, Clubs
CPU studio 03 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
Restaurants, Eateries, Takeaways
Amenity preference
Student
Working professional *without a family
Working professional
Retired
*with a family
Small business owner
Agent 18
Agent 17
Agent 16
Agent 15
Agent 14
Agent 13
Agent 12
Agent 11
Agent 10
Agent 9
Agent 8
Agent 7
Agent 6
Agent 5
Agent 4
Agent 3
Agent 2
Agent 1
Multi-faith Prayer space
Unemployed
*with a family
Amenity Placement Strategy With a strong concentration of amenities outside the site boundary, feedback from survey participants showed their preferences for amenities within the proposed urban landscape. This information will be used to further develop the required number of amenities based upon demand.
ABCDE
//42
Participants Housing Preference Mapping group of agents to understand potential building typologies
Mixed Use (Commercial+Residential) Residential Block, Low Rise Apartment Block University Accommodation, High Rise Apartment Block Individual House, Terraced House
Working professional *without a family
Working professional
Retired
*with a family
Small business owner
Agent 18
Agent 17
Agent 16
Agent 15
Agent 14
Agent 13
Agent 12
Agent 11
Agent 10
Agent 9
Agent 8
Agent 7
Agent 6
Agent 5
Agent 4
Agent 3 Student
CPU studio 03 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
Housing preference
Agent 2
Agent 1
ABCDE
Row Houses, Semi-detached Houses
Unemployed
*with a family
Housing Typology Strategy Further feedback regarding housing preferences conveys each participant groupâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s requirements for housing. This will be utilised within the design process when creating housing typologies and the volume of each typology required according to demand.
ABCDE
//43
Amenities Spatial Calculations
1.1 m2
250 m2
7-10 m2
8-10
1:1000
Repair stores
1.4 m2
450 m2
75-90 m2
3-4
1:2000
Grocery/ Convenience Stores
1.4 m2
850 m2
75-90 m2
5-6
1:1500
Cafes, common workspaces
1.4 m2
1500 m2
250 m2
2-3
1:3500
Restaurants, Eateries, Takeaways
1.4 m2
1500 m2
250 m2
2-3
1:3500
Medical facilities
1.49 m2
300 m2
40-50 m2
3-4
1:2000
Multi-faith Prayer space
1.57 m2
5400 m2
2000 m2
02
1:3500
Primary/Secondary Schools, Universities
4.7 m2
11 750 m2
3500 m2
2-3
1:2500
Public Squares, Activity spaces
5.1 m2
2500 m2
2500 m2
01
1:5000
Green spaces, Public parks
9.0 m2
2500 m2
100 m2
3-4
1:3500
Space per person (m2)
Total space requirement (m2)
Min. plot area (m2)
No. of amenities
Ratio
Infrastructure category
CPU studio 03 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
Bus stops
ABCDE
Identifying the optimum space requirements for amenities
Defining plot sizes With amenities requirements identified, spatial attributes can then be defined from the population size and site boundary area. Minimum and maximum plot areas for each infrastructure category can be used as parameters for the design optimisation process.
ABCDE
//44
Input and Output Parameters For an urban design system that can be applied with the help of participants
Urban grid layouts
Problem Identification
Population density, etc
Research Framework System
Generic Design Parameters Design Process Urban Design Theories
Amenities
Amenity Space requirements
Urban Masterplan
Data
Population growth Green Space requirements
Design Development
ABCDE
Green Space
Optimisation and Evaluation
CPU studio 03 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
Promoting walkability to achieve a liveable neighbourhood by providing access of open green spaces and amenities within walking distance
Hulme
Site Parameters
Context
Boundary
Participatory Urbanism Survey
Site Demographics
Site specific demands
User Groups 90 participants
ABCDE
//45
Site Specific Methodology Breakdown Working towards one goal - walkability
S
S
S
S
7 tep
5 tep
3 tep
1 tep
Decide on amenities
Decide on building typologies
Generate possibilities
To analyse the existing context of the neigbourhood and its issues based on street patterns, transport network, infrastructure , and user perspectives
To apply already identified opportunities for what people value or need from the conducted interview and to can provide a design to meet their needs
Research, analyse, test and decide on building typologies while taking into account preferences of interview participants
Run a model based on all previous steps in order to make an informed decision for which pattern fit the characteristics a walkable neighbourhood
Clean existing site
Create short walk study
Optimal vision of site
Clean an existing site and prepare a basis to start a test based on improving site conditions while focusing on main goal - walkability
Research on walkable city patterns in order to test a short walk from a household to an amenity that will increase walkability aspect of the project
Research, analyse, test and decide on impact of optimal vision of amenities within the site in order to improve the safety aspect of the project
p
4
Ste
2
Ste
Ste
p
p
CPU studio 03 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
ABCDE
Analyse existing site
6
ABCDE
//46
Stages of Development
Site analysis
Population survey
New grid-network
Stage One
Stage Two
Stage Three
Analyse current site characteristics The observational analysis aims to identify the current characteristics of the site such as buildingsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; use, road networks, green spaces, amenity distribution, walkability aspects and development opportunities.
