TARKINE FUNGI SURVEY: CORINNA, PHILOSOPHER FALLS & MCGOWAN’S FALLS Sarah Lloyd and Joy MacDonald June 2010
Practical Ecology
Pty Ltd
Contracting and Consulting in Ecological Restoration and Environmental Planning ABN 88 082 911 377 Phone: 6362 3830 Fax: 9484 9133 Email: enquiries@practicalecology.com.au Address: PO Box 428 Deloraine 7304
PRACTICAL ECOLOGY Pty Ltd ACN: 082 911 377 ABN: 88 082 911 377 PO Box 428 Deloraine Tas 3072 P: 6362 3830 F: 9484 9133 www.practicalecology.com.au Prepared for: Cradle coast Authority Contact: Jenny Evans Practical Ecology project number: Version control Version Date sent 1 2 3 Acknowledgments: Jenny Evans James Shaddick Colin Broughton Ron Nagorcka
CRA1180
Reviewed by:
Cradle Coast Authority Cradle Coast Authority - Mapping Practical Ecology P/L - Mapping Field Work
Copyright Unless otherwise agreed in writing, this report is the intellectual property of Practical Ecology Pty Ltd. It is designed to be used exclusively by the person or organisation that commissioned it. Permission must be sought prior to reproduction of any portion of this document, and every effort made to ensure proper referencing of this document. All images Š Sarah Lloyd Cover Photographs: Top left - right: Galerina unicolor, Castorea hypoxylon Botton left - right Clavaria miniata, Cystaderma amianthinum, Hygrocybe graminicolor
Cyptotrama aspratum
CONTENTS List of Illustrated Species 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Project Background 1.2 Aims 1.3 Study Sites 2. METHODS 2.1 Hygiene: Phytophthora cinnamomi Phytophthora 2.2 Existing Information 2.3 Limitations 3. RESULTS 3.1 Site Information 3.1.1 Corinna 3.1.2 Philosophers Falls 3.1.3 McGowan’s Falls 4. DISCUSSION 4.1 Ecolgical roles of fungi 4.2 Fungi surveys 4.3 Distribution of fungi 4.4 Fungi with a Gondwanan distribution 4.5 Further species associated with Nothofagus 4.6 Some conspicuous and noteworthy groups 4.7 Slime Moulds 5. THREATS TO FUNGAL DIVERSITY 5.1 Amanita muscaria 5.2 Forest Fragmentation 5.3 Wildfire & Disease 6. CONCLUSION 7. REFERENCES
4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 7 7 8 8 8 9 9 9 11 11 13 13 15 15 15 16
TABLES and FIGURES Appendix 1 Fungi observed April 2010 Appendix 2 Way points Appendix 3 Fungi observed April 2006 Appendix 4 Fungi observed April 2005
18 20 22 24
Tarkine Bird Survey
25
MAPS Map 1 Corinna Map 2 Philosopher Falls Map 3a McGowan’s Falls (west) Map 3b McGowan’ s Falls (east)
31 32 33 34 3
LIST OF ILLUSTRATED SPECIES FUNGI Amanita muscaria Amanita punctata Amanita sp. Amanita sp. Anthracophyllum archeri Artomyces austropiperatus Ascocoryne sarcoides Aurantioporus pulcherrimus Austroboletus novaezelandiae Bolete sp. Boletellus obscurecoccineus Castorea hypoxylon Ceratiomyxa fruticulosa (slime mould) Cortinarius armeniacovelata Cortinarius foetens Cortinarius metallicus Clavaria alboglobospora Clavaria amoenia Clavaria miniata Clavicorona piperata Cyptotrama aspratum Cystaderma amianthinum Cyttaria gunnii (beech orange) Disc fungus Fungus on slime mould Galerina unicolor Hericium corraloides Hygrocybe cheelii Hygrocybe astatogala Hygrocybe graminicolor Hygrocybe lewellinae Hygrocybe lilaceolamellata Hygrocybe sp. Laccaria species A Lanzia lanaripes
page 14 page 11 page 11 page 11 page 13 page 14 page 13 page 9 page 14 page 14 page 14 Front Cover page 13 page 10 page 10 page 10 page 14 page 14 Front Cover page 12 page 2 Front Cover page 10 page 13 page 16 Front Cover page 11 page 12 page 14 Front Cover page 14 page 14 page 12 page 11 page 13
4
Leotia lubrica Marasmius sp M. austrororida Mycena cystidiosa Mycena epipterygia Mycena interrupta Mycena kuurkacea Mycena nargan Mycena toyerlaricola Mycena vinacea Mycena viscidocruenta Mycena sp. Mycoacia subceracea Plectania campylospora Podoserpula pusio (Pagoda fungus) Ryvardenia campyla Tremella mesenterica
page 13 page 13 page 10 page 12 page 12 page 10 page 12 page 12 page 11 page 12 page 12 page 12 page 13 page 10 page 10 page 9 page 13
BIRDS Bassian Thrush Black Currawong Black-headed Honeyeater Dusky Robin Eastern Spinebill Pink Robin (male) Pink Robin (female) Scrubtit Tasmanian Scrubwren Yellow-throated Honeyeater
page 27 page 27 page 27 page 27 page 30 page 25 page 26 page 26 page 26 page 27
1.
INTRODUCTION
1.1
Project Background
Practical Ecology Pty Ltd was commissioned by Cradle Coast Authority in May 2010 to undertake a fungi survey of three sites in the Tarkine. Sites included Corinna, Philosophers Falls and McGowan’s Falls. The survey was undertaken in April 2010 over three days. This report details the fungi species present (see appendix 1)
1.2
Aims
The scope of works proposed by Practical Ecology Pty Ltd (as outlined in our fee proposal) and agreed to by Cradle Coast Authority included: Field Component: •
One day of field survey at each of the target sites of Corinna, Philosopher Falls and McGowans Falls;
• Focus on species with a Gondwanan link which include Mycena interrupta, Aurantioporus pulcherrimus, Podoserpula pusio, Ryvardenia sp. which have been found during previous surveys in the Tarkine. Another interesting Gondwanan connection is the beech orange Cyttaria gunnii. All the Nothofagus (South America, NZ, New Caledonia) species have associated Cyttaria sp. •
Photos to be taken to aid identification of fungi species for inclusion in the report;
•
Map the survey locations to show areas surveyed and locations of fungi species.
Report Discussion: •
Brief discussion regarding significance of fungi taxa present;
•
Overview of previous survey results in the context of season and species located during this survey;
•
General overview of habitat values present at each site.
Mapping: •
Maps will include GPS locations of all species observed and areas surveyed
1.3
Study Sites
The study sites are located in the north-west of Tasmania in the area known as The Tarkine. (see maps page 6)
2.
