architecture at zero competition - Tesi Master Abita 2016

master abita A.A. 2015/2016

nZERO - FOUNDATION

nZERO - FOUNDATION P RO G E T TO D I U N O ST U D E N TATO EC O S O ST E N I B I L E P E R L ’ U N I V E R S I TA ’ D I S A N F R A N C I S C O

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nZERO-FOUNDATION

IS A COMPLEX FUTURE ORIENTED STUDENT

HOUSING.

IT HAS BEEN DESIGNED THINKING ABOUT THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PLACE THAT SURROUNDS IT, THE SPECIFIC CLIMATIC PROPERTIES OF THE REGION, AND THE NEEDS OF THE FINAL USERS. THE LINEAR SHAPES OF THE BUILDINGS (DIVIDED IN four DIFFERENT BLOCKS) MINIMIZE THE EXPOSED SURFACES, AND PERMIT A MORE COMPACT HOUSING COMPLEX DESPITE ITS SIZE, SHAPED WITH VOIDS THAT PERMIT THE NATURAL VENTILATION. THE PRINCIPAL URBAN GOAL IS TO CREATE A SMART, WELL DEFINED SOCIAL SPACE, REALIZED THROUGH THE CREATION OF SEVERAL INTERSECTING SQUARES AND GARDENS THAT MATCH WITH DIFFERENT HEIGHTS PATHS AND WALKWAYS AND PERMIT CONTINUITY BEETWEEN SUB-URBAN SPACES AND THE CAMPUS. THE IMPORTANCE TO DISTINGUISH THE ACCESSIBILITY OF THE GARDENS IS CRUCIAL, AND ALLOWS INVOLVEMENT OF THE ENTIRE COMMUNITY TO THE INCLUSION PROJECT, BUT AT THE SAME TIME GUARANTEES THE EXCLUSIVITY AND THE SENSE OF BELONGING TO THE CAMPUS BY THE STUDENTS.

Competition Program and Zero Net Energy contest briefing Considerations Competition Program and Zero Net Energy Considerations

COMPETITION PROGRAM COMPETITION PROGRAM

The Architecture at Zero 2016 competition challenge is to create a zero net energy student housing project at the San Francisco State University campus.

The competition has two components. First, entrants will create an overall site plan to

The Architecture at Zero 2016 competition challenge is to create a zero net energy student housing project at the San Francisco State University campus.

accommodate the program outlined below. Entrants are encouraged to highlight any energy efficiency strategies or systems shown, especially ones that apply to a district scale. Second, entrants will design one building, in detail, to indicate zero net energy (ZNE) performance. In order to demonstrate the building design and its performance, entrants will provide required documentation and may also include supplementary documentation.

The competition has two components. First, entrants will create an overall site plan to accommodate the program outlined below. Entrants are encouraged to highlight any energy THE CHALLENGE efficiency strategies or systems shown, especially ones that apply to a district scale. Second, The office of the President of SFSU, at the urging of the San Francisco Board of Supervisors, seeks to entrants design building, detail, create student housing inwill the northern area ofone the campus for single andin married students.to Theindicate zero net energy (ZNE) performance. In order challenge will be to develop a district energy plan for 784 housing units and associated uses in the to demonstrate the building design and its performance, entrants will provide required North Valley of campus. The 6.4-acre site overlooks the campus baseball field and tennis courts and has views to Lake Merced. The Pacific Ocean may be seen from upper stories of the new buildings. documentation and may also include supplementary documentation.

Existing metal and temporary buildings on the site will be replaced by new student housing, student services, and a childcare facility. The total anticipated development on this site is estimated at 960,000 square feet.

THE CHALLENGE

SITE SURFACE:

6,0 ACRE = 25.899 mq

HOUSING The 784 new housing units will include:

The office of the President of SFSU, at the urging of the San Francisco Board of Supervisors, seeks to BUILDING DEVELOPMENT: 960.000 SF = 89.186 MQ create student housing in the northern area of the campus for single and married students. The  531 shared suites / 2124 beds (for freshmen and sophomores- first and second year BUILDING 85 FEET = 25,90 M students): HEIGHTS LIMIT: challenge will be to develop a district energy plan for 784 housing units and associated uses in the Shared suites are for four (4) students and contain 4 bedrooms or 2 shared bedrooms (with 2 beds Valley ofUNITS: campus. each), 1North or 2 bathrooms, and 1 compact living space. The 6.4-acre site overlooks the campus baseball field and tennis courts and 748 NEW HOUSING has views to Lake Merced. The Pacific Ocean may be seen from upper stories of the new buildings.

1.400 GSF = 130,00 MQ

531 SHARED SUITS (2124 BEDS)

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- 2 OR 4 BEDROOMS

Existing metal and temporary buildings on the site will be replaced by new housing, student - 1student OR 2 BATHROOMS - 1 COMPACT LIVING SPACE services, and a childcare facility. The total anticipated development on this site is estimated at - NO KITCHEN 960,000 square feet.

860 GSF = 79.90 MQ

HOUSING The 784 new housing units will include:

253 APARTMENTS (506 BEDS) -

1 O 2 BEDROOMS 1 BATHROOM 1 LIVING ROOM FULL KITCHEN

STUDENT SERVICES:



X 1625 SF = and 2 X 150,90 MQ - 65and SEATsecond LECTURE year HALLS 531 shared suites / 2124 beds (for2freshmen sophomoresfirst 8.000 INT. SF + 6.600 EXT. SF = 743,22 INT. MQ + 613,16 EXT MQ - CHILDCARE CENTER students): 12.000 SF = 1.114,80 MQ - DINING CENTER

- COFFE SHOP - STUDENT LOUNGE

Shared suites are for four (4) students and contain 4 bedrooms5 or bedrooms (with 2 beds X 2 shared - MEETING ROOMS PARKING: each), 1 or 2 bathrooms, and 1 compact living space.

0,25 SPACES PER PERSON IN SUITES 0,5 SPACES PER PERSON IN APARTMENTS 40 SPACES RESERVED FOR CAR SHARING

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784 STRUCTURED PARKING SPACES

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Constraints Topography/Accessibility The most significant constraint to the physical design of the campus is its steep topography. The valley is the most dramatic example, but throughout the campus, there are areas where slopes far exceed accessibility requirements.

19th Avenue and Lake Merced Boulevard 19th Avenue is both a formidable barrier and safety hazard. Safe access to and from the Muni stop and across 19th Avenue at Holloway poses a significant challenge. Similarly, Lake Merced Boulevard acts as a barrier between the campus and the lake’s recreational and environmental resources.

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Opportunities Green Network The valley presents a resource with extraordinary environmental, recreational, visual, and image value for the campus. The potential for a continuous greenbelt between the campus and Lake Merced offers benefits for both the campus and community.