Interview population and analyse needs Identify infrastructure opportunities based on collected data from citizens living in the area. The data represents the needs of population which are currently not met and the preferences which will be used to create variations of the project.
New design strategy New infrastructure design strategy aims to introduce connectivity aspects in the studies of compact cities/ neighbourhoods. By adding a new grid-network, new plots, new building typologies and amenity preferences are defined.
ABCDE
CPU studio 03 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
ABCDE
Introduction to design development stages
//47
Stages of Development
Amenity placement
Building placement
Iteration analysis
Stage Four
Stage Five
Stage Six
Identify amenity distribution Based on previously conducted interview of people living in the area, preferred different amenities are distributed randomly on the site in order to conclude iterations where human agents will self-organise around the preferred amenity.
Distribute preferred building typologies Based on previously conducted interview of people living in the area, preferred different building typologies are distributed on the site in order to conclude iterations where human agents will self-organise around the preferred typology.
Allow human agent self-organisation To understand the most suitable preferred amenity and building typology, plenty of potential outputs should be tested and evaluated so that considered urban theories and population needs are achieved towards a walkable neighbourhood.
ABCDE
CPU studio 03 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
ABCDE
Introduction to design development stages
//48
CPU studio 03 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
Aerial View of vehicular route and pedestrian routes
ABCDE //49
ABCDE
Distribution Strategy of Urban Parcels
Total area Placeholder
Total area Placeholder
Total area Placeholder
Total area Placeholder
CPU studio 03 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
ABCDE
Strategic planning of amenitiesâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; provision
Parcel Subdivision Placeholder x
y x
y x x
Distribution within a Site Distribution strategy The distribution of amenities happens in three different strategies based on the size of amenities and their users. The big scale amenities are located close to perimeter roads because of the easy connection to other parts of the city. The amenities within neighbourhood level are located close to people who have highest interest towards those amenities. Block level facilities are at the centre of intersections for best connection.
ABCDE
//50
Defining Massing Density
Amenity as an Attractor
Plot Distribution
CPU studio 03 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
ABCDE
Depicting Urban Typology using Amenity as attractor points
High Density Building Typology around amenities with high attractor points
ABCDE
//51
Spatial Distribution Strategy
Amenity as a Repulsor
Plot Distribution
CPU studio 03 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
ABCDE
Defining the massing around the green park attractor
Low/Medium Density Building Typology around amenities with high repulsor points
ABCDE
//52
ABCDE CPU studio 03 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
Evaluation Process â&#x20AC;¢ Creating optimised outcomes using generative design ABCDE
//53
Work Flow Overview Method of work
Urb an
u di o Choice 3
Choice 2
ABCDE
Choice 3
Choice 2
Designer 2
Choice 1
Designer 3
Choice 1
Outcome
90 Participants
Chapter A
Chapter B
Chapter C
CPU studio 03 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
* Case study dependent
Survey
Choice 3
Data
Designer 1 Choice 2
3D model
Goals
Choice 1
Research
Finalise Option 3
4 051 Iterations
Option 2
Ballot
Elimination
Evaluation
Team
Option 1
System
St
Arr a y s
Chapter D
ABCDE
//54
Design Development Explained Following stages of project development
Stage 1
Stage 2
Stage 3
10m 10m Stretford Road Bonsall Street
Booth Street Boundary Lane
Stage 4
Stage 5
Stage 6
Stage 7
Stage 8
Stage 9
Stage 10
Stage 11
Stage 12
Z X
Z
Z X
ABCDE
X
Z
CPU studio 03 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
X
% Commercial He ight from
low
rise igh rise to h
% Residential % Green land
*Please check additional media files if video does not run
% Street use
ABCDE
//55
Input and Output Parameters Incorporating the inferences into the process as input parameters and evaluating them against necessary output parameters Road Offset Urban Grids Population density, etc
Research Promoting walkability to achieve a liveable neighbourhood by providing access of open green spaces and amenities within walking distance
Framework System
No. of Green spaces Size of Green spaces Input parameters
Generic Design Parameters Design Process Urban Design Theories
Amenities
Amenity Space requirements
Design Development
Urban Masterplan
Data
Population growth Green Space requirements
Output parameters
ABCDE
Green Space
Optimisation and Evaluation
CPU studio 03 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
Urban grid layouts
Problem Identification
Hulme
Site Parameters
Context
Boundary
Participatory Urbanism Survey
Site Demographics
Site specific demands
User Groups 90 participants
ABCDE
//56
Parcel Subdivision Experiments
*video
*video
*video
No Control
Limited Control
Majority Control
Random street network With the aid of the computational tool, DeCoding Spaces, a street network can be established within the defined site boundary. However, with no parameters set with regards to the plot widths, no clear urban pattern can be defined; the outcome results in an organic street network driven by street orientation and density/street frequency, which then influences the urban block layout.
Addressing anchor points The street network can have a somewhat controlled pattern through the definition of a street hierarchy. This is done by identifying an existing main route to use as an anchor point, which secondary and tertiary streets can be created from. This also leads to the basic control of the resulting urban plots, where the minimum width of all plots can be raised or lowered.
