Portland State Vanguard by Portland State Vanguard

PORTLAND STATE VANGUARD

Volume 70 | Issue 25 | February 16, 2016

Despite Tragedy, Community Prevails

News Opinion Arts & Culture International

FED FUNDS FIGHT SEXUAL ASSAULT p. 4 I DON’T LISTEN TO MY PARENTS p. 7 PSU STUDENT GETS PUBLISHED p. 11 DRONES DO IT BETTER p. 14

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K AT I E H O L M E S

“A N

LUKE KIRBY

I M P O R TA N T, I N C R E D I B LY

P O W E R F U L F I L M” .

Bill Zwecker, Chicago Sun-Times

“P A U L D A L I O ’ S S C R I P T A N D D I R E C T I O N , A N D T H E

M A R V E L O U S LY E V O C AT I V E S C O R E H E C O M P O S E D

FOR THE FILM AS WELL, ARE ALL OF A CALIBER THAT EASILY TAKES U S F A R B E Y O N D M O V I E - O F - T H E - W E E K T E R R I T O R Y.

G O

S E E

F O R

Y O U R S E L F.” -Ben Dickinson, ELLE

ATIE HOLMES GIVES A POWERFUL P E R F O R M A N C E I N A F I L M T H AT ’ S A N EXAMINATION OF WHAT REALLY SPURS CREATIVITY.”

“K

-Carly Metz, Nylon

“

★★ ★ ★

”

“

-Mark Saldana, True View Reviews

★ ★ ★ ★”

-Marlon Wallace, WBOC TV 16

SPIKE LEE

A FILM BY

PRESENTS

PAUL DALIO

I N T H E AT E R S F E B R U A R Y 1 9

CHECK LOCAL LISTINGS FOR THEATERS AND SHOWTIMES

TOUCHED WITH FIRE

NEWS

OPINION

COVER

ARTS & CULTURE

ETCETERA

INTERNATIONAL

CONTENT Black Lives Founders members Patrisse Cullors (left), Alicia Garza and Opal Tometi have helped bring about a new phase in social justice through social media community building and direct action. Garza and Tometi speak on race relations at the Stott Center on Feb. 16. Doors open at 6 p.m. (tickets are sold out), live-streaming begins at 7 p.m. This event is presented by the PSU Office of Global Diversity and Inclusion.

COVER AND MASTHEAD PHOTO 2 BY SILVIA CARDULLO, MASTHEAD PHOTO COURTESY OF UCOMM

Editor’s note: In last weeks issue, article, “Netflix & Chill” was accredited to contributor Turner Lobey. The correct author is Sarah Mustafa. EDITOR-IN-CHIEF EDITOR@PSUVANGUARD.COM Colleen Leary

MANAGING EDITOR MANAGINGEDITOR@PSUVANGUARD.COM Tim Sullivan

NEWS EDITOR NEWS@PSUVANGUARD.COM Jeoffry Ray

ARTS & CULTURE EDITOR ARTS@PSUVANGUARD.COM Aislinn Renninson

OPINION EDITOR OPINION@PSUVANGUARD.COM Brie Barbee

INTERNATIONAL EDITOR INTERNATIONAL@PSUVANGUARD.COM Molly Ozier

ASSOCIATE NEWS EDITOR ASSOCIATENEWS@PSUVANGUARD.COM Ellie Bradley

PRODUCTION MANAGER PRODUCTION@PSUVANGUARD.COM Nimi Einstein

COPY EDITORS

Alexis Woodcock Cora Wigen Kelly Doherty

MARKETING & DISTRIBUTION MANAGER Turner Lobey

ADVERTISING MANAGER NEUB@PDX.EDU

Stuart Neuberger

ADVERTISING DESIGNER Sam Hicks

ADVISER

Reaz Mahmood

ADVERTISING ADVISER Ann Roman

DESIGNERS

Terra DeHart Elise Furlan Rachel Goldstein Shannon Kidd Peter Le

CONTRIBUTORS

Maeko Bradshaw

Kathryn Bouchate, Catherine Johnson, Jennee Martinez, Sarah Mustafa, John Pinney, Yesenia Ramos, Ellena Rosenthal, Adriana Stein, Christopher Trotchie

ONLINE EDITOR

ADVERTISING SALES

PHOTO EDITOR PHOTO@PSUVANGUARD.COM Silvia Cardullo

COPY CHIEF COPY@PSUVANGUARD.COM

ONLINE@PSUVANGUARD.COM Andrew Fleming

Community members gather at the Northeast Portland corner where Police shot Keaton Otis on May 12, 2010. At monthly vigils, attendees share stories and discuss strategies in ongoing efforts at police reform.

Eva Spencer Becca Propper Dennis Caceres Kayla Clemens

The Vanguard is published weekly as an independent student newspaper governed by the PSU Student Media Board. Views and editorial content expressed herein are those of the staff, contributors and readers and do not necessarily represent those of the PSU student body, faculty, staff or administration. One copy of the Vanguard is provided free of charge to all community members; additional copies or subscription issues may incur a 25 cent charge. The Vanguard is printed on 40 percent post-consumer recycled paper.

VANGUARD • FEBRUARY 16, 2016 • PSUVANGUARD.COM

NEWS

$750,000 AWARDED FOR SEXUAL ASSAULT PREVENTION PSU PSYCHOLOGY PROFESSOR TO LEAD EFFORT TOWARD PROACTIVE STANCE AGAINST SEXUAL ASSAULT ON COLLEGE CAMPUSES ELLENA ROSENTHAL

Portland State has been awarded a $750,000 grant to create a model for sexual assault prevention on college campuses. The grant is funded by the Department of Justice Sex Offender Sentencing, Monitoring, Apprehending, Registering and Tracking office, and was awarded to PSU psychology professor Keith Kaufman. “Earlier in my career we had taken a look at issues relating to child sexual abuse, and it’s only been more recently that we’ve had opportunities to look at active strategies to prevent abuse,” Kaufman said. Kaufman has been studying sexual assault and violence for over 30 years, and has been interested in figuring out the key factors in preventing sexual assault and violence before it occurs. This is one reason Kaufman finds this particular grant exciting–SMART specifically requested proposals from investigators who would develop a preventionbased program that would address situational factors of sexual assault. This is exactly what Kaufman is doing. “What this grant is intended to do is to look at student safety risks related to environments, situations, and policies and the interplay between these areas and individual risk factors,” Kaufman said. Situational factors include dark and isolated environments on college campuses, risky situations that could involve unmonitored alcohol intake, and the absence of community policies that may help prevent risky situations from occurring.

