Dakai Maritimes Summer 2018 Issue by Dakai Maritimes Newspaper

唐顺：正宗中餐体验

最全多元民族超市清单

日字偏旁汉字

A more authentic food experience Page 4

11 of Halifax’s hottest ethnic food stores Page 6-7

Learning about the sun symbol Page 8, 10

June 2018

25 years of Chinese language 夏城华语学校建校25周年

1458 Queen Street

(Next to Halifax Central Library)

See story, page 2

详见第二页

打开加东 • Dakai Maritimes

June 2018

封面故事

• Cover Story

Halifax Chinese Language School celebrates 25 years ALLISON LAWLOR Dr. Jinyu Sheng is in the mood to celebrate. For 25 years, he has helped hundreds of children in Halifax learn to read, write, and speak Mandarin. The co-founder and principal of the Halifax Chinese Language School has watched the school he started in 1993 grow from two classes to 11 classes each year. “We want to thank the community for the past 25 years,” said Dr. Sheng. A non-profit, community-based school that runs every weekend out of classrooms at Dalhousie University, Dr. Sheng knows that the school couldn’t survive without the community’s support, countless volunteer hours and the dedication of the school’s parents and students. “Our school is deeply connected to the community here,” said Dr. Sheng, who volunteers his time to the school and is a professor in physical oceanography at Dalhousie University. On June 16, the school will host an anniversary gala at the Spatz Theatre. The event will include dancing, drumming and a performance by popular Chinese singer Ansa Garangdengzhen. When Dr. Sheng founded the school,

A group of volunteers who operate the Halifax Chinese Language School, a community-based, non-profit institution established 25 years ago. Halifax Chinese Language School 由华人社区热心人士组成的夏城华语学校理事会成员合照（2017年度）。

along with Dr. Deming Zhuang, there wasn’t a place in the city for children to learn Mandarin. “We felt it was important for the children to learn the language, culture and history,” Dr. Sheng said. “A lot of history and culture depends on the lan-

Dakai Maritimes is published four times per year and distributed with The Chronicle Herald and in specific neighbourhoods in HRM. Founder, Owner, Editor-in-Chief: Meng Zhao Editor and Project Manager: Baillie Saunders Translations: Fenfei Xiao Cover photo: Contributed by Halifax Chinese Language School

Published By: The Chronicle Herald - Community and Custom Publishing Vice President, Business Development: Jeff Nearing Sales: For rates and information call (902) 471-8829 or Magazine@Dakai.ca.

guage.” Raised in Jiangsu, a coastal Chinese province north of Shanghai, Dr. Sheng came to Halifax to do his post-doctorate research. He stayed and raised a family. When his daughters were about four and seven years old he and his wife realized that they needed a more formal approach to teaching them Mandarin. “The Chinese language is not easy to learn,” he said. Starting with about 20 students in its first year, the school now has more than 100 students, the majority of whom are elementary school age. The school’s growing enrollment reflects, not only the school’s success, but Halifax’s growing Chinese population. “We have seen a steady increase to our school,” he said. Every Sunday, students come to the

school to learn not only Mandarin, but math and artistic drawing. The school also offers dance classes. Ms. Mei Wang, one of the school’s many volunteers, has been teaching children dance for more than a decade. Every year, the school offers three semesters of classes, which are limited to no more than 15 students. The school doesn’t receive any government funding and relies on the small tuition fee it charges of $100 per student per term to cover its operating costs. While most of the students at the school are Chinese Canadians, the school has welcomed Apple store employees wanting to learn basic greetings in Mandarin, and business people preparing to go to China. “We encourage anyone to come to the school,” he said. To help students learn Mandarin, the school uses textbooks brought from China thanks to the help of the Chinese Embassy in Canada. Dr. Sheng explains that to have basic reading and writing skills in Mandarin a minimum of 2,000 Chinese characters is needed. It takes about five years of study to get there when taking a class once a week, he said. Learning Mandarin is not only good for children wanting to communicate with relatives in China, but many international companies are now looking for people who know the language and understand Chinese culture. “Learning the language is important for future job opportunities,” he said. For the fourth time, the school is offering a two-week China “Root-Seeking” summer camp due to great efforts made by Mr. Bill Bu. In July, a group of 27 students and two teachers will travel to Zhuhai, a city near Hong Kong, and Halifax’s sister city. “I feel happy to help the students and the school,” said Dr. Sheng.