Creating rules for plot boundaries Street hierarchy and plot parameters are combined to define the urban landscape. By creating rules for plot boundaries based on the nodes (amenities) locations and population size, a min plot area can be defined which will accommodate the appropriate building typology. Street hierarchy remains, with main roads identified as primary routes, and is further developed.
ABCDE
CPU studio 03 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
ABCDE
Street Network Generations
//57
Detailed Building Typologies Defined through participatory feedback and plot calculations
Typologies
Flats block
Mixed-use
Student Accommodation
Low-rise
Mid-rise
Row house
Mixed-use
Library
Single family house
Retail
ABCDE
High-rise
GSEducationalVersion
GSEducationalVersion
GSEducationalVersion
GSEducationalVersion
GSEducationalVersion
GSEducationalVersion
GSEducationalVersion GSEducationalVersion
GSEducationalVersion
Office
Semi detached house
CPU studio 03 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
GSEducationalVersion
GSEducationalVersion
GSEducationalVersion
Mixed-use
GSEducationalVersion
GSEducationalVersion
GSEducationalVersion
GSEducationalVersion
GSEducationalVersion
GSEducationalVersion
GSEducationalVersion
GSEducationalVersion
GSEducationalVersion
GSEducationalVersion
GSEducationalVersion
GSEducationalVersion
ABCDE
//58
Residential Building Typologies Dimensions
h = 8000mm
w = 78
00mm
GSEducationalVersion
mm
0 00
7 l=
h = 16000mm
w = 15
000mm
h = 10000mm
l=
mm
0 00
31
h = 42000mm
GSEducationalVersion
00mm
GSEducationalVersion
m
0m
l=
0 60
ABCDE
w = 85
h = 16000mm
GSEducationalVersion
0
w = 11
70
700mm
7 l=
mm
w = 15
000mm
l=
mm
m
0 00
31
CPU studio 03 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
h = 8000mm
GSEducationalVersion
l=
w = 10
000mm
m 00
0
18
GSEducationalVersion
Low-Rise Housing
Mid-Rise Housing
High-Rise Housing
Low-rise is considered between 1 and 5 floors in height and it accommodates 1-2 dwellings. Considered maximum height is 12 metres.
Mid-rise is considered between 5 and 9 floors in height and it accommodates 30-110 dwellings. Considered maximum height is 30 metres.
High-rise is considered more than 9 floors in height and it accommodates more than 100 dwellings. Considered maximum height is 50 metres
ABCDE
//59
Commercial Building Typologies Dimensions of commercial - office, retail Le
ve l3 40 00
Le
ve
l2 0
h = 47000mm h = 29000mm h = 15000mm m
200
00m
m
l=
m 000
30
w=
w= 110
00m
m
l=
m 00m
120
00m
m
000mm
l = 24
110
ABCDE
w=
h = 31000mm CPU studio 03 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
h = 27000mm h = 13000mm w=
mm
110
00m
m
l=
00 210
w=
mm
100
00m
m
l=
00 180
w=
110
00m
m
m
l=
0m 100
1
Low-Rise Commercial
Mid-Rise Commercial
High-Rise Commercial
Low-rise office buildings are considered between 1 and 5 floors in height. Preferred maximum height is 15 metres.
Mid-rise is considered between 5 and 9 floors in height and ground floor is allocated for retail purposes only. Preferred maximum height is 30 metres.
High-rise is considered more than 9 floors in height and is allocated to office use only. Ground floor area is used for reception/ access to the building. Considered maximum height is 50 metres
ABCDE
//60
Commercial Building Typologies Dimensions of mixed use - housing, retail, leisure, education
h = 50000mm
h = 25000mm
h = 12000mm
Le
ve
l0 0
mm
110
00m
m
l=
00 200
w=
100
w=
mm
00
00m
m
l
50 =2
200
mm
0m
m
l=
00 200
ABCDE
w=
CPU studio 03 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
h = 42000mm h = 21000mm
h = 14000mm w=
200
00m
m
l
m
m 000
0 =2
w=
m
400
00m
m
0m 500
4 l=
w=
700
mm
0m
m
l=
00 200
Low-Rise Commercial
Mid-Rise Commercial
High-Rise Commercial
Low-rise office buildings are considered between 1 and 5 floors in height. Preferred maximum height is 15 metres.
Mid-rise is considered between 5 and 9 floors in height and ground floor is allocated for retail purposes only. Preferred maximum height is 30 metres.