METHODS
Native vegetation has been identified as per TASVEG (Harris and Kitchener 2005) and Tasmanian Vegetation Monitoring and Mapping Program (2009) groupings and groundtruthed during survey. All sites have designated defined paths. These were traversed on foot and an area approximately two meters beside the paths was surveyed for fungi. The Corinna survey took place on 27 April 2010, Philosophers Falls on 28 April 2010 and McGowan’s Falls on 29 April 2010.
2.1
Hygiene: Phytophthora cinnamomi Phytophthora
Phytophthora cinnamomi Phytophthora is a plant root pathogen which is thought to be introduced. It is difficult to detect and damage is often not observed until the pathogen is well established. Phytophthora can be easily transported on walking boots; therefore measures were put in place to minimise the risk of transference of Phytophthora into the study sites during the surveys. This involved the use of a foot bath containing bleach prior to entry at each site as per Rodman (2005).
2.2
Existing Information
Species lists from surveys conducted by mycologists in 2005 and 2006 are included (see appendices 3 & 4)
2.3
Limitations
The position of individual fungi were marked using a Garmin GPS1 or a Getac PDA. GPS points were then used to create a map of plant locations using GIS software. It was decided that a GPS point should be taken only once for each species in order to allow as much ground to be covered in the time allocated for each site. This was based on the fact that fungi may or may not be present in the same position over coming seasons as is the habit of fungi species in general, making this information difficult to utilise. 1Handheld GPS devices (Global Positioning System) have a positional accuracy of 10 – 30m, depending on satellite availability, tree canopy, etc, so all data collected with GPS is indicative only.
5
3.
RESULTS
There were 221 species of fungi mapped during the survey. Several species were recorded at more than one location.
3.1
Site Information
It should be noted that no in depth vegetation survey was undertaken as part of this project. The following descriptions are taken from rapid observation during the fungi survey and are intended to provide brief background information only.
3.1.1 Corinna Corinna is situated approximately 20km from the mouth of the Pieman River. The Corinna study site is mapped by TASVEG mainly as Nothofagus cunninghamii rainforest (undifferentiated) (RMU) interspersed in two places with Lagarostrobis franklinii Huon Pine rainforest and scrub (RPH). TASVEG RMU represents an amalgamation of TASVEG Nothofagus – Atherosperma rainforest (RMT) and Nothofagus – Pyllocladus short rainforest (RMS) (Tasmanian Vegetation Monitoring and Mapping Program 2009) and (Harris and Kitchener 2005). The area mapped as RMU consisted of mainly thamnic vegetation dominated by N. cunninghamii Myrtle Beech with Acacia melanoxylon blackwood, Atherosperma moschatum Sassafras and occasionally Eucryphia lucida Leatherwood; understory shrubs included Anodopetalum biglandulosum Horizontal, Anopterus glandulosus Tasmanian Laurel, Monotoca glauca Goldey wood and Leptospermum lanigerum Wooly Teatree. RPH was identified along the Pieman River as mapped by Harris and Kitchener (2005). Historically the Corinna area produced huge quantities of Huon Pine and remnants would be expected to be heavily modified.
6
3.1.2 Philosopher Falls The Philosopher Falls track is situated approximately one kilometer in from the Waratah – Savage River road approximately 11 km from Waratah. Philosopher Falls is also listed as RMU by TASVEG (Harris and Kitchener 2005); however the vegetation is more callidendrous in nature than the same community at Corinna. This may be due to higher levels of modification in this area, although many large N. cunninghamii remain the understory appeared to show less species diversity. Understory species observed included Atherosperma moschatum Sassafras, Phyllocladus aspleniifolius Celerytop Pine, and Zieria arborescens Stinkwood.
3.1.3 McGowan’s Falls McGowans Falls is situated just north of the Campbell Range west of Henrietta on the Relapse Creek Road. The area surveyed at McGowans Falls is mapped by TASVEG as a mix of Eucalyptus obliqua wet forest (undifferentiated) (WOU) and Nothofagus rainforest (undifferentiated) (RMU). Vegetation observed is consistent with TASVEG mapping considering the short distance covered in conjunction with ecotonal influences and would be described as a mixed forest. The area is modified and fairly open in the understory suggesting some level of logging has taken place however many large E. obliqua Stringybark trees remain with N. cunninghamii being co-dominant along with other associated rainforest species. Other species present include Zieria arborescens Stinkwood, Atherosperma moschatum Sassafras, Pittosporum bicolor Cheesewood, Phyllocladus aspleniifolius Celerytop Pine and Leptocophylla juniperina subsp. Juniperina Common Pinkberry.
7
4.
DISCUSSION
The Tarkine area of north west Tasmania is a mosaic of different vegetation communities that change depending on aspect, geology, fire history and human disturbance. Extensive areas of Nothofagus cunninghamii (myrtle beech) rainforest, the largest contiguous area of Gondwanan rainforest remaining in Australia, are interspersed with buttongrass plains and wet eucalypt forests. Each vegetation community, particularly the rainforests and wet eucalypt forests, supports a rich variety of fungal species. Because the Tarkine lies in the path of the ‘roaring forties’ and experiences rain throughout the year, fungal fruit bodies can appear in most months with the highest diversity observed in autumn and early winter. Tasmania’s myrtle beech rainforests have a low diversity of vascular plant species but are rich in fungi and other cryptogams (i.e. plants that reproduce by spores rather than seeds such as mosses, liverworts, lichens and ferns). Fungi are not only ecologically important but their rich variety of colours and shapes are an attractive and obvious feature of the forests. The sporadic and seasonal appearance of fungal fruits and the difficulty of studying specimens that deteriorate soon after collection have meant that the study of fungi in Australia has lagged behind the study of other organisms. Of the 250,000 species of macrofungi believed to occur in Australia only 10 - 20% have been scientifically described and named (Bougher & Syme 1998). Furthermore, many Australian species were ascribed names based on their superficial resemblance to northern hemisphere species. In the past several decades there has been growing interest in fungi and recent work, especially DNA studies, has determined that many of these species are different to their northern hemisphere counterparts. The distribution patterns of fungi and their taxonomy is currently the focus of much research. The main growing part of a fungus is composed of microscopic thread-like structures called hyphae that are usually unseen. Thus, while fungi are ever-present in the environment, certain factors stimulate the appearance of their reproductive structures (i.e. fruit bodies) and species do not necessarily appear every year. In some years, there may be a plethora of certain groups of fungi, while in other years these fungi may be absent. For example, in 2010 the prevailing conditions were favourable for the group of fungi known as boletes. (Boletes are fleshy fungi whose fertile surface is covered with pores rather than gills.) By contrast, in 2006, when a visiting Bolete specialist from the New York Botanic gardens, Roy Halling, visited the Tarkine, he found no boletes. (R. Halling pers. comm.) Given the unpredictable and sporadic nature of the appearance of fungal fruits, it will take many surveys over decades before a complete inventory of the fungi of the Tarkine will be compiled.