Connections across the Valley The diagram identifies potential sites to span—and celebrate—the valley. The site to the east of Cox Stadium, where the valley narrows, would provide an internal connection between the core and University Park North. The site to the west would provide a connection between the campus and Stonestown.

Improved Transit As the main transit anchor for the entire southwest quadrant of San Francisco, SFSU has the potential to make a great impact on transit services if it chooses to participate in current and future planning processes affecting 19th Avenue and the wider City and County of San Francisco. Key areas to address include multimodal transportation along 19th Avenue; pedestrian concerns between the M Metro Line stop and the campus on 19th Avenue, and improved speed, reliability and signal priority for the M Metro Line and Route 28.

Increased Bicycle Usage The below-average share of bicycle commuting to SFSU could be increased by working with the city to create a more complete, safe, and comfortable bicycle network in the vicinity of campus. Also, SFSU could improve on-campus conditions for bicyclists by providing convenient access routes and parking facilities throughout all areas of campus.

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SITE CONSIDERATIONS: - THE SITE IS CHARACTERIZED BY FOG BECAUSE OF HIGH LEVEL OF RELATIVE HUMIDITY WHICH IS NEAR 80% FOR ALL THE YEAR; - THE FASTEST WINDS ARE BEETWEEN 17 km/h (10,5 mp/h) AND 26 km/h (16,1 mp/h) COMING FROM WEST-SOUTH/WEST SIDE; - THE MOST FREQUENT WINDS ORIGINATE FROM WEST-SOUTH/WEST; - SEA BREEZE INFLUENCE TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY, CREATING COLD AND DUMP WINDS COMING FROM WEST DURING SUMMER; - DIURNAL AVERAGE TEMPERATURE HAVE A RANGE BETWEEN

Annual wind rose (frequency distribution)

9 째 C (48 째F) AND 16 째C (61 째F).

Diurnal weather Averages 8

Annual wind rose (speed distribution)

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PRELIMINARY SKETCHES

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WIND CONTROL:

- TAKE ADVANTAGE OF FRESH WINDS DURING SUMMER TO INCREASE CROSSVENTILATION AND REDUCE MECHANICAL;

ENVIRONMENT:

- BENEFIT FROM EXISTING VEGETATION BUFFER ALONG EAST SIDE OF THE SITE TO REDUCE NOISE AND COLD WINDS; - CREATE NEW GARDENS AT DIFFERENT LEVELS TO MULTIPLY GREEN SOCIALIZATION SPACES; - RECOVER RAINWATER FOR DOMESTIC USE;

SUN SHADING:

- A DOUBLE SKINNED WALL SURROUNDS THE BUILDING, REDUCES SUN PENETRATION DURING SUMMER MONTHS AND LETS THE LIGHT AND HEAT IN DURING WINTER MONTHS;

BUFFER SPACES:

- PASSIVE SOLAR DESIGN PRE-HEAT AIR ENTERING ADIACENT ROOMS AND HEAP MAINTAIN THERMAL COMFORT INDOOR; - ADJUSTABLE WINDOWS PERMIT THE USERS TO CONTROL NATURAL VENTILATION ACCORDING TO THEIR OWN NEEDS; - INTERMEDIATE SPACE PERMIT A FLEXIBLE USE, IDEAL FOR DRAIN CLOTHING, SUMMER LECTURE ROOM OR OUTDOOR DOGHOUSE

DISTRIBUTION BALCONY:

-FACING THE INTERNAL COURT, IT MAKES IT POSSIBLE TO CREATE TWO-SIDED OVERLOOKING APARTMENTS, AND GENERATES VERTICAL STACK EFFECT THROUGH VENTILATION GRIDS;

ROOF GARDEN:

- CREATE HIGH INSULATED ROOFTOPS; - GENERATE EXCLUSIVE SHARED SPACES IDEAL FOR SOCIALIZATION AND WITH HIGH SOLAR EXPOSITION.

EFFICIENT HEATING:

- MECHANICAL AIR SYSTEMS WITH HEAT RECOVERY REDUCE HEAT LOSSES; - VERTICAL GEOTHERMAL SYSTEM LINKED WITH HEAT PUMPS PERMITS HIGH EFFICIENT HEATING SYSTEM

ENVELOPE:

- LOW U-VALUE (TRANSMITTANCE) WALLS AND WINDOWS REDUCE HEAT LOSSES DURING COLD SEASON AND MINIMISE MECHANICAL INTERVENTION DURING SUMMER.

design strategy

PROJECT development

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PLAN +1 MAIN ELEVATION PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM: 230 GROUPS X 4 PANELS ( BLOCK “A” ROOFTOP )

110 GROUPS X 4 PANELS ( BLOCK “C” ROOFTOP )

105 PANELS ( SLOPING ROOFS )

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nZERO-FOUNDATION IS ALSO GREEN, .

THE PRINCIPAL GOAL OF THE PROJECT IS TO BE AS NEAR AS POSSIBLE TO ZERO CONSUMPTION, MAINTAINING REASONABLE REALIZATION COSTS. TO REACH THE TARGET IT ADOPTS DIFFERENT STRATEGIES TO REDUCE HEAT LOSSES DURING WINTER (BUFFER SPACES, ROOFGARDENS, LOW TRANSMITTANCE GLASSES AND WALLS, LED LIGHTS) AND DURING SUMMER (BRISE-SOLEIL, NATURAL SHADING, NATURAL DAYLIGHTING, HIGH EFFICIENCY MECHANICAL VENTILATION SYSTEMS). IT AIMS TO COLLECT AND MANAGE RAINWATER COMING FROM ROOFS AND NON-PERMEABLE SOILS FOR DOMESTIC AND WATERING USES, RECOVER HEAT FROM GEOTHERMAL AND PRODUCE ENERGY FROM PHOTOVOLTAIC ON THE ROOFTOP.

photovoltaic system

staircase, place to sit and enjoy sunny days

external access to childcare center garden

AERIAL VIEW SIMULATION elevated walkway that replaces old stairway and connect with central square and covered areas where students can enjoy cloudy days

rooftop garden: exclusive students access

non accessible rooftop garden main block “a� square underground parking access

unit floor plan

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4 bedrooms suit

2 bedrooms apartment

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DETAIL SKETCHES

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ADJUSTABLE DEVICES winter configuration. it maximizes solar gain, solar greenhouse concept

heated/cooled indoor internal triple-glass low-emissive window u-value: 0.3 w/mq*k external double-glass window, u-value: 1.45 w/mq*k adjustable shading devices

summer configuration (midday). it maximizes solar screening during hottest times but let uniform daylight in

spring/autumn configuration. free form configuration is ideal to mediate between daylighting and aesthetic shapes