In three years, Kaufman intends to have a preventive approach to sexual assault on college campuses in the form of a manual that can then be used by any university. The funded project will develop a prevention model with help from eight college campuses. The campuses include PSU, Portland Community College, Linfield College, Pennsylvania State University, Johns Hopkins University, Catholic University of America, Fairleigh Dickinson University and Northern Virginia Community College. On each of the eight college campuses, Kaufman and his co-investigator, Sarah McMahon of Rutgers University, will work with university programs or units, along with campus safety and community stakeholders, to develop the Campus Situational Prevention Approach. Kaufman and McMahon will focus on six programs or units at each campus, including housing, Greek organizations, diversity groups and programs responsible for children. The funds from the grant will be used to develop a fourstep prevention process. This process involves: (1) identifying risks; (2) identifying practical and effective solutions; (3) prioritizing those solutions; and (4) developing implementation plans and taking actions. As the co-investigator, McMahon is excited to have the opportunity to be involved in the translation of Kaufman’s successful child sexual abuse prevention model to college campuses. “I believe one of the key aspects of good prevention work is to tailor efforts to particular communities, and Kaufman’s

model allows this work to be very specific and responsible to the needs of each campus,” McMahon said. Kaufman and McMahon are including small, large, private and public universities and colleges because campuses in each category are very different. “Some are very self-contained, some are integrated into community, and that’s the important thing about the four-step process, it allows for tailoring the approach to the campuses’ particular needs,” Kaufman said. The implementation of the CSP approach will be split up into two phases. The first phase of the project will involve three campuses: PSU, PCC and JHU. In this phase, Kaufman will work with units on each of these three campuses to tailor the CSP approach to the culture and practices of colleges and universities. In the second phase, the implementation manual for the approach, developed in the first phase, will be handed off to the five remaining campuses for their independent implementation. Representatives from the campuses will then provide feedback on how the approach worked on their particular campus, and their suggestions will aim to further strengthen this prevention approach. The second phase campuses will include Penn State, FDU, CUA, Linfield College and NVCC. “One of the things I like is it’s a grass roots process,” Kaufman said. “[This approach] ensures that students’ voices are a part of asking key prevention ques-

VANGUARD • FEBRUARY 16, 2016 • PSUVANGUARD.COM

tions, like what are the risks that we need to worry about, and what are solutions that would be effective.” On each of the eight campuses, many different facets of the campus community will be involved in the program development process. For each of the participating campus programs or units, a work group will be formed to guide the first two steps (e.g., risk brainstorming and solution development) of the four-step CSP approach process. The work groups will include a program or unit ad-

ministrator, staff and faculty, a diversity representative, campus safety representation and between two to four students. More student input may be given in the form of online surveys or online bulletin boards. Kaufman said the preventative approach to sexual assault will provide campuses with strategies and tools to combat the issue. “We aren’t swooping in and solving all these problems,” Kaufman said. “We are developing a prevention process for universities to

use that helps them better identify key risks as well as solutions that are effective and affordable. These solutions are then prioritized for implementation.” Kaufman wants to start a dialogue early, rather than dealing with a situation after the fact. “The [CSP] Approach is designed to encourage administrators, staff, faculty and students to be more proactive in identifying and addressing campus safety risks to reduce sexual assault,” Kaufman said.

KEITH KAUFMAN. COURTESY OF KEITH KAUFMAN

NEWS

SMITH 2020

BUILDING ADVISORY COMMITTEE PURSUES REFERENDUM FOR FEE INCREASE TO OVERHAUL STUDENT UNION

CHRISTOPHER TROTCHIE

A PROPOSED DESIGN FOR THE Smith Memorial Student Union renovations in 2020. Courtesy of Brailsford and Dunlavey contractors

Jumbled days of being lost in the catacombs of Smith Memorial Student Union may be numbered. Members of Smith Advisory Board, with help from the Student Fee Committee and the Smith 2020 steering committee, plan to solve the aging building’s woes. Built in four stages beginning in 1950 and concluding in 1960, SMSU has served as the central hub of activity on campus for students and faculty for the last 66 years. The building might be on its last legs, as infrastructural issues have plagued the building’s operations since its inception. “Its time has come and gone,” said Alex Accetta, PSU’s executive director of campus recreation. “It just doesn’t meet what our campus and students expect of our univer-

sity. It’s not sustainable. It’s not accessible. It’s not inclusive. It’s falling apart.” Accetta is considered an instrumental figure in the realization of PSU’s recreational facility. He is now helping students get the Smith project off on the right foot. He believes the timing is right for a push to get funding secured for a more usable space where students can spend time in a clean and healthy environment. “We have to spend $13 million just to keep the building the way it sits,” Accetta said. Accetta feels that any money intended for repairing the building could be better spent on a more drastic overhaul. He is not alone in his thinking. According to Jonathen Gates, operations director of

the Associated Students of PSU and chairperson of the SAB, the origins of the project began during the 2011-12 academic year when ASPSU began looking at solutions for the building’s shortcomings.

Plans for overhaul

Through $150,000 of financing provided by the SFC, the SAB had a series of analyses done by both Dull Olson Weekes-IBI Group Architects and Perkins+Will, student union designers, to see what could be done in solving the maze of issues the building is well known for. Gates is making the SMSU building project the center of his attention. He believes students will be supportive of the endeavor. This April, students will decide whether to pass a ref-

erendum to increase building fees to cover a construction project on campus. Building fees are currently $45 a term. If SAB gains the support of students, they hope to raise that cost 25-60 percent. Although the SAB is in early stages of decisionmaking, the group has narrowed its vision to two possible solutions: The first would result in a $65 million project; the second option would be in the neighborhood of $90 million. “It is likely that the most ambitious project will include renovating portions of the building and rebuilding as much as 60 percent of the total building,” Gates said. PSU student James Runez doesn’t like the idea of any kind of increase to his cost of attendance.

“I pay for this education, to become a person that serves his city, as our motto says, but how can I serve when I am further indebted by one construction project after another?” Runez said. “I want to be of assistance, but why should the renovation be carried on the backs of the students attempting to better themselves?” Runez acknowledged that abatement work associated with asbestos or lead pipes should be a priority, but thinks affordability and inclusivity issues outrank campus construction projects..

A future unknown

Many on campus begin their day at SMSU either to grab coffee, snag a snack or cram for a test. The building offers students accommodations

such as study space and advising, but the building’s age and accessibility are growing concerns to some. The upcoming referendum will not be the first time Gates has worked on language for this project. Last year was his initial try, but because of a difficult election cycle the team decided to hold off for another year. “The [SAB] and the Smith 2020 steering committee will be working over the next few weeks to determine which option is most effective and which to present to the students,” Gates said. For questions or to get involved with the SMSU project contact Jonathen Gates at jonathen@pdx.edu Watch for the Vanguard’s continued coverage of the Smith 2020 project.