The underside of a bolete showing the pores: their spore-bearing structures 4.1.
Ecological Roles of Fungi
As well as being attractive and colourful, fungi play extremely important ecological roles in the environment. Saprotrophic fungi are, along with invertebrates, the principal decomposers in the environment. With their powerful enzymes they break down organic material such as fallen leaves, small branches, logs and dead animals. In so doing they unlock the nutrients such as carbon and nitrogen in this material and make it available to other organisms. 95% of plant species have a symbiotic (mutually beneficial) relationship with mycorrhizal fungi where an exchange of nutrients takes place though contact between the fungi and the plants’ roots. These associations are important to the health of native plants and ecosystems, especially in Australia’s impoverished soils. Parasitic fungi obtain nutrients from living plants and animals, sometimes killing their hosts in the process. Parasites weed out the weaker members of a group and are therefore a normal and important component of any ecological system.
4.2
The fungi survey
From 24th until 26th April 2010 preliminary surveys of macrofungi were conducted by Ron Nagorcka and Sarah Lloyd at Wombat Flat, Magnet, Philosopher Falls and Corinna. From 27th April until 29th April 2010 further surveys were conducted at the Whyte River walk at Corinna, Philosopher Falls, west of Waratah and McGowans Falls west of Takone. All species observed while walking along the well made tracks were listed with the following proviso:
8
In many cases the identification of fungi can only be determined by examination of spores and other microscopic features. Thus, the identification of fungal fruits that could not be identified in the field based on their macro characteristics was beyond the scope of this survey. Only those species that have been scientifically named and could be identified based on their field characteristics were listed and mapped. All species that were identified are listed in appendix 1. Fungimap target species were noted and all information will be forwarded to Fungimap Inc for inclusion with their records
4.3
Distribution of fungi
Many species of fungi are common and have a worldwide distribution; others are restricted to certain habitats or are found only in association with particular plant species. Some fungal species have a Gondwanan distribution, reflecting Australia’s past connection with South America, New Zealand, India, New Guinea and New Caledonia. There are several fungal species that grow only in association with myrtle-beech.
4.4
Fungi with a Gondwanan distribution
Aurantioporus pulcherrimus (strawberry bracket fungus) is a large bright red fungus that, in Australia, grows on the trunks of myrtle beech and snow gums. It is also known from New Zealand and southern Brazil. Cytarria gunnii (beech orange) is a parasitic fungus that forms galls on Nothofagus cunninghamii. Other Nothofagus species in Australia, New Zealand and South America have associated Cytarria species. Galls were observed during the 2010 survey. However, as fresh fruit bodies only appear during spring and summer they were not observed during the survey. Mycena interrupta (‘Pixies parasol’) grows on logs and branches in South-east Australia, New Zealand and Chile. Mycena austrororida (Austral dripping bonnet) is characterised by an accumulation of glutinous material at the base of its stem. It has been recorded from New Zealand, Argentina and Chile. (Grgurinovic 2003) Plectania campylospora (Forest cup) is found in Australia, New Zealand and southern Asian including Sri Lanka. Podoserpula pusio (pagoda fungus) is found in east and west Australia, New Zealand and Venezuela. (http://www.anbg.gov.au/fungi/mycogeography-distant.html) Ryvardenia campyla is a polypore often found on stumps. It is characterised by exuding water droplets. Several species of Cortinarius (formerly known as Rozites) with a distinctive annulus were observed including C. metallicus, the unpleasant smelling C. foetens and C. armeniacovelata. These Cortinarius spp. are believed to have co-evolved with Gondwanan plants such as Nothofagus. (Bougher & Syme; http://www.anbg.gov.au/fungi/mycogeography-australia.html)
4.5
Further species associated with Nothofagus
Mycena toyerlaricola is a small red mushroom that grows in leaf litter on the forest floor. ‘Toyeyerlare’ is a northern Tasmanian Aboriginal word for myrtle beech. (Grgurinovic 2003) Laccaria species A is a large mushroom that grows only in myrtle-beech forests. Like other Laccaria spp it is mycorrhizal.
Aurantioporus pulcherrimus
Ryvardenia campyla
9
Cyttaria gunnii (beech orange)
Plectania campylospora
Mycena austrororida
Cortinarius metallicus
Podoserpula pusio (Pagoda fungus)
Cortinarius foetens
10
Mycena interrupta
Cortinarius armeniacovelata
Mycena toyerlaricola
4.6
Hericium corraloides
Laccaria species A
Some conspicuous and noteworthy groups
Amanita spp. are mycorrhizal. They usually have a distinctive volva and annulus (ring) on the stipe. The genus Mycena is a large group of small saprotrophic fungi that are often abundant on rotting logs, small branches and leaf litter. One of the tallest of the genus is M. cystidiosa that grows on the forest floor, often in association with masses of white, hair-like threads called rhizomorphs. Mycena aff. epipterygia is a yellow/green fungus with a faint cucumber odour common on logs and litter. Bright red Mycena viscidocruenta ‘ruby bonnets’ inhabits the litter on the forest floor. Mycena kuurkacea is a common red mycena that is often seen on mossy logs. Its name ‘kuurkacea’ is derived from ‘kuur’ which means blood in the Aboriginal language of the western district of Victoria. The name alludes to the red liquid that exudes from the broken stem. Hygrocybe species are small to medium sized fungi that grow mostly on the ground. They come in a range of bright colours including red, green, yellow and pink. They often have a watery appearance. Boletes were seen in abundance during the 2010 surveys. Boletes are large fleshy fungi that have pores rather than gills on their fertile surface. (see also page 7) Other eyecatching fungi include the corals, discs, jellys, toothed fungi and puffballs.
4.7
Myxomycetes (Slime Moulds)
Slime moulds have similarities to fungi but are now placed in their own kingdam : the Protoctista. Several slime moulds were seen during the survey in the Tarkine. Like fungi, many slime moulds require microscopic examination to determine species.
Amanita sp.
Amanita punctata
11
Amanita sp.
Mycena epipterygia
Mycena viscidocruenta
Mycena sp.
Mycena kuurkacea
Mycena nargan
Mycena cystidiosa
Hygrocybe sp
Mycena vinacea
Hygrocybe cheelii
12
5
THREATS TO FUNGAL DIVERSITY IN THE TARKINE
The cool temperate rainforest of the Tarkine is the largest contiguous area of Nothofagus cunninghamii rainforest remaining in Australia. Many fungal species can only persist in climatic conditions favourable to Nothofagus or are obligate associates. If fungal diversity is to be maintained it is imperative that threats such as fungal weeds, forest fragmentation, wildfire and pathogens be managed.