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ILLUSTRATED SECTION SOUTH/WEST FACADE

ACCESSIBLE ROOF-GARDEN

BUFFER SPACE

LINEAR WINDOW RUNs THe LENGHT OF THE WALL TO LET DAYLIGHT IN

DISTRIBUTION BALCONY

CROSS-VENTILATION

ADJUSTABLE devices

STUDENT SERVICES AT GROUND FLOOR

UNDERGROUND PARKING

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illustrated section WEST - east section BIOCLIMATIC STRATEGIES

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1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

south-west oriented photovoltaic panels integrated brise’ soleil glazed buffer space exposed thermal mass rooftop garden green environment rainwater store

illustrated section NORTH - SOUTH section BIOCLIMATIC STRATEGIES

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illustrated section WEST - east section

elevated walkway that replaces old stairway and connect with central squares and covered areas where students can enjoy cloudy days

rooftop garden: exclusive students access

photovoltaic system

underground mechanical and parking covered childcare center garden

staircase, place to sit and enjoy sunny days

student services ground level rooftop garden: non accessible

public garden: free access

masterplan

SOLAR SIMULATION - PLAN

SUMMER SOLSTICE - JUNE 21ST

09.00 A.M.

12.00 A.M.

17.00 P.M.

12.00 A.M.

17.00 P.M.

12.00 A.M.

16.00 P.M.

SPRING/AUTUMN EQUINOX - MARCH/SEPTEMBER 21ST

WINTER SOLSTICE - DECEMBER 21ST

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09.00 A.M.

09.00 A.M.

VERTICAL WOODEN BRISE-SOLEIL EASILY LET LOWER SUN IN DURING COLD SEASON

SOLAR SIMULATION - ELEVATION WEST- SOUTH/WEST FACADE WINTER SOLSTICE

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VERTICAL WOODEN BRISE-SOLEIL MILDLY LET SUN IN DURING MID-SEASON

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SOLAR SIMULATION - ELEVATION WEST- SOUTH/WEST FACADE SPRING/AUTUMN EQUINOX

SOLAR SIMULATION - ELEVATION WEST- SOUTH/WEST FACADE SUMMER SOLSTICE

VERTICAL WOODEN BRISE-SOLEIL MOSTLY STOP THE SOLAR RAYS DURING HOTTEST SEASON, EXPECIALLY IN THE HIGHEST LEVELS, WHERE THE STRIPS INCREASE OF NUMBER

JUNE 21 2016 - 17:00 P.M.

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building performance analysis BUILDING MODELING (BLOCK “A” analysis)

CONCEPTUAL MODEL: - underground level:

parking

(natural ventilation)

- ground floor level: services

(heated, cooled)

- from 1st to 7th level: apartments/suits

(heated/cooled)

GREEN BUILDING STUDIO - CONCEPTUAL MODEL

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building performance analysis PROJECT ASSUMPTIONS (BLOCK “A” analysis)

ECOTECT - CONCEPTUAL MODEL

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water heating chart Btu

building performance analysis monthly energy consumption percentage chart

energy chart Btu

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total consumption chart Btu

EN. MOD_default

Floor Area: 249,868 ft²

Location: San Francisco, CA

Base Run

building performance analysis RESULTS

Design Alternative

Energy, Carbon and Cost Summary Annual Energy Cost $206,848

U

Fuel Cost: $0.80 / Therm

Carbon (BLOCK “A” analysis)

Estimated Energy & Cost Summary BLOCK-A RENEWABLE ENERGY PRODUCTION

Foo

Alternate Ru

Conditioned floor surface: ...... 250,000 sf

Annua

Annual Energy Cost $154,597

Partial EUI: .............................. 24.0 kBTU/sf/year

Lifecycle Cost $2,817,273 Annual CO2 Emissions

Lifecycle Cost $2,105,606

PV net surface:

................... 23,000 sf

Annual CO Emissions PV2theorical peak production:

Electric 494.2 tons Onsite Fuel 258.1 tons Large SUV Equivalent 68.4 SUVs / Year Annual Energy

(23,000 sf : 67 sf per kWatt) Electric 340.3 tons = ............................................. 343 kWatt/h = ............................................. 1170.3 kBTU

Onsite Fuel 119.4 tons

PV theorical annual production (tool results): Large SUV Equivalent 41.8

Natural Ven

On

597,240 kWatt/h/yr SUVs / YearkBTU/yr 2,037,867

Annual Energy PV energy use intensity ........... 8.1 kBTU/sf/year

Energy Use Intensity (EUI) 24 kBtu / ft² / year

Onsite Rene

Energy Use Intensity (EUI) 24 kBtu / ft² / year

Net

Net Large S Assumptions

Electric 1,451,363 kWh

Electric 1,171,059 kWh

NET EUI: 24.0 kBtu/sf/yr - 8.1 kBtu/sf/yr =

Fuel 44,503 Therms Annual Peak Demand 395.3 kW Lifecycle Energy

*15.9 kBtu/sf/year

Electric Pow

Annual Peak Demand 425.1 kW Lifecycle Energy

Electric 43,540,890 kW Fuel 1,335,085 Therms Assumptions

Fuel 20,586 Therms

*

the “n” factor of the nzero foundation arises from the necessity to consider the entire life Electric 35,131,770 kW cycle building consumptions. in fact, reaching “zero” value is unnecessary, if Fuel 617,569 Therms emissions. it means to increase co2 overall

Assumptions

Assumptions

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occupant behavior in order to enhance the energetical potential of the building-system and to involve the direct occupants of the apartments, several strategies were designed: ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................

- provide a behavior user manual: it explains the main actions occupant should provide for his apartment efficiency (how to adjust window devices for natural ventilation/daylighting, how to reduce water waste depending from bad habits, when it’s advisable to use high-energy appliances) ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................

- provide a specific app: whit this application, the user can set lighs diming and timers, easily set the ideal themperature for its own need, estimate the globad consumption for its apartment and confront the average of the entire district. ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................

- stimulate competition between apartments: several screens inside the service spaces will show the results of the monthly energy ranking, and the more efficient apartments will receive special coins for the rent of car sharing, special discounts to buy electric (or traditional) bikes or other rewards strictly connected with this philosophy. ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................

- promote good habits: providing the campus with the sufficient number of bicycle racks allows people to limit the use of cars, and the installation of adequate number of trash baskets and drinking fountains help to keep clean the shared gardens and to avoid useless purchases of plastic bottles.