VANGUARD • FEBRUARY 16, 2016 • PSUVANGUARD.COM

OPINION

WORLDWIDE COLONY C WITHOUT HONEY BEES, HUMANS HAVE NO FOOD O

Earthly Insights by Adriana Stein

P SE

“Believe it or not, you have a bee to thank for every one in three bites of food you eat,” wrote Greenpeace. Honeybees are responsible for 80 percent of the world’s pollination, including many staple foods. Their strenuous pollination efforts account for 90 percent of the human food supply, making honeybees essential for life on Earth to survive. Without bees, Earth could not sustain our current standard of living. “Pollination is essentially plant reproduction,” said One Green Planet, a forum dedicated to providing eco-conscious information to the public. In the transfer of pollen, bees sustain much of the biodiversity necessary to maintain our ecosystem. Without pollination, millions of plant species wouldn’t exist. As more bees die, more plants die. When plants die, there goes the world’s food supply, then go humans. A study funded by the USDA assessed around 2 million bee colonies and found there was a 60 percent reduction in bee colonies from 1947 to 2008. This phenomenon is now Instead of focusing on short-term profits with referred to as Colony Collapse Disorder. Greenpeace reported that a honeybee colony GMO monocrops and pesticides, Europe has focused typically only loses 10 percent of bees during the winter. Losses in the range of 30 to 50 on creating a sustainable food supply without the percent can likely be blamed on humans. need for pesticides. The U.S. should learn from the way There are two main reasons why bee colonies are collapsing: pesticides and habiEurope is handling CCD and pesticide use, because we tat loss. will soon be in the same situation and the root of the probOur destructive and invasive attitude towards the environment is the root of lem resides in our country. the habitat loss problem. Instead of “get rich quick schemes,” we need to be Oregon is not exempt from CCD and according to The concerned about how our human developments affect the environment that Oregonian, since 2013 the state has had some of worst mass sustains us. bee deaths in history. The USDA, EPA and Portland Council Companies that profit from genetically modified organisms— placed some bans on pesticide use, but it isn’t enough. We need like Monsanto—perpetuate this attitude. Obama’s signing of the a restructuring of how we view the balance between our urban Monsanto Protection Act ensures Monsanto isn’t liable for any lifestyle and how we treat the environment. damages its products cause people or the environment. As these Ecological, organic agriculture, where we work with the bees companies continue to reap rewards through their environmental instead of killing them, is a good start. Every species has a place on destruction, the Earth’s lifespan dwindles. Earth for a reason and the more humans try to control their develLarge pesticide production companies like Monsanto present opment, the more unstable the ecosystem of the future becomes. their pesticide use as beneficial for bees, with the intention beFortunately there are small ways you can help. First, don’t confuse ing to kill “a mite that is believed to be at least partly responsiwasps with bees. Much intended pesticide use for wasps actually transble for the mass die-offs of honeybees in recent years,” wrote fers to honeybees. A Pennsylvania Native Bee Survey Citizen Scientist the New York Times. However, their research doesn’t cover Pollinator Monitoring Guide outlines the main differences to remember. the possible effects that pesticide use could have on the Wasps have smaller, narrower bodies than bees and don’t have noticeenvironment overall. able hair. Also, wasps have much longer legs and have brighter colors on When companies like Monsanto fund the rethe outer bodies. And most importantly, wasps never carry pollen. search for their own products, it’s easy to see While wasps go out of their way to cause a nuisance, the presence of honeyhow the results could end up biased in their bees is nothing to fear, as they are just doing their jobs and typically don’t sting favor. Contrary to what Monsanto would unless provoked. like people to believe, the use of pesticides Second, stop using pesticides to kill pesky wasps and use natural alternadoes not solve CCD, but exacerbates it. tives. Natural pesticides are not only better for your health, but also for While there are seven common pesticides plant and insect life. deadly to honeybees, one of the worst is According to ABC News, 2015 spelled out the worst wasp plague in over known as neonicotinoid. Not only does two decades for Australia, but they aren’t immediately running to pesticides. this pesticide harm bees, it also harms A Melbourne-based blog suggests two easy solutions using household prodbutterflies and birds, which are also esucts: peppermint flavored spray (mixing peppermint with water in a spray botsential to maintaining a functioning tle) and a beer trap (pouring beer into a cut open water bottle and letting wasps ecosystem. drown). Learn to live with honeybees instead of fear them because without them, In 2013, multiple European counhumans won’t survive. tries banned this pesticide because Lastly, report illegal pesticide use and honeybee killing to the EPA at epa.gov/ their instances of CCD were pollinator-protection/report-bee-kills. higher than the U.S. We can help save the bees and our planet—but only if we are willing to make the effort. ILLUSTRATIONS BY SHANNON KIDD

VANGUARD • FEBRUARY 16, 2016 • PSUVANGUARD.COM

OPINION

, D A D D N A M O M , NO G N I Y E B O T O N I’M All ThnaeteIsMna’trtinez by Jen

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I will no of the flow w an m s s e w is a t lu o fe w a n li v it o is e th se I d g lik d core mply becau beliefs an ay is nothin as you say si ing up tod w ro to g s. e y, k ce tl li erien quen hat it’s u. or your exp le days.’ n’t know w listen to yo student y own. in the ‘good ‘o and dad, but you do m rs t a not going to an ll o w m d I I’ f t o u b m s , o d e n ad g m colle and d Sorry, of thousa r years of Sorry, mom hundreds ork egree. You d w e to g e d ll a accumulate h co u a ow y o to receive s now. I kn obtain loans just le year doe g difficult to n s si a a w n a it th w o ss n le k I st co and a ke m o n e y hard to m

VANGUARD • FEBRUARY 16, 2016 • PSUVANGUARD.COM

COVER

DESPITE TRAGEDY, COMMUNITY PREVAILS

JEOFFRY RAY

The twelfth of the month held a special significance for Fred Bryant. Each month on that day, Bryant held vigil at the Northeast Portland site where his son Keaton Otis died at the hands of Portland police. Otis died during a 2010 traffic stop near Lloyd Center, where police fired over 30 rounds on his vehicle after he allegedly pulled a gun. He was 25 years old. Bryant and his fellow supporters debated the police narrative in the appeals process, but to no avail. Otis, they say, was targeted as a young, black male. The police killed Otis just months after Aaron Campbell, also a black Portlander, was shot in the back by police sniper Ron Frashour during a call-for-assistance on a suicide threat. They were both killed two years before the fatal encounter in Florida

between George Zimmerman and Trayvon Martin. Martin’s death and Zimmerman’s subsequent acquittal ultimately precipitated the Black Lives Matter movement in protest of systematized violence against African-Americans. Bryant sustained his monthly vigils until his own passing in Oct. 2013. But the community continues his work, meeting at NE 6th and Halsey in commemoration of Otis and Bryant on the twelfth of each month. On a rainy Portland evening last Friday, supporters lit candles and discussed the next steps toward the

pressuring the police for accountability. “This is definitely about police violence, and the way that police control, contain and exploit communities of color,” said Walidah Imarisha, vigil organizer and associate professor of Black Studies at Portland State. “I think that in terms of the actual reality of police murders, unfortunately, [the situation] has stayed the same or increased [since 2010].” The gathered crowd included social justice activists, concerned community members and friends of the deceased. Frances O’Halloran-Haney, a friend of Otis’ family, recalled her last time seeing Otis. She said that they talked about his recent trip to Canada and how he enjoyed the culture during his visit. O’Halloran-Haney said she has continued to attend his vigils every month.

1844

Markus Lopius, a crewmember of the American ship Lady Washington, is the first documented AfricanAmerican in Oregon.

Slavery is made illegal in Oregon. Oregon government enacts an exclusion law against blacks, which includes the

“Lash Law.” 1805 The Lewis & Clark expedition reaches the Columbia River. York, a slave of William Clark’s accompanying the expedition, proves invaluable as a hunter, tracker and diplomat to local Native tribes.

This law required that black people — whether free or enslaved — be whipped twice a year “until he or she shall quit the territory.”