5.1
Amanita Muscaria (Fly Agaric): A fungal weed
Amanita muscaria is a common, widespread and well known fungus. It is a northern hemisphere species that grows in association with exotic trees including Beech (Fagus sp.) and pines (Pinus radiata).
Anthracophyllum archeri
Marasmius sp.
Ascocoryne sarcoides
Mycoacia subceracea
Tremella mesenterica
Lanzia lanaripes
13
Ceratiomyxa fruticulosa (slime mould)
Leotia lubrica
Disc Fungus
Hygrocybe astatogala
Boletellus obscurecoccineus
Clavaria alboglobospora
Hygrocybe lewellinae
Bolete sp.
Clavaria amoenia
14
Hygrocybe lilaceolamellata
Austroboletus novaezelandiae
Artomyces austropiperatus
Amanita muscaria is a mycorrhizal fungus. It is known to be invading forests of Nothofagus in New Zealand and Australia and there is concern that this large vigorous fungus will displace native mycorrhizal species. Mycologist Dr Teresa Lebel from the Royal Botanic Gardens, Melbourne has been making annual visits to the Tarkine to track the spread of this fungal weed, particularly where visitor numbers are high such as at Philosopher Falls. The new track through the rainforest is a cause for concern. The fungus currently dominates the road to the Philosopher Falls car park. Work conducted by Dr Lebel in May 2010 indicates that it has not yet spread into the main area of myrtle-beech down the walking track to Philosopher Falls. (Dr Teresa Lebel pers. comm.)
5.2
Forest Fragmentation
Roading for either tourism or resource extraction (e.g. forestry or mining) that cut through the rainforest change the microclimate in the immediate area of the road. Such roads can become conduits to introduced pathogens and fungal weeds such as Amanita muscaria mentioned above. They increase visitor numbers to the area, thereby increasing the risk of wildfire.
5.3
Wildfire and Disease
Increased visitor numbers may increase the risk of wildfires. Fires have the potential to wipe out forests of N. cunninghamii as it does not regenerate readily after fire. N cunninghamii is highly susceptible to insect and fungal attack, which can result in the death of trees. It is particularly vulnerable to the fungal pathogen Chalara australis, a fatal disease that causes trees to become susceptible to attack by the mountain pinhole borer Platypus sp. The fungal spores of C. australis are normally wind-dispersed but human activity has increased the incident of the disease above the natural background levels in undisturbed forest. Most new sites of infection possibly result from stem and branch wounds caused by human activities. (http://www.dpiw.tas.gov.au/inter.nsf/Attachments/LJEM-7CV742/$FILE/Nothofagus%20cunninghamii%20Notesheet.pdf. Viewed 4/6/2010)
6
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
The cool temperate rainforest of the Tarkine area of northwest Tasmania is the largest contiguous area of Nothofagus cunninghamii rainforest remaining in Australia. Smaller patches of rainforest persist in other parts of Tasmania such as in the northeast highlands and in the south of the island where conditions are favourable. Many of the fungi found in the rainforests are yet to be scientifically described and named. While there is a growing awareness of the ecological importance of fungi, they have been mostly overlooked and are not included in conservation planning. It is not known if the conservation of vegetation communities are good surrogates for the conservation of fungi. In Victoria small remnants of rainforest persist in the wetter areas adjacent to rivers and creeks. These patches continue to be fragmented and threatened by wildfire. With the warmer climate and more frequent prolonged droughts it is feared that these areas may not survive beyond the next several decades. (Dr Tom May pers. comm.) A full inventory of the fungi that occur in the Tarkine will take decades or more to compile. It is recommended that further surveys be done by qualified mycologists.
Amanita muscaria
15
7
REFERENCES
Bougher, N l & Syme, K (1998) Fungi of Southern Australia, University of Western Australia Press, Nedlands. Field Naturalists Club of Victoria Fungi Group (2009) The Fungi CD Fuhrer, B & Robinson, R (1992) Rainforest fungi of Tasmania and south-east Austrlia. CSIRO, Melbourne. Fuhrer, B (2005) A Field Guide to Australian Fungi Bloomings Books Pty Ltd, Melbourne. Grgurinovic, C A (2002) The Genus Mycena in South-Eastern Australia, Fungal Diversity Press & the Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra. Harris S. & Kitchener A. (2005). From Forest to Fjaeldmark: Descriptions of Tasmania’s Vegetation. Department of Primary Industries, Water and Environment. Rudman T (2005). Interim Phytophthora cinnamomi. Management Guidelines. Nature Conservation Report 05/7, Biodiversity Conservation Branch, Department of Primary Industries, Water and Environment, Hobart. Tasmanian Vegetation Monitoring and Mapping Program (2009). TASVEG 2.0 Metadata. Release Date: 19th February 2009 Online: http://www.dpiw.tas.gov.au/inter.nsf/Attachments/LJEM-7TB8XH/$FILE/TASVEG%202.0%20Metadata%20and%20 Release%20Notes.pdf http://www.anbg.gov.au/fungi/mycogeography-australia.html (viewed 1.6.2010) http://www.dpiw.tas.gov.au/inter.nsf/Attachments/LJEM-7CV742/$FILE/Nothofagus%20cunninghamii%20Notesheet.pdf. Viewed 4/6/2010
Personal communication: Dr Tom May, senior mycologist at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Melbourne Dr Teresa Lebel, senior mycologist at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Melbourne Roy Halling, mycologist at the New York Botanic Gardens
Fungus on slime mould
16
Philosopher Falls
17
Agaricus (small)
x
Coral (purple/brown)
Agaricus sp. aff augustus
x
Cortinarius (deep purple)
Aleuria aurantia
x
Amanita (brown)
x x
Amanita aff umbrinella x
Amanita muscaria Amanita punctata
x
x
x
Cortinarius (red)
x
Antrodiella zonata
x
Cortinarius spp.
x
Craterellus cornucopiodes
x
Crepidotus (yellow)
x
Armillaria x
Cyptotrama aspratum Cystoderma amaranthinum
Artomyces austropiperatus
x
x
Cyttaria gunnii (not fruiting)
x
x
x
Discs (white)
x
Discs (yellow)
x
Aurantioporus pulcherrimus
x
x
Discs( green)
x
Austroboletus novaezelandiae
x
x
Entoloma (blue cap and stipe)
Austropaxillus infundibuliformis
x
Entoloma (blue)
Bisporella citrina
x
Entoloma (fawn cap, blue stipe)
x
Bolete (black cap/white stipe)
Entoloma (yellow)
x
Bolete (brown edge pink stipe)
Entoloma (dark blue)
x
x x
Flammulina velutipes
Bolete (brown)
x
Fomitopsis hemitephrum
Bolete (lilac stem with scales)
x
Galerina unicolor
Bolete (large purple)
x
Ganoderma applanatum
x
x
x
x
x x
x
x
x
x
x
Hapalopilus nidulans
Calocera sp.