High-rise is considered more than 9 floors in height and is allocated to office use only. Ground floor area is used for reception/ access to the building. Considered maximum height is 50 metres
ABCDE
//61
ABCDE CPU studio 03 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
View of various building typologies planned across the segregated Stretford road
ABCDE
//62
Optimisation Process Placeholder
Basic building forms and types
Good iterations
Bad iterations
Form parameters: length, height, width
ABCDE
1, 2, 3 ... 4051 Maximum values 4.0 20 6 200 9.0 35 20 000 165 000 50 000 10.0 3 60 000
Road Setback Plot Randomiser Green Space No Green Space Plot Randomiser Road offset-green space,school Plot Threshold People-site Green space-context [m2] Green space on site [m2] Green space per person [m2] Amenity space per person [m2] Amenity Space-site [m2] Basic building forms and types
Minimum values 2.0 0 4 50 6 20 0 145 000 30 000 0 0 20 000
CPU studio 03 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
Optimisation process
Promoting walkability: Min length of road - 30m Max length of road - 100m
ABCDE
//63
Generating Design Iterations Generated design explained
Number of green spaces around the site is generated
Green space distribution around the site is randomised
Road offset dedicates space for extra mobility activities
Plot sizes are generated and volumes of blocks are created
Population density is projected to affect all metrics
Distribution of green spaces to achieve desired walking distance
Total green space to satisfy population density metrics
Green space allocation of 9m2 per person (WHO standards)
x
Max
Road offset
Plot randomiser
Number of green spaces
Green space randomiser
Road offset - green space
Plot threshold
People on site
4.0
20
6.0
200
9.0
35
24 000
8.5 3.5
15
5.5
3.0
10
5.0
22 000
165 000
20 000
160 000
Green space on site
50 000
100
x
x
Green space per person
Amenity space per person
14
3.0 60 000
30
18 000
7.5
45 000
12 2.6
155 000
40 000
4.5
50
25
150 000
35 000
145 000
30 000
2.4
2.2
12 000
Min
40 000
8
14 000 6.5
50 000
10
16 000 5
Amenity space - site
2.8
7.0 2.5
Total amenity space to achieve desired walking distance
x
150 8.0
Mid
Green space - context
Amenity space allocation per person calculated in m2
ABCDE
Plot randomiser affects the urban grid layout of the project
CPU studio 03 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
Offset of a line on both sides so that a road is created
0
30 000
6 2.0
Generative design parameters By using Design Explorer, an open source tool to explore design iterations, a large number of design options can be generated based on set parameters. These parameters are defined through design strategies applied to the design process and feedback from survey participants which has been translated into measurable metrics.
ABCDE
//64
Generated Design Iterations Design evaluation explained
x Road offset
Plot randomiser
Number of green spaces
Green space randomiser
Road offset - green space
Plot threshold
People on site
Green space - context
Green space on site
x x
x
Green space per person
Amenity space per person
Amenity space - site
Max
Mid
Iteration #2
Iteration #3
CPU studio 03 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
Iteration #1
ABCDE
Min
Attributes iteration #1 Attributes iteration #2 Attributes iteration #3
ABCDE
//65
Extreme Inputs Testing outcomes of extreme values of two inputs at once Evaluating maximized, medium and minimized values of inputs - Plot grid Randomizer and Green space location randomizer Maximized
Medium
Minimized
Max
Max
Max
Min
Mid
Mid
Min
Min
2
20
201
6
x 18507
166526
51611.7
9
35
2
12
x x
8.99
51
5
x x
2.31
42842
16894
154049
39135
7
27
4
0
x x
9.11
1
5
6
x x
2.37
40081
15107
151513
36599
CPU studio 03 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
ABCDE
Mid
20
x x
10.02
x
2.39
ABCDE
36216
//66
Extreme Inputs Testing outcomes of extreme values of two inputs at once Evaluating maximized, medium and minimized values of inputs - Plot grid Randomizer and Green space location randomizer Maximized
Medium
Minimized
Max
Max
Mid
Mid
Mid
Min
Min
Min
3
4
1
6
x 14 986
160527
45613
7
20
4
4
x x
9.47
151
6
x x
2.11
42789
14 986
156 909
41 994
7
20
4
4
x x
10.46
151
6
7
x x
2.71
40 734
14 986
156 909
41 994
CPU studio 03 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
ABCDE
Max
20
x x
10.46
x
2.71
ABCDE
40 734
//67
CPU studio 03 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
Green park used as a buffer from the Mancunian Highway
ABCDE //68
ABCDE
Urban Design Iterations Parameter Driven Massing Iteration 1
Iteration 2
Iteration 3
Iteration 4
Iteration 5
Max
Mid
Min
Site Population: 17,950 Green space per person: 7.8sqm Amenity space per person: 2.4sqm
Site Population: 18,953 Green space per person: 7.4sqm Amenity space per person: 2.5sqm
Site Population: 15,720 Green space per person: 9.4sqm Amenity space per person: 2.6sqm
Iteration 6
Iteration 7
Iteration 8
Iteration 9
Site Population: 13,234 Green space per person: 11.1sqm Amenity space per person: 2.5sqm
Site Population: 15,917 Green space per person: 9.4sqm Amenity space per person: 2.4sqm