1848 Oregon passes first Exclusion Law, forbidding people of black or mixed heritage to reside in Oregon Territory.

1855 A law is passed forbidding citizenship to men of multiethnic descent.

1862 Interracial marriage by whites to marry anyone with more than one black grandparent banned.

1865 Civil War Ends, opening Reconstruction period in the South.

1859 Oregon admitted into the Union; becomes only state admitted into union with exclusion law written into state constitution.

1867

Oregon Public Schools institute segregation.

1800’s 8

Safety for Whom?

Otis and Campbell’s deaths reflect how Portland situates in a broader conversation about police use of force and accountability in the United States, particularly against communities of color. They also illustrate the stakes felt by students of color at PSU, where officers have recently been armed in an effort to address security, both for the campus security officers and for the broader PSU community. Student activists, including DisarmPSU and the PSU Student Union, have been recurrent and outspoken critics of the administration’s decision, going as far as taking disruptive action against PSU Board of Trustees meetings and other university functions in protest.

University administrators have said they seek to build an inclusive campus police force, and that the university has deployed firearms with such safety concerns in mind as active shooter scenarios. Opponents argue that the administration’s concept of safety ignores the needs of black members of the PSU community, many of whom feel less safe in the presence of armed campus officers. Jasmine Westmoreland, programming director for the Black Student Union, pointed out that the arming of campus police came up as a student concern repeatedly during a recent Black Caucus held by the union. “[Many] black students feel that the campus has no regard for them or their safety in general,” Westmoreland

said. “They say that we don’t feel safe if you do this, and [the administration] went and did it anyway. Our concerns should be taken more seriously.” Assistant Professor Roberta Hunte of PSU’s Black Studies Department talked about similar issues brought up in classes. “From my classes, students are very unnerved by it, and feel they are being targeted,” Hunte said. “[They] feel dismissed by the administration. They feel that they are making their needs known, but around this particular issue, it’s really an intractable issue.” Repeated instances of police violence against black men throughout the country keeps this issue at the forefront, both on and off campus.

1868

Oregon Black History Timeline 1788

“I do it for him,” she said. “I know him, he was a good kid.”

VANGUARD • FEBRUARY 16, 2016 • PSUVANGUARD.COM

United States passes Fourteenth Amendment, granting universal citizenship rights; Oregon fails to ratify the Amendment until 1973.

1870 The Fifteenth Amendment outlaws voting discrimination based on race. Oregon does not ratify the Amendment until 1959.

1880’s Transcontinental railroad is completed, leading to first large influx of black people to Oregon. Many black railroad workers stayed in Portland upon the project’s completion.

1930’s

OREGON NAACP CO-FOUNDEWR BEATRICE CANNADY. Courtesy of The Oregonian

North Williams Avenue becomes the heart of the Portland jazz scene and the heart of the black community.

1914

The Portland chap- 1943 ter for the National Vanport City is constructed Association for the between Portland Advancement of and the Columbia River to house Colored People is wartime Kaiser Shipyards workers. founded. 1921 Ku Klux Klan establishes a chapter in Oregon.

1948 Built on lowlands,

Vanport City floods when the dike protecting the community breaks. The hastily built housing is destroyed, fifteen people are killed and nearly eighteen thousand people–many of them black—are left homeless.

At its peak, the city houses one hundred thousand people, 40 percent of whom are black.

1900’s

COVER

WALIDAH IMARISHA (LEFT) AND JO ANN HARDESTY LISTEN AS COMMUNITY MEMBERS RELATE THEIR REASONS FOR JOINING A MONTHLY VIGIL COMMEMORATING KEATON OTIS. IMARISHA AND HARDESTY HAVE BEEN INSTRUMENTAL IN MAINTAINING THE VIGIL SINCE THE 2013 DEATH OF OTIS’S FATHER, FRED BRYANT. SILVIA CARDULLO/PSU VANGUARD

On Jan. 19, CNN reported that the University of Cincinnati settled a lawsuit in the shooting death of Samuel DuBose, totalling about $5.35 million, including $4.85 million to the family and free undergraduate education for DuBose’s 12 children. DuBose was shot to death by university officer Ray Tensing on July 19 during a routine traffic stop. During the Otis vigil, organizer and activist Jo Ann

1953 The Public Accommodations Act, an Oregon Civil Rights act, passes through the support of the Urban League of Portland.

Hardesty referenced another killing of a black male youth by law enforcement in Oregon. Oak Grove resident Christopher Kalonji was killed on Jan. 28 by Clackamas County sheriff’s deputies after allegedly threatening family members with a rifle during a mental health crisis, according to reporting by The Oregonian. Kalonji’s parents, Tony and Irene, disputed accounts that they were under any threat

Despite Tragedy, Community Prevails

But communities, both at PSU and the broader Portland community, resolved to stand together. Imarisha hailed the work

1970

Black Studies Department founded at PSU, the oldest in the Pacific Northwest.

1969 Kent Ford helps establish the Portland chapter of the Black Panther Party, supported by Reed College students. The Panthers support community medical clinics and a free breakfast program for kids.

by their son in a Feb. 2 interview with KPTV. “This family just buried their son yesterday,” Hardesty said. “We leave families in this devastated state over and over and over again.”

1994

DARRELL MILLNER, PSU PROFESSOR AND CO-FOUNDER OF PSU’S BLACK STUDIES DEPARTMENT (3/4/75). Courtesy of University Archives Digital Gallery, Portland State University Library

1989 Union Avenue, the main street running through the historic Black community, changes to Martin Luther King Jr. Blvd. A coalition collects signatures to stop the name change, but is blocked by the Oregon Supreme court.

1982 The Black United Front protests the closure of Harriet Tubman Middle School, which is predominantly comprised of black students.

Measure 11 passes, establishing mandatory minimum sentencing for several crimes and removing sentencing at the judge’s’ discretion. A 2011 report by the Partnership for Safety and Justice says black people account for just 4 percent of the state’s youth population, but they represent 19 percent of Measure 11 indictments.

of community members in keeping the vigil alive. Hardesty and Imarisha, along with Otis’ sister Alyssa and community members like O’Halloran-Haney, make it to 6th and Halsey on the 12th of every month they’re in the city. Imarisha pointed to that spirit of community connecting PSU to efforts throughout Portland, and Portland to ongoing national efforts. “I think that what is really incredible and powerful is the resistance movement to it, and seeing, nationally, Black Lives Matter organize themselves,” Imarisha said. “And seeing Black Lives Matter Portland being born, and seeing the organizing work on PSU’s campus, and seeing that tied together with the work in the community is incredibly powerful, so it’s not isolated.” And in some ways at PSU, students have made progress. After students rallied at a December Students of Color Speak Out to make demands of the university, President Wim Wiewel took steps to ensure the opening of cultural resource spaces for Black and Asian-Pacific Islander students. Westmoreland lauded La Casa Latina in particular for their support, and acknowledged broader support from administrators, including Director of Cultural Centers

Cynthia Gomez, Program Coordinator Pedro Gomez, and Vice President of Enrollment, Management and Student Affairs John Fraire. “Right now we want African diaspora to feel like they have a place to go, like La Casa Latina and the Native Student Center,” Westmoreland said. “So we’re definitely very excited.” Westmoreland said Black Student Union members agreed on the importance of addressing the arming of campus police, and supported the efforts of activists like PSUSU. But she acknowledged that BSU is currently focused on building community through outreach events and the establishment of the new cultural space. Imarisha also said movement toward justice involved a multi-pronged approach, such as community building and direct action. She pointed to the site of the vigil as an important space for remembering lost loved ones, and for bringing community together. “I think it’s incredibly important for folks to be engaging on all levels, and in this space, we can come and really ground ourselves in the reality that these folks are not just names to be shouted or be put on posters,” Imarisha said. “They are loved ones, they are com-

2010

1996

Avel Louise Gordly becomes the first Black woman elected to the Oregon State Senate. 2004 PSU establishes Black Studies major, making it the only program in Oregon to offer a degree in Black Studies.

