FaÀ-Pn-Mv tIcf t amÀ¨v 2014
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EDITORIAL
D¸m-Z-\-£-aX hÀ[n-¸n¡mw
Volume 3 Issue 3 | March 2014 Founder & editor Ravi Deecee Executive Editor Ratheema Ravi DC MEDIA - OPERATIONS
dc media - ADVT SALES
General Manager M Kumar EK - EDITORIAL Associate Editor Dipin Damodharan SR sub Editor Sandeep P S OVERSEAS CORRESPONDENT Prashob K P Senior Reporters Lakshmi Narayanan O P Vinodkumar Sujeesh K S Reporter Renku K Haridas DC MEDIA - EDITORIAL Sr editorial team Vishnu Rageev R Savithri S Iyer Sumithra Sathyan editorial team Neethu Mohan Tony William Lijo V Joseph Juliet Sebastian Photographer Jose Jacob Design & Layout Anoop U.K Kailasnath Vipinesh Sangeeth Arathi R Nair Online & Portal S Sreenath
Senior Managers Kainakari Shibu Rajasree Varma Anu P M Blessy Susan George Biju P Alex Vijimon P B M K Haridas Vinod Joseph Siju Thomas Rohil Kumar A B Managers Febin K Francis Abdul Rahiman special projects Devika Venugopal DC Media - MARKETING SENIOR Manager Sabu Varghese Mathew Assistant Managers Priya P A Mobin E Mathew Liju P John Abhilas G Krishnan Sunilkumar P S Maya Murali Sales & accounts Josy John ADMIN Dept Reshma Benjamin support team Athul P M Sone Varghese Vishnu
dc books Administration General Manager S Arun Kumar Manager-Administration Anil kumar B Manager-Corporate Relations Joseph AG Finance & accounts General Manager Santhosh Kumar M Sr Manager-Costing Christo Antony Sr Manager-Accounts Emy Liju Production General Manager D Sreekumar Store Sales Dan George Renjithdas H Jaison P Mathew Tomy Antony Satheeshan Nair Mani VK Rajmohan SYSTEMs Pradeep Kumar K T Prasanth K P
Editorial - Mango Saraswathy Rajagopal Editorial - DC Books Jaydev K V A V Sreekumar Ramadas R Easwaran Namboothiri H Honey Thomas Anoop G Prakash Marahi Sanjeev S Muraleedharan Shajikumar K N Sreedevi P Sunithananth P T Suresh P S Tency Jacob Aravindakshan N V Purchase Lekha Pradeep Nisha Sunil Online & Portal Jacob Varghese Jeevan K Augustine Rights Sumitha Jyothidas Dileep Kumar T Hr DEPT B Srikanth
tem
I-¯v G-ähpw Iq-Sp-X P-\-kw-Jy-bp-f-f c-≠ma-s¯ cm-Pyam-b C-´y-bp-sS am-\-h-hn-`-h-ti-jn-sb Ip-dn-¨v BÀ¡pw kw-i-b-ap-≠m-Im-\n-S-bnÃ. F-¶m Cu am-\-h-hn-`-h-ti-jn-sb \mw Im-cy-£-a-am-bn D-]-tbm-K-s¸-Sp-¯nbnà F-¶-Xm-Wv C-´y-bp-sS ]-cm-Pbw. C-{X-b-[n-Iw P-\-§-fp-f-f H-cp cm-Py-¯v A-h-cp-sS I-gn-hp-I-fpw ssh-Z-Kv-[yhpw i-cnbm-b X-c-¯n D-]-tbm-K-s¸-Sp-¯m³ {]m-]v-Xam-b \-b-§Ä cq]-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶-Xn \mw hnP-bn-t¨m-sb¶v Bß-]cn-tim-[\ \St¯-≠ kabw Ign-ªn-cn-¡p¶p. AXp-X-s¶-bm-Wv hn-Ikn-X cm-{ã-sa-¶ kz-]v-\-¯n-te-¡p-f-f C-´y-bp-sS Zq-cw Ip-d-bm-¯-Xn-\p Im-c-W-hpw. H-cp cm-Py-¯n-sâ ]p-tcm-K-Xn¡pw hn-I-k-\-¯n-\pw DÂ-¸m-Z-\-£-a-X-bv-¡v apJyam-b ]-¦p-h-ln-¡m-\p≠v. a-äv cm-Py-§-fp-am-bn Xm-c-Xayw sN-¿p-t¼mÄ DÂ-¸mZ-\-£-a-X-bp-sS Im-cy-¯n C-´y G-sd ]n-¶n-em-sW-¶-Xm-Wv h-kv-Xp-X. H-cp sXm-gn-em-fn-bn \n¶v A-sÃ-¦n Po-h-\-¡m-c-\n \n-¶v H-cp Znh-kw e-`n-¡p-¶ Hu-«v-]p-«n-s\ B-{i-bn-¨m-Wv DÂ-¸m-Z-\£-a-X I-W-¡m-¡-s¸-Sp-¶Xv. H-cp cm-Py¯n-sâ km-¼¯n-I kq-Nn-I-I-fn G-ähpw {]m-[m-\y-aÀ-ln-¡p-¶-Xm-Wv DÂ-¸mZ-\-£a-X. DÂ-¸m-Z-\£-a-X Iq-Sp-¶-Xn-\-\p-k-cn-¨v B cm-Py-s¯ P-\-§-fp-sS Po-hn-X-\n-e-hm-c-¯nepw {]-I-Sam-b am-äw Zr-iy-am-Ipw. H-cp I-¼-\n-sb kw-_Ôn-¨m-sW-¦nepw DÂ-¸m-Z-\£-a-X F-t¸mgpw X-e-th-Z-\-bm-Ip-¶ Imcyw Xs¶. Poh-\-¡msc F§s\ IqSp-X D¸m-Z-\-£-a-X-bp-f-f-h-cm¡n¯oÀ¡m-sa¶v Kth-jWw \S-¯p-¶-Xn\v am{Xw ]e I¼-\n-Ifpw sNe-hn-Sp-¶Xv tImSn-¡-W¡n\v cq]-bm-Wv. DÂ-¸m-Z-\-£-a-X-bp-sS Im-cy-¯n temI-¯v A-ta-cn-¡-bm-Wv ap-¶n-«p-\n¡p-¶Xv. C-´y-bp-sS DÂ-¸m-Z-\£-a-X tI-hew 8.1 i-X-am-\w am-{X-am-Wv. ssN\-bp-tS-Xv 17.1 i-X-am-\-hpw. F§-s\ Po-h-\-¡m-cp-sS DÂ-¸m-Z-\£-a-X hÀ-[n¸n¡mw F-¶-Xm-Wv F-t¸mgpw NÀ-¨-bm-Ip-¶Xv. kÀ-¡mÀ tPm-en In-«n-bm ]n-s¶ kp-J-am-bn ]-Wn-sb-Sp-¡m-sX Po-hn¡mw F-¶ kwkvImcw am-äp-¶-XpÄ-¸sS-bp-f-f Im-cy-§Ä DÂ-¸m-Z-\£-a-X hÀ-[n-¸n-¡p-¶-Xn-sâ `m-K-am-bn \-S-¸m-t¡≠-Xp-≠v. C-´y-bp-sS km-¼-¯n-I-h-fÀ-¨ Xz-cn-X-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶-Xn-\v DÂ-¸m-Z-\£a-X hÀ-[n-¸n-t¨ a-Xn-bm-Iq-sh-¶ A-\n-hmcy-X I-W-¡n-se-Sp-¯m-Wv F-aÀ-Pn-Mv tI-c-f Cu hnj-bw "I-hÀ tÌm-dn-'¡m-bn sX-c-sª-Sp-¯-Xv. C-´y-bp-sS am-\-hhn-`-h-ti-jnbpw a-e-bm-fn-I-fp-sS DÂ-¸m-Z-\-£-a-Xbpw DÂ-¸m-Z-\£-a-X F§-s\ hÀ-[n-¸n-¡m-sa-¶-Xp-saÃmw "I-hÀ tÌm-dn' NÀ-¨ sN-¿p-¶p. tI-c-f-¯n-se hn-ZymÀ-°n-IÄ-¡n-S-bn kw-cw-`-I-Xzhpw C-s¶m-th-j\pw t{]m-Õm-ln-¸n-¡p-I-sb-¶ e-£y-t¯m-sS F-aÀ-Pn-Mv tI-c-f B-cw-`n-¨ "bp-hF³-{S-{]-W-dn' C¯-h-W B-ep-h-bnse am-Xm tIm-sf-PmWv. Hm-t«m-sam-_o cwK-¯v A-Ûp-X-§Ä XoÀ-t¯-¡m-hp-¶ \n-ch-[n C-s¶m-th-j-\p-I-fp-ambn Du-À-P-kze-X-tbm-sS k-{In-bam-b hn-ZymÀ-°n-I-sf-bm-Wv Imw]-kv k-µÀ-in-¨ F-aÀ-Pn-Mv tI-c-f So-an-\v Im-Wm³ km-[n-¨-Xv. Xr-iq-cn-se HÃqÀ C³-U-kv-{Sn-b F-tÌ-än- {]-hÀ-¯n-¡p¶ 13 tKmÄ-Uv I-h-dnwKv bq-Wn-äp-Ifpw H³]Xv A-ep-an\n-bw t¹-änw-Kv \nÀam-W bq-Wn-äp-I-fpw t\-cn-Sp-¶ {]-Xn-k-Ôn-bm-Wv C³-U-kv{Sn t^m¡-kv NÀ-¨ sN-¿p-¶Xv. sXm-gn-en-S-§-fn- kv-{Xo-IÄ-s¡-Xn-sc-bpff ssewKn-I-]o-U-\-§Ä X-S-bm-\p-f-f {]-tXy-I \nb-aw ^-e-{]-Z-am-Iptam F-¶-Xn-s\ Ipdn-¨v tI-c-f-¯n-se h-\n-X-IÄ {]-Xn-I-cn-¡p-¶ {]-tXy-I dn-t¸mÀ«v, C-´y-bn 56 i-X-am-\w P-\-§Ä¡pw A-Sn-Øm-\-tk-h-\-§Ä e-`y-a-sÃ-¶ sa-¡³-kn-bp-sS ]pXn-b ]T-\-dn-t¸mÀ-«n-sâ hn-i-I-e-\w F-¶n-hbpw a-äv Øn-cw ]w-àn-IÄ-s¡m¸w hm-bn-¡mw. tI-c-f-¯n-se ]p-kv-X-I {]-km-[-\ hy-h-km-b-¯n-sâ Ip-e]Xn Un kn In-g-s¡-ap-dn-bp-sS P-·-i-Xm-Ðn hÀ-j-am-Wv 2014. a-ebm-f ]p-kv-X-I {]-km-[\-cwK-s¯ A-t±-lw F-§-s\ H-cp an-I-¨ _n-kn\-kv A-h-k-c-am-¡n am-än-sb-¶ I-Ybpw Cu e-¡-¯n DÄ-s¡m-Ån-¨n-cn-¡p-¶p. \n-§-fp-sS A-`n-{]m-b-§Ä a-d-¡m-sX A-dn-bn-¡pI.
Contact Info DC MEDIA , DC Books, 234/C, Adjacent to YMCA, Chittoor Road, Cochin – 35, Kerala, India, Contact, Ph: +91 484 3047 405, Fax: +91 484 4021 145 Business Office - International, DC Books Pvt Ltd, # 1, 601, DSC Tower, Studio City, Dubai, UAE Mail: editorial@dcmediacorp.com, info@dcmediacorp.com Published from DC Books, D C Kizhakemuri Edam, Good Shepherd Street, Kottayam – 686001, Kerala, India and printed at S.T Reddiar & Sons (Ekm), Cochin - 35 for DC Press Pvt. Ltd., Industrial Development Area, Poovanthuruth, Kottayam – 686012, Kerala, India. Printed, published & owned by Ravi Deecee
DC Media Publication
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FaÀ-PnMv tIcf t amÀ¨v 2014
C
NTENTS
COVER STORY D¸m-Z-\£aX:
42 09 46 44 10
IcI-bdptam
FACT
tIc-f-¯n-sâ hfÀ-¨ F-t§m«v?
24
Zmcn-{Zy-tcJsb "Xncp¯n' sa-¡³-kn
IÀa-tbm-Kn... km-l-kn-I-sc C-Xn-te, tI-c-fw hn-fn-¡p-¶p...
34 kzmÀ-°-XmÂ-¸-cy-§-fp-sS Cc? HÃqÀ C³-U-kv-{Sn-b F-tÌäv
50
Fkvbp-Sn tI-{µ-am-¡n h³ \-ho-I-c-W-]-²-XnIÄ
22 38
Xn-cn¨phc-hn\v
Ifsamcp§p¶p sdkv-t]m¬-kn-_nÄ _nÂUÀ
Ak-äv tlmw-kv
The transistor salesman
Bib-k-¼-¶-X-bnÂ
am-Xm tIm-sfPv
15
kväm³t^mÀ-Uv \Â-Ip-¶ ]mT§Ä
18 16 20
aq-¶v \-£-{Xw sX-fn-bp-¶p ss¥UvamÌÀ Cws]-Ivkv C´y \ho-I-cn-¡p¶ hn-Pbw
FaÀ-Pn-Mv tIcf t amÀ¨v 2014
CþtemI-s¯ A-Xn-Im-b³ Jeff Bezos
21 Hayato Ikeda Im³-kÀ Nn-In-Õ-bv¡v 51 tUm-ÎÀ-amÀ A-]-cym-]v-Xw 41 Irjn-a-{´n-bpsS ]n-Sn-¸p-tISv _Päv {]-Jym-]-\-§Ä \-S-¸n-em-¡m¯Xv
tIc-fw {]-Xn-I-cn-¡p¶p sXmgnenS§fnse ssewKnI ]oU\w
{]tXyI \n-b-aw ^-e-{]-Ztam?
28 5
kutcmÀ-P ]-²-XnIsf t{]m-Õm-ln-¸n¡Ww G
sd hn-hm-Z-§Ä sIm-≠v P-\-§Ä¡n-S-bn {i-²-t\Sn-b tkm-fmÀ sshZyp-Xn-bp-sS b-YmÀ-° h-kv-Xp-X-Ifpw ta·-I-fpw hy-à-am¡n-b F-aÀ-Pn-Mv tI-c-f-bv-¡v A-`n-\-µ-\§Ä. ]m-c-¼-tcyX-c DuÀ-P amÀ-K-§Ä Iq-Sp-X-em-bn hn\ntbm-Kn-¡p-¶-Xn-\v \-½p-sS `-c-Wt\-Xr-Xz§fpw {i-² ]p-eÀ-t¯-≠n-bn-cn-¡p-¶p. t{S-Uv-amÀ-¡v c-Pn-kv-t{S-j-s\-¡p-dn-¨p-Å te-J-\hpw D-]-tbm-K-{]-Z-am-bn-cp¶p km-ZnJv sImÃw
sI
th-Wp-hn-s\ DÄ-s¡m-Ån-¨ "F-sâ tIc-fw' {i-t²-b-am-bn. A-t±-l¯n-sâ hnhn-[ Im-e-L-«-§-fn-se \n-e]m-SpIfpw ]-cm-aÀ-in-t¡-≠-Xm-bn-cp-¶p. hy-Xykv-X Nn-´m-K-Xn-bp-Åhsc Cu ]w-àn-bn-epÄ-s¸-Sp-¯-Ww. 2014se \nt£-] {]-Xo-£-I-sf¡p-dn-¨v hn-Z-Kv[-cp-sS hn-i-I-e-\-§Ä DÄ-s¸-Sp¯n-b te-J\hpw anI-¨p \n-¶p. tPmk^v Xr-iqÀ
h
-S-¡³ tIc-fw ]-e-ta-J-e-I-fn-se¶ t]m-se B-tcm-Ky-cw-K¯pw I-Sp-¯ A-hK-W-\ t\-cn-Sp-¶p-≠v. Ah-b-h am-ä i-kv-{X-{In-b-bp-sS Im-cy-¯n Cu {]-tZ-iw t\-cn-Sp-¶ {]-Xn-k-Ôn-IÄ hy-à-am¡n-b teJ-\w {]-iw-k-bÀ-ln¡p¶p. A-\m-h-iy hn-hm-Z-§-fn Ip-Sp§n ]-e-t¸mgpw h-S-¡³ tI-c-f-¯n-sâ hn-Ik-\w X-S-k-s¸-Sp-I-bm-Wv ]-Xnhv. A-[nIm-c tI-{µ-§-fn \n-¶p-Å A-Iehpw C-X-n-\p Im-c-W-ambn. `-c-W-t\XrXzw C-¡m-cy-¯n Iq-Sp-X {i-² ]-Xn-¸n-t¡-≠-Xm-Wv. a\p tIm-gn-t¡m-Sv
tI -c-f-¯n-\v G-ä-hp-a-[n-Iw hn-tZ-i\mWyw t\-Sn-¯-cp-¶ kp-K-Ôhy-Rv-
P-\ ta-J-e-sbbpw {]ap-J hy-h-km-bn-Isfbpw ]-cn-N-b-s¸-Sp¯n-b I-hÀ-tÌm-dn D-Nn-X-ambn. Ip-d-¨p-Iq-Sn hn-i-Zmw-i-§-Ä DÄ-s¸-Sp-t¯-≠-Xm-bn-cp¶p. h-b-\m-Sv PnÃ-bp-sS km-[y-X-Ifpw k-hn-ti-j-XIfpw DÄ-s¸-Sp¯n-b "PnÃ-I-fn-eq-sS-'bpw {i-t²-b-am-bn-cp-¶p. cm-tP-jv \m-bÀ B-e¸pg
\nIp-Xn-cln-X C-´y F-¶ hy-XykvX B-i-b-¯n-sâ hnhn-[ h-i-§Ä
ssI-Im-cyw sN-bv-X teJ-\w Kp-W-I-c-ambn-cp-¶p. "bw-Kv eo-UÀ' ]w-àn-bn Bw B-Zv-an ]mÀ-«n t\-Xm-hv at\m-Pv ]-ß\m-`-sâ A-`n-ap-Jw DÄ-s¸-Sp-¯n-b-Xpw FF-]n-bpsS \-b§-sf ]cn-tim-[n-¨p sIm-≠v {]-kn-²o-I-cn-¨ te-J-\-hpw Imtem-Nn-X-am-bn. eXn-I Im-«m¡S
6
FaÀ-PnMv tIcf t amÀ¨v 2014
I N F O G R A P H I C S
v b G
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.. . v ¡ e t nf I p ¡ W I C-´y-bnse Hm-t«m-dn-£m Hm-t«m-I-fp-sS sam-¯w DÂ-¸mZ-\w ]m-k©À Hm-t«m-IÄ : 369,688 Kp-Uvkv Hm-t«mIÄ : 43, 505
hn¸-\
i-cmi-cn Zn-h-k-h-cp-am-\w
{]ap-J \-K-c-§-fn-se \n-c-¯p-I-fn-epf-f Hm-t«m-I-fp-sS F-®w apw-ss_: 160,000 _w-K-eq-cp: 80,000 UÂ-ln: 70,000¯n-e-[nIw sN-ss¶: 70,000¯n-e-[nIw
400 cq]
]m-k©À Hm-t«mIÄ : 196,657 Kp-Uvkv Hm-t«mIÄ : 42,882
A-Sn-Øm-\-\nc-¡v UÂ-ln:
I-b-äpa-Xn
25
(2 In-tem-ao-ä-dn\v)
apwss_:
]m-k©À Hm-t«mIÄ : 176,088 Kp-Uvkv Hm-t«mIÄ : 938
15
(1.5 In-tem-ao-ä-dn\v)
sNss¶:
25
(1.8 In-tem-ao-ä-dn\v)
_w-K-eqcp:
h-fÀ-¨: sam¯w DÂ-¸m-Z-\-¯n 9.5 i-X-am-\w I-b-äp-a-Xn 29.9 i-X-am-\w hÀ-[n-¨p
FaÀ-Pn-Mv tIcf t amÀ¨v 2014
20
(2 In-tem-ao-ä-dn\v)
hn-]-Wn-bn-ep-f-f {][m-\ I-¼-\n-IÄ _-PmPv Hm-t«m, A-Xp Hm-t«m, Sn-hnF-kv tam-t«mÀ, a-lo{µ & a-lo{µ, kq-t«-gv-kv C´y, ]n-bmPntbm sh-ln-¡nÄ C-´y
7
cmjv{Sobw
{]iv-\§-sf kr-ãn-¡p-t¼mÄ \-½Ä D-]-tbm-Kn-¨ A-tX Nn-´-IÄ sIm-≠v \-ap-¡v Ah-sb ]-cn-l-cn-¡m-\m-hnà BÂ-_À-«v sF³-Ìo³ tNcn \nÀ-amÀ-P-\-¯n-\v I¼-\n cq-]o-I-cn-¡m-\pÅ kÀ-¡mÀ Xo-cpam\w \-K-c-k-`-I-fp-sS A-[n-Imc-s¯ I-hÀ-s¶-Sp-¡m-\p-Å \o-¡-amWv. tIh-ew sI«n-S \nÀ-am-W-aÃ, km-aqln-I F³-Pn-\ob-dnw-Kv Iq-Sn-t¨À-¶-Xm-Wv tN-cn \nÀ-amÀP-\w. tXma-kv sFkIv kn-]n-Fw tI-{µ-I-½n-än Aw-Kw
cw-K\m-Y I-½n-j³ dn-t¸mÀ-«n-eq-sS hn-j-hn-¯p-IÄ hn-X-bv-¡m\m-Wv tI-{µ kÀ-¡mÀ {i-an-¡p-¶Xv. Aw-t_-Zv-¡À Z-fn-XÀ-¡p \ ÂIn-b `-c-W-L-S-\m-]-cam-b A-h-Im-i-§-Ä \-ã-s¸-Sp-¶-Xn-\v C-Xv C-S-bm-¡pw. \-tc{µ-tam-Un _n-sP-]n {]-[m-\-a{´n Øm-\mÀ-°n
Xm³ {]-[m-\-a-{´n-bmIp-tam-sb¶-Xv C-t¸mÄ {]-k-àamb tNmZyaÃ. X-an-gv-\m-«n-se 40 ko-äp-I-fn C-SXvþ F-sF-Un-Fw-sI kJyw hn-P-bn-¡p-¶-Xn-\m-Wv C-t¸mÄ {i-²- \Â-Ip-¶Xv. P-b-efn-X X-an-gv-\m-Sv ap-Jy-a{´n
{Kq¸pw A-`n-{]m-b-hy-Xym-k-§fpw FÃm-¡m-e-¯p-ap-≠m-bn-«p≠v. ]mÀ-«n-bp-sS ssZ-\wZn-\ {]-hÀ-¯\-s¯ C-h-sbm¶pw _m-[n¡m-¯ co-Xn-bn ap-t¶m-«p sIm≠p-t]m-Im-\m-Wv {i-an-¡p-¶Xv. hn Fw kp-[oc³ sI-]n-kn-kn {]-knUâ v
h³-I-cm-dp-I-fn-eq-sS em-`-ap-≠m-¡m³ ssI-¡q-en \Â-Ip-¶-hÀ¡v A-sX-¡p-dn-¨v ]-cm-Xn-bp-≠m-Im-dnÃ. ssI-¡q-en B-h-iy-s¸Sp-¶h-sc am-{X-am-Wv ]-e-t¸mgpw Ip-ä-¡m-cm-bn Nn-{Xo-I-cn-¡p¶Xv. F-¶m A-gna-Xn C-cp-h-i-§-fn-te¡pw t]m-Ip-¶ ]m-X-bmWv. c-Rv-Pn-Xv kn³-l kn-_n-sF U-b-d-ÎÀ
8
Bw B-Zv-an ]mÀ«n Cu-bmw-]m-ä-IÄ am{Xw e£v-an \m-cm-bW³ A-Xn-\m¯s¶ tI-c-f-¯nse C-t¸mg-s¯ tI-c-f-¯n-se ap¶cm-{ão-b km-aqln-I km-lWn cm-{ão-b-¯n N-cy-s¯ F§-s\ hn-e-bnF-F-]n¡v C-Sw cp-¯p¶p? I-s≠-¯m-\m-InÃ. tI-c-f-¯n Pm-Xn-hyh-Ø-bp-sS I-cn-\n-g-ep-IÄ Xm-¦-fp-sS t\-XrC¶pw {]-I-S-amWv. kzm-an Xz-¯n \-S-¡p-¶ hn-th-Im-\-µ³ tI-cf-s¯ t\-{XZm-\ Im-ws]Pm-Xn-Nn-´-I-fp-sS t]-cn bv\n-sâ {]-hÀ-¯{`m-´m-e-b-sa-¶v hn-fn-¨Xv \§-sf¸än? C-¡m-e¯pw {]-k-à-amk-aq-l-¯n-se bn Xp-S-cp¶p. t]cn-s\m-¸w A-k-a-Xz§-sf ePm-Xn-t¸-cv Iq-«n-t¨À-¯v Lq-I-cn-¡m-\p-Å ]-d-bp-¶ hn-I-S-kw-kv-Im-cw A-h-k-c-am-bn-«m-Wv I-em-e-b cm-{ão-b-¯n-\p tI-c-f-¯n-\v A]-am-\-amWv. Rm³ A-h-b-h-Zm\hne § n« v {]X nt j[ § Ä C-S-Xp-]-£ {]-Øm-\-§-fms¯ Im-Wp-¶Xv. CÃm-Xm-¡m-\m-Wv `-c-WhrWv tI-c-f-¯n C¯-cw Pma-c-W-¯n-\-¸p-dw µw {ia n¡ p¶ Xv . aX \ nc XnNn-´-IÄ-¡v H-cp ]-cn-[nhPo-hn-Xw F-¶ sc X-S-bn«Xv. tkm-jy-en-kv-äv t]-£-X-bnepw km-aqln-I k-tµ-iw C-Xn-eq-sS \· b nepw hni zk n¡ p¶ B-i-b-§Ä-¡v ap³K-W-\ b-YmÀ-°y-am-¡bp-hP-\ {]-Øm-\-§-Ä t{] \ÂIn-b A-hÀ an-{ihn-hms¸-Sp¶p. "Im-gv-N' mÕ ml n¸ n¡ s ¸S Ww. ] l-s¯bpw an-{it`m-P-\F-¶ t\-{XZm-\ p-Xp-agbv-¡p ap-t¶m-Sn-bm-bn s¯bpw t{]m-Õm-ln-¸n¨p. Imws]bn-\p-am-bn h¶ Cubmw]mä I Ä am{ XF-¶m hÀKo-b Nn-´I-sf _-Ô-s¸-«v ]Xn-\mam-bmWv Bw B-Zv-an ]mÀ-«n{]o-Wn-¸n-¨v `-cn-¡p-¶-Xn-embn-c-¡-W-¡n-\v Abps S tIcf m {]t hi \s ¯ Wv tIm¬-{K-kn-sâ {i-². h-b-hZm-\ k-½-X]Im-tW-≠sX¶pw Un-sshAXp-t]m-se X-s¶ I-Å{X-§Ä C-Xp-h-sc F^ v s F kwØm\ sshk v ¡-S¯v, s]¬-hm-Wn`w, e-`n-¨p I-gn ªp. {]-knUâ v tdm-j³ tdm-bv A-gna-Xn F¶n-h k-aq-l"Im-gv-N-'bp-sS {]-hÀamXyp Fa ÀP nM v tIcf b v ¡ v ¯n hf-sc i-à-am-Wv. ¯-\-§-fp-am-bn A-\p-h-Zn-¨ A-`n-ap-J-¯n I-£n-cm-{ão-b t`Z-a-t\y ap-t¶m-«pt]m- Im³ ]d b p¶p. cm-{ão-b-¡mÀ H-¶S-¦w C¯X-s¶-bm-sW-sâ cw km-aqln-I hn-]-¯p-¡ÄXo-cp-am\w. s¡-Xn-tc ap-t¶m-«ph-tc≠-Xv A-\n-hm-cybph t\X m¡ Ä kmaqln-I\·-bv¡mamWv. bp-Å C¯-cw {]-hÀ-¯-\-§-fp-am-bn kwØm-\ cm-{ão-b-¯n-se bph-P-\ ap-t¶m-«ph-tc-≠-Xn-sâ B-h-iy-I-X-sb{]m-Xn-\n[y¯n Xr-]v-X\mtWm? ¸än? Iq-Sp-X bp-hm-¡Ä cm-{ão-b-¯n-tekm-aqln-I {]-Xn-_-²-X-bmÀ-¶ bp-h ¡v IS-¶ph-tc≠-Xv cm-{ã-¯n-sâbpw t\-Xm-¡-fm-Wv H-cp \m-Sn-sâ ]p-tcm-K-Xncm-{ão-b-¯n-sâbpw Im-tem-Nn-Xam-b A¡v Np-¡m³ ]n-Sn-¡p-¶Xv. A-Xn k-¼\n-hm-cy-X-bmWv. I-em-e-b cm-{ãob-s¯ ¶-Xbpw AXo-h Zm-cn{Zyhpw kr-ãn-¡man-I-¨ co-Xn-bn ]n-´p-W-bvt¡-≠-Xp≠v. sX P-\-Po-hn-X-¯n-sâ FÃm cw-K¯pw Im-cWw, I-em-e-b cm-{ão-b-¯n-\p hn-ek-ar-²n kw-Pm-X-am-Ip-¶ {]-hÀ-¯-\-§§n-«v {]-Xn-tj-[-§Ä CÃm-Xm-¡m-\m-Wv fn {i-²-bq¶n-b bp-hX-e-ap-d-sb-bm-Wv `-c-Whr-µ-w {i-an-¡p-¶Xv. H-cp bp-hk\-ap-¡m-h-iyw. Rm³ DÄ-s¸-Sp-¶ a-ql-s¯ sI-«n-¸-Sp-¡p-hm³ a-X-\n-ckn-]n-Fw C¯-c-sam-cp Nn-´m-K-Xn-bpt]-£-X-bnepw km-aqln-I \-·bnepw sSbpw {]-hÀ-¯-\- aÞe-¯n-sâbpw hn-iz-kn-¡p-¶ bp-hP-\ {]-Øm-\§-sf `m-K-am-sW-¶-Xn A-`n-am-\-ap≠v. t{]m-Õm-ln-¸n-t¡-≠-Xp≠v. C¯-cw tI-c-f-¯n-\p ap-¶n Xm-¦-fp-sS B-i-b§-sf km-£m-Xv-I-cn-¡p-¶-Xn-\pX-Ip-¶ H-cp C-S-Xp-]-£ Iq-«mbv-a k-akv- kwL-S-\ ap-t¶m-«v-h-bv¡p-¶ hnI-k-\ amXrI? X ta-J-e-I-fnepw D-≠m-I-W-sa-¶-Xm-Wv kz-Im-cyta-J-e-bv¡v \nb-aw A-\pF-sâ kz]v\w. izm-kn-¡p-¶ co-Xn-bn B-h-iyam-b FF]nbp-sS tIc-fm {]-thi-\w C-Sta-J-e-I-fn ]¦m-fn-¯w \Â-In-s¡mXp-]-£-¯n-\p Xn-cn-¨-Sn-bm-Ip-sa-¶ ≠v ]pXn-b kw-cw-`-§Ä B-cw-`n-¡Ww. hn-i-I-e-\§sf F§-s\ t\m-¡n-¡mF-s¶m-s¡ C-S-Xp]£w A-[n-Im-c-¯n Wp¶p? se¯n-tbm, A-t¸m-sgms¡ s]m-Xpta-J H-cn-¡-ep-anÃ, ]p-Xp-a-g-bv¡p ap¼p -em hy-h-km-b-§Ä em-`-¯n-em-¡m\pw s]m-´nh-¶ Cubmw]m-ä am-{X-am-Wv ]p-Xn-b-h B-cw-`n-¡m-\pw {i-an-¨n-«p≠v. FF]n. UÂ-ln-bn-se km-aq-ln-IþcmP-\-§Ä G-ä-hp-a-[n-Iw sIm-Å-b-Sn-¡{ão-b A-c-£n-Xm-h-Ø-bn \n¶pw Ds¸-Sp-I-bpw Nq-j-W-hn-t[-b-am-hp-Ibpw S-se-Sp-¯ H-cp XmXv-Imen-I {]-Xn-`m-kw sN-¿p-¶ B-tcm-Kyw, hn-Zym-`ym-kw, am-{X-am-Wv Bw B-Zv-an ]mÀ-«n-sb¶-Xv s]m-Xp-hn-X-cWw, K-Xm-KXw, Ip-Snhf-sc hy-à-amWv. kw-Øm-\-¯n-sâ shÅw, ssh-ZypXn Xp-S§n-b ta-J-e-I hnhn-[ `m-K-§-fn \n-¶pw A-hÀ¡v -fn anI¨ tkh-\w \Â-Im-\m-IWw. sNdnb tXm-Xn-ep-Å ]n´p-W e-`n-¡psXm-gn-em-fn-I-fp-sS hn-izm-khpw A-h¶p-s≠-¦n-epw C-Xv im-iz-X-am-Ip-sa-¶v Im-i-§-fpw kw-c-£n-¨v sa-¨-s¸-« Rm³ I-cp-Xp-¶nÃ. FF]n tI-{µt\km-aqlykm-l-Ncyw krãn-¡m-\p-Å Xr-Xz-¯n-sâ D-t±iyip²ntbm AÀ-¸-W A£o-W {i-a-¯n-sâ `m-K-¯m-Wv a-t\m-`m-htam tI-c-f LS-I-¯n-\nÃ. kn]nFw. FaÀ-PnMv tIcf t amÀ¨v 2014
cm{ãobw
Zmcn-{Zy-tcJsb "Xncp¯n' sa-¡³-kn 56 i-X-am-\w C-´y-¡mÀ¡pw A-Sn-Øm\-tk-h-\-§Ä e-`y-a-sÃ-¶v sa-¡³kn-bp-sS ]pXn-b ]T-\w. 680 anÃy¬ C´y-¡mÀ imào-I-c-W-tc-J(Empowerment Line) bpsS IognÂ.
A-Sn-Øm-\- tk-h-\-taJ-e-I-fn kÀ-¡mÀ sN-e-hn-Sp-¶-Xn-sâ 50 i-Xam\t¯m-fw P-\-§fn-se-¯p-¶nÃ. 580 anÃy-¬ P-\-§-sf 2022 B-Ip-t¼m-tg-¡pw im-àoI-c-W tc-J-bv-¡v ap-I-fn-se-¯n¡mw
Zn-]n³ Zm-tam-Zc³
km
-¼¯n-I ]-cn-jv-I-c-W-§-fp-sS B-Zy -am-säm-enIÄ C-´y-bn B-ª-Sn-¨-Xv 1990I-fn-em-bn-cp¶p. A-Xnsâ ^-e-am-bn cm-Py-¯v Zm-cn-{Zy-tc-J-bv-¡v Xm-sg-bp-f-f-hcp-sS F®-¯n KWy-amb Ipdhv kw`-hn-¨p cmPy¯v Zmcn-{Zy-¯n Pohn-¡p-¶-hÀ 1994 P-\-kwJy-bpsS 45 i-X-am-\-am-bn-cp-s¶-¦n 2005 37 i-X-am-\-am-bn Ip-d-ªp. 2012 F-¯n-b-t¸mÄ C-Xv 22 i-X-am-\-ambn ho≠pw Ipdªp. A-Xm-b-Xv 270 anÃy¬ P-\-§Ä kÀ-¡mÀ I-W-¡-\p-k-cn-¨v C-´y-bn Z-cn-{Z-cm-bn Po-hn¡p¶p. kÀ-¡mÀ I-W-¡-\p-k-cn-s¨¶v ]-d-ªmÂ, {Kma-§-fn 22 cq-]bpw \-K-c-§-fn 29 cq-]-bpw Zn-\w-{]-Xn sN-e-hn-\m-bn e-`n-¡m-¯hÀ. C-X-\p-k-cn-¨v Z-cn-{Z-cp-sS I-W-¡p-IÄ hÀ-jw tXmdpw Ip-d-ªp-h-cn-I-bm-sW-¶v kÀ-¡mÀ ]-d-bp-¶p. \à Imcyw Xs¶. F-¶m G-ähpw ]-cn-Xm-]-I-camb km-l-N-cy-§-fn Po-hn-¡p-¶-hsc A-Sn-Øm-\-s¸-Sp-¯n am-{X-ap-f-f I-W-¡p-I-fm-WnXv. C-´y-bp-sS am-\-h hnI-k-\ kq-Nn-I-IÄ Im-cy-am-bn ]cn-tim-[n-¨m Øn-Xn C-Xnepw tim-N-\o-b-am-sW¶m-Wv ]pXn-b ]T-\-§Ä ]-d-bp-¶Xv. temI-s¯ {] ap-J I¬-kÄ-«³-kn Øm-]-\am-b sa-¡³-kn-bp-sS ]pXn-b Kth-jW dnt¸mÀ«-\p-k-cn-¨v 56 i-X-am-\-t¯mfw C-´y-¡mÀ-¡v am-\yam-b Po-hn-Xw \-bn-¡m³ km-[n¡p-¶nÃ. G-ähpw an-\n-aw Po-hn-X-\n-e-hmc-s¯ \nÀhN-\w sN-bv-Xv Zm-cn-{Zy-tc-J-bv-¡v ]I-cw im-àoI-c-W tcJ (Empowerment Line) sb¶ ]pXnb Bi-bs¯ A-Sn-Øm-\-s¸-Sp-¯n-bm-Wv sa-¡³-kn-bp-sS ]T\w. C-´y-bp-sS Zm-cn-{Zytc-J I-Sp-¯ Zm-cn-{Zy-¯n Po-hn-¡p-¶hcn am{Xw {i-² tI-{µo-I-cn-¡p-t¼mÄ Fw-]-hÀ-saâ v sse³ Ipd-¨p-IqSn bpàn-]-chpw ka{K-hp-amWv. H-cp hy-àn-¡v A-bm-fp-sS k-a-{K-hn-I-k\-¯n-\m-h-iyam-b F-«v A-h-iy-L-S-I§-sf ap³-\n
680 anÃy¬ C-´y-¡mÀ¡v A-Sn-Øm-\- B-h-iy§Ä \n-d-th-äm³ km-[n¡p-¶nÃ
À-¯n-bm-Wv sa-¡³-kn ]T-\w \-S-¯n-b-Xv. `-£Ww, F-\ÀPn, lu-knwKv, Ip-Sn-shÅw, ip-Nn-Xzw, sl¯v-sIbÀ, hn-Zym-`ymkw, km-aq-ly kp-c-£þCu F-«v B-h-iy-§Ä-¡m-bn H-cp hy-àn-¡v Zn-\w-{]-Xn h-cp-¶ sN-e-hn-s\ B-{i-bn-¨m-Wv sa-¡³-kn-bn-se km-¼¯n-I im-kv-{X-ÚÀ im-àoI-c-W tc-J \n-Ý-bn-¨n-cn-¡p¶Xv. km-am\yw am-\yam-b Po-hn-X-\n-e-hm-c-¯n\v Cu F-«v L-S-I-§Ä XoÀ-¨-bmbpw ]-cn-K-Wn-¡-Wsa-¶m-Wv km-¼¯n-I hn-Z-Kv-[-cp-sS ]£w. im-àoI-c-W tcJ-sb A-Sn-Øm-\-s¸-Sp-¯n-bm-Wv C-´y³ P-\-kw-Jy-bn 56 i-X-am-\-¯n\pw A-Sn-Øm-\-]-cam-b B-h-iy-§Ä \n-dth-äm³ km-[n-¡p-¶n-sÃ-¶v sa-¡³-kn I-s≠-¯n-bXv. Cu I-W-¡-\p-k-cn-¨v 680 anÃy¬ P-\-§Ä Zm-cn-{Zy¯n-emWv. C-´y-bpsS Hu-tZymKn-I Zm-cn-{Zy-tc-J-b-\pk-cn-¨p-f-f 270 anÃy-Wnsâ 2.5 aS-§v A-[n-Iw h-cp-an-Xv.
Cu 680 anÃy¬ P-\§-sf im-àoI-c-W tc-J-bv-¡v ap-I-fn F-¯n-¡-W-sa-¦n h-cp-¶ sNe-hv C-´y³ Pn-Un-]n-bp-sS \m-ev i-X-am-\w h-cp-sa-¶m-Wv hn-e-bn-cp¯-s¸-Sp-¶Xv. Cu hnS-hv \n-I-¯p-¶-Xn-\pf-f sNehv Hu-tZymKn-I Zm-cn-{Zy-\nÀ-amÀP-\-¯n-sâ sN-e-hn-t\-¡mÄ G-gv a-S-§v Iq-Sp-X-emsW¶pw dnt¸mÀ«v ]d-bp¶p. F§-s\ C-´y¡v Cu hnS-hv \n-I-¯mw? 2022 B-Ip-t¼m-tg-¡pw 100 anÃy¬ P-\§-Ä am{Xw Fw-]-hÀ-saâ v sse-\n-\v Xm-sg-h-cp-¶ ]-²-XnbmWv sa¡³kn apt¶m-«p-hbv-¡p-¶Xv. 580 anÃy¬ P-\-§Ä Fw-]-hÀ-saâ v sse³ A-t¸-tg¡pw ]n¶n-«n-cn¡pw. A¯-c-sam-cp A-h-Ø-bn C-´y-bpsS Hu-tZymKn-I Zm-cn-{Zy-\nc-¡v tIh-ew H-cp i-X-am-\w am-{X-am-Ip-a-s{X. C-Xn-\m-bn kÀ-¡mÀ ap³K-W-\ \Â-tI≠-Xv \m-ev taJ-e-I-fn-em-sW¶v ]T-\w A-Sn-h-c-bn-Sp¶p. 1. sXm-gn-e-h-k-c-§Ä kr-ãn-¡p-¶-Xn-sâ th-K-X Iq-«pI: 115 anÃy¬ ImÀ-jn-I C-Xc sXm-gn-e-h-k-c-§Ä Iq-Sp-X kr-ãn-¡m³ kÀ-¡m-À \-S-]-Sn-sb-Sp-¡Ww. DÂ-¸mZ-\, \nÀam-W, A-Sn-Øm-\-kuI-cy ta-J-e-Ifn Du-¶Â \Â-I-Ww. 2. ImÀ-jn-tImÂ-¸mZ-\w hÀ-[n-¸n-¡p-I: ImÀ-jn-I-taJ-e-bn A-Sn-Øm-\ -ku-I-cy-§-sfm-cp-¡p-¶-Xn-\v Iq-Sp-X \n-t£-]w \-S-¯p-I. km-t¦-Xn-I-hn-Zy D-]tbm-K-s¸-Sp-¯n ImÀ-jn-I-cw-Kw \-ho-I-cn-¡p-I. hmÀjn-I h-fÀ-¨m\n-c¡v 5.5 i-X-am-\-¯n-se-¯n¡pI 3. A-Sn-Øm-\ -tk-h-\-ta-J-e-I-fn s]m-Xp-\n-t£-]w hÀ-[n-¸n-¡pI 4. A-SnØm-\ tk-h-\-ta-J-e-I-fn-ep-f-f sN-e-hn-S ^-e-{]m-]v-Xn-bn-se-¯p-¶p-sh-¶v Dd-¸v h-cp¯pI
G-ä-hpw Np-cp§nb tXm-Xn-ep-f-f kzo-Im-cyam-b
Pohn-X \n-e-hm-cw D-d-¸p-h-cp-¯-W-sa-¦n H-cp hyàn-¡v F-«v A-Sn-Øm-\ -tk-h-\-§Ä e-`y-amI-Ww: 1. `-£-Ww: Zn-\w-{]-Xn \-K-c-ta-J-e-bn 2100Dw {Kmao-W ta-J-e-bn 2400Dw I-temdn. 2. F-\À-Pn: ]m-N-I-¯n-\v hm-X-Iw e-`y-am-IWw. ssh-Zyp-Xn kw-hn-[m-\-hpw 3. ]mÀ-¸n-Sw: {Kmao-W ta-J-e-bn 215 N-Xp-c-{i-bSn, \-K-c-ta-J-e-bn 275 N-Xp-c-{ibSn 4. Ip-Sn-sh-Åw: {Km-ao-W-ta-J-e-bn H-cp Ip-Spw_-¯n\v Zn-\w-{]-Xn 70 en-äÀ P-ew, \-K-c-ta-J-ebn 135 enäÀ 5. ip-Nn-Xzw: {Km-a-§-fn-se ho-Sp-I-fn iu-Nm-e-b§Ä. \-K-c-§-fn-se ho-Sp-I-fn amen\y-P-e-kwkv-I-c-W-t¯m-Sv IqSn-b A-≠À-{Ku-≠v ko-th-Pv kw-hn-[m\w 6. slÂ-¯vsI-bÀ: FÃm X-e-¯n-ep-f-f B-tcm-Kytk-h-\-§-fp-sSbpw e`yX 7. hn-Zym-`ymkw: ss{]-adn, sk-¡³U-dn hn-Zym-`ymkw e-`y-amI-Ww 8. km-aq-ly-kpc-£: h-cp-am-\-\-ã-¯n³-ta-ep-f-f C³-jp-d³-kv ]-cn-c£
FaÀ-Pn-Mv tIcf t amÀ¨v 2014
9
kwcw-`-IXzw
m^v am-Xm tIm-sfPv Hn sSIvt\m-f-P
hnZymÀ-°n- kw-cw-`I-sc tX-Sn tI-c-f-¯
Hcp-]m-Sv Im-e-¯n-sâ \o-≠ Ncn{Xw ]-d-bp-hm-\nà am-Xm tImsf-Pn-\v, 2003 B-cw-`n-¨v H-cp Z-imÐw ]n-¶n-Sp-¶p. H-cp ]-Xn-äm≠n-\p-Ån H-cp \q-äm≠v HmÀ-¡s¸-tS-≠ ap-t¶-ä-am-Wv C-hn-sS-bp≠mbXv. Hmt«msam-_o cwK-¯v A-Ûp-X-§Ä XoÀ-t¯-¡m-hp-¶ \n-ch-[n ]-²-XnI-sf H-cp Ip-S-¡ogn A-h-X-cn-¸n-¡p-¶ am-Xm tImsfPv Hm^v sSIvt\m-f-Pnsb ]-cnN-b-s¸-Sp-¯pIbmWv C¯-h-W I-em-e-b-§-fn-eq-sS.
C sI \yqkv_yqtdm
Bib-k-¼-¶-X-bnÂ
s] -cn-bmÀ Im-gv-N-bp-sS hk-´w H-cp-¡p-¶ B-ep-h-bn \n-¶v t\mÀ-¯v ]-d-hq-cn-te¡v
t]m-Ip-t¼m-Ä a-\-bv-¡-¸-Sn-bn-em-Wv am-Xm tImsf-Pv Øn-Xn sN-¿p¶Xv. Im-b-epw ]p-gbpw A-Xn-cnSp-¶ N-cn-{X-ap-d-§p-¶ a-®v. Im-gv-N-bn {]u-VKw-`o-c-sa-¶p ]-d-bm-hp-¶ kp-µ-c-amb tIm-sfPv. \n-ch-[n ]-²-Xn-I-fp-sS \ho\ km[y-X-I-fm-Wv A-hÀ \-½-tfm-Sp ]-¦p-hbv-¡p-¶Xv. tIm-sf-Pnse Hm-t«m-sam-_o hn-`m-K-¯n \n¶pam{Xw 12 hy-Xy-kv-X ]-²-Xn-IÄ, P-t\m-] Im-c {]-Zam-b I-≠-s¯-ep-IÄ. B-i-b-k¼-¶-X-bp-sS s\-dp-I-bn \nÂ-¡p-¶ Cu ]-²-Xn-I-fp-sS hn-iZ-mw-§-fn-te-¡v.
am-Xm tIm-sfPv Un-ssk-\À ]²-Xn
sN-¯n-\-S-¡m³ C-e-{În-¡v ss_-¡pIÄ
sh-Å-¯n-tem-Sp¶ hml\w s]-t{Smfpw ssl-{U-P-\pw tNÀ-¶ an-{in-X-w C-Ô-\am¡n Hm-Sp-¶ hm-l\w. ssl-{U-P³ I-s≠-¯m³ hnj-an-t¡-≠ sh-Åw H-gn-¨p-sIm-Sp-¯m aXn. hml-\w s]-t{Sm-fn ÌmÀ-«v B-¡p-I, ]n-¶o-Sv ]-Xp-s¡ ssl{U-P-³ CÔ-\w D-]-tbm-Kn-¨v bm-{X Xp-S-cmw. km-[m-cW-sb-¡mÄ aq-¶n-cn-«n ssa-te-Pm-Wv C-Xn-sâ {]-tXyIX. A-`n-emjv, A-\p A-\nÂ-Ip-amÀ, t¥m-bn-Uv eq-bn-kv F-¶nhcm-Wv C-Xn-\p ]n-¶n {]-hÀ-¯n-¡p-¶Xv.
\-h-bp-K-¯n kv-t]mÀ-Sv-kv ss_-¡p-I-tfm-SmWv bp-hm-¡-fp-sS a-a-X. kv-t]mÀ-«n C-e-{În-¡v ss_¡p-IÄ hn-tZ-icm-Py-§-fn C-t¸m-tgbp-≠v. ]t£, ]-¯p e-£w cq] sIm-Sp-¡-W-sa-¶p am-{Xw. F-¶m A-\p-km-bv BÀ, ap-l½-Zv dn-bm-kv kn Fkv, hn-jv-Wp Z-¯³ sIhn, tUm¬ km-_p F-¶n-hÀ tNÀ¶v H-¶-c e-£w cq-]-bv-¡v kq-¸À kv-t]mÀ-«n C-e-{În-¡v ss_-¡v X-¿m-dm-¡p-I-bm-Wv. H-ä NmÀ-PnwKn 200 Intem ao-äÀ bm-{X-bpw 120 Intem ao-äÀ h-sc th-K-X-bp-amWv Cu ss_-¡v hm-Kv-Zm-\w sN-¿p-¶-Xv. sh-tem-jy-kv F-¶ kp-µ-c³ t]-cpw ChÀ hm-l-\-¯n-\v \ÂInbn-«p-≠v .
km-t¦-Xn-Ihn-Zy-bp-sS k-lm-b-t¯m-sS sN-¿p-¶ hm-l\ Un-ssk-\m-Wv C-Xv. sk-Um³ sk-Kvsaân-tem, F-kvbp-hn skKvsaântem h-cp-¶ hm-l-\-¯n-sâ h-ep-¸w Np-c-p¡m \pw Iq-«p-hm\pw km-[n-¨m F-{X a-t\m-l-c-am-bncn-¡pw. ]mÀ-¡v sN-¿-pt¼mÄ \m-ep ko-äpÅ hml-\w c-≠p ko-äm-¡n-bn F-{X F-fp-¸w A-tÃ. A-X-p X-s¶-bm-Wv A-aÂ-cm-Pv sI -kn bm-YmÀ°y-am-¡m³ {i-an¡p¶-Xpw. I-w]yq-«-dn-sâ k-lm-b-t¯m-sS Un-ssk³ am-{X-am-Wv A-a sN-¿p-¶-Xv. {]m-tbm-Kn-I-am-bn sN-¿phm³ km-[n-¡p-sa-¦n-epw H-¶-c e-£w cq-] sNe-hp h-cp-¶-Xn-\m \n-e-hn U-n-ssU³ am-{X-am-Wv X-¿m-dm-¡p-¶Xv.
sa-¯-t\mÄ CÔ\-am¡mw
kv-än-b-dnw-Kv {^-≠v-en kn-än ImÀ hm-l-\-¯n-sâ a-[y-`mK-¯v kv-än-b-dnw-Kv A-h-X-cn-¸n-¡p-¶ A-]qÀ-h Un-ssk³. ho t{Im-km-bn kv-än-b-dnw-Kn-s\ _-Ôn-¸n-¡p¶p. C-Xn-eq-sS kotdm Un{Kn h-sc bq tS¬ km-[y-am-Ip-I-bpw, ]-hÀ Ìn-b-dnw-Kv F-^-Îv e-`n-¡p-Ibpw sN-¿p¶p. A-ÐpÄ c-©p sI-Fkv, l-cn-i¦À, hn-\-b³ sIF^v, A-jv^m-Jv A-l-½-Zv sI-]n F-¶n-h-cmWv Cu s{]m-P-În-\p ]n-¶nÂ.