Dakai Maritimes • 打开加东

June 2018

夏城华语学校 25年风雨办学路 Allison Lawlor 风雨兼程二十载，桃李争妍满苑开。在过去的25年里，夏城华语学校 (Halifax Chinese Language School)帮助数百名在哈利法克斯生活和成长的孩子们学习阅读中文、中文写作和提高中文交流能力。回顾25年的建校历程，学校的创始人、校长申锦瑜教授想起了，学校 1993年创办初期只有2个班级，现如今已有11个班级。 “对华人社区在这25年间给予学校的帮助，我们表示由衷的感谢。”申教授说。作为一间非营利、以社区为基础的语言学校，中文学校的老师们在达尔豪西大学免费提供的教室中授课。申教授知道，中文学校创办至今离不开社区的支持，这其中包含了授课老师对自己业余时间无私的付出，以及学生和家长们的坚守和支持。申教授还说，中文学校扎根于社区。他是达尔豪西大学物理海洋学教授，同样作为学校志愿者其中的一位，他一直致力于中文学校的发展。 6月16日，学校将在市内Spatz剧院举办周年庆典（本文发刊时恰逢此活动结束）。此次庆典活动将包括舞蹈、鼓乐和知名藏族歌手安萨·尕让邓真（Ansa Garangdengzhen）的倾情表演。 25年前，当申教授和庄德明教授一起创立学校初始，哈利法克斯还没有能让孩子们学习中文的课程。

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学校第一年创办的时候，学生大概有 20人。而今，学生人数已超过100人，其中大多数是中小学生。不断增加的学生人数不仅说明了创校理念的成功，也反映了哈法日益增长的华人人口。 “我们的语言学校正在稳步发展。”申教授说。每周日，中文学校学生不仅要学习汉语，还要学习数学和美术。此外，学校还提供舞蹈课。王梅老师是该学校的众多志愿者之一，她义务指导孩子们跳舞已经有十多年了。学校每年有三学期的课程，每个班级学生人数限制在15人以内。学校没有得到任何的政府拨款，而是依靠小额的学费（每个学生每学期学费$100）支撑学校的运营成本。虽然学校现有的大多数学生都是加拿大华人，但学校曾接收过苹果商店的员工，以及准备去中国的商务人士，培训他们基本的中文日常用语。 “我们欢迎任何想要学习中文的学生。”申教授说。为了帮助学生们更好的学习中文，学校使用由中国驻加拿大大使馆提供的海外华文教科书。申教授告诉我们：“至少要掌握2000个汉字的使用方式，才能有基本的中文阅读和写作能力。”他说，这样的能力要求学生每周上一次课，要持续五年左右才能达到这个水平。学习中文不仅能让孩子们和远在中国的亲戚朋友沟通，而且对他们抓住以后的工作机会有极大的帮助。现如今，会说中文、懂中国文化，成了许多跨国公司招聘员工的基本要求之一。

“我们觉得让孩子们学习中文和中国的文化历史尤为重要。”申教授说：“中国的文化历史立足于中文。”

“学习中文对未来工作机会的寻求至关重要。”申教授深有感触地说。

申教授来自江苏，他来到哈利法克斯进修博士后。此后，便留在了哈利法克斯。当他的两个女儿在分别在7岁和4 岁的时候，他和太太意识到，他们需要让孩子们正规地、系统地学习普通话。

学校将第四次组织为期两周的中国寻根夏令营。此四次夏令营活动，均由卜志雨先生具体负责。今年7月，将有27名学生和两名老师前往哈利法克斯的在中国的姐妹城市——珠海。

“汉语并非是一门容易学习的语言。” 申教授说。

“能帮助学生学习中文，我感到特别荣幸。”