Death of Aaron Campbell at the hands of Portland police officer Ron Frashour, as officers respond on a welfare check of a suicidal man. The shooting prompts national attention and outrage, including a visit by Rev. Jesse Jackson, after Frashour is cleared of wrongdoing by a Multnomah County Grand Jury.

munity members. There is a giant hole in our community where Keaton Otis should be.” As Fred Bryant began on June 12, 2010, the community followed on the corner of 6th and Halsey. Community members each shared their reasons for attendance and discussed next steps on the march to social reform. They pointed to upcoming elections and the need to push for a Charter Review Commission, which could update the City Charter as a means of change. “It’s only going to happen if the community demands it,” Hardesty said. “What a great opportunity we have during the campaign season.” They promised the vigil would continue, as it had without fail since Otis’ death. “It’s amazing that it’s been going for five years,” Imarisha said. “We’ve never missed a month as a vigil, and that is due entirely to the spirit and the leadership of [Otis’] father.” Hardesty was moved by the show of support within the community to keep alive the spirit of Keaton Otis and Fred Bryant. She recounted one vigil when she hurried to the corner behind schedule, only to find a bursting community of vigil-holders waiting and ready to welcome her. “No matter what, I know people will be on this corner,” Hardesty said.

2014 Black Lives Matter movement, which began with a trending hashtag on social media, gains momentum and organizes nationwide protests in the wake of recent high-profile killings of young African American men by police, including Michael Brown (Ferguson, MO) and Tamir Rice (Cleveland, OH), in addition to Trayvon Martin’s 2013 killing by a neighborhood watch vigilante (Sanford, FL).

2000’s

2016 PSU scheduled to open Black Student Center after student activists call on university administration for more support and safe space.

JESSE JACKSON SPEAKS AT A 2014 BLACK LIVES MATTER PROTEST IN DOWNTOWN PORTLAND. JEOFFRY RAY/PSU VANGUARD

Timeline Dates Adapted From: Walidah Imarisha Darrell Millner Oregon Historical Society

VANGUARD • FEBRUARY 16, 2016 • PSUVANGUARD.COM

ARTS & CULTURE

PSU’S OWN TAKES PUBLISHING BY (RED) STORM

STUDENT GRANT BYWATERS PUBLISHES AWARD-WINNING NOIRE

CATHERINE JOHNSON

Portland State student Grant Bywaters published his first mystery novel, “The Red Storm” in Dec. 2015 and was awarded first place at the Minotaur Books Private Eye Novel Competition, hosted by St. Martin’s Press. After Bywaters first submitted the manuscript for the contest in May, he said he forgot all about it. Then he received an email in September saying he’d won the contest, which included a $10,000 advance. They flew him out to Long Beach, CA for an award banquet at the Bouchercon World Mystery Convention. Bywater had written short pieces before, and his first novel took him about a year to write. The book is a hardboiled mystery, set in 1920s and ’30s New Orleans. It was

strongly influenced by a film noir course at PSU, a black history course at Portland Community College and his own experience as a licensed private investigator. “I used my real-life experience as an investigator to give it some authenticity,” Bywaters said. “For example, I never had an office when I worked. My car was my office. So my guy doesn’t. I try not to make it too predictable, like five thousand other books.” Bywaters’ lead character, William Fletcher, is an African-American former heavyweight boxer turned P.I. who’s having difficulty obtaining clients. Bywaters said that as a white man, writing a black protagonist presented specific challenges. Bywaters based the character off of Sonny Liston,

the 1962 world heavyweight champion. He was also advised by a family friend—the late Fred Collins—a lawyer— helping him capture the racial tensions of the book’s time period. “Significantly, his book is a revision of the genre, which has always placed white detectives in racialized milieus to exoticize them and showcase the ‘dark’ settings they could comfortably inhabit,” said Kristin Hole, the professor who taught Bywaters’ film noir class at PSU. “‘The Red Storm’ revises this by making the private eye a black man in depression-era New Orleans.” As a child, Bywaters read classic detective fiction, from Sherlock Holmes and the L.A. Confidential series to great authors like Dashiell

Hammett and Raymond “Even the worst people have say that he wasn’t very diligent Chandler. While Bywaters redeeming qualities. We’re and attentive.” said many signature tropes not all cardboard cutouts.” Bywaters is very excited are present in his novel, he Bywaters’ sister-in-law, Demi about writing his next book tried to break conventions Noriega, assisted with revision and has further aspirations to and resist the cliché. before the book was published. write a suspense novel. To this end, he avoided “I did get to witness and help “It’s been surreal—that’s the watching movies during the with the final editing,” Noriega best I can say,” Bywaters said. writing process and conducted said. “It wasn’t too stressful; “When I went to the bookstore thorough research about the he was really laid back and and saw my book, I was like, time period and place, visiting relaxed about it. That’s not to ‘Damn, that’s crazy!’” New Orleans specifically with this intention. This novel is just the beginning of a series; he’s already thinking about the next one. In addition to the work he still does in private investigation, he’s also working on his B.A. in psychology, a field that has proven useful in writing his characters. “It helps get you more three-dimensional people. You learn that people are complex,” Bywaters said. GRANT BY WATERS WITH HIS NEW BOOK. CATHERINE JOHNSON/PSU VANGUARD

EVER FORWARD LIBRARY EXHIBIT CELEBRATES 40 YEARS OF WOMEN, GENDER & SEXUALITY STUDIES CATHERINE JOHNSON

“Ever Forward: Forty Years of Women, Gender and Sexuality Studies” is on display through winter term at Portland State’s Branford Price Millar Library. The exhibit documents the evolution and historical intelligence of one of the first women’s studies programs in the country. The Library Special Collections and University Archives hosts the exhibit, curated by library staff member and WGSS alumna Rhiannon Cates. In 2010 the department’s title changed from ‘women’s studies’ to ‘women, gender and sexuality studies’ in order to better reflect its philosophy. “The interdisciplinary field of women’s studies has grown and expanded over the past 40 years,” said Sally McWilliams, current chair of PSU’S WGSS department. “Looking back, we want to acknowledge the dramatic and innovative insights about women and systems of power