10
In-c¬ Kn-co-jv, _m-ep sI BÀ, A-Pn-¯v ]n- F , ap-l½-Zv AÀj-¡v lmco-jv F-¶o \m-Â-hÀ kw-Lw sa-¯-t\m Ä A-[n-jvTn-X hml-\w \nÀan-¡m-\p-Å X-¿m-sd-Sp-¸n-emWv. \n-e-hn 70 i-X-am-\w sa-¯-t\m-fpw 30 i-X-am-\w s]-t{Smfpw A-S-§p-¶ an-{in-X-¯n h-sc hml-\w kvämÀ-«v B-¡p-hm³ C-hÀ-¡v km-[n-¨n-«p-≠v. ]qÀ-W-ambpw sa-¯-t\m-fn Hm-Sp-¶ hml-\-amWv C-h-cpsS kz-]v\w. dn-\yq-h-_nÄ F-\À-Pn F-¶-Xm-Wv sa-¯-t\m-fn-sâ k-hnti-jX I-cn-bn \n¶pw I-cn-¼n \n-¶psaÃmw sa-¯-t\mÄ D-¸m-Zn-¸n-¡mw.
FaÀ-PnMv tIcf t amÀ¨v 2014
¯n-se Iym-w]-kp-I-fn-eq-sS H-cp bm-{X... F¶pw hf-sc \Ã ]-²-Xn-
I-fp-am-bn-«m-Wv a-mXm tImsf-Pnse Hm-t«m-sam-_o hn-`m-Kw h-¶n-«p-ÅXv. ap-¼v tlm-h-À {Im-^v-äv (sh-ůnepw I-c-bnepw Hm-Sp-¶ hm-l\w) F-bÀ ^yq-h hm-l-\w, F-\n (any)^yqh hml-\w Xp-S§n-b \n-ch-[n Im-cy-§Ä C-hn-sS \n-¶v bm-YmÀ-°y-am-bn-«p≠v. tIm-sf-Pn-sâ `mK-¯p \n-¶v hen-b ]n-´p-W-bm-Wv hns{]m-^-kÀ ZymÀ-°n-IÄ-¡v e-`n-¡p-¶-Xv. C sI a-¯mbn \à em-_v ku-I-cyhpw (Fan-cn-ä-kv, Hm-t«mC-hn-sS-bp-≠v. ]n-s¶ hn-Zym sam-_o hn-`mKw) À-°n-IÄ-¡v th-≠n F-Iv-kvt]m-Ifpw kw-L-Sn-¸n-¡p-¶p. km¼-¯n-I k-lm-b-§Ä sN-¿p-¶nÃ, hn-ZymÀ-°n-IÄ X-s¶-bm-Wv ]-²-Xn-IÄ¡v ]-Ww I-s≠-¯p-¶-Xv.
SÀt_m NmÀ-PÀ CâenPâ v t{_-¡nw-Kv kn-kv-äw. thmÄ-thm-bp-sS Im-dp-I-fn I-≠ph-cp-¶ Hm-t«m-am-än-¡v t{_-¡nw-Kv knkv-äw ss_-¡p-I-fn-te¡pw k-¶n-thin-¸n-¡p-I-bmWv sk-_n³ tUman, tPmk-^v ssj³, \n-Iv-k¬ tPmbv, A£-bv F³ \m-cm-W-b³-Ip-«n F-¶n-h-c-p-sS Sow. SÀt_m NmÀ-PÀ Iq-sS D-]-tbm-Kn-¡p-¶-Xn-\m hm-l-\¯n-\v Iq-Sp-X ]n-¡vA¸pw e-`n-¡pw.
BÀ{Z-X Ipd-¨v ssa-te-Pv Iq-«p-¶ hml\w
^yq-h F-^n-jy³-kn Cw-{]q-hv-saâ v bq-knw-Kv hm-«À C³-P£³
FÃm hm-l-\-¯nepw BÀ-{Z-X-bpsS (lyp-an-Unän) {]-iv-\-§Ä ]-cn-l-cn-¨m 20 i-X-am-\w h-sc ssa-te-Pv Iq-«mw. C-Xp Xn-c-n¨-dn-ªv s]Â-än dn-^vfÎv sXÀtam I-¸nÄ sSIv-t\mf-Pn D-]-tbm-Kn-¨v ]n-¡vA-¸pw ssa-tePpw D-bÀ-¯p-I-bm-Wv A-JnÂcm-Pv cm-P-\pw, c-RvPnXv am-Xyp-hpw, {io-e³ F-kpw.
F³-Pn-sâ C³-se-äv F-bÀ ^yq-h an-I-vk-dn-sâ Nq-Sv Ip-d-bv¡p-Ibpw ssa-te-Pn 40 i-X-am\w hÀ-[\-hv h-cp-¯p-I-amWv Cu ]-²-Xn-bn-eq-sS bm-YmÀ-°y-am-¡p¶Xv. a-e-n\o-Ic-Ww Ip-d-bp-sa¶Xv C-Xn-sâ a-säm-cp Kp-W-amWv. _n-_n³ tPm¬, knw-Pp³ kn F¨v, {io-Im-´v ap-c-fn, cm-am\-µv Pn F-kv F-¶n-h-cm-Wv C-Xn-\m-bn {]-hÀ-¯n¡p-¶Xv.
doP-\-td-änw-Kv t{_-¡nw-Kv hn-¯v ssI-\-än-¡v F-\À-Pn dn-¡-h-dn kn-kv-äw hm-l-\w D-]-tbm-Kn-¡p-¶-hÀ¡v G-ähpw A-Xym-h-iyamb H-¶m-Wv t{_¡v. t{_-¡v D-]-tbm-Kn-¡p-t¼mÄ D-≠m-Ip-¶ DuÀ-Pw H-cp _m-Î-dn-bn-te-¡v ti-J-cn-¨v hm-l-\-¯n-sâ C-Ô\-am-¡p-¶ km-t¦Xn-I hn-Zy-¡p ]n-¶n {]-hÀ-¯n-¡p¶Xv Pm-^À P-amÂ, A-`n-\m-jv ]n- F, s{^-Un³-km-Pp, k-t\m-Pv Fw F-kv F-¶n-h-cmWv.
tjm-¡v A_v-tkmÀ_À B-kv ]-hÀ _q-ÌÀ
Uyp-h ]-hÀ P-\-tdä-Uv ssl-{_n-Uv h-ml\w _mä-dnbnepw s]-t{Sm-fnepw Hm-Sp-¶ hm-l-\-amWv CXv, s]-t{Sm-fn hml\w Hm-Sp-t¼mÄ ]p-I-bp-]-tbm-Kn-¨v _mä-dn NmÀ-Pv sN-¿p-sa-¶-XmWv a-sämcp {]-tXyI-X. I-rjv-W {]-km-Zv Sn-F, kn-tPm-bv tPmÀPv, D-®n-hn-jv-Wp Sn -]n, an-Yp³ sP-bnw-kv F-¶n-h-cmWv Cu I-≠p-]n-Sp-¯-¯n-\v ]n-¶n- {]-hÀ-¯n-¨n-cn-¡p-¶Xv. FaÀ-Pn-Mv tIcf t amÀ¨v 2014
tI-c-f-¯n-se Ip≠pw Ip-gn-bpapÅ tdm-Up-IÄ I-≠-dn-ªm-Wv Cu ]-²-Xn-bp-sS hn-`m-h-\w. hml-\-¯n H-cp tjm¡v A_vtkmÀ_À Iq-Sp-X-em-bn D-]-tbmKn-¡p-I-bpw, A-Xn Iw-{]-kv-Uv hm-bp H-cp Sm-¦n-te-¡v kv-tämÀ sN¿p-Ibpw sN-¿p-¶p. C-Xv D-]-tbmKn-¨v F³-Pn³ hm-l-\-¯n-sâ ]-hdpw ssa-tePpw D-bÀ-¯p¶p. \m-ep N-{I hm-l-\-§Ä-¡m-Wv A-\p-tbmPyw. Iw-{]kv-Uv F-bÀ t{_-¡nwKn\pw D-]-tbm-Kn-¡mw. A-\o-jv F, Snt\m tXm-akv, \-hm-kv A-ko-kv, B-jn-¡v A-l½-Zv F-¶n-h-cm-Wv C-Xn-\p ]n-¶n-epÅ-Xv.
kq-¸À ImÀ Hm-t«m-am-än¡v sslt{Um-fn-¡v Pm¡n, P-e-s¯ ssl-{U-P³ B-bn cq-]m-´c-s¸-Sp-¯n C-Ô-\am-¡p-¶ km-t¦Xn-I hnZy, _«¬ A-[n-jvTn-X Kn-bÀ jn-^vänwKv Cu aq-¶p Im-cy-§Ä bm-YmÀ-°y-am-¡p-¶ H-cp kq¸À ImÀ H-¶-c e-£w cq-] apS¡n X-¿m-dm-¡p-I-bm-Wv 10 hn-ZymÀ-°n-IÄ. A-\p-cq-]v PnFkv, cm-lp Pn \mbÀ, \nYn³ {^m³-knkv, A-Nyp-X³ sI ta-t\m³, hn-jv-Wp sI]n, kuay H Fkv, kn-t\m-Pv _m-e³, kp-an-¯v ta-te-S¯v, kv-äm³-en km-ap-thÂ, AJn tXma-kv F-¶n-h-cmWv Cu Iq-«m-bv-a-bn-epÅXv.
11
W O M E N
+
E N T R E P R E N E U R
hÀW-\q-en sa-\-sª-Sp-¯ hnPbw cay \mbÀ
`
1988 þ a-eb - m-fn s]¬-Ip-«n-If - p-sS h-kv{X-tam-l§ - Ä, ]-«nepw jn-t^mWnep-sam-s¡ s\-bs v- X-Sp-¯ kmcnbpw Zm-hW - nbpw Np-än im-eo\-Xtbm-sS hn-ek - n-bn-cp-¶ Im-e¯ - mWv X-eØm-\ \-Kc - n-bp-sS lr-Zb - ` - m-Kam-b im-kX v- a - w-Ke¯v "t_m-Un Syq¬kv' F-¶ t]-cn ]p-Xp-ab - p-Å Hcp "Pufn¡-S' {]-Xy-£s - ¸-Sp-¶Xv. Un-ssk\À C-\¯ - n-ep-Å Np-cn-Zm-dp-IÄ- am{Xw e-`n-¡p¶ B Øm-]\-s¯bpw A-Xn-sâ D-Sa - jo-e sP-bnw-kn-s\bpw t\m¡n "C-Xv F-s´m-cp Iq¯v' F-¶v ]-cn-lk - n-¨h - À G-sd. F-¶m X-fcm-¯ a-t\m-ho-cy-ap-Å t_-_ntPm¬ k-Jm-hn-sâ a-IÄ "jo-e sP-bnwkv' F-¶ Un-ssk-\À¡v ]-Xd - m³ a-\k - nÃm-bn-cp¶p. Xn-cp-h\ - ´ - ] - p-c¯ - n-sâ A-¶ph-sc-bp-Å h-k{v- X hn-]W - n- k-ahm-Iy-§s - f joe am-än-ad - n¨p
12
À-¯mhpw a-Ifp-sam-¯v sN-ss¶-bn Xm-ak-am¡n-b jo-e sP-bnw-kv F-¶ a-e-bm-fn ho-«½ h-f-sc- B-I-kv-an-I-am-bn X-sâ h-kv-{XtiJcw ]-c-Xn-b-t¸m-gm-Wv tIm-sf-Pv Im-e-L-«-¯n- Xm³ X-s¶ Un-ssk³ sN-bv-X »u-kp-I-fp-sS hy-Xy-kv-X-X a-\-kn-ep-S-¡n-bXv. H-cp Iu-am-c¡m-cn-bp-sS ku-µ-cy-k-¦Â-¸§-sf A-Xn-Po-hn¡p-¶ F-t´m H-cp L-S-Iw B h-kv-{X-§Ä-¡ps≠-¶v Xn-cn-¨-dn-ª-t¸mÄ F´psIm-≠v C-Xv ho≠pw {i-an-¨p-Iq-Sm F¶ tXm-¶-ep-≠mbn. A-§-s\-bm-Wv Un-ssk-\nw-Kn ]p-Xph-gn tXSm³ jo-e \n-Ý-bn-¡p-¶Xv. B Im-e-L-«-¯n h³ \-K-c-§-fn Np-cn-ZmÀ X-cw-Kam-Ip¶-Xv I-≠v X-sâ Un-ssk-\nw-Kv ]-co£-Ww B D-¯tc-´y³ h-kv-{X-¯n ]p-\-cm-cw-`n-¡m³ jo-e Xo-cp-am-\n ¨p. X-sâ X-s¶ A-f-hn 3þ4 Np-cn-Zm-dp-IÄ Un-ssk³ sN-bv-Xv Iq-«p-Im-cn-bp-sS _q-«n-Iv h-gn hn-ä-gn-¨-t¸mÄ joebp-sS B-ß-hn-izm-kw H-cp s{]m-^-j-W se-h-en F-¯p-I-bm-bn-cp-¶p. Cu cwKs¯ amÀ¡-äv km[y-X Xncn-¨-dn-ª jo-e X-sâ Un-ssk-\p-I-fp-sS F-Iv-kn-_n-j-\pIÄ sN-ss¶bn ]-e-bn-S-¯m-bn kw-L-Sn-¸n¨p. ]pXpa sIm≠pw hÀ-W-ssh-hn[yw sIm≠pw {i-²n-¡-s¸-« jo-ebp-sS Un-ssk-\p-IÄ-¡v B-h-iy-¡mÀ G-dnh¶p.
hn-P-b-¯n-sâ ]-S-hp-IÄ sh-dpw 2000 cq-] ap-XÂap-S-¡n-em-Wv jo-e B-Zy-ambn- Np-cn-Zm-dp-IÄ Un-ssk³ sN-¿p-¶-Xv. tI-c-f-¯n-te-¡v a-S-§n-sb-¯n-b joe 1988 Xn-cp-h-\-´-]p-c-s¯ B-Zy Un-ssk-\À _q-«nIv "t_m-Un Syq¬kv' B-cw-`n-¨p. Unssk-\À Np-cn-Zm-dp-IÄ am{Xw e-`n-¡p¶ B kw-cw-`-¯n-\v, km-cnbpw Zm-h-Wnbp-sam-s¡ A-c-§p-hm-gp-¶ A¡me-¯v X-Wp-¯ kzo-I-c-W-am-Wv BZyw e-`n-¨Xv. F-¶m joe-bp-sS Un-ssk-\nw-Kv hn-cp-Xv Xn-cn-¨-dn-ªhÀ ]-Xps¡ "t_m-Un Syq¬-kns\' kzo-I-cn-¡p-I-bm-bn-cp¶p. B-cn hÀ-¡n-s\-¡p-dn¨v tIc-fw tI-«v Xp-S§pw ap-¼m-Wv joe B lm³-Uv Fw-t{_m-bU-dn ssi-en Np-cn-Zm-dp-I-fn-eq-sS \-K-c-¯n A-h-X-cn-¸n-¡p-¶Xv. h-kv-{X ssh-hn-[y-w X-s¶bm-Wv 25 hÀ-j-¯n-\n-¸p-dhpw Ahsc _n-kn\-kv cw-K-¯v \n-e-\nÀ-¯p¶-Xv F-¶v Øn-cw I-Ì-ta-gv-kv km-£y-s¸-Sp¯p-¶p. 2010em-Wv jo-e Un-ssk-\À km-cn-I-fp-sS F-Iv-kv-¢q-ko-
hv tjm-dqam-b sk-do-\m B-cw-`n-¡p-¶Xv. XpS-¡w ap-X X-s¶ \-K-c-hm-kn-IÄ s\-©n-teän-b sk-do-\m AXo-h lr-Zyam-b km-cn-IÄ ]p-Xp-\n-d-§-fn A-h-X-cn-¸n-¡p-¶p. 1000 ap-X 5000 cq] h-sc-bp-Å hn-e-I-fn e-`n-¡p-¶ I-f-£-\p-I-fp-sS B-cm-[-I-cm-bn kn-\n-amþko-cn-bÂþcm-{ãob cw-K-§-fn-se {]-ap-JÀ t]m-ep-ap≠v. sXm-«-Sp-¯v X-s¶bp-Å d-®nw-Kv ^m-{_n-Iv sa-äo-cn-b tÌmdm-b Hm-]v-j ³þtIm-«¬ kv-äpUn-tbm¡pw B-cm-[-IÀ G-sd-bmWv.
_n-kn\-kv te-Un hy-Xy-kv-XX-bv¡m-bp-Å Xn-c-¨n-em-Wv jo-e-bp-sS h-kv{X§-sf hy-Xy-kv-X-am-¡p-¶Xv. \q-X-\ Un-ssk-\p-Ifpw XpWn-¯-c-§fpw tX-Sn \n-c´-cw bm-{X sN-¿p-¶ jo-e Cu cwK-s¯ I-em-Im-c-·mcpw D-¸mZ-I-cp-am-bp-Å ZoÀ-LIm-e _-Ô-§fpw F-®nbm-sem-Sp-§m-¯ A-\p-`-h-§-fp-am-Wv X-sâ ssI-apXse¶v A-h-Im-i-s¸-Sp¶p. h-kv-{X-hn]-Wnbnse km-[y-X-I-sfÃmw sRm-Sn-bn-S-bn Xn-cn-¨-dn-bp-¶ jo-e H-cp h-kv-{X-kw-kv-Im-cw cq-]-s¸-Sp-¯p-hm-\m-Wv {i-an¡p-¶Xv. D-Õ-h§Ä, Im-em-h-Ø Xp-S-§n-b-h I-W-¡n-seSp¯v, H-cp i-cmi-cn a-e-bm-fn-bp-sS a-\-k-dn-ªm-Wv Xm³ Un-ssk-\p-IÄ H-cp-¡p-¶-sX-¶v jo-e. Cu hm-Zw i-cn-hbv¡p-¶-XmWv "KmÀ-U³þh-tcen' am-Xr-I-bn-ep-Å jo-ebp-sS ko-k-W I-f-£-³kv. k-½À kv-s]-jy tIm-« s^-Ìv, an-Ivkv& am-¨v am\n-b I-f£³, F³-BÀ-sF I-f£³kv XpS-§nb sk-do-\-bn-se P-\-{]n-b sk-bnÂ-kv FIv-kn-_n-j-\p-IÄ A-h-bv¡v Nn-e D-Zm-l-c-W-§Ä am-{Xw. C-h Iq-Sm-sX I-Ì-a-dp-sS B-h-iy-{]-Im-cw Un-ssk³ sN-¿p-hm\pw jo-e X-¿m-dmWv. ]p-Xp-a-bv¡m-bp-Å \nc-´-c {]-b-Xv-\-am-Wv joe-sb H-cp i-X-tIm-Sn _n-kn\kv te-Unbm-¡n-bXv.
A-½-bp-sS a-IÄ ap-XnÀ-¶ t\-Xm-hm-bn-cp-¶ t_-_ntPm-Wn-sâ a-Ifpw kwØm\ sXm-gn a{´n jn-_p t_-_n- tPm-Wn-sâ k-tlm-Z-cnbpw ap³ A-Uz-t¡-äv P-\d sP-bnw-kv sI tPm-k-^n-sâ `m-cy-bp-sam-s¡-bm-sW-¦nepw jo-e C-¶v G-sd A-dn-b-s¸-Sp¶Xv "Un-ssk-\À im-en-\n sP-bnw-knsâ A-½'sb-¶ t]cn-emWv. A-Xv Xm³ G-sd-bm-kz-Zn-¡p¶p-sh-¶v jo-e ]-d-bp-¶p. im-en-\n-s¡m¸w a-äp a-¡fm-b civ-anbpw X-cpWpw \Â-Ip-¶ ]n-´p-W-bmWv ]pXn-b ]-co-£-W-§Ä-¡v {]-tNm-Z-\-am-Ip-¶Xv. Hmtcm kv-{Xo-bp-sS D-Ån-sebpw D-d-§n-¡n-S-¡p-¶ cm-Ún-sb ]pd-¯v sIm-≠ph-cp-I-bm-Wv Xsâ e-£y-sa-¶v ]-d-bp-¶ jo-e Cu cwKs¯ A-Xn-Im-b-tc-¡mÄ H«pw ]p-d-IneÃ.
FaÀ-PnMv tIcf t amÀ¨v 2014
FaÀ-Pn-Mv tIcf t amÀ¨v 2014
\bX{´w
hcq, Nn-¶-¡-S-bnÂ
Ib-dnt\m¡mw No
\-¡S tem-]n-¨m-Wv Nn-¶-¡-Sbm-b-sX-¶mWv sFXnlyw. ssN-\m \nÀan-X DÂ-¸-¶-§Ä h³tXmXn hn-ä-gn-ªn-cp-¶ ]p-cm-X-\ sX-cphm-WtÃm sImÃ-s¯ No-\-s¯-cp-hv tUm. taml³ AY-hm Nn-¶¡-S. A-hnShÀKokv s¯ No-\-¸«pw No-\-`-cWnbpw No-\-¨-«nbpw hn-«v \-ap-¡v C¶-s¯ B-[p\nI ssN\-sb H-¶p I-≠-dn-ªm-tem. tI-c-f-¯n-se {]ap-J hy-h-km-bn-Ifpw C-d¡p-a-Xn-¡mcpw hÀ-jw c-≠p {]m-hiyw ssN-\bn t]m-bn h-cm-dp≠v. A-hn-sS \n-¶m-Ws{X C-t¸mghÀ-¡v {][m-\ DÂ-¸-¶-§fpw B-i-b§fpw aäpw In-«p-¶Xv. sa-bv-Uv C³ ssN-\ D¸-¶-§-fp-sS {][m-\ hnÂ-¸-\ tI-{µ-am-Wv G-{]n-enepw H-tÎm-_-dn-ep-am-bn \-S-¡p-¶ Im⬠s^-bÀ F-¶p-Iq-Sn A-dn-b-s¸-Sp-¶ KymMv-jq hym-]m-c-ta-f. H-¶-c e-£w B-tKm-f k-µÀi-IÀ h-¶pt]m-Ip-¶ Cu ta-f-bn G-Xm-≠v 250t]À tI-c-f hym-]m-cn-I-fmWv. tIm-´³ sImïpw A-¼m-S³ B-e-¸p-gbpw t]m-bn h-¶n-cp-¶ Im-ew I-gn-ªp. C-t¸mÄ tI-c-f-¯n \n-¶p t]m-Ip-¶-hÀ shdpw ssItbm-sS-bà ssN-\-bn \n-¶p Xn-cn-s¨-¯p-¶Xv. ssN-\o-kv C-d-¡paXn HmÀ-U-dp-I-fn ap-¶n-«p\n Â-¡p¶-Xv Ir-jn D-]-I-c-W§Ä, b-{´§Ä, A-tem-bv DÂ-¸-¶§Ä, Hm-t«m-sam-_o B-Ivk-k-dnIÄ, C-e-Ivt{Sm-Wn-Iv-kv D-]-I-c-W§Ä, ss^-_À ¥m-kv A-[n-jvTn-X \nÀam-W km-a-{KnIÄ, KmÀln-I Hm-^o-kv ^À-Wo-¨À F-¶n-h. c-≠-c e-£w S¬ ssN-\o-kv DÂ-¸-¶-§-fm-Wv C-¡-gn-ª hÀ-jw hÃmÀ-]m-Sw I-s≠-bv-\À sSÀan-\-en h-¶n-d-§n-bXv. F-´mWmthm ]m-Ým-Xy DÂ-¸-¶§-sf ]n´-Ån ssN-\o-kv hn-`-h-§Ä tX-Sn-t¸m-Im³ tI-c-fobsc C-t¸mÄ t{]-cn-¸n-¡p-¶Xv? H-¶v ssN-\o-kv DÂ-¸¶-§-fp-sS Kp-W-ta· Xs¶. ap³Im-e-§-fn- C-hn-sS e-`y-am-bn-cp¶ ssN-\m \nÀan-X ¹m-Ìn-Iv DÂ-¸-¶§Ä, I-fn-¸m-«§Ä, Ce-t{Îm-Wn-Iv D-]-I-c-W-§Ä F-¶n-h G-sdbpw Cu-Sp\nÂ-¡p-¶-h-bm-bn-cp-¶nÃ. hn-ebpw Izmfn-änbpw Ipd-ª Cu sa-bv-Uv C³ ssN-\ D¸-¶-§Ä \ÂInb tam-iw {]-XnÑm-b ]qÀ-Wambpw I-gp-In-¡-fbm-\m-hn-sÃ-¦nepw Kp-W-ta-·bp-f-f H-cp ]n-Sn ssN-\o-kv DÂ-¸-¶-§Ä C-¶v tI-c-f hn-]-Wn-bn Øm-\w ]n-Sn-¨ncn-¡p¶p. A-hsb-¯p-¶-tXm, \-½p-sS C-d-¡p-a-Xn-¡mÀ ssN-\-bn-se DÂ-¸m-Z-\ tI-{µ-§Ä t\-cn-«pt]m-bn I-≠v Kp-W-ta-· D-d-¸ph-cp¯n-b ti-jw am-{Xw. A-Xmb-Xv G-sXm-cp A-ta-cn-¡³, bq-tdm-]y³, Pm-¸-\o-kv \nÀan-X DÂ-¸-¶-t¯mSpw In-S-]n-Sn-¡p-¶ \nÀam-W km-a-{Kn-Ifpw b-{´-§fpw a-äpw ssN-\-bn \n-¶v C-d-¡pa-Xn sN-¿mw. c-≠m-a-Xm-bn KÄ-^v ta-Je t]m-se-bp-Ån-S-§-fn-te-¡v hn-k e-`n-¡m-\pÅ-{X \q-em-am-e-IÄ ssN-\m k-µÀ-i\-¯n-\nÃ. A-hn-sS C-t¸mÄ hn-k \-S-]-Sn-IÄ Xm-c-Xtay-\ e-fn-X-amWv. ssN-\ F-¶ I-½yq-Wn-Ìv cmPyw C-cp-¼p-a-dbv-¡p-Ån Øn-Xn-sN-¿p-¶p F-¶ [m-c-W ]-g-¦-Y-bm-bn-¡-gn-ªn-cn-¡p¶p. C-tXm-sSm-¸w X-t±io-bþ]-Sn-ªm-d³ DÂ-¸-¶-§-sf-¡mÄ Xm-c-X-tay-\ Ip-d-ªhnebpw ssN-\o-kv Cd-¡pa-Xnsb B-IÀ-j-Iam-¡p¶p. ssN-\-bp-sS kzÀ-W \-b-am-Wv tI-c-fo-bÀ D-äp-t\m¡p-¶ a-säm-cp Im-cyw. 2013 C-´y-sb ]n´-Ån ssN\ temI-s¯ G-ähpw hen-b kzÀ-W C-d-¡p-aXn, D-]t`m-K cm-Py-am-bn am-dn-bn-cn-¡p¶p. C´y Cu A-Sp-¯
14
ssN-\-bn 2013 \-S-¶ A-[n-Im-css¡-am-äw C-´y-sb kw-_-Ôn-¨n-St¯m-fw H-cp ]pXn-b Xp-S-¡-¯n\p-Å A-h-k-c-amWv. eo X-sâ B-Zy hntZ-i k-µÀi-\w C-´y-bnte-¡m-¡nb-Xv h-cm-\n-cn-¡p-¶ \à \m-fp-I-fp-sS kq-N-\-bm-hmw. a-dn-IS-¶v {io-e-¦-bv¡v G-ä-hp-a-[n-Iw hmbv-] \Â-Ip-¶ cm{ãw F-¶ ]Z-hn ssN-\ ssI-b-S-¡n-bn-cp¶p. hwiob t]m-cm-«w X-IÀ-¯ {io-e-¦-bp-sS A-SnØm-\ kuI-cy hn-I-k-\-¯n-\p ssN-\ \Â-Ip-¶ k-lm-bw I-≠n-söp \-Sn-¡m³ C-´y-¡m-hnÃ. h-cpw \-m-fp-I-fn C-´y³ Xp-d-ap-J-§Ä-¡v i-à-am-b aÕ-cw t\-cn-Sm-\pÅ-Xv ssN-\o-kv k-lm-b-t¯m-sS \m-ev _n-ey¬ tUm-fÀ sNe-hn«v e-¦-bn \nÀan-¨ lw_³-tXm-ä Xp-d-ap-J-¯n \n-¶m-hpw. B-`y-´-c bp-²Ime-s¯ sN-bv-Xn-I-fp-sS t]-cn bpF³ a-\p-jym-hIm-i I-½n-j-\n A-tacn-¡-bpÄ-s¸-sS-bpÅ tem-I-cm-Py-§-fp-sS hn-Nm-c-W t\-cn-Sp-¶ {io-e¦bv-¡v {]-kvXp-X k-an-Xn-bn-se {]ap-J i-ànbmb ssN-\-bp-sS k-lm-bw th-s≠-¶p h-bv-¡m\p-am-hnÃ. e-¦-bv¡p ]pd-sa ]m-¡n-kv-Xm-\p-am-bpÅ ssN-\-bpsS hÀ-[n-¨p h-cp-¶ hym-]m-c, hm-Wn-Py _-Ô-§fpw C-´y-sb H-s«m-¶p-aà k-½À-Z¯n-em-¡p-¶Xv. ssN-\-bpsS ]-Sn-ªm-d³ kn³-Pn-bm-Mv {]-hn-iy-sb ]m-¡n-Øm\p-am-bn _-Ôn-¸n-¡p-¶ ]m-Iv A-[n-\n-th-i Im-iv-aoÀ h-gn-bp-Å \nÀ-Zn-ã km-¼¯n-I C-S-\m-gn hcpw \m-fpI-fn h³ NÀ-¨m hn-j-b-am-tb-¡mw. C-t¸mį-s¶ XÀ-¡ hn-j-bam-b Im-c-t¡m-dw ssl-th-bn-te-¡v tdm-Uv en-¦p-Å Cu C-S-\m-gn-bn ssN-\-bn \n-¶p-Å F-\ÀPn ss]¸v-sse-\p-I-fp-sS hn-\ymk-s¯ C-´y kw-ibZrãn-tbm-sS Im-Wp¶p. C-´y-bp-sS B-i-¦-IÄ-¡v A-Sn-Øm-\-an-söpw Xn-I¨pw km-¼-¯n-Iþhym]m-c Xm¸-cy-§Ä am-{Xta Cu ]-²-Xn-bp-sS ]n-¶n-ep-Åq F-¶p-apÅ ssN-\-bp-sS hm-Zw C-´y ap-J-hn-e-s¡-Sp-¯n«nÃ. ssN-\-bn 2013 \-S-¶ A-[n-Im-c-ss¡-am-äw C-´ysb kw-_-Ôn-¨n-S-t¯m-fw H-cp ]pXn-b Xp-S-¡-¯n-\p-Å A-h-k-c-amWv. {]-knUâ v jo Pn³ ]nMpw {]-[m-\-a{´n eo sI-Iz-bm-Mpw 2023 h-sc A-[n-Im-c-¯n Xp-S-cm\m-Wn-S. eo X-sâ B-Zy hntZ-i k-µÀi-\w C-´ybn-te-¡m-¡nb-Xv h-cm-\n-cn-¡p-¶ \à \m-fp-I-fp-sS kq-N-\-bm-hmw. ]-t£ ssN-\-bp-am-bn 40 _n-ey¬ tUmf-dn-e-[n-Iw h-cp-¶ C-´y-bp-sS hym]m-c¡-½n AÂ-¸w B-i-¦ kr-ãn-¡p¶p. ]-c-¼-cm-KX ssN-\m-t¸-Sn-bp-sSbpw ssN-\m hntcm-[-¯n-sâbpw \m-fp-IÄ t]m-bv-a-dªp. Z-sseem-a hn-j-bhpw ]-g-¦-Y-bm-bn-¡-gn-ªp. 1962se bp-²w ]p-Xp X-e-ap-d-bv¡v hn-j-b-hpaÃ. cm-{ão-b-¯n-\v \-ap-¡ h-[n \Â-Imw. C-\n-bp-Å \m-fp-IÄ D-`-bI-£n hym-]m-c¯n-tâ-Xm-¡n am-ämw. No-\-¡mÀ I-¨-h-S-¯n-\m-bn tI-c-f-¯n h-¶pt]m-bn-cp-¶ `q-X-Im-ew \-ap-¡p a-d¡mw. t]m-bn t\-cnÂ-¡m-Wmw, b-YmÀ° ssN-\o-kv hn-]Wn. Xn-cn-s¨¯mw ssI \nd-sb km-[-\-§-fp-ambn. cm-{ão-b No-\-h-e-bn Ip-cp-§n ]m-gm-bn-t¸m-b Im-eL«-s¯ \-ap-¡v I-p-gn-¨paq-Smw.
Ime-¯v GÀ-s¸-Sp¯n-b kzÀ-W C-d-¡pa-Xn \n-b-{´W-§fpw a-äp-amImw Cu A-h-Ø kr-ãn-¨Xv. C-´y Np-a-¯p-¶ 10% C-d-¡pa-Xn Xo-cp-h, 80:20 kvIow F¶n-h hym-]m-cta-J-e DÂ-¡-WvT-tbm-sS-bm-Wv ho-£n-¡p-¶Xv. temI tKmÄ-Uv Iu¬-kn-ensâ (WGC) \n-K-a-\-a-\pk-cn-¨v 150 ap-X 200 S¬ h-sc A-\-[nIr-X kzÀ-Ww 2013 C-´ybn-te-¡v I-S-¯n-s¡m-≠p h-¶n-«p≠v. C-sXÃmw h-¨p t\m-¡p-t¼mÄ ssN-\-bp-sS hy-àhpw kp-Xm-cy-hpam-b kzÀ-W \-bw \-ap-¡v am-Xr-Im-bmth-≠XmWv. C-\n H-cÂ-¸w X-{´-]-cam-b Nn-´-IÄ. 1991 \ne-hn h-¶ C-´y-bp-sS In-g-t¡m-«p t\m-¡Â \bw (Look East Policy) aq-ew In-g-¡³ taJ-em cm-Py-§fp-am-bp-Å hym-]m-c-¯n I-gn-ª c-≠p Z-i-I-am-bn hÀ-[\ tc-J-s¸-Sp-¯n-bn-«p≠v. B-kn-bm³ (ASEAN) ta-J-e-bp-am-bp-Å `m-c-X-¯n-sâ hym-]m-c-¯n- 55% IS¶p t]m-Ip¶-Xv Z£nW ssN-\m I-S h-gn-bmWv. Ahn-sS hÀ-[n-¨p h-cp¶ ssN-\o-kv \mhn-I km-¶n-[yhpw ssN-\mþB-kn-bm³ kw-LÀ-j-§fpw C-´y-¡v X-e-thZ-\ kr-ãn-t¨-¡mw. C-´ymþssN-\m hym]m-c _-Ôw kp-K-a-am-¡p-¶-tXm-sSm-¸w Gjym ]-k-^n-Iv ta-J-ebp-am-bp-Å k-l-I-c-Whpw hÀ[n-¸n-¡p-¶ H-cp ka-{K hym-]m-c\-b-am-Wv C-´y kzo-I-cn-¨n-cn-¡p-¶Xv. \-½p-sS A-bÂcm-Pyam-b {io-e-¦-bn-se hÀ-[n-¨p h-cp¶ ssN-\o-kv km-¶n[yw C-´y-sb kw-_-Ôn-¨n-St¯m-fw hym-]m-c-]-c-ambpw kp-c-£m-]-c-am-bpw shÃphn-fn-bmWv. H-cp Ime-¯v C-´y-bm-bn-cp-¶p {io-e-¦-bpsS G-ähpw {][m-\ kw-c-£IÀ. {io-e-¦³ B-`y-´-c ssh-Fwkn-F tZio-b am-[y-a-k-an-Xn sN-bÀ-am-\pw, Xn-cp-hà bp-²m-\´-cw B tdmÄ ssN-\ G-sä-Sp-¡p-t¼mÄ amÀ-t¯m½ tIm-sf-Pv s]m-fn-än-¡Â k-b³-kv hn-`m-Kw A-tkm`m-cX-¯n-\v `-b-s¸-Sm-t\sd. C-´y-sbbpw P-¸m-s\bpw kn-tb-äv s{]m-^-k-dp-am-Wv te-JI³.
FaÀ-PnMv tIcf t amÀ¨v 2014
amXr-IIÄ
kväm³t^mÀ-Uv \Â-Ip-¶ ]mT§Ä knen-¡¬- hmen
A
-ta-cn-¡-bn Imen-t^mÀWn-b kw-Øm\-s¯ km³-{^m³-knkvtIm \-K-c-¯n\p k-ao-]w ]mtem AÄ-t«m-bnÂ, seem³-Uv kv-äm³-t^mÀ-Uv F-¶-bmÄ X-sâ 8000 G-¡À h-cp-¶ Ub-dn ^m-an 1891 B-cw`n-¨-Xm-Wv kv-äm³-t^mÀ-Uv F-¶ kz-Im-cy-kÀ-h-I-em-ime. 15þmw h-b-kn sS-t^m-bv-Uv ]n-Sn-s]-«v a-c-W-a-S-ª X-§-fp-sS aI-\p th-≠n H¶pw sN-¿m³ I-gn-bm-sX t]m-b kv-äm³-t^mÀ-Uv Z-¼-XnIÄ, Imen-t^mÀ-Wn-bbn-se FÃm Ip-«n-I-sfbpw kz-´w Ip-«n-I-fm-bn I≠psIm-≠v A-hÀ-¡p th-≠n F-s´-¦nepw sN-¿p-hm³ Xo-cp-am-\n-¡p-I-bm-bn-cp¶p. A-¡me-s¯ {]-i-kv-X-am-b lmÀ-hmUv, FwsFSn, tImÀWÂ, tPm¬-kv tlm-]v-In³-kv Xp-S§n-b D-¶-X hn-Zym-`ym-k tI-{µ-§-fpsS amXr-I ]n³-Xp-SÀ-¶v kv-äm³-t^mÀ-Uv kÀ-hI-emime \n-e-hn h¶p. F-¶m ]-e-Im-cy-§-fnepw Ìm³t^mÀ-Uv XpS-¡w ap-X hy-XykvX-X ]p-eÀ-¯p-Ibpw sN-bv-Xp. B¬-Ip-«n-Ifpw s]¬-Ip-«n-Ifpw H-¶n-¨p-Å ¢mkpIÄ, sXm-gn-e-[n-jvTn-X hn-Zym-`ym-kw C-h-sbms¡- kv-äm³-t^mÀ-Uv Xp-S-§nh-¨-XmWv. \yq-tbmÀ-¡v sk³-{S ]mÀ-¡n-sâ inÂ-¸n-bm-bn-cp-¶ {^-U-dnIv Hmw-kv-ä-Un-sâ `m-h-\-bn hn-cn-ª em³-Uvkv-tI-¸n-embn-cp-¶p kÀ-hI-em-im-e-bp-sS c-aya-µn-c-§Ä D-bÀ-¶Xv. Xp-S-¡-¯n H-cp \yq-tbmÀ-¡v Zn-\-]{Xw "amÀ-_nÄ ¢m-kv ap-dn-I-fn H-gn-ª _-©pI-sf ]Tn-¸n-¡p-¶" kÀh-I-emim-e F-¶p ]-cn-l-kn-s¨-¦n-epw, kv-äm³-t^mÀUn-sâ h-fÀ-¨ A-`q-X]qÀ-hhpw k-am-\-X-I-fnÃm-¯-Xpam-bn-cp¶p. \-h km-t¦Xn-I hn-¹-h-¯n-sâ I-fn-s¯m-«n-em-bn amdn-b kn-en-¡¬-hm-en-bp-sS hnIm-k ]-cn-Wm-a-§fpw kv-äm³-t^mÀUn-s\m-¸-am-bn-cp¶p. C-Xn G-ähpw \nÀ-Wm-b-Iam-b H-cp Nph-Sph-bv-]v 1940I-fn kw-`hn¨p. A-¡me-¯v kv-äm³-t^mÀ-Un-se F-³Pn-\o-b-dnwKv hn-`m-K-¯n-sâ X-e-h-\m-bn-cp-¶ s{^-U-dn-Iv sSÀ-am³ X-sâ k-l{]-hÀ-¯-Icm-b A[ym-]-IÀ¡pw hn-ZymÀ-°n -IÄ¡pw kz-´w I-¼-\n-IÄ Xp-S-§p-hm³ {]-tNmZ\w \ ÂIn. am-{X-aà kw-c-`-I-Xzs¯¸-än hen-b kz-]v-\-§Ä D-≠m-bn-cp-¶ A-t±-lw bq-Wn-th-gv-kn-än-bp-sS 750 G-¡tdm-fw Ø-ew H-cp hy-hkm-b ]mÀ-¡m-bn hn-I-kn-¸n¨v kz-Im-cy I-¼-\n-IÄ-¡m-bn hn«p-sIm-Sp¯p. BZyw kv-äm³-t^mÀ-Uv C³-U-kv-{Sn-b ]mÀ-s¡¶pw ]n-¶o-Sv kv-äm³-t^mÀ-Uv dn-kÀ-¨v ]mÀ-s¡¶pw A-dn-b-s¸-« Cu ÌmÀ-«vA-]v hn-tÃ-Pn-\v Np-äp-am-bm-Wv C¶-s¯ kn-en¡¬-hm-en F-¶ a-lm km-{amPyw h-fÀ-¶p h-¶Xv. A§-s\ s{^-U-dn-Iv sSÀ-am-s\-¶ kv-äm³-t^mÀ-Uv s{]m-^-k-dm-Wv b-YmÀ-°-¯n kn-en-¡¬ hm-en-bp-sS ]n-Xmhv. c≠mw tem-I a-lm-bp-²-¯n-\p ti-jw A-ta-cn-¡³ bq-Wn-th-gv-kn-än-I-fn-te-¡p-Å hn-ZymÀ-°n-I-fp-sS H-gp-¡v A-Uz A-Pn hn tZ-hv
Iq-Snbn-cp¶p. bq-Wn-th-gvkn-än-bp-sS km-¼¯n-I A-Sn-¯-d hn-]p-e-s¸Sp-¯p-I, ]T-\w I-gn-ªn-d-§p-¶ hn-ZymÀ-°n-IÄ-¡v {]m-tZ-in-I-am-bn X-s¶ sXm-gn-e-h-k-c-§Ä kr-ãn-¡pI, F-³Pn-\o-b-dnw-Kv hn-ZymÀ-°n-I-fp-sS \ho-\ B-i-b§Ä-¡v km-£m-Xv-Im-cw \Â-In hm-Wn-Py-hXvI-cn¡p-I Xp-S§n-b e-£y-§-tfm-sS-bm-Wv sSÀ-am³ C¯-cw H-cp C³-U-kv-{Sn-b ]mÀ-¡n-\p cq-]w \Â-In-bXv. kao-] {]-tZ-i-§-fn kz-´w Kym-tc-Pp-I-fn sNdnb tXm-Xn DÂ-¸mZ-\w \-S-¯n-bn-cp-¶ ]-e kw-cw-`-IÀ¡pw h-fÀ-¨bp-sS A-Sp-¯ L-«-¯n-te-¡v I-S-¡p-hm³ Cu ]mÀ-¡v C-Sw \Â-In-. kv-äm³-t^mÀ-Un-se ]qÀh hn-ZymÀ°n-IÄ Xp-S-¡-an-« th-cn-b³ A-tkm-kn-tb-ävkpw lyqeäv ]-¡mÀUpw kv-äm³-t^mÀ-Uv ]mÀ-¡n-te-¡v BZyw Ip-Sn-tbdn-b Øm-]-\-§-fmWv. Xp-SÀ¶v Cu-Ìv-am³ sImUm-¡pw P-\-d C-e-{În¡pw ]Xm-I hm-l-I-cmbn. C-¡me-¯p X-s¶ I-¼-\n-I-fn-se D-tZym-K-ØÀ¡v ]mÀ-«v ssSw _ncpZ tIm-gv-kp-IÄ ]qÀ-¯n-bm-¡m³ I-¼-\n-IÄ t\-cn-«v bq-Wn-th-gv-kn-än-bp-am-bn ZoÀ-LIm-e I-cm-dp-I-fn-teÀ-s¸«p. {Sm³-kn-Ì-dp-IÄ DÄ-s¸-sS-bp-Å Ce-t{Îm-Wn-Iv D-]-I-c-W§Ä, Ahbv-¡p th-≠ sk-an I-≠-Î-dpIÄ, kn-en-¡-Wp-IÄ F-¶n-h-sbm-s¡-bm-bn-cp¶p ]mÀ-¡v B-Zy Ime-¯v ssI-Imcyw sN-bv-Xn-cp-¶Xv. A-¡me-¯v Ce-t{Îm-Wn-Iv hy-h-km-b-¯n-sâ H-cp ASnØm-\ LS-Iw kn-en-¡¬ Nn-¸m-bn-cp¶p. kn-en-¡¬ hm-en F-¶ t]-cn-sâ DÛ-hw C-hn-sS \n-¶m-Wv. 1971 Ce-t{Îm-Wn-Iv \yqkv F-¶ H-cp ]-{X-¯n "A-ta-cn-¡bn-se kn-en-¡¬ hmen' F-¶ X-e-s¡-t«m-sS {]-kn-²oI-cn-¨ H-cp te-J-\ ]-c-¼-c-bn-eq-sS-bmWv "kn-en-¡¬ hmen' F-¶ t]cv Cu {]-tZ-i-¯n-\v Hu-tZym-Kn-I-am-bn e-`n-¨Xv. ]pXn-b kw-c-`-I-cp-sS km-¼¯n-I B-h-iy-§Ä \n-d-th-äp-hm³ sSÀ-am³, sh-©zÀ Iym-]n-ä ^-≠p-I Ä¡pw Xp-S-¡-an«p. A-[n-Iw ssh-Im-sX sh-©zÀ Iym]n-ä H-cp h³ _n-kn-\-km-bn kn-en-¡¬ hm-en-bn h-fÀ-¨ {]m-]n-¨p. 1980 Un-kw-_-dn B-¸nÄ I-w]yq-«-dnsâ 1.3 _n-ey¬ tUm-f-dnsâ, h³ hn-P-bam-b C-\o-jy ]-»n¡v Hm-^-dn-s\¯p-SÀ-¶v sh-©zÀ Iym]n-ä ^-≠p-I-fp-sS h-fÀ-¨ A-`q-X-]qÀ-ham-bn-cp¶p. sk-an I-≠-Î-dp-I-fp-sSbpw kn-en-¡¬ DÂ-¸-¶-§-fpsSbpw temI-¯p \n¶pw kn-en-¡¬ hmen, I-w]yq-«À tkm-^v-ävsh-b-dn-sâbpw CâÀ-s\-äv kÀ-ho-kn-sâbpw tem-I-t¯-¡v A-Xn-th-K-¯n-em-Wv h-fÀ-¶Xv. kv-äm³t^mÀ-Un-se K-th-j-W hn`m-K-¯n-sâ k-{In-b ]n-´pW-tbm-sS-bmWv Cu h-fÀ¨ ssI-h-cn-¡m-\m-b-Xv. 1969 C¶-s¯ CâÀ-s\-än-sâ ap-t¶m-Sn-bm-b "AÀ-]m-s\äv" kv-äm³-t^mÀ-Un hn-I-kn-¸n-s¨-Sp-¯n-cp¶p. C-¶v kn-en-¡¬ hmen, kv-äm³-t^mÀ-Uv dn-kÀ-¨v ]mÀ-¡n \n-¶pw ]p-d-t¯-¡v h-fÀ-¶v h-S-¡³ Iment^mÀ-Wn-b-bn-se hen-sbm-cp `q-{]-tZ-i-t¯-¡v hym-
H-cp \m-Sn-sâ hy-mhkm-bnI h-fÀ¨bv¡pw Kp-Wta-·-bpÅ sXm-gn-e-h-kc-§Ä kr-ãn-¡p-¶-Xn-\pw A-Xp h-gn k-¼-Zv-L-S-\-bp-sS kÀ-htXm·p-Jam-b hnI-k-\-¯n\pw H-cp kÀ-h-I-em-im-e-bv¡v F-s´m-s¡ sN-¿m³ I-gn-bpw? A-tacn¡³ sF-Iy\m-Sp-I-fn-se kv-äm³-t^mÀUv bq-Wn-th-gv-kn-änbpw A-h-cp-sS kr-ãnbm-b kn-en-¡¬-hm-en F-¶ \-h-tem-I A-Ûp-Xhpw \Â-Ip-¶ ]mT-§Ä \-½p-sS D¶-Xhn-Zym-`ym-k ta-J-ebv¡pw amÀ-KZo]-am-th-≠-XmWv.