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打开加东 • Dakai Maritimes

June 2018

美食

• Food & Drink

A more authentic food experience, one noodle at a time KATIE INGRAM A new restaurant in Bedford is hoping to bring a more authentic Chinese dining experience to the Halifax Regional Municipality. Tang Shun Chinese Cuisine opened in February. It features a combination menu of American-style Chinese food and other dishes that may be unfamiliar to North American diners. “We want people to know that Chinese food is different than American Chinese food; we want to educate them,” says Stuart Xu, one of the restaurant’s co-owners. “Twenty years ago, no one knew what Pho was and now everyone eats it. We want to try to bring this to Canada and do the same.” Some of the more American Chinese food items include chicken fried rice and egg rolls. Dishes that might be less familiar include fried chicken skeleton, fried pork with pineapple, black fungus salad and Yu-Shiang eggplant with a spicy garlic sauce. Xu says the restaurant, located on Southgate Drive, is also the only one in the HRM that uses Captain Ma noodles in its beef noodle soup. “A lot of Chinese students and people from our generation usually get this a lot in China,” says Xu. “It’s a different brand. It’s like chicken; you have Mary Brown’s and you have KFC.” Tang Shun’s menu is small, which Xu says is intentional. “We want it to stand out (and) it’s easy to keep quality food with a small menu,” he says. “A bigger menu is harder to control because you are going to prepare all the ingredients a couple days or a month before and freeze them. For this, we can make it fresh.” This venture was different, especially for Xu and his business partners because it was a move away from a fast food or quick dining experience. Previously he, Dave Lu and John Yuan, helped bring Chatime, a bubble tea

Tang Shun’s specialty – Captain Ma noodles in beef broth.

Katie Ingram

唐顺的招牌面 — 马队长牛肉面。

café, to Nova Scotia. Better known as JSD Group, they now manage several Chatime locations and other foodbased businesses across the region. The trio also tries to bring in new business partners for each new undertaking. For Tang Shun Chinese Cuisine, they are chefs Calvin Tu and Vince Huang. “We’re not good at operating businesses, but we’re good at finding businesses. We are always seeking oppor-

tunities; we want people to come work with us and partner with us,” says Xu. “Like with the two chefs, we want them to think of it as their own business.” Customer response to Tang Shun has been positive, even from those who were a bit wary of the second menu. “We are comfortable that if they try it, they will like it,” says Xu. “After we introduce this other menu to them, they come in they don’t take a look at

the American Chinese menu; they want food from the other menu.” This reaction already has Xu and his partners thinking about the future. They want to be the Atlantic Canadian franchisee for Captain Ma noodles. “We know that if an area has enough of a Chinese population, Captain Ma can do really well there,” he says. For more information on Tang Sung Chinese Cuisine, visit: https:// tangshun.ca/

Dakai Maritimes • 打开加东

June 2018

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打开加东 • Dakai Maritimes

June 2018

美食

• Food & Drink

唐顺：更正宗的中餐体验的所有Chatime店以及几家以餐饮为主的业务。

Katie Ingram 位于Beford的一家新餐厅希望为哈利法克斯市的市民提供更正宗的中餐体验。

他们三人还试图为其他新商业引入业务合作伙伴。譬如，在唐顺中国菜餐厅，他们邀请了Calvin Tu和Vince Huang作为厨师。

唐顺中餐厅于今年二月开业。餐厅提供的菜式包含一些已经被人熟知的美式中餐，以及一些北美食客们可能不太熟悉的传统中餐。

“我们不善于经营企业，但是我们擅长寻找新的创业机会，我们希望找到更多人与我们合作。”徐先生说：“就像这两位厨师，我们希望他们视这家餐厅为自己的事业来经营。”

“我们希望让当地人知道，正宗的中餐是和美式中餐截然不同的。”该餐厅的合伙创办者之一的Stuart Xu表示： “二十年前，这里的人们对粉并不了解，现如今每个人都喜欢吃。我们希望能够把中国正宗传统美食带到加拿大，并且也以正宗的味道让其广为人知。” 美式中餐有像鸡肉炒饭和蛋卷之类。而炸鸡架、菠萝咕噜肉、凉拌黑木耳、带有辣蒜姜的鱼香茄子等却不被当地人熟知。徐先生说，位于Southgate Drive的餐厅也是哈法地区唯一的马队长兰州拉面连锁餐厅。 “这是许多中国学生和我们这一代人在中国非常喜欢的食物。”徐先生接着说：“这是一个有代表性的牌子，就像提起鸡肉，你们有Mary Brown，也有 KFC。” 徐先生还说，他们有意将少量菜式放在