that the diverse feminists of tive” Cates said. She said she ter writing. They held bake the late ’70s and early ’80s chose to display items that sales and other fundraisers made visible.” stood out and helped tell the to keep the program afloat McWilliams said she was story of the department. until the university finanimpressed by Cates and In her research, Cates cially supported its growth her ability to illustrate the was surprised to learn that in the 1990s. dynamic history of the pro- although the women’s stud“The university is proud gram. The display includes ies—now WGSS—program of departments like this photos, articles, ephemera at PSU is one of the oldest but has a long history of not and documents that all at- in the country, it was one of supporting it,” Cates said. tribute to rich elements of the last to be accredited and “It’s important to think of feminist history. have an official major. the ways that it was really This is Cates’s fifth year “So we had students and student-and faculty-driven working at the library. faculty volunteering to and sustained —and still While in professor Vicki teach classes in the early is. It’s not something we Reitenauer’s practicum ’70s, but you couldn’t get should take for granted.” class that she decided to a major until 1998, which The department continturn her curiosity about the is a huge gap,” Cates said. ues to evolve and is looking history of the department “That’s generations of stu- toward changes in the fuinto this project. She fin- dents and faculty doing all ture. ished just in time to mark this work and then leaving “We’re thinking about the the department’s 40th an- and not getting that degree.” possibilities of feminist and niversary. The department started queer scholarship in super Cates spent a lot of time with a certificate program dynamic and exciting ways,” going through the archives in 1976 and added a minor Cates said. “There’s a lot of moand collecting items she in 1987. But in the early mentum.” found interesting and rel- 1980s, the entire program The program is now trying to evant. was threatened by budget create a new major in sexuality, “As I went through it, cuts and was only saved gender and queer studies. Repthings that caught my eye through a community effort resentatives of the department helped me to build a narra- of demonstrations and let- have invited input and ideas

from the community, as they ity, to name a few, are shaping have in the past. our lives,” McWilliams said. “In all our work, we commit- “WGSS continues to bring ted to using a critical lens of in- theory and practice together tersectionality to examine how toward making social justice a gender, race, class and sexual- daily reality.”

A SELECTION OF TESTIMONIES IN THE EXHIBIT FROM A 1973 HEARING ON SEXISM. COURTESY OF RHIANNON CATES

VANGUARD • FEBRUARY 16, 2016 • PSUVANGUARD.COM

ARTS & CULTURE

CHOWDER COOKING CHALLENGE!

EDITOR PICK OF THE WEEK:

Aislinn Rennison

YESENIA RAMOS

Lompoc Brewery has been hosting their annual chowder challenge for the past decade. Let the challenge begin! 12 contestants, all of which are brewing companies, battle it out to see who can make the best clam chowder. Troy Harris, one of this year’s contestants from Cascade Brewery, has a secret for success. “Our hopeful winning equation is to do what we

do best: make great clam petitor’s chowder, too. Once chowder!” Harris said. all 12 of the chowders have The cook-off, located at been tasted, the public votes Lompoc Brewery’s Fifth on whose they enjoyed most. Quadrant location, is open “The judging is blind by to the public. That’s right; the attendees,” Harris said. the public gets to decide who “I don’t even know which made the best chowder and chowder is ours. But usuwho gets to take the chowder ally I can identify our secret cup home. ingredients. The process Every judge will try a two consists of 12 tastes, one of ounce sample of each chow- each contestant, and a votder. The cups are not labeled ing card with space for tastso the cook stays a mystery; ing notes.” therefore, the contestants This family-friendly are able to taste their com- event runs from noon to

3 p.m. Ages 12 and up are able to participate in the sampling for $10. There will be live music, a beer garden, raffle and pub food for purchase. “The atmosphere is fairly busy, but offers space for people to move around.” Harris said. “The event is held outside in a tent and there’s usually live music. Lots of people attend throughout the run of the event…at least until the chowder runs out!”

‘KING LEAR’ SPIRALS INTO INSANITY AT POST5 THEATER KATHRYN BOUCHATE

“King Lear” is a play about a powerful king’s gradual descent into madness. Post5 Theater will present their version of this wild Shakespearean production, from Feb. 26 to March 19. Director Rusty Tennant is experienced in theater, having directed contemporary classics for over 25 years. Tennant, however, did not choose “King Lear” to direct, as it was already chosen by previous leadership of the theater. Nevertheless, Tennant believes it is one of the most famous Shakespearean plays. “I always regarded Hamlet as the greatest play,” Tennant said. “But now that I’m into [“King Lear”] . . . I’m at the point where I’m considering it to be at least on par with ‘Hamlet!’” Tennant has very high hopes for the play and doesn’t see many performance challenges. “We’re very lucky,” Tennant said. “To get to do what we do, because we love what we do; it is an honor.”

“Don’t let the challenges come and let them be the thing that dictate your product,” Tennant continued. “Where I don’t face the challenges, I have an insanely talented cast, top to bottom.” The lead role of the play, Tobias Anderson as King Lear, is a 50-year veteran to the theater arts; he has worked with the Oregon Shakespeare Festival, Milwaukee Repertory, Playmakers Repertory, Pacific Conservatory of Performing Arts and ACT/Seattle. Similar to Tennant, Anderson was also already chosen by previous leadership, but that didn’t change Tennant’s excitement to work with Anderson. “I hope when I’m 80 that I have the faculty to be able to memorize one of Shakespeare’s biggest roles and perform it with the vivacity and intensity that this man brings every night to rehearsal,” Tobias said. Along with being able to memorize Lear’s hundreds of

FITBIT

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lines, Anderson found that he victim losing the capacity to shared some similarities with reason and focus, as well as his role. declining in sanity—Anderson “I have two daughters, believes this is a huge aspect of [King Lear] had three and his practice for the role of King I am certainly his age,” Lear. Anderson said. “There is one Tennant and Anderson are thing I use as a resource for both very passionate about my approach to his role: de- their roles and excited to share mentia. There’s another de- their hard work to those intermentia disease called Lewy ested in expanding their theBody—this is what [Tennant] ater art culture. and I have based this characTickets are $20 but Post5 ter on. This is where I think Theater hosts “Pay What You he is in life.” Will Sunday” in the final week Lewy Body is a type of de- of performances as well as mentia which results in the “Pay What You Will Thursday.”

I gave myself an early Birthday gift or a late Christmas gift or a New Year’s Resolution gift—Do I need an excuse to buy myself a present? This purchase though, was one of the most beneficial things I have done for myself this year. The Fitbit HR has done wonders for my health, mood and positivity and I’ve only had it for a month! A Fitbit is a bracelet you wear on your wrist as it tracks your steps, calories burned, floors climbed, distance travelled and quality of sleep. If you get the HR version, it will also continuously track your heart rate as well. You can review your results on their free app, as your bracelet will automatically sync to your phone. I have never had so much fun setting goals for myself and tracking my exercise, nutrition and sleep. Whether you are training for a marathon, trying to lose weight or just attempting to be more active, the Fitbit will help you set specific daily and weekly goals based on your lifestyle. Once you reach those goals you can

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Event Listings for Feb. 17- 21

WEDNESDAY, FEB. 17

HEALTHCARE MBA INFO SESSION: MEYER MEMORIAL BOARD ROOM 5:30 p.m. to 6:30 p.m. Be a part of the future of healthcare through this partnered degree. This hybrid program embraces the online experience as a way of learning with research and physical classes at Portland State.