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master abita 2015-2016 studente: matricola:

arch. danilo rinaldi 6037625 arch.rinaldi@hotmail.com www.r2arcstudio.com

relatore:

prof. ing. vincenzo donato vincenzo.donato@unifi.it

relatore:

prof. arch. lucia ceccherini nelli lucia.ceccherininelli@unifi.it

universita’:

unifi - centro interuniversitario abita centro@abita.unifi.it

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nZERO - FOUNDATION A P P E N DIC E 1 FAMIGLIA PARAMETRICA INFISSO

a

b

PROCESSO DI MODELLAZIONE DELLA FAMIGLIA: CREAZIONE MODELLO DI PARTENZA: LAMELLA (MODELLO GENERICO) NIDIFICAZIONE IN: ANTA (MODELLO GENERICO BASATO SU PIANO) NIDIFICATO IN: INFISSO (MODELLO GENERICO BASATO SU PIANO) NIDIFICATO IN: PANNELLO (PANNELLO DI FACCIATA CONTINUA)

c

PROCESSO DI MODELLAZIONE DELLA FAMIGLIA: CREAZIONE MODELLO DI PARTENZA: LAMELLA (MODELLO GENERICO) NIDIFICAZIONE IN: ANTA (MODELLO GENERICO BASATO SU PIANO) NIDIFICAZIONE IN: INFISSO (MODELLO GENERICO BASATO SU PIANO) NIDIFICATO IN: PANNELLO (PANNELLO DI FACCIATA CONTINUA)

d

PROCESSO DI MODELLAZIONE DELLA FAMIGLIA: CREAZIONE MODELLO DI PARTENZA: LAMELLA (MODELLO GENERICO) NIDIFICAZIONE IN: ANTA (MODELLO GENERICO BASATO SU PIANO) NIDIFICAZIONE IN: INFISSO (MODELLO GENERICO BASATO SU PIANO) NIDIFICAZIONE IN: PANNELLO (PANNELLO DI FACCIATA CONTINUA)

e

INSERIMENTO DELLA FAMIGLIA ALL’ INTERNO DI UN MURO DEL TIPO FACCIATA CONTINUA (COURTAIN WALL)

f

nZERO - FOUNDATION A P P E N DIC E 2 PROGETTI PREMIATI The project is inspired by the eucalyptus canopy already on the site and aims to create a park of trees and buildings on the campus.

This project aims to achieve more than zero net energy consumption, it aims to produce more energy than it consumes. The buildings will mainly produce electricity through their photovoltaic canopy. The extra electricity produce each day, mainly on peak hours (near noon) but with low electricity demands will be used to charge electric car batteries to provide green transportation to the university.

The electric car batteries will also work as energy buffers, to store each day energy that can also be used during the night in the buildings.

So theoretically, thanks to the sun and bio mass, the project could be self-energy sufficient and don’t need any energy supplier.

To achieve a high comfort standard, the building will catch as much sun as they can in the winter and as less as they can in summer. This will be achieved by big openings in south, west and east facade with different kinds of solar protections.

The buildings are based on a concrete structure (as Le Corbusier’s domino house). This structure will provide a good inertia to the housings. The facade walls will be made of prefabricated wall elements with a high insolation coefficient based on the Panobloc technology from Techniwood®.

The conjunction of both those elements will provide a good thermal comfort to inhabitants all year. Heating will be provided by thermal pumps and mechanical ventilation which will be fed at 100% by the photovoltaics panels.

Housings

Apartments floor plan (1 and 2 bedrooms)

Parkings

Common space

(Dining center, coffee shops, student lounge, meeting rooms, Child care th/South orientation bias is established within a single-loaded corridor model. center)

ROOFTOP TOWNHOUSES ALONG PIEZO CIRCUIT

ed to the northern edges to relinquish more open and shared social spaces to expanding communal spaces to balance fostering social networks with providing

PIEZEIN CIRCUIT

MASSING STRATEGY

Functions on the ground floor and first floor

on of this unit typology manifests as a serpentine structure strongly informed entation to improve passive solar heat gain and natural lighting. The continuous of diversely programmed courtyards with connections to the greater campus and

Calculated Energy Use (kWh/sf/year)

Calculated Energy Use (kWh/year) for one tour

HVAC

0.8

14 226

Lighting

1.4

24 443

Shared suites floor plan

R wall = 6,47m2.K.W-1 U wall = 0,1546 W.m-2.K-1

Piezein Circuit will become a fulcrum for the San Francisco State University campus as well as the surrounding neighborhood. It sits as a hinge between a regional retail center, an underutilized SDP 1664 lake and public park, the campus core, high density housing, and recreational facilities. We are proposing to use the pedestrian path as an architectural a generator for neighborhood spaces, and Surfacearmature, SF 17911.15 a production platform for renewable energy — all from the idea of a 3.

Corridor Subtractions simple stroll.

GE

UTER

LOUN

COMM

Appliances and Plug Loads 1. Starting Volume

43402

optimize solar orientation

respond to view of the bay and

Domestic Hot Water volumes defining a central yard

3.0

Total Consumption

6.6

Renewable Production

5.9

Net EUI

-0.7

SLEEP

NOURISH

FITNESS

GATHER

LAUNDRY

DEVOTION

RELAX

The sustainable components of the Piezein begin at the scale of allow cross ventilation in Circuit every unit the individual user and living unit. Both passive and active sustainable design features address all scales they are propogated along the piezoelectric path from doorstep to streetscape, the building and beyond.

118 215

PASSIVE DESIGN Micro-impluviums are used in key locations, such as the denser areas

facade hierarchy

provide renewable energy and the opportunity for taxTo subsidies.

COMMUTER

Ventilation

Loft Unit

Section

Scale: 1”=100’ Vegetative wind buffer and environmental improvement (shading and humidity)

Shutter and sun blocker 4: PERSPECTIVE DRAWING HERE Unit 1: PROJECT NARRATIVE TEXT HERE Cross-ventilation Unit 3: UNIT FLOOR PLAN(S) HERE (combine 1Unit and 3 in the space provided)

the users’ audible & haptic relationship with water.

2

5

4

Unit

In a net zero building with such a high occupancy, it’s difficult to dismiss being continuously exerted by its residents. In multiCommon there is a constant ebb and flow of human activity space 10 throughout the common circulation and gathering spaces. In order to harvest this energy produced, an organized series of circulation Daylighting - Building orientation as well as window conduits are situated throughout the building, guiding foot traffic into Common strategies maximize daylighting in all units and each corridor. calculated stretches. Clusters of piezoelectric floor tiles are placed in space 5 these paths to capture the wasted energy from the applied pressure BART stop / Bikeenergy Barn into electricity, Car Sharing - Parking spots along the southern of of theedge occupants’ footsteps,1.convert this kinetic Lecture Rooms + Residents and programs then redistribute it as 2. needed.

One principal path is generated the site are reserved for electric cars, car-sharing ACCESS + LIGHT 3. Retail/Restaurants + Residentsleads electricity andPhotovoltaic given prominence by design.