客人对唐顺菜式的反馈是正面的，即便是一开始那些对正宗中国菜有些犹豫的客人也是如此。

鱼香盘龙茄子。唐顺希望保持每一道菜式新鲜正宗。 Braised eggplant with spicy garlic sauce. Tang Shun keeps its menu small and authentic. Katie Ingram

菜单上。

鲜的想法。

“我们希望每一道菜式都脱颖而出，并且一个小菜单能够有效地保证我们食物的优质。”他说：“一个复杂的菜单很难严格保证菜的质量，因为你要在几天或者一个月之前准备好所有的食材并且冰冻它们，这有悖于我们对食物力求新

对徐先生及他的商业伙伴来说，这种对食物品质的严控而带来挑战，相较于快餐行业，必不可少。在此之前， Dave Lu和 John Yuan让奶茶连锁店 Chatime进入新斯科舍省。他们以JSD 团队而被人熟知，他们现在管理该地区

“我们会为客人尝试中国菜而感到高兴。我们相信，他们一定会喜欢的。 ”徐先生说：“在我们向他们介绍这个菜单后，他们再也不想吃美式中餐了，他们更倾向于从我们推荐的传统菜菜单中选择食物。” 徐先生和他的合伙人都在考虑未来，他们希望能够成为加拿大大西洋马队长传统牛肉拉面的加盟商。“在一个有足够中国人口的地区，马队长一定会热销。”他说。有关更多唐顺中餐的信息，请访问： www.tangshun.ca。

11 of Halifax’s hottest ethnic food stores THE CHRONICLE HERALD As a port city, Halifax has always welcomed immigrants. After the English and French came, Lebanese, Greeks, Italians and Iranians have all since established their own thriving communities within the city. Soon after, Asian immigrants followed from China, Japan, Vietnam, Korea, Philippines and India. In more recent years, Hispanic immigrants — mostly from Mexico and Central America — have increased alongside Syrian and Afghan immigrants. A natural result of a cultural collision is

a broadening of the culinary landscape, as newer immigrants establish a foothold and create diversity in the city. You only have to look around at the array of restaurants offering ethnic cuisines from around the world to see how much Halifax has expanded in the past 10 years. But making an authentic curry, kimchi or Vietnamese pho in your own kitchen gets tricky without the right ingredients. As immigrants bring with them recipes from their homelands and Haligonian palates become more daring, ethnic grocery stores continue to sprout up; supplying us with the tastes of their cultures. They are scattered all

over the city and represent many corners of the culinary globe. If you have never taken the opportunity to cruise the ethnic food markets, looking at the packaging, smelling the products and reading the labels, you are missing out on one of the most interesting free excursions you can make. On an early Thursday morning, make your way to Tian Phat Asian Grocery Store located on the Bedford Highway. The smell of fresh greens permeates the jam-packed grocery store. Wednesdays and Thursdays are fresh produce delivery days for the store and sometimes, you may catch yourself tripping

over boxes piled high with Thai eggplants, Thai basil, Vietnamese coriander, bok choy, daikon radish and lethal looking green chillies. Though the storefront looks deceptively small from the street, once inside, its wellstocked aisles run deep. An entire aisle is dedicated to every spice imaginable. There are a dizzying variety of chutneys and pickles and every kind of tofu and miso paste. You may find yourself bouncing between the colourful, funky packaged candies and counting up to 45 different types of noodles before giving up.

CONTINUED ON PAGE 7

Dakai Maritimes • 打开加东

June 2018

Introducing home cooks to tastes of the world CONTINUED FROM PAGE 6 Giant bins and sacks of rice are packed into every corner of the store. The store’s refrigerated section down the one side of the store boasts vegetables like bok choy, kalian (or Chinese broccoli), galangal, tamarind, whole stalks of fresh lemongrass and lotus root as well as prepared foods like dumplings and kimchi. In the freezers, there are all sorts of meats and seafood — from frozen quail or duck to baby octopus, eel and fish foreign to our shores. Though many home cooks shop here these days, Tian Phat sells pretty much everything one would need to start an Asian restaurant. An entire aisle contains industrial-size woks, serving platters, clay pots, bamboo steamers, utensils and bamboo rice cookers. Couple Hieu and Linh Tram, have owned the store for 26 years and were part of the original Vietnamese “boat people.” They were refugees that fled a war-torn region in the mid ’70s after the Vietnam War ended. Risking everything, they eventually made their way to Canada as part of a sponsored church program. Hieu and Linh’s eldest daughter, who now helps them run the family business, was actually born on the boat they fled on andwhen they landed in Malaysia, they had to burn the boats for fear of being found. You may find yourself leaving the store with a satisfying sense of a morning