DAVID WEISSMAN WEEK: SMSU BALLROOM 7 p.m., Free tickets through PSU Box Office Spend the week exploring the work of the eccentric and never-boring David Weissman. Start with a series of shorts and move all the way to his acclaimed documentary, “We Were Here,” about the AIDS crisis in San Francisco.

THURSDAY, FEB. 18

PRESERVING THE ECOSYSTEM: CRAMER HALL, ROOM 71 4 p.m. This free lecture series is hosted by several doctoral students exploring research in the field of ecology management, which includes both theory and practical application toward the future. BIAMP PDX JAZZ FEST: LOCATIONS VARY

Fees: $15+ Check out portlandjazzfestival.org to see the immense lineup of jazz talent as Black History Month and the current soul of jazz are both celebrated in concert, outreach and education. Starting today and running all the way to the end of the month.

FRIDAY, FEB. 19 “REVENGE ON SCREEN”: LOCATION TBA

5:30 p.m., Free Come experience a lecture on the century-long history of the filming of the “Revenge of the 47 Loyal Samurai.” This is a great way to prepare yourself for the upcoming kabuki play of the same title.

JOHN PINNEY

FRIDAY, FEB. 19

WIZARD CON: OREGON CONVENTION CENTER

3 p.m. to 8 p.m., Fee: $40+ Wizard Con is a weekend-long brother to the Comic Con in late September and is a great place to load up on comics and pop culture, meet your heroes like John Barrowman, and brag to your friends about all the cool swag you got. Costumes not required, but certainly encouraged.

INDONESIAN NIGHT 2016: LINCOLN HALL 75 6 p.m., Free Pick up your ticket at the PSU Box office to enjoy a night of diversity! Watch Indonesian dance performances while snacking on the provided traditional Indonesian food.

SATURDAY, FEB. 20

SISTERS OF THE ROAD BENEFIT: ALADDIN THEATER

7 p.m., Fee: $30 to $32 The folk festival called Winterfolk raises funds for Sisters of the Road, who work to combat poverty and homelessness through nonviolence. David Roth of Massachusetts fame is headlining this year.

IN REAL LIFE: GALLERY 903 • Free In Real Life is a display of selected works of art representing artists from across the Northwest. This gallery will continue through the end of the month.

SUNDAY, FEB. 21

INTERSECCIONES: HAVANA/PORTLAND: LEWIS & CLARK ART GALLERY 11 a.m. to 4 p.m. Six young Cuban artists utilize the idea of cultural crossover to explain how they bridge private worlds between being Cuban and being from Portland.t

SUNDAY, FEB. 21

“WHAT EVERY GIRL SHOULD KNOW”: THE SANCTUARY AT SANDY PLAZA • 2 p.m., Fee: $7 to $35

After three girls in a Catholic-school dorm find their friend dead, questions are left unanswered in Monica Byrne’s “What Every Girl Should Know.” Also playing on Thursdays through Saturdays at 7:30 p.m. until Feb. 27.

•FEATURED EVENT!•

PORTLAND INTERNATIONAL FILM FEST: VARIOUS

LOCATIONS AROUND PORTLAND Feb. 11 to 27, Fee: $12 per film

This is the 39th year of PIFF, and you may have noticed pink signs with donuts that point you to the website, found also on the cover of the NW Film Center magazine. This wild month of movies from around the globe is a chance to challenge your perception of cinema and experience divine animations, short films, and both fiction and documentary features. Here are a few of note:

MONDAY, FEB. 15 (HONG KONG): “Little Big Master” @ WHITSELL AUDITORIUM A new principal works to save a failing rural kindergarten.

MONDAY, FEB. 15 (GREECE): “CHEVALIER” @ WHITSELL AUDITORIUM A fishing trip turns into the ultimate contest of male ego.

THURSDAY, FEB. 18 (NETHERLANDS):

“EINSTEIN IN GUANAJUATO” @ CINEMA 21 A soviet filmmaker falls in love with Mexico but never completes his love letter to his new home.

FRIDAY, FEB 19 (FRANCE):

“EVOLUTION” @ CINEMA 21 Described as a dark, feminist fairy tale—what is growing at the bottom of the sea?

SATURDAY, FEB. 20 (UNITED STATES): “I SAW

THE LIGHT” @ WHITSELL AUDITORIUM The guy who played Loki stars in this country biopic about Hank Williams.

are really all they’re cracked up to be? Choose to love yourself first, and you never know who will come along.

SCORPIO (OCT. 23-NOV. 21)

Though usually volatile, your reading in love for this upcoming year is lucky. You’ve done a good job at learning who you are. Letting others follow suit showed which true colors best match your own.

SAGITTARIUS (NOV. 22–DEC. 21)

JOHN PINNEY LOVE HOROSCOPES FOR THE WEEK OF 02/14

ARIES (MARCH 21-APRIL 19)

Your love forecast for the year is a lot like a tornado in the Bible Belt: finicky, unpredictable and with a penchant for the destruction of trailer-park property.

TAURUS (APRIL 20-MAY 20)

This year in love, expect that your moderate personality will shine through. If you are single, a manic-pixiedream person may come into your life, and it will take all your willpower to resist them.

GEMINI (MAY 21-JUNE 20)

You don’t want to hear your love forecast for the year, do you? You’re very happy with your current relationship status, but change could be on the horizon, and it may smack you like a mackerel.

CANCER (JUNE 21-JULY 22)

Here today, gone tomorrow. Your love forecast is a jazz song, specifically “Summer Wind.” Not that you would give up that love for anything. Even the heartache was worth it.

LEO (JULY 23-AUG. 22)

Though you’re a lion, there’s no shame in embracing the Year of the Monkey. Monkeys have the ingenuity you’ve been craving, though you couldn’t put a word to it. Look for a monkey and be surprised what you find.

VIRGO (AUG. 23-SEP. 22)

On one hand, you can feel yourself getting restless in love. On the other hand, you’re timid toward the unknown. Flip a coin and make a choice; stagnation won’t do you any good.

LIBRA (SEP. 23-OCT. 22)

Are you looking for your Disney prince—gender notwithstanding? Well, are you sure that Disney royalty

VANGUARD • FEBRUARY 16, 2016 • PSUVANGUARD.COM

Hanging out at karaoke bars isn’t going to solve your long-term love problems. True, passion is important, but eventually if you want to settle down, you’re going to have to stop looking for guys with devil tattoo sleeves.

CAPRICORN (DEC. 22-JAN. 19)

Love is not like a Nicholas Sparks novel, and you know that as well as I do. Your love forecast doesn’t call for romance as much as reality. You can choose to walk away from something bad for you because something better is waiting.

AQUARIUS (JAN. 20-FEB. 18)

Your love forecast tastes like the most delicious flavor of ice cream. It is the Phish Food of love forecasts. Dark, sensual, with little pops of sweetness. Enjoy the libations because life is short.

PISCES (FEB. 19-MARCH 20)

You don’t need anyone to call you baby. Your future love life—at least for this coming year—is nonexistent. They can come or not come; you won’t be bothered either way.