x
Hericium coralloides
Campanella oliveonigra
x
Heterotextus miltinus
x
Hygrocybe (green)
x
Hygrocybe (yellow)
x
Hygrocybe astatogala
x
x
Hygrocybe chellii
x
x
Hygrocybe chlorolimonea
x
Hygrocybe coccinea
x
1 x
Clavaria alboglobospora Clavaria miniata
x
Clavicorona colensoi
x x
Clavulina cristata
x
Clitocybe (?clitocyboides) Collybia butyracea
x
Collybia eucalyptorum
x
x
x
x x x x x x x
Hygrocybe graminicolor
x
x
x
Hygrocybe lilaceolamellata
Hygrocybe lewellinae
x x
x
Hygrocybe mavis
x x
Coltricia cinnamomea
x
Hygrocybe miniata
Coral (white)
x
Hygrocybe (red)
18
x
x
Gymnopilus sp.
x
x x
x
Clavaria amoena
x
x
Geoglossum sp.
Bolete (orange cap)
Corinna x
x
Entoloma sp.
Bolete (pink)
Ceratiomyxa fruticulosa
Magnet Road
x
x
Castorea hypoxylon
x
Descolea recedens
x
Boletus obscurecoccineus
Wonbat Flat
x
Ascomycetes (grey & yellow discs)
Bolete (white)
Waratah
Philosopher Falls
x x
Ascomycetes (white discs)
Bolete (crimson cap/yellow pores)
x x
x
x x
Cuphocybe sp. x
x
x x
x
x
Ascocoryne sarcoides
x
Crepidotus variabilis
Armillaria novaezelandiae
Armillaria hinnulea
x
Cortinarius rotundisporus x
x
Cortinarius (purple)
Cortinarius lavendulensis
Anthracophyllum archeri Antrodiella zonata ? (White)
x
Cortinarius archeri
x
Amanita sp.
McGowans Falls
Fungi survey 2010 Corinna
Magnet Road
Wonbat Flat
Waratah
Philosopher Falls
Fungi survey 2010
McGowans Falls
Appendix 1
x
x
x
Hypholoma brunneum x
Omphalina chromacea
Hypholoma sublateritium
x
Panellus longinqua
x x
Pholiota malicola
Hypoxylon polymorpha
x
Piptoporus portentosus
Inocybe australiensis
x
Laccaria (Species A)
x
Laccaria masoniae Lachnum virgineum
x
x x
x
Postia lactea
x
x
x
Postia lactea
x
x
Pulveroboletus aff ravenelii
x
x
x
x
Ramariopsis crocea
Lanzipes lanaripes
x
Resupinate (mustard with spines) x
x x x
Rickenella fibula
x
Rigidoporus laetus
Lepiota haemorrhagica
x
Rozites foetens
x
x
Lepiota sp.
x
Rozites metallicus
x
x
x
x
Marasmius sp.
x
x
Mycena (tiny pink)
x
Russula (brown)
x
x x x
x
Russula (white)
x
Russula lenkunya
x
x
Russula persanguinea
x
x
x
Mycena albidocapillaris
x
Mycena austrororida
x
Mycena (brown)
x
Mycena carmeliana
x
x
Russula (purple cap/white stipe) x
x
x
x
x
x
Russula purpureoflava
x x
Ryvardenia campyla
x
Sirobasidium brefeldianum
x x x
x
x
Stereum ostrea
Mycena epipterygia
x
x
x
Stropharia aff semiglobata
Mycena interrupta
x
x
x
Stropharia formosa
x
Mycena kuurkacea
x
x
x
Toriendiella eucalypti
x
x
x
Trametes versicolor
x
Tremella fuciformis
Mycena nargan
x x
Mycena sp.
x
x
x x x x
x x
Tremella mesenterica
Mycena spp.
Trogia straminea
x x
x
Tubaria rufofulva
Mycena vinacea
x
x
Tyromyces merulinus
Mycena viscidocruenta
x
x
White discs on wood
x
Mycoacea subceracea
x
Xylaria polymorpha
x
Zelleromyces sp.
x
Mycena toyerlaricola
Neolentiporus
x
19
x
Steccherinum sp.
x
x
x
Stereum hirsutum
Mycena cystitiosa
Mycena mulawaestris
x
Russula (cream)
Marasmius elegans Mucronella pendula
x
Rozites (purple)
x
Marasmius ‘angina’
x
x
Laetoporus portentosis
x
Corinna x
x
Ramaria ochraceosalmonicolor
Marasmiellus affixus
Magnet Road
x
Postia
x
Lycoperdon pyriforme
Wonbat Flat
x
Podoserpula pusio
x
Lepiota sp. (reddish umbo)
Waratah
Philosopher Falls x
x
x
Leotia lubrica
x
x
x
Lactarius eucalypti
Lentinellus (brown)
x x
Podoscytha petaloides
x
Lactarius (brown)
x
Pluteus atromarginatus x
Laccaria canaliculata
x
Plectania campylospora
x
Laccaria (long stipe)
x
Panellus stipticus
Hypoxylon bovei Inocybe sp.
x
Neolentiporus maculitissimus
Hypholoma sp. Hypocrea rufa
McGowans Falls
Fungi survey 2010 Corinna
Magnet Road
Wonbat Flat
Waratah
Philosopher Falls
McGowans Falls
Fungi survey 2010
x
x x
Appendix 2 Corinna
Way point
Philosophers Falls
Way point
McGowan’s Falls
Way point
Trametes versicolor
1
Mycena interrupta
81 Rozites foetens
154
Hericium coralloides
2
Mycena epipterygia
82 Mycena interrupta
155
Entoloma (fawn cap, blue stipe)
3
Mycena toyerlaricola
83 Ramaria ochraceosalmonicolor
156
Hygrocybe (red)
4
Ganoderma applanatum
84 Pholiota malicola
157
Mycena kuurkacea
5
Clavaria amoena
85 Agaricus (small)
158
Mycena interrupta
6
Crepidotus variabilis
86 Mycena epipterygia
159
Marasmius sp.