well spent — arms loaded with new ingredients, intrigued, educated and delighted that such a store is around. If you love to cook and are on the hunt for some of Halifax’s ethnic food stores that offer you a taste of authenticity, or you simply want your kids to experience other cultures and a sense of adventure, here are a few suggestions of where to go: 1. Tian Phat (Chinese, Vietnamese, Korean, Japanese, Fillipino) — 209 Bedford Highway. 2. JJ Korean Oriental Food (Korean) — 2326 Gottingen St. 3. Heiwa Oriental Market (Japanese and Korean) — 7018 Chebucto Rd. 4. Ca-Hao Grocery (Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam, Indonesia and Philippines) — 5483 Victoria Rd. 5. Taishan Asian Grocery (Korean, Chinese, Japanese) — 6466 Quinpool Rd. 6. MidEast Food Centre (Middle Eastern) — 2595 Agricola St. 7. House of Halal (Indian, Pakistani, Iranian, North African) — 14 Titus St. 8. Indian Groceries (Indian) — 2585 Robie St. 9. Yummy Deli (Russian, Polish, Ukrainian) — 3647 Dutch Village Rd. 10. Al-Arz Food and Pita Bakery (Lebanese, Middle Eastern, Halal) — 19 Alma Cres. 11. The Italian Market (Italian) — 6061 Young St.

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打开加东 • Dakai Maritimes

June 2018

特别报道

• Features

哈法最全多元民族超市清单 The Chronicle Herald 作为一个港口城市，哈利法克斯一直欢迎世界各地的人民移民于此。在英国人和法国人的到来后，黎巴嫩、希腊人、意大利人和伊朗人也相继而来，他们都在这里建立了繁荣的社区。不久之后，来自于中国，日本，越南，韩国，菲律宾，印度的亚洲移民也来到这个城市。近年来，西班牙裔移民，主要来自墨西哥和中美洲，与叙利亚和阿富汗移民的数量也在增长。随着新移民的到来，文化交流碰撞的自然结果就产生了烹饪的融合。但是如果没有合适的配料，我们很难在自己的厨房制作真正的咖喱、泡菜或越南粉。随着移民的到来，他们也带来了家乡的味道。哈利法克斯的民族杂货店越来越多，遍布整个城市，代表着美食界的不同味道。一个星期四的早晨，我来到了位于 Bedford高速公路的天发亚洲杂货店。我此行有两个目的，一是寻找青柠叶，二是带着我的小儿子进行我们日常的小探险，去感受来自不同世界的文化和味道。新鲜果蔬的味道弥漫在这间拥挤的杂货店。周三、四是商店新鲜农产品到货日，我们越过堆叠着泰国茄子，越南香菜，中国白菜、萝卜和辣椒的箱子。虽然店面看起来很小，但店内库存充足。就配料来讲，我最喜欢的是柴鱼片 Katsuobushi。这些精致的薄片是由干燥和发酵后的金枪鱼制作而成的。把一小片包片放在烤架上和蔬菜烤，将会颠覆你的味觉体验。我的儿子连留在色彩鲜艳、包装精美的

糖果上。商店里的每一个角落堆满了大型储蓄桶和大袋的大米，商店一侧的冷藏室里存放着一些蔬菜，如白菜、花椰菜、高良姜、罗望子、新鲜柠檬草和莲藕，还有饺子和泡菜等食品，以及各种肉类和海鲜---从冷冻鹌鹑或鸭子到小章鱼、鳗鱼和鱼类。天发几乎可以提供开办一家亚洲餐厅所需的一切。里面的厨具有包括有商业用的砂锅、碗碟、陶锅、竹蒸笼、餐具和竹制电饭锅。店主的小女儿Christine Tran负责今早的收银工作，她的母亲带来了一盘越南炖菜。她的父亲Hieu Tran在后门进进出出，搬运源源不断的货物。她的父母Hieu和Linh Tram已经将这家店营业了26年了，他们是原来越南“ 船民”的一部分。他们是越战后的七十年代中期逃离战乱地区的难民。经过一番努力和冒险，他们最终成为赞助教会计划的一部分人前往加拿大。

天发杂货各式米的种类，玲琅满目。 Rice options at Tian Phat.