Site Population: 17,385 Green space per person: 9.5sqm Amenity space per person: 2.5sqm
Site Population: 16,687 Green space per person: 9.9sqm Amenity space per person: 2.5sqm
Iteration 10
Iteration 11
Iteration 12
Iteration 13
Site Population: 17,102 Green space per person: 8.8sqm Amenity space per person: 2.2sqm
Site Population: 18,586 Green space per person: 8.1sqm Amenity space per person: 2.4sqm
4
4
151
6
x 14 986
Site Population: 18,384 Green space per person: 7.8sqm Amenity space per person: 2.7sqm
Site Population: 17,661 Green space per person: 8.4sqm Amenity space per person: 2.5sqm
156 909
41 994
7
20
x x
10.46
x
2.71
40 734
ABCDE
//69
CPU studio 03 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
ABCDE
Site Population: 15,248 Green space per person: 9.2sqm Amenity space per person: 2.5sqm
Urban Design Iterations Parameter Driven Massing Iteration 14
Iteration 15
Iteration 16
Iteration 17
Iteration 18
Max
Mid
Min
Site Population: 18,560 Green space per person: 8.1sqm Amenity space per person: 2.4sqm
Site Population: 12,418 Green space per person: 11.7sqm Amenity space per person: 2.4sqm
Site Population: 13,380 Green space per person: 11.5sqm Amenity space per person: 2.4sqm
Iteration 19
Iteration 20
Iteration 21
Iteration 22
Site Population: 18,560 Green space per person:8.1sqm Amenity space per person: 2.4sqm
Site Population: 18,249 Green space per person:7.9sqm Amenity space per person: 2.5sqm
Site Population: 13,771 Green space per person: 11.2sqm Amenity space per person: 2.2sqm
Site Population: 12,876 Green space per person: 13.1sqm Amenity space per person: 2.6sqm
Iteration 23
Iteration 24
Iteration 25
Iteration 26
Site Population: 19,217 Green space per person: 7.5sqm Amenity space per person: 2.5sqm
Site Population: 13,751 Green space per person: 9.2sqm Amenity space per person: 2.3sqm
3
4
151
4
x 15 085
Site Population: 20,233 Green space per person: 7.1sqm Amenity space per person: 2.7sqm
Site Population: 18,303 Green space per person: .9sqm Amenity space per person: 2.8sqm
147 982
33 068
6
20
x x
980
x
2.25
33 954
ABCDE
//70
CPU studio 03 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
ABCDE
Site Population: 20,585 Green space per person:7.3sqm Amenity space per person: 2.5sqm
Urban Design Iterations Parameter Driven Massing Iteration 27
Iteration 28
Iteration 29
Iteration 30
Iteration 31
Max
Mid
Min
Site Population: 15,126 Green space per person: 11.1sqm Amenity space per person: 1.5sqm
Site Population: 16,375 Green space per person: 9.4sqm Amenity space per person: 2.5sqm
Site Population: 16,639 Green space per person: 8.7sqm Amenity space per person: 2.5sqm
Iteration 32
Iteration 33
Iteration 34
Iteration 35
Site Population: 15,517 Green space per person: 9.9sqm Amenity space per person: 2.4.sqm
Site Population: 15,628 Green space per person: 10.7sqm Amenity space per person: 2.4sqm
Site Population: 16,886 Green space per person: 8.9sqm Amenity space per person: 2.7sqm
Site Population: 16,982 Green space per person: 8.9sqm Amenity space per person: 2.4sqm
Iteration 36
Iteration 37
Iteration 38
Iteration 39
Site Population: 17,092 Green space per person: 9sqm Amenity space per person: 2.5sqm
Site Population: 17,575 Green space per person: 9.5sqm Amenity space per person: 2.6sqm
3
4
101
5
x 15 906
Site Population: 15,827 Green space per person: 9.5sqm Amenity space per person: 2.5sqm
Site Population: 16,095 Green space per person: 10.4sqm Amenity space per person: 2.2sqm
145 305
30 391
5
24
x x
9.13
x
2.39
38 167
ABCDE
//71
CPU studio 03 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
ABCDE
Site Population: 14,896 Green space per person: 10.7sqm Amenity space per person: 2.4sqm
Iteration 40
Iteration 41
Iteration 42
Iteration 43
Iteration 44
Max
Mid
Min
Site Population: 13,176 Green space per person: 11sqm Amenity space per person: 2.6sqm
Site Population: 21,806 Green space per person: 6.9sqm Amenity space per person: 2.8sqm
Site Population: 13,176 Green space per person: 11sqm Amenity space per person: 2.6sqm
Iteration 45
Iteration 46
Iteration 47
Iteration 48
Site Population: 11,992 Green space per person: 14sqm Amenity space per person: 2.5sqm
Site Population: 12,751 Green space per person: 13.2sqm Amenity space per person: 2.5sqm
Site Population: 11,992 Green space per person: 14sqm Amenity space per person: 2.5sqm
Site Population: 12,751 Green space per person: 13.2sqm Amenity space per person: 2.5sqm
Iteration 49
Iteration 50
Iteration 51
Iteration 52
Site Population: 13,155 Green space per person: 11.7sqm Amenity space per person: 2.4sqm
Site Population: 13,435 Green space per person: 11.5sqm Amenity space per person: 2.7sqm
4
4
151
5
x 13435
Site Population: 13,155 Green space per person: 11.7sqm Amenity space per person: 2.4sqm
Site Population: 13,435 Green space per person: 11.5sqm Amenity space per person: 2.7sqm
154944
40030
9
20
x x
11.53
x
2.76
37063
ABCDE
//72
CPU studio 03 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
ABCDE
Site Population: 21,806 Green space per person: 6.9sqm Amenity space per person: 2.8sqm