7
Armillaria novaezelandiae
87 Discs (yellow)
160
Lactarius (brown)
8
Mycena (brown)
88 ?Mycena (tiny pink)
161
Lactarius eucalypti
9
Hygrocybe (green)
89 Mycena albidocapillaris
162
?Mycena (tiny pink)
10
Ryvardenia campyla
90 Armillaria hinnulea
163
Postia lactea
11
Austropaxillus infundibuliformis
91 Mycena kuurkacea
164
Cyptotrama aspratum
12
Russula persanguinea
92 Lepiota sp.
165
Clitocybe (?clitocyboides)
13
Hypholoma sublateritium
93 Gymnopilus sp.
166
Rigidoporus laetus
14
Aurantioporus pulcherrimus
94 Mycena viscidocruenta
167
Ceratiomyxa fruticulosa
15
Mycena austrororida
95 Lanzipes lanaripes
168
Bolete (pink)
16
Mycena mulawaestris
96 Marasmiellus affixus
169
Ganoderma sp.
17
Mycena sp.
97 Marasmius sp.
170
Ryvardenia campyla
18
Russula (purple cap/white stipe)
98 Hypocrea rufa
171
Discs white
19
Clavaria miniata
99 Laccaria ‘enormous’
172
Russula (white)
20
Bisporella citrina
100 Clavicorona colensoi
173
Descolea recedens
21
? Inocybe sp (Fuhrer 143)
101 Mycena nargan
174
Collybia eucalyptorum
22
Collybia eucalyptorum
102 Mycena sp.
175
Cortinarius (purple)
23
Hygrocybe astatogala
103 Collybia eucalyptorum
176
Morganella pyriforme
24
Rozites foetens
104 Entoloma (dark blue)
177
Hygrocybe lewellinae
25
Mycena cystidiosa
105 Toriendiella eucalypti
178
Cortinarius metallicus
26
Lepiota sp. (reddish umbo)
106 Mycena sp.
179
Hypoxylon polymorpha
27
Hypholoma sp.
107 Mycena toyerlaricola
180
Armillaria hinnulea
28
Postia sp.
108 Heterotextus miltinus
181
Armillaria novaezelandiae
29
Clavicorona piperata
109 Mycoacea subceracea
182
Russula (cream)
30
Stropharia aff semiglobata
110 Antrodiella zonata ? (white)
183
Bolete (white)
31
Cortinarius spp.
111 Crepidotus (yellow)
184
Bolete (large purple)
32
Armillaria hinnulea
112 Mucronella pendula
185
Panellus stipticus
33
Pluteus atromarginatus
113 Resupinate (mustard spines)
186
Russula persanguinea
34
Coral (white)
114 Lachnum virgineum
187
Clavaria miniata
35
Hygrocybe chlorolimonea
115 Mycena vinacea
188
Cortinarius metallicus
36
Discs grey & yellow
116 Tubaria rufofulva
189
Craterellus cornucopiodes
37
Lycoperdon pyriforme
117 Russula (brown)
190
Cortinarius sp.
38
Hygrocybe miniata
118 Lepiota haemorrhagica
191
Stereum ostrea
39
Laetoporus portentosis
119 Amanita punctata
192
Mycena mulawaestris
40
Laccaria masoniae
120 Tremella fuciformis
193
Hygrocybe graminicolor
41
Hygrocybe coccinea
121 Cortinarius (red)
194
Hygrocybe chellii
42
Piptoporus portentosus
122 Cortinarius lavendulensis
195
Mycena nargan
43
Bolete (brown)
123 Stereum ostrea
196
Podoserpula pusio
44
Mycena albidocapillaris
124 Boletus obscureococcineus
197
Toriendiella eucalypti
45
Coltricia cinnamomea
125 Clavaria miniata
198
Hygrocybe lilaceolamellata
46
White discs on wood
126 Trogia straminea
199
Hypholoma brunneum
47
Entoloma (fawn cap, blue stipe)
127 Podoserpula pusio
200
Clavaria amoena
48
Laccaria canaliculata
128 Ganoderma sp.
201
Cuphocybe sp.
49
Laccaria (long stipe)
129 Hygrocybe (red)
202
20
Artomyces austropiperatus
50
Rozites metallicus
130 Hygrocybe lewellinae
203
Austroboletus novaezelandiae
51
Russula lenkunya
131 Hygrocybe graminicolor
204
Laccaria (long stipe)
52
Russula purpureoflava
132 Collybia butyracea
205
Boletus obscureococcineus
53
Austroboletus novaezelandiae
133 Flammulina velutipes
206
Marasmius elegans
54
Postia lactea
134 Discs white
207
Mycena viscidocruenta
55
Amanita (brown)
135 Lactarius eucalypti
208
Calocera sp.
56
Amanita sp.
136 Ryvardenia campyla
209
Tremella mesenterica
57
Crepidotus (yellow)
137 Discs green
210
Mucronella pendula
58
Aleuria aurantia
138 Ascocoryne sarcoides
211
Amanita sp.
59
Castorea polymorpha
139 Sirobasidium brefeldianum
212
Campanella oliveonigra
60
Lactarius eucalypti
140 Entoloma (yellow)
213
Aurantioporus pulcherrimus
61
Entoloma (dark blue)
141 Cortinarius (purple)
214
Pluteus atromarginatus
62
Hygrocybe mavis
142 Bolete (brown)
215
Piptoporus portentosus
63
Bolete (white)
143 CAstorea hypoxylon
216
Austropaxillus infundibuliformis
64
Laccaria (Species A)
144 Bolete (orange cap)
217
Clavulina cristata
65
Hapalopilus nidulans
145 Coral (purple/brown)
218
Annulohypoxylon bovei
66
Lentinellus (brown)
146 Entoloma (fawn cap, blue stipe)
219
Bolete (black cap/white stipe)
67
Gymnopilus sp.
147 Leotia lubrica
220
Bolete (lilac stem with scales)
68
Pholiota malicola
148 Inocybe australiensis
221
Cortinarius violaceus group
69
Lactarius (brown)
149
Agaricus sp. aff augustus
70
Mycena carmeliana
150
Russula lenkunya
71
Panellus longinqua
151
Amanita aff umbrinella
72
Amanita muscaria
152
Cortinarius archeri
73
Flammulina velutipes
153
Mycena epipterygia
74
Neolentiporus maculitissimus
75
Agaricus (small)
76
Bolete (crimson cap/yellow pores)
77
Neolentiporus maculitissimus
78
Mycena toyerlaricola
79
Pulveroboletus aff ravenelii
80
21
Appendix 3 Fungi survey 2006 Amanita grey brunneum group
Corinna
4/24/06
Amanita ochrophylla
Corinna
4/24/06
Armillaria novae-zeelandiae
Corinna
4/24/06
Austropaxillus
Corinna
4/24/06
Clavicorona piperata
Corinna
4/24/06
Clavulina amoena
Corinna
4/24/06
Clavulina miniata
Corinna
4/24/06
Cortinarius myxacium (lilac gills, brown top)
Corinna
4/24/06
Cyptotrama aspratum
Corinna
4/24/06
Entoloma (Blue/brown cap; blue stipe)
Corinna
4/24/06
Entoloma (brown)
Corinna
4/24/06
Entoloma (brown zoned)
Corinna
4/24/06
Galerina
Corinna
4/24/06
Grey corticoid
Corinna
4/24/06
Gymnopilus (tiny)
Corinna
4/24/06
Gymnopus
Corinna
4/24/06
Hygrocybe (bright red)
Corinna
4/24/06
Hygrocybe lewellinae
Corinna
4/24/06
Hygrocybe (yellow)
Corinna
4/24/06
Hypholoma (cream - yellow gills)
Corinna
4/24/06
Hypoxylon sp.