味道：

她告诉我们，现在帮助经营家里生意的姐姐是出生在他们逃离的船上，当他们登陆马来西亚时，不得不烧毁船只以免被发现。她将我介绍给了Linh，并对我们的谈话进行了翻译。 Linh笑着说，他们的第一选择其实是天气宜人的澳大利亚，但是现在哈利法克斯就是他们的家。

1. Tian phat （中国、越南、韩国、日本、菲律宾）209 Bedford HWY.

我们离开了这家商店，感受到了来自早晨的美好，对Christine分享的故事感到激动而新奇。我的儿子对越南、战争、难民以及我们用柠檬草做什么而喋喋不休地提出问题。

4 .Ca Hao Grocery （中国、日本、韩国、马来西亚、新加坡、泰国、越南、印度尼西亚和菲律宾）5483 Victoria Rd。

如果您喜欢烹饪，并且对民族食品店感兴趣，这些商店将能够给您提供纯正的

2. JJ Korean Oriental Food （韩国）2326 Gottingen St. 3. Heiwa Oriental Market （日本、韩国）7018 Chebucto Rd.

5. Taishan Asian Grocery （韩国、中国、日本）6466 Quinpool Rd.

Herald File

6. Mid East Food Centre（中东）2595 Agricola St. 7. House of Halal （印度、巴基斯坦、伊朗、北非）14 Titus St. 8. Indian Groceries （印度）2585 Robie St. 9. Yummy Deli （俄罗斯、波兰、乌克兰）3647 Dutch Village Rd. 10. Al-Arz Food and Pita Bakery （黎巴嫩、中东、清真）19 Alma Cres. 11. The Italian Market（意大利） 6061 Young St.

The ‘日(sun)’ symbol and its related Chinese characters part I QIANYI GAO The ancient Chinese created the word “sun” by drawing. We can find it on the Oracle inscriptions; It was a circle with a dot inside. The dot represented the sun, and the circle represented the

surrounding light. If the shape had not changed, it would be easily understood by Westerners who have not learned Chinese. However, the pictorial symbols eventually became text symbols, and need explanation for understanding them. Including the word ‘sun,’ those primit-

ive symbols once changed their shape. In the history of writing, it is called “Li Bian.” “Li Bian” made all the strokes of a symbol framed in an invisible grid. The entire character should be a square one. This rule was once applied on the character for the sun, it became like this: 日. The circle became a

square, and the original dot evolved to the middle ‘hyphen.’ The symbol 日(ri, sun) was one of the most active elements in creating new words. Words such as people人, woman女, as previously introduced, were

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Dakai Maritimes • 打开加东

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打开加东 • Dakai Maritimes

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汉字

‘日(sun)’ symbol CONTINUED FROM PAGE 8 active elements in creating new words because of their powerful ideographic functions. And the 日symbol was also one of the members of the “prolific” character. The characters formed in conjunction with it can represent time, brightness, warmth, correctness, intelligence and some related actions. The salient feature of the sun in people’s eyes is that it is constantly moving. Therefore, by describing the position of the sun, some words for ‘time’ appeared. The two hieroglyphs 旦(dan) and 旭(xu), for instance, mean

‘sunrise.’ The underline at the bottom of each word refers to the horizon. So the character 旦(dan) also refers to the dawn of time. Another example; the original pictorial meaning of the character 莫(mo) was a drawing of ‘the sun among the grass,’ telling us that it originally meant ‘sunset.’ However, the usage of this word has changed, people now use the word 暮(mu) instead. The movement of the sun is basically stable in people’s eyes. So in addition to the above three words, there are more time words. The following examples are not all pictograms, yet, what they have in commonis the