Generated Design Iterations Designerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s input and considerations on choosing final output
Designer 1 - Raya Pavlova
Preferred iteration #3
Preferred iteration #2
Road offset: 4 Plot randomiser: 4 Green Park No: 4 Green space randomiser: 101 Road offset-green space,school: 7 Plot threshold: 24 People-site: 14 046 Green space-context [m2]: 141 006 Green space on site [m2]: 26 092 Green space per person [m2]: 10 Amenity space per person [m2]: 2.70 Amenity space-site [m2]: 37 963
Road offset: 4 Plot randomiser: 16 Green park No: 6 Green space randomiser: 151 Road offset-green space,school: 7 Plot threshold: 20 People-site: 14 986 Green space-context [m2]: 156 909 Green space on site [m2]: 41 994 Green space per person [m2]: 10.46 Amenity space per person [m2]: 2.71 Amenity space-site [m2]: 40 734
Road offset: 4 Plot randomiser: 0 Green park No: 6 Green space randomiser: 151 Road offset-green space,school: 6 Plot threshold: 20 People-site: 15 805 Green space-context [m2]: 156 909 Green space on site [m2]: 41 994 Green space per person [m2]: 9.92 Amenity space per person [m2]: 2.73 Amenity space-site [m2]: 43 175
Attributes iteration #1
Attributes iteration #2
Attributes iteration #3
Residential
Commercial
Park
School
Residential
Commercial
Park
School
Residential
Commercial
Park
CPU studio 03 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
ABCDE
Preferred iteration #1
School
ABCDE
//73
Generated Design Iterations Designerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s input and considerations on choosing final output
Designer 2 - Shambhavi Joshi
Preferred iteration #3
Preferred iteration #2
Road offset: 2 Plot randomiser: 8 Green park No: 5 Green space randomiser: 101 Road offset-green space,school: 9 Plot threshold: 24 People-site: 16 984 Green space-context [m2]: 145 305 Green space on site [m2]: 30 391 Green space per person [m2]: 8.55 Amenity space per person [m2]: 2.25 Amenity space-site [m2]: 38 243
Road offset: 2 Plot randomiser: 4 Green park No: 6 Green space randomiser: 151 Road offset-green space,school: 7 Plot threshold: 20 People-site: 17 565 Green space-context [m2]: 156 909 Green space on site [m2]: 41 994 Green space per person [m2]: 8.93 Amenity space per person [m2]: 2.31 Amenity space-site [m2]: 40 708
Road offset: 3 Plot randomiser: 4 Green park No: 4 Green space randomiser: 151 Road offset-green space,school: 6 Plot threshold: 20 People-site: 15 085 Green space-context [m2]: 147 982 Green space on site [m2]: 33 068 Green space per person [m2]: 9.80 Amenity space per person [m2]: 2.25 Amenity space-site [m2]: 33 954
Attributes iteration #1
Attributes iteration #2
Attributes iteration #3
Residential
Commercial
Park
School
Residential
Commercial
Park
School
Residential
Commercial
Park
CPU studio 03 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
ABCDE
Preferred iteration #1
School
ABCDE
//74
Generated Design Iterations Designerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s input and considerations on choosing final output
Designer 3 - Aaron Underhill
Preferred iteration #3
Preferred iteration #2
Road offset: 2 Plot randomiser: 8 Green park No: 6 Green space randomiser: 1 Road offset-green space,school: 7 Plot threshold: 27 People-site: 16 010 Green space-context [m2]: 160 527 Green space on site [m2]: 45 613 Green space per person [m2]: 10.02 Amenity space per person [m2]: 2.24 Amenity space-site [m2]: 35 875
Road offset: 3 Plot randomiser: 4 Green park No: 5 Green space randomiser: 101 Road offset-green space,school: 9 Plot threshold: 24 People-site: 15 906 Green space-context [m2]: 145 305 Green space on site [m2]: 30 391 Green space per person [m2]: 9.13 Amenity space per person [m2]: 2.39 Amenity space-site [m2]: 38 167
Road offset: 2 Plot randomiser: 8 Green park No: 4 Green space randomiser: 101 Road offset-green space,school: 6 Plot threshold: 27 People-site: 18 526 Green space-context [m2]: 141 006 Green space on site [m2]: 26 092 Green space per person [m2]: 7.61 Amenity space per person [m2]: 2.71 Amenity space-site [m2]: 50 388
Attributes iteration #1
Attributes iteration #2
Attributes iteration #3
Residential
Commercial
Park
School
Residential
Commercial
Park
School
Residential
Commercial
Park
CPU studio 03 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
ABCDE
Preferred iteration #1
School
ABCDE
//75
Manual Selection of Design Iterations Designerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s input and considerations on choosing final output
Designer 1+2+3
Designer 2 iteration #3
Designer 3 iteration #2
Road offset: 4 Plot randomiser: 16 Green park No: 6 Green space randomiser: 151 Road offset-green space,school: 7 Plot threshold: 20 People-site: 14 986 Green space-context [m2]: 156 909 Green space on site [m2]: 41 994 Green space per person [m2]: 10.46 Amenity space per person [m2]: 2.71 Amenity space-site [m2]: 40 734
Road offset: 3 Plot randomiser: 4 Green park No: 4 Green space randomiser: 151 Road offset-green space,school: 6 Plot threshold: 20 People-site: 15 085 Green space-context [m2]: 147 982 Green space on site [m2]: 33 068 Green space per person [m2]: 9.80 Amenity space per person [m2]: 2.25 Amenity space-site [m2]: 33 954