]n-¨v; temI Ce-t{Îm-WnIv, C³-^À-ta-j³ sSIv-t\m f-Pn hy-h-km-b-¯n-sâ ap-¶-Wn-bn-te-¡v A-ta-cn¡-sb ssI-]n-Sn-¨p-bÀ-¯n-bncn-¡p¶p. km³-tPm-kv \K-cw tI-{µ-ambn, \m¸-Xp e-£w P-\§-sf DÄ-s¡m-Åp-¶ kn-en-¡¬ hm-en c-≠-c e-£-t¯m-fw ssl-sS-Iv sXmgn-e-h-k-c-§Ä kr-ãn-¡p¶p. Cu ta-J-e-bn-se D-bÀ-¶ i-cmi-cn i-¼-fhpw C-hn-sS¯s¶. A-ta-cn-¡-bn-se sam-¯w sh-©zÀ C³-sh-Ìv-saân-sâ 41 i-Xam-\-hpw (2011) cm-Py-s¯ an-I-¨ 20 kwc-`-I \-K-c-§-fn ]-s¯®hpw kn-en-¡¬ hm-en-bnemWv. Ìm³-t^mÀ-Un-se ]qÀ-h hn-ZymÀ-°n-Ifpw A-[ym-]-Icpw tNÀ-¶v 1930\p ti-jw 39,900 I-¼-\n-IÄ Xp-S-§p-Ibpw A-©-c-t¡mSn-tbm-fw sXm-gn-e-h-k-c-§Ä kr-ãn-¡p-Ibpw sN-bv-XXm-bmWv I-W-¡v. kv-äm³-t^mÀ-Un-se hn-ZymÀ-°n-IÄ kz-´-am-bn H-cp cmPyw kr-ãn-¨n-cp-¶p-sh-¦n A-Xp temI-s¯ G-ähpw hen-b ]-¯p k-¼-Zv-L-S-\-Ifn-sem¶m-Ip-am-bn-cp-¶-s{X! hÀ-¯-am-\Ime temI-s¯ hy-hkm-b `o-I-c³amcm-b bmlq, Kq-KnÄ, A-tUm_v, B-¸nÄ, knkv-tImkn-kv-äwkv, Cþs_, t^-kv-_p¡v, ssk-am³-sS¡v, B-a-tkm¬, tem-Pn-sS-Iv F-¶n§-s\ \q-dp I-W-¡n-\p I-¼-\n-I-fp-sS B-Øm-\am-b kn-en-¡¬ hm-en-bn sFSn cwK-s¯ H-«p-an-¡ h-¼-³-am-cp-sSbpw km-¶n[y-ap≠v. kv-äm³-t^mÀUpw kn-en-¡¬ hm-en-bp-am-bp-Å _-Ôw ]-c-kv-]-c ]q-c-I-amWv. kv-äm³-t^mÀ-Uv knen-¡¬ hm-en-sb kr-ãn-¡p-Ibpw h-fÀ-¯p-Ibpw sN-bvXp. Xn-cn¨v, kn-en-¡¬ hm-en-bn \n¶pw DuÀ-Pw DÄ-s¡m-≠v kv-äm³-t^mÀUpw apt¼m-«v Xs¶. C-¶v 19 t\m-_ k½m-\ tP-Xm-¡-fpÄ-s¸-« 2000 A-[ym-]I-cp-≠n-hnsS. kn-en-¡¬ hm-en-bn \n-¶p-Å kw-`mh-\-I-fm-Wv kv-äm³-t^mÀ-Un-sâ {][m-\ km-¼¯n-I t{km-Xkv. lyqe-äv ^u-t≠-j³ 2001 \Â-In-b 400 an-ey¬ tUm-f-dnsâ (C-t¸mg-s¯ \n-c-¡n 3200 tImSn cq-]) kw-`m-h-\-bm-Wv C-Xn G-ähpw h-ep-Xv. 2012 H-cp _n-ey¬ tUm-f-dnsâ (C-t¸mg-s¯ \n-c-¡n 5775 tIm-Sn cq-]) F³tUm-hv-saâp-IÄ {]-Jym-]n-¨v kv-äm³t^mÀ-Uv sd-t¡m-Un«p. \-½p-sS hn-Zym-`ym-kta-J-ebv¡v kv-äm³-t^mÀ-Un \n-¶v G-sd ]Tn-¡p-hm-\p≠v. (hm-Wn-Py \n-Ip-Xn h-Ip-¸n A-kn-Ìâ v I-½o-j-W-dm-bncn-s¡ kz-bw hn-c-an-¨ te-J-I³ C-t¸mÄ tI-cf ssl-t¡mS-Xn-bn A-`n-`m-j-I-\m-bn {]m-Iv-So-kv sN-¿p¶p. email: ajivdev@yahoo.co.in)
Ìm³-t^mÀ-vUv bq-Wn-th-gv-knän
FaÀ-Pn-Mv tIcf t amÀ¨v 2014
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kwcw-`-IXzw C´y³ hn-]-Wn-bn-se B-`y-´-c -D-¸m-Z-\-¯n-sâ 30 i-X-am\w kq£v-a, sN-dp-In-S, C-S¯-cw kw-cw-`-§-fpsS (Fw-F-kv-Fw-C) kw-`m-h-\-bm-Wv. G-ähpw Iq-Sp-X hn-tZ-i-\mWyw t\-Sn-¯-cp-¶ ta-J-ebpw C-Xp-X-s¶. cm-Pys¯ hyhkm-b h-fÀ-¨-sb \nÀ-®-bn-¡p-¶-Xn {] [m-\ ]-¦p-h-ln-¡p¶ Fw-F-kvFw-C cwK-s¯ anI¨ Øm]-\-§sf ]-cn-N-b-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶ ]w-àn.
ss¥UvamÌÀ Cws]-Ivkv C´y
\ho-I-cn-¡p¶ hn-Pbw A\m-bmkw D]tbmKn¡mhp¶ j«-dpIÄ \nÀ-an¨v hn]Wn Iog-S¡nb ss¥UvamÌÀ -- \qX-\am-b D¸¶§Ä \nÀan¡p-¶Xn {i²tI{µoIcn¨ncn¡p-¶p H ]n hnt\m-ZvIp-amÀ
Kp
-W-ta· sIm-≠v hn]-Wn Io-gS¡nb D¸¶-s¯ K-th-j-W-§-fn-eq-sS \n-c´cw Im-tem-Nn-Xam-bn \-ho-I-cn-¡p¶XmWv ASqÀ BØm\-ambn {] hÀ¯n¡p¶ ss¥Uv amÌÀ Cws]-Ivkv C-´y-bp-sS k-hn-tijX. Nne h³InS I¼\n-IÄ¡v t]mepw amXr-I-bm-Ip-¶ X-c-¯n-emWv Cu Fw-F-kvFw-C Øm]-\-¯n-sâ {]-hÀ¯-\w. ss¥UvamÌÀ t]mse em`¯nsâ Imcyamb ]¦v D¸¶ \hoIcW¯n-\mbn
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{][m-\s¸« ]«W§fnseÃmw am-änhbv¡p¶ I¼-\nIÄ tIcf¯nept≠m C¶v ss¥UvamÌÀ j«F¶Xv kwibamWv. Ime¯n\\pk-cn¨v dpIÄ Øm\w ]nSn¨n«p≠v. kmt¦XnIhnZybpw am-äns¡m≠ncn¡p¶p. sXt¡ C-´y¡v ]p-d¯pw hnhn[Xc¯nepÅ \qX-\hpw DbÀ¶ D¸¶§Ä hym]n¡p¶p. Kp-W-ta·bp-ÅXpamb hmXn D¸¶§Ä tIc-f¯n KpW-ta·bv¡v D]t`màm-hnsâ \nÀtZ-i§Ä¡\pkrXap³-Xq¡w \Â-Ip-¶ {] ambn sN-bvXp \ÂIpI-bmWv ss¥Uv amÌÀ. apJ hy-hkmb {Kq-¸pIÄ Imcy£-a-Xbv¡pw kpc£nXXz¯n\pw ap³FÃmw Xs¶ C¶v ss¥Uv Xq¡w \Â-In-bmWv at\ml-camb Unssk-\nam-Ì-dnsâ kwXr]vX D]  \nÀ-am-Ww \-S-¯p-¶Xv. \n-ch[n hÀj§t`màm¡fmWv. epep-amÄ, fnse {]hÀ¯\w sIm≠v D]t`màm¡-fpsS tPmbv Bep¡mkv, XmPv Bhiy-§-sf¡p-dn¨v C-t¸mÄ icn¡pw sdknsU³kn, \n-t¸m¬ t_m[ywh¶n-«p-s≠¶v I¼\n knCH sdPn sSmtbm«m, `oa, a-e_mÀ hn km-ap-h- ]-d-bp¶p. 30 hÀjw ap¼v tKmÄUv F¶nh C-hcn ]n-Xmhv Xp-S§nb tdmfnwKv j-«À bqWnäv C¶v NneÀam{Xw. ]Xn\©p-hÀjw AXym[p\nI ap¼pÅ D]t`m-àm-¡Ä kmt¦XnIhnZym hsc Ct¸mgpw I¼\n-bpsS D]tbmK¯nCS]mSpIm-cmWv F¶-XmWv eqsS Hcp sdPn hn km-ap-h- I¼\n-bpsS hn-Pbw. ]p¯³X-eapd I¼\n-bm¡n amänb-Xnsâ s{I-Unäv ss¥-Uv am-kv-ä-dn-sâ D¸-¶§Ä sd-Pn-¡pÅXmWv. I-¼\n 1. hn-kvXr-Xamb hmXnepIÄ¡v ]p¯³X-eap-d XpS§n Bdv hÀjHms«mtaäUv j«dpIÄ §Ä¡v tij-amWv 2. hoSp-Ifn D]tbmKn¡p-¶Xpw dntam«v I¬t{SmÄ sdPnbpw ktlmZ-c\mb D]tbm-Kn¨v {]-hÀ¯n-¸n¡mhp¶Xpamb KmÂ-hepw kt´mjpw _nkn\kn(Galvalume) Kym-scPv j«dpIÄ (pre-finished) te¡v F¯p-¶Xv. 3. DÄ`mK¯v D]tbmKn¡mhp¶ hnShp-Ifp-Å 18 hÀjw ap¼v Hmt«mtaäUv j«dpIÄ (galvanized and stainless tIcfhn]Wnbn BZysteel). ambn Hms«mtaäUv j«4. hnhn-[Xcw Hmt«mtaäUv P\ j«dpIÄ dpIÄ AhXcn-¸n-¨-Xv 5. Km-tcPv Hmt«mtaj³ (roll a door and sectional ss¥Uv am-Ì-dmWv. A¶v doors) tI-c-f-¯n\v ]pd¯v Hms«mtaäUv j«-dpIÄ D≠mbncps¶¦nepw Kth-jWw, hnIk\w Ahsbms¡ ]gbcoXnHmtcmka-b¯pw \nÀan¡p-¶ D¸¶§-fpsS bn henbtam-«dpw kmt¦XnI hn-h-c-§Ä kq-£n-¨phbv¡p-Ibpw CX\p AXpt]mepÅ D]IcWk-cn¨v XpSÀ¨-bmbn dnss^-\nwKv {]hÀ¯\w \-S-¯p§fpw D]tbmKn-¨mWv Ibpw sN-¿p-¶p. i-àamb KthjW, hnIk\ {]-hÀ¯n¸n¨ncp-¶Xv. F¶m A-¶v temIhn] hn-`m-Kw Iq«m-b {]-hÀ-¯-\-¯n-eq-sS-bmWv ]p¯³ Wnbn e`yamb G-ähpw D¸¶§Ä Is≠¯p¶-Xv. "C-t¸mÄ temI-¯nsâ GXp`mK¯v \n¶pw \n \à kmt¦XnI hnZy D] tbm-Kn¨v A\m-bmkw D] §-fpsS P-\Â, Km-tcPv j«-dp-IÄ F¶nh GXv \n e-bnem-sW¶v Adnbm³ Hcp Iam³Uv \ÂInbm tbmKn¡mhp¶ at\mlam-{Xw a-Xn. A-¯-c-¯n km-t¦Xn-Ihn-Zy h-f-À¶n-cnchpw kpc£nXhpam-b ¡p-¶p. CXn\-\pkr-Xam-b D¸¶§Ä R-§fpw \n D¸¶-amWv X§Ä Àan¡p¶p''sdPn hyàam¡p¶p. Cd¡nb-sX¶v sdPn hniZoIcn¨p. F§s\ i-àamb LSI§Ä sb¦nepw Iq-SpX Kp-W-ta·, ]qÀWX, D-d¸v, kmt¦XnI-hnZy hn¸\ \-S¯pI F¶oImcy-§-fn kw-Øm\-¯v X§-sf a-dn-I-S-¡m³ F¶Xnt\¡mÄ Gaäv I¼-\n-IÄ¡v km-[n-¡n-söpw D¸¶§-fpsS {] ähpw \qX-\hpw tXyIX sIm-≠mWv {]-tXyI amÀ¡änwKv SoanÃmsX KpWta·bpÅXpam-b X-s¶ anI¨ {]-IS\w Imgv-N-hbv¡m³ R-§Ä¡v D¸¶§Ä ]pd¯nIgnbp¶-sX¶pw sdPn ]-d-bp¶p. \n-e-hn 45Hmfw d¡pI F¶-XmWv I¼ Poh\¡mcp-ambn aq¶p ^mÎ-dnIÄ I¼\nbptS-Xmbn \n-bpsS {][m\e£yw. {]hÀ¯n¡p¶p≠v. sXt¡ C´y-bnse FaÀ-PnMv tIcf t amÀ¨v 2014
M S M E
F U N D I N G
sNdpIn-S kw-cw-`-IÀ-¡v klm-bl-kv-X-hp-ambn
MSME DEVELOPMENT INSTITUTE tI -{µ kq-£v-a, sN-dp-In-S, C-S¯-cw kw-cw-`-I a-{´m-e-b-¯nsâ Io-gn {]-hÀ-¯n-¡p-¶ sU-h-e-]vsa
-â v I-½o-jv-W-dp-sS ^oÂ-Uv seh Hm-^o-km-Wv FwF-kv-Fw-CþsU-h-e-]v-saâ v C³-Ìn-äyq«v (MSME-DI). Xr-iqÀ B-Øm-\-am-bn {]-hÀ-¯n-¡p-¶ Cu Øm-]-\¯n-sâ ap-Jy-e£yw kq-£v-a, sN-dp-In-S, C-S-¯-cw kwcw-`-§-fp-sS hym-]-\-¯n-\pw, ]p-tcm-K-Xn¡pw km-¼-¯nI-apÄ-s¸sS FÃmhn-[ k-lm-bhpw ]-cn-io-e-\hpw \ ÂIp-I F-¶-Xm-Wv. MSME-DI Xr-iq-cn-sâ {]-hÀ-¯-\ta-J-e tI-c-fhpw e-£-Zzo]pw DÄ-s¡m-Åp-¶-XmWv.
I) hnhn[ tk-h-\-§Ä A\p-tbm-Pyam-b ]²-Xn sX-c-sª-Sp-¡Â, ]²-Xn dnt¸mÀ-«p-IÄ X-¿m-dm-¡Â, kw-cw-`I-sc k-lm-bn-¡m³ B-h-iyam-b amÀ-K \nÀ-tZi-§Ä e-`y-am-¡Â, b-{´km-a-{Kn-I-fp-sSbpw A-kw-kvIr-X ]-ZmÀ-°-§-fp-sSbpw e-`y-X-sb-¡p-dn-¨v hn-h-c-§Ä \Â-I F¶n-h Cu tk-h-\-¯n DÄ-s¸-Sp¶p.
]-cn-io-e-\ ]-cn-]m-Sn-IÄ MSME-DI Xm-sg ]-d-bp-¶ ta-J-e-I-fn ]-cn-ioe\w \Â-In h-cp¶p. 1. c-≠m-gvN ssZÀ-Ly-apÅ Entrepreneurship Development Programme 2. H-cmgvN ssZÀ-Ly-apÅ Management Development Programme 3. B-dmgvN ssZÀ-Ly-ap-Å Entrepreneurship Skill Development Programme (ESDP) 4 F³-Pn-\o-b-dn-Mv/am-t\-Pv-saâ v C³-kv-än-äyq«pIfn H-cp Zn-hks¯ Business Skill Development Programme (BSDP). 5. H-cp Zn-hks¯ Industrial Motivation Campaign
km-t¦XnI ss\-]p-Wy hnI-k-\]-cn-]m-Sn-IÄ hnhn-[ km-t¦XnI ss\-]p-Wy hn-I-k-\-]-cn-]mSnIÄ MSME-DI bn {]-hÀ-¯n-¡p-¶ sa-¡m-\n¡Â, seXÀ, `-£y-kw-kv-Ic-Ww F-¶o hÀ¡v-tjm-¸p-I-fn \-S-¯n-h-cp¶p. hÀ¡v-tjm-¸p-I-fn-ep-Å sa-jn-\-dn-IÄ AY-hm D-]-I-c-W-§-fp-sS tkh-\w \m-a-am-{Xam-b ^okn kw-cw-`-IÀ-¡v D-]-tbm-Kn-¡m-hp-¶-XmWv. sa-¡m\n-¡Â hÀ¡v-tjm-¸p-I-fn \-S-¯n-h-cp-¶ {]-[m-\-s¸-« ]-cn-io-e-\-]-cn-]m-Sn-IÄ sa-jo³ tjm-¸v {]m-Îo-kv, F-Ivkv-sd Izm-fn-än shÂ-UnwKv F-¶n-h-bm-Wv. C-Xn-\v ]pdsa Auto CAD, Master CAM, CNC,Unigraphics, Pro-E, Delcam F-¶o ta-J-e-Ifn- ]-cn-io-e-\hpw \-S-¯n-hcp¶p.
sF-Fkv-H kÀ-«n-^n-t¡-j³ hy-hkm-b kw-cw-`-§Ä¡v ISO 9001/14000/ HACCP F¶n-h t\-Sn-sb-Sp-¡p-¶-Xn-\v h-cp-¶ Nne-hn-sâ 75% h-sc-bpw (]-c-am-h-[n 75000 cq]) ISO 18000/22000/27000 F¶n-h t\-Sn-sb-Sp-¡p-¶-Xn-\v h-cp-¶ sN-e-hn-sâ 75% h-sc-bpw (]-c-amh-[n H-cp e-£w cq-]) \n-_-Ô-\-IÄ-¡v hn-t[-b-am-bn e-`y-am-¡p-¶p. ISO km£y-]{Xw t\-Sp-¶-Xn-\m-h-iyam-b km-t¦Xn-I D-]-tZihpw \Â-Inh-cp¶p.
DÂ-¸¶ kÀ-«n-^n-t¡-j³ BIS/BEE/UL/CE/ANSI F-¶n-§-s\-bp-Å tZ-iobhpw A-´À-tZ-io-b-hpam-b t{]m-U-Iv-äv Izm-fn-än kÀ-«n^n-t¡j-\v th-≠n-h-cp-¶ Xp--I-bp-sS 75% hsc (]-c-amh[n 1.5 e-£w cq-]) [-\-k-lm-bw e-`y-am-¡p¶p.
Øm-]-\ \nÀ-h-l-Ww (Corporate Governance) sN-dpIn-S kw-cw-`-§Ä I¼-\n LS-\-tbm, en-anä-Uv e-b-_n-en-än ]mÀ-Sv-WÀ-jn¸v (LLP) LS-\tbm kzo-I-cn¡p-I-bm-sW-¦n B-b-Xn-\v B-h-iy-am-bn h-cp-¶ sNehn-sâ 50% (]-c-amh[n 45000 cq-] hsc) [-\-k-lm-bw \Â-Ip¶p. FaÀ-Pn-Mv tIcf t amÀ¨v 2014
_mÀ tIm-Un-wKvv _mÀ tIm-Un-wKv e-`n-¡p-¶-Xn-\p k-lm-bn-¡p-Ibpw A-Xn-\p th-≠n-h-cp-¶ c-Pn-kv-t{S-j³ ^o-kn-sâ-bpw hmÀjn-I ^o-kn-sâ-bpw 75% h-sc km-¼¯n-I k-lmbw \Â-Ip-Ibpw sN-¿p¶p.
I-b-äp-a-Xn-¡v th-≠ tk-h-\-§Ä hntZ-icm-Py-§-fn \-S-¡p-¶ sX-c-sª-Sp-¡-s¸-« cm-Pym-´-c ta-f-I-fn ]-s¦-Sp-¡p-hm-\pw DÂ-¸-¶-§Ä {]-ZÀ-in-¸n-¡p-hm\pw km-¼¯n-I k-lmbw (]-c-amh[n 1.2 e£w) \Â-Ip¶p.
sse-{_dn {K-Ùime kq£v-a, sN-dpIn-S, CS-¯-cw kw-cw-`-§Ä kw-_Ôn-¨ \n-ch-[n ]p-kv-X-I-§-fp-sS tiJ-cw \n-§-fp-sS D-]-tbm-K-¯n-\m-bn e-`y-amWv.
¢-Ì-dp-I-fp-sS hn-Ik-\w
III) a-äv tk-h-\-§Ä
hy-hkm-b ¢-Ì-dp-I-fp-sS hn-I-k-\-¯n-\v th-≠-nbp-Å {]-hÀ-¯-\hpw tI-{µ kÀ-¡m-cn-sâ ¢-ÌÀ hnI-k-\-]-²Xn (MSE-CDP) {]-Im-c-ap-Å [-\-k-lm-bw e-`y-am-¡p-¶-Xn-\p-Å {]-hÀ-¯-\-§fpw \-S-¯p¶p.
sSIv-t\mf-Pn dn-tkm-gv-kv skâÀ (TRC)
hy-hkm-b kw-cw-`-§-fp-sS \-S-¯n-¸n-\m-bn \q-X-\km-t¦Xn-I hn-Zy-I-fp-sS e-`yX-sb¡p-dn-¨p-Å hn-h-c§Ä TRCbn \n¶pw \Â-In h-cp¶p.
II) sU-he - ] - s v- aâ v I-½o-jW v- À FwF-kvFwC (DC [MSME]) \-S¸ - n-em-¡n h-cp-¶ \mj-W am-\p-^mIvN - d - nw-Kv tIm-¼t- ä-äo-hk v- v t{]m-{Kmw (NMCP) {]-Imc-w Xm-sg ]-db - p-¶ ]-²X - n-Is - f-¡p-dn-¨v B-hi - yam-b hn-hc - §Ä Cu Øm-]\ - ¯ - n \n¶pw e-`y-amWv.
\q-X-\ B-i-b§-sf kw-cw-`-§-fm-bn am-äp-¶-Xn\p-Å _n-kn\-kv C³-Iyp-t_-tä-gv-kv Øm-]n-¡p-¶Xn-\p-Å [-\-k-lm-bw F³-Pn-\o-b-dnw-Kv tIm-tf-PpIÄ, am-t\-Pv-saâ v C³-kv-än-äyq-«pIÄ, sS-Iv-\n-¡Â Øm-]-\-§Ä F-¶n-h-bv¡v e-`y-am-¡p¶p. sN-dpIn-S DÂ-¸m-Z-\- bq-Wn-äp-IÄ-¡v K-pW-ta-· hÀ-[n-¸n-¡p-¶-Xn-\p th-≠n Izm-fn-än am-t\-Pv-saâ v Ìm-tâÀ-Uv/Izm-fn-än sSIv-t\mf-Pn SqÄ-kv \-S-¸n-em¡p-hm³ [-\-k-lmbw. ta-J-e-bn-se `uXn-I kz-¯-h-Im-iw kw-c-£n-¡p¶-Xn\pw ]cn-t]m-jn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xn\pw k-lmbw an-\n SqÄ dq-ap-IÄ Øm-]n-¡p-hm³ [-\-k-lmbw. sN-dpIn-S hy-h-km-b-§Ä-¡v eo³ am-\p-^m-Iv-N-dnwKv sS-Iv-\n-Iv \-S-¸n-em-¡p-hm³ [-\-klm-b ]-²Xn. F-\ÀPn Hm-Un-äv \-S-¯p-¶-Xn\pw F-\À-Pn F-^njyâ v sSIv-t\mf-Pn A-´m-cm-{ã \n-ehm-c {]-Im-cw \-S-¸n-em-¡p-¶-Xn\pw ImÀ-_¬ s{I-Un-äv A-{I-Untä-j³ skâ-dp-IÄ Øm-]n-¡p-¶-Xn-\pw [-\-k-
lmbw. Un-ssk³ t_m-[-hXvI-c-W-¯n-\pw Un-ssk³ t{]m-P-Iväv G-sä-Sp-¡p-¶-Xn\pw Fw-F-kvFw-C kw-cw-`-IÀ-¡v [-\-k-lmbw. C³-^À-ta-j³ sSIv-t\mf-Pn bq-Wn-äp-I-fn D-]tbm-K-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶-Xn-\p-Å [-\-k-lm-b-]-²Xn.
tI-{µ K-h¬-saâ v tÌmÀ ]À-t¨-gv-kv t{]m-{Km-an c-Pn-kv-t{Sj-\p th-≠n k-lm-bn-¡p¶p. kw-Øm-\ kÀ-¡mcpw a-äp Øm-]-\-§-fp-am-bn tNÀ¶v sN-dpIn-S kw-cw-`I-Xz hn-I-k-\-¯n-\p th-≠n {]-hÀ-¯-\-§Ä \S-¯p¶p. kw-cw-`I-Xz km[yXm ]T-\w \-S-¯p-Ibpw dn-t¸mÀ«p-IÄ X-¿m-dm-¡p-Ibpw sN-bv-Xph-cp-¶p. D-¶-X t\-«w ssI-h-cn-¨ kw-cw-`-IÀ-¡v tZio-b ]p-c-kv-Im-cw \Â-Ip¶p. hy-h-km-b-§-fp-sS t\-«-§Ä-¡m-bn t_m-[-hXvI-cW sk-an-\m-dp-IÄ kw-L-Sn-¸n-¡p¶p. B2B ao-änwKpIÄ, Vendor Development Programme/Buyer Seller ao-änwKpIÄ F¶nh kw-LSn-¸n-¡p¶p.
IV) DC (MSME)- \-S-¸m-¡p-¶ a-äv {][m-\ c-≠v ]-²-Xn-IÄ Credit Guarantee Scheme sN-dpIn-S hy-hkm-b kw-cw-`-§Ä-¡v sIm-fm-ä-d sk-Iyq-cn-än CÃm-sX hmbv] e-`y-am-¡m³ th≠n Credit Guarantee Trust fund for MSME'S cq-]o-I-cn-¡pIbpw Credit Guarantee Scheme \-S-¸n-em-¡n h-cn-Ibpw sN-¿p¶p.
hm-bv-]m A-[n-jvTn-X aqe-[-\ Cf-hv ]²Xn \n-e-hn-ep-Å hy-hkm-b kw-cw-`-§-fp-sS km-t¦Xn-I ta-· D-bÀ-¯p-¶-Xn-\v; ]²-Xn {]-Im-cw Aw-Ko-I-cn-¨ ]-«n-I-bn DÄ-s¸-Sp¶- ]pXn-b b-{´-km-a-{Kn-IÄ Øm-]n-¡p-¶-Xn-\v 15% h-sc ap³-IqÀ aqe-[-\ Cfhv km-¼¯n-I Øm-]-\-§Ä aptJ-\ \Â-In-h-cp¶p. Cu ]²-Xn {]-Im-c-ap-Å B-\p-Iqeyw ]p-Xp-Xm-bn B-cw-`n¡p-¶ hy-hkmb kw-cw-`-§Ä¡pw e-`n-¡p-¶-XmWv.
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I N T E R N A T I O N A L
B R A N D
aq-¶v \-£-{Xw sX-fn-bp-¶p
1938 \q-UnÂ-kn-sâbpw ko- ^p-Uv-kn-sâ-bp-saÃmw hnÂ-¸-\-bp-am-bn Xp-S§n-b sNdnb I-¼\nbn \n-¶v tem-I-¯n-se G-ähpw henb Ce-t{Îm-Wn-Iv-kv I-¼-\n-sb¶ \n-e-bn-te-¡p-Å kmwkwKv Ce-t{Îm-Wn-Iv-kn-sâ h-fÀ¨ kw-`-h-_-lp-e-am-bn-cp-¶p. kmw-k-wKv Ce-t{Îm-Wn-Ivkv Øm-]-I\mb eo _yp-Mv Np \-S¯nb hn-P-b-I-camb ssh-hn-[y-hXvI-c-W-am-bn-cp¶p sIm-dn-b³ `m-j-bn aq-¶v \-£-{X-sa-¶v AÀ-°-ap-Å kmw-k-wKn-sâ i-ànbpw X-{´§-fp-saÃmw. I-gnª hÀjw {]ap-J _n-kn\-kv am-K-kn³ t^m-_v-kv sX-c-sª-Sp¯ tem-I-¯n-se aq-ey-tadn-b {_m³-Up-I-fn H³-]-Xmw Øm-\-¯pÅ I-¼-\n- tem-tIm¯-c {_m³-Um-bn h-fÀ-¶-Xv kz-´-am-bn hn-I-kn-¸n-s¨-Sp-¯ km-t¦Xn-Ihn-Zy-I-fn-eq-sS-bm-bncp-¶p. 268.8 _nÃy¬ tUm-fÀ hn-äp-h-c-hp-Å kmw-kw-Kn\v temI-¯m-I-am-\w 4,27,000 Poh-\-¡m-c-Wp-ÅXv.
C sI \yqkv_yqtdm
ZsXm-£nW sIm-dn-b-bnse kp-tUm-Mn \mÂ-¸-tXm-fw gn-em-fn-I-fp-Å H-cp s{S-bv-Unw-Kv I-¼-\n-bm-bn-«m-bn-cp-
¶p eo _yp-Mv Np hy-hkmb tem-I-t¯-¡v I-S-¡p¶-Xv. \q-UnÂ-km-bn-cp-¶p {][m\ DÂ-¸¶w. I¼-\n A-`n-hr²n-bn-te-s¡-¯n-b-t¸mÄ 1947 eo, I-¼-\nbp-sS slUv Hm-^o-kv kntbm-fn-te-¡v amän. A-hn-sS jp-KÀ dn-ss^-\-dnbpw Xp-S-§n. 1960emWv kmwkwKv Ce-t{Îm-Wn-Iv-kv ta-J-e-bn-te-¡v I-S-¶Xv. kmw-k-wKv Ce-t{Îm-Wn-Iv Un-ssh-kv, kmw-k-wKv tImÀ-WnwKv, kmwk-wKv sk-anI-≠ÎÀ F¶n-h hn]-Wn Io-g-S-¡n-b-tXm-sS I¼-\n »m-¡v Bâ v ssh-äv sS-en-hn-j³ \nÀ-am-W-¯nte-¡v I-S-¶p. 1972 t{_m¬ Sq-_v ^m-Îdn Xp-S-§pIbpw DÂ-¸m-Z-\m-\p-]m-Xw hÀ[n-¸n-¡p-I-bpw sN-bv-Xp. 1973 G-{]n-enemWv kmw-k-wKn-sâ ^mIvS-dn-bn \n-¶v B-Zy sS-en-hn-j³ tam-U hn-]-Wn-bn-se-¯p-¶Xv. 19 C-©v {Sm³-kn-kv-äÀ »m-¡v B³-Uv ssh-äv a-lm 506 tam-U-em-bn-cp-¶p kmw-k-wKv B-Zyw ]p-d-¯n-d-¡nbXv. 1978 Un-kw-_-À B-Ip-t¼m-tg¡pw sS-en-hn-j³ DÂ-¸mZ-\-¯n kmw-k-wKn-sâ h-fÀ-¨ A-©v anÃy¬ h-scsb¯n. CtX hÀ-jw I-b-äp-a-Xn 100 anÃy¬ tUm-f-À a-dn-I-S-¡p-Ibpw sNbv-Xp. »m-¡v B³Uv ssh-äv Sn-hn \nÀam-W ta-J-e-bnÂH-¶w Øm-\-t¯-¡v h-fÀ-¶p I-gn-ªn-cp¶ kmw-k-wKv 1980 sS-en I-½yq-Wn-t¡-j³ lmÀ-Uv-sh-bÀ ta-J-e-bnte-¡v I-S-¶p. sS-en-t^m¬ kzn-¨v t_mÀ-Uv \nÀ-am-W¯n-em-bn-cp-¶p Xp-S¡w, ]n-¶o-Sv sam-ss_ t^m¬ \nÀ-am-W-¯n-te¡pw Xn-cnªp. 1987 eo _yp-Mv NpÃnsâ a-c-W-t¯m-sS kmw-kwKv {Kq-¸v Ce-t{Îm-Wn-Ivkv, F-³Pn-\o-b-dnw-Kv, I¬-kv-{S-£³, slhn C³Ukv-{So-kvF-¶n§-s\ \m-ev hn-`m-K-am-bn hn-`-Pn-¡-s¸-«p. 1990se-¯p-t¼mÄ kmw-kwKv tem-Iw A-dn-bp¶ CâÀ-\m-j-W tImÀ-¸-td-j-\m-bn am-dn-¡-gn-ªn-cp¶p. I¬-kv-{S-£³ hn-`m-K-¯nepw an-I-¨ s{]m-ss^-em-Wv I-¼-\n-¡p-ÅXv. s]-t{Sm-\m-kv S-h-dpw _pÀ-Pv Jeo-^ S-h-dp-saÃmw kmw-kwKv F-³Pn-\o-b-dnw-Kv hn-`m-K-¯n-sâ \nÀ-an-Xn-I-fmWv. C-¶v _-lpap-J _n-kn-\-kp-I-fn {] ap-J Øm-\w ssI-¿m-fp-¶ kmw-kwKv {Kq-¸n-sâ H-cp tjm-dq-sa-¦nepw CÃm-¯ cmPy-§-fn-sÃ-¶p Xs¶ ]-dbmw.
A-Xn-\q-X-\ km-t¦Xn-Ihn-Zy-I-fn ap¼n D-]-t`m-àm-¡Ä Nn-´n-¡p-¶-Xn-\-¸p-d-¯m-bmWv kmw-k-wKv Hmtcm DÂ-¸-¶-hpw hn-]-Wn-bn-se-¯n-¡p-
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¶Xv. Ce-t{Îm-Wn-Iv-kv ta-J-e-bn \n-ch-[n ap-t¶-ä§Ä A-Xn-\q-X-\ km-t¦-Xn-Ihn-Zy-bp-sS k-lm-b-t¯msS kmw-k-wKv ]-e L-«-§-fn-em-bn \-S-¯n-bn-cp¶p. FÂ-kn-Un km-t¦-Xn-I-hn-Zy-bn \n-t£-]w \-S¯n-b kmw-kwKv 2005Hm-sS FÂ-kn-Un ]m-\ DÂ-¸m-Z-\cwK-s¯ H-¶m-a³-am-cm-bn. temI-¯v B-Zy-ambn Fw_n t^m¬, UnPnä Snhn, hm¨v t^m¬ Xp-S§n-bh ]-cnN-b-s¸-Sp-¯nbXv kmw-k-wKv B-bn-cp-¶p. kmw-kwKnsâ hyXykvXamb sSIvt\m-f-Pn-bm-Wv Ahsc temI¯n-\v ap-¶n {]n-b-¦-c-am-¡n-b-Xv. dn-kÀ-¨v B³-Uv sU-h-e]v-saâ v hn-`mKw aäp I¼\nIfpambn aÕcn-¨v ap¼n-se¯p-¶-Xn kmw-kw-Kn-s\ G-sd klm-bn-¨p. Ft¸mgpw `mhn ap³Iq«n I≠p-sIm≠mWv kmwkwKv {]hÀ¯n¡p¶-Xv. F-¨v-Un t^mÀ-am-än-ep-Å H-cp aq-hn ^b Hcp sk¡â v- sIm≠v- Uu¬temUvsN¿m³ Ignbp¶ 5Pn h-bÀsekv- kmt¦XnI-hnZy kmwkwKv- CeIv-t{SmWnIv-kv- hn-I-kn-¸n-s¨-Sp-¯n«p≠v-. \nehnepÅ 4Pnsb¡mÄ ]Xn·S§v- A[nIw {Sm³kv-anj³ 5Pnbnep≠v-. 2020HmsS CXv- hn] Wnbnse¯psa¶mWv- IcpXp¶Xv-. 5Pn {]mhÀ ¯nIamIp¶tXm-sS sam-ss_ CâÀs\äv- cwK¯vh³ km[yXIfmWv- kmw-k-wKv sIm-≠p-h-cp-¶Xv.
P-\-{]nb sam-ss_ C-¶v temI¯v Gähpw IqSpX BfpIÄ D] tbmKn¡p¶ samss_Â- t^m¬ kmw-kw-Kn-sâ-Xm-Wv. 1993ap-X-emWv kmwkwKv amä§Ä hcp¯phm³ Xp-S§n-b-Xv. A-¡me-¯v kmw-k-wKv sNbÀam-\m-bn-cp¶ eo Iyp³, kmw-k-wKnsâ h-fÀ¨bv¡v Hcp {]tNmZ\ ambncp-¶p. D]tbmKaà adn¨v samss_ensâ Bhiy IX F´msW¶v a\knem¡m\mWv AtZlw Xsâ sXmgnemfnItfmSv \nÀtZin¨ncp¶Xv. XpSÀ¶v 1995 15,0000 Hmfw ]gbXpw ]pXnbXpamb sam-ss_ tam-U-ep-I-sfbpw ^mIv-kv sa-jo-\pIsfbpw Ipdn¨v ]Tn¡phm³ XpS-§n. ]n-¶oSv kmw-k-wKv lyq-a¬ dntkm-gvkv am-t\-Pv-saâ v 53,400 sXmgnemfnIÄ¡v ] ecoXnbn ]cnioe\w \Â-In. C-XmWv sam-ss_ hn-]-Wn-bn N-e-\-§Ä kr-ãn-¡p-¶-Xn kmw-k-wKn-\v I-cp-¯m-bXv.
C-´y-bn H-¶ma³ C´ybn samss_ t^m¬ kÀhokv Bcw`n¨ ImewsXm-«v t\m-¡n-b sam-ss_ t^m-Wp-I-fm-bncp¶p ap-¶nÂ. F-¶m B -Øm-\w C-¶v kmwkwKv kz-´-am-¡n-¡-gn-ªp. amdns¡m≠ncn¡p¶ hn]-Wnb-psS amä§sf DÄs¡m-Åm³ t\m¡nbbv¡v km-
[n-¡m-¯nS-¯v \q-X-\ km-t¦Xn-Ihn-Zy A-h-ew-_n¨ sam-ss_ t^m-Wp-IÄ km-[m-c-W-¡mc-\v km-[y-am¡n-s¡m-≠mWv kmw-k-wKv t\m-¡nb-sb I-S-¯n-sh-«nbXv. C´ybnse \¼À h¬ samss_ t^m¬ I¼\nsb¶ Øm\w Hcp ZiIt¯mfw \ne\nÀ ¯nbncp¶ t\m¡nb Ct¸mÄ c≠mw Øm-\-¯mWv. 2012-þ13 km¼¯nI hÀ-j-s¯ A-Sn-Øm-\-s¸-Sp¯n am[yacwKs¯ {]apJcmb thmbv-kv B³Uv Umä (hn B³Uv Un ) ]p-d-¯n-d¡nb kÀth-^-e-¯n sImdnb³ I¼\nbmb kmwkwKv t\m¡nbsb _lpZqcw ]n¶nem¡nbncn¡pIbmWv.
]-cm-P-b-¯n \n-s¶m-cp ap-t¶-äw sS-en-hnj³, tlmw A-ss¹³-kkv, t]-gv-k-W Iw-]yq«À, B-Iv-k-k-do-kv F-¶o hn-`m-K-§-fn-em-bn anI-¨ DÂ-¸-¶-§Ä am{Xw D-]-t`m-àm-¡-fn-se-¯n-¡p-¶ kmw-k-wKv C-¶v sam-ss_ t^m-Wn-sâ Im-cy-¯n A-iz-ta-[w X-s¶-bm-Wv \-S-¯p-¶-Xv. B-Zy Ime-¯v sam-ss_ t^m-Wn-sâ Im-cy-¯n h³ ]-cm-P-b-ambn-cp-¶p kmw-k-wKv. F-¶m am-ä-§-sf A-Xn-th-Kw DÄ-s¡m≠v hn-P-b-¯n-sâ ]-S-hp-IÄ \-S-¶pI-b-dm³ kmw-kw-Kn-\m-bn. t\m¡n-b A-h-X-cn-¸n-¨ ]-c-¼-cm-K-X kn-Ì-¯n\v _-Z-em-bn Kq--Kn-fp-am-bn tNÀ-¶v B³-t{Umbn-Uv kn-Ìw D-]-tbm-Kn-¨-Xv h-gn-¯ncn-hm-bn. ]qÀ-W-am bpw kv-amÀ«v t^m¬ F-¶ B-i-b-am-Wv B³-t{UmbnUn-eq-sS kmw-k-wKv bm-YmÀ-°yam-¡n-b-Xv. H-cp e-£-¯nap-¸-Xn-\m-bn-c-¯nÂ-¸cw bq-kÀ-{^≠v-en B-¹n-t¡-j-\p-IÄ B³-t{Um-bnUv t¹ kw-hn[m-\-¯n-eqsS e-`y-am-b-t¸mÄ bphm-¡-fpsS l-c-am-bn kmw-k-wKv t^m-Wp-IÄ am-dn. k-vamÀSv-t^m¬- cwK-¯v F-kv1, F-kv2, F-kv3, Fkv4 ko-cn-kp-I-fn-d-¡n-s¡m ≠v Hmtcm hÀ-jhpw hy-Xy-kvXcm-Ip-hm-³ I-¼-\n-¡v km-[n¨p. A-h-km-\w C-d§n-b F-kv 4 C-t¸mgpw hn-]Wn-bn X-cw-KamWv. A-tXm-sSm-¸w B-Zy-am-bn t\m-«v ko-co-kneqsS ^m-_vseävv A-h-X-cn-¸n-¡m\pw kmwkwKn\m-bn. Sm-_vse-äv hn-]-Wn-bn B-¸nfn-s\m-¸w aÕcn-¡p-hm\pw C-hÀ-¡v km-[n-¡p-¶p≠v. B-scbpw B-IÀ-jn-¡p-¶ Un-ssk\pw i-Ð-¯nepw Un-kv-t¹bnepw \Â-Ip-¶ D¶X Kp-W-\n-e-hm-chpw ssh-hn-[y-h-XvIcW-hpw t^m¬ hn-]-Wn-bp-sS ]-IpXnbn-te-sd ssI-b-S-¡p-¶-Xn\v kmw-k-w-Kns\ k-lmbn¡p-¶p. ]p-Xn-b h-f-bv¡m-\pw a-S-¡m\pw I-gn-bp-¶ sam-ss_ t^m-Wp-ambn kmw-kw-Kv ho≠pw Ip-Xn¡psa-¶m-Wv sS-Iv temI-s¯ hn-e-bn-cp¯Â. FaÀ-PnMv tIcf t amÀ¨v 2014
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hÀW-hn-kv-a-b-am-bn ssNX-\y s]-bnâvkv h³ ap-S-¡p-ap-X-enÃm-sX tIhew c-≠v sXm-gn-em-fn-I-fp-ambn- 1987 Bcw-`n-¨ sIm-¨n³ s]-bnâ vkv ss{]h-äv en-anä-Uv F-¶ Øm]-\w hf-sc Np-cp§n-b \m-fp-IÄ-¡p-Ån kz-´-am-sbmcp {_m³-Uv hmeyp D-≠m-¡nsb-Sp-¡p-I-bm-bn-cp¶p. sIm-¨n³ s]-bnâ v-kn-sâ {_m³-Uv an-Ihpw kzo-Im-cyX-bpw 1999 ssNX-\y s]-bnâ vkv F-¶ a-säm-cp Øm-]-\-¯n-sâ DZ-b-¯n\p Iq-Sn Im-c-W-am-bn. C¶o c-≠v {_m³-Up-I-fp-tSbpw A-Xn-cp-IÄ X-an-gv-\m-Sv h-sc hym-]n-¨p I-gnªp. k-am-\amb DÂ-¸-¶-ap-Å c-≠p I-¼-\n-IÄ¡pw sF-Fkv-H Aw-Ko-Im-c-hpw e-`n-¨p. hÀj¯n 2000 tIm-Sn cq-]-bp-sS hn-äphc-hv \-S-¡p¶ tI-c-f-¯n-se s]-bn-â v hy-h-km-b ta-J-e-bn- \nÀ-Wm-b-I Øm-\w t\Sn-b-Xn-s\-¡p-dn¨v I-¼-\n-bp-sS Øm-]-I\pw am-t\-Pnw-Kv U-b-d-Îdpam-b F cm-a-Ir-jv-W³ t]män. F cm-a-Ir-jv-W³ t]män
Uyq¡v-kw F-¶ t]-cn knaâ v s]-bnâp-am-bn-«mbn-cp-¶p sIm¨n³ s]bnâ vkv BZy-ambn hn]-Wn-bn-se¯n-bXv. DÂ-¸-¶-¯nsâ Kp-W-ta-·bpw hn-e-¡p-d-hpw knaâ v s]-bnâ v cwK¯v tZio-b A-´À-tZio-b {_m³UpI-sf ]n-¶n-em-¡n-s¡m-≠v H-¶m-a-sX-¯m³ I-¼\n-sb k-lm-bn¨p. C-Xv ap-t¶m-«p-Å {]-bm-W-¯n H-cp h-gn-¯n-c-nhm-Ip-I-bm-bn-cp-¶p. 1996 F-aÂ-j³ DÂ-¸m-Z-\-¯n-te¡pw I¼-\n I-S-¶p. ssNX-\y s]-bn â v-kn F-aÂ-j³ s]-bnâp-I-fm-Wv {]-[m-\-ambpw D Â-¸m-Zn-¸n-¡p-¶Xv. A-ep-an-\n-bw s]-bnâ v, ss{]-aÀ, ]u -UÀ ]p--«n Xp-S-§n-b-h-sbÃmw sIm-¨n³ s]-bnâ v-knepw DÂ-¸m-Zn-¸n-¡p¶p. DÂ-¸-¶-§-fpsS Kp-W-ta·bv-¡pÅ Aw-Ko-Im-c-am-bn c-≠v I-¼-\n-IÄ¡pw sF-Fkv-H Aw-Ko-Im-chpw e-`n-¨p. Cu c-≠v I-¼-\n-I-fn \n¶pw Uyq-¡v F¶ {_m³-Uv s\-bn-an-em-Wv DÂ-¸-¶-§Ä hn]-Wn-bn-se-¯p-¶-Xv.
D-]-t`m-àm-hn-sâ Xm¸-cy-am-Wv {]-[m-\w D-]-t`m-àm-hn-sâ Xm-¸-cy-§-fm-Wv X-§Ä Im¯pkq-£n-¡p-¶sX¶v cma-Ir-jvW³t]män ]d-bp¶p. H-cp D-]-t`m-àm-hv A-h-cp-sS ho-Sn-sâ t^mt«m sIm-≠ph-¶m B ho-Sn-\v tN-cp-¶ X-c-¯n-ep-Å I-fÀ D-]t`m-àm-hn-\v C-ã-am-Ip-¶ X-c-¯n Is≠-¯m-\p-Å
¶-Xpamb dn-kÀ-¨v B³-Uv sU-h-e]v-saâ v hn-`m-K-am-Wv I-¼-\n-bp-sS a-säm-cp {]-tXyIX. Kp-W-ta· D-d-¸ph-cp-¯m-sX H-cp DÂ-¸-¶hpw ]m-¡nw-Kv sk-£-\n-te-¡v t]m-Ip-I-bnÃ. AXp-t]m-se Xs¶ D-]-t`màm-¡-fp-sS A-`n-{]m-b-§fpw Cu hn-`m-Kw ti-J-cn-¡p-¶p-≠v. sSIv-t\m-fPn-bn h-cp-¶ am-ä-§-sf A-¸-t¸mÄ I-≠-dn-ªv D-]-tbmK-s¸-Sp-¯m\pw km-[n-¡p-¶p-. F-d-Wm-Ip-fw PnÃ-bn ap-f-´p-cp-¯n-bnepw ]p-Xn-b-Im-hnep-am-bn c-≠v ^m-Î-dn-I-fn-em-bm-Wv am-\p^m-Iv-¨-dn-wKv \-S-¡p-¶-Xv. tI-c-f amÀ-¡-än Iq-Sp-X-embpw t^m¡-kv sN-¿p-¶ I-¼\n-bp-sS DÂ-¸-¶§Ä IÀ-Wm-S-I-bnepw X-an-gv-\m-«nepw kzo-Im-cy-X t\-Sn-b-n-«p-≠v. a-äp am-t\-Pnw-Kv U-b-d-ÎÀ I-¼-\n-I-sf-t¸m-se tIm-Sn-I-fp-sS ]-c-kyssNX-\y s]-bn-â v-kv kw-hn-[m-\hpw I¼-\n H-cp-¡p-¶p-≠v. §Ä sN-¿m-\p-Å ku-I-cy-tam B-kvXntho-Sn-\v D-Nn-Xam-b I-fÀ tImw-]n-t\bm CÃ-¯-Xn-\m sa-¨-s¸-« Izm-fn-än-bn j³ C-Xn-eq-sS D-d-¸m-¡m³ km-[n-¡p¶p. D¸-¶w \Â-In amÀ-¡-än CSw t\-SpI- am{X-am-bn-cp¶p R-§-fp-sS ap-¶n-se GI t]mw-hgn. A-Xv hn-P-bna-e-bm-fn-bp-sS a-\-k-dn-ª hnPbw ¡p-Ibpw sN-bvXp. \q-dv i-X-am-\w Kymc-≠n-bmWv DÂ-¸\n-ch-[n a-Õ-c-§fpw shÃp-hn-fnbpw t\-cn-Sp-¶ ta-J- ¶-§Ä-¡v \Â-Ip-¶Xv. e-bm-Wv s]-bnâ v hy-h-km-bw. Hmtcm Zn-h-khpw `m-hn-]-²-XnIÄ ]pXn-b X-c-¯n-ep-Å DÂ-¸-¶-§Ä h¶p-sIm-≠n-cn-¡p¶p. Cu taJebn \n-ch-[n km-[y-X-Ifp-Å kwAÄ{Sm {]o-an-bw F-aÂj³, tdm-b Uyq-¡v Øm-\-am-Wv tI-cfw. ho-Sv hr-¯n-bm-bn kq-£n-¡p--¶ {]o-an-bw F-Iv-Ìo-cn-bÀ F-aÂj³, Uyq-¡v ss{]-Uv Im-cy-¯n a-e-bm-fn-bp-sS Imgv-N-¸m-Sv hf-sc hy-Xy-kvF-Iv-Ìo-cn-bÀ F-aÂj³, Iym-]ä v- ³ Uyq-¡v {]o-an-bw X-amWv. A-Xn-\m A-hÀ H-cp \nÝn-X C-S-thfIfn Câo-cn-bÀ F-aÂj³, A-{In-en-Iv Un-Ìw_À, C³-tUmÀ an-I-¨ Kp-W-ta-·-bp-Å s]-bnâp-IÄ hm-§n ho-Sv Uyq-¡v Câo-cn-bÀ ¹m-Ìn-Iv F-aÂ-j³ XpS-§n ap-¸¯ - tam-Sn-bm-¡n \n-e-\nÀ-¯p¶p. tI-c-f-¯n-se km-[m-c-Wt©m-fw DÂ-¸¶ - § - Ä 200Hm-fw Uo-eÀ-amÀ h-gn- hn-]W - n-bn¡mÀ hsc Cu co-Xn-bn-em-Wv t]m-Ip-¶Xv. c-≠ma-Xv se-¯n-¡p-¶p- . k-aq-l¯ - n-se FÃm hn-`mKw D-]t- `m-àm\-½p-sS `q-an-imkv{X-a\p-k-cn-¨v ho-Sv C-S-bv¡n-sS s]¡Ä-¡p-w {]m-]yam-b hn-eb - n-epÅ DÂ-¸¶ - § - Ä I¼\n bn-âSnt¡-≠ Øn-Xn-bmWv. a¬-kq-¬ a-gbpw D-¸p-Im]pd¯n-d¡ - p-¶p-≠v. ]pXn-b DÂ-¸¶ - § - Ä \nÀ-an-¨v amÀ-¡äp-saÃm-am-Wv C-Xn-\v Im-cWw. hn-e-¡p-d-hn Kp-W-taän-se-¯n-¡p-¶X - n-\p-Å {i-a§ - Ä C-\nbpw Xp-Scpw. 2008, ·-bpÅ s]-bnâ v DÂ-¸-¶-§Ä \Â-Ip-I-bm-sW-¦n 2009 hÀ-j§ - f - n I¬-kyq-aÀ s{]m-«£ - ³ A-hmÀUv, hn-]-Wn-bn ]n-Sn-¨p \nÂ-¡m-sa-¶-Xn-sâ sX-fn-hm-Wv an-I¨ - I-Ìa - À kÀ-ho-kv A- h mÀ- U v Xp- S §n- b Aw- K oX§fp-sS hn-P-b-sa-¶v cm-a-Ir-jvW³-t]män. Im- c - § Ä e- ` n- ¨ n- « p≠v . s]- b nâ v hy- h km- b cwK- ¯ v h- c p- ¶ am- ä §- s f DÄ- s ¡m≠p- s Im- ≠ v Iq- S p- X  i-àam-b BÀ B³-Uv Un hn-`m-Kw am- ä §Ä h-cp-¯n ap-t¶m-«pt]m-Im-\m-Wv I¼-\n {i-anhf-sc i-àhpw Im-cy-£a-X-tbm-sS {]-hÀ-¯n-¡p¡p-¶Xv.
sSen-hn-j-\n-se ]-c-ky-\n-b-{´Ww
_m-[n-¡p¶-Xv sN-dp-In-S-¡msc 1960I-fp-sS Xp-S-¡-¯n Xr-iqÀ \-K-c-¯n- Xp-S¡-an-« h-f¸n-e I-½yq-Wn-t¡-j³kv C¶v tI-c-f¯n-se ]c-ky G-P³-kn-I-fpsS ap-³-\n-c-bn-em-Wv. 1977HmsS Hu-tZym-Kn-I-am-bn {]-hÀ-¯-\-am-cw-`n-¨ h-f¸n-e I-½yq-Wn-t¡-j³-kn-sâ km-cYyw h-ln¡p¶-Xv am-t\-Pnw-Kv U-b-d-ÎÀ-amcmb tPm¬-kv t]mÄ h-f-¸n-ebpw sP-bnw-kv t]mÄ h-f-¸n-e-bpamWv. ]Xn-s\m-¶v {_m-©p-Ifpw C-cp-¶q-tdm-fw Po-h-\-¡m-cp-am-bn ]-c-ky-cwK-¯v A-P-¿-cm-bn Xp-S-cp¶ h-f-¸n-e-sb-¡p-dn¨v tPm¬-kv t]mÄ h-f-¸n-e kw-km-cn-¡p¶p.