‘日’sun radical. 时(shi) is the term for ‘time’ itself. 春(chun) is for ‘spring.’ ‘The end of a month’ is 晦(hui). ‘Ten days’ is 旬(xun). The word for ‘yesterday’ is 昨(zuo), for ‘long time ago’ is 昔(xi) and for ‘tomorrow’ is 昱(yu). The sun also tells us the feeling of a ‘day.’ So the character ‘日’(ri) itself also means ‘day.’ Additionally, there are many words that describe different periods of the day. 旦(dan), as mentioned earlier, means sunrise and also means the time when the sun rises. Other words that have the meaning of ‘morning’ are : 曙(shu ), 晓(xiao) and 晨(chen). Other times of the day, there is ‘晌’(shang）or noon; ‘昏’(hun) or dusk and ‘晚’(wan), the time after the sun disappears.

• Language

Since some characters with a sun radical are ‘time sensitive,’ they may express early or late. For example, the word 早(zao) originally meant ‘morning,’ and now its adjective form which means ‘early’ is more frequently used than the original noun form. 晚(wan) is another example. Originally meant ‘dusk,’ it now means both ‘dusk’ and ‘late.’ Ancient people observed the sun and created new characters with the sun radical. The ancient Chinese people used the sun to improve their material and spiritual lives and reflected these on the Chinese characters. There are much more stories about this group of Chinese characters, which we’ll continue to explore in the next edition.

“日”及日字偏旁汉字I 形字，但它们的共同点是含有日字偏旁。如时（shi）字，本身就有日字偏旁。代表四季之一的“春”、月末的 “晦”、表时间段的“旬”、表过去时间的“昨”、“昔”，表将来的“昱” 等都有日字偏旁。

作者：高倩艺古代中国人通过画图创造了“日”字。这个字在甲骨文里是一个圆圈里面有一个圆点的形状。圆点代表太阳，圆圈代表周围的光线。如果形状没有改变，对于没有接触过汉字的西方人也将很容易理解。然而，图画符号终究变成了文字符号，需要解释才能明白。

太阳告诉我们“一天”的感觉。所以 “日”字还有一义就是“一天”。另外，表述一天的不同时段也要用到很多日字偏旁的字。“旦”，如前所述，意味着日出，也是太阳升起的早晨。其他具有“草晨”义的字有：曙，晓。一天的其它时段还有“晌”，指中午； “昏”，指傍晚，和“晚”，指太阳消失后的时间。

这些包括“日”字在内的较为原始的文字符号一度改变了其形状。文字史上称其为“隶变”。隶变使得字的所有笔画都被框在一个无形的格子里。也就是说，无论四角上的笔画如何，整个汉字都应该呈现出方形。于代表太阳的这个字来说，它就变成：日。圆圈成了方块，中间的短横演化自原先的那个点。 “日”（ri，sun）字构字能力极强。与之前介绍的“人”、“女” 类似，这些字符由于其强大的表意功能而成为创制新词的部件。与“多产”的“日” 构成的字，可以表示时间，亮度，温暖，正确性，智能以及一些相关的行动。日，也就是太阳，其显著特征是它不停地在移动。因此，通过描述太阳的位置，一些表时间的词出现了。例如，旦

123RF

由于一些日字偏旁汉字表述时间，因而它们又可能表达早或迟。例如， “早”（zao）这个词本来的意思是早晨，现在它的形容词形式却要比原先的名词形式用得多。“晚”（wan）是另一个例子，最初的意思是黄昏，现在多了一个“迟”的义项。

分。不过由于这个词的用法已经改变，人们现在用“暮” 字代替“莫”字。太阳的运动在人们的眼中基本是稳定的。所以除了上述三字外，还有更多的时间词。以下所举的例子虽然不都是象

现在我们知道古代人观察并感受太阳，用日字偏旁创制了很多汉字。换句话说，中国古代人民利用太阳，改善了物质生活和精神生活，并把这些都反映在汉字上。关于这组汉字还有很多趣闻，让我们在下一期继续探讨。

汉字“日”的演化。

The evolving of the Chinese character “日” or ‘sun’.

（dan）和旭（xu）这两个象形字，它们的意思是日出，其底部的下划线指地平线；“旦”就指太阳在地平线上的天明时分。“莫”字，其原始图画意义是 “草中的太阳”，也就表示“日落”时

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