This for celebrated passageway and bike racks.

CUTTING OPENINGS IN THE BUILDING FORM AND 0 TERRACING ALLOWS CIRCULATION AND ACCESS through the entire complex acts Yard as a significant generator of 4. and Central electric cars INTO DEVELOPED COURTYARD SPACES AVG SUNLIGHT HOURS/DAY building form, winding its way through all major spaces, spilling out DURING WINTER MONTHS 5. Child Care + Residents to major public and university thoroughfares, and providing some of 6.

Dining Hall + Residents March Mai July January September November the best vistas the site can7.offer.

This encourages more use, further Waste aiding in the piezoelectric energy harvesting efforts, while having the Monthly enduse energy consumption and production added benefit of contributing to the increased overall health of the NET ZERO STRATEGY SOCIAL STRATEGY AND BENEFITS occupants.

Restored Landscape -

4: PERSPECTIVE DRAWING HERE

4 BEDROOM UNIT

Solar arrays on rooftops provide

a large scale, practical form of renewable energy, grid-tied solar photovoltaic (PV) panels are applied to roofs and facades in areas with the most Rainwater Collection - Illustrated in the section and efficient orientation and full sun exposure. A photovoltaic thermal hybrid system (PVT) is used on roofs in conjunction with this site plan to the right, rainwater and stormwater troughs carve to also provide for water heating, as this is much more efficient than a Vegetative roof and ‘snake’ through the landscape. As a result, this system pure PV design, and the cooling effect of water assists in generating maximizes water collection while simultaneously enriching electricity at a much higher efficiency.

OCEAN VIEW FROM TOWER

SITE PLAN

2 BEDROOM CORNER UNIT

evaporates Ground source heat pump and

for radiant floors and thermal comfort.

Solar Power -

Shutter and sun blocker

Unit

106 550

Geothermal -11 665Heating -

5. Final Massing

infilled with unique unit conditions

Hot water

N BE UNIQUE AND DIVERSELY PROGRAMMED ORT STUDENTS IN THE FOLLOWING WAYS:

ENTERTAIN

defines17911,15 a shared atrium for all residents

54 055 surrounding campus

Plugs and lights KWH/SF/MONTH

ORNER HUB TYPES:

Photovoltaics canopy and sun blocker 4. Volumetricspace Additions Common

of the building, to collect rainwater in shallow pools. As the water Unit mixes with air in the atrium, it produces a natural 1 cooling effect for the adjacent units. This coupled with stack ventilation for night flushing provides a thorough passive strategy for cooling the thermal masses of living areas. As for an overall heat island mitigation Cross Ventilation - Operable windows in each unit strategy, a layer of vegetation is applied to all roof areas where possible allow Cooling for selective air flow, minimizing HVAC loads. to provide shade and evaporative cooling, reducing not only the roof Family Unit temperatures, but the temperature of the surrounding air.

Heating

Photovoltaic production

ed)

25 491 2. Volume Push + Pull

6

PIEZO CIRCUIT THROUGH EUCALYPTUS GROVE

4 BEDROOM SUITE

3

the trees energy All perimeter are

family complexes, retained and additional trees are planted in the central yard.

ENERGY GENERATION ENERGY SOURCE GROUND

SYSTEM

ENERGIZED CANOPY LOAD REDUCTION

SOCIAL HEALTH

LOAD

REDUCTION STRATEGY

DESIGN STRATEGY

GROUND SOURCE HEAT PUMP

SPACE HEATING

8% GLAZING TO NORTH

BEDROOMS TO NORTH

AEROBIC DIGESTERS

SHARED LIVING TO SOUTH

STACK VENTILATION RAINWATER HAVESTING DAYLIGHTING HEAT ISLAND MITIGATION

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Bicycles and pedestrians ‘ path

PIEZO ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION

Public park

Geothermal

EVOLVING THE SAN FRANSISCO TOWNHOUSE

UNIT COMPOSITION

STREET VIEW FROM WEST

SOCIAL BENEFIT

REDUCED ANXIETY

SPACE COOLING

70% GLAZING TO SOUTH

WASTEWATER

SEWAGE HEAT RECOVERY

HOT WATER

INCREASED COMFORT BAND

PLANTING & VIEWS

CLIMATE EDUCATION

EXHAUST AIR

HRV

FRESH AIR

DIMMABLE LED LIGHTING

NESTED SOCIAL SPACES

ACTIVE INHABITANT

ORGANICS

PHOTOVOLTAICS

REDUCED LONELINESS

PHOTOVOLTAIC PANELS pv panels harvest solar energy to create electricity for use in the building the complex holds a 2,090 KW photovoltaic system.

HEAT ISLAND MITIGATION vegetation collects and reduces heat build-up in an urban environment.

CROSS + SHAFT VENTILATION natural ventilation reduces the strain on typical HVAC systems and allows for a more eco friendly and economic way to cool the building.

IMPLUVIUM TYPOLOGY

COMMUNAL OPERATIONS

ENGAGING COMMUNITY

In an effort to create a living building, the users and the architecture must both work in tandem. An architecture that lacks functional and experiential operations will, in turn, yield carefree users. Communal Operations seeks to offer means of comfort that appeal to a vast number of diverse users and challenge the conception of the dormitory hall and its relationship with hall community.

Today’s typical dormitories are characterized by stacked volumes punctured by double loaded corridors with minimal, isolated places for gathering and/or events. By altering the perception of the corridor, this design brings forth a lively atrium corridor open to the elements. Along this corridor, the variable path becomes a place for experience by means of an conversation and collaboration.

By distributing the program into five masses, the architecture is able to maximize passive design strategies such as cross ventilation, stack ventilation, direct gain and optimal daylighting conditions for all residents. In an effort to collect, filter, and use rainwater, the architecture and landscape function as a unified siphon in order to provide potable water for its residents and the people of San Francisco.

MASSING STRATEGY

Illustrated in the section below and the interior perspective above, the atrium corridor transitions into a series of double height porches, providing residents with a ‘flex-space’ for music, games, leisure, etc. Similarly, the central yard serves all residences, child care, and retail simultaneously. While within the central yard, users can anticipate picnicing, flying kites and ultimately, campus-wide events.

1. Starting Volume optimize solar orientation

volumes defining a central yard

2. Volume Push + Pull

3. Corridor Subtractions

respond to view of the bay and

4. Volumetric Additions

defines a shared atrium for all residents

surrounding campus

infilled with unique unit conditions

allow cross ventilation in every unit

facade hierarchy

PASSIVE DESIGN Geothermal Heating -

Loft Unit

Ground source heat pump

Scale: 1”=100’

Operable windows in each unit

allow for selective air flow, minimizing HVAC loads.