Corinna
4/24/06
Laccaria lateritia
Corinna
4/24/06
Lycoperdon sp.
Corinna
4/24/06
Marasmius crinis equi
Corinna
4/24/06
Marasmius elegans
Corinna
4/24/06
Mycena austrororida
Corinna
4/24/06
Mycena (black zoned)
Corinna
4/24/06
Mycena (Brown)
Corinna
4/24/06
Mycena cystidiosa
Corinna
4/24/06
Mycena epipterygia
Corinna
4/24/06
Mycena interrupta
Corinna
4/24/06
Mycena kuurkacea
Corinna
4/24/06
Mycena (radish pink)
Corinna
4/24/06
Mycena (tiny white sub cap group)
Corinna
4/24/06
Orange bracket soft
Corinna
4/24/06
Panellus stipticus
Corinna
4/24/06
Pluteus atromarginatus
Corinna
4/24/06
Russula aff nigricans
Corinna
4/24/06
Russula (all white yellow tint on cap)
Corinna
4/24/06
Russula (purple pileus, pink stipe)
Corinna
4/24/06
Ryvardenia campyla
Corinna
4/24/06
Stereum illudens
Corinna
4/24/06
Stereum ostrea
Corinna
4/24/06
Trametes versicolor
Corinna
4/24/06
Amanita muscaria
Philosopher Falls
April 2006
Arantioporus pulcherrimus
Philosopher Falls
April 2006
Armillaria
Philosopher Falls
April 2006
Armillaria
Philosopher Falls
April 2006
22
Fungi survey 2006 Armillaria novae- zeelandiae
Philosopher Falls
April 2006
Ascocoryne sarcoides
Philosopher Falls
April 2006
Austropaxillus infundibuliformis group
Philosopher Falls
April 2006
Calostoma rodwayi
Philosopher Falls
April 2006
Cantherellus (pinkish/orange)
Philosopher Falls
April 2006
Clavaria amoena
Philosopher Falls
April 2006
Clavaria miniata
Philosopher Falls
April 2006
Clavaria miniata
Philosopher Falls
April 2006
Clavulina cristata group
Philosopher Falls
April 2006
Cortinarius myxacea group (white stem, lilac tint in cap)
Philosopher Falls
April 2006
Cortinarius small mycenoid (brown)
Philosopher Falls
April 2006
Cortinarius cuphocybe
Philosopher Falls
April 2006
Crepidotus
Philosopher Falls
April 2006
Crepidotus
Philosopher Falls
April 2006
Cystaderma muscicola
Philosopher Falls
April 2006
Dermocybe (mustard, bright yellow stipe, yellow/ orange brown gills)
Philosopher Falls
April 2006
Dermocybe (purple/brown)
Philosopher Falls
April 2006
Descolea phebifora
Philosopher Falls
April 2006
Descomyces
Philosopher Falls
April 2006
Entoloma (creamy white)
Philosopher Falls
April 2006
Entoloma (green)
Philosopher Falls
April 2006
Entoloma (light brown)
Philosopher Falls
April 2006
Fomes hemitephrus
Philosopher Falls
April 2006
Hebeloma
Philosopher Falls
April 2006
Hygrocybe astotogala
Philosopher Falls
April 2006
Hypholoma (apricot form)
Philosopher Falls
April 2006
Hypholoma brunneum
Philosopher Falls
April 2006
Hypholoma brunneum
Philosopher Falls
April 2006
Hypholoma fasciculare
Philosopher Falls
April 2006
Hypoxylon archeri group
Philosopher Falls
April 2006
Inocybe (dark brown shaggy cap)
Philosopher Falls
April 2006
Inocybe scissa
Philosopher Falls
April 2006
Laccaria
Philosopher Falls
April 2006
Laccaria enormous
Philosopher Falls
April 2006
Laccaria (Species E)
Philosopher Falls
April 2006
Leotia lubrica
Philosopher Falls
April 2006
Marasmius angina
Philosopher Falls
April 2006
Marasmius sp.
Philosopher Falls
April 2006
Melanotus hepatochrous
Philosopher Falls
April 2006
Mycena austrofilopes
Philosopher Falls
April 2006
Mycena austrorodia
Philosopher Falls
April 2006
Mycena epipterygia group
Philosopher Falls
April 2006
Mycena hispida
Philosopher Falls
April 2006
Mycena interrupta
Philosopher Falls
April 2006
Mycena sanguinolenta group
Philosopher Falls
April 2006
Mycena toyerlaricola
Philosopher Falls
April 2006
23
Appendix 3 (cont.) Fungi survey 2006 Mycena viscidocruenta
Philosopher Falls
April 2006
Orange bracket
Philosopher Falls
April 2006
Panellus longinquus
Philosopher Falls
April 2006
Pholiota multicingulata
Philosopher Falls
April 2006
Rhodocybe
Philosopher Falls
April 2006
Rigidoporus rigida
Philosopher Falls
April 2006
Russula purpureoflava
Philosopher Falls
April 2006
Ryvardenia campyla
Philosopher Falls
April 2006
Sebacina (flat jelly fungus)
Philosopher Falls
April 2006
Sirobasidium brefeldianum
Philosopher Falls
April 2006
Trametes
Philosopher Falls
April 2006
Yellow disc on old fern
Philosopher Falls
April 2006
Appendix 4 Philosopher Falls 2005 Hygrocybe graminicolor
Philosopher Falls
Dermocybe sp.
Philosopher Falls
Cortinarius sp.
Philosopher Falls
Cortinarius sp.
Philosopher Falls
Craterellus cornucopioides
Philosopher Falls
?Hygrocybe sp.
Philosopher Falls
Cortinarius sp.
Philosopher Falls
Cortinarius sp.
Philosopher Falls
Inocybe sp.
Philosopher Falls
Inocybe sp.
Philosopher Falls
Laccaria canaliculata
Philosopher Falls
Polyporaceae sp.
Philosopher Falls
Leucopaxillus eucalyptorum
Philosopher Falls
Cortinarius sp.
Philosopher Falls
Cortinarius sp.