H
-cp ]pXn-b {_m³-Uv hn-]-Wn-bn-e-h-X-cn-¸n-¡p-t¼mÄ BZyw sN-¿p¶Xv \n-e-hn-se hn]-Wn-sb-¡p-dn¨v ] Tn-¡p-I-sb-¶-Xm-Wv. D-]-t`m-àm-¡-fp-sS co-Xn-Ifpw Ah-cp-sS B-h-iy-§fpw amÀ¡-äv d-nkÀ-¨n-eq-sS a-\-kn-em¡p¶p. C-sXÃmw hn-i-Z-am-bn ]T-\-hn-t[-b-am-¡n-b-tijw DÂ-¸-¶-¯n-\p-Å H-cp kv-{Smä-Pn cq-]-s¸-Sp-¯pw. Iq-Sm-sX ss¢ân-sâ _P-äv Iq-Sn I-W-¡n-se-Sp-¯v hy-àam-b aoUn-b ¹m\pw X-¿m-dm-¡pw. {_m³-Up-am-bn _-Ô-s¸-« Hmtcm \o-¡-§fpw A-Xv ]-c-ky-§-fm-bmepw hn]-W-\ co-Xn-bm-bmepw Cu kv-{Smä-Pn A-Sn-Øm\-am-¡n-bm-Wv {]hÀ-¯n-¡p-¶-sX-¶v tPm¬-kv t]mÄ h-f¸ne.
sS-en-hn-j³ ]-ck - y-§f - p-sS ka-bw Np-cp-¡n-bX - n-s\-¯p-SÀ-¶p-Å shÃp-hn-fn-IÄ C-t¸mÄ sS-en-hn-j-\n a-Wn-¡q-dn {]-ZÀ-in-¸nFaÀ-Pn-Mv tIcf t amÀ¨v 2014
s{S³-Up-Ifpw am-ä-§fpw tkm-jyÂs\-ävhÀ-¡v ssk-äp-Ifpw sSIv-t\m-f-PnbpanÃm-¯ H-cp tem-I-s¯-¡p-dn-¨v Nn-´n-¡m³ t]mepw ]-äm-¯ A-h-Øm-bm-Wn-t¸mÄ. ]-c-¼-cm-K-X co-Xn-bn \n¶pw am-dn ]pXn-b amÀ-¡-änw-Kv co-Xn-IÄ sIm-≠p-hcm³ sSIv-t\mf-Pn Im-c-W-am-bn-«p≠v. h-f-¸n-e I-½yqWn-t¡-j³kn-s\ kw-_-Ôn¨v Cu am-ä-§Ä-s¡m-¸w {]-hÀ-¯n-¡p-hm³ km-[n-¡p-¶q-sh¶m-Wv Xsâ hn-izmksa¶pw A-t±-lw ]-d-bp¶p. tPm¬-kv t]mÄ h-f-¸n-e am-t\-Pnw-Kv U-b-d-ÎÀ
sPbnwkv t]mÄ h-f-¸n-e am-t\-Pnw-Kv U-b-d-ÎÀ
¡m-hp-¶ ]-c-ky-§-fp-sS ka-bw Np-cp-¡n-bn-«p-≠v. C-Xv {]-[m-\-ambpw _m-[n-¡p¶-Xv sNdn-b _-P-än {_m³UpI-sf D-bÀ-¯n-s¡m-≠ph-cm³ {i-an-¡p-¶ sN-dp-InS-¡m-sc-bmWv. ka-bw Np-cp-¡nb-Xv aq-ew Nm-\-ep-IÄ \nc¡n Im-cyam-b hy-Xym-kw sIm-≠p-h-¶n-«p≠v. C-Xn-\m- sN-dp-In-S-¡mÀ-¡v ssI-sb-¯n-¸n-Sn-¡m³ km-[n-¡m-¯ H-cp ta-Je-bm-bn sS-en-hn-j³ ]-c-ky§Ä am-dp-sa-¶ Im-cy-¯n kw-i-b-anÃ. A-tXka-bw tImÀ-¸-td-äp-IÄ-¡pw \à _-P-än ]-ckyw sN-¿m³ km-[n-¡p-¶-hÀ¡pw C-Xv ku-I-cy-amWv. ]-c-ky-§-fp-sS _m-lpeyw CÃm-¯-Xn-\m A-h-cp-sS {_m³-Up-IÄ-¡v \à hn-]-Wnaqeyw ssI-h-cpw. AXp-sIm-≠pX-s¶ ] c-ky G-P³-kn-I-sfbpw C-Xv Im-cy-am-bn _m-[n-¡n-söm-Wv I-cp-Xp-¶-Xv.
H-tc DÂ-¸¶w, ]-e {_m³-Up-IÄ H-tc DÂ-¸-¶-w hn-]-Wn-bn-se-¯n-¡p¶ ]-e {_m³Up-IÄ h-cp-t¼mÄ R-§-sf kw-_-Ôn-¨v bm-sXmcp _p-²n-ap-«p-anÃ. Imc-Ww R-§-fp-sS {_m-©pIÄ Hmtcm {_m³-Un-t\bpw s{]m-tam-«v sN-¿p-¶-Xn-\m-bn kp-k-Ö-amWv. hy-àam-b [mc-W-tbm-sS ]-c-ky-§Ä B-hn-jv-I-cn-¡m³ I-gn-bp-¶ k-Po-ham-b {In-tb-äo-hv Sow Hmtcm {_m-©n-ep-aps-≠¶ pw A-t±-lw hy-à-am¡n. AXp-sIm-≠pX-s¶ Htc DÂ-¸-¶-¯n-sâ ]-e {_m³Up-IÄ h-¶mepw A-Xn-sâ {]-tXy-I-X-I-f-\p-k-cn-¨v hn-]-Wn-bn-se-¯n-¡m\pw hn-P-bn-¸n-¡m\pw km-[n-¡p¶p. amÀ-¡-änw-Kv A-\m-en-kn-kv Un-hnj³, Un-Pn-ä F-Un-änwKvþU-ºnw-Kv ÌpUn-tbm, {In-tb-änhv {_m³-Uv _nÂ-Unw-Kv Un-hnj³, Sn-hn sIm-ta-gv-ky \nÀam-W bq-Wnäv, C-e-t{Îm-Wn-Iv-kv aoUn-b Un-hnj³, Hm¬sse³ A-UvshÀssS-knwKv s\-äv-hÀ¡v, sam-ss_ A-UvshÀ-ssS-knw-Kv bq-Wnäv, Hm-^vsk-äv {]nânw-Kv Un-hnj³ F-¶o ta-J-e-I-fn-seÃmw X-s¶ h-f¸n-e I-½yq-Wnt¡-j³-kv ià-am-Wv.
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CþtemI-s¯ A-Xn-Im-b³
CâÀ-s\-äv h-gn-bp-Å hn-]W-\w C-¶v tem-I-hym-]-I-ambn kp-]-cn-Nn-X-am-Wv, {]-tXy-In¨pw bp-h-X-e-ap-d-bv¡v. C sIm-ta-gv-kn-sâ km-[y-XI-sf Xp-S-¡-¯n-te Xn-cn-¨-dn-ªv h-fÀ-¨ kz-´-am¡n-b amazon.com sâ Øm-]-I\pw kn-C-Hbp-am-b sP-^v s_-tkm-kn-s\-bm-Wv C¯-h-W thÄ-Uv _nkn\-kv eo-tU-gv-kv, ]-cn-N-b-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶-Xv. 1994 Xp-S§n-b B-a-tkm¬ Np-cp§n-b hÀ-j-§Ä-¡p-Ån X-s¶ CþsImta-gv-kv cw-K-t¯-¡v temI-s¯ ap-gph³ h-gn-Im-«p-¶ I-¼\n-bm-bn h-fÀ-¶p. 61.09 _nÃy¬ bpF-kv tUm-f-dm-bn-cp¶p 2012 B-a-tkm-Wnsâ h-cp-am\w.
_m
-eyw apX-te im-kv-{X-t¯m-Sv hÃm-¯ A-`n-\nth-i-am-bn-cp-¶p sP-^v s_-tkm-kn-\v. km-t¦-Xn-IhnZybpw Ce-t{Îm-Wn-Iv-kp-am-bn-cp-¶p {]n-b hn-j-b§Ä. X-sâ ap-dn-bn \n¶pw k-tlm-Z-c§-sf t]-Sn-¸n-¨v ]-d-ª-b-¡p-¶-Xn-\m-bn H-cp Ce-t{ÎmWnIv A-em-dhpw A-¡me-¯v sP-^v X-b-dm-¡n-bn-cp¶p. ]n-¶o-Sv {]n-³kv-S¬ kÀ-h-I-em-im-e-bn _n-cp-Z-¯n-\p sX-c-sªSp¯Xpw C-e-{În-¡Â F³-Pn-\o-b-dnwKpw Iw]yq-«À k-b³-kp-w. ]p-Xn-b Im-e-¯n-sâ N-e\-§-tfmSpw km-t¦Xn-I h-fÀ-¨-tbm-Spap-Å Cu B-th-i-am-Wv ]n-¶o-Sv B-a-tkm-Wn-sâ ]n-d-hn¡pw C-S-bm-¡n-b-Xv. \yq-tbmÀ-¡n-se H-cp h³In-S I-¼-\n-bn-se D-¶-X D-tZym-Kw D-t]-£n¨m-Wv sP-^v t_mk-kv kz-´-am-bn H-cp kw-cw`w Xp-S-§m\n-d-§p-¶Xv. CâÀs\-äv ]pXn-b Im-e-¯n-sâ h-fÀ-¨m amÀ-K-am-bn ]pXn-b ta-J-e-IÄ I-s≠-¯n-¯p-S§p-¶ Im-e-am-bn-cp-¶p AXv. hÀ-[n-¨p h-cp-¶ CâÀ-s\-äv D-]tbm-K-¯n-sâ km-[y-X-IÄ A-t±-lw ap³-Iq-«n I-W¡p-Iq«n. \yq-tbmÀ-¡n \n-¶v Xp-dap-J \-K-camb ko-äv-en-te-¡p \-S¯n-b bm-{Xbn-eqsS ]pXn-b I-¼-\n-bp-sS
Jeff Bezos
B-i-b-§Ä A-t±-lw kz-´-am-¡n. A§s\ 1994 www.amazon.com \n-e-hnÂ-h¶p. Abn Xp-S-§p-¶ t]-cp th-Ww X-sâ I-¼-\n-s¡¶v sP-^n-\v \nÀ-_-Ô-ap-≠m-bn-cp¶p. A-£-c-am-em {I-a-¯n ap-¶n-se-¯p¶-Xv Kp-Ww sN-¿p-sa-¶m-bn-cp¶p A-t±-l-¯n-sâ X-Xzw. Un-Ivj-W-dn-bn ]-cX-th B-a-tkm¬ F-¶ hm-¡n-em-Wv A-t±-l-¯n-sâ I-®pI-fp-S-bv-¡n-bXv. B-a-tkm¬ \-Zn t]m-se ]-c-s¶m-gpIp-¶-XmI-Ww X-sâ I-¼-\n-sb-¶v e-£y-an-«v B t]-cp X-s¶ sX-c-sª-Sp-¯p. A apX Z h-sc \o-fp-¶ ]p©n-cn-bp-sS B-Ir-Xn-bn-ep-Å H-cp B-tcm -(arrow)bm-Wv B-a-tkm-Wn-sâ tem-tKm. B-a-tkm¬ \Â-Ip-¶ DÂ-¸¶-§-fp-sS ssh-hn-[y-am-Wv C-Xn-eq-sS sh-fn-hm-¡n-bXv. Hm¬-sse³ h-gn ]p-kv-X-I-§Ä hn-]W-\w sN-bvXpsIm-≠m-bn-cp-¶p Xp-S¡w. A-Ûp-Xm-h-lam-b {]-Xn-Ic-W-am-Wv ]pXn-b kw-cw-`-¯n-\v e-`n-¨Xv. B-Zy c-≠p am-k-§-fn Ata-cn-¡-bn-se 50 tÌ-äv-kn-\p ]p-d-ta 45 cm-Py-§-fnepw D-]-t`m-àm¡sf I-s≠-¯m³ B-a-tkmWn-\mbn. B-gv-N-bn i-cm-i-cn 20000 tUm-f-dn-sâ hn-] W-\w B-Zy-am-k-§-fn X-s¶ kz-´-am¡n. Un-hnUn,
tlmw kn-kväw, Fw-]n3 s¹bÀ, tkm-^v-äv-shbÀ, A-¸mcÂkv, PqhÂdn, ^À-Wn¨À, ^p-Uv XpS-§n I-fn-¸m-«§Ä h-sc B-a-tkm-Wnsâ Hm¬sse³ hn-]-Wn-bn ]n-¶o-sS¯n. Cþ_p-¡v do-UÀ, Sm-_vse-äv Iw-]yq-«À F-¶n-h-bp-sS \nÀ-am-W-¯n-\m-bn B-a-tkm¬ In³Un (amazon kindle) F-s¶m-cp hn-`m-Kw B-cw-`n¨p. ¢u-Uv Iw-]yq-«n-w-Kn-sâ km-[y-X-Ifpw ^-e-{]-Z-am-bn D-]tbm-K-s¸-Sp-¯n h-f-cm³ B-a-tkm-Wn-\m-bn. 2000 »q HÀ-Pn³ F-¶ t]-cn _-ln-cm-Im-i k-©m-cnI-sf e-£y-an-«p sIm-≠p-Å H-cp ÌmÀ-«vA-¸v I-¼-\n¡v sP-^v Xp-S-¡-an-«p. _-ln-cm-Imi-¯v tlm-«ep-Ifpw A-ayq-kv-saâ v ]mÀ-¡p-Ifpw tIm-f-\n-Ifpw h-sc Xp-S-§m-\mIp-¶ Im-ew ap³-Iq-«n kz-]v-\w I-≠m-Wv A-t±lw Cu ta-J-ebn-te-¡v \o-§n-bXv. 2006 h-sc c-l-ky-am-bn«m-bn-cp-¶p I-¼-\n-bp-sS {]-hÀ¯-\w. ]-co-£-W {]-hÀ-¯-\-§Ä-¡m-bn Ø-e-ta-sä-Sp-¯-tXmsS-bm-Wv »q HÀ-Pn³ ]-c-ky-am-bn {]-Jym]n-¡-s¸-«-Xv. 2013 hm-jnMv-S¬ t]m-kv-äv G-säSp¯p-sIm-≠v am-[y-a-cw-K-t¯¡pw A-t±-lw I-S¶p. B-atkm-Wnsâ `m-K-am-bà hy-àn-]-c-am-bm-Wv ]{Xw kz-´-am-¡p-¶sX¶pw ]-co-£-W§Ä Cu ta-J-e-bnepw Xp-S-cpsa¶pw sP-^v hy-àam¡n.
H
-cp an-I-¨ am-ä-¯n-\m-bn \n-§Ä {i-an¡p-¶p-sh-¦n sX-än-²-cn-¡-s¸-Sp¶-Xn-\pw X-bm-dm-bncn-¡-Ww.
Po-
1999Â ssSw am-K-kn³ t]-gv-k¬ H-m^v Zv C-bÀ ]p-c-kv-Im-cw 2008Â ImÀ-sW an-e³ kÀ-h-I-emim-e, _-lp-am-\mÀ-°w tUm-Î-td-äv \Â-In 2012Â t^mÀ-Nyq¬ am-K-kn³ _nkn\-kv t]-gv-k¬ Hm-^v Z C-bÀ. 2013Â l-mÀhmÀ-Uv _n-kn\-kv dnhyq, temI-s¯ an-I-¨ c-≠ma-s¯ kn-C-H B-bn sX-c-sª-Sp-¯p.
hnX-s¯ bm-sXm-cphn-[-¯nepw sa-¨-s¸-Sp-¯m-¯ DÂ-¸¶-s¯ H-cm-sf-s¡m-≠p hm-§n¸n-¡p-¶-Xn-s\-bm-Wv G-ähpw tam-iw AÀ-°-¯n I¬-kyq-sa-dn-kw F-¶p ]-d-bp-¶Xv.
H-cp I¼-\n kz-´w Xn-f-¡-¯n A-Sns¸-«p t]m-I-cp-Xv, F-s´-¶m Xnf-¡w \n-e-\nÂ-¡p-¶XÃ.
I-≠p-]n-Sp-¯-§Ä F-t¸mgpw `mKyw Iq-Sn-t¨À-¶-Xm-Wv.
D-]-t`m-àm-hv \n§-sf Im-Wp-
¶Xnt\m kw-km-cn-¡p-¶Xnt\m XmÂ-¸-cy-s¸-Sp-¶n-sÃ-¦n A-Xm-Wv an-I-¨ I-Ì-aÀ kÀ-ho-kv.
20
FaÀ-PnMv tIcf t amÀ¨v 2014
B R A N D I N G / N AT I O N
cmjv{S-\nÀan-Xnbpw Hcp {_m³Uv _n UnwKv {]{Inb Xs¶bm-Wv. anI-¨ cmjv{S§sf sI«n-¸-Sp¯ cmjv{S in¸n-Isf ]cn-N-b-s¸-Sp-¯p¶ ]wàn-bpsS A©mw -`mKw
B U I L D E R S
The transistor salesman
P-¸m-sâ km-¼¯n-I am-Pn-Iv bm-YmÀ-°y-am-¡nb G-ähpw {]-iw-k-bÀ-ln¡p-¶ inÂ-¸n-sb-¶m-Wv ap³ P-¸m³ {]-[m-\-a{´n l-btäm C-sI-U-bp-sS hnti-j-Ww. h-fÀ-¨-bn-te-¡v \-S-¶p-I-b-dm-\p-Å N-hn«p-]-Sn-I-fm-Wv Np-cp§n-b Im-ew am{Xw \o-≠ X-sâ `-c-W-Ime-¯v CsI-U P-¸m-\v k-½m-\n-¨Xv.
Hayato Ikeda
¼¯n-I a-mXr-I-bn-te¡p h-f-cp-¶-Xn\v Cu \-S-]-Sn-IÄ P-¸m-\v I-cp-t¯In. hntZ-i \n-t£-]¯n-\v h³ tXm-Xn A-hk-c-sam-cp-¡p-¶Xn-\p-Å C-sI-U-bpsS \o-¡w cm-Py-¯n-\-I¯v h³ tXm-Xn-ep-Å F-XnÀ-¸p-IÄ-¡m-WnS-bm-¡n-b-Xv. XpSÀ¶v X-t±io-b DÂ-¸-¶§Ä¡pw kw-cw-`§Ä¡pw kp-c-£n-X hn]-Wn D-d-¸m-¡n-bXn-\p-ti-jw am-{Xta hym]m-c D-Zm-c-h-Xv-I-cW-¯n-te-¡p \o-§pI-bp-Åq-sh-¶ \-bw A-t±-lw kzo-I-cn-¡pIbpw \-S-¸m-¡p-Ibpw sN-bv-Xp. hntZ-i \n-t£]w B-IÀ-jn¨-t¸m-gpw X-t±io-b DÂ-¸-¶-§-fp-sS h-fÀ¨ e-£y-an-«v C-d-¡pa-Xn-bn \n-b-{´-W§Ä GÀ-s¸-Sp-¯m³ {i-an¨p.
kµo]v ]n Fkv
c
≠mw tem-I a-lm-bp-²-¯n-sâ G-ähpw hen-b sI-Sp-Xn-IÄ G-äphm-§n-b cm-Py-am-bn-cp-¶p P-¸m³. N-cn-{X-¯n B-Zy-am-bn H-cp P-\-X A-Wp-hm-bp-[-¯n-sâ Zpc´§Ä A-\p-`-hn-¨-dn-ªp. Z-cn-{Z-P-\-hn-`mK-§Ä G-sd-bp-≠m-bn-cp-¶ cmPyw Iq-Sp-X Zp-cn-X-¯n-te-¡p \o-§p-Ibm-bn-cp¶p. F-¶m A-¼-cn-¸n-¡pwhn-[w c-≠p ]-Xn-äm-≠p-IÄ-¡-¸p-dw B cmPyw h-fÀ-¨-bp-sS ]m-X-bn-tes¡-¯n. a-lm-bp-²-¯n P-¸m-\v G-sd Zp-cn-Xw \ÂIn-b A-ta-cn-¡ X-s¶ bp-²m-\´-cw km-¼¯n-I k-lm-b-§-fp-am-sb¯n. P-¸m³ P-\X I-½yq-Wn-k-¯n-te¡pw A-Xph-gn tkm-hnb-äv tN-cn-bn-te¡pw \o-§p-sa-¶ k-tµ-l-ambn-cp-¶p A-Xn-\p ]n-¶nÂ. F-¶m h³ km-¼¯n-I i-àn-bm-bp-Å P-¸m-sâ h-fÀ-¨-bv-¡p ]n-¶n-se b-YmÀ° Nm-e-I i-àn-bmbXv l-btäm C-sI-U F-¶ [n-j-Wm-im-enbm-b t\-Xm-hn-sâ {]-hÀ-¯-\§-fm-bn-cp-¶p. 1960 apX 1964 h-sc-bp-Å H-cp {l-kz Im-e-L-«-¯n am-{X-am-Wv A-t±lw P-¸m-sâ {]-[m-\a-{´n-bm-b-Xv. P¸m³ N-cn-{X-¯nse tKmÄ-U³ knIv-kv-äo-kn-sâ Xp-S-¡-am-bn-cp-¶p AXv. A-Xn-\p-ap-¼p ]-e-L-«-§-fn-embn hy-h-kmbw, A-´m-cm-{ã hym-]m-cw, [-\-Imcyw F-¶o h-Ip-¸p-IÄ A-t±-lw ssI-Imcyw sN-bv-Xn-cp¶p.
hym-h-km-bn-I-hXvIcWw k-a-b-_-Ôn-X-am-bn h³ h-fÀ-¨ km-[y-am-¡-Wsa-¶ Im-gv-N-¸m-Sm-Wv C-sI-U-bv-¡p-≠m-bn-cp-¶Xv. h³ hym-h-km-bn-I-h-Xv-I-c-W-¯n-\pw km-¼¯n-I h-fÀ¨m ]-²-Xn-IÄ¡pw A-t±-lw Xp-S-¡-an«p. P-\-§-fpsS km-¼-¯n-I hn\n-tbm-Kw hÀ-[n-¸n-¡p-¶-Xn-\m-bn ]-en-i-\n-c-¡nepw \n-Ip-Xn-bnepw Ipd-hp h-cp-¯n. hym-h-kmbn-I kw-cw-`-§Ä-¡v h³-tXm-Xn hm-bv-] A-\p-h-Zn-¡p-¶-Xn-\p- \-S-]-Sn-I-sf-Sp-¯p. Cu \-S]-Sn kn-än _m-¦p-I-fp-sS ta _m-¦v Hm-^v P-¸m-\p-≠mbn-cp-¶ \n-b-{´-Ww hÀ-[n-¸n-¡p-¶-Xn\pw k-lm-b-Iambn. ssh-ZypXn, IÂ-¡cn, D-cp¡v, Xp-d-ap-Jw F-¶o FaÀ21Pn-Mv tIcf t amÀ¨v 2014
kmaq-ly-t£aw
ta-J-e-§-fn-se hy-h-km-b-§Ä C-¡me¯v G-sd apt¶-ä-ap-≠m¡n. A-´m-cm-{ã km-¼¯n-I kw-L-S-\-Ifp-am-bp-Å P-¸m-sâ k-l-Ic-Ww B-cw-`n-¡p-¶Xpw CsI-U-bp-sS `-c-W-Im-e-¯m-Wv. 1963 Km-«n-epw 1964 sF-Fw-F-^n-epw (imf) HCknUn-bn-epw (oecd) P¸m³ ]-¦m-fn-bmbn. I-b-äp-a-Xn-bn hÀ-[-\-hp-≠m¡p-¶-Xn\pw C-Xn-eq-sS km-[n-¨p. A-t±-lw Np-aX-e-tb-ä-bp-S³ {]-Jym-]n-¡-s¸-« h-cp-am-\w C-c-«n-bm-¡Â ]-²-Xn-bn-eq-sS ]-¯p hÀ-j¯n tZio-b h-fÀ-¨m \n-c¡v 7.2 B-bn D-bÀ-¯m-\mWv e-£y-an-«n-cp-¶Xv. F-¶m 1965Hm-sS X-s¶ C-Xv hn-kv-a-b-I-c-am-bn 11.6 te-¡v h-fÀ¶p. {]-Xn-ioÀ-j h-cp-am-\w G-gp-hÀ-jw sIm-≠p X-s¶ C-c-«n-bm-¡p-¶Xn-\v km-[n-¨p.
an{i- k-¼-ZvhyhØ kz-Im-cy kw-cw-`-IÀ-¡v t{]m-Õml-\w \Â-Ip¶Xn-s\m-¸w kÀ-¡m-cn-sâ [-\-hn\n-tbm-Khpw A-SnØm-\ ku-I-cy-§fpw hÀ-[n-¸n-¡p-¶-Xn-eq-sS am-{X-ta hym-h-kmbn-I hn-Ik-\w km-[y-am-Iq-sh-¶v CsI-U Xn-cn-¨-dn-ªn-cp¶p. \n-c-h-[n ssl-thIÄ, A-Xnth-K sd-bv ]m-X, FbÀ-t]mÀ«v, Xp-dap-J kw-hn-[m-\-§Ä, Um-ap-IÄ XpS-§n h³In-S ]-²-Xn-IÄ \-S-¸m-¡-s¸«p. A-tXm-sSm-¸w A-¶ph-sc A-h-K-Wn-¡-s¸-«n-cp-¶ I-½yq-Wn-t¡-j³ ta-J-e-bn-te¡pw A-t±-lw kÀ¡mÀ aq-e-[-\-sa-¯n¨p. {I-ao-Ir-Xam-b H-cp an-{i km-
kp-Øn-cam-b km¼¯n-I h-fÀ-¨-bv-¡v km-aq-ln-Iamb sshcp-[y-§Ä ]-c-amh-[n e-Lq-I-cn-t¡-≠-Xps≠-¶pw CsI-U I-W-¡p-Iq-«n. km-aqlyt£-a cw-K¯pw \n-ch-[n ]-²-Xn-IÄ-¡v A-t±lw Xp-S-¡-an«p. tZ-io-b-ambn an-\n-aw th-X-\-w D-d-¸m-¡n-b-Xpw s]³-j³ ]²-Xn B-hn-jv-I-cn-¨-XpsaÃmw CsI-U `-c-W-Im-e-¯m-bn-cp¶p. Aw-K-sshIeyw _m-[n-¨-hÀ-¡v sXm-gn kw-h-c-Ww, 600Hm-fw sXm-gn kpc£m Hm-^n-kp-IÄ F-¶n-h-bv-¡p ]pd-ta h-tbm-P-\-§Ä-¡p-Å Xm-a-k, Pohn-X ku-I-cy-§-sfmcp-¡p-¶-Xn\pw \-S-]-Sn-I-sf-Sp¯p. Im³-kÀ _m-[n-X-\m-sW-¶v I-s≠-¯n-Xn-s\-¯pSÀ-¶mWv 1964 \-hw_À 9\v A-t±-lw Øm-\-sam-gnªXv. sk-]v-äw-_-dn A-kp-Jw I-s≠-¯n-bn-cps¶¦nepw H-tÎm-_-dn tSm-t¡ym-bn \-S-¶ H-fn-¼n-Iv-kv k-am-]n-¡pw hsc A-t±-lw cm-Pn-{]-Jym]-\w amänh¨p. 1965 HmK-Ìv 13\v tSm-t¡ym kÀ-h-I-emim-e B-ip-]-{Xn-bn h-¨v C-sIsU a-c-W-a-Sªp. CsI-U Xp-S-§n-h-¨ \-S-]-Sn-I-fn-eq-sS A-ta-cn¡-bv-¡p sXm-«p ]n-¶n c-≠ma-s¯ km-¼¯n-I i-àn-bm-bn P-¸m³ h-fÀ¶p. sXm-®q-dp-I-fn ssN-\ \-S¯n-b ap-t¶-ä-am-Wv P-¸m\v Cu Øm-\w \-ã-am¡n-bXv. Np-cp§n-b hÀ-j-§-fn h³ t\-«-§Ä kz-´-am¡p-Ibpw e-£y-{]m-]v-Xn-¡v Ir-Xy-X-tbm-sS \o-§pIbpw sNbv-X l-btäm C-sI-U-bv-¡v 1960 A¶s¯ {^-©v {]-knUâ v \Â-In-b hn-ti-j-Ww G-sd {]-kn-²n t\-Sn-bn-cp¶p ""Zv {Sm³-kn-ÌÀ sk-bvÂ-kvam³'.
21
tImÀ-¸-tdäv Hcp `mK¯v Smäm tam-t«mgv-kv sam-¯-¯n hfÀ¨ ssIhcn-¡p-t¼mgpw B`y´c-ambn I¼\n-bpsS {]hÀ¯\w XoÀ¯pw tamiamIpIbmWv. I-¼-\n bq-tdm-¸n \n¶v GsäSp¯ PmKzmÀ, em³Uv tdmhÀ hml\§fpsS an-I-¨ hn¸\ sIm≠p am{X-am-Wv sam-¯¯n Smäm tam-t«mgvkn\v anI¨ {]-IS\w Imgv-Nh-bv-¡m-\mIp-¶Xv. \n-ch[n ]pXnb tamU-epIÄ Cd¡nbpw ]pXn-b F³Pn³ hnI-kn¸n¨pw h-fÀ¨ ssI-h-cn-¡m³ {ian ¡pI-bmWv I-¼\n. shÃphn-fnIÄ t\cnSm³ 2012 \nban-X\m-b am-t\Pnw-Kv U-b-dÎÀ ImÄÉnw acWs¸-«Xv Gd¡psd CXv ^e{]m]vXnbn F-¯p-¶-Xn-\nsSbmWv. Sm-äm tamt«mÀ-kn-\p ho≠pw {lkzIme Xncn¨-Sn \ÂInbncn-¡p-I-bm-Wv Én-½n-sâ hn-tbmKw.
Xn-cn¨phc-hn\v
p ¶ p § p c m a s f I \ne-hnse {]hÀ¯\w
C sI \yqkv_yqtdm
C ´y-bnse G-ähpw hen-b Hms«msam-_o  I¼\nbmb Smäm tamt«mgvkv 2012-þ13Â
18,8818 tImSncq]-bm-Wv hcp-am\w D≠m¡n-Xv. hmWnPyhml\-§fn hn]Wnt\Xr-Øm\w Ae¦cn¡p¶ I¼\n sshhn[y-amÀ¶ \nch[nXcw hm-l\§Ä \nÀan¡p¶p≠v. temI¯v {S¡v \nÀamW I¼\n-Ifn A©mwØm-\hpw _kv\n Àam-W¯n \memw Øm-\hpw Smämtamt«mgvkn\mWv. ImdpIÄ, bq«n-enän hml-\§Ä, _kpIÄ, {S-¡pIÄ F¶o hn`m-K¯nÂs]Sp¶ ap¸tXmfw Xcw hm-l\§Ä I¼\n B`y´c-ambn Xs¶ \n Àan¡p¶p. C-Xn-\p ]p-d-ta-bmWv Pm-KzmÀ, em³Uv tdmhÀ hn`m-K¯nÂs¸« \n-ch[n hm-l-\§Ä. Smäm tam-t«m-gv-knsâ BZyhml\w ]pd¯nd§p¶Xv 1954emWv. C¶v Adp]Xn\m bnct¯mfw Poh-\-¡m-cp-Å Sm-äm tam-t«m-gvknsâ 80 e£t¯mfw hm-l-\-§-fm-Wv C-´ybn HmSns¡m≠ncn-¡p¶Xv. cm-Py¯v Btdmfw Øe-§fn I¼\n-bpsS kz´w ^mÎdnIfpw HcnS¯v ^nbäpambn tNÀ¶pÅ ^mÎdnbpw {]hÀ¯n¡p¶p. \yqtbmÀ¡v kvtäm¡v F-IvkvtN©n enÌv sNbvX I¼-\n¡v bpsI, ku¯vsIm-dnb, Xmbvem³Uv, Z-£nWm-{^n¡, Ct´m-t\jy F¶nhnS-§fnepw {]-hÀ¯\-ap≠v. bpsI BØm\-ambn {]hÀ¯n¡p¶ {]ap-J Hms«msam_o I¼\nbmb Pm-KzmÀ em³Uv tdmhÀ, Smä Gsä-Sp¯Xv 2008em-Wv. 2004 sImdnb³ I¼\nbmb tZhp sImt½gv-jy-epw G-säSp-¯n-cp¶p.
sam¯¯nepÅ {]-IS\w ]cn-tim[n¨m {]Xojn¨Xnt\¡mÄ anI¨ {]IS\-amWv ZriyamIp¶Xv. sPFÂBÀ (Pm-KzmÀ B³dv em³Uv tdmhÀ) hmÀjnI h-fÀ¨ (GItZiw 17.8 iX-am\w) ap³-hÀjt¯¡mÄ aq¶v iX-am\w IqSpXemWv. F¶m A-`y-´-c _n-kn\kvv 800 tImSntbmfw cq]bpsS \ã-amWv t\cn«ncn¡p¶Xv. F¶m sP-FÂBÀ _n-kn\knsâ i-àamb hfÀ¨ sam¯¯nepÅ {]-IS\w sa¨s¸Sp¯p¶p≠v. ssN-\, A-ta-cn¡ F¶o cmPy§-fnse km¼-¯n-I-cwKw i-àamb DWÀhv Im-Wn-¡p-¶-Xn-\m \S¸v km¼¯nI-hÀjw c≠mw AÀ[]-Ip-Xn-bn sP-FÂBÀ hml\§fpsS hn¸\ 15 iXam\¯ne-[nIw hfÀ¨ ssIhcn¡m\pÅ km[y-X-bpap≠v. ]pXnb sPFÂBÀ hm-l-\§Ä¡pw h³ Unam³-UmWv. C´y-bnse Hms«msam_o hn¸\ (PKzmÀ, em³Uv tdmhÀ HgnsIbpÅ h) tam-iamb AhØbn Xs¶ XpScpI-bmWv. DbÀ¶ CÔ\ hn-ebpw sam-¯¯n _n-kn\-kv cwKw hfÀ¨ ssIh-cn-¡m-¯Xpw I¼\n I-fpsS hn¸\ Ip-dbv¡p¶-XmbmWv dnt¸mÀ-«pIÄ. SqhoeÀ I¼\nIfpw Nne ImÀ-tamUep-Ifpw am{X-am-Wv hn¸-\ bn hfÀ¨t\Sp¶Xv. F-¶m k-¼Z- vcwKw anI¨ hfÀ¨ t\Spsa¶ {]Xo-£bpw ]pXnb tamU hm-l\ §Ä hn]Wn-bnend¡p-¶Xpw Sm-ä-bv¡v {]-Xo-£ \ÂIp¶p. BtKmfX-e¯n PKzmÀ, em³Uv tdm-hÀ hm-l\§fpsS hn¸\ C\nbpw IqSm³Xs¶-bmWv km-[y-X. aäv hml\§-fpsS DÂ-¸mZ\ coXnbpw tamUepIfpsams¡ Imcyamb amä-§Ä¡p hnt[bam-Ip¶Xp sIm≠v Ch-bpsS {]IS-\hpw sa-¨s¸Sp-sa¶p {]Xo-£n-¡p¶p.
I¼\n-bpsS Nne kp{][m\ km-¼¯nI hn-hc§Ä (sPFÂBÀ Hgn-sI) {][m\hn-h-c§Ä (hmÀ-jn-Iw) cq] tIm-Sn-bn 2013 amÀ¨v 2012 amÀ¨v 2011 amÀ¨v 2010 amÀ¨v 2009 amÀ¨v tStWm-hÀ 44765.72 54306.56 47088.44 38173.39 28538.20 sam-¯-h-cp-am\w 46571.65 54919.24 47718.51 37200.78 26343.92 sam-¯w Nn-e-hpIÄ 43191.34 50752.85 42777.52 31947.09 23699.53 {]-hÀ-¯-\-em`w 1717.98 4177.55 4665.14 4032.83 1723.10 AämZm-bw 301.81 1242.23 1811.82 2240.08 1001.26 em`hnlnXw (Hm-l-cn) 645.20 1280.70 1274.23 859.05 311.61
Hmlcnsbm-¶nsâ hnhc§Ä CjypsNbvX HmlcnIÄ(e£wcq]) {]tXymlcnhcpam\w(cq-]) Hmlcnem`hnlnXw(%) _p¡vaqeyw(cq-])
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31901.16 31735.47 6346.14 5705.58 5140.08 0.95 3.91 28.55 39.26 19.48 100.00 200.00 200.00 150.00 60.00 59.98 61.84 315.36 259.03 240.64
ImÄÉn-½nsâ hntbmKw I\¯\ãw A`y´c
X-e¯n Gsd shÃphn-fnIÄ \ndª k-a b¯v I¼-\n sb apt¶m«p\ bn¨ Smäm tamt«mgvkv amt\ PnwKv Ubd-IväÀ ImÄÉn-½nsâ hntbmKw I¼\n-sbbmsI sR«n¨ncn¡pIbmWv. \n-ch[n hntZi hml\ \nÀamW I¼-\n-IÄ C-´ybn {]-hÀ¯-\w B-cw-`n-¨-tXm-sSbm-Wv Sm-ä-bv¡v Xncn¨-Sn t\-cn«Xv. 2009\p -ti-jw Smäm tam-t«mgvkv C-d¡nb Hcp hml\¯n\pt]mepw I¼\n-bpsS hn]Wnhn-lnXw Ip¯s\ CSn-bp¶-Xv XSbm\m-bnÃ. Cu kmlNcyw t\cnSm³ Is≠¯nb Bfmbn-cp¶p ImÄ-Énw. 2012 sk]väw_dn-emWv {_n-«ojpIm-c\mb ImÄÉnw Smämtamt«mgvkv amt\-PnwKv UbdIvä-dmbn \nbanX\m-bXv. Bdp-amkw sIm≠pXs¶ Imcyamb Hcp-amäw {]mhÀ¯nI am¡m³ At±l-¯n\v Ignªp. ]gb tSm]v am-t\-Pv-saâ v I½n-än¡v ]Icw h-ep¸w Ipd¨v F«pt]À am{XapÅ i-àamb I½nän cq]oIcn¨p. Kp-W-ta·, ¹m\nw-Kv, tImÀ¸-tdäv X{´§Ä, ]À-t¨kv F¶o Un¸mÀ«v-saâ v Xe-h·mÀ t\-cn«v Fw-Un¡v dnt¸mÀ«v sN¿-Wsa¶ \n_Ô\ D≠m¡n. ImÀ, {S¡v D¸mZ\-§fn Iq«mb {]-hÀ-¯-\w t{]mÕmln¸n¡embn-cp¶p aq¶ma-t¯Xv. 2014 ]p¯³ XpS¡t¯msS I¼-\nsb \bn¡m³ Xocpam\n-¨ hyàn-bmWv C-t¸mÄ acW-¯n\p IogS§n-bXv. 2014 ]pXnb hm-l\§Ä ]pd¯n-d¡m³ FÃm Hcp¡-§fpw \-S¯n. At±l-¯nsâ A-`mh¯nemsW¦n IqSn C-t¸mÄ ] e ]pXnb tamU-ep-Ifpw I¼\n AhXcn¸n¡p¶p. I¼\n-bpsS D¸mZ\cwKs¯ am-ä-§Ä¡v IrXyamb N«-¡qSv D≠m¡nb \n e-bv-¡v ZoÀ-LIme {]hÀ¯-\§sf Én½n-sâ acWw Imcy-ambn _m[n¡m\nS-bnÃ. C´ybn-epw Z£nW sIm-dnb, Xmbvem³Uv, Z-£nWm{^n¡ F¶nh DÄs¸sSbpÅ cmPym´c hn] WnIfnepw PmKzÀ, em³Uv tdmhÀ HgnsIbpÅ bqWnäpI-fpsS {]hÀ¯\-§Ä¡v Np¡m³ ]nSn¨Xpw ImÄÉn½mbncp¶p. FaÀ-PnMv tIcf t amÀ¨v 2014
FaÀ-Pn-Mv tIcf t amÀ¨v 2014
D¸m-Z-\£aX:
tIc-f-¯n-sâ hf c¦p sI l-cn-Zmkv
tem-I hy-hkm-b `q-]-S¯n C-´y³ I-c-kv-]À-i-ta¡m-¯ -ta-J-e-I-fn-söv X-s¶ ]-d-bmw. _-ln-cmIm-i ]T-\ ]-cy-th-£-W Øm-]-\amb \m-k-b-n-eS¡w tem-I-¯n-sâ ap-¡nepw aq-e-bnepw C-´y-¡mcp-sS DXv-]m-Z-\£aX hf-sc {]-i-kv-X-am-Wv. a-\p-jy-hn-`-h¯n-sâ Im-cy-¯n ap-¶n \nÂ-¡p-¶ C-´y-bv¡pw ssN\-bv¡pw DXv-]m-Z-\£aXsb ^-e-{]-Z-am-bn D-]-tbm-Kn-¨m temI-s¯ hen-b km-¼¯n-I i-àn-I-fm-bn am-dm\mIp-sa-¶ Im-cy-¯n kw-i-b-anÃ. DXv-]mZ-\£aXbp-sS Im-cy-£-aam-b hn\n-tbm-K-¯n-eq-sS cm-Py-¯v a-sämcp hym-h-kmbn-I hn-¹-h-w km-[y-am-sW-¶ A-`n-{]m-bamWv hn-Z-Kv-[À-¡p-ÅXv. Cu hn-e-bn-c-p¯-ep-I-fp-sS ]-Ým-e¯-e-¯n C-´y-¡m-cp-sS-bpw k-hn-ti-j-ambn a-e-bm-fn-I-fpsSbpw DXv-]m-Z-\£aXsb ssN-\-bpÄ-¸-sS-bp-Å a-äp cm{ã-§-fn-se sXm-gn-em-fn-I-fp-tSXp-am-bn tNÀ-¯ph¨v ]cn-tim[n-¡p-I-bm-Wv I-hÀ-kv-täm-dn.
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`m hn-bp-sS km-¼-¯n-I i-àn-Isf-¶ \n-e-bn tem-I-cm-{ã-§Ä-¡p ap-¶n ssN-\-bv¡pw C-´y-
bv¡pw k-hn-ti-jam-b Øm-\-am-Wp-Å-Xv. 2020 F-¯p-t¼mÄ hn-Ikn-X cm-Py-§Ä-s¡m-¸w C-´ybpw X-§-fpsS Itk-c D-d-¸n-¡p-sa-¶m-Wv ]-d-b-s¸Sp-¶-Xv. Cu km-¼¯n-I {]-h-N-\-§Ä bm-YmÀ-°yam-I-W-sa-¦n hy-mh-kmbn-I ]p-tcm-K-Xn i-àn {]m-]n-t¡≠Xp-≠v. B-tKm-foI-c-W Im-e-L-«-¯nse a-Õ-cm[n-jvTn-X hn-]-Wn-bn C´y-t]m-ep-Å H-cp cm-Py¯n\v C-sX§-s\ km-[y-am-Ipw. D¸m-Z-\s¨-e-hv Ip-d¨p-sIm≠v D-¸mZ-\w hÀ-[n-¸n-¡p-I F-¶-Xm-Wv s]m-Xp-sh I-W¡m-¡-s¸-Sp-¶ D¯cw. CXp km-[y-am-I-W-sa-¦n D¸m-Z-\-£-a-X-bp-sS ]-c-am-h-[n- sXm-gn-em-fn-I-fn \n-¶v e-`n-t¡-≠-Xp≠v. sam-¯ B-`y-´-c D-¸m-Z\-s¯ sXm-gn-em-fn-I-fp-sS F-®w sIm-≠v l-cn-¡p-¶-Xm-Wv DXv-]m-Z-\£aX-bmbn I-W-¡m-¡p-¶-Xv. DXv-]m-Z-\£aXbp-sS-bpw -am-\p jn-I hn-`-h-tijnbpw ta-J-e-bn henb km-[y-XIÄ D-Å cm-Py-am-sW-¦n-epw \mw C-Xn-s\-¡p-dn-¨p C-Xphsc Im-cy-£-a-am-bn Nn-´n-¨pXp-S-§n-bn-«pt≠m F-¶p-Å-Xpw kw-i-b-am-Wv.
C-´y-bp-sS sXm-gn km-[y-X-IÄ, I-W-¡p-IÄ sXm-gn F-¶ hm-¡v ]-d-bp-t¼m-Ä X-s¶ A-Xn\v A\p-tbm-Py-am-b-hÀ B-cv F-¶Xpw tNm-Zy-am-bn h-cp-¶p≠v. s]m-Xpsh sXm-gn-seSp-¡m³ km-[n-¡-p-¶ {]m-b-am-bn I-W-¡m-¡p¶Xv 19 h-b-kn-\pw 59 h-b -kn-\pw C-S-bnepÅ-h-sc-bm-Wv. C-´y³ P-\-X-bpsS 63.38 i-X-am-\w B-fp-IÄ Cu \n-Ý-bn-¡-s¸-« {]m-b-]-cn-[n-¡p-Ån-em-Wv h-cp-¶Xv. B-{inX-Xz \nc-¡v (tPm-en-¡p t]m-Ip-hm³ km-[n-¡m-¯ {]mbw) a-äp cm-Py§-sf A-t]-£n-¨v C-´y-bn hf-sc Ip-dhm-sW-¶p km-cw. 37 i-X-am-\-¯n Xm-sg-am-{X-am-Wv \-½p-sS B-{inX-Xz \n-c¡v. Cu I-W-¡p-IÄ FÃmw Im-cy-£-a-am-bn ]cn-tim-[n-¨v X-¿m-dm¡n-b dn-t¸mÀ-«v A-\p-k-cn-¨v 2020se C-´y-¡mc-sâ i-cmi-cn {]m-b-w 29 hb-kv am-{X-am-bn-cn-¡pw. C-Xn-s\ ^-e-{]-Z-am-bn hn\n-tbm-Kn-¡m³ \-ap-¡mI-Ww. ]-t£, G-I-tZiw 9.2 i-X-am-\w B-fp-IÄ sXm-gn Zm-cn-{Zyw A-\p-`-hn-¡p-¶p-sh¶-Xm-Wv \mw C-¶p t\-cn-Sp-¶ {][m-\ shÃp-hn-fn-. C-¯-c-¯n sXm-gn-enÃmbv-a cm-Py-¯n hen-b {]-iv-\-§Ä krãn-¡p-¶-tXm-sSm-¸w X-s¶ A-Xn-\p ssh-cp-²y-am-bn hn-ZKv[ sXm-gn-em-fn-I-fp-sS A-`m-h-hpw \mw t\-cn-Sp¶p. \n-e-hnepÅ sXm-gn-em-fn-I-fm-I-s« sXm-gn \n]p-W-cà F-¶p-Å-Xm-Wv a-säm-cp Zpx-J k-Xyw. 337.5 an-ey¬ sXm-gn-em-fn-IÄ, A-Xmb-Xv B-sI sXm-gn-emfn-I-fp-sS \m-en ap-¶p `m-Khpw A-kw-L-Sn-X ta-Jebntem kw-L-S-n-X ta-J-ebntem Im-cy-£-a-am-bn sXm-gn sN-¿p-hm³ \n-]p-W-cà F-¶-v km-cw. I-W-¡p-IÄ {]-Im-cw C-´y³ sXm-gn kw-Jy-
bp-sS 93 i-X-am-\-hpw A-kw-LSn-X ta-J-e-bn-em-Wv tPm-en sN-¿p-¶Xv. 2010se e-`yam-b I-W-¡p-IÄ A-\p-k-cn-¨v C-´y-bp-sS D¸m-Z-\-£-a-X- 3743 bp F-kv tUm-f-dmWv. a-äp cm-Py-§-fp-am-bn Xm-c-X-ay-s¸Sp-¯p-t¼mÄ hf-sc ip-jv-Iw F-¶p X-s¶ ]-d-tb-≠n h-cpw. {_n-«-\n-se D¸m-Z-\-£-a-X- 76729 tUm-f-dpw, A-ta-cn-¡-bn-te-Xv 101473 tUm-f-dp-am-Wv F-¶p Iq-Sn a-\-kn-em-t¡-≠-Xp≠v. Cu A-]-cym-]v-X-X ]-cn-l-cn¡p-¶-Xn\v tI-{µ-kÀ-¡mÀ \m-jW kv-In sU-he-]v-saâ v an-j-sâ `m-K-am-bn 500 an-ey-¬ B-fp-I-sf
C-´y-bn P-\m-[n-]-
Xy-¯n-sâ A-Xn-{]k-cw sXm-gnÂcwKs¯ A-¨S¡w Ip-d-bv¡p¶p≠v. F-¶m ssN-\-bn I-½yq-Wn-Ìv `-c-W-¯n-sâ Io-gn sXm-gn Nn-«-bpÅ-Xpw A-¨-S-¡-ap-Å-Xpw -D-¯-c-hm-Zn-Xz-ap-Å-Xpam-Ip-¶ Im-gv-N-bmWv. D-Zm-l-c-W-am-bn R-§-fpsS bq-Wn-äv Xp-S-§p-hm³ A-hn-sS-bp-Å {]-tZ-in-I K-h¬-saâ v kw-hn-[mtPmÀ-Pv t]mÄ \w hen-b k-lm-bw am-t\-Pnw-Kv U-b-dÎÀ sN-bv-Xn-cp¶p. ^mÎ-dn kn-s´-bv-äv {Kq-¸v Xp-S-§n-b-t¸mÄ apX A-hn-sS- Hm-^okn-t\m-Sv tNÀ-¶v I½yq-Wn-kv-äv ]m À-«n-bpsS H-cp Hm-^okv {]-hÀ-¯n-¡p-¶p≠v. am-k¯nsemcn-¡n A-hÀ tbm-Kw tN-cp-Ibpw I¼-\n sXm-gn-em-fn-IÄ¡pw ]-cn-Øn-Xn¡pw h-cp-¯p-¶ {]-iv-\-§-sf-¡p-dn-¨p NÀ-¨ sN-¿pI-bpw sN-¿p¶p. sXm-gn-em-fn-I-fp-sS A-]-cym-]v-X-X-Ifpw NÀ-¨ sN-¿p¶p. C-Xp hf-sc B-tcm-Ky-I-cam-b {]-h-W-X-bm-Wv. F-¶m tI-c-f-¯n-se bq-Wn-b³ t\-XrXzw ]-Wnsb-Sp-¡m-sX sXm-gn-Â{]-iv-\-§Ä kr-ãn-¨v D-]-Poh\w I-gn-¡p-I-bmWv. ssN-\-bn ]-c-amh-[n ka-bw sXm-gn-en-\m-bn {]-tbm-P-\-s¸-Sp-¯p-t¼mÄ C-hn-sS Xn-cn-¨mWv. C¯-cw at\m-`m-h-§Ä am-dnbmte \-ap¡p ]p-tcm-K-Xn-bp-≠mIp. am-{X-aà tI-c-f-¯n-sâ D¸-m-Z\£-aX-sb ]n-t¶m-«p \-S-¯p-¶ t{S-Uv bqWn-b³ kw-kv-Im-cw CÃm-Xm-tI-≠ Imew A-Xn-{Ian¨p. t{S-Uv bq-Wn-b-\p-IÄ-¡v ]I-cw H-cp ssl-]-hÀ I-½n-än sIm-≠p-h-cWw. sXm-gn-em-fn-IÄ-¡pw \n-b-ahn-Z-Kv[À-¡pw kÀ-¡m-cn\pw ap-XÂ-ap-S-¡p-¶-hÀ¡pw Xp-ey {]m-Xn-\n-[y-ap-Å H-cp I-½nän. A-hn-sS-bm-IWw {]-iv-\-]-cn-lm-c \-S-]-SnIÄ. G-Xp hn-j-b-¯nepw Cu I-½n-än--¡v kXz-c Xo-cp-am-\w ssI-s¡m-Åp-hm³ km-[n-¨m sXm-gn k-a-c-§Ä CÃm-Xm-¡mw. C³skâ vn-hv, t_mW-kv kw-hn-[m-\§fpw I¼-\n-bn GÀ-s¸-Sp-¯m-hp-¶XmWv. FaÀ-PnMv tIcf t amÀ¨v 2014
fÀ-¨ F-t§m«v? 2022Hm-sS ]-cn-io-en-¸n-¨p ]p-d-¯n-d-¡p-hm-\p-Å {i-a-§Ä \-S-¯p-¶p≠v. ]-t£, A-Xv F-{X-t¯m-fw {]m-tbm-Kn-I-amsW-¶-Xm-Wv tNmZyw. C-´y³ hn-ZymÀ-°n k-aq-l-¯n-se 80 i-X-am-\w h-cp¶-h-cpw 20 i-X-am-\w t]-sc am{Xw DÄ-s¡m-Åm³ ]-cym]v-Xamb (tUm-Î-À, F³-Pn-\obÀ) ta-J-e-I-fn-te¡m-Wv Däp-t\m-¡p-¶-Xv. sXm-gn-e-\p-k-cn-¨v th-X-\-sa-¶ k-¦Â-¸-w C-Xphgn A-«n-a-dn-¡-s¸-Sp¶p. ]-tcm-£-ambn D¸m-Z-\-£a-X-sb _m-[n-¡p-Ibpw sN-¿p¶p. 2020 G-I-tZ-iw 56.5 an-ey¬ hn-Z-Kv[ sXm-gn-em-fn-I-fp-sS Ipd-hv cm-Py-¯p-≠mIp-sa-¶m-Wv A-Sp-¯n-sS \-S-¶ ]T-\-§Ä kq-Nn-¸n-¡p¶Xv. hnhn-[ ta-J-e-I-fn-se km-[y-X-IÄ h-fÀ-¯ns¡m≠pw hy-à-am-¡n-s¡m-≠pw \-½p-sS ]p-XpX-e-apd-sb FÃm¯cw tPm-en-I-fnte¡pw Xn-cn-¨p-hn-Sp-hm³ km-[n-¨m sXmgnenÃm-bv-a ]-cn-l-cn-¡p-hm\pw D¸m-Z-\£-a-X-bpw ss\-]p-Wyhpw D-bÀ-¯p-hm\pw km-[n-¡pw. kÀ-¡m-ÀX-e-¯n H-cp ka-{K-amb hn-Zym-`ym-k \-bw kr-ãn-¡p-¶-Xn-eq-sS sXmgnÂcwK-¯v {In-bm-ß-Iamb C-S-s]-S-ep-IÄ \-S-¯p-hm³ km-[n-¨m sXm-gnÂta-J-e-bn-se C-´y³ {]-iv-\-§Ä H-cp ]-Xn-äm-≠v sIm-≠v t\-scbm-Ipw. kv-In sU-he -- ]v-saâ v ]²Xn ^-e-h-¯mIp-I-bm-sW-¦n cm-Py-¯n-\v a-\p-jy-hn-`-hti-jnbp-sS I-cp-X ti-J-c-ap-≠m-Ip-Ibpw, cm-Py-¯n-sâ am\-h-hn-`-h-tijn-bv¡v B-tKm-f amÀ-¡-än h³ Un-am³-Up-≠m-Ip-I-bpw sN-¿pw.
tI-c-f-¯n a-\p-jyhn-`-h-¯n-sâ km-[y-X-IÄ sNm-Æ-bn sN-¶m-epw A-hn-sS a-e-bm-fn-bp-sS Nm-b-¡S-bp-≠m-Ip-sa-¶m-Wv Ifn-samgn. a-e-bm-fn-bp-ssS sXm-gnÂkm-¶n[yw A-{XI-≠v hn-]p-e-amWv. {]-hm-kw A-\p-jvTn¨pw temI-s¯ ]-cn-N-nX-aÃm-¯ ]-e Im-em-hØ-I-tfm-Sp ]-S-sh-«n-bpw kz-]v-\ku-[-§-Ä sI-«n-bpbÀ-¯p-¶ \n-]p-W-X-bpÅ ssI-I-fpw Nn-´m-ti-jn-bp-Å a-kv-Xn-jvI-§-fp-am-Wv \ap¡p-ÅXv. a-äp kw-Øm-\-§-fp-am-bn Xm-c-Xayw sN-¿p-t¼mÄ tk-h-\ ta-J-e-bn hf-sc D-bÀ-¶ {In-bmß-IXbpw \mw {]-I-S-am-¡p-¶p≠v. _m-¦nw-Kv cw-K-am-Wv sXm-gnÂ-£-a-X-bn ap¼n \n Â-¡p-¶-sX-¶m-Wv s]m-Xp-th-bp-Å hn-e-bn-cp¯Â. sF-Sn cw-K-¯n-\v sSIv-t\m-]mÀ-¡n-eq-sS H-cp \-hamXr-I h-bv-¡m-\m-sb-¦nepw DXv¸m-Z\£-aXbn tI-cf tam-U A-{X \Ã-Xm-sW-¶v ] c-s¡ A-`n-{]m-b-anÃ. ]-s£ \n-e-hn-se km-lc-N-cy-§-fn \mw G-sd ]n¶n«p \nÂ-¡p¶-Xv \nÀam-W ta-J-e-bn-epw D-¸m-Z-\ ta-J-e-bnep-am-Wv. \nÀam-WcwK-¯v D-¯-tc-´y-¡mÀ {]-tXyIn-¨v _w-Km-fn-IÄ B hnS-hv \n-I-¯p-t¼mÄ D-¸m-Z-\ ta-J-e ]-S-h-e-§ t]m-se Xm-tg-¡v h-f-cp-I-bm-Wv \mw. a-äv cm-Py-§-fp-tS-Xp-ambn Xm-c-Xayw sN-¿p-t¼mÄ hf-sc Ip-dª D¸m-Z-\-£-a-X-bm-Wv \ FaÀ-Pn-Mv tIcf t amÀ¨v 2014
ap-¡pÅXvv. tI-c-f-¯n-se D¸m-Z-\-£-a-X- Ip-d-bp-¶-Xn-sâ Im-c-W-§Ä I-s≠-¯n-bm am-{X-sa ]-cn-lm-cw km-[y-amIp-I-bpÅp.
Im-cy-Im-c-W-§-fn-te-¡v... bq-Wn-b-\p-I-fp-sS {]-hÀ¯\w tI-c-f-¯n-sâ sXm-gnÂta-Je-sb {]-[m-\-ambpw c-≠mbn X-cwXn-cn-¡mw. kw-L-S-\-I-fp-sS Io-gn sXm-gn-seSp-¡p-¶-hÀ, I-cm-À A-Sn-Øm-\-¯n A-kw-L-Sn-X-cmbn sXm-gn-se-Sp-¡p-¶hÀ. C-S-Xp-]-£-hpw h-e-Xp-]-£hpw am-dnam-dn `-cn-¡p-¶Xp-sIm-≠p X-s¶ Cu cm-{ão-b {]-kvYm-\-§-fp-sS sXm-gn-em-fn kw-L-S-\-Ifpw tI-c-f-¯n i-à-amWv. kn-sF-Sn-bp, F-sF-Sn-bpkn, sFF³-Sn-bp-kn, _n-FwFkv Xp-S§n-b bq-Wn-b-\p-I-fp-sS Io-gn A-Wn-\nc-¡p¶ sXm-gn-em-fn-I-fm-Wv H-cp hn-`mKw. a-säm-¶v I-cmÀ hy-h-Ø-bnepw AÃm-sXbpw bq-Wnb-sâ `m-K-am-Im¯ sXm-gn-em-fn k-aq-l-hpw. bq-Wnb-sâ `m-K-am-bn {]-hÀ-¯n¡p-t¼mÄ D¸m-Z-\£aX Ip-d-bp-¶p-sh-s¶m-cp hn-aÀ-i-\ap-≠v. kw-L-S-\-bnepÅ-Xn-\m sXm-gn \-ã-s¸-Sp-I-bnà F¶ kp-c-£n-Xt_m-[y-¯n tPmen-tbm-Sp B-ßmÀ-°-X
tI-c-f-¯n-se sXm-gn-
em-fn-IÄ¡v D-¸m-Z\£-a-X Ip-d-hm-sW-¶v FÃm-h-cpw ]-d-bp-sa-¦nepw ho KmÀ-Un-s\ A-Xp _m-[n-¨n-«nà F-¶p X-s¶ ]-d-bmw. tI-c-f-¯n-epÅ sXm-gn-em-fn-IÄ-¡v a-äp-Åh-cp-am-bn Xm-c-Xayw sN¿p-t¼m-Ä hn-Zym-`ym-kw, A-hImi t_m[w, F-¶nh-sbÃmw Iq-Sp-X-emWv. A-Xn-\m Ah-sc \à co-Xn-bn ssI-Imcyw sNsIm-¨u-tk-¸v ¿Ww. B-ßm-`n-am-\-¯n-\v Nn-än-e-¸nfn G-sd {]m-[m\yw \-Â-Ip¶-h-cm-sW-¶p-ÅXpw {i-²n-t¡-≠n-bn-cn-¡p¶p. D-¯-tc-´y-bn A-Sn-a-I-sf-t]m-se ]-Wn sN-¿p¶h-sc Im-Wm³ km-[n-¡pw. F-¶m tI-c-f-¯n A§-s\ {]-Xo-£n-t¡-≠. sa-¨-s¸-« Pohn-X km-lN-cy-§Ä H-cp¡n-s¡m-≠v Ah-sc kw-c-£n-¡p-¶p F-¶ t_m-[w kr-ãn-t¡-≠-Xp≠v, F-¶m am-{X-sa A-h-cn \n-¶v an-I-¨ D-Xv-]m-Z-\£-a-X e-`n¡p. ho KmÀ-Uv I-¼-\n-bp-sS A©p i-X-am\w Hm-l-cn tPmen-¡mÀ-¡v \Â-In-bn-cn-¡p-I-bmWv. C-Xv sXm-gn-em-fnþ ap-X-em-fn thÀ-Xn-cn-hv CÃm-Xm-¡p-¶p≠v. bq-Wn-b³ {]-hÀ-¯-\-§Ä R-§-fp-sS I-¼-\n-I-fn A-\p-h-Zn¡-s¸-Sp-¶nÃ. am-t\-Pv-saâpw Po-h-\-¡m-cpw X-½n A-IÂ-¨ CÃm-¯-Xn-\m Im-cyam-b {]-iv-\-§Ä CÃ.
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IhÀtÌmdn ]p-eÀ-¯p-¶nà F-¶p-Å-Xm-Wv C-Xn-\p Im-c-Wam-bn ]-d-bp¶-Xv. tI-c-f-¯n-se {]-[m-\-s¸-« H-cp k-lI-c-W Øm-]-\-¯n Zn-hktPm-en-¡p \n-¶ H-cp Po-h\-¡mc-sâ hm-¡p-I-Ä I-S-sa-Sp-¯m Im-cy-§-Ä Iq-Sp-X hy-à-am-Ipw. ""bq-Wn-b³ eo-UÀ-amÀ sN-t¿-≠ ]-Wnbpw R-§Ä sN-¿Ww, A-bm-fpsS Iq-sS-bp-Å-h-cpw sam-ss_-en ]m-«p tI«pw I-Y-]-dªpw C-cn-¡pw, tNm-Zyw sN-¿p-hm³ t]mepw km-[n-¡p-I-bnÃ. \n-§Ä I-cm-dp-Im-ctÃ, \n-§fpw H-cp Znh-kw Øn-c-am-Ipw, A-¶nXpt]m-se sNbv-tXm-fq-sh¶ A-l-¦m-cw \n-d-ª a-dp-]-Sn-bmIpw tNmZyw sN-bv-Xm In-«p-I.'' ap-I-fn C-cn-¡p-¶-hÀ-¡p t]mepw Cu t\-Xm¡-Ä-s¡-Xn-scbpw knÂ_-´n-I-Ä-s¡-Xn-scbpw \-S]-Sn F-Sp-¡p-hm³ km-[n-¡m-dnÃ. kz-Im-cy I-¼-\n-I-fn bq-Wn-b³ t\-Xm-¡³amÀ thsdm-cp co-Xn-bm-Wv A-h-ew-_n-¡p-¶-Xv. ]-Wnap-S-¡p-IÄ \S-¯n D-S-a-sb km-¼-¯n-I-am-bn X-fÀ-¯p-I-sb-¶-Xm-Wv hnZy. G-sd ap-XÂapS¡n-b D-S-a-bv-¡v sXm-gnÂ{]-iv-\-§Ä ]-cn-l-cn¡m-sX ap-t¶m-«pt]m-Ip-hm³ km-[n-¡p-I-bnà F-¶XpsIm-≠p X-s¶ bq-Wn-b³ t\-Xm¡-sf ]n-W-¡m-sX C-cn-¡pw. C-Xv ap-X-se-Sp-¯p Po-hn¡p-¶-h-cm-Wv t\-Xm-¡Ä F-¶m-Wv hy-hkm-b t\-XrXzw H-¶S-¦w ]-d-bp-¶Xv. kw-L-S-\-IfpsS `m-K-am-Im-sX {]-hÀ-¯n-¡p-¶ Po-h-\-¡mÀ-¡v a-äp Po-h-\-¡m-tc-¡mÄ 40 i-X-am-\w D-¸m-Z-\£-a-X Iq-Sp-Xem-sW-¶pw dn-t¸mÀ«pIÄ hy-àam-¡p-¶p.
kmt¦-Xn-I-hn-Zy ]-c-amh-[n {]-tbm-P-\-s¸-Sp¯nbpw sXm-gn-em-fn-IÄ¡v Ir-Xyam-b C-Sth-f-I-fn ]-cn-ioe-\w \Â-In-bpw H-cp ]pXnb sXm-gnÂ- kw-kv-Im-cw cq-]-s¸-Sp-t¯≠-Xp≠v. C-tX-¡p-dn-¨v sXm-gn-em-fn-I-tfbpw ap-XÂ-ap-S-¡p-¶-h-tcbpw t_m-[-h-Xv-¡-cn¨v DÂ-¸m-Z-\£-a-X hÀ-[n-¸n-¡p-¶-Xn-\m-bn Hcp k-a-b-_-Ôn-X-]²-Xn \-S-¸nÂ-h-cp-¯nbmÂ, an-I-¨ am-\h-hn-`-h-ti-jnbpw sXmgnÂ-ssh-Z-Kv-[yhp-ap-Å tI-c-f-¯nsâ D¸m-Z-\£-a-X A-©p-hÀ-jw sIm-≠v C-´y³ i-cm-i-cn-tb-¡mÄ ap-I-fn-se-¯n-¡m-sa-¶v hn-Z-Kv-[À A-`n-{]m-b-s¸-Sp¶p. kÀ-¡mÀ-X-e¯nepw C³-kv{Sn A-tkm-kn-tb-j-\p-I-fp-sS t\-Xr-Xz-¯nepw C-Xn-\p-Å {i-aw D-≠m-I-Wsa-¶m-Wv F-aÀ-PnMv tI-c-fbv-¡v ]-d-bm\pÅXv
kÀ-¡m-cn-se Np-h-¸p-\m-S, A-gn-aXn, I-cmÀ Po-h-\-¡mÀ tI-c-f-¯n-se sXm-gn-em-fn-I-fn G-ähpw Ip-dª D¸m-Z-\-£-a-X-bpÅ-Xv kÀ-¡mÀ Po-h-\-¡mÀ¡m-b-n-cn-¡p-sa-¶m-Wv s]m-Xp-sh-bpÅ hn-e-bn-cp-¯Â. ho-¡n-en-IÄ hm-bn-¡p-hm-\m-Wv Po-h-\-¡mÀ Hm-^n-kn F-¯p-¶-sX-¶mWv ]-ecpw C-h-sc H-cp Im-e¯v I-fnbm-¡n-bn-cp-¶-Xv. F-¶m hn-h-cm-hmIm-i \n-bahpw a-äp s]m-Xp-P-\m-hIm-i \n-b-a-§-fpw h-¶-tXm-sS Cu A-hØ-bv-¡v am-äw h-¶n«p≠v. F-¶n-cp-¶m-epw ]qÀ-Wam-b AÀ-°-¯n H-cp am-äw F-¶n-Xn-s\ hn-h-£n-¡p-hm³ km-[n-¡p-I-bnÃ. ssI-¡q-en sIm-Sp-¯m A-h-cp-sS D¸m-Z-\-£-a-X- hÀ[n-¡p-sa-¶m-Wv X-am-i-cq-]-¯n H-cp hy-h-km-bn CXn-t\mSp {]-Xn-I-cn-¨-Xv. ssI-a-S¡v In-«n-bm-te ]-Wn sN-¿p-I-bp-Åq-sh¶ im-Ty-¯n-te-¡v H-cp-hn-`m-Kw Po-h-\-¡mÀ am-ä-s¸-«pI-gn-ªp. kÀ-¡mÀ Po-h-\-¡m-cp-sS D¸m-Z-\-£-a-X- Ip-dbv-¡p-¶-Xn-\p a-säm-cp {][m-\ Imc-Ww I-cmÀ-Po-h-\¡m-sc sXm-gn-em-fn-I-fm-bn \n-a-bn-¡p-¶-XmWv. tI-{µ kÀ-¡m-cn-sâbpw kwØm-\ kÀ-¡m-cn-sâbpw Io-gn {]-h-À-¯n-¡p¶ t_mÀ-Up-I-fn-emWv Cu {]-h-W-X cq£-am-bn I-≠p-h-cp-¶-Xv. I-cmÀ hy-h-Ø-bn \n-tbm-Kn¡p-¶ hy-àn-bp-sS ssh-Im-cnIX ap-X-se-Sp-¡p-I-bm-Wv C-hÀ. C¶pw Nne t_mÀ-Up-I-fn sN-bÀ-am³ Øm-\¯n-cn-¡p-¶-hÀ-¡v \nb-a-\ A-h-Im-iw D-s≠-¶-Xm-Wv Cu Io-gvh-g-¡w kr-ãn-¡p-¶Xv. A-hn-sS B-dp-am-kw IcmÀ hy-h-Ø-bn tPm-en sNbv-X H-cp Po-h-\-¡mc-sâ hm-¡p-IÄ ""\n\-¡p C-hn-sS \-sÃm-cp `m-hn-bp-≠v, Cu tPm-en-IÄ Iq-sS sN-bv-Xm Øn-c-am-¡p-hm³ sN-bÀamt\m-Sv Rm³ ip-]mÀ-i sN-¿mw F-s¶Ãmw ]d-ªv
Nn-e-sc-¯pw. CXn-eq-sS A-À-°-am-¡p¶-Xv C-{X-am-{Xw, F-sâ ]-Wn-Iq-sS \o sN-bv-tXm-fp A-sÃ-¦n \o Øn-cam-InÃm-sb-¶mWv''. C¯-cw Øm-]-\-§-fn-se sN-bÀam³ t]m-kv-än C-cn-¡p-¶-hcpw C-Xn-\p au-\m-\p-hm-Zw \Â-Ip-¶p F-¶-Xm-Wv c-k-I-cam-b kwKXn. kÀ-¡mÀ Po-h-\-¡m-cn X-s¶ G-ähpw Ip-dª D¸m-Z-\-£-a-X-bmWv Cu C-¯nÄ-¡-®nIÄ-¡v F-¶v ]-dmb-sX h-¿. C-Xn-t\m-sSm-¸w X-s¶ \nÂ-¡p-¶ a-säm-cp Im-cy-amWv kÀ-¡mÀ kw-hn-[m-\-§Ä kzIm-cy B-h-iy-§Ä-¡v D-]-tbm-Kn¡p-I F-¶Xv. C-Xv D¸m-Z-\-£-a-X- Ipd-hv F-¶-Xn-s\-¡mÄ sXm-gn-te \-S-¡p-¶nà F-¶- A-h-Øbn-te-¡v ]-e-t¸mgpw am-dp¶p. tI-c-f-¯n-se IÀ-j-I-cpsS B-h-iy-§Ä \-S-¸n-em-t¡≠ k-À-¡mÀ kw-hn-[m\-¯n-se Hcp D-b-À-¶ D-tZym-K-س ta-e-[n-Im-cn-bp-sS a-IÄ-¡v ]Tn-¡p-hm³ B-h-iyam-b ]p-kvX-Iw A-t\z-jn¨p \-S-¡p-¶ Im-gv-N-bm-Wv I-gn-ª Znhkw Im-tW-≠n h-¶-Xv. sXm-gnseSp-t¡-≠ k-a-b-am-Wv C-¯-c¯n-ep-Å hy-àn-K-X Xm-¸-cy§Ä-¡m-bn am-änh-bv-¡-s¸-Sp-¶Xv. C-¯-c-¯n-ep-Å Ip-¯-gnª H-cp kÀ-¡mÀ amXr-I tIc-f-¯n-ep-Å-Xm-Wv a-äp sXm-gn-em-fn-Ifpw ]mTam¡p¶-Xv F-¶Xp-sIm-≠v D¸m-Z-\-£-a-X- D-bÀ-¯p-hm³ th-≠ B-Zy-\-S-]-Sn-IÄ kÀ-¡mÀX-e-¯n \n-¶v B-cw-`n-¡Ww. Ir-Xy-am-bn sXm-gn Hm-Un-änw-Kv \S-¯n Ch-sc t\-tc-bm-t¡-≠-Xp≠v. A-Xv FÃm sXm-gn-em-fn-IÄ¡pw H-cp am-Xr-I-bm-bn-cn-¡pw.
km-t¦Xn-Ihn-Zy-bp-sS A-]-cym-]vX-X km-t¦-Xn-Ihn-Zy C-¶v G-sd h-fÀ¨ {]m-]n-s¨-¦n-epw
tI-c-f-¯n sXm-gn-se-Sp-¡p-¶-h-cp-sSbpw ]p-dwcm-
Py-§-fn t]m-bn sXm-gn-se-Sp-¡p-¶-h-cp-tSbpw D¸m-Z-\ £-a-X Xm-c-X-ay-s¸-Sp-¯p-t¼mÄ C-hn-Sp-s¯ DÂ-¸m-Z-\-£aX Ip-d-hm-Wv. F-¶m a-äv kw-Øm-\§-fp-am-bn Xm-c-X-ay-s¸-Sp-¯p-t¼mÄ \-½p-sS sXm-gnem-fn-I-fp-sS DÂ-¸m-Z-\£-a-X D-bÀ-¶n-cn-¡p-¶p-sh-¶v a-\-kn-em-¡m³ I-gn-bpw. {i-²n-¡-s¸-tS-≠ h-kv-Xp-XIfn-sem¶v C-hn-sS [m-cm-fw A-\y-kwØm\ sXm-gn-emfn-I-sf-¯p-¶p-≠v. ]t£, \-½p-sS \m-«n-se ]-≠pÅ sXm-gn-em-fn-I-fp-sS DÂ-¸m-Z-\-£a-X-tbm-fw C-sX-¯p¶nÃ. c-≠m-a-Xm-bn kw-Øm-\-¯n-sâ sam-¯w DÂ-¸mZ-\£-a-X- I-W-¡m-¡m³ H-cp sXm-gn-em-fn-bpsS DÂ-¸mZ-\£-a-X-bp-sS i-X-am-\hpw s{]m-U-În-hn-än tIm-Ìpw Pn hn-P-b-cm-Lh³ t\m-¡pw. A-§s\-sbm-cp IW-¡v t\m-¡p-t¼mÄ kwØm-\ B-kq{XW tI-c-f-¯nse DÂ-¸m-Z-\ £-a-X ]-≠p-≠m-bn-cp-¶-Xnt_mÀ-Uv AwKw t\-¡mÄ hf-sc Ip-dªn-«p-≠v. s]m-Xp-th C-´y-bn DÂ-¸m-Z-\£-a-X Ip-d-hmWv. A-Xpt]m-se X-s¶ tI-cf-¯n-se ]-e Ø-e-§-fn-epw C-Xv Ip-d-hm-Wv. sF-Sn ta-Je t\m-¡p-t¼mÄ H-cp sXm-gn-em-fn-bn \n¶pw I¼-\n¡v In«p¶ h-cp-am-\-am-Wv DÂ-¸m-Z-\-£-a-X-bm-bn I-W-¡m-¡p-¶Xv. A-hn-sS H-cp A-´m-cm-{ã Xm-c-X-ay-s¸-Sp-¯em-Wv th-≠-Xv. tI-c-f-¯n-ep-Å-hÀ ]-ecpw Hm-hÀ ssSw hÀ-¡v
26
A-Xn-sâ {]-tbm-K-¯n C-´y H-cp 20 hÀ-jhpw tI-c-fw H-cp 25 hÀ-j-hpw ]n-¶n-em-sW-¶m-Wv hn-Z-Kv-[À ]-d-bp-¶Xv. km-t¦-Xn-Ihn-Zy-bp-sS {]m-tbmKnIX-e-¯n-ep-Å D-]-tbm-K-s¯-¡p-dn-¨p a-e-bm-fn-IÄ a-äp-Å-h-sc-¡mÄ A-Ú-cmsW-¶-Xm-Wv k-Xyw. Im-em-\p-kr-X-am-bn \-½p-sS hy-h-km-bim-e-IÄ H-¶pw ]-cnjv-I-cn-¡-s¸-Sp-¶nÃ. B-[p\n-I kw-hn-[m\-§Ä ]-e-t¸m-gpw tI-c-f-¯nse-¯p¶Xv G-sd \m-fp-IÄ ]n-¶n-«-Xn-\p-ti-jw am-{X-am-bn-cn-¡pw. h³-In-S hy-hkm-b im-e-IÄ C¯-cw km-t¦-Xn-Ihn-Zy-I-fnte-¡v tN-t¡-dp-¶p-s≠-¦nepw sN-dp-InS-Øm-]-\-§Ä km-t¦Xn-I hn-Zy-¡m-bn ]Ww apS-¡m³ X-¿m-dà F-¶-Xm-Wv Im-cyw. tI-c-f-¯n-se ]-e sN-dpIn-S I-¼-\nIfpw G-ähpw D-bÀ-¶ km-t¦-Xn-Ihn-Zybm-bn I-W-¡m-¡p¶-Xv I-w]yq-«-dm-sW¶v A-dn-bp-t¼m-gmWv Cu ta-J-e-bn \-½p-sS ip-jv-Im-h-Ø-sb-¡p-dn-¨p [m-c-W D-≠m-IpI. hn-h-c km-t¦-Xn-IhnZy-bp-sS km-[y-X-IÄ- ap-X-se-Sp-¡p-hm³ A£-b-t]m-ep-Å tI-{µ-§Ä kÀ-¡mÀ B-cw-`n-s¨-¦nepw sXm-gn-em-fn-IÄ C-Xv ^-e-{]-Z-ambn D-]-tbm-K-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶nÃ. D¸m-Z-\-£-a-X- D-bÀ-t¯≠-Xv ap-Xem-fn-bp-sS am{Xw B-h-iy-am-sW-¶v I-cp-Xp¶ sXm-gn a-t\m-`m-h-am-Wv ] T-\-¯n-\p X-S-k-am-Ip-¶Xv. X-§-fp-sS \n-e-\nÂ-¸n\pw C-Xv A-Xym-h-iy-am-sW¶v sXm-gn-em-fn-Ifpw a-\-kn-em-t¡-≠n-bncn-¡p-¶p.
sXm-gn kw-kv-Im-c-¯n-sâ A-`mhw tI-c-f-¯n-te-Xv k-hnti-j km-l-N-cy-am-sW-¶m-Wv ]-ecpw ]-e-t¸mgpw ]-d-bmdpfXv. sXm-gnÂcw-K¯pw Cu {]-tbmKw D-]-tbm-Kn-¡p-¶-Xn sX-änà F-¶p tXm¶p-¶p. k-a-c-§-fp-sS k-hnti-j km-l-Ncyw \n-e-\n Â-¡p-¶ H-cp kw-kv-Im-c-am-Wv \-ap-¡p-Å-Xv. sXm-gn k-a-c-§-Ä D-≠m-Inà F-¶ D-d-¸n³-ta B-cw-`n-¨ sat{Sm sd-bven-sâ \nÀam-W {]-hÀ-¯-\-§sf-t¸m-epw _m[n-¡p¶ sXm-gn {]-iv-\-§Ä-¡m-Wv sIm-¨n km£yw h-ln-¨Xv. hÃmÀ-]m-Sw sSÀ-an-\-enepw Im-cy-§Ä hy-Xykv-XaÃ. tI-c-f-¯n-se H-cp kp-K-Ô-hy-RvP-\ I¼-\n X-§-fp-sS 80 i-X-am-\w hy-h-km-bhpw a-äp kw-Øm-\§-fn-te¡v am-äm-\p≠m-b km-l-N-cyhpw sXm-gnÂkacw X-s¶. l-À-¯m-ep-Ifpw k-a-c-§fpw ]-e-t¸mgpw aebm-fnI-sf a-Sn-b-·mÀ B-¡p-¶p≠v. lÀ-¯m B-tLm-j-am-bn sIm-≠m-Sp-¶ co-Xn-bmWv tI-c-f-¯nsâ C-t¸mgs¯ im-]-§fn-sem¶v. Ir-Xyamb sXm-gn ka-b-tam, co-Xn-Itfm CÃm-¯-Xpw ]n-´p-S-cm-¯-Xpw sXm-gnÂ-ta-Je-sb ]n-t¶m-«p \-bn-¡p-¶ Im-c-W-§fnsem-¶mWv.
h-cp-am-\-s¯ a-dn-I-S-¡p¶ sNehv aäp cm-Py-§-fp-am-bn Xm-c-Xayw sN-¿p-t¼mÄ C-´ybn-se Po-hn-X-s¨-ehv I-gn-ª Ipd-¨p Im-e-§Ä-¡pÅn {I-a-mXo-X-am-bn hÀ[n-¨p-sIm-≠n-cn¡pbmWv. F-¶m D-bÀ¶ D¸m-Z-\-£-a-X- \n-e-\nÂ-¡p-¶
sN-¿p-¶p-s≠-¶v ]-d-bp-¶p-s≠-¦nÂ-t¸mepw sF-Sn ta-J-e-bn-se D¸m-Z-\-£-a-X d-h\yp s]À Fw-t¹m-bn t\m-¡p-t¼mÄ BtKm-f-\n-e-hm-c¯n-se-¯p-¶nÃ. A-Xv tk-h-\-ta-J-e-bn-em-bmepw DÂ-¸m-Z-\ ta-J-ebn-em-bmÂ-t¸m-epw. sF-Sn ta-J-ebn tkm-jy ao-Un-b-bp-sS I-S-¶p-I-b-äw DÂ-¸m-Z-\-£-aX-sb _m-[n-¨n-«p-s≠¶v ]-d-bp-¶-Xv ip-² A-kw-_-Ô-amWv. D¸m-Z-\-£-a-X hÀ-[n-¸n-¡m³ am-t\-Pvsatâm a-äpÅ-h-tcm Ir-Xy-am-b ]T-\w \-S-¯p-I-bm-Wv th-≠Xv. A-Xn³-{]-Im-cw a-äp Ø-e-§-fn-se s{]m-U-În-hn-än-bp-am-bn H-cp Xm-c-Xayw A-Xym-h-iy-amWv. B co-Xn-bn Im-cy-§Ä a-\-kn-em-¡n \-S-¸n-em-¡p-I-bm-Wv th-≠-Xv. D¸m-Z-\-£-a-X hÀ[n-¸n-¡m³ am-ä-§tfm B-[p-\n-I-h-Xv-I-c-Wtam th-≠n h-t¶-¡mw. A-Xv am-t\-Pv-saâ v \-S-¸n-em-¡n sXm-gn-em-fn-IÄ-¡v Ir-Xyam-b ]-cn-ioe-\-§Ä \Â-IWw. ]-ecpw ssN-\-bn-se DÂ-¸m-Z-\ £-a-X-bp-am-bn tI-cf-s¯ Xm-c-Xayw sN-¿m-dp≠v. A-sXm-cn-¡epw ]m-Sn-sÃ-¶ A-`n-{]m-b-¡m-c-\m-Wv Rm³. tI-c-f-hp-am-bn«Ã, C-´y-bp-am-bn-«v t]mepw ssN\-sb Xm-c-X-ay-s¸-Sp-¯-cpXv. Ahn-sS \-S-¡p-¶ ]-e Im-cy-§fpw H-cn-¡epw \-ap-¡v k-¦Â-¸n-¡m³ t]mepw ]-äm¯ X-c-¯n-ep-Å-XmWv. A-hn-sS sXm-gn-em-fn-IÄ-¡v kpc-£m {I-ao-I-cW-§-tfm, ku-I-cy-§-tfm, sXm-gn \n-ba-§tfm H¶pw X-s¶-bnÃ. A-hn-sS I-½yq-Wn-kv-äv `-c-W-am-sW-¦nÂ-t]mepw H-cp A-Sn-a¯ sXm-gn kw-kv-Im-c-am-Wv \-S¶p-sIm-≠ncn-¡p-¶Xv. A¯-c-sam-cp A-h-Ø \-½p-sS i-{Xp-¡Ä-¡v t]mepw h-c-cp-sX-¶ {]mÀ-°-\bpw Rm-\n-hn-sS ]-¦phbv-¡p¶p. tIc-fw H-cn-¡epw ssN-\-bn-se kwkv-Im-cw ]n-´p-S-ccpXv. DÂ-¸m-Z-\£-a-X Ip-d-hm-sW-¦n-Â-t¸mepw \-½p-sS sXm-gnem-fn-I-fp-sS A-h-Im-i-§Ä `q-cn-`m-Khpw C-hnsS kw-c-£n-¡-s¸-Sp-¶p≠v. FaÀ-PnMv tIcf t amÀ¨v 2014
cm-Py-§-fn sN-e-hp-I-fn `o-a-am-bn hÀ-[\-hv D-≠mIp-¶nÃ. FÃp ap-dn-sb ]-Wn-sb-Sp-¯m ]Ãp-ap-dn-sb Xn¶mw F-¶ ]-g-sam-gn C-t¸mÄ ]-Xn-cm-bn am-dn. F-{X ]-Wn-sb-Sp-¯mepw Po-hn-X-s¨-e-hp-IÄ \n-b-{´n-¡p-hm³ km-[n-¡p-¶nÃ. CXv sXm-gn-se-Sp-¡p-hm-\p-Å ti-jn Ip-d-bv¡p-Ibpw am-\kn-I ]n-cn-ap-dp-¡w kr-ãn-¡p-Ibpw sN-¿p¶p. D¸m-Z-\-£-a-Xb -- pw _m-[n-¡s¸Sp-¶p. \à A-SnØm-\ ku-I-cyw, s{]-mtamj³, D-b-À-¶ th-X\w, ]-cn-io-e\w, a-äp ku-I-cy-§Ä F-¶n-h \Â-Ip-hm³ km-[n-¨m sXm-gn-em-fn-I-fp-sS am-\kn-I ]n-cn-ap-d-¡w Ip-d-bv-¡p-¶-Xn\pw A-Xn-eqsS D¸m-Z-\-£-a-X- D-bÀ¯p-hm\pw km-[n-¡pw. bq-Wn-b-\p-IÄ t]mepw {]-thin-¡m³ a-Sn-¡p-¶ co-Xn-bn \-¶m-bn {]-hÀ-¯n-¡p-¶ Np-cp-¡w I-¼-\n-IÄ tI-c-f-¯n-ep-≠v. sXm-gn-em-fn-IÄ¡v th≠-Xv \Â-In-bm A-h-cpw D-¯-c-hm-Zn-Xz-t¯m-sS s]-cp-am-dp-sa-¶m-Wv C-¯-c-¯n hn-P-bn-¨ hy-h-km-bnIÄ ]-d-bp-¶Xv.
tkm-jy ao-Un-b-bp-sS D-]-tbmKw k-ao-]-Ime-¯v C-d§n-b H-cp kn-\n-a-bn 'A-ѳ a-cn-¨n-cp-¶-tÃ, Rm³ sse-¡-Sn-¨n-cp-¶p' F-¶v H-cp I-Ym-]m{Xw ]-d-bp-¶ cw-K-ap≠v. G-sd Nn-cn-¡v h-I-bpÅ Cu cw-K-¯n-eq-sS Im-cy-ambn Nn-´n-t¡-≠ a-säm-cp h-kv-Xp-X-bp-≠v. F-´n-\pw G-Xn\pw tkm-jy ao-Un-bpsS A-Xn-{]-k-c-sa-¶ h-kv-XpX. Kp-W-I-c-am-bn am-tä-≠ H-cp km-t¦-Xn-Ihn-Zy-sb tPm-en k-ab-¯v A-\m-h-iyam-bn D-]-tbm-Kn-¡p¶-Xv D¸m-Z-\-£-a-X- Ip-d-bv-¡p-¶p F-¶m-Wv kÀ-sh dn-t¸mÀ-«p-IÄ kq-Nn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xv. Szn-äÀ, s^-bv-kv-_p-¡v, Kq-KnÄ ¹kv F-¶n-h-bm-Wv C-hn-sS hnó-am-cm-Ip-¶Xv. I-¼-\n-bp-sS B-h-iy-§-Ä-¡m-bn ]-e-t¸m-gpw Cu ku-lr-ZIq-«-§Ä- D-]-tbm-Kn-¡p-hm³ A-\p-h-Zn-¡m-dp-s≠-¦nepw sXm-gn k-a-bw H-gn-hpk-a-bam-¡m-\m-Wv ]-ecpw C-Xv D-]-tbm-K-s¸-Sp-¯p¶Xv.
sXm-gn- ]-cn-io-e-\ co-Xn-IÄ H-cp sXm-gn-em-fn A-bm-fp-sS sXm-gn-en-sâ B-cw-`L-«-¯n H-cp a-Wn-¡qÀ F-Sp-¯v sN-¿p¶ tPm-en ]nÂ-¡me-¯v A-c-a-Wn-¡q-dn-\p-Ån XoÀ-¡p-hm³ km-[n-t¨-¡mw. A-bmÄ-¡v Ir-Xyam-b ]-cn-ioe-\w Iq-Sn C-S-th-f-I-fn \Â-In-bm 25 a-n-\p-änepw A-tX tPm-en sN-¿p-hm³ km-[n-s¨-¶p h-cpw. F-¶m C-Xn-\v B-\p -]m-Xn-I-am-bn i¼-fw ]-e-t¸mgpw D-bÀ-¯m-dnÃ. Im-cWw 25 an-\p-«n sN-¿p-hm³ km-[n-¡p-¶ tPm-en-bm-Wv A-bmÄ C-Xph-sc H-cp a-Wn-¡q-dn sN-bvXp-sIm-≠n-cp¶-Xv. C-t¸mÄ b-YmÀ-° k-a-b-¯n tPm-en sN-bv-Xp F-¶m-Wv I¼-\n hn-iz-kn-¡p-¶Xv. F-¶m sXm-gn-emfn BI-s« C-tX tPm-en H-cp a-Wn-¡q-dn sN-bv-Xm-epw 25 an-\p-«n sN-bv-Xmepw H-tc i¼-fw F-¶p I-cp-Xp¶p. A-Xn-\m H-cp a-Wn-¡q-dn sN-bv-Xm a-Xn-sb-¶ co-Xn-bn-te-¡v am-dp-¶p. kv-In sU-h-e-¸v-saâ v F¶Xv em-`w Iq-«p-¶-Xn-sâ am{Xw `m-K-am-sW¶ sXm-gn k-¦Â-¸hpw D¸m-Z-\-£-a-X-sb Ip-d-bv-¡p-¶p≠v.
{]-hm-kn-I-fp-sS D¸mZ\£-a-X
1990IÄ-¡p ti-j-am-Wv
tI-c-fhpw C-´y-bpw D¸m-Z\-£-a-X F¶ hn-j-b-¯n AÂ-¸w {i-² tI-{µo-I-cn-¨p Xp-S-§p-¶-Xv. D¸m-Z-\-£-a-X h-fÀ-¯p-¶-Xn P-m-¸-\o-kv amXr-I h-f-sc an-I-¨-Xm-Wv. H-cp tPm-en sN-¿p-hm³ th≠ Ipdª kabw I-s≠-¯p-Ibm-Wv B-Zy-]Sn. A-Xv H-¶-c-an\p-«n XoÀ-¡p-hm³ km-[n-¡psa-¶p I-≠m A-Xn-\m-bpÅ ]-cn-ioe-\w \Â-Ipw. F-t§mtKm-]-Ip-amÀ Fkv «p Xn-cnb-Ww F§-s\ \o saw_À, tI-c-f tÌ-äv §-Ww F¶XS-¡w FÃm s{]m-U-În-hn-än Iu¬-kn Im-cy-§fpw ]Tn-¸n-¡p¶p. A-Xn-\p-ti-jw am-{X-sa sXm-gn-en-S-t¯-¡v \n-tbm-Kn-¡p¶pÅp. Hm-t«m-sam-_o cw-K-¯m-Wv P-¸m³ Cu co-Xn \-S-¸n-em-¡p-¶Xv. F-¶m tI-c-f-¯n-emI-s« kv-In sU-h-e-¸-saâm-Wv \-S-¸n-em-¡p-¶Xv. C-Xv ap-X-em-fn-bpsS em-`w Iq-«p-hm-\m-sW-¶ an-Yym-[m-c-W-bn ]-ecpw AXn\v sa-\-s¡-Sm-dnÃm-sb-¶-Xm-Wv k-Xyw. tk-h-\cwK¯v D-]-t`m-àm-hn-sâ B-h-iy-¯n-sâ h-ep-¸-¯n-\p-k-cn¨m-Wv D¸m-Z-\-£-a-X. A-Xv G-dnbpw Ip-d-ªpan-cn-¡pw. ]n-s¶ t{S-Uv bq-Wn-b³ {]-hÀ¯-\w D¸m-Z-\£-a-X Ip-d-bv-¡p-¶p-s≠-¶v ]-d-bm-sX h-¿. F-¶m km£-c-X Iq-S-p¶-Xn-\\p-k-cn-¨v C-Xn-\p am-äw D-≠m-IpI-bmWv. B-tKm-foI-c-W Im-e-L-«-¯n a-Õ-c-¯n-sâ Øn-Xnhn-ti-j-am-Wp-ÅXv. D-¸m-Z-\£-a-X Ip-d-bpt¼mÄ hn-e kzm-`m-hn-I-am-bn Iq-Sp-Ibpw \mw hn-]-Wnbn \n-¶p ]p-d-¯m-Ip-Ibpw sN-¿pw. A-Xv A-{X \ ÃXÃ. Kp-W-ta·bn Ipd-hv sN-¿m-sX Ip-d-ª sN-ehn D¸m-Zn-¸n-¡p-I, A-Xn hy-XykvXX sIm-≠phcn-I. A-Xn-sâ B-Zy]-Sn-bmWv D¸m-Z-\-£-a-X D-bÀ¯p-I-sb-¶Xv. ssN\ t]m-ep-Å cm-Py-§-fn sa-jo³ D-¸m-Z-\-£-a-X-bp-sS ]-c-am-h-[n-bm-Wv D-¸mZ-\w \-S-¡p-¶-Xv. sXm-gn-em-fn sa-jo-s\m-¸w sXm-gn sN-¿p¶p. a-säm-cp-Imcyw \-½p-sS km-t¦-Xn-I-hn-Zy-bm-Wv. sam¯w tem-I-hp-am-bn Xm-c-Xayw sN-¿p-t¼mÄ Im \q-äm-≠n-te-sd ]n-¶n-em-Wv \mw. \-½p-sS sSIv-t\m-f-PnA-]v-t{K-Uv sN-¿Ww. temI-¯p \-S-¡p-¶ am-ä-§Ä \-½p-sS sXm-gn-em-fn-I-sfbpw t_m-[y-s¸-Sp-¯-Ww. kv-In Cw-{]q-hv-saân-eq-sS D-¸m-Z-\£-a-X D-bÀ-¯p-I-bpw tPm-en-bn th-KX ssI-h-cn-¡pIbpw sN-¿-Ww. a-äp cm-Py-§-fn h-cp-am-\¯n-s\m-¯ sN-e-hm-sW¦n C-´y A¡m-cy-¯n hf-sc ]n-t¶m-«m-Wv. h-cp-am\m-¯n-te-sd sN-e-hm-Wv C-hn-sS-bp-Å-Xv. hn-e-¡b-äw \n-b-{´n-¡p-¶-Xn \-½p-sS `-c-W-Iq-Sw hen-b ]-cm-P-bam-Wv. km-¼¯nI hn-I-k-\-¯n-\v hn-e-¡-b-äw th-W-sa¶p hm-Zn-¡m-sa-¦nepw A-SnØm-\ ku-I-cy-§Ä \ÂIWw, km-[m-c-¡mc-s\ a-d-¡-cp-Xv.
¦n-epw \½p-sS D¸m-Z-\-£-a-X-bn ]-e A-b kw-Øm-\-§fpw KÄ-^v t]m-ep-Å hn-tZ-icm-Py-§fpw Xr-]v-X-cmWv. \m-«n ]-Wn-sb-Sp-¡p-hm³ hn-ap-J-X-bpÅ ]-ecpw hn-tZ-i-§-fn- \Ã-co-Xn-bn sXm-gn-seSp-¡p¶p. C-hn-sS \à A-h-k-c-§Ä e-`n-¡p-¶nÃ, F-¶-Xm-Wv C-¯-c-¡m-cp-sS ]-cmXn. A-hn-sS an-I¨ A-h-k-c-§Ä e-`n-¡p-¶p H-¸w \à th-X-\-hpw. F-¶m A-hn-sS-sb-Sp-¡p-¶ A-[zm-\w ]p-d-s¯-Sp¯m C-hn-sSbpw D-bÀ-¨-IÄ I-s≠-¯m-sa-¶-Xm-Wv bm-YmÀ-°yw.
ssN-\ v/s C-´y 1980\p ti-jw ssN-\-bn-ep-≠m-bn-cn-¡p¶-Xv c-≠-¡ ]p-tcm-K-Xn-bm-Wv. 2010 F-¯nbt¸mÄ 8.7 i-X-am-\w D-¸m-Z-\-£-a-X- h-fÀ-¨-bm-Wv ssN-\ bnep-≠mbXv. F-¶m C-´y-bm-I-s« tI-hew 5.4 F-¶-Xn-te-¡p Np-cp-§n-bn-cn-¡p-¶p. I-W-¡p-I-fn-se Cu hy-Xym-kw t]m-se X-s¶ D¸m-Z-\-£-a-Xb -- n \-½-sf-¡mÄ G-sd ap-¶n aq¶mw Øm-\-¯m-Wv ssN-\. C-´y- ]¯mw Øm-\-¯pw. 1995\p ti-jw Øn-c-am-bn ssN-\ Cu cwK-¯v h-fÀ-¨ {]-I-S-am-¡pt¼mÄ 2005\p ti-jw C-´y ]n-t¶m-«p t]m-Ip-¶ {]-h-W-X-bm-Wv Im-Wn-¡p-¶-Xv. C-´y ]n-t¶m-«p t]m-b 2005 Im-e-L-«-¯n ssN-\ G-sd ]p-tcmKXn Cu cw-K-¯v t\-Sp-I-bpw sN-bv-Xn-cp-¶p. 2010\p- ti-jw C-´y-bp-sS DXv¸m-Z\ hÀ[\-hv aq-¶p i-X-am-\w am-{XamWv. hn-Ikz-c cm-Py-§-fn d-jy-bv-¡pw, {_-ko-en\pw ap-I-fn-em-Wv C-´y-bp-sS Øm-\-sa-¦nepw ssN-\sb-¡mÄ G-sd ]n-¶n-em-Wv \mw. ssN-\-bn I-½yq-Wn-Ìv `-c-W-am-sW-¦nepw sXm-gn-em-fn-IÄ-¡v th-≠ kuIcy-§Ä \Â-Ip¶nÃmsb¶pw, a-äp cm-Py-¡mcmb X-S-hp-Im-sc Ip-dª th-X-\-¯n ]-Wn-sb-Sp-¸n-¡p-¶p-sh-¶pw NneÀ B-t£-]-ap-bÀ-¯p-¶p≠v. C-Xv D-¸mZ-\£-a-X h-fÀ-¯p-¶-p-sh-¶m-Wv C-h-cp-sS hn-e-bn-cp¯Â. C-¯c-¯n-ep-Å {Iq-camb sXm-gn kw-kv-Im-cw C-´y t]m-ep-Å H-cp P-\m-[n]-Xy cm-Py-¯n-\p `q-j-WaÃ. 2007 h-sc c-≠-¡ h-fÀ-¨ tc-J-s¸-Sp¯nb ssN-\bn C-t¸mÄ D¸m-Z-\s¨e-hv Iq-Sp-I-bm-sW¶pw `m-hn-bn C-´y³ sXm-gn kw-kv-Im-cw X-s¶ hn-Pbn-¡p-sa-¶pw hmZap-≠v. 2005 h-sc B-`y-´-c D-¸m-Z\-¯nepw D¸m-Z-\-£-a-X-bnepw h-fÀ-¨ {]-I-Sn-¸n¨ ssN-\-bn 2007\p- ti-jw B-`y-´-c D¸mZ-\w h-fcp¶p-s≠-¦nepw D¸m-Z-\-£-a-X \n-Ý-e-am-bn-cn-¡p-Ibm-Wv. 2007 Im-e-L-«¯n tSm-«Â ^m-ÎÀ s{]m-U-În-hn-än 7.2 i-X-am-\w B-bn-cp-¶psh¦n 2013 tIh-ew \m-ev F-¶-Xn-te-¡v F-¯n-bn-cn-¡pbm-Wv. -Øn-c-X-bnÃm-¯ D-bÀ-¨-bpw Xm-gv-N-bp-am-Wv ssN-\-bn tc-J-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶Xv. C-Xp hy-à-am-¡p¶Xv h-cp-¶ Ipd-¨p hÀ-j-§Ä-¡p-Ån X-s¶ C-´y D-¸m-Z-\ -£-a-X-bn ssN-\-bp-sS A-{]-am-Zn-Xz-s¯ tNmZyw sN-¿p-sa-¶p X-s¶-bm-Wv. Cu am-dp-¶ km-lNcyw I-≠-dn-ªp {]-hÀ-¯n-¨m \½-sf Im-¯n-cn¡p-¶Xpw H-cp ip-`-I-c-am-b `m-hn Xs¶.
aÃq-kv F-¶v a-e-bm-fnI-sf I-fn-bm-¡n hn-fn-¡p-sa-
D-¸m-Z-\£-a-X D-bÀ-¯p-hm³ Nn-e Sn-]vkp-IÄ sXm-gn-en-S-§-fn C³-sk-âo-hv GÀ-s¸-Sp-¯p-I Iq-Sq-X tPm-en sN-¿p-¶-hÀ-¡p Iq-Sp-X i¼-fw F-¶-Xm-Wv C-Xn-eq-sS AÀ-°-a-m-¡p-¶-Xv. {]-hr-¯n ]-cn-N-bw A-Sn-Øm-\-am-¡msX D¸m-Z-\-£-a-X ]-cnK-Wn-¡p-t¼mÄ D-¸m-Z\ tXm-Xv Iq-Sp-sa-¶v hn-Z-Kv[À A-`n-{]m-b-s¸-Sp-¶p. Xm-tg-¯-«v XpS-§n am-t\-Pv-saâ v X-e¸-¯p h-sc C-tX co-Xn ]n-´p-S-cm-hp-¶-Xm-Wv.
sXm-gn k-a-b-aÃ, £-aX- A-f-¡p-I s]m-Xp-sh tI-c-f-¯n k-a-b-s¯ A-Sn-Øm-\-am¡n-bm-Wv ]-e-t¸mgpw thX-\w \n-Ý-bn-¡-s¸-Sp-¶-Xv. tk-h-\ ta-J-e-bn C-Xm-Wv {]m-tbm-Kn-Iam-b amÀ-Ksa-¦nepw D-¸m-Z-\ ta-J-e-bn D¸m-Z-\-£-a-X-bv¡m-Wv {]m-apJyw \Â-tI-≠Xv.
^o-Uv_m-¡v \Â-Ip-I tPm-en-¡mc-sâ sXm-gn \n-]p-WX-sb kw-_-Ôn¨p-Å A-`n-{]m-b-§-Ä A-bm-sf A-d-n-bn¡p-I F-¶pÅXv an-I-¨ am-t\-Pv-saâ v co-Xn-bp-sSbpw D¸m-Z-\-£a-X-bpÀ-¯p-¶-Xn-sâbpw `m-K-amWv. Ir-Xy-am-bn X-sâ sXm-gn-en-s\¡pdn-¨p-Å A-`n-{]m-b-§-Ä e-`n-¡p-t¼mÄ sXm-gn-em-fn A-ss[-cy-s¸-Sp-I-bà a-dn-¨v X-sâ tPmen-sb-¡p-dn-¨p Iq-Sp-X t_m-[-hm\m-Ip-I-bm-Wv FaÀ-Pn-Mv tIcf t amÀ¨v 2014
sN-¿p-¶-sX-¶v ]T-\-§Ä hy-à-am-¡p¶p. \-¶m-bn sN-¿p-hm³ H-cmÄ {i-an-¡p-t¼mÄ tam-i-am-sW-¶Ã a-dn-¨v AÂ-¸w Iq-Sn \-¶m-Ip-hm\p-s≠-¶m-Wv ]-d-tb≠Xv. AÃm-¯ ]-£w Nn-e-t¸mÄ hn-]co-X ^-ew e-`n-t¨-¡mw.
sXm-gn-em-fnI-sf Aw-Ko-I-cn-¡p-I-bpw _-lp-am-\n-¡p-I-bpw sN-¿p-I Aw-Ko-Im-cw F-¶pÅ-Xv G-Xp sXm-gn-em-fn-¡pw {]-tNmZ-\w \Â-Ip-¶ H-¶mWv. H-cp Po-h-\-¡m-c³ \-¶m-bn H-cp tPmen sN-¿p-I-bm-sW-¦n- A-bm-sf Aw-Ko-I-cn-¡p-¶Xpw _-lp-am-\n-¡p-¶Xpw tam-i-ambn I-W-¡m-t¡-≠ Im-cy-anÃ. CXv D¸m-Z-\-£-a-X D-bÀ-¯p-Ibpw D-¸m-Z-\w hÀ-[n-¸n-¡p-Ibpw sN-¿p¶Xn-s\m¸w sXm-gnÂ{]-iv-\-§-Ä Ip-d-bv-¡pIbpw sN-¿p¶p.
]-cn-ioe-\w \ÂIp-I Ir-Xyam-b C-S-th-f-I-fn km-t¦-Xn-I-ambpw sXm-gnÂ]-c-ambpw hn-Z-Kv[ ]-cn-io-e-\w Po-h-\-¡mÀ-¡p \Â-Iphm³ {i-²n-t¡-≠-Xp≠v. an-I-¨ I-¼-\n-IÄ ]-eXpw eo-UÀ-jn-¸v s{S-bn-\nw-Kp-IÄ \Â-Ip-¶Xpw aäpw ]-cnio-e-\-¯n-sâ `m-K-amWv. C¯-cw Im-cy-§Ä sN-dp-InScw-K-t¯s¡-¯n-bm am-{X-sa Ip-d-ª k-a-b-¯n Iq-Sp-X D-¸mZ-\w D-≠m-Ip-I-bpÅp.
sXm-gn-em-fnI-sf k-lm-bn¡p-I ap-X-em-fnþ sXm-gn-em-fn a-t\m-`m-h-¯n-eà a-dn-¨v kulmÀ-Z-]-camb A-´-co-£-am-Wv I-¼-\n-bn kr-ãnt¡-≠-Xv. A-\m-h-iy-am-bn sXm-gn-em-fnI-sf hn-aÀ-in¡m-sX-bn-cn¡p-I F-¶p-Å-Xm-Wv C-Xn-se B-Zy-]-Sn. km-t¦-Xn-Ihn-Zy sXm-gnÂ-`m-cw Ip-d-bv-¡p-¶-Xn-\p Iq-Sn D-]-tbm-K-s¸-Sp¯p-I. C-sXÃmw B-´y-´n-I-am-bn I-¼-\n-sb sXm-gn-em-fn kv-t\-ln-¡p-¶Xn\pw D-¸mZ-\w Iq-«p-¶-Xn\pw Im-c-W-am-Ipw. sXm-gn-em-fnI-sf thÀ-Xn-cn-¨p Im-Wp-¶Xpw Hcm-tfm-Sv Iq-Sp-X a-a-X Im-«p-¶Xpw Øm-]-\-¯n-\v H-cn-¡epw Kp-W-I-c-amInÃ.
D¶X Po-h-\-¡mÀ am-Xy-I-bmI-Ww ho-«pSa Nm-b Ip-Sn-¡m³ hn-fn-¡p-t¼mÄ B-im-cn Iq-Sp-X i-Ð-t¯m-sS D-fn-sb-Sp-¯m (sXm-gn-en-\p B-ßÀ-°-bp-s≠-¶p Im-Wn-¡p-hm³) ]nÂ-¡me-¯v in-jy³ A§-s\ X-s¶ sN-¿pw. D-Sa-sb Im-Wpt¼mÄ am-{Xw tPm-en-sb-Sp-¡p-¶ D-bÀ-¶ Po-h-\-¡mcps≠-¦n A-tX amXr-I X-s¶-bm-Ipw ]p-Xp-Xm-bn h-cp-¶-h-cpw ]Tn-¡p-I. B-im-\v H-¶n- sX-än-bm in-jy-\v 51epw sX-äp-sa-¶ ]-g-sam-gn {i-²n-¡-Ww. AXp-sIm-≠p X-s¶ am-Xr-I-bm-bh-sc am-{X-sa apIį-«n \n-b-an-¡mhp.
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sXmgnenS§fnse sse
{]tXyI \n-b-a
UÂ-ln Iq-«-am-\-`w-K-¯nsâ ]-Ým-¯-e-¯n-emWv 2013 G-{]n 23\v sXmgnenS§fnse ssewKnI ]oU\§Ä XSbm³ C´ybn {]tXyI \nbaw (The Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (PREVENTION, PROHIBITION and REDRESSAL) Act, 2013) \n-e-hn h-¶Xv. 2013 Unkw_À H¼-Xn\v tI{µkÀ¡mcnsâ kv-{Xo- inipt£a a{´m-e-bw Cd¡nb hnÚm]\¯n-emWv Cu N«§Ä DÄ-sIm-Ån-¨n-cn¡p¶-Xv. s]m-Xp-C-S-§-fnepw tPm-en-Ø-e-§-fnepw kv-{Xo-IÄ-¡v t\-sc-bp-Å A-Xn-{I-a-§Ä hÀ-[n-¨p h-cp¶ Cu Im-e-L-«-¯n \n-b-a-§-fp-sS A-`m-hw am-{XamtWm A-Xn-\v Im-c-Ww? C¯-cw \n-b-a-§Ä Zp-cp-]-tbm-Kw sN-¿-s¸-Sm\pw sX-äm-bn hym-Jym-\n-¡s¸-Sm\pw C-S-bpt≠m? Cu _nÃn-s\ ]-än-bp-Å B-i-Ifpw B-i¦-Ifpw ]-¦ph-bv-¡p-I-bm-Wv tI-c-f-¯n-se kvv-{Xo-k-aqlw.
tIc-fw {]-Xn-I-cn-¡p¶p k-a-Im-en-I-hn-j-b§-sf Ipdn¨v tI-c-fo-b- k-aq-l¯ -- n-sâ {]-Xn-Ic-Ww hy-à-am-¡p-¶ ]w-àn
hnjv-Wp sP sP \mbÀ
Zi-§-
e ssh-im-J tI-kn-se amÀK\nÀ-t C-Xph-sc ]n-´p-SÀ-¶ph-¶ 2007s m-Sp-Å _nÃmWv sXmgnenS§fnse ssew-
tf-¡mÄ hn-im-eam-b Im-gv-N-¸ a-äp \n-b-a-§-fn KnI ]oU\§Ä X-S-bm-\pÅ {]tXyI \n-baw. -tbm-Kw sN-¿-s¸-Sm-Xn-cn] pc Zpv \n¶pw C-Xn-s\ hy-Xy-kvXam-¡p-¶Xv, C-X -{Xo-IÄ-¡v t\-sc-bp-Å ¡m-\p-Å hy-h-Øbpw C-Xn-ep-≠v F-¶-XmWv. kvF-¶-Xn-\v ]pd-ta ]-cm-Xn ¸Spw s A-Xn-{I-a-§Ä Ir-Xy-am-bn dn-t¸mÀ-«v sN-¿ -]-Snbpw _nÃn hy-P-am-sW-¦n ]-cm-Xn-¡m-cn-s¡-Xn-tc \n-b-a-\-S -IÄ FÃm ta-J-e-IØ h hyip-]mÀ-i sN-¿p-¶p≠v. F-¶m C-Xn-se p-Å G-ähpw hen-b fnepw Ir-Xy-am-bn \-S-¸m¡p-I F-¶-Xm-Wv ap-¶n-e shÃp-hnfn. tUm. e-£v-an \m-bÀ {]n³-kn-¸mÄ, tem A-¡mU-an tem tIm-sf-Pv
-C¯csam-cp _n A-h-X-cn-¸n¡-s¸-«-Xv G-sd Çm-L-\o-b-amWv. F-¶m H-cp _n sIm-≠v am{Xw ]-cn-l-cn-¡-s¸Sp¶-h-bà kv{Xo-I-fp-sS ]v-iv-\§Ä. A-h-i-hn-`m-K-§Ä-s¡m-¸-ap-≠m-Ip-sa-¶v {]-Xo-£n-¡p-¶ am-[y-a-Øm-]-\-§fn t]mepw kv{Xo kp-c-£nX-b-sÃ-¶v sX-lÂ-¡ {]-iv-\w \s½ HmÀ-an-¸n-¡p¶p. kv-{XoI-sf A-[n-Im-c-¯n-tâbpw B-Ú-bp-tSbpw I-®p-IÄ sIm-≠v am{Xw Im-Wp¶ s]m-Xp-k-aq-l-¯n-sâ ^yq-U a-\-Øn-Xn-bn am-ä-ap≠m-bm am-{X-ta C-hn-sS kv{Xo kp-c-£n-X-bm-Ip. Nn-´ sP-tdmw F-kvF-^v-sF tI-{µ-I-½n-än AwKw.
C¯-cw _nÃp-IÄ kv-{Xo-I-fn kp-c-£
n-XXz-t_m-[w h-fÀ¯m³ D-]-I-cn-¡pw. F-¶ Sm-sX kq-£n-¡Ww. _-lp-`q- m C-Xv Zpcp]-tbm-Kw sN-¿-s¸W-I-c-am-bn am-{X-ta hn\n-tbmcn]-£w kv-{Xo-Ifpw C-Xn-s\ Kp-Kn-¡p-I-bp-Åp F-¶m-Wv Rm³ hn-iz-kn-¡p-¶-Xv. A-Ên-Ìâ v s{]m-^kÀ, amÀ tUm. sjÀ-fn kv-äp-hÀ-«v C-hm\n-tbm-kv tIm-tf-Pv Xncph-\-´-]pcw
28
G-sd NÀ-¨-IÄ¡pw XÀ-¡-§Ä-¡psam-Sp-hn-em-Wv Cu _n \n-e-hn h-¶-Xv. ]-cm-Xn-IÄ-¡v 90 Znh-k§Ä-¡p-Ån ]-cn-lm-cw ImW-Ww F-¶-XmWv Cu _nÃn-se G-ähpw {i-t²-bam-b hy-h-Ø-bm-bn F-\n-¡ tXm-¶p-¶Xv. Cu Im-e-L-«-¯n v ]-cm-Xn-¡m-cn-¡v th-W-sa-¦n Øm-] \-¯n \n-¶pw A-h-[n-sb-Sp-¯v am-d \nÂ-¡p-Itbm cm-Pn h-bv-¡p-Itbm n sN-¿m\pw _nÃn hy-h-Ø D-≠v. 2010 B-Zy-am-bn A-h-X-cn-¸n-¡-s¸-Sp-¶Xv. F-emWv Cu _n A-´n-acq-]-am-Ip-¶-Xv 2013 G-{]n-enepw ¶m CXn-s\m-cp ¶-Xv 2013 Un-kw-_-dn-ep-amWv. Cu ZoÀ- hn-Úm-]-\-am-Iphn-\p-Ån H-t«-sd Kp-W-I-camb am-ä Lam-b Im-e-b-fh-¶p I-gnªp. BZyw A-h-X-cn-¸n-¨ §Ä Cu _nÃn -t¸mÄ km-bp-[-tk-\ bpw ImÀ-jn-I-cw-K-hp-saÃmw C-Xn \n¶ pw amän\nÀ¯n-bn-cp¶p. F-¶m C-t¸mÄ Cu k-aq-l-¯n-se FÃm kw-L-Sn-Xþ A-ta-J-e-I-fpĸsS cy ta-J-e-I-fn-se P-\-hn-`m-K-§-sfbpkw-L-Sn-Xþ kz-ImSp-¯n-bn-«p-≠v. tPm-en-Ø-e-¯n-\v ]pdw C-Xn DÄ-s¸C-S-§fpw CXn-sâ ]-cn-[n-bn h-cp-¶ -ta FÃm s]m-Xp`q-cn-`m-Kw kv{Xo-Ifpw C¯-cw \n-b-a -Xm-Wv. F-¶m Xn-I-fà F-¶-Xm-Wv {][m-\ {]-iv\w.§-sf ]-än t_m-[-hkz]v-\ ]m-t{Sm-Wn-kv F-sF-kn-kn hn-NmÀ-hn-`m-Kv sk-{I«-dn C³þNmÀ-Pv
k-a-b-\nb-{´-Ww h-bv-¡m³ I-gn-bm¯ Poh-
\-¡m-cmWv am-[y-a-{]-hÀ-¯-Icpw sS-¡n-I-fpw. AXp-sIm-≠v X-s¶ G-ä-hp-a-[n-Iw ]o-U-\-§fpw enw-K-hn-th-N-\hpw \n-e-\nÂ-¡p-¶ c-≠v ta-J-eI-fm-WnXv. C-¶v tI-c-f-¯n H-t«-sd s]¬-Ip«nIÄ Cu cw-K-§-fn-te-¡v I-S-¶p-h-cp-¶p-≠v. Cu A-h-k-c-¯n C¯-c-sam-cp _n R-§Ä¡v B-izm-k-I-c-amWv. F-¶m C¯-cw \n-ba§-sf ]-än s]¬-Ip-«n-IÄ-¡n-S-bn th≠-{X A-h-t_m-[-anÃm-¯-Xm-Wv {]-[m-\-{]-iv-\w. Im-hy F-kv _m-_p am[y-a {]-hÀ-¯I
FaÀ-PnMv tIcf t amÀ¨v 2014
ewKnI ]oU\w
aw ^-e-{]-Ztam? -J-e-I-fnepw \nb-aw FÃm taIWw. tImÀu C n ¯ yc N m-l -saâ n-\p-≠mC¶-s¯ k m-gn-en-S-§C-Ñmi-àn K-h¬ \-S-¸n-em-¡m-\p-Å-X ImÀ-jn-I-cw-Kw h-sc-bpÅ sX Ir¶ p¿ ¸-td-äv ta-J-e ap m-¡-Ww. kv-{Xo-IÄ tPm-en sN m-Wv A-hÀ e b n¸ ¡ S s \ -I-fnep-sam fn C-Xv S \nÀ-am-W taJ-e jnbn-S-§-fn-epw -Ww A-\p-`-hn-¡p-¶Xv. A-hn-s m-Xn skÃpqj c N ] n Š-¯n-eph³-tXm-X n ]-dbp-¶ X-c tPm-en sNt]mepw Cu _nÃw. kv-{Xo-IÄ- Iq-Sp-X ka-bw -¼-\n-I-fnepw W I n ¡ S n] mnepw sF IÄ Ø ]m-SnÃ. -[y-a-Øm-]-\-§-f t¿-≠n h-cp-¶ amn-em-¡p-¶-Xn hogv-N D-≠mIm³ ¸ S \ w a Cu \nb À B-c-Xn Fw \mbI ¯ Àh am[ya {]
kv-{Xo-I-fp-sS kp-c-£-bv-¡ p th-≠n-bpÅ C¯ a§-sf¸än A-hÀ t_ -cw \n-bm[ h X n-I-fà F-¶-Xm-Wv {] \-{]-iv\w. C¯-cw -[mI mc y§ Ä Iq-Sp-X {]-N-cn-¸n-¡ h-\n-Xm-kw-L-S-\-Ifp m³ w {So-b-]mÀ-«n-Ifpw X-¿ kÀ-ho-kv kw-L-S-\-Ifpw cm-jvmd mI W w. Ip-Spw-_-{io, P-\{i Xp-S§nb Iq-«m-bv-a-I o tIm¬-{Kkv Hm-^o-k-tfbpw C-Xn-\v D-]-tbm-Kn-¡Ww. n cm [ F-¶ Xq-¸p-Im-cn a-c X-pw tPm-en-Øe-s¯ n-¨cw Zp-c-´-§Ä B-h ]o-U\-s¯ Xp-SÀ-¶mWv. C¯À¯ n¡ s ¸-Sm-Xn-cn¿-s¸-Sm-Xn-cn-¡m\pw k-lm-bn-¡p-sa-¶m-Wv {]-Xo-£. C-Xv Zp¡m³ Cu _n A[nIr-XÀ k-hnti cp -j {i-² D-≠m-IW ]-tbm-Kw sNw. tUm. D-j sI kwØm\ h-\n-Xm ]pXp-a-\ I¬-hn-\À
ASnb-´-c {]-[m-\am-b G-sX-¦nepw hn-j-b-s¯¸-än tI-c-f-k-aq-l-¯n-sâ {]-Xn-Ic-Ww D-bÀ-¯-W-sa-¦n B hnj-bw Nq-≠n-¡m-«n F-gpXp-I F-UnäÀ, F-aÀ-Pn-Mv tIc-f, sIm-¨n þ 35
kv-{Xo-IÄ ]-cm-Xn \Â-Im³ t]m-Ip¶ t]m-eo-kv kv-täj-\n 90 i-X-am-\hpw ]p-c-pj-·m-cm-Wv. A-Xp sIm-≠p X-s¶ A-hÀ-¡v A-h-cp-sS {]-iv-\-§Ä Xpd-¶p ]-d-bm³ I-gn-bnÃ. A-Xn-\m Cu _nÃn-se ]-cm-Xn sk F¶ Bi-bw hf-sc \Ã-XmWv. F-¶m Cu skÃn-\v ]-cmXn F-{X-am-{Xw A-t\z-jn-¡m\pw \-S]-Sn F-Sp-¡m-\pap-Å A-[n-Im-c-ap-≠v F¶-Xv B-i-¦-bv-¡n-S-bm-¡p¶p. h\n-Xm I-½o-j³ t]m-se H-cp A-ssUzk-dn t_mÀ-Uv am-{X-am-sW-¦n A-XpsIm-≠v {]-tbm-P-\-ap-≠m-InÃ. F-¶m \n-b-a-§Ä-¡-¸p-dw kv-IqÄ X-ew ap-X X-s¶ kv-{XoI-sf kz-´w i-àn t_m-[y-s¸-Sp-¯m³ I-gn-bWw. A-¯-c-¯nep-Å L-S-\-]-cam-b am-ä-am-Wv B-h-iyw. A-cp-ÔXn _n sS-en-hn-j³ A-h-Xm-cI
kw-L-S-\[m-cm-fw \n-b-a-§fpwp-¶-Xn-eà n ≠ th v ¡ ÄI Xo { v C-¶v k \-½p-sS \m-«n-ep≠v. \n-b-a-§Ä h-c -cyw. \-S-¸nIfp-sam-s¡ n-em-¡p-¶-Xn-em-Wv Im A-Xv Ir-Xy-am-bn \-S-¸Xs¶ Zp-cp-]-tbm-Kw sN-¿-s¸Sptam em-¡p¶ \n-b-a-§Ä -¡mÀ-¡p≠v. A§-s\ kw`-hn-¡-msX F-¶ `-bw km-[m-c-WX K-h¬-saâ n-\mWv. n t\m-¡m-\p-Å _m[yAtimIv IpamÀ. U À, k m^ A-kn-Ìâ v s{] n-¯p-dK-h. tIm-sf-Pv Xr-¸q-W
kv-{Xo-]o-U-\-§-fp-sS tZ-io-b -i-cmi-cn a-Wn-¡q-dn aq-¶v F-¶ \n-e-bn-se-¯n-bn-cn-¡p-¶ Cu Im-e-L-«-¯n C¯-cw \n-b-a-§Ä s]¬-Ip-«n-I-fp-sS B-ß-ss[cyw hÀ[n-¸n-¡m³ k-lm-b-I-c-amWv. F-¶m C-Xv {]-hÀ-¯-\-a-Þ-e-¯n-se¯p-t¼mÄ F-{X-t¯m-fw hn-P-b-I-c-am-bn \-S-¸nemIp-sa-¶v I-≠-dn-tb-≠n-bn-cn-¡p¶p. I-gnª sImÃw ]m-gm-bnt¸m-b \nÀ-`-b ]²-Xn t]m-se B-cp-a-dn-bm-sX t]mIptam Cu \n-bahpw F-¶v R-§Ä-¡v `-b-ap≠v. F-en-k_ tPm¬ c≠mw hÀ-j _n-F-kv-kn ^n-kn-Iv-kv hn-ZymÀ-°n-\n amÀ C-hm\n-tbm-kv tIm-sf-Pv Xncph-\-´-]pcw FaÀ-Pn-Mv tIcf t amÀ¨v 2014
29
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Hmlcnhn]Wn
sXcsª-Sp¸v ap¶n¡≠v N-e\§Ä Gsd IcpXtemsS s]m-XpsXcsª-Sp¸v ASp¯-tXmsS hn]WnbnÂ
hfsc IcpXtemsSbpÅ Ne\§fm-Wv ZriyamIp-¶Xv. hn]Wnbn t{SUnwKv \-S¯p¶ h³InS¡mÀ sX-c-sª-Sp-¸n-\v ap-¼v henbtXmXnepÅ CS]m-SpIÄ \-S¯m³ XbmdmIp¶nà F¶XmWv C-XqkqNn¸n¡p-¶Xv. FaÀ hn cmtP-{µ³, Pnw-Kv hn]Wn-I-fnse \ãkm[yX kn-FwUn, Ipd-bv-¡m³ hntZi\nt£]-Icpw Im]vtÌmIvkv amdn\n¡p¶ AhØbmWv. 2014se B-Zy- 45 Znhk-§fn ChÀ GItZiw 1298 tImSncq]-bpsS Hmlcn-hn¸\-bmWv \S¯nbncn¡p¶Xv. ssN\-bnse amµyhpw FaÀPnw-Kv hn]Wn Id³knI-fnse h³hnehyXnbm\-§fpw aqew hn-IknX hn]Wn-Ifn t]mepw BtcmKy]-camb kmt¦XnI Xn-cp¯Â D≠mIp¶p.
I¼\n ^e§Ä I¼-\nIÄ ]pd¯phn« 2014 km¼¯nIhÀjs¯ aq¶mw s{sXamk-^e§Ä s]m-Xpsh k½n{iambhbmbncp¶p. sFSn, ^mÀa ta-J-e-I-fnse I¼-\nIÄ A\pIqe I-d³kn hneIÄ-aqew anI¨ {]IS\w ImgvNh¨-t¸mÄ _m-¦nwKvv taJe-bpsS {]-IS\w \ncmimP\Iambn. s]m-Xp-taJem _m¦pI-fnse In«m¡Sw Bi¦-bmbn XpScp¶p. sk³sk-Iv-kv kqNnIbnse I¼\nIfpsS (skkm kvsädnsse-äv Hgn-sI) {]IS\w sam-¯¯n ]cntim[n¨m sam¯hcp-am\w GItZiw 14 iX-am\w IqSnb-t¸mÄ AämZm-bhÀ[\ 21 iXam\ambncp¶p. Smäm- {Kq¸v I¼\n-Ifn Sm-äm tamt«mgvkpw Sn-kn-Fkpw Xncn¨phc-hnsâXm-b kq-N-\ IÄ Im-Wn¨p. Sm-äm tam-t«mgvknsâ bqtdm]y³ hml\§fmb PKzmdpw, em³Uv tdm-hdpw anI¨ {]-IS\w ImgvN-h¨p. I¼\n-bpsS sam¯w AämZmbw 195 iXam-\-amWv h-fÀ¨t\-SnbXv. Fkv_nsF, _nF¨vvCF F¶nh tam-iw ^e§-fmWv ]pd¯phn«Xv.
cq]-bpsS ØncX km-¼¯nI hnZKv[-cpsS A`n{]mbw t]mse Ata-cn¡³ s^Ud dn-kÀhv A-Xnsâ km-¼¯nI Dt¯P\]cn]mSnbmb "t_m-≠v hm§Â' 10 _nÃy³ tUmfÀ IqSn Ip-dbv¡m³ Xocpam\n¨p. CtXmsS amkm-amkw hm§p¶ t_m≠pIÄ 65 _nÃy³ tUmfÀ BbnIp-dªp. s^Ud dnkÀ-hnsâ Cu \-S]Sn ap³-Iq«n AdnªtXmsS SÀ¡n, ku¯vB{^n¡, AÀPâo\ Xp-S§nb FaÀ-Pnw-Kv hn]WnI-fnse Id³knIfn Imcy-ambn CSnhp≠mbn. Id-≠v F-¡u≠v I½n \nb-{´nX \nebnem-bXpsIm≠v Cu kabw C´y³ cq] XmcX-tay\ iàambn-cp¶p F¶-XmWv G-ähpw
30
henb A\pIqeLSIw.
dn-kÀhv _m¦v t^m¡kv D]t`màr kqNnIbn D]t`màrhne kqNn-I ]e t]m-fnkn \n ÀamW¯nepw {][m\ LSIamIp¶p. tamWnädn t]m-fnkn N«-¡qSv \nÀan¡p¶Xp-ambn _-Ôs]« DÀPnXv-]t«Â I½nän dnt¸mÀ«n-emWv C-Xp kw_Ôn¨p ]cmaÀiap-ÅXv. AXp t]mse ZoÀ-LIme D] t`màr hnekqNn-I \mev iXam\-ambn (c≠p iX-am\w IqSp-Itbm IpdbpItbm BImw) e£yanSWsa¶pw dnt¸mÀ«n ]dbp-¶p. I½nän ip]mÀiIÄ dnkÀhv-_m¦v kzoIcn¨m km-¼¯nI hfÀ¨tb¡mÄ ]Ws¸-cp¸w \nb{´n¡p¶Xn\m hpw Iq-SpX {i-² tI-{µoIcn¡pI. ASp-¯nsS dnt¸m \nc-¡pIÄ hÀ[n¸n¨Xv dnkÀhv-_m¦v DÀPnXv-]t«Â I½nän dnt¸mÀ«v AwKoIcn-¡p¶p F-¶Xn-\v sXfn-hmbn IW¡m¡mw.
\nÀ-WmbI \n-^vän \neIÄ Ign-ª \mev amk§fmbn \n^vän Hcp{]-tXyI hym]vXn¡pÅn \n-¶m-Wv t{SUnwKv \S¯p-¶Xv. \n ^vän-bpsS \nÀ-WmbI ]n´p-WbpÅ {][m\\n e 5940 B-Wv. km-[mc-W Cu \n-ebn \n-
¶v hn]Wn Xn-cn¨p I-bdm-\mWv km[yX. Ib-dmsX Xm-tg¡v t]mbm ho≠pw Xm-tg¡v Xs¶ t]mImw. DbÀ¶ \nebn 6350 i-àamb {]Xntcm[w XoÀ¡pw.
Bits
"_nÃy³ tUmfÀ cmP'bmbn taml³em Atacn¡-bnse Kmen-tbm¬ {Kq¸v Ø]-I³ cm-P-c-Xv\-¯nsâ IY kn\nabmIp¶p."_nÃy³ tUmfÀcmPm' F¶v t]cn« Nn{X-¯n cm-P-cXv\ambn taml³-em- thjanSp¶p. Atacn¡-bpsS Ncn{X-¯n-se G-ähpw k¦oÀWamb "C³sskUÀ t{SUnwKv' (insider trading) Btcm-]Ws¯ Xp-SÀ¶v cm-P-c-Xv-\s¯bpw At±l-¯ns\ klmbn¨ hmÄkv{So-än-se kw-Ls¯bpw in-£n¨ncp¶p. t^m¬, CâÀ-s\äv kw`m-jW§Ä clky-ambn tNmÀ¯n 360 tImSncq]-bpsS X«n-¸mWv \S¯nbncp¶Xv. FaÀ-PnMv tIcf t amÀ¨v 2014
INVESTOR
C³jp-d³kv
Plus
C³jp-d³kv dnt¸mkn-ä-dn
t]mfn-knIÄ C-e-t{Îm-WnIv coXnbn kq£n¡mw t]m-fn-kn-I-sfÃmw C³-jp-d³-kv F¡u-≠n kq-£n-¨m t]-¸À kÀ-«n-^n-¡-äp-IÄ ssIImcyw sN-¿p-¶ _p-²n-ap-«v H-gn-hm-¡mw. t]mfn-knIÄ hm§phm-\pw C-et{Îm-WnIv coXnbn kq£n¡m\pw t]m-fnkn DSa BZyw C³jp-d³kv dnt¸mknädnbpsS ]-¡Â
H ]n hnt\m-ZvIp-amÀ
C ³-jp-d³kv t]mfn-knIÄ hm§phm\pw AXv Un-amäv AYhm Ce-t{Îm-WnIv coXnbn (e-poli-
cies) kq£n¡m\pw Ahkcsamcp-¡pI b-mWv C³jpd³kv dnt¸mknädn knÌw. t]mfnkn DSa-IÄ¡v anI¨ tk-h-\§Ä \ÂIp¶Xn\pw C³-jp-d³kv hym-]vXn hÀ[n¸n¡p¶Xn \pw sFBÀUnF (Insurance Regulatory and Development Authortiy) Hcp¡nb \q-X-\ ]²XnbmWn-Xv. tem-I¯n Xs¶ BZyam-bmWv C¯csamcp kwhn[m\w. t]¸À D]tbmKw ]qÀW-ambn Hgnhm-¡p-¶Xns\m¸w Ffp-¸hpw kpc£nXhpamb coXnbn t]mfn-kn-IÄ ZoÀL-Imew kq-£n-¨phbv¡m³ IgnbpI F¶-XmWv C-Xnsâ {][m\ {]tbmP\w. t]¸À t]mfnknIsf At]-£n¨v ]pXnb t]m-fnkn Cjyq sN¿m\pw kÀ-hokv sN¿m \pw C³jp-d³kv I¼\nIÄ¡pw CXpXs¶-bmWv em`I-camb amÀKw. C´ybn C¯cw kwhn-[m\w Xp-S§m³ A©v Øm]\§Ä-¡mWv sse-k³kv \ÂInbn«p-ÅXv. F³Fkv-UnF Um-äm-t_-kv enan-äUv, sk³{S C-³-jpd³-kv dnt¸mknädn enanäUv, FkvF¨vkn-sFF s{]mP-Iv-ävkv enanä-Uv, ImÀhn C³jp-d³kv dnt¸mknädn enan-äUv, Imwkv dnt¸mknädn kÀ-ho-kv enanäUv F¶nh-bmWv Cu Øm]-\§Ä. F-{X Cþ -t]mfn-knIÄ Ds≠¦nepw AXnsâsbÃmw tkh\§Ä-¡mbn t]m-fnkn D-Sabv¡v C³-jp-d³kv dnt¸mkn-ä-dnsb kao]n¡w. FÃm dnt¸mknädn-Ifpw sFBÀUnF-bpsS \nb{´W¯n³ Iogn-emWv {]hÀ¯n-¡pI.
FaÀ-Pn-Mv tIcf t amÀ¨v 2014
co£w kwPmXam-Ipw. dnt¸mknädn-IÄ¡v AhbpsS tkh\-¯n\p {]Xn^ew \ÂIp¶Xv AXmXv C³-jp-d³kv I¼-\nIÄ BbXp-sIm≠v t]m-fnkn D-Sabv¡v C-Xp kw_-Ôn-¨v sNe-hpIÄ H¶pwXs¶bnÃ. dnt¸mknädnbpw C³-jp-d³kv I¼\nbp-am bpÅ hnhc ssI-amäw anI¨ coXnbn \S¡m-\mbn sFBÀUnF "sFs{SIvkv" F¶ t]cn C³-jp-d³kv {Sm³-km£³ FIv-kv-tN©v XpS§nbn«p≠v.
Hcp C³-jp-d³-kv F-¡u≠v XpS-§Ww. sse^v, s]³j³, Btcm-Kyw, P\d XpS§n GXpXcw C³jp-d³kv B-bmepw Hcp C³-jp-d³-kv F¡u≠n kq£n¡mw. Hcp hy-àn¡v H-scmä C³jp-d³kv F-¡u≠v am-{X-ta FSp¡m-hq. F-¡u-≠v F-Sp-¡p-t¼mÄ H-cp {]-tXyI -C³jp-d³-kv F-¡u≠v \¼À e`n¡pw. C-Xn\p tijw Hcp hyàn¡pÅ FÃm t]mfnkn-Ifpw Cu F¡u≠n-te¡v amämw. \nehnepÅ t]¸À t]mfnknIsf Ãmw Ce-t{ÎmWnIv coXnbnem¡m³ C-Xp kw_-Ôn¨v Hcp {]tXyI At]£ \ÂInbm aXn. C³jp-d³-kv F¡u≠v Ds≠¦n ]pXnb t]m-fnkn FSp¡p-t¼mÄ {]tXy-I sI-sshkn (kyc) kw-_-Ôn-¨ \-S-]Sn{Ia§Ä Bhiy-anÃ. hcpw\mfp-Ifn dnt¸mknädn-IÄ¡v [mcmfw tk-h\§Ä t]m-fnkn DSa-IÄ¡v \ÂIm³ Ignbpw. sNe-hpIÄ Ipd-bp-¶-Xn-s\m¸w t]m-fnkn DSaI-fpsS GXv Bhiy-§fpw Imcy£aXtbmsS \S-¸m¡m\pÅ A´-
31
INVESTOR
Hmlcn
Plus
]eni-`mcw C\n
IqSptam? {]Xojn¡m-¯ ]e Imcy-§fpw \-½psS km-¼¯nI _m[yXIÄ Iq«mdp≠v.
hm-bv-] FSp¯ BfpIsf kw_Ôn¨v CXv Gsd IrXyamb ImcywXs¶. ImcWw luknwKv, hml\ hmbv]IÄ DÄ-¸sS GXp hmbv] bpsSbpw ]en-i Iptd\mfpI-fmbn IqSnsIm≠ncn¡p¶ ImgvN-bmWv ImWp-¶Xv. BfpI-fpsS _P-änsâ Xmf-amsI sXän, hchpsNe-hpIÄ X½n Iq«nap«n¡m³ Iãs¸Sp-¶ Cu Ahk-c¯n \ym-bamb Hcp tNmZyw DbcpIbmWv. ]eni C\n bpw IqSptam? ASp-¯nsS ]eni hÀ[n¡p¶-Xnsâ kq-N\-IÄ hy-à-am¡ns¡m≠v ]pd¯phn« dn-kÀhv _m-¦v hmbv]m-\-bhpw C¯csamcp tNmZy-amWv Ahtijn¸n¡p-¶Xv. A{]Xojn-X-ambmWv dn-kÀhv _m¦v K-hÀWÀ ASnØm\ t]m-fnkn \nc¡v 0.25 iX-am\w DbÀ-
¯n-bXv. {]-Xo£n¨Xpt]mse D] t`màrhne ASnØm-\amb ] Ws¸-cp¸w Ip-dªm ]eni \nc¡v Iq«n-söv dn-kÀhv _m¦v K-hÀ-WÀ hyàam¡nb kmlNcy¯n _m-¦pIÄ [rXn]n-Sn¨v ]eniIq«nsöv Bizkn-¡mw. C¯-c¯n kv-tääv _m¦v Hm^v C´y \-S¯nb A`n-{]mb {]-IS\w {]tbmP\w sN-¿pw. Gsd\m-fmbn ]Ws¸cp¸w Ipdbv¡p¶Xn-\mbn kzo-Icn¨ ]e\S]Sn-Ifpw e£yw ImWm¯Xv Bi¦ Dfhm¡nbn«p≠v. \n-ehn Hcp ]eni hÀ[\ HgnhmIpsa¦nepw C\nbpw ]Ws¸-cp¸w IqSp-Ibpw k-¼-ZvcwKw {]XnIqeamIp-Ibpw sNbvXm _m-¦pIÄ ho≠pw ]eni \nc-¡pIÄ hÀ[n¸n¡pw.
D-t¯P\ ]cn]mSnI-fpsS ]n³h-en¡Â DuÀPnXamIp¶p A
tacn-¡bn km-¼¯nI D-t¯P\ ]cn ]m-SnIÄ L«wL«-am-bn ]n³hen¡p¶ {]hÀ¯\w DuÀPnXamIp¶p. k-¼-ZvcwKw amµy¯n \n¶pw Xncn¨p-hchv \S¯p¶-XmWv {][m\Im-cWw. Ata-cn¡³ sk³{S _m¦mb s^Ud dnkÀ-hnsâ ta[mhn-bmbn Pm-s\-äv sbse³ A[nImctaätXmsS C-Xn\p Iq-SpX {]tNmZ\ amIpsa-¶mWv Icp-Xs¸Sp¶Xv. Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) bpsS c-≠ma-s¯ ao-änwKnepw km-¼¯nI D-t¯P\ ]cn]mSnbmb t_m≠pIfpsS hm§en 10 _nÃy³ tUm-fÀ Ip-d-hp-h-cp-¯nb-XmWv C-Xp kw-_Ôn¨ ]pXnb kw`h hnImkw. CtXmsS t_m-≠v hm§Â 65 _nÃy³ tUmf-dmbn Ipdªncn¡pIbmWv. km-¼¯nI hfÀ¨ sa-¨s¸Sp¶Xmbpw sXmgnÂcwKw kPohamIp¶Xmbpw F^vH-Fwkn hnebncp¯nbn«p≠v. D-t¯P\ ]cn]m-SnIÄ HäbSn¡v ]n³hen-¡p¶-Xv aäpcm-Py-§fn Imcyamb {] Xym-LmXw D≠m¡p-sa¶v t\ct¯ ]e km-¼¯nI hnZKv-[cpw A`n{]mbs¸«ncp¶p. C-Xv kw-_Ôn¨ hmÀ¯IÄ C´y³ Hmlcn hn-]-Wn-sbbpw ]-eXhW _m[n¨ncp¶p. L«wL«-ambn CXv ]n³hen¡p¶Xv {]tXy-In¨v C´y t]mepÅ hf-cp¶ hn]Wn-IÄ¡v Bizmkambn«p≠v.
kzÀW¸Wb cwK¯v am-ä§Ä F³_nF^vkn-IÄ¡v t\«w ]-cn[n D≠mbncp¶nsænepw 75-þ80 iX-am\w hmbv] sb km-[mc-W \ÂInbncp¶pÅq. hm-bv-]m ]-cn[n DbÀ¯nbXv F³_nF^vknIfpsS _n-kn\kn Imcyamb ]ptcmKXn D≠m¡psa¶v Icp-Xmw. t\-ct¯ kzÀ-Whne Ip-dbp¶ {] h-W-X Zriyamb-t¸mÄ 60% h-sc am-{Xta hmbv-] \Â-Imhq F¶ \n_Ô\ h¨Xv F³_nF^vknIfpsS ]Wb _n-kn\kns\ _m[n¨ncp¶p. ap-¯qäv ^n\m³kv, aW-¸pdw ^n\m³kv F¶o {]apJcpĸsS tIc-f¯n kzÀW ]Wb _n-kn\kn GÀs¸«ncn¡p¶ \n-ch[n F³_nF^vkn-IÄ-¡v ]p
Xn-b Xo-cp-am\w KpWIcamIpw. ]-Wb¯pI Xocpam\n-¡p-¶-Xv Xcp¶ kzÀW¯nsâ b-YmÀ° aqeya\pk-cn¨p am{XamWv. ]-Wn¡qentbm a-äpsNe-hp-Isfm DÄs¸Sp¯m³ ]m-SnÃ. aqeyw IW¡mt¡≠ coXn dn-kÀhv -_m-¦v hyàam¡nbn«p≠v. skIyqcnän-bmbn kq£nt¡≠ ]Wb-kzÀW-¯nsâ ]yqcnän Adnbm³ tcJmaqe-apÅ sX-fn-hv th-Wsa¶ dn-kÀhv _m¦v \nÀtZihpw {]-[m\w -Xs¶. C-t¸mÄ kzÀW-¯nsâ GItZi ]yqcnän Adnbm\pÅ kwhn-[m\w am{X-amWv GÀs¸Sp¯nbn«pÅXv.
kz
ÀWw ]Wbw hbv¡p¶-hÀ¡v C\n Iq-SpX hmbv] t\-Smw. ImcWw kzÀWhnebpsS 75 iX-am\w hsc hmbv-] \ÂIm³ C-t¸mÄ F³_nF-^vkn-IÄ¡v (Non Banking Finance Company) dn-kÀhv _m¦v A\p aXn \ÂInbncn¡pIbmWv. _m¦p-Ifpw ]camh[n 75 iX-am\w am-{Xta hmbv] \Â-Imhq F¶v dn-kÀhv _m¦v \nÀtZin¨n«p≠v. _m¦p-IÄ¡v t\-ct¯ C¯csamcp
32
FaÀ-PnMv tIcf t amÀ¨v 2014
INVESTOR Plus
C³jp-d³kv
tSw C³-jp-d³kv
kvt\l-ap-Ån-S¯v kwc-£Ww IqSntb Xocq \ap¡p Npäpw F{X-sb{X A]-I-S-
§Ä Zn\w-{]Xn kw`-hn¡p-¶p, AXn F{Xtbm Poh³ A]-l-cn-¡-s¸-Sp-¶p. hcp-am-\-apÅ c£n-Xm-¡-fpsS hniz-\m-Y³ tZl-hn-tbmKw Pohn-¨n-cn-¡p¶ HSm«v aäp IpSpw-_mw-K-§sf \n Xy-Zp-cn-X-¯n-em-¡p-w. Cu \ ãw \nI-¯m-hp¶ H¶Ã F¦nepw CXp-aqew D≠mtb-¡m-hp¶ km¼-¯nI _p²n-ap-«p-IÄ Hcp ] cn[n hsc ]cn-l-cn-¡m³ DX-Ip¶ t]mfn-kn-bmWv tSw IhÀ. CsXmcp \nt£-]-]-²-Xn-b-Ã, XnI¨pw C³jpÀ sN¿p¶ hyàn-bpsS sse^v dnkvIv IhÀ sN¿p¶ ASn-Øm\ t]mfn-kn-bm-Wv. AXpsIm-≠p-Xs¶ XpÑ-amb {]oanbw AS-¨m henb XpI-bv¡v C³jp-d³kv kwc-£Ww e`n-¡p-Ibpw sN¿pw. hcp-am-\hpw Btcm-KyhpapÅ ka-b¯v Ip-d-ª sNe-hn IqSnb XpIbv¡v C¯cw t]mfn-kn-IÄ hn]Wn-bn e`y-am-Wv. t]mfn-kn-IÄ FSp-¡p-t¼mÄ {]mbw, hcp-am\w, \ne-hn-epÅ Akp-J-§Ä, t]mfnkn FSp-t¡≠ Im-em-h[n F¶nh ASn-Øm-\-am¡nbmWv C³jp-d³kv I¼-\n-IÄ {]oanbw \nÝ-bn-¡p-¶-Xv. tem¬ FSp-¯-hÀ, IS-_m-[y-X-bp-Å-hÀ, GI-h-cpam-\-ap-Å-hÀ, I¼-\n-þØm-]-\-§Ä Xp-S§nb-h-bpsS DS-a-Ø·mÀ, aäp Ønc-h-cp-am-\-ap-Å-hÀ F¶n-hÀ¡v A\p-tbm-Py-amb t]mfn-kn-bmWv tSw IhÀ. A]-I-S§Ä, AXym-ln-X-§Ä, tcmK-§Ä aqe-apÅ acWw F¶n-h-bv-s¡Ãmw C³-jp-d³-kv ]-cn-c-£ e-`n-¡pw. {]mbw Ipd-ª-hÀ¡v {]oan-b-¯n Ipd-hp-≠m-hpw. {]mbw IqSp-¶-X-\p-k-cn¨v {]oan-b-¯n hÀ[-\hpw D≠m-hpI kzm`m-hnIw am{Xw. ImcWw dnkv¡ns\
FaÀ-Pn-Mv tIcf t amÀ¨v 2014
ASn-Øm-\-am¡nbmWtÃm {]oanbw \nÝ-bn-¡p-¶Xv. GXp-{]m-b-¯n tNcp-¶-hcpw ]c-am-h[n In«m³ km[y-X-bpÅ A{Xbpw hÀj-t¯¡v t]mfnkn FSp¡p-¶Xv \¶m-bn-cn-¡pw. Hä¯hW {]oanbw A-S-bv¡p¶ knwKnÄ {]oanbw tSwI-hÀ, Xh-W-I-fmbn A-S-bv¡p¶ tSwI-hÀ F¶nh hn]-Wn-bn e`y-am-Wv. Hcp \nÝnX XpIbv¡v Ønc-
ambn IhÀ sN¿p-¶Xns\ seh tSw IhÀ F¶mWv ]d-bp-I. tem¬ FSp-¡p-¶-hÀ¡v tem¬ XpI Ipd-bp-¶-Xn\v A\p-kr-Xambn C³jp-d³kv XpI Ipd-ªp-sIm≠v C³jpÀ sN¿m\pw km[n-¡pw. F¶m ]W-s¸-cp¸w hÀ[n-¨p-h-cp¶ Cu ImeL-«-¯n FÃm-hÀjhpw Hcp \nÝnX iX-am\w C³jp-d³kv XpI IqSp-Xembn C³jpÀ sN¿p¶ hn[hpw \nehn-ep-≠v. C³jpÀ sNbvX hyàn¡v acWw kw`-hn-¨m Pohn-¨n-cn-¡p¶ B{in-XÀ¡pw {]Xn-amkw (t]m-fnkn Imem-h-[n- h-sc) Hcp \n-Ýn-X -XpI \ÂIp¶ Xc-¯n-epÅ a´ven C³Iw ¹m\p-Ifpw C¶v \ne-hn-ep-≠v km[m-c-W-bmbn DbÀ¶ XpIbv¡v tSwI-hÀ sN¿m³ saUn-¡Â ]cn-tim-[\ \S-¯p-¶-XmWv \Ã-Xv. Hcp s¢bnw D≠m-bm AXv XoÀ¸m-¡p-¶-Xn\v saUn-¡Â ]cn-tim-[\ Ignª tIkp-I-fn IqSp-X Ffp-¸-am-Ipw. km[m-cW tSwI-hÀ hmÀjnI hcp-am-\-¯nsâ 10 apX 15 Cc«n hsc-bmWv \ÂIp-I. {]mbw tSw C³jp-d³kn hfsc \nÀWm-b-I-amb Hcp LS-Iam-Wv. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs¶ tPmen In«n hcp-am\ambn XpS-§n-bm C¯cw t]mfn-kn-IÄ FSp-¡p-¶Xv \¶m-bn-cn-¡pw. ASbv-¡p¶ {]oan-b-¯n\v sk£³ 80 kn {]Imcw C³Iw- SmIvkv Cf-hp-Ifpw e`y-am-Wv. IpSpw-_s¯ kvt\ln-¡p¶ hcp-am-\-apÅ c£n-Xm¡Ä CXn\v ap´nb ]cn-K-W\ \ÂtI-≠-Xm-Wv. mail your feedback at odatt@aimsinsurance.in, mob: 9895768333
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C³Ukv{Sn t^m¡kv
HÃqÀ C³-U-kv-{Sn-b
kzmÀ-°-XmÂ-¸-c aen-\oI-c-W \n-b{´W t_mÀ-Unsâbpw PnÃm I-f-Î-dp-tSbpw D-¯-c-hp-≠m-bn«p-t]mepw I-gn-ª ]¯p am-k-am-bn ]q-«n-¡n-S-¡p-I-bm-bn-cp¶p Xr-iq-cn-se HÃqÀ C³-U-kv-{Sn-b F-tÌ-än-se 13 tKmÄ-Uv I-h-dnwKv bq-Wn-äp-Ifpw H³]Xv Aep-an-\n-bw t¹-änw-Kv bq-Wn-äp-I-fpw. F-tÌ-äv ]-cn-k-c-s¯ Ip-Sn-sh-Å-¯n B-kn-Uv am-en-\yw I-e-cp-¶p-sh-¶v B-tcm-]-n-¨v Cu bq-Wn-äp-IÄ {]-hÀ-¯n-¡p-¶-Xn-s\-Xn-tc NneÀ ssl-t¡mS-Xn-bn \n¶v kv-tä hm-§p-I-bm-bn-cp¶p. F-¶m knUvtIm hy-hkm-b A-tkm-kn-tb-j³ \ÂIn-b dn-«v lÀ-Pn ]-cn-K-Wn-¨ ssl-t¡mS-Xn kv-tä \o-¡p-Ibpw ]u-ck-an-Xn {]-hÀ-¯-I-cn \n-¶v F-tÌ-än-\v s]m-eo-kv kw-c£-Ww \Â-Im³ D-¯-c-hn-Sp-Ibpw sN-bvXp. tIm-Sn-¡-W-¡n-\p cq-]-bp-sS \-ã-§Ä-¡n-S-bm¡n-b {]-Xn-k-Ôn-bpsS km-l-N-cy-§Ä ]cn-tim-[n¡p-I-bm-Wv "C³-U-kv-{Sn t^m-¡kv'.
kpPojv sI Fkv
1925
Im-e-L-«-¯nem-Wv tI-c-f-¯n tKmÄ-Uv Ih-dnw-Kv hy-h-km-bw B-cw-`n-¡p-¶Xv. kzÀ-W-¯n-\v {Iam-Xo-X-am-bn hn-e Iq-Sn-bXpw I-ų-am-cp-tSbpw aäpw ieyw hÀ-[n-¨Xpw a-e-bm-fn-IÄ-¡v tKmÄ-Uv I-h-dnw-Kv B-`-cW-§-tfm-Sp-Å a-a-X Iq-«n. A-dp]XpI-tfmsS tI-c-f-¯n-ep-S-\o-fw tKmÄ-Uv I-h-dnw-Kv Ip-Sn hy-h-kmb-ambn am-dp-Ibpw Z-£n-tW-´y-bn-se Xs¶ {][m-\ hym-]m-c-tI-{µ-am-bn Xriq-cnse HÃqÀ am-dp-Ibpw sNbv-Xp. h¬ {Kmw tKmÄUv F-¶ Bi-bw hym-]-I-am-btXmsS ]qÀ-W-am-bpw Hcp hy-h-km-b-am-bn Cu taJe am-dp-I-bm-bn-cp¶p. HÃq-cn ]≠p-apXte \n-e-\n-¶ncp-¶ a-c hy-h-kmbw, Hm-Sv hy-h-km-bw F-¶nh-sb t]m-se tKmÄ-Uv I-h-dnw-Kv hy-h-km-b-¯nepw C¶v G-I-tZ-iw c-≠m-bn-c-¯n¸-cw sXm-gn-em-fn-Ifpw \qtdmfw hy-h-km-bn-Ifpap-≠v. a-en-\oI-c-W {]-iv-\-§Ä I-W-¡n-se-Sp¯v P-\hm-k tI-{µ-§-fn \n-¶p amdn 20Hm-fw tKmÄ-Uv I-h-dnwKv bq-Wn-äp-IÄ HÃqÀ C-³U-kv-{Sn-b F-kv-tä-än-em-Wv {]-hÀ-¯n-¡p-¶Xv. Cu bq-Wn-äp-I-fn-seÃm-am-bn sXm-Åm-bn-c-t¯mfw sXm-gn-emfn-Ifpw Cu Øm-]-\-§Ä-¡v A-kw-kvIr-X h-kv-Xp¡Ä hn-Xc-Ww sN-¿p-¶ Bbn-c¯n-te-sd t]-cp-ap-≠v. C³-U-kv-{Sn-b F-tÌ-än-eq-sS hf-sc-b-[nIw ]p-tcm-K-Xn-bn-te-¡v Ip-Xn-¨ Cu hy-h-km-b-¯n-\v B-tcm-]-W§Ä {]-Xn-k-Ôn- kr-ãn-¡p-I-bm-bn-cp¶p.
F´p-sIm-≠v {]-Xn-k-Ôn tKmÄ-Uv I-h-dnw-Kv hy-h-km-b-¯n-sâbpw Aep-an-\nbw Ce-t{Îmt¹-äv hy-h-km-b-¯n-sâbpw {][m-\ l-ºm-bn am-td-≠ Ø-e-§fn-sem-¶m-Wv HÃqÀ. F-¶m-en-Xn\p hn-e-§p-X-Sn-bm-bn am-dp-I-bm-Wv kao-]{]-tZ-i-§-fnse Ip-Sn-sh-Å-¯n B-kn-Uv I-e-cp-¶p-sh¶ Btcm--]
34
Ww. a-en-\o-I-c-W-¯n-sâ t]-cn 22 bq-Wn-äp-IÄ {]-hÀ-¯n-¡p-¶Xn-s\-Xn-cm-bn tÌ h¶Xv sXm-gn-em-fnIÄ-s¡m¸w bq-Wnäv D-S-a-Ø-scbpw I-Sp-¯ {]-Xn-kÔn-bn-em-¡n-bncp¶p. tI{µkÀ¡mÀ ]²Xn {]Im-cw 1957emWv knUv-tImbpsS Io-gn HÃqÀ C³-U-kv-{Snb F-tÌ-äv {]-hÀ-¯-\-am-cw-`n-¡p-¶-Xv. C-¶n-hn-sS 135 hy-hkm-b bq-Wn-äp-I-fn-embn c≠mbnct¯mfw Poh\¡mÀ ]WnsbSp-¡p¶p. Cu sXm-gn-em-fn-I-fn knwl`m-Khpw A-S-ªp-In-S-¶ bq-Wn-äp-I-fn-ep-Å-h-cmsW-¶-XmWv h-kvXp-X. Nne hyàn-I-fpw cm{ãob ]mÀ«n-I-fpw kzmÀ-° -Xm¸cy¯n-\mbn \-S¯nb hymP{]Nm-c-W-am-Wv h-fÀ-¨-bp-sS ]m-X-bn-te-¡v \o§n-b hy-h-kmb-s¯ ]n-t¶m-«-Sn-¨-sX-¶v HÃqÀ C-³Ukv-{Sn-b- F-tÌävv A-tkm-kn-tb-j³ sk-{I-«-dn kntPm ]n tPm-bv sh-fn-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶p.
kÀ-¡mcn-t\bpw _p-²n-ap-«n¡p-I-bm-Wv ]u-c-k-an-Xn {]-hÀ-¯-IÀ sN-¿p-¶-sX-¶v Sp ÌmÀ-kv Un-ssk³ tKmÄ-Uv I-h-dnw-Kv D-S-a kp-\n ]-d-bp-¶p. aen-\oI-c-W \n-b{´W t_mÀ-Uv A\p-im-kn-¡p-¶-Xp{]-Imcw bq-WnäpIfn H-¶-c-t¡m-Sn cq-] sN-e-hm-¡n hm-«À {So-äv-saâ v ¹mâp-IÄ \nÀ-an-s¨-¦nepw A-sXm¶pw a-en-\o-Ic-Ww Ip-d-bv¡p-¶n-söm-Wv ]u-c-k-an-Xn {]-hÀ-¯-I-cp-sS \ym-bw. A-tX-ka-bw HÃqÀ C³-U-kv-{Sn-b F-tÌ-än-sâ ]pd-¯v FÃm \n-b-a-§fpw Im-än¸d-¯n XoÀ¯pw A-\-[n-Ir-X-ambpw \n-b-a-hn-cp-²-ambpw tKmÄ-Uv, Aepan-\nbw C-e-t{Îmt¹-änw-Kv hy-h-km-b-hpw sN-¼m`-c-W
\n-b-a-hn-t[-bw F¶n-«pw... HÃqÀ C³-U-kv-{Sn-b F-tÌ-än-ep-Å FÃm Cet{Îmt¹-änw-Kv bq-Wn-äp-Ifpw {]-hÀ-¯n-¡p¶-Xv \n-b-a§fpw h-Ip-¸p-Ifpw A-\p-im-kn-¡p-¶ FÃm sse-k³kp-I-tfmSpw FÃmhn-[ ap³-I-cp-X-ep-I-tfm-Spw-IqSn ]qÀ-W-ambpw \n-b-a-hn-t[-b-am-bn-«m-Wv. aen-\oI-c-W \n-b{´W t_mÀ-Uv A-S-¡-ap-Å A-[nIm-c- Øm]-\-§-sfÃmw X-s¶ C³-U-kv-{Sn-b F-kv-tä-än C³-kv-s]-£³ \S-¯n A-\pIq-e hn-[n-sb-gp-Xn-bXm-bn-cp-¶p. F-¶m CÃm-¯ Im-cy-§-sf-¡p-dn-¨v B-t£-]-§fpw ]-cm-Xn-Ifpw D-¶-bn-¨v X-§-sfbpw FaÀ-PnMv tIcf t amÀ¨v 2014
b F-tÌäv
cy-§-fp-sS Cc? kntPm ]n tPm-bv tSm-Wn Sn hn HÃqÀ C-³Ukv-{Sn-b-enkväv HÃqÀ C³-U-kv-{Sn-b-en-Ìv A-tkm-. sk-{I-«-dn A-tkm-. {]kn-Uâ v \nÀ-am-Whpw A-Xn-hn-]p-eam-b co-Xn-bn \-S-¡p-¶Xn-s\-Xn-tc Bcpw cw-K-¯ph-cm-¯-Xv F´p-sIm-≠msW¶vv a-\-kn-em-Ip-¶n-sÃ-¶pw XriqÀ Pnà {]njykv saä B³Uv tKmÄUv Ih-dnwKv Atkm-kn-tb-j³ sk{I-«dn {Knäp tPmÀPv.
ap«m-t]m-¡v \-b§Ä, \-ãw tIm-SnIÄ C³-U-kv-{Sn-b F-tÌ-än-\v A-cIn-tem-ao-äÀ Np-ä-f-hnep-Å Ip-Sn-sh-Å-¯n-sâ ]nF-¨v hmeyp Ip-d-hm-sW-¶Btcm-]Wam-Wv {]-Xn-k-Ôn-¡v {][m-\ Im-cWw. F-¶m C-Xv F-tÌ-änse bq-Wn-äp-I-fp-sS {]-hÀ-¯-\^-e-ambmtWm F-¶v C-Xph-sc Øn-co-I-cn-¡-s¸-«n-«n-Ã. F-tÌ-än-\v Np-ä-p-ap-ÅXpw aq-¶v Intem ao-äÀ A-¸p-d-¯pÅ-Xpamb In-W-dpIfnse sh-Å-¯n-sâ ]nF-¨v hmeyp ]cn-tim-[n-¨v dn-t¸mÀ-«v k-aÀ-¸n-¡m³ aen-\o I-c-W \n-b{´W t_mÀ-Uv \nÀ-tZ-iw \Â-In-bn-cp¶p. C-X-\pk-cn-¨v X-bm-dm¡nb dn-t¸mÀ-«n F-kv-tä-än-\v kao-] {]-tZ-i-¯p-Å-Xn-t\-¡mÄ ]nF-¨v hmeyp hf-sc Ip-d-hmbn-cp-¶p Zq-c-Ø-e-§-fn-se In-WÀ sh-Å-¯nÂ. G-sd hn-hm-Z-§Ä-¡v h-gn-h-t¨-¡m-hp-¶ Cu-sbm-cp dn-t¸mÀ-«v ]-ecpw I-≠n-sÃ-¶v \-Sn-¨p. ae-n\oI-c-W {]-iv-\-ap-≠m-Ip-¶-Xv C³-U-kv-{Sn-b F-tÌ-än \n-¶m-sW-¶v -sX-fn-bn¡-s¸-«n-sÃ-¦nÂt]mepw F-´v ]-cn-lm-cw sN-¿m-\pw X-§Ä X-¿m-dm-sW¶v F-tÌ-än-se hy-h-km-bn-IÄ Xr-iqÀ PnÃm I-fÎ-sd
FaÀ-Pn-Mv tIcf t amÀ¨v 2014
A-dn-bn-¡p-I-bm-bn-cp-¶p. A-Xn³-{]-Im-cw 22 bq-Wn-änepw H¶-c-t¡m-Sn cq-] sN-e-hn 22 {So-äv-saâ v ¹mâp-IÄ ]-WnXp. Iq-SmsX F-tÌ-än-\v ]pd-s¯ In-W-dp-I-fn-se sh-Åw ip-²o-I-cn-¡m-\pw A-Sn-b´-c L-«-§-fn shÅw hn-Xc-Ww sN-¿m-\pw C-hÀ X-¿m-dmbn. A§-s\ aq-¶q-dv In-W-dp-IÄ aen-\oI-c-W \n-b{´W t_mÀ-Uv \nÀ-tZ-in-¨ GP³-kn A-dp-]-Xn-\m-bn-cw cq-] sN-e-hn ]cn-tim-[-\ \-S¯n. -FÃm P\{]-Xn-\n-[n-I-f-p-tS-bpw ]u-c-k-a-Xn-bw-K-§-fp-tSbpw ap-¶nÂ-h-¨m-bn-cp¶p sS-Ìv \-S-¯n-b-Xv. F-¶m X-§Ä-¡nXn-sem¶pw hn-izm-kan-söpw bq-Wn-äp-IÄ H-cn-¡epw Xp-d-¡-cp-sX ¶pw ] d-ªv C³-U-kv-{Sn-b F-tÌ-äv ap-Jm-´cw sh-Åw ip²oIcn¡p-¶ {]-hÀ-¯-\-§Ä X-S-bp-I-bm-bn-cp-¶p-sh-¶v HÃqÀ C³-U-kv-{Sn-b-en-Ìv A-tkm-kn-tb-j³ {]kn-Uâ v tSm-Wn hn-i-Zo-I-cn-¡p¶p.
]-¯v amk-s¯ \-ã-¡-W-¡p-IÄ
hy-h-km-bn-IÄ ]-d-bp¶p. ]-ecpw tem-sW-Sp-¯m-Wv bq-Wn-äp-IÄ B-cw-`n-¨Xv. I-¼-\n-IÄ Xp-d¡m¯-Xv ImcWw tem¬ Xp-I A-Sbv-¡m³ ]m-Sp-s]-Sp-I-bm-bn-cp-¶p ChÀ. C-\n ho≠pw bq-Wn-äpIÄ Xp-d-¶p{]-hÀ-¯n-¡W-sa-¦n Ip-dª-Xv B-dv e-£w cq-]-sb-¦nepw Hm-tcm bq-Wn-änepw sN-e-h-gn-¡-Ww. BÀ¡pw D-]-{Zh-anÃm-¯ co-Xn-bn C³-U-kv-{Sn-b F-tÌ-än-s\ sIm≠p-t]mIm³ {i-an-¨n-cp-s¶-¦nepw Nn-e Kq-V-i-àn-IÄ X-§-sf X-IÀ-¡m³ {i-an-¡p-I-bm-bn-cps¶¶v C³-U-kv-{Sn-b F-kv-tääne tKmÄ-Uv I-h-dnw-Kv hy-h-km-bn-IÄ H-tc kzc-¯n ]-d-bp-¶p. bq-WnäpIÄ¡v a-en-\oI-c-W \n-b-{´-W-¯n-\v \ ÂIn-b FÃm \nÀ-tZ-i-§fpw ]m-en-¡-s¸-«p-sh-¶ I-f-Îdp-sS dn-t¸mÀ-«n-sâ A-Sn-Øm-\-¯n-em-Wv ssl-t¡mS-Xn C-t¸mÄ kv-tä \o-¡n-bXv. aq-¶p am-k-¯n-\p-Ån tIkn A-´n-ahn-[n ]-d-bpw.
]-¯v am-k-am-bn ]q-«n-¡nS-¡p-¶ bq-Wn-äp-I-fn Hmtcm bq-Wn-änepw Ip-dª-Xv 10 e-£w cq-]-bpsS _nkn\sk¦nepw H-cp- amkw \-S-¡p-¶p≠v. A§-s\ t\m-¡p-I-bmsW-¦n ]-¯v am-kw sIm-≠v 22 bq-Wn-äp-Ifn-ep-am-bn ct≠-Im tIm-Sn cq-]-bp-sS \-ã-amWv D-≠m-bn-cn-¡p-¶-Xv. do-ssk-¢nw-Kv kw-hn-[m-\w th-W-sa-¶ B-hiyw h-¶-t¸mÄ FÃm-hcpw e-£-§Ä apS-¡n A-Xn\p X-bm-dmbn. `q-an-¡-Snbn-em-Wv Sm-¦p-I-sf-¶ ap«m-t]m-¡v \-bw ]-d-ªXn-s\ Xp-SÀ-¶v Sm¦p-IÄ¡mbn ]pXn-b Ìmâ v \nÀ-an¨p. ¹mâp-IÄ ]-Wn-bm\pw A-Xv ]p-Xp-¡n ]-Wn-bm-\p-am-bn B-dv am-k-¯n-\p-Ån Hmtcm I-¼-\n-¡pw sNe-hmbXv e£§-fmWv. sXm-gn-em-fn-IÄ-¡v Gsd\mÄ sXm-gn-enÃm-XmbXn-t\m-sSm-¸w Xs¶ e-£-§Ä sN-e-hm-¡n C-d-¡pa-Xn sN-bv-X sa-j-n\-dn-I-sfÃmw {]-hÀ¯-\- tbm-Ky-aÃm-Xm-bn. HÃq-cnse t¹-änw-Kn-\v an-I-¨ {_m³-Uv hmeyp D-≠m-bn-cp¶p. A-Xn-\m  \n-ch-[n I-¨-h-S-¡mÀ C-hn-Sp-s¯ bq-Wn-äp-Ifn-seÃma-mbn D¸-¶w hm-§p-¶-Xn-\v I-cm-dp≠m-¡n-bn-cp¶p. C-\n A-h-cp-am-bn-«pÅ HmÀ-UÀ Xn-cn-¨p-]n-Sn¡p-I-sb¶Xv hen-b _p-²n-ap-«m-sW-¶v
35
Hmt«m-sam-_oÂ
Ata-knw-Kv ssa-te-Pp-ambn
AMAZE
tlm-≠-bp-sS B-Zy Uo-k ]-Xn-¸v F-¶ hn-ti-j-W-t¯msS-bm-Wv A-ta-kv hn-]-Wn-bn-se-¯n-bXv. Ipd-¨p \m-fp-IÄ -sIm-≠pX-s¶ {i-t²-bam-b km-¶n-[y-am-Ip-hm\pw A-ta-kn-\p km-[n-¨p. s]-t{SmÄ ]-Xn-¸p-I-fn am{Xw {i-² tI-{µo-I-cn-¨ncp¶ tlm-≠, hn]-Wn hn-ln-Xw Ip-d-ªp Xp-S-§n-b-t¸m-gm-Wv G-jy-bn- H-cp Uo-k tam-U C-d-¡p-hm³ Xo-cp-am-\n-¨-Xv. hnÂ-¸-\-b-n hen-b amµyw t\-cn-«n-cp¶ tlm-≠ ]pXn-b hml-\-¯nsâ h-c-thm-sS 63 i-X-am-\w h-fÀ-¨-bm-Wv t\SnbXv. D-Õ-h ko-k-Wp-IÄ hnÂ-¸-\-bp-sS B-tLm-j-am¡nb tlm-≠ A-ta-kn-sâ hn-ti-j-§-fn-te-¡v... C sI \yqkv_yqtdm
G-
sXm-cp- hm-l-\-am-bmepw kp-c-£ hf-sc {]-[m-\amWv. tlm-≠ F-¶ I-¼-\n-sb hy-Xy-kv-X-am-¡p-¶Xpw kp-c-£-bp-sS Im-cy-¯n-ep-Å I-Wn-i-X-bmWv. anI¨ kpc£m k¶m-l-§-fm-Wv A-ta-knepw H-cp-¡n-bn-cn¡p¶Xv. Uyph FkvBÀFkv FbÀ_mKpIÄ, B³dn tem¡v t{_¡nwKv knÌw, Cet{ÎmWnIv t{_¡v Unkv{Sn_yqj³ F-¶o k-t¦-X-§Ä hm-l\-¯n-epÄ-s¸-Sp-¯n-bn-«p≠v. Chbn F-_nFkpw C_nUnbpw FÃm Uok ]Xn¸nepw Hmt«mamänIv ]Xn¸nepw e-`y-amWv. s]t{SmÄ ]Xn¸n am{XamWv Hmt«mamänIv {Sm³kvanj³ e`yambn«pÅXv. DbÀ¶ ] Xn¸p-I-fn am-{XamWv Uyph {^≠v FbÀ_mKp-IÄ Ìm³-tUÀUmbn e-`n-¡pI.
F-©n³ 25.8 F-¶ A-ta-knw-Kv ssa-te-Pm-Wv tlm-≠ A-ta-kv D-]-t`m-àm-¡Ä-¡v \-Â-Ip-¶Xv. C-´y³ hn-]-Wn-bn e-`yam-b hm-l-\-§-fn G-ähpw IqSp-X ssa-te-Pv H-cp ]-t£, A-ta-kn-\m-bn-cn-¡pw. Cu C-Ô-\-£-a-X-bn \n¶pw Xp-S§mw F©n-sâ hn-ti-jWw. bq-tdm-]y³ hn-]-Wn-bn tlm-≠ knän-bn A-h-X-cn-¸n¨ 1.6 en-äÀ ti-jn-bp-Å F©n-\p ]-I-cw 1.5 en-äÀ ti-jn-bp-Å AÂ-¸w Ip-d-ª ]-Xn¸m-Wv A-ta-kn-\p-Å-Xv. ]-Xn-hp co-Xn-I-fn \n¶pw hy-Xy-kv-X-am-bn hf-sc `m-cw Ip-d-bv-¡p-hm³ ]-cym-] v-Xam-b k-t¦-X-§Ä D-]-tbm-Kn-¨m-Wv F©n³ \nÀ-an-¨ncn-¡p-¶Xv. Cu sk-Kvsaân C-{Xbpw `m-cw Ip-d-ª F©n³ temI-¯v a-säm-cp hm-l-\-¯n-ep-an-sÃ-¶pw I-¼-\n A-h-Im-i-s¸-Sp-¶p. am-{X-aà `m-cw Ip-d-ª-Xn-\ m D-≠m-Im-\n-S-bp-Å i-Ðw H-gn-hm-¡m-\pw F©n³ {^n£³ ]camh[n Ipd-bv-¡p-hm\pw kzo-I-cn-¨n-cn¡p-¶ kw-hn-[m-\-§-fpw hf-sc an-I¨-XmWv. 1.5 enäÀ tijnbpÅ tlm≠ Uok F©n³ ] Icp¶Xv 98.63 Ip-Xn-c-i-ànbmWvv. 200 F³Fw F¶ anI¨ N{Ihocyhpw Cu F©n³ \Â-Ip-¶p.
Icp¶p. 1.9 F³Fw BWv N{Ihocyw. en-ä-dn\v 17 ssatePv \ÂIp¶p Cu F©n³.
H-ä-t\m-«-¯nÂ
{_n-tbm-bp-sS ap-J-Ñmb-bm-Wv H-ä¡m-gv-N-bn A-ta-kn-\pÅ-Xv. {KnÃn am-{X-am-Wv ap³h-iw {_n-tbmbn \n-¶v hyXym-k-s¸-«n-cn-¡p-¶Xv. {_-n-tbm-bv-¡v {KnÃn H-cp B-c-am-Wp-Å-sX-¦n A-ta-kn-se-¯p-t¼mÄ A-Xv c-≠m-bn am-d-p-¶p≠v. t_m-Un-bp-sS A-tX \n-d-¯n X-s¶-bm-Wv _w-]À ]-WnXoÀ-¯n-cn-¡p-¶-Xv. -hi-§-fnepw {_n-tbm-bp-am-bn henb km-Z-r-iy-am-Wv A-ta-kn-\p-Å-Xv. h-c-Ifpw Ip-dnIfpw {_n-tbm-bn \n-¶pw H-cp hy-Xym-k-hp-anÃm-sX DÄ-s¸-Sp-¯n-bn-cn-¡p-¶p. F-¶m ]n³-h-i-t¯-¡p h-cp-t¼mÄ {_ntbm F-¶ hm-l-\-¯n-\p _q-«v kv-t]kv \Â-In sk-Km³ sk-Kvsaân- A-h-X-cn-¸n-¨p F-¶v Bcpw Ip-äw-]-d-bnÃ. -X{´-]-c-am-bn X-s¶-bm-Wv C-hn-sS tlm-≠ Un-ssk³ sN-bv-Xn-cn-¡p-¶Xv. au-en-I-am-bn X-s¶ G-sd hy-Xym-k-§Ä ]-d-bmw. sS-bn em-w]p-IÄ FÃmw hf-sc hy-Xym-k-s¸-«n-cn¡p-¶p. tlm-≠ kn-än-bp-sS sS-bv em-w]p-I-tfm-Sm-Wv A-ta-kv I-S-s¸-«n-cn-¡p-¶-sX-¶v tXm-¶p¶p. {_n-tbmbn DÅ BÀ«nÌv s]³kn kvt{Sm-¡p-IÄ A-takn \n¶pw \o-¡n-bn-«p≠v. _q-«v en-Un {Imw-sse\pw DÄ-s¸-Sp-¯p-hm³ km-[n¨-Xv cm-P-Io-b- `mhw \Â-Ip-¶p. F-¶n-cp-¶mepw {_n-tbm-bv¡p e-`n-¨ Aw-K`w-K-anÃm-¯ ku-µ-cyw A-ta-kn-\p-t≠m F¶-Xv kwi-b-am-Wv. Cu sk-Kvsaân am-cp-Xn kzn-^v-äv Un-sskdm-Wv F-Xn-cm-fn F-¶p Xn-cn-¨-dnªv ku-I-cy-§-fp-sS Im-cy-¯n AÂ-¸w ap-¶n \nÂ-¡p-hm³ A-ta-kn-\p km-[n-¡p-¶p-≠v. 400 en-äÀ _q-«v kv-t]-kv \Â-In 315 en-ä-dp-Å Un-ssk-dn-s\ ]n-´-Åp-hm³ A-ta-kn-\p km[n-¨p. s]-t{SmÄ, Uo-k tam-U-epIÄ Xn-cn-¨-dn-bp-hm³ km-[n-¡p-¶ hn[-¯nÂ
hy-Xy-kv-Xhpw kp-µ-c-hp-am-b A-tem-bv ho-ep-I-fm-Wv \Â-In-bn-cn-¡p-¶Xv. Câo-cn-bdn-te-¡v I-S-¡p-t¼mgpw {_n-tbmsb X-s¶-bm-Wv A-takv HmÀ-a-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶Xv. I-dp¸pw _oPpw {_u-Wpw \n-d-§-fpsS {_ntbm Xoan X-s¶-bm-Wv Um-jv t_mÀ-Un-sâ cq-]-IÂ-¸-\. B-scbpw B-IÀ-jn-¡p-¶Xpw kp-J-I-cam-b co-Xn-bn X-¿m-dm-¡n-bn-cn-¡p-¶Xpamb ko-äp-IÄ A-ta-kn-s\ Iq-Sp-X kp-µ-c-am-¡p-¶p≠v. ]n-s¶ F-Sp-¯p]-d-tb≠Xv Im-_n³ kv-s]-bv-kmWv. ]n³hi-s¯ se-Kv dqw 930 Fw-F½mWv. aq-¶p-t]À-¡v Im-ep-IÄ \n-hÀ-¯n kp-JI-c-am-bn bm-{X sN¿mw F-¶-Xm-Wv {]-tXy-IX. c≠v I]v tlmÄUtdmSp IqSnb skâÀ Bw sdÌpw ]n³ Im_n\nep-≠v.
s]t{SmÄ ]Xn¸v hn-e (ZnÃn FIvkvtjmdqw) C t{KUv 4.99 e-£w CFIvkv t{K-Uv 5.24 e-£w Fkv t{KUv 5.62 e-£w hnFIvkv t{K-Uv - 6.60 e-£w Fkv t{KUv Hmt«mam-änIv 6.62 e-£w hnFIvkv t{KUv Hmt«mamän-Iv - 7.50 e£w Uok ]Xn¸v hne (ZnÃn FIvkvtjmdqw) C t{KUv CFIvkv t{KUv Fkv t{KUv hnFIvkv t{KUv
5.99 6.24 6.67 7.60
e£w e£w e£w e-£w
s]-t{SmÄ F©n³ 1.2 en-ä-dnsâ sF-hnsSIv s]t{SmÄ F©n³ 86.79 IpXnciàn ]
e-`y-am-b \n-d-§Ä aPÌnIv »q saäm-en-Iv ImÀ\oenb³ sdUv t]Ä AÀ_³ ssSäm\nbw saämenIv Aem_ÌÀ knÂhÀ saämenIv {InÌ »m¡v t]Ä S^oä ssh-äv
36
FaÀ-PnMv tIcf t amÀ¨v 2014
Hmt«m-sam-_oÂ
C-´y³ \n-c-¯p-I-fn-se ]pXn-b {K-lw
Pq-¸näÀ C´y³ \n-c-¯p-IÄ Io-gS-¡n ap-t¶dp¶ tlm≠ B-Îo-h-tbm-Sv a-Õ-cn¡m-\mbn Sn-hnF-kv, Pq-¸n-ä-dp-am-bn F-¯n-bn-cn-¡p-I-bm-Wv. B-Îoh-sb P-\-{]n-b-am-¡p-¶-Xn \nÀ-Wm-bIam-b km-t¦Xn-I hn-Zy-bpw kuIcy-§-fpw k-hn-ti-j-X-I-fp-saÃmw ]n-¶n-em-¡n-s¡m-≠m-Wv Pq-¸n-äÀ cq-]-IÂ-¸-\ sN-bv-Xn-cn-¡p-¶-Xv. i-Ðw Xo-sc IpdhpÅXpw Aepan\n b¯n \nÀan¨Xp-am-b {^n-£³ Ipd-ª F©n-\m-Wv Pq-¸n-ä-dn-sâ {] [m\ k-hn-tj-j-X. sPâ v-kv kv-Iq«À K-W-¯n-em-Wv Sn-hn-F-kv X-§-fp-sS hym-g-{Kls¯ A-h-Xcn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xv. G-sd a-Õ-c-apÅ 110 kn-kn kv-Iq-«À hn-`m-K-¯n-te-¡vPq-¸näÀ Iq-Sn F-¯p-¶-tXm-sS a-äp I-¼-\n-IÄ-¡v aÕ-cw I-Sp-¸-am-Ipw.
A_v-tkmÀj³ kkv-s]³j³ LSn¸n¨ncn¡p-¶p. ]n-¶n Kym-kv NmÀ-Pv-Uv dn-bÀ k-kv-s]³-j-\m-Wv D-]-tbm-Kn-¡p-¶Xv. tam-t«mÀ ssk-¡n-fn \n-¶v DÄs¡m-≠p \nÀ-an-¨ Cu k-kv-s]³-j-\p-IÄ bm-{Xn-IÀ-¡v an-I-¨ k-hm-cn-bm-Wv hm-Kv-Zm-\w sN-¿p-¶Xv. kp-J-Icam-b hen-b ko-äm-Wv Pq-¸n-ä-dn-sâ a-säm-cp {]-tXy-I-X. F-¶m hm-l-\-¯n F-Sp-¯p]-d-tb≠-Xv tS-Wnw-Kv td-Un-b-km-Wv. 1910 an-Ãoaoädm-bn sa-¨-s¸-Sp¯n-b tSWnw-Kv td-Unb-kv bq-tS¬ F-fp-¸-am-¡p-¶p-≠v. 375 an-an {^-≠v se-Kv kv-s]-bv-kv Im-ensâ B-bm-kw Ip-d-bv-¡p¶p. ZoÀ-LZq-c bm-{X-I-fpw km-[n-¡p-¶ co-Xn-bn-em-Wv Pq-¸n-ä-dn-sâ Un-ssk³.
kpc-£ G-Xp hm-l\ - a - m-bmepw kp-c£ hf-sc {]-[m-\a - mWv. C-cpN-{I hm-l\ - § - Ä A-]I - S- ¯ - nÂ-s¸-Sp-hm-\pw tamjWw t]m-Ip-hm-\pw km[y-X G-sd-bmWv. C-Xp Xn-c-n ¨-dnªp-sIm-≠v \n-c-h-[n Im-cy-§-fm-Wv Pq-¸n-ä-dn H-cp-¡n-bn-cn-¡p-¶-Xv. \à I-cp-¯p-Å sa-ä t_m-Un-, s̳-sekv kv-äoÂ, a-^v-fÀ KmÀ-Uv F¶n-h hm-l\¯n-\v `w-Knbpw kp-c-£bpw \Â-Ip¶p. sN-cn-ª
F©n³ Sn-hn-F-kn-sâ Xs¶ hotKmbnep]tbmKn¡p¶ 110 knkn F©n-\mWv Pq-¸n-ä-dnepw LSn¸n¨ncn¡p¶Xv. 8.1 F³Fw N{I-ho-cy-am-Wv CXv hm-l-\-¯n-\v ]-I-cp-¶Xv. Hcp enäÀ s]t{Smfn\v 62 IntemaoäÀ ssa-te-Pv I¼\n hmKvZm\w sN¿p¶p. hm-Kv-Zm-\w sN-bv-X ssa-te-Pv \n-c-¯p-I-fnepw e-`n-¡p-sa-¦n Cu sk-Kvsaân G-ä-h-pw Iq-Sp-X ssa-te-Pp-Å hm-l-\-sa-¶ Jym-Xnbpw Pq-¸n-ä-dn-\p kz-´-am-Ipw. 11.42 sk-¡ân-\p-Ån 60 In-tem-ao-ä-À kv-]o-Un hml\w F-¯p-sa-¶m-Wv I-¼-\n-bp-sS a-säm-cp hm-Kv-Zm\w. C-tX sk-Kvsaân h-cp¶ tlm-≠ B-Îo-h-bp-am-bn Xm-c-X-ay-s¸-Sp-¯p-t¼mÄ F©n³ ]-hÀ Iq-Sp-X Pq¸n-ä-dn-\mWv. 109 knkn F©n\mWv tlm≠ BÎnhbn LSn¸n¨n«pÅ-Xv.
bm-{Xmkp-Jw hotKmbn D]tbmKn¡p¶ AtX kkv-s]³j³ knÌw Xs¶bmWv SnhnFkv Pq¸nädnepw D]tbmKn ¡p¶Xv. ap¶n sSenkv-tIm]n-Iv {^-≠v tjm-¡v FaÀ-Pn-Mv tIcf t amÀ¨v 2014
e-`yam-b I-f-dpIÄ thmÄ¡mt\m sdUv ssS-äm-\nbw t{K an-Uv-ss\-äv »m-¡v {]n-Ìo³ ssh-äv
Ø-e-§-fnepw Ip-≠nepw Ip-gn-bnepw ]mÀ-¡v sN-¿phm ³ km-[n-¡p-¶ X-c-¯n cq-]s¸-Sp-¯n-bn-cn-¡p-¶ ]mÀ-¡nw-Kv t{_-¡pw I-Å-¯m-t¡m D-]-tbm-Kn-¨v Xp-d¡-m\m-Im-¯ Io j-«Àtem¡pw kp-c-£-bp-sS A-\p-_Ô Im-cy-§-fm-Wv. X-nc-¡p-Å Ø-e-§-fnepw tlm¬ \n-tcm[n-X ta-J-e-I-fnepw ]m-kv ss_ kzn-¨v D-]-tbmKn¨v (sse-äv an-¶p-I-bpw sX-fn-bp-Ibpw sN-¿p-hm-\p-Å k-t¦Xw) Hm-hÀ-tS-¡v- sN-bv-Xp- t]m-Imhp-¶-XmWv. ]-t£, kp-c-£-bn G-ähpa[n-Iw F-Sp-¯p-]-d-tb-≠Xv hen-b hoÂs_-bv-kv X-s¶-bm-Wv. 1275 an-Ão-aoäÀ hoÂs_-bv-kv hm-l-\-¯n-\v A-[n-Iw Øn-c-X \Â-Ip-¶p≠v.
F-Sp-¯p]-d-tb-≠ k-hn-ti-j-X-IÄ Un-ssk-\n au-en-I-am-bn G-sd am-ä-§-fm-Wv Pq-¸nä-dn-\p-Å-Xv. ]p-d-¯p-Å s]-t{SmÄ Sm-¸v, ko-äv Xp-d-¡msX X-s¶ CÔ-\w \n-d-bv-¡p-hm³ k-lm-bn-¡p-¶p. kv-Iq-«À hn-]-Wn-bn B-Zy-am-bn A-h-X-cn-¸n-¨ F-¡tWm-ao-äÀ hm-l-\-¯n-sâ C-Ô-\-£-aX-sb \n À-Wbn-¡p-¶p≠v. bm-{XnI-\v C-ãm-\p-kc-Ww F-fp-¸-¯n C-t¡m, ]-hÀ tam-Up-I-fnte-¡p hm-l-\-s¯ sN-bv-©v sN-¿mw. Ct¡m tam-Uv \à C-Ô-\-£-a-X-bpw ]-hÀ tam-Uv \à ]n-¡vA-¸p-am-Wv {]-[m-\w sN-¿p-¶-Xv. C-tXm-sSm-¸w tem ^yq-h C³-Un-t¡-j³ Iq-Sn tN-cp-t¼mÄ C-Ô-\-anÃm-sX h-cp-¶-Xv H-gn-hm-¡m \pw km-[n-¡pw. a-äp hm-l-\-§-fnep-Å-Xn-t\¡mÄ hf-sc sX-fn-¨-ap-Å slUv-sse-äm-Wv Pq-¸n-ä-dn-tâ-Xv. ]n³-hi-s¯ FÂ-C-Un sseäpw F-Sp-¯p]-d-tb-≠XmWv. ]n³-h-i-s¯ sse-äv \n-c´-cw {]-Im-in¨p-sIm≠n-cp-¶mepw F©n-sâ C-e-{În-¡Â tem-Uv an-\n-aw B-bn-cn-¡p-sa-¶-Xm-Wv a-säm-cp {]-tXyI-X. a-S-¡p-hm³ km-[n-¡p-¶ C-c-« lp-¡p-IÄ, koän-\-Sn-bnse 17 en-äÀ kv-täm-td-Pv ku-Icyw F-¶n-h e-tK-Pp-IÄ sIm≠p-t]m-Ip-hm³ ku-I-cy-{]-Z-am-Wv. lp-¡p-IÄ a-S-¡p-hm³ km-[n-¡p-sa-¶Xp-sIm-≠v ap³-h-i-¯pw Iq-Sp-X e-tK-Pp-IÄ sIm≠pt]m-Imw. F-¶m C-¶-s¯ bp-hm-¡Ä-¡v G-ähpw Kp-W-I-c-am-Ip-hm³ t]m-Ip¶-Xv sam-ss_ NmÀ-PnwKv t]mÀ-«m-sW-¶v tXm-¶p¶p. bm-{X sN-¿p-t¼mgpw sam-ss_ NmÀ-Pv sN-¿p-hm³ km-[n-¡p¶-Xv G-sd B-IÀjIamWv. C-Kv\ojyw kn-Ì-am-Wv a-säm-cp {]-tXy-I-X. Cu km-t¦Xn-I hn-Zy A-\p-k-cn-¨v h-≠nbp-sS ap-I-fn-ep-Å `m-c-hpw- DuÀ-P B-h-iyhpw \n-c´-c-am-bn {K-ln-¨v \à k-hm-cnbpw an-I¨ ssa-tePpw D-d-¸ph-cp-¯m³ km-[n-¡p¶p.
37
C³U-kv{Sn t^m¡kv
dnb F-tÌäv
tIcfob dn-bÂF-tÌ-äv cw-Kw amµy-¯n-sâ ]n-Sn-bne-aÀ¶ I-gnª hÀjw e-£z-dn A-¸mÀ-«v-saâp-IfS-¡w Ggv t{]mP-Îp-IÄ ]qÀ-¯n-bm-¡p-hm\pw ]pXn-b B-dp t{]m-P-ÎpIÄ B-cw-`n-¡p-hm\pw A-k-äv tlmwkn\p km-[n¨p. k-aq-lt¯mSpw D-]-t`m-àmhn-t\mSpw {]-Xn_-²-X Im-¯pkq£n-¡p-¶ Ak-äv tlmwkv 2020 2000 tIm-Sn cq-]-bp-sS _n-kn\-kv e-£y-am-¡n sIm¨n-bnepw Xncp-h-\-´-]p-c-¯pw tIm«-b¯pw I®qcpw Xr-iq-cp-ambn kz-]v-\-`-h-\-§Ä ] Sp¯pbÀ¯p-I-bmWv.`h\-\nÀamW cwK¯v kphyàhpw kpiàhpamb km¶n[yapd¸n¡p¶Xn\pff ]²XnIfmWv Akäv tlmwkv BhnjvIcn¨v \S¸nem¡n hcp¶Xv. tImÀ¸tdäv KthW³kv, s{]m^jWenkw XpS§nb ASnØm\aqey§fne[njvTnXamb {]hÀ¯\§fneqsS C´ybnse Gähpw hnizkvXamb {_m³Uv F¶ Øm\t¯-¡v \o-§p¶ Ak-äv tlmw-knsâ -hn-ti-j-X-I fpw hn-P-b-¯n \nÀ-Wm-b-I-am-b L-S-I-§fpw ]-¦p-h-bv¡pI-bm-Wv A-k-äv tlmw-kv am-t\-Pnw-Kv U-b-d-ÎÀ hn kp-\nÂ-Ip-amÀ.
kpPojv sI Fkv
sd
sdkv-t]m¬-kn-_nÄ _nÂ-U-sd-¶ Sm-Kvsse-\pam-bn Np-cp§n-b Im-e-b-f-hn-\p-Ån tI-c-f-¯n-se \nÀam-W ta-J-e-bn \nÀWm-bI Øm-\w D-d-¸n-¨ Ak-äv tlmw-kv A-©v \-K-c-§-fn-em-bn 50 `h\ \n ÀamW ]²XnIÄ ]qÀ¯o-I-cn-¡m-\p-Å H-cp-¡-¯n-em-Wv. {]-hÀ-¯-\-am-cw-`n-¨v B-dv hÀ-j-§Ä-¡p-Ån D-]-t`mà-m-hn-sâ k-¦Â-¸-¯n-\pw B-{K-l-§Ä-¡-pa¸p-d-apÅ 33 ]-²-Xn-IÄ hn-P-b-I-cambn ]qÀ-¯n-bm-¡n-b Ak-äv tlmw-kn-sâ 14 t{]m-P-Îp-I-fp-sS \nÀ-amWw sIm¨n, Xn-cp-h-\-´-]pcw, tIm-«bw, I-®qÀ, Xr-iqÀ F-¶n-hn-S-§fn- ]p-tcm-K-an-¡p¶p. k-a-bÔ -- n-Xam-b \nÀ-amWw, t{] m-P-Îp-I-fp-sS FÃm ta-J-e-bnepw Im-¯p-kq-£n-¡p¶ Kp-W-ta·, \q-dv i-X-am-\w D-d¸v \Â-Ip-¶ hn¸-\m\´-c tkh-\w F-¶o aq-¶v Im-cy-§-fn-e-[n-jvTnX-am-bn \o-§n-b-Xm-Wv Ak-äv tlmwkn-sâ hn-P-b-¯n \n À-Wm-b-I-am-b-Xv. ]-²-Xn-I-tfm-SpÅ AÀ-¸-W a-t\m-`m-h¯n-sâbpw D-]-t`màm-¡-Ä-¡n-S-bnse kzo-Im-cy-X-bpsSbpw ]n³_--e-¯n 2013þ14 km-¼¯n-I hÀ-jw Ggv t{]m-PÎpIÄ Ak-äv tlmw-kv ]qÀ-¯o-I-cn-¨v ssI-amäw sN-¿p-Ibp≠mbn.
am-ä-§-fp-sS _nÂUÀ `-h-\ \nÀam-W ta-J-e-bn \n-ch-[n a-m-ä-§Ä-¡v Xp-S-¡w-Ip-dn¨ _nÂ-U-dm-Wv Ak-äv tlmw-kv. dn-bÂän sk-Kvsaân F-bv-Pv I¬-sk-]v-än A-[n-ãn-X-am-bn Un-Pn-ä tlmw-kv B-Zy-am-bn A-h-X-cn-¸n-¨-Xv Ak-äv tlmw-km-bn-cp-¶p. \qX\ Bib§fpsSbpw B[p\n I kuIcy§fpsSbpw ]pXp]p¯³ s{S³-UpIÄ kzImcyXbv¡p ap³Xq¡w \ÂIn AhXcn¸n¡phm³ Akäv tlmwkn\p Ignªp. C¯-cw B-[p\n-I ]-²-Xn-IÄ ]-e-cp-sSbpw kz-]v-\-am-bn am{Xw \n-¶t¸m-gm-Wv Ak-äv tlmw-kv C-h {]m-hÀ¯n-I-am-¡nbXv. A-Xymw-Uw_c A-¸mÀ-«p-saâpIÄ, hnÃIÄ, kvssI hnÃIÄ, e-£zdn, sse-^vssÌÂ,_P-äv A-¸mÀ-«psaâpIÄ, kÀ-ho-kv A-¸mÀ-«v-saâ v, knBÀPn (t¢mkv dntej³ {Kq¸v) A¸mÀSvsaâpIÄ, tkm-tlm (kv-tamÄ Hm-^o-kv tlmw Hm-^okv) A-¸mÀ-«v-saâpIÄ, hm-«À hyq- A-¸mÀ-«v-saâ v, Su¬-lu-kpIÄ F-¶n§-s\ hn-]p-eam-b DÂ-¸-¶þtk-h-\-\n-c-bm-Wv Ak-äv tlmwkntâ-Xv. Ct¸mÄ CS-¯-c-¡m-cpsS `h\ kz]v\-§Ä km£m-XvI-cn-¡p-¶-Xn-\mbn tkmjy luknwKv F¶ ]pXn-sbmcp hn`m-K-¯n\v Xs¶ cq]w-sIm-Sp-
38
sdkv-t]m¬-k
Ak-äv
Wp-Å-sX-¶v Akäv tlmwkv FIvknIyq«nhv ¡pIbmWv Akäv tlmwkv. UbdIvSÀ A\n hÀa ]-d-bp-¶p. Po-h-\-¡msshhn[yhXvIcW¯nsâ cp-ambn an-I-¨ _-Ôw \n-e-\n-À-¯p-hm\pw an-I-¨ `mKambn C´ybnse hnhn[ i-¼-fhpw \à ]-Z-hnbpw A-hÀ¡p \Â-Im-\pw \Kc§fn 20 apX 30 Ak-äv tlmwkv {i²n-¡p-¶p-s≠¶v At±lw e£w cq]hneaXn¡p¶ hy-à-am-¡p-¶p. AXym[p\nI kuIcy§fmWv At^mÀU_nÄ luknwKv Akäv tlmwknsâ t{]mPIvSpIfpsS t{]mPIvSpIfmWv Akäv apJap{Z. ]²XnIÄ¡mbn sXcsªSp¡p¶ tlmwkv \S¸nem¡phm³ Øe§fpsS {]tXyIXIÄ kq£vaambn ] DtZyin¡p¶ asämcp ]²Xn. Tn¨mWv Hmtcm t{]mPIvSpw Bcw`n¡p¶Xv. AXn\p ]pdta, hnj³ Szân bm{Xm kuIcyw, `q{]tXyIXIÄ, Pee`yX, SzânbneqsS Sqdnkw taJe {][m\ tI{µ§fpsS kmao]yw F¶nh {] bnse ASnØm\ kuIcy tXyIw ]cnKWn¡p¶p. hnIk\ cwK¯pw apXnÀ¶ km-aq-ly {]-Xn--²-X-bv-¡v G-sd {]m-[m-\yw \ ]uc³amÀ¡mbpÅ ]²XnI ÂIp-¶-Xn-\m X-®oÀ¯-S-§Ä \n-I-¯nbpw fpw Akäv tlmwkv e£yan\n-ba§-Ä A-«n-a-dn¨pw sI-«n-S-§Ä ]-Sp-¯pSp-¶p. kz-´-am-bn \nÀ-am-W A-\nÂ- hÀ-a bÀ-¯p-¶ co-Xn Ak-äv tlmw-kn-\nÃ. \m-«n-se kw-hn-[m-\-§fpw sXm-gn-emF-Iv-kn-Iyq-«o-hv U-b-d-ÎÀ \n-b-a-§-tfmSpw s]m-Xp-P\-§-tfmSpw D-]-t`mfn-I-fp-ap-Å C-´y-bn-se Aàm-¡-tfm-Sp-saÃmw {]-Xn--_²-X Im-¯p kq]qÀ-hw _nÂ-UÀ-amcnsem-¶m£n-¡p¶Xn-eq-sS sdkv-t]m¬-kn-_nÄ _nÂ-U-sd-¶ Wv Ak-äv tlmw-sk-¶v kp\n IpamÀ ]dªp. \n Sm-Kvsse-\nt\m-Sv \o-Xn-]p- eÀ-¯m³ Ak-äv tlmw-kn-\v À-am-W-¯n\v I-cmÀ-tPm-en-¡m-sc B-{i-bn-¡m-¯Xp sIm≠.v an-I-¨ Kp-W-\n-e-hm-chpw k-a-b_-Ôn-Xam-b \n km-[n-¡p-¶p-s≠-¶v kp\n IpamÀ ]dbp¶p. À-am-Whpw D-d-¸p-h-cp-¯n D]t`màm¡Ä¡v IqSpX Ak-äv sI-bÀ anI¨ tkh\w \ÂIphm\mIp-¶ps≠¶pw kp\n IpamÀ Iq-«nt¨À¯p. Ip-Spw--{io-bn-se Aw-K-§Ä-¡v sXmk-aq-l-¯n-se FÃm¯cw D-]-t`m-àm-¡-fp-am-bpw gn e-`y-am-¡n-s¡m≠v kv-{Xo-im-àoI-c-W cw-K-¯pw Iq-Sp-X A-Sp-¡p-¶-Xn\pw A-h-cp-sS B-h-iy-§fpw XmtI-c-fkÀ-¡mcn-s\m-¸w H-cp kp-{][m-\ ap-t¶-ä-¯n- ¸-cy-§fpw \n-d-th-äp-¶-Xn-\p-apÅ Ak-äv tlmw-kn-sâ Ak-äv tlmw-kv ]-¦m-fn-bm-bn. ]²XnbpsS ss]eäv {]-tXy-I hn-`m-K-am-Wv A-k-äv sIbÀ. t]-cp kq-Nn-¸nt{]mPIvSv, Akäv tlmwknsâ ISh{´bnepÅ Akäv ¡-pw t]m-se D-]-t`m-àm¡-sf sI-bÀ sN-¿p-I-bmWv t]mÀ«nt¡m F¶ A-¸mÀ«vsaâ vkap¨b¯nemWv Cu Øm]-\-¯n-sâ e-£yw. Câo-cn-bÀ Un-ssk-\nw-Kv, Bcw`n¨Xv. _nÂUnwKv sabnâ\³kv cwKs¯ t{]m-¸À-«n am-t\-Pv-saâ v, a-äp sa-bnâ-\³-kv hÀ-¡p-IÄ hnhn[ taJeIfn hn-ZKv[ ]cnioe\w t\Snb F-¶n-h D-]-t`m-àm-¡-fp-sS A-`yÀ-°-\ A-\p-k-cn-¨v ]¯v IpSpw_{io AwK§fpÅ SoamWv _nÂUnwKv sN-bv-XpsIm-Sp-¡p-hm\pw Ak-äv sI-b-dn-\p km-[n-¡psabnâ\³kv \nÀhln¡p¶Xv. Akäv tlmwknsâ ¶p≠v. ]²-Xn \-S-¸n-em-¡p-¶ L-«-¯n A-¸mÀ-«v-saânaäv A¸mÀSvsaâpI-fnepw L«w L«ambn ]²Xn \ \v B-h-iyam-b Im-cy-§-Ä kq-£v-a-am-bn ]cn-tim-[n-¨v S¸nem¡p¶p. \-S-¸n-em-¡p-¶-Xn-epw I-Ì-a-dp-sS B-h-iy-a-\p-k-cn-¨v A-h-sb ]-cp-h-s¸-Sp-¯p¶-Xn-epw A-k-äv sI-bÀ hfkw-Xr-]v-Xcm-b D-]-t`m-àm-¡fpw sc \nÀ-Wm-b-I-am-b ]-¦m-Wv h-ln-¡p¶Xv. Câo-cn-bÀ Po-h-\-¡m-cpw Un-ssk-\nw-Kn-\v B-hiyam-b D-¸-¶-§Ä hm-§n B-dv hÀ-jw sIm≠v tI-c-f-¯n-se ap³\n-c _nÂ-U- \Â-IÂ, A-¸mÀ-«v-saâ v hm-§n-b-Xn-\p ti-j-ap-Å ]-cmXn-IÄ ]-cn-lcn-¡Â, sk-Iyq-cnän, A-¸mÀ-«v-saâ v Adm-Im³ Ak-äv tlmw-kn-\v I-cp-¯p\Â-Inb-Xv kw-Xrtkm-kn-tb-j³ cq-]o-I-c-Ww F-¶n-§-s\-bp-Å FÃm ]v-Xcm-b D-]-t`m-àm-¡-fpw B-ßmÀ-° tkh-\w \-S¯p¶ Po-h-\-¡m-cp-am-Wv. I-Ì-ta-gvkn-t\-msS¶ t]m-se B-hiy-§-fnepw B-Zymhkm\w kPo-h km-¶n-[y-am-bn A-sk-äv sI-b-À D-]-t`m-àm-hn-sâ Iq-sS-bp≠m-Ipw. Poh\¡mtcmSpw XnIª D-¯-c-hm-Zn-¯ -a-t\m-`m-h-amFaÀ-PnMv tIcf t amÀ¨v 2014
amt\-Pv-saâv
kn-_nÄ _nÂUÀ
tlmw-kv Aw-Ko-Im-c-§-fp-sS sIm-Sp-ap-Sn-bn B-dv hÀ-j-¡m-e-¯n-\n-S-bn `h\ \nÀam-W- cwK¯v X\Xp ap{Z ]Xn-¸n¨, KpW-ta-·bnepw \nÀamW an-I-hnepw {it²-b-cmb Akäv tlmwknsâ `h-\-\n ÀamW ]²-Xn-IÄ \n-ch[n tZ-iob, A´ÀtZ-iob AwKo-Im-c-§Ä Ic-Ø-am-¡n-bn-«p≠v. cm-Py-s¯ G-ä hpw hen-b dn-bÂFkv-tä-äv td-änwKm-b {Inkn skh³ ÌmÀ td-änw-Kv, c≠p ]-²-Xn-IÄ-¡v e-`n-¨ tI-c-f-¯n-se G-I _nÂ-U-dm-Wv Ak-äv tlmwkv. _q«nIv kv-ssI hnà ]-²-Xn-Ifmb tXhcbnse Akäv Imk {Km³sU, Xncph\´]pcs¯ Akäv knKv-t\-¨À F-¶n-h-bneqsS-bm-Wv Ak-äv tlmw-kv {Inkn Aw-Ko-Im-c-¯n-\v
]m-{X-am-b-Xv. tIcf¯nemZyambn {Inkn skh³ ÌmÀ tdäUv t{]mP-Iv-Sv ]qÀ¯nbm¡nb _nÂUsd¶ AwKoImchpw, Akäv kn-Kvt\¨dneqsS Akäv tlmwkn-\v kz´ambn. dnbÂFtÌäv cwK¯v kp{]-[m\ AwKo-Im-c§-fmb CâÀ\m-j-W t{]m¸À«n AhmÀUv 2011, C´y-bnse tamÌv Ct¶m-th-änhv t{]mP-IvSn-\pÅ knF³_nkn s{IUmbv dnbÂFtÌäv AhmÀUvkv 2010, C´y-bn-se bp-h kw-cw-`-IÀ¡pÅ dnbÂän FIvk-e³kv AhmÀUv 2011, anI¨ BÀ¡n-sS-IvNdn-\p Å KqKnÄ »qw_ÀKv Gjym ]k-^nIv A-hmÀUv 2011, {_n«ojv ku¯v C´y tNw_À Hm^v sImta-gv-knsâ 2013-se dnbÂFkv-tääv AhmÀUv, 2013 tI-cf-¯n-se
hn kp-\nÂ-Ip-amÀ
am-t\-Pnw-Kv U-b-d-ÎÀ G-ähpw an-I-¨ _nÂ-UÀ-¡p-Å tI-c-f F³Pn-\n-tb-gvknsâ ]p-c-kv-Imcw, tI-c-f tÌ-äv _n-kn\-kv F-Iv-ke³-kv A-h-mÀ-Uv Xp-S§n-b H-t«-sd Aw-Ko-Im-c-§fpw ]p-c-kv-Im-c-§fpw Ak-äv tlmw-kv I-cØ - a - m-¡n-bn-«p≠v. IqSmsX, Bephbnse knÂhÀ kzm-\n-eqsS Akäv tlmw-kn\v {Inkn knIvkv kämÀ tdäUv AwKo-Imchpw IcØ-am-¡m-\mbn. tam-kä v- v e-b_-nÄ dn-bÂF-ktv- ääv {_m³-Uv C-³ C³Uy F-¶ hn-j³ A-Sn-Øm-\a - m-¡n \o-§p-¶ Ak-äv tlmw-kn-s\ 2020Hm-sS 2000tIm-Sn cq-] _n-kn\-kv DÅ I-¼\ - n-bm-¡p-Ib - m-Wv e-£y-sa-¶v I¼\n km-cY - n-IÄ hy-àa - m-¡p¶p. tImÀ-¸t- d-äv I-¼\ - n-If - p-sS \nÀ-am-W {- ]-hÀ-¯\ - § - Ä G-sä-Sp-¯v \-S¯ - p¶ tIm¬{Sm-Îv Un-hn-j\pw Ak-äv tlmw-kv B-cw-`n-¨n-«p≠v.
Im-k {Km³-sU F-d-Wm-Ip-f-s¯ G-ähpw an-I-¨ {]o-an-bw s{]m-P-Îp-Ifn-sem-¶mbn hn-tj-jn-¸n-¡m-hp-¶-
XmWv tX-h-c-bn-epÅ Ak-äv tlmw-kn-sâ Im-k {Km³-sU. A-¸mÀ-«v-sa-sâ-¶-Xn-t\-¡mÄ -Im-k {Km³-sU-sb kvssI hnà F-¶v hn-ti-jn-¸n-¡p¶-Xm-Wv DNn-Xw. H-cp ^v-tfm-dn H-cp ^v-fm-äv am-{X-ta-b-p-Åp-sh-¶-Xm-Wv C-Xn-sâ {][m-\ khn-tijX. -H-cp hnÃ-bp-sS FÃmhn-[ t\«§fpw A-tXm-sSm-¸w X-s¶ D-d¸m-b kp-c-£n-X-Xzhpw C-Xn-eq-sS e-`n-¡p-¶p≠v. Hmtcm ^v-fm-än-te¡pw
FaÀ-Pn-Mv tIcf t amÀ¨v 2014
{]-tXy-I kpc-£m ImÀ-Uv D-]-tbm-Kn-¨v am-{X-ta {]-th-in-¡m³ I-gn-bp-I-bpÅp. \m-ephi-¯p \n¶pw ip-²am-b Imäpw sh-fn-¨hpw e-`n-¡p-¶ X-c-¯n-em-Wv cq-]-IÂ-¸-\. H-cp kv-Iz-bÀ-^o-än-\v ]-Xn-\m-bn-cw cq-]-bm-Wv hn-e. ssN\bnse jmMvlmbnbn \S¶ NS§n Im-k {Km³-sU-bv¡v CâÀ\mjW t{]m¸À«n AhmÀUv e-`n-¨n-cp¶p. Cu AhmÀUv t\Sp¶ tIcf¯nse G-I t{]m-P-Îm-Wv Akäv tlmwkn-sâ Im-k {Km³-sU. aq-¶-ct¡m-Sn-bm-Wv H-cp ^v-fm-än-sâ hne.
39
amt\-Pv-saâv
Thinking Business... _n -kn\kpIÄ¡v Nn´n¡phm³ Ignbptam?
amb {]mtbmKnI D]tbmK¯nsâ {]m[m \yw \mw Xncn¨dnbpIbpÅq. sNdnsbmcp _n-kn\kn Bib§fpsS cq]oIcWhpw tIÄ¡pt¼mÄ XnI¨pw {]tbmKhpw Ipd¨v hyànIfn am{Xw {`m´amb Bibw. Hcp tI{µoIcn¨ncn¡pt¼mÄ henb _n-kn\ hyàn Nn´n¡p¶Xpt]m kpIfn Ch Hcp]mSv Xe§fnte¡v se Nn´n¡phm\pw s]cpamhym]oIcn¡s¸«ncn¡p¶p. _n-kn\knsâ kp-[oÀ dphm\pw _n-kn\-kp-IÄ¡v \mUohyhØsb¶v thWsa¦n \ _m_p F§s\ Ignbpw. _n-kn\ ap¡nXns\ kqNn¸n¡mw. C¯csamcp \mUokv F¶p]dbp¶Xv ka{Kamb hyhØbpsS kq£vaamb cq]oIcWhpw {] H-cp Bib¯nsâ aqÀ¯cq]amIp¶p. km-am\ytbmKhpw _n-kn\kpIsf "Nn´n¡p¶ _n-k¦Â¸¯nsâ (Concept) {]mtbmKnIXe¯nepÅ kn\kp'Ifm¡n amäp¶p. {]tbmKhpw (Application) hn`h§fpw (Resources) GsXmcp _n-kn\kn\pw H-cp kzm`mhnI a\pjy hn`htijnbpsS {]bXv\hpw H¯ptNÀ¶ hfÀ¨bp≠v. (Natural Growth). amÀ¡än\m k-¼qÀWamb Hcp BhmkhyhØ (Ecsoystem) hiyam-b D¸¶§fpw tkh\§fpw bmWv _n-kn\kv F¶v \ap¡v ImWphm³ Ignbpw. \ÂIphm³ Ignbp¶ _n-kn\kpIÄ ]ckv]chpw Npäp]mSpIfpambpw kwthZn¡pIbpw kzm`mhnIamb hfÀ¨ t\Sp¶p. Cu {]XnIcn¡pIbpw sN-¿p-¶Xn-s\m-¸w ]ckv] kzm`mhnI hfÀ-¨ D¸¶§fptStbm cw A`nhr²n¡mbn Hcpan¨v {]hÀ¯n¡pIbpw kÀhokpIfptStbm BhiyIX (DeKpW^e§Ä ]¦phbv¡pIbpw sN¿p¶ D¯aamb mand)bnse hyXymkw, P\kwJybpsS Hcp BhmkhyhØ. BhmkhyhØbnse Hmtcm hÀ[\hv F¶nhbpambn t\cn«v _ L-S-I-hpw X§fpsS Npa-X-e-I-sf-¡p-dn¨v IrXyamb Ôs¸«ncn¡p¶p. bmsXmcp {iahpw Bhiy t_m[w ]peÀ¯pIbpw hyhØbpsS Hcpan¨pÅ anÃmsX Xs¶ ChnsS _n-kn\kpIÄ e£y{]m]vXn¡mbn {]hÀ¯n¡pIbpw sN¿pt¼mÄ kzm`mhnI hfÀ¨ t\Sp¶p. F¶m AhnsS {]hÀ¯n¡p¶Xv "kajvSnbmb a\kmWv' C¯cw kzm`mhnI hfÀ¨ `mhnbnte¡pÅ (Collective Mind). Hcpan¨v Nn´n¡pIbpw {] D¶Xnbpw KymcânbpamsW¶ sXän²mcW _nhÀ¯n¡pIbpw sN¿p¶ Hcp BhmkhyhØ kn\kpImc\n krjvSn¡s¸SpIbpw _n-kn\ Xs¶bmIp¶p _n-kn\kv. kv atbm]nbbv¡v ({lkzZrjvSn) ASnas¸SpIbpw _n-kn\kn kZmkabhpw \ne\nÂ-¡p¶, {] sN¿p¶p. A¯csamcp _n-kn\kns\ \ap¡v hÀ-¯n¨psImt≠bncn¡p¶ Cu IfIvSohv ssa³Uv Nn´n¡p¶ _n-kn\kv F¶ hntijW¯n \n¶v \½psS t_m[Xe¯nte¡pw {i²bnte¡pw Hgnhmt¡≠Xmbn hcpw. F¯nbm am{Xta CXnsâ bYmÀ°hpw iàhp Nn´n¡p¶ _n-kn\kpIÄ amä§Ä hcp¯ns¡mt≠bncn¡p¶p. Ct¸mÄ _n-kn\kn Ahew_n¨ncn¡p¶ hyhØIfnepw {] hÀ¯\§fnepw amä§Ä h-cp-¯ns¡m≠ÃmsX ZoÀLIme A`nhr²nbnte¡v F¯ns¸Sm³ km[yamInà F¶v a\ knem¡n XpS§p¶nS¯v Nn´n¡p¶ _n-kn\ kpIÄ cq]wsImÅp¶p. C¶v tem-I-¯n-\p-ap-¶n Po-hn-¨namäw A\nhmcyamsW¶pw cn-¡p-¶ ]mT-]p-kv-X-I-am-Wv Ah kabmkab§fn C. {io-[c³. A-Ûp-X-I-cam-b Bhiyamb cq]¯n kr-ãn-Nm-Xp-cyhpw `-c-W-]m-Shhpw {]tbmKn¡s¸«nsæn B-ZÀ-i\ - n-jT v bpw kw-Lm- S-\t- i-jnbpw _n-kn\kv kzm`mhnI Po-hn-Xe - m-fn-Xyhpw ssI-ap-X-em-¡n hfÀ¨bv¡¸pdw t\SnÃm C-´ybp-sS hn-I-k-\-]m-X-bn sb¶pw a\knem¡p¶ A-Xn-th-Kw k-©-cn-¨ F³-Pn-\obÀ. Hcp _n-kn\kpImc³ ~ 120 C-´y-bp-sS sa-t{Sm-am³ C. {io-[c-sâ Hcp kwkv¡mc¯nsâ {]-tNm-Z-Iam-b Po-hnXIY (culture) {]hmNI\mbn amdp¶p. sIâ¡n ss{^Uv ]n.hn. BÂ_n Nn¡³ (KFC) X§fpsS D¸¶t{iWnbnte¡v lr-Z-b-Ko-X-§-fn-eq-sS B-ßm-hn-sâ ]pXnsbmcp {KnÂUv N-μ-\-a-Wn-hm-Xn-ep-IÄ Xp-d-¶ Nn¡³ Iq«nt¨À¡p¶ Km-bI-sâ kw-Ko-X-Po-hn-X-bm-{X. Xpw sSmtbm« Izmfnkv ]m-«n ]-Xn-ª aq-¶p ]-Xn-äm|-n ]n³hen¨v Ct¶mh -eq-sS Pn. thWp-tKm-]m ]n-d-tIm-«p AhXcn¸n¡p¶Xpw \-S-¡p¶p. th-Wp-Km-\-§Ä t]mse, Nn´n¡p¶ _n-kn\ im-´hpw s\m-¼-c-hp-amWv Cu kv F¶ Bib¯nsâ A\p-`-h-temIw. _lnÀkv]pcW§fmWv. aebm-f-¯n-sâ {]n-b-Km-b-I³ X§fp-sS D¸¶§Ä thWp-tKm-]m-ensâ kva-c-W-I-fp-sS \nc´camb amä§Ä¡v ~ 100 hnt[bamIWw F¶ kw-Ko-X-bm{X kwkvImc¯nsâ {] Pn. th-Wp-tKm-]m / {io-Pn-¯v sI. hm-cnbÀ tbmKw _n-kn\knsâ kakvX Xe§fnepw Un kn _pIvkv, Un kn Ing--s°apdn CSw, tIm´bw 686 001 k¶nthin¸n¡phm³ a0481˛256 3114, 9846133336 ccustomercare@dcbooks.com C¯cw Øm]\§Ä¡p Visit our online bookstore at www.dcbookshop.net, www.dcbooks.com Ignbp¶p. kzm`mhnIamb
Pohn-Xhpw HmÀ-½bpw kmaqlnIþkmw-kv-Imcn-I Po-hnX-s¯ kzm-[o-\n-¨ hy-Xykv-X hy-àn-Xz-§-fpsS ]p-kv-X-I§Ä
Pohn-X-hn-P-b-¯nsâ ]mT-]p-kvXIw
HmÀ-½-s¨-cm-XpIÄ
40
hfÀ¨tb¡mfp]cn temIw apgph³ ] SÀ¶p]´en¡phm³ C¯cw Øm]\§Ä¡p Ignbp¶ clkyhpw asäm¶Ã. Nn´n¡p¶ _nkn\kpIÄ kzm`mhnI hfÀ¨bv¡mbn Im¯p\n ¡p¶nÃ. AhcpsS hfÀ¨bpsS kz`mhhpw tXmXpw AhÀ \nÝbn¡p¶p. Nn´n¡p¶ _n-kn\kpIÄ \nc´cw X§fpsS {]hÀ¯nIÄ hniIe\w sN-bvXpsIm≠n-cn¡pw. Npäp]mSpIfnepw {]XntbmKnIfnepw hcp¶ amä§Ä kkq£vaw \nco£n¡p¶p. ]T\hpw ]co£W§fpw AhbpsS kwkvImc¯nsâ `mKamIp¶p. KpWI camb ]pXnbsX´pw kzoIcn¡p¶Xpw KpW] caÃm¯ ]gbsX´pw Xnckv¡cn¡p¶Xpw kzm`mhnIamb Hcp {]{Inbbmbn amdp¶p. Øm]\¯nse Hmtcm hyànbpw Cu kwkvImcw {]Xn^en¸n¡p¶p. amä§Ä ImeL«¯nsâ BhiyamsW¶pw AXpÄs¡mÅmªm ZoÀL Imew \n-e-\n¸nà F¶papÅ bmYmÀ°yw AhcpÄs¡mÅp¶p. Hmtcm {]{Inbbnepw \nc´ camb sa¨s¸Sp-¯Â (improvement) _n-kn\knsâ kz`mhamIp¶p. Ct¸mÄ \n¡p¶ Xe¯n \n ¶pw ASp¯ Xe¯nte¡v DbÀ¯s¸Spt¼mÄ AXpw A´naaà F¶ bmYmÀ°yw Nn´n¡p¶ _n-kn\ kpIÄ DÄs¡mÅp¶p. AXp-sIm≠pXs¶ \nc ´camb amä§fpw A`nhr²nbpw Nn´n¡p¶ _n-kn\ kpIsf hyXyØcm¡p¶p. Hmtcm BhmkhyhØbnepw AXnse LSI§fn Imem\pkrXamb hyXymk§Ä kw`hn¡p¶p. Ch AXns\ IqSpX Icp¯p-ä-Xm¡pIbpw A`nhr²ns¸Sp¯pIbpw sN¿p¶p. _nkn\knsâ BhmkhyhØ a\knem¡pIbpw AXns\ \n c´amb amä§Ä¡v hnt[bam¡pIbpw sNt¿≠Xv Nn´n¡p¶ Hcp _n-kn\kpImcsâ ISa bmWv. "cat eats rats'' F¶ ImeL«w amdn¡gnªp. Ct¸mÄ ""cat eats cats'' sâ ImeL«amWv. ]q¨IÄ ]q¨Isf Xs¶ Xn¶p¶p. NmÄkv UmÀhnsâ "Survival of the fittest'' F¶ kn²m´w _n-kn\ kpIÄ¡pw _m[IamWv. ChnsS ]nSn¨p \n ¡phm³ amä§Ä IqSntb Ignbq. \n§fpsS _nkn\kv "Nn´n¡p¶ _nkn-\-kmtWm' Nn´n¡q. hmb\: Take your Time by Eknath Easwaran. hmbn¨ncnt¡≠ at\mlcamb Hcp ]pkvXIw. sse{_dnbnte¡v Hcp apX¡q«pw. {]apJ amt\Pvsaâ v I¬kÄ«âpw ]cnioeI\pamb teJI³ FdWmIpfw tI{µambn {]hÀ¯n¡p¶ UohmeÀ amt\Pvsaâ v IÄkÄ«â vkv ss{]häv enanäUv amt\ PnwKv UbdIvSdmWv. Cu tImf¯n ssIImcyw sN¿p¶ hnjb§sf¡pdn¨pÅ kwib§Ä sudheerbabu@devalorconsultants.com F¶ Cþsabnente¡bbv¡mw.
FaÀ-PnMv tIcf t amÀ¨v 2014
Fsâ tIcfw
_Päv {]-Jym-]-\-§Ä \-S-¸n-em-¡m¯Xv
Irjn-a-{´n-bpsS ]n-Sn-¸p-tISv cm-{ão-bw kz-P-\-]-£-]m-X-¯n-epw A-gn-a-Xn-bnepw ap-§n \o-Xn-]qÀ-aÃm-Xm-Ip-I-bmWv. CXn-s\m-cp am-äw D-≠m-IWw. F-¶m Bw B-Zv-an AXn-s\m-cp \n-an¯-am-Ip-sa-¶ hn-iz-m-khpw F-\n-¡nÃ. C-t¸mÄ ap-Jy-a{´n AS-¡w sX-cp-hn-end-§n ka-cw sN-¿p-¶ I-Y-bm-Wv B ]mÀ-«n-¡p ]-d-bm-\p-ÅXv. ap-Jy-a-{´nbp-sS Npa-X-e k-a-c-aà `-c-W-am-Wv F-¶-Xv sI-PvcnhmÄ a-d-¡p-¶p, B-dp-am-k-¯n-\-¸p-dw B ]mÀ-«n-¡p B-bp-knÃ. A-Xn-\m¯-s¶ tI-c-f¯n AXns\-¡p-dn¨p Nn-´n-t¡-≠-XnÃ. Z-£ntW-´ysb A-dn-bm-¯ D-¯-tc-´y-¡mc-sâ cm-{ãob-am-bn am{Xw I-≠m a-Xn C-Xns\.
tIm-S-Xn-IÄ tI-c-f-s¯ A-cm-{ãob-h-Xv-I-cn-¡p-¶p-sh¶v K-h¬saâ v No-^v hn-¸v ]n kn tPmÀ-Pv. ]-Ýn-aL-«w kw-c-£n-¡-s¸-tS-≠Xm-Wv. ]-t£, I-]-S ]-c-n-Øn-Xn hm-Zn-IÄ tI-c-f-¯n-sâbpw a-\pjy-sâbpw hn-I-k-\-w X-S-bp-¶p. tI-c-f-¯n-\v c-≠m-a-sXm-cp `q-]cn-jv-I-c-Ww B-h-iy-am-sW¶pw h-Ip-¸p-a-{´n-am-cp-sS ]n-Sn-¸p-tI-SmWv _-P-än {]-Jym-]n-¡p-¶ ]-e ]-²-Xn-Ifpw \-S-¸n-em-Im-¯-Xn-\p ]n-¶n-se¶pw ]-d-bp-¶p F-sâ tIc-f-¯n-eq-sS ]n kn tPmÀ-Pv.
`q-]-cn-jv-I-cWw, kw-h-cWw, hn-Zym-`ymkw tI-c-f-¯n-sâ km-aqln-I kmw-kv-Imcn-I hn-I-k\-¯n- FÃm cm-{ão-b ]mÀ-«n-I-f-pw k-Po-h-am-bn C-S-s]-S-ep-IÄ \-S-¯n-bn-«p-≠v. ]-t£, \-ap-¡v C-\nbpw G-sd ap-t¶m«p-t]m-tI-≠n-bn-cn-¡p¶p. hn-Zym-`ym-k cwK-¯v B-[p\n-I bp-K-¯n-\v B-hiyam-b kn-en-_-kp-IÄ sIm-≠p-h-cWw. K-th-jW- X-e-¯nepw B-[p-\n-Iam-b am-ä-§Ä D-Ä-s¡mÅWw. PmXn kw-h-c-W-w Xp-S-cp-¶Xn-s\m-¸w Xs¶ c-≠m-a-sXm-cp `q-]-cn-jv-I-c-W-hpw C-¶s¯ km-l-Ncy-¯n A-\n-hm-cy-am-bn am-dn-bn-cn-¡p-¶p.
tI-
c-f-s¯ Ip-dn-¨p-Å Fsâ Im-gv-N-¸m-Sp-I-fn C-t¸mÄ G-ä-hp-a-[n-Iw {]m-[m-\y-apÅXv ]-Ýn-aL-«-¯n-\m-Wv. F-¶m I-kv-Xq-cn-cw-K³, am[-hv Km-Uv-Kn dn-t¸mÀ-«p-IÄ tI-c-f-¯n\pw \-½psS ]-Ýn-a-L-«-¯n\pw tbm-Pn¨XÃm¯-Xn-\m \-S-¸n-em-¡-cp-sX¶ A-`n-{]m-b-am-Wv F-\n-¡p-ÅXv. hÀ-¯am-\Im-e-¯v G-sd NÀ-¨ sN-¿-s¸-Sp-¶ hn-j-b-am-Wv ]-cn-Øn-Xn kw-c-£Ww. ]-cn-Øn-Xn BÀ-¡p-th-≠n- kw-c-£n-¡-s¸-S-W-sa-¶-XmWv Im-Xemb tNm-Zyw. ar-K-§-tf-¡mÄ a-\p-jyÀ-¡v ]-cnK-W-\ \Â-In-s¡m-≠p th-Ww ]-cn-kn-Yn-Xn-sb¡p-dn-¨v kw-km-cn-t¡≠Xv. a-\p-jy-\p Po-hn-¡m-\mhm-¯ km-l-Ncyw kr-ãn¨v ]-cn-Øn-Xn-sb-¡p-dn-¨v Nn-´n-t¡-≠- Im-cy-anÃ. AXp-sIm-≠mWv Km-UvKnÂ, Iw-kv-Xq-cn cw-K³ dn-t¸mÀ-«p-IÄ X-Ån-¡-f-tb≠-Xm-Ip-¶Xv. Cu dn-t¸mÀ-«p-IÄ {]-Imcw tIm«-bw PnÃ-bn-se Xo-t¡m-bn ]-cn-Øn-Xn tem-e {]-tZ-i-amIp-t¼mÄ, kw-c£n-¡-s¸-tS≠ hm-K-a¬ A-§-s\ I-W-¡m-¡-s¸Sp-¶nÃ. Cu dn-t¸mÀ-«p-IÄ kp-Xm-cya-sÃ-¶ hn-aÀ-i-\-¯n-\m-Wv C-Xp h-gn-h-bv-¡p-¶Xv.
ImÀ-_¬ s{I-Un-äv ^-≠n I-®p-h-bv-¡p-¶ ]-cn-Øn-Xnhm-ZnIÄ ]ÝnaL-«w kw-c-£n-¡-s¸-S-W-sa-¶v A-`n{]m-b-s¸-Sp-¶ ]-cn-Øn-Xn-hm-Zn-I-fn ]-e-cp-sS-bpw e£yw ]-W-w X-s¶-bm-sW-¶ Im-cy-¯n XÀ-¡-anÃ. ImÀ-_¬ s{I-Un-äv ^-≠v F-¶ t]-cn bp-s\kv-tImbn \n¶pw ]-Ww hm-§n-bp-Å ]-cn-]m-Sn-bm-Wn-hÀ e-£yw-h-bv¡p-¶Xv. C-sXm¶pw a-\-kn-em-Im-sX-bm-Wv hn-F-kv A-Nyp-Xm-\-µ³ A-S-¡-ap-Å-hÀ ]-cn-Øn-Xnhm-Zn-I-fp-sS Km-Uv-Kn t{]-a¯ns\m-¸w \nÂ-¡p-¶Xv. C-¶v tI-c-f-¯n- 28 i-X-am-\-t¯m-fw Im-Sm-sW¶v Km-Uv-Kn X-s¶ k-½-Xn-¡p-¶p≠v. a-äp hen-b kw-Øm-\-§-fn t]m-epw 19 i-X-am\-ta h-\-ap-Å-qsh¶Xpw Iq-«n-hm-bn-¡p-t¼mÄ tIc-fw h-\kw-c-£-W¯nepw ap-¶n-em-sW-¶v k-½-Xn-t¡-≠n h-cpw. 1980\p ap¼v h-\w ssI-tb-dn-bpÅ Ir-jn hym-]I-am-bn-cp¶p. F-¶m C-¶v tI-c-f-¯n C-sXÃmw Ip-d-hmWv. ImÀ-jn-I-am-bn \-ap-s¡m-cp \à kw-kv-Im-cam-Wv th-≠Xv. H-cp hÀ-jw c≠p-tIm-Sn d-º-dm-Wv \mw ]p-Xp-Xm-bn \-Sp-¶Xv. C¯-cw \m-Wy-hn-f-I-fp-sS aq-ey-hÀ[-\-hn-eq-sS ]-c-amh-[n hn-Ik-\w ssI-¡-em¡p-I-bm-Wv sN-t¿-≠-Xv.
\-½p-sS k-©mcw cm-{ão-b-anÃm-¯ Im-e-t¯¡v tI-c-f-¯n-sâ ap-t¶m-«p-Å {]-bm-W-s¯-¡p-dn¨v \n-ch-[n B-i-¦-I-fm-Wv F-s¶-t¸m-ep-Å cm-ão-b-{]FaÀ-Pn-Mv tIcf t amÀ¨v 2014
_-P-äp-IÄ \-S-¸n-em-I-Ww
I-gn-ª _-P-än {]-Jym-]n¨ ImÀjn-I cw-K-¯n-sâ \-thm-°m-\-¯n\p Im-c-W-am-tI≠ ]-e-Im-cy-§fpw bm-YmÀ-°y-am-Im¯-Xv Ir-jna-{´nbp-sS ]n-Sn-¸p-tISp-sIm-≠m-Wv. _-Päv A-h-X-cn-¸n¡p-I, Xp-I h-I-bn-cp¯n sIm-Sp¡p-I F-¶-Xv am-{X-amWv [-\-a-{´n-bp-sS Np-aX-e. \-S-¸n-emt¡≠-Xv h-Ip-¸v a-{´n-am-cm-Wv.
]-Xnhp-t]m-se X-s¶ G-sd an-I-¨ _-P-äm-Wv C-{]m-h-iyhpw [-\-a{´n sI Fw am-Wn Ah-X-cn¸Xv. F-¶m I-gn-ª _-P-än-se ]-e-Im-cy-§fpw C-t¸mgpw bm-YmÀ-°y-am-bn-«nÃ. kwØm-\ kÀ¡m-cnsâ Hmtcm _-P-än-epw ]-d-bp-¶ \n-ch-[n Im-cy-§Ä \-S-¸n-em-¡m³ km-[n-¡m¯-Xv h-Ip-¸p a-{´n-am-cp-sS D-¯-c-hm-Zn-Xz-anÃm-bv-a-bm-sW-¶m-Wv F-\n-¡v ]-d-bp-hm-\p-Å-Xv. I-gn-ª _-P-än {]Jym-]n¨ ImÀjn-I cw-K-¯n-sâ \-thm-°m-\-¯n-\p Im-c-W-am-tI≠ ]-e-Im-cy-§fpw bm-YmÀ-°y-amIm¯-Xv Ir-jn a-{´n-bp-sS ]n-Sn-¸p-tISp-sIm-≠m-Wv. _-P-äv A-h-X-cn-¸n¡p-I, Xp-I h-I-bn-cp-¯n sImSp¡p-I F-¶-Xv am-{X-amWv [-\-a-{´n-bp-sS Np-aX-e. \-S-¸n-em-t¡≠-Xv h-Ip-¸v a-{´n-am-cm-Wv. _-P-äp-IÄ Im-cy-£-a-am-bn \-S-¸n-em-¡n-bm am-{X-sa \-sÃm-cp tIc-fw sI-«n-¸-Sp-¡p-hm³ km-[n-¡q-sh-¶ hn-izmkw Iq-Sn Rm-\n-hn-sS ]-¦p-h-bv¡p¶p. X¿mdm-¡nb-Xv : c-¦p sI l-cn-Zmkv
hÀ-¯-IÀ-¡p-ÅXv. I-em-e-b§-fn-se cm{ão-bw \n-b-{´n-¡p¶ tImS-Xn hn-[n-IÄ tI-cf-s¯ A-cm-{ãob-h-Xv-Ic-W-¯n-te¡m-Wv \-bn-¡p-¶Xv. cm-{ão-b-anÃm-¯ H-cp Im-e-s¯-¡p-dn¨p Nn-´n-¨me-dn-bmw A-Xn-sâ `o-Ic-X. cm-{ão-b-¯n-se sIm-Å-cp-Xm-bva-IÄ sN-dp-¡p-hm³ t{]mÕm-ln-¸n-¡-s¸-tS≠Xv A-cm-{ão-b-hm-ZaÃ, a-dn-¨v \Ã cm-{ãob t_m-[-amWv. ap³Ime-s¯ cm-{ão-b cw-Kw ]cn-tim-[n-¡pt¼mÄ A-hn-sS G-sd \-·-Ifp-≠m-bn-cp¶p, k-Xy-k-Ô-Xbpw \o Xn-t_m-[hpw D-≠mbn-cp¶p. F-¶m-en¶v
Un{Kn F√m-h¿°pw ... Ft∏mgpw! SSLC, +2
Bh-iy-an√ (BA, BCom, BBA etc.) ]T\w apS-ßn-b-h¿°v Hcp ]co£
10th, 12th, BA, BSc, BCom, BBA, BCA, MA, MSc, MCom, MBA, MCA, MSW, Diploma (Lateral Entry) in Civil, Mechanical, Electronics, Electrical, Automobile, B.Tech (for discontinued/failed). Regular/Part-time: M.Phil & Ph.D. PSC, UGC, DEC, AICTE, UNESCO Approved Universities TM
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IcI
_nKv tÌmdn
Xp-SÀ-¨-bmbn em-`-w t\Snb s]m-Xp-taJ-em Øm-]-\-sa¶ A-]qÀh N-cn{Xw ]-dbm-\p≠v s^À«nssetkÀkv B³Uv sIan¡Âkv {Sm-h³-IqÀ en-an-ä-Uv (^mÎv) F¶ s]m-Xp-ta-J-e Øm-]-\-¯n\v. F-¶m G-gp Z-im-Ð-¡mes¯ s]-cp-a-I-fp-sS N-cn-{X-¯n \n-¶v hÀ-¯-am-\Im-e bm-YmÀ-°y-¯n-te-¡v I-®-b¡p-t¼mÄ A-XnPo-h-\-¯n-sâ t]m-cm-«-¯n-emWv Cu Øm-]-\w. C-\nbpw A-Xn-Po-h-\-¯n-\p h-gn-bps≠-¶v km-[m-c-W-¡mcpw sXmgn-em-fn-Ifpw hn-iz-kn-¡p-¶p. ^m-În-sâ {]-Xn-k-Ônbpw ]-cnlm-c amÀ-K-§-fpw NÀ-¨ sN-¿p-I-bm-Wv _n-Kv tÌm-dn... CsI \yqkv_yqtdm
c
≠mw tem-Ia-lm-bp-²-¯n-\p ti-jap-≠mb £m-aw ]-cn-l-cn-¡p-¶-Xn-sâ `m-K-am-bn Xn-cphnXmwIqÀ `-c-Wm[n-Im-cn-bm-bn-cp-¶ kÀ kn- ]n cm-a-kzm-an A-¿-cp-sS \nÀ-tZ-im-\p-k-c-W-am-Wv ^m-Îv ]n-d-hn-sb-Sp-¡p-¶Xv. hyhkmb {]apJcmbncp¶ tijkmbn ktlmZc·mcpsS DSaØXbn FdWmIpfw PnÃbn s]cnbmdnsâ Xoc¯v Bephbv¡Sp¯v Geqcn 1943 I¼\n C³tImÀ¸tdäv sN-¿p-Ibpw sN-bv-Xp. kzm-X{´ym\´cw 1960 ^mÎv KhÀs×â v DSaØXbnepÅ Øm]\-am-bn am-dp-Ibpw 1962 tI{µkÀ¡mÀ {] [m\ Hmlcn-bp-S-a-bm-Ip-Ibpw sN-bv-X-tXm-sS ^m-Însâ hn-PbN-cn-{X-w- Xp-S-§p-I-bm-bn-cp¶p. {]-hÀ¯-\w Bcw-`n-¨ Im-ew sXm-«p-X-s¶ Z£n-tW-´y-bp-sS ImÀjnI h-fÀ¨bn ^m-Îv henb ]-¦v h-ln-¡p-I-bp-≠mbn. cmk-h-f A-[n-jvTn-Xam-b l-cn-Xhn-¹-h-Im-e¯pw ^mÎn-sâ {]-hÀ-¯-\-§Ä \nÀ-Wm-b-I-am-bn-cp¶p. C¶v GItZiw 2000 Poh\¡mÀ¡v- {]Xy£ambpw 10,000 t] À¡v- ]tcm£ambpw sXm-gn \Â-Ip-¶ Øm-]-\-am--Wv ^mÎv.
{]-Xn-k-Ôn-bp-sS \-Sp-¯-f¯n-te¡v tI-c-f-¯n- am-{X-aà Z-£ntW´y-sbm-«m-sI cm-khfw F-¯n-¡p-¶ s]m-Xp-taJe I-¼-\n-bm-Wv- ^m-Îv. C-hn-sS D-¸m-Zn-¸n-¡-s¸-«ncp¶ AtamWnbw kÄt^äpw bqdnb-bpw ^mÎwt^m-kpw IÀ-j-I-cp-sS Po-hn-X-{Ia-¯n-sâ `m-K-am-bn- amdn. G-sd \m-fp-IÄ em-`-¯n-sâ _m-e³-kv jo-äv A-h-X-cn-¸n-¨ I¼-\n I-gn-ª A-©p hÀ-j-ambn h³ \-ã-¯n-te-¡pt]m-bns¡m≠-n-cn-¡p-IbmWvv. A-\p-Zn-\w aq-eytimj-Ww kw-`-hn-¡p-¶ I-¼\n-Ifp-sS K-W-¯n-te-¡v ^m-Îv Xn-cn-¨p \-S-¡p-t¼mÄ Z-£n-tW-´y-bp-sS ImÀjn-I ta-J-e-bv-¡p kw-`-hn-¨ Xn-cn¨-Sn Iq-Sn hn-e-bn-cp-¯-s¸SWw. tcm-K{K-kvX I-¼-\n-I-fp-sS K-W-¯n-te-¡v ^m-Îv am-ä-s¸-Sp-t¼mÄ
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t_mÀUv- t^mÀ C³Ukv{Snb B³Uv ^n\m³jy doI¬kv{S£³(_nsFF^v-BÀ) G-sä-Sp-¡p-sa-¶m-Wv ]-d-b-s¸-Sp-¶Xv. C-Xv I-¼-\n- CÃm-Xm-Ip-¶-Xn-te-¡mIpw \-bn¡p-I F¶pw I-cp-X-s¸-Sp¶p. cm-Py-s¯ G-ähpw hen-b cmk-h-f \nÀ-am-Wim-e CÃm-Xm-Ip-t¼mÄ A-Xv G-ä-hp-a-[nIw _m-[n¡p-I Z-£n-tW-´y-bn-se IÀ-jIsc-bm-bn-cn-¡p-w.
{]-Xn-k-Ôn-bpsS A-©v Im-cy-§Ä hnÂ-¸-\ hn-e Ip-dhv, D-¸m-Z-\s¨e-hv Iq-Sp-X G-sXm-cp D-¸-¶-am-sW-¦nepw D-Â-¸mZ\s¨-e-hns\-¡mÄ Iq-Sp-X hn-e-bv-¡v hnäv em-`w- t\-Sp-I-sb-¶Xm-Wv km-am-\y-XXzw. F-¶menXp {]m-tbm-Kn-I-aÃm-¯ Np-cp¡w Nn-e Øm-]-\-§-fn H-¶m-Wv ^mÎv F¶v ]-d-bm-sX h-¿. D-¸m-Z-\s¨e-hv ]-cn-K-Wn-¡m-sX tI{µw hn-e \n-Ý-bn-¡p-¶ D-¸-¶-am-Wv cm-k-h-f-§Ä. \n-e-hn D-¸m-Z-\ sN-e-hn-sâ 50 i-X-am-\tam A-Xn Xmsgtbm am-{X-am-Wv hn-äp-h-c-hm-bn I-¼-\n-¡v e-`n-¡p¶-Xv. D-¸mZ-\w \S-¶v At©m Btdm am-k-§Ä-¡p ti-jw am-{X-am-Wv h-fw hnÂ-¸-\ \-S-¡p-¶-sX-¶Xpw {]-Xnk-Ôn kr-ãn-¡p¶p. D-Zm-l-c-W-am-bn H-cp Intem ^m-Îwt^m-kn-\v 32 cq-]-bpw A-tam-Wn-bw kÄ-t^-än\v 22 cq-]-bpw G-ItZi D-¸m-Z-\ sNe-hv h-cp-t¼mÄ, hn-ebpw k-_v-kn-Unbpw tNÀ-¶v ^m-Îwt^m-kn-\v 27.50 cq-]-bp-w A-tam-Wn-bw kÄ-t^-än-\v 18 cq-]-bpamWv ]-camh-[n e-`n-¡p-¶Xv. A-Xm-b-Xv H-cp In-tem cm-kh-fw hnÂ-¡p-t¼mÄ em-`-aÃ, a-dn¨v 4.50 cq-]-bn-te-sd \-ãam-Wv I-¼-\n-¡p-≠m-Ip-¶-Xv. {]-Xn-hÀ-jw B-d-ce-£w S¬ cm-kh-fw I-¼-\n-bn- D-¸m-Zn-¸n-¡p-t¼mÄ 400 tIm-Sn cq-]-bpsS \-j-vSw. I-gn-ª A©p hÀj-s¯ {]-hÀ-¯-\-§Ä ]cn-tim-[n-¡p-t¼mÄ 2000 tIm-Sn cq-]-bpsS \-ã-amWv I-¼-\n-¡p-≠m-bXv. DÂ-¸mZ\w FÂ-F³-Pn-bn- A-[n-jvTn-X-am-¡n am-än-b-t¸mÄ \m-^v-
X-bv-¡v tI{µkÀ-¡m-cnÂ-\n¶p e-`n-¨n-cp-¶ 3.50 cq-]-bpsS k-_v-kn-Unbpw e-`n-¡p-¶nÃ. 2012þ13 km-¼¯n-I hÀj-w I-W-¡p-IÄ ]cn-tim-[n-¡pt¼mÄ 350 tIm-Sn cq-]-bp-sS \-ã-am-Wv ^m-În-\v D-≠m-bn-«p-ÅXv.
FÂ-F³-F-Pn s]-t{Sm-fn-bw D-¸-¶-§Ä A-kw-kvIr-X h-k-vXp-hm-bn D-]-tbm-Kn-¡p-¶ hy-h-km-b-am-Wv cm-k-h-fw. hnam-\ kÀ-ho-kp-I-fn D-]-tbmKn-¡-s¸-Sp-¶ \m-^v-Xbm-bn-cp-¶p Ip-d-¨-p\m Ä ap¼ph-sc ^m-Îv D-]-tbm-Kn-¨n-cp-¶Xv. F-¶m ]pXp-ssh-¸n-\n FÂF³Pn sSÀ-an-\ bm-YmÀ-°yam-b-t¸-mÄ sNe-hp Ip-d-bv¡p-I F-¶ D-t±-iy-t¯m-Smbn-cp-¶p I-¼-\n \m-^v-X-bn \n¶vv {ZhoIrX {]IrXn hm-X-I kw-hn-[m-\-¯n-te-¡v h-gn-am-dn-bXv. F-¶m C-¶v h³ hne sIm-Sp-¯v FÂF³Pn hm-t§-≠ K-XntI-Sn-em-Wv ^mÎv. HmKÌn BZy I¸Â ]pXpssh¸v sSÀan\ense¯nbt¸mÄ hne bqWnän\p 19.5 tUmfdmbncp¶p. c≠mas¯ I¸Â h¶t¸mÄ AXv 21.5 tUmfdmbn. ASp¯Xn\p bqWnäv hne 24.35 tUm-f-dm-bn D-bÀ¶p. C-tXm-sS FÂ-F³-Pn, ^m-În\vv A-[n-I`m-cw h-cp-¯nh-bv-¡p-I-bm-bn-cp-¶p. FÂ-F³-Pn-¡v H-cp tUm-fÀ hn-e Iq-Sp-t¼mÄ ^m-În-\v 50 tIm-Sn-cq-]-bp-sS \-ã-ap-≠m-Ip-¶psh-¶m-Wv I-W¡v. Iq-SmsX tI{µw \m-^v-X-bv-¡p \Â-In h-¶n-cp-¶ k-_vkn-Un \nÀ-¯em-¡n-b-tXmsS A[n-