Reimagining Food. A day of fun, learning and sampling.This Saturday, February 20 at Smith Union $39 just for PSU students! (60% discount) Use code â&#x20AC;&#x153;psulovesfoodworxâ&#x20AC;? (regular ticket type only). http://bit.ly/getfoodworx

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VANGUARD â&#x20AC;˘ FEBRUARY 16, 2016 â&#x20AC;˘ PSUVANGUARD.COM

INTERNATIONAL

THE IMPROVED WAY TO DRONE-CUMENT A NEW SURVEY METHOD FOR ARCHAEOLOGISTS

ADRIANA STEIN

Over the past few years, drones have begun to shape how archaeologists survey and document dig sites. Drones are both cheaper and faster than older aerial surveillance methods such as helicopters. They are especially useful in places like Peru and the Middle East because many archaeological sites reside in large, open areas that take a long time to document and are difficult to protect against looting. “I expect they will become part of the archaeologist’s ‘tool kit’ in the next 10 years,” said Dr. Virginia Butler, a professor of anthropology at Portland State whose life’s work focuses on archaeology.

LOOTING PROTECTION

A prominent example of this new method of drone use was cited by the New York Times.

In Chepén, Peru, at a remote archaeological dig site a drone helps to protect against looters. Drones outfitted with cameras increase the likelihood of catching criminals in the act of looting because they monitor expansive areas of land. “Looting often [takes] place on large open sites in arid areas,” Butler said. Butler’s professional focus has been on zooarchaeology, the study of animal remains at archaeological sites. Based on her experience, she agrees that the use of drones could be a beneficial method for aerial surveys of the open, arid regions vulnerable to potential looting—especially if these sites have clear structural visibility. According to the Smithsonian, looters have begun to sell artifacts in the Middle East to

maintain their gun supply for the Syrian war, making drone surveillance in these areas a necessary part of the archaeologists’ budget. For humans, archaeological sites situated in areas like Peru are the most difficult to protect and maintain; for drones it’s the opposite.

3D IMAGING

Justin Junge, a PSU graduate student of anthropology, stated that the quick mapping capabilities of a drone would have helped a project he worked on in Greenland in 2012. Using a helicopter, “the goal was to get a bird’s eye view of features and relationships between sites” but the helicopter wasn’t stable enough to provide the quality of information that was necessary to complete the

project. Drones are “cheaper with their initial cost, training, and fuel/power to use,” Junge said. Drones can also fly lower as compared to larger aerial vehicles, so the quality of information captured is better. Peru has around 100,000 archaeological sites, but only 2,500 are currently mapped. Drones can help in covering these areas before they vanish. Chicago University’s archaeology team has also used drone surveillance at a dig site in the Black East Desert in Jordan. The desert is characterized by seemingly common sand mounds, which land surveyors would expect to observe in such regions. But 3D photographs from drones paint a different picture: many unexplained

collapsed structures that lay beneath the mounds date back 8,000 years. The team conducting the study, The Oriental Institute, employed several types of aerial survey vehicles and found that drones delivered the clearest photographs. Researchers are using this new type of surveillance to shine a light on the the complicated and once mysterious journey that led to current civilization in the Black East Desert. At a cemetery in Fifa that dates between 3600 and 3200 B.C., researchers captured images of a 64,000-acre area with “1 to 2 centimeters per pixel,” a great victory for those interested in preserving this vast historic site. With the use of a drone, Cerro Chepén, a site in Peru that dates back to A.D. 850,

was photographed in 10 minutes and mapped in 24 hours. Drone images capture important information that 2D aerial photographs cannot—including artifact placement, variations in terrain and elevation. Drones use a combination of Light Detection and Ranging and radar technology, or harmless laser scanners and radars, that leave archaeological sites in tact. Digging things up requires destruction and always results in artifact casualties, whereas using a drone is potentially harmless. However, there is still room for improvement. According to the New York Times, “drone batteries can last for as little as six minutes” and the dust in the arid climates can destroy the equipment.

ILLUSTRATION BY PETER LE

VANGUARD • FEBRUARY 16, 2016 • PSUVANGUARD.COM

INTERNATIONAL

DIVERSITY SCHOLARSHIPS ENRICH STUDENT BODY

A CHAT WITH INTERNATIONAL SCHOLARSHIP RECIPIENTS SARAH MUSTAFA

It is hard to miss the vast display of diversity within the student body, filling Portland State’s halls and park blocks. PSU offers an abundant amount of scholarships to support its diverse student population. Having such a wide range of scholarships lends a hand to international students who hope to avoid future debt. To gain some insight on a few of these scholarships offered at PSU, The Vanguard sat down with Herico Aiten, a freshman from the Island of Saipan and Julieta Castro, a freshman from El Savador. sa r a h musta fa: Tell me about your scholarship? her ico a iten: My scholarship is called Empower for Asian and Pacific Islanders. It’s basically for first generation [American] students that get financial coverage for a year. The scholarship itself is like a mentoring program, where students are being mentored and help with things like academic studies, social events, as well as getting socially connected [on] campus. ulieta ca stro: My scholarship is the Diversity Proj gram, an extremely competitive program that I luckily got accepted in after I was wait-listed. My scholarship is also a mentoring program. It has full coverage for the five years of schooling. sm: What do you like most about your scholarship? a: I really like the people in it. Like all the connections h I made and still am able to form, is great! Immediately the people I was introduced [to] through my program and I all bonded. It’s like we are a family of friends away from home… When we meet for meetings with our mentors, it doesn’t feel formal, it feels like we’re friends catching up. Which I love because it adds this comfortable element for me to be myself.

HERICO AITEN, A FRESHMAN FROM THE ISLAND OF SAIPAN AND JULIETA CASTRO, A FRESHMAN FROM EL SAVADOR. SILVIA CARDULLO/PSU VANGUARD

“My scholarship pushes me to be involved with events or…peers within my or other scholarship programs.”

c: Something I really like about my scholarship is how j it isn’t just about covering my tuition and them telling me just keep my GPA above 3.5 and that’s it—they are really invested in your social life and the availability [of ] resources. Also the family that I’ve built in it. I met so many friends and was taught [about] different cultures that it’s refreshing to be around.

talking to her and asking her what was this whole thing—turns out there’s all these careers behind it that have communities dedicated to solving these problems. This sparked my interest to take advantage of the Women’s Resource Center. Now I’m a part of their Actions Teams there.

s m: What kind of resources did this scholarship give you to get involved?

a: My scholarship pushes me to be involved with events h or even just peers within my or other scholarship programs. I feel like since we all became good friends, our mandatory meetings—or anything we have to do—doesn’t feel like a forced activity. We actually enjoy it more because it gets us involved and pulls us out of our comfort zone.

a: Through Empower I’ve been exposed to a lot of events h and a bunch of resources that I didn’t even know about. Like the Multicultural Center; I didn’t know about that place before I took the Diversity Student Program classes. Through these classes we got to learn about all the resources on campus and all of the thing that were available to us as students. c: Back during the DSP classes, we had a sexual coordinator j come in a talk to us about the word “consent,” which was something I had never heard of before. After that class, I remember

s m: What have you gotten out of your scholarship thus far?

c: For me it broke down a lot barriers or stereotypes I had j with people from other countries. And to be surrounded by so much culture I learn something new every day. Find out more about international scholarships at pdx.edu/ scholarships.

VANGUARD • FEBRUARY 16, 2016 • PSUVANGUARD.COM

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