Road offset: 3 Plot randomiser: 4 Green park No: 5 Green space randomiser: 101 Road offset-green space,school: 9 Plot threshold: 24 People-site: 15 906 Green space-context [m2]: 145 305 Green space on site [m2]: 30 391 Green space per person [m2]: 9.13 Amenity space per person [m2]: 2.39 Amenity space-site [m2]: 38 167
Iteration attributes
Iteration attributes
Iteration attributes
Residential
Commercial
Park
School
Residential
Commercial
Park
School
Residential
Commercial
Park
CPU studio 03 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
ABCDE
Designer 1 iteration #2
School
ABCDE
//76
Work Flow Overview Method of work
Urb an
u di o Choice 3
Choice 2
ABCDE
Choice 3
Choice 2
Designer 2
Choice 1
Designer 3
Choice 1
Outcome
90 Participants
Chapter A
Chapter B
Chapter C
CPU studio 03 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
* Case study dependent
Survey
Choice 3
Data
Designer 1 Choice 2
3D model
Goals
Choice 1
Research
Finalise Option 3
4 051 Iterations
Option 2
Ballot
Elimination
Evaluation
Team
Option 1
System
St
Arr a y s
Chapter D
ABCDE
//77
Participatory Feedback
Get feedback
Interactive consultation
Public
Ask for feedback Give direct feedback
ABCDE
Designers
Computation Technology
CPU studio 03 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
Design
Shortlisted iteration for final design proposal
Consultation feedback: • add an extra green park • make one high street feature • redistribute green parks Taking the feedback to create final model of the shortlisted design
ABCDE
//78
Testing Outcome Final design evaluation
CPU studio 03 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
ABCDE
Road Offset: 5 Plot Randomizer: 4 No. of Green spaces: 5 Green Space Randomizer: 101 Road Offset from Green space: 6.1 Plot Threshold: 20 People on Site: 14586 Green space - context: 148990.25 sq m Green space - site:34076.0 sq m Green Space per person: 10.43 sq m Amenity space per person: 2.389 sq m Amenity Space - site: 35880.12 sq m
ABCDE
//79
ABCDE CPU studio 03 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
Project Deliverables â&#x20AC;¢ Drawing set of the final generative outcome A B C D E F G //80
Master Plan Explaining how the design outcome fits in with the context of the site
nia
Hatch
tre eS
idg
oa d
br
m Ca
nW ay
Hulme Park
n Way
et
nia Mancu
Stretford Road
Higher Ca
Birely Campus MMU
Manchester School of Architecture
treet mbridge S
eet
Booth Str eet
Booth Str
Trinity C of E High School
ess R oad Princ
enh ays Gre
Lan
e
ad
ays
o Oxford R
enh
Lloyd Street
Lan
e
UoM University Campus
Gre
ABCDE
Princess Road
All Saints Park MMU
A B C D E F G //81
CPU studio 03 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
ncu
Oxford R
Ma
Master Plan Characteristics
Walkability access of amenities
Walkability access of green parks
Walkability Access
Amenities
Shopping Restaurants
Cafes Healthcare
Services Education
Amenity Locations
Green spaces
6 - 10m Low Rise 10 - 15m Low Rise
16 - 28m Mid Rise 28 - 32m Mid Rise
32 - 40m High Rise 40 - 50m High Rise
Building Heights and their spread across site
A B C D E F G //82
CPU studio 03 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
ABCDE
An representation of the walkability and accessibility measures of the final design outcome
Site Sections and Response to Context Longitudinal site sections highlighting treatment of existing and proposed site features Deta il
1
Deta il
2
Manchester freeway
Green median to separate cycle corridor and vehicular road
___m wide Poynton Street (Existing)
Tree plantations acting as a buffer
__m wide Stretford road
Low Rise Housing Typology
Recreational Green Park
Leisure Park for Residential Area
__m wide Road
Stretford Pedestrian Promenade Mid-Rise Row House Apartments
Low Rise Housing Typology
Bonsall Street
3
Corner Shop and Amenity Centre for Community
ABCDE
Low Rise to Mid Rise to High Rise Hierarchy of Housing
Manchester School of Art
The Assembly
Bright Building
MMU Business School
Liberty Living Apartments
Crowne Plaza
Unite Student Apartments
Duffield Court
A
Long Section AAâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Aâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;
Longitudinal site section explaining the spread of green parks on site, the massing hierarchy of buildings, segregation of pedestrian and vehicular traffic on Stretford road and architectural response to Manchester freeway by creating a landscape buffer and a dense green park to minimise noise and also to establish a physical site boundary
0.5 0
1.5 3.5
A B C D E F G //83
CPU studio 03 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
Deta il
Site Sections and Response to Context Longitudinal site sections highlighting treatment of existing and proposed site features Deta il
4
5
Narrow vehicular street with restricted access for school convenience of school children
Recreational green space for surrounding residential area
Mixed Use building typology with Ground Level for Commercial Use Public Square to promote interaction of all age groups