Solar Power -

SITE PLAN

Section

1

for radiant floors and thermal comfort.

Cross Ventilation -

5. Final Massing

Family Unit

2

Solar arrays on rooftops provide

renewable energy and the opportunity for tax subsidies.

Rainwater Collection - Illustrated in the section and

4

site plan to the right, rainwater and stormwater troughs carve

5

6

and ‘snake’ through the landscape. As a result, this system maximizes water collection while simultaneously enriching the users’ audible & haptic relationship with water.

Restored Landscape -

3

All perimeter trees are

retained and additional trees are planted in the central yard.

Daylighting -

Building orientation as well as window

strategies maximize daylighting in all units and each corridor.

Car Sharing - Parking spots along the southern edge of

the site are reserved for electric cars, car-sharing programs and bike racks.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

BART stop / Bike Barn Lecture Rooms + Residents Retail/Restaurants + Residents Central Yard Child Care + Residents Dining Hall + Residents Waste

LOFT UNIT - 1400 sq. ft.

North | South

- 4 bed / 2 bath

- leisure platform (1) + hammock (2)

7

UNIT COMPOSITION

FAMILY UNIT - 1150 sq. ft.

- 2 bed / 2 bath

- kitchen + living room + dining room

The project is inspired by the eucalyptus canopy already on the site and aims to create a park of trees and buildings on the campus.

This project aims to achieve more than zero net energy consumption, it aims to produce more energy than it consumes. The buildings will mainly produce electricity through their photovoltaic canopy. The extra electricity produce each day, mainly on peak hours (near noon) but with low electricity demands will be used to charge electric car batteries to provide green transportation to the university.

The electric car batteries will also work as energy buffers, to store each day energy that can also be used during the night in the buildings.

So theoretically, thanks to the sun and bio mass, the project could be self-energy sufficient and don’t need any energy supplier.

To achieve a high comfort standard, the building will catch as much sun as they can in the winter and as less as they can in summer. This will be achieved by big openings in south, west and east facade with different kinds of solar protections.

The buildings are based on a concrete structure (as Le Corbusier’s domino house). This structure will provide a good inertia to the housings. The facade walls will be made of prefabricated wall elements with a high insolation coefficient based on the Panobloc technology from Techniwood®.

The conjunction of both those elements will provide a good thermal comfort to inhabitants all year. Heating will be provided by thermal pumps and mechanical ventilation which will be fed at 100% by the photovoltaics panels.

Housings

Apartments floor plan (1 and 2 bedrooms)

Parkings

Common space

(Dining center, coffee shops, student lounge, meeting rooms, Child care center)

Functions on the ground floor and first floor Calculated Energy Use (kWh/sf/year)

Calculated Energy Use (kWh/year) for one tour

0.8

14 226

HVAC Lighting

1.4

Appliances and Plug Loads

24 443

43402

25 491

Domestic Hot Water

3.0

54 055

Total Consumption

6.6

118 215

Renewable Production

5.9

106 550

Net EUI

-0.7

-11 665

Shared suites floor plan R wall = 6,47m2.K.W-1 U wall = 0,1546 W.m-2.K-1

SDP

Photovoltaics canopy and sun blocker

1664

Surface SF

17911.15

Common space 17911,15

Shutter and sun blocker Unit Unit

Vegetative wind buffer and environmental improvement (shading and humidity)

Shutter and sun blocker Unit

Photovoltaic production

Cooling

Plugs and lights

Heating

Hot water

Ventilation

Cross-ventilation

KWH/SF/MONTH

Unit Unit

Vegetative roof Unit Common space Common space Bicycles and pedestrians ‘ path

Photovoltaic electricity for electric cars January

March

Mai

July

September

November

Monthly enduse energy consumption and production

ENERGIZED CANOPY

Geothermal

Public park

AN ARCHITECTURE OF PEOPLE AND PLACE NEXUS demonstrates the mutual benefits when architecture considers the complex climate and social systems of a place and its people, and follows a net positive approach to design. As our cities place excessive burdens on our climate, universities place escalating pressure on students. Academic load, peer competition, and financial security, coupled with a disconnection from familiar social support structures has been shown to cause significant negative impacts on the mental health and wellness of students across North America.

At the unit scale, a strong North/South orientation bias is established within a single-loaded corridor model.

Sleeping quarters are condensed to the northern edges to relinquish more open and shared social spaces to the south. Units are nested in expanding communal spaces to balance fostering social networks with providing personal retreat.

At the site scale, the aggregation of this unit typology manifests as a serpentine structure strongly informed through analysis of optimal orientation to improve passive solar heat gain and natural lighting. The continuous structure also creates a series of diversely programmed courtyards with connections to the greater campus and city.

The aim of NEXUS is to not only create a net zero energy high-performance building, but also utilize design as a catalyst in the formation and maintenance of social support networks for resident and commuter students.

With a design driven by renewable energy generation, system efficiency and social connectivity, the resulting program organization and building form creates an architecture which mutually benefits people and place at multiple scales of operation.

PASSIVE SOLAR DESIGN

PRIVATE VS. SHARED

ZONES THAT FOCUS ON SOCIAL WELL-BEING ESTABLISH A SENSE OF COMMUNITY

PROGRAM MOVES FROM SHARED DAYLIT SOCIAL SPACES TO PRIVATE SLEEPING AREAS

SLEEP

SOUTH FACING LIVING SPACES AND NORTH FACING BEDROOMS ALLOW DAYLIGHT AND GAINS IN MOST ACTIVE SPACES

SHARED SOCIAL SPACE

SHARED WASHROOMS

HUMAN COMFORT

SHARED SHOWER AMENITIES REDUCES OVERALL WATER CONSUMPTION WHILE CONNECTING NEIGHBOURING STUDENTS

IN FLOOR RAIDANT HEATING IN SOCIAL SPACES, RADIATORS IN BEDOROMS, CROSS BREEZES VIA OPERABLE WINDOWS

SOLAR EXPOSURE CONTROL RESIDENTS OPERATE SHADING IN COMMON AREAS FOR COMFORT AND SOLAR HEAT GAIN CONTROL

R UTE

E

NG

LOU

M

COM

1: PROJECT NARRATIVE TEXT HERE 3: UNIT FLOOR PLAN(S) HERE (combine 1 and 3 in the space provided)

4: PERSPECTIVE DRAWING HERE

EXTERNAL CIRCULATION REDUCES CONDITIONED VOLUME, PROVIDES SHADING FOR SOUTH GLAZING, AND OVERLOOKING PATIO SPACES

HUBS CAN BE UNIQUE AND DIVERSELY PROGRAMMED TO SUPPORT STUDENTS IN THE FOLLOWING WAYS:

GATHER

NOURISH

FOCUS

SOCIAL CORNER HUB TYPES:

RAILING MOUNTED PV

PLAY

PV MOUNTED ON SOUTH FACING RAILING

FOCUS

ENTERTAIN

SLEEP

NOURISH

FITNESS

GATHER

LAUNDRY

DEVOTION

RELAX

COMMUTER

10

Energy Generated (kWh)

MONTHLY ENERGY GENERATION

OPTIMIZE

5

600,000 500,000 400,000

CONNECT 300,000

OPTIMIZING BUILDING ORIENTATION TO SOLAR ANGLE AND DEPLOYING A STANDARD BUILDING DEPTH MAXIMIZES DAYLIGHTING ON SITE AND REDUCES SELF-SHADING

SHIFT

CONNECTING OPTIMIZED BARS CREATES 200,000 ENCLOSED SPACE THAT PROVIDES WIND SHLETERING AND100,000 IMPROVES DENSITY

ACCESS + LIGHT

Compost

CUTTING OPENINGS IN THE BUILDING FORM AND TERRACING ALLOWS CIRCULATION AND ACCESS INTO DEVELOPED COURTYARD SPACES

SHIFTING BUILDING FORM AT CORNERS AND END CONDITIONS ALLOWS FOR THE CREATION Wind OF DIVERSE SOCIAL SPACES WITH DIFFERENTIAL SOLAR ACCESS

0 AVG SUNLIGHT HOURS/DAY DURING WINTER MONTHS

PV

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

ANNUAL CONSUMPTION AND GENERATION Other DHW

35

MONTHLY ENERGY CONSUMPTION

Energy Consumed (kWh)

30

25

Compost

15

4,500,000

Other Plugs

400,000

ENERGY GENERATION

Dorm Plugs

350,000 300,000

Parkade Lighting

250,000

Lighting

200,000

Pumps

150,000

ENERGY SOURCE

Zone Cooling

Jan

Dorm DHW Cooking

Net Energy (kWh) Energy Generated (kWh)

10

150,000

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

MONTHLY ENERGY SURPLUS/DEFICIT MONTHLY ENERGY GENERATION

90,000 500,000 60,000 400,000 Parkade Lighting 30,000 Lighting 300,000 Pumps -30,000 200,000 Fans -60,000 Zone Heating 100,000 -90,000 Zone Cooling -120,000

500,000 Consumption ASHRAE 90.1 2010

Consumption NEXUS

SOCIAL BENEFIT

GROUND SOURCE HEAT PUMP

SPACE HEATING

8% GLAZING TO NORTH

BEDROOMS TO NORTH

AEROBIC DIGESTERS

SPACE COOLING

70% GLAZING TO SOUTH

SHARED LIVING TO SOUTH

WASTEWATER

SEWAGE HEAT RECOVERY

HOT WATER

INCREASED COMFORT BAND

PLANTING & VIEWS

CLIMATE EDUCATION

EXHAUST AIR

HRV

FRESH AIR

DIMMABLE LED LIGHTING

NESTED SOCIAL SPACES

ACTIVE INHABITANT

SOLAR

HIGH MASS SLAB

LIGHTING

DEDICATED PLUG LOADS

SHARED AMENITIES

WIND

CROSS VENTILATION

PLUG LOADS

HORIZONTAL SHADING

EXTERNAL CIRCULATION

RAIN WATER

STACK VENTILATION

FANS

OPERABLE WINDOWS

VARIABLE LIGHTING, GAINS

PHOTOVOLTAIC

LAUNDRY

LESS CONDITIONED VOLUME

VAW TURBINE

FLUSHING

DAYLIGHTING

REDUCED ANXIETY REDUCED LONELINESS

CONSUMPTION EDUCATION UNIT EQUALITY

Dorm Plugs

1,500,000

5

DESIGN STRATEGY

600,000 120,000

Other Plugs

2,500,000

REDUCTION STRATEGY

ORGANICS

Zone Heating

50,000

PV

3,500,000

LOAD

GROUND

SYSTEM

SOCIAL HEALTH

Fans

100,000

Other DHW

LOAD REDUCTION

Generation NEXUS

Compost Wind

5: ILLUSTRATED SECTION HERE 6: ANNUAL END USE SUMMARY HERE 7: MONTHLY END USE ENERGY CONSUMPTION BAR CHART HERE (combine 5-7 in the space provided) IRRIGATION

LIVING MACHINE

2: SITE PLAN HERE

CONSUMPTION FEEDBACK

PV

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

-150,000

RAIN WATER STORAGE

SYSTEMS

Other DHW

MONTHLY ENERGY CONSUMPTION

Cooking

450,000

Other Plugs

400,000

Dorm Plugs

350,000 300,000 200,000

150,000 100,000

Lighting Pumps Fans

Zone Heating

LAUNDRY

50,000

Zone Cooling

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

e1

8 7

R

-120,000 -150,000 Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

H

F

10 C

15

11 3

4

(D) COURTYARD PLAY d1) link to main plaza (3rd fl) d2) playground

D 5 G

(E) LANDSCAPE FEATURES e1) retaining trees along Winston Drive e2) eucalyptus canopy e3) pedestrian bridge to make connection to mall e4) swale / planting

e3

65

a6

a4

4th FL (+95)

2nd FL (+75)

a5

a3

a2 a1

GND (+60)

12

11

c2

4th fl

c1

13

10

3rd fl

2nd fl

BUILDING 1) cafeteria 2) kitchen (1st fl) 3) mechanical 4) parking, 750 stalls in podium 5) living machine 6) town house living with assigned gardens 7) cafe` 8) residences 9) vertical circulation 10) commuter lounge 11) lecture theater 12) meeting rooms 13) coffee shop, with gallery space to connect 2nd/3rd fl 14) bike storage with service & change rooms 15) child care

1st FL

(+60)

e2

8 4

14 D

d1 d2

15

solar canopy

2016

YOUR PROJECT NAME HERE

(C) COURTYARD CONTEMPLATION c1) sloped terrain to accomodate cascading floors below c2) extended eucalyptus canopy

(+85)

L dF 21nst FL

1

(B) COURTYARD RECREATIONAL b1) basketball court b2) outdoor seating 3rd floor b3) landscape surfaces with drought tolerant planting b4) pathway to connect nw-corner & plaza level (3rd fl)

3rd FL

low

be

3rd FL 2nd FL

Net Energy (kWh)

SP

o

to

FL 4th FL 3rd

SH

-

n pe

2

4

70

1

5

PLAZA GATHER stage / performance ramps to provide wheelchair accessibility flat stairs with sitting features outdoor seating, roofed link to courtyard C and child care facility link to mall north entrance even access to dining