Philosopher Falls
Cheimonophyllum candidissimum
Philosopher Falls
Conchomyces bursiformis
Philosopher Falls
24
TARKINE BIRD SURVEY by Sarah Lloyd 999 Denmans Road, Birralee 7303 sarahlloyd@iprimus.com.au
June 2010
Pink Robin
25
Spring and summer are the most productive seasons for conducting bird surveys. This is because birds are easier to detect during the breeding season when they are most vocal and active. In addition, migratory species that return to the Australian mainland for winter are in Tasmania during this time. Thus, autumn, which is the peak season for the appearance of fungal fruit bodies, is not an ideal time for conducting bird surveys. Bird surveys have been done previously in the Tarkine by Sarah Lloyd. A list of the species observed during comprehensive surveys conducted at various locations in the Tarkine in 2003 & 2004 is included at the end of this report (Lloyd 2004). Below is a description of the various forest habitats in the Tarkine and the birds that are commonly found in these habitats.
Pink Robin (female)
Myrtle beech rainforests have a depauperate bird fauna because they provide few resources for birds. The species that are commonly seen in the rainforest include Yellow-tailed Blackcockatoo, Bassian Thrush, Pink Robin and Olive Whistler and endemic species including the Scrubtit, Tasmanian Thornbill, Tasmanian Scrubwren and Green Rosella.
A higher number of bird species occur in the wet eucalypt forests, especially those that have a diverse understorey with flowering plants such as waratah (Telopea truncata). Nectarfeeding honeyeaters such as the Crescent Honeyeater and Eastern Spinebill are found in these forests as is a group of endemic honeyeaters that are primarily insectivorous. They include the Yellow-throated, Black-headed and Strong-billed Honeyeater and the largest honeyeater in Australia, the Yellow Wattlebird. These birds are usually found in association with Eucalyptus spp. where they forage for insects and other invertebrates on the branches or trunks and in the foliage. Other insectivorous birds that are usually absent from pure stands of Nothofagus forest but are found in association with Eucalyptus spp are the Grey Shrike-thrush and Golden Whistler. Three additional endemic species that are frequently encountered in the Tarkine include the Black Currawong, Tasmanian Native-hen and Dusky Robin. REFERENCES: Green, R.H. (1995) The fauna of Tasmania: birds. Potoroo Publishing, Launceston Lloyd, S.J. (2004) Rhythms of the Tarkine: a natural history adventure. Lloyd, Birralee Ridpath, MG & Moreau, RE (1965) The birds of Tasmania: ecology and evolution. Ibis Vol 108, No 3, pp. 348-393.
Tasmanian Scrubwren
Scrubtit
26
Yellow-throated Honeyeater
Black Currawong
Bassian Thrush
Dusky Robin
Black-headed Honeyeater
27
Philosopher Falls
Wombat Flat
Tiger Bend
Milkshake Hills
Hellyer Gorge
Magnet
Corinna
Walk to Balfour
Balfour campsite
Lake Chisholm
Sumac
King’s Run
Tarkine bird surveys 2003 & 2004 Non-passerines Brown Quail
* *
Black Swan
*
Australian Wood Duck Pacific Black Duck
*
Chestnut Teal
*
* *
Australasian Grebe Little Penguin
*
Albatross sp
*
Australasian Gannet
*
Little Pied Cormorant
*
Great Cormorant
*
Australian Pelican
*
White-faced Heron
*
White-bellied Sea-Eagle
*
Swamp Harrier
*
Brown Falcon
*
Australian Hobby
*
* *
* *
Brown Goshawk *
Grey Goshawk Wedge-tailed Eagle
*
Tasmanian Native-hen (e)
*
Pied Oystercatcher
*
Sooty Oystercatcher
*
Ruddy Turnstone
*
Red-capped Plover
*
Hooded Plover
*
Masked Lapwing
*
Pacific Gull
*
Silver Gull
*
*
*
*
*
Brush Bronzewing Yellow-tailed Black-Cockatoo
*
*
*
*
*
*
Ground Parrot Swift Parrot (be)
*
*
*
Green Rosella (e)
*
*
*
*
Blue-winged Parrot
*
*
*
*
Pallid Cuckoo
*
Fantailed Cuckoo
*
Horsfield’s Bronze-Cuckoo
*
Shining Bronze-Cuckoo
*
Southern Boobook
*
*
Sulphur-crested Cockatoo
* * *
*
*
*
* * * *
*
* *
*
* *
* *
Australian Owlet-nightjar
28
*
*
Philosopher Falls
Wombat Flat
*
Tawny Frogmouth White-throated Needletail
Tiger Bend
Milkshake Hills
Hellyer Gorge
Magnet
Corinna
Walk to Balfour
Balfour campsite
Lake Chisholm
Sumac
King’s Run
Tarkine bird surveys 2003 & 2004
100
* *
Laughing Kookaburra (i)
* *
*
*
Passerines Superb Fairy-wren
*
Southern Emu-wren
*
Striated Pardalote Tasmanian Scrubwren (e)
*
Scrubtit (e)
*
* *
*
*
*
*
*
Striated Fieldwren
*
Brown Thornbill
*
Tasmanian Thornbill (e)
*
*
Yellow-throated Honeyeater (e)
*
*
*
*
*
*
* *
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
* * * *
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
New Holland Honeyeater
*
Tawny-crowned Honeyeater
*
Eastern Spinebill
*
*
*
*
*
White-fronted Chat
* *
*
*
*
* *
*
*
*
Olive Whistler
*
*
*
Golden Whistler
*
*
*
Grey Shrike-thrush
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
* *
*
*
*
*
*
* *
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
* *
*
*
*
*
Dusky Robin (e)
*
*
Black-headed Honeyeater (e)
Flame Robin
*
*
Crescent Honeyeater
Pink Robin
* *
*
*
Strong-billed Honeyeater (e)
*
*
*
*
*
*
Satin Flycatcher Grey Fantail
*
Black-faced Cuckoo-shrike
*
*
*
Grey Butcherbird
*
*
Black Currawong (e)
*
Forest Raven
*
Richard’s Pipit
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
* *
*
*
*
* *
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
* *
Beautiful Firetail Welcome Swallow
*
*
Tree Martin
*
Silvereye
*
*
Bassian Thrush
*
*
Common Blackbird (i)
*
*
Common Starling (i)
*
*
* *
*
(e) = endemic (be) breeding endemic (i) introduced
Source: Lloyd, SJ, (2004) Rhythms of the Tarkine: a natural history adventure. Lloyd, Birralee
29
Eastern Spinebill (juvenile)
30
Site 1: Corinna
Site 2: Philosopher Falls
Site 3a: McGowans Falls (west)
Site 3b: McGowans Falls (East)