Hise Rise typology for MMU Student Accomodation
Cycle friendly track with restricted car access to residents
Green spaces for leisure
Cycle friendly street
__m wide Road Trinity School (Existing)
6
Stretford Commercial Pedestrian Promenade
Perimeter Block with private green spaces
___m wide Stretford Road
Deansgate Tower Complex Hulme Bridge
The Assembly
Duffield Court
William House
Unite Student Apartments
Trinity School (exiting)
B
Long Section BBâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Bâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;
Longitudinal site section through existing school building explaining the narrow streets developed besides school complex for ease of walking restricting the vehicle speed, the low rise to high rise hierarchy from green park to MMU campus area, the commercial public square acts as an integrator for MMU campus and the Hulme community
0.5 0
1.5 3.5
A B C D E F G //84
ABCDE
Green plantation buffer from existing street
Deta il
CPU studio 03 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
Deta il
Site Sections and Response to Context Short site sections highlighting treatment of existing and proposed site features Deta il Local shopping/ common workspaces
Deta il
7
8
9
Green avenue created for future development use such as open parking, temporary kiosks or 2nd promenade
Vehicular Road
Commercial, amenities, cafes, etc
Deta il
Mixed Use building typology Amphitheatre + Community Centre
Public square
Pedestrianized Street
Stretford Road Pedestrian Promenade
Commercial lower levels of building
Detail showing increment in building heights beginning from low rise near green parks to high rise on the site periphery
Short Section CC’
C’ D’
C
E’
D E
Short Section EE’
Short Section DD’ Short sections representing the scenarios at different locations of site, explaining the connectivity through green parks, segregation of vehicular and pedestrian commute and placement of recreational and community development amenities.
0.5 0
1.5 3.5
A B C D E F G //85
CPU studio 03 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
ABCDE
Pedestrianized street
Spatial Character of Green Spaces
• Designed to be located at the edge of the site where MMU teaching campus ends • Promotes open interactions, provides a space for art, provides green zones • Caters to all age groups of people • Designed to encourage growth and well-being of students in university halls, visitors, other Hulme residents • Provides a notion of a landmark of entering Hulme; acts as an urban borderland
Stretford Promenade
Community Park • Defines the edge of the site towards Hulme bridge • Acts as a community park promoting growth of community, a place of interaction promoting development of individual and diverse community groups • Provides a place for leisure, retreat, relaxation and/or group interaction
• The proposal provides a segregation of the pedestrian and vehicular movement along Stretford road as it is a main route of commute for many • The Promenade bears mixed use and commercial housing typologies with amenities like retail, cafes, shops, restaurants, etc on the lower floors • The street is designed to promote local businesses as well as commercial stakeholders • The promenade marks as a mode of interaction between various age groups and acts as a connector of the Multipurpose park and the Community park
A B C D E F G //86
CPU studio 03 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
Multi-purpose park
ABCDE
An insight into application of amenity data and user group spatial analysis into design of green parks on site
CPU studio 03 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
References
ABCDE //87
ABCDE
References
James, Paul; Holden, Meg; Lewin, Mary; Neilson, Lyndsay; Oakley, Christine; Truter, Art; Wilmoth, David (2013). “Managing Metropolises by Negotiating Mega-Urban Growth”. In Harald Mieg and Klaus Töpfer (ed.). Institutional and Social Innovation for Sustainable Urban Yue, Ricci, et al. “The Human Dimension of Visibility Degradation in a Compact City.” Natural Hazards, vol. 82, no. 3, July 2016 Haaland, Christine, and Cecil Konijnendijk van den Bosch. “Challenges and Strategies for Urban Green-Space Planning in Cities Undergoing Densification: A Review.” Urban Forestry & Urban Greening vol. 14, no. 4, 2015 Dempsey, Nicola (2010) Revisiting the Compact City? Built Environment 36
ABCDE
Wolsink, Maarten. “Environmental Education Excursions and Proximity to Urban Green Space – Densification in a ‘Compact City.’” Environmental Education Research, vol. 22, no. 7, Oct. 2016 Jenks, M., Burton, E. and Williams, K. (Editors), 1996, The Compact City: A Sustainable Urban Form? Eiu.com. (2020). The Worldwide Cost of Living Survey. [online] CPU studio 03 | Aaron Underhill, Raya Pavlova & Shambhavi Joshi
McKinsey (2018). Thriving amid turbulence: Imagining the cities of the future. [online] McKinsey (2017). Future of Cities | McKinsey & Company. [online] Institution, G. (2019). How to Put Participatory Urban Planning into Practice? Our mission today.
ABCDE
//88