80

a

30,000

(A) a1) a2) a3) a4) a5) a6) a7) a8)

0

10 90

e4

are

2nd FL

60,000

-30,000

a8

b1

1st FL

fed

6

COURTYARDS

-90,000

b3

b2

SP

-60,000

0

11 (roof 2nd FL)

L

V

8 b3

dF /2n 3rd t FL 1s

90,000

e2

roo

ENTERTAIN

120,000

9

e4

b4

MONTHLY ENERGY SURPLUS/DEFICIT 150,000

10

a7

FL

250,000

Parkade Lighting

4

4th

STUDY

DEVOTION

W

Energy Consumed (kWh)

500,000

V) cross + stack ventilation for cooling W) vertical axis wind turbine C) compost collection D) aerobic digesters with heat recovery R) rainwater storage F) flushing from recaptured water L) living machine wastewater treatment SP) solar pv H) radiant heating and cooling G) geoexchange borefield SH) solar gains B) bioswale

Dorm DHW

2nd FL 3rd FL

5,500,000

SOCIAL STRATEGY AND BENEFITS

Cooking

450,000

Wind

Energy (kWh)

EUI (kBTU/ft2)

20

NET ZERO STRATEGY

Dorm DHW

500,000

ROOFTOP TOWNHOUSES ALONG PIEZO CIRCUIT

PIEZEIN CIRCUIT Piezein Circuit will become a fulcrum for the San Francisco State University campus as well as the surrounding neighborhood. It sits as a hinge between a regional retail center, an underutilized lake and public park, the campus core, high density housing, and recreational facilities. We are proposing to use the pedestrian path as an architectural armature, a generator for neighborhood spaces, and a production platform for renewable energy — all from the idea of a simple stroll.

The sustainable components of the Piezein Circuit begin at the scale of the individual user and living unit. Both passive and active sustainable design features address all scales they are propogated along the piezoelectric path from doorstep to streetscape, the building and beyond.

OCEAN VIEW FROM TOWER

2 BEDROOM CORNER UNIT

Micro-impluviums are used in key locations, such as the denser areas of the building, to collect rainwater in shallow pools. As the water evaporates and mixes with air in the atrium, it produces a natural cooling effect for the adjacent units. This coupled with stack ventilation for night flushing provides a thorough passive strategy for cooling the thermal masses of living areas. As for an overall heat island mitigation strategy, a layer of vegetation is applied to all roof areas where possible to provide shade and evaporative cooling, reducing not only the roof temperatures, but the temperature of the surrounding air.

1: PROJECT NARRATIVE TEXT HERE 3: UNIT FLOOR PLAN(S) HERE (combine 1 and 3 in the space provided)

To provide a large scale, practical form of renewable energy, grid-tied solar photovoltaic (PV) panels are applied to roofs and facades in areas with the most efficient orientation and full sun exposure. A photovoltaic thermal hybrid system (PVT) is used on roofs in conjunction with this to also provide for water heating, as this is much more efficient than a pure PV design, and the cooling effect of water assists in generating electricity at a much higher efficiency.

In a net zero building with such a high occupancy, it’s difficult to dismiss the energy being continuously exerted by its residents. In multifamily complexes, there is a constant ebb and flow of human activity throughout the common circulation and gathering spaces. In order to harvest this energy produced, an organized series of circulation conduits are situated throughout the building, guiding foot traffic into calculated stretches. Clusters of piezoelectric floor tiles are placed in these paths to capture the wasted energy from the applied pressure of the occupants’ footsteps, convert this kinetic energy into electricity, and then redistribute it as needed. One principal path is generated and given prominence by design. This celebrated passageway leads through the entire complex and acts as a significant generator of building form, winding its way through all major spaces, spilling out to major public and university thoroughfares, and providing some of the best vistas the site can offer. This encourages more use, further aiding in the piezoelectric energy harvesting efforts, while having the added benefit of contributing to the increased overall health of the occupants.

4: PERSPECTIVE DRAWING HERE

4 BEDROOM UNIT

PIEZO CIRCUIT THROUGH EUCALYPTUS GROVE

4 BEDROOM SUITE

PHOTOVOLTAICS STACK VENTILATION RAINWATER HAVESTING DAYLIGHTING HEAT ISLAND MITIGATION PIEZO ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION

EVOLVING THE SAN FRANSISCO TOWNHOUSE STREET VIEW FROM WEST

PHOTOVOLTAIC PANELS pv panels harvest solar energy to create electricity for use in the building the complex holds a 2,090 KW photovoltaic system.

CROSS + SHAFT VENTILATION natural ventilation reduces the strain on typical HVAC systems and allows for a more eco friendly and economic way to cool the building.

HEAT ISLAND MITIGATION vegetation collects and reduces heat build-up in an urban environment.

IMPLUVIUM TYPOLOGY the ancient roman typology of impluviums capture rainwater from the rooftop and collect it in a basin below. the collected water will then evaporate over time, cooling the building through this state change.

SHADING + INDIRECT LIGHTING solar shading helps mitigate heat gain in the building, while also allowing the maximum amount of natural light to penetrate the units, decreasing the need for artificial lighting.

INFILTRATION BASIN shallow impound areas with highly permeable hydric soils designed to temporarily detain and infiltrate stormwater runoff.

5: ILLUSTRATED SECTION HERE 6: ANNUAL END USE SUMMARY HERE 7: MONTHLY END USE ENERGY CONSUMPTION BAR CHART HERE (combine 5-7 in the space provided)

PIEZOELECTRIC PANELS piezoelectric floor panels harvest electrical energy through the process of deflection created by footfall. pressure applied to the panel creates positive and negativecharges on the sides of the panel. the positive charge can be collected and saved as energy for consumption.

permeable soils with infiltration rates >0.27 inches/hour, followed by deeply rooted facultative vegetation

2: SITE PLAN HERE ANNUAL END USE SUMMARY

MONTHLY END USE ENERGY CONSUMPTION

TOTAL ANNUAL ENERGY USE = 2,736,647 KWH [7.5 EUI]

1 PHOTOVOLTAIC PANEL ROOF 2 IMPLUVIUMS 3 MICROIMPLUVIUMS 4 GREEN ROOF 5 PIEZO PANEL CIRCUIT 6 COURTYARDS 7 NEIGHBORHOOD PLAZA TO LAKE MERCED

4

5

2

3 2

6

1

4 5

5

4 5

2 PROGRAM + SITE CONNECTIONS

PIEZO CIRCUIT

IMPLUVIUMS

HEAT ISLAND MITIGATION VIA VEGETATIVE ROOF

TO SFSU CAMPUS

2016

PIEZEIN CIRCUIT

PHOTOVOLTAIC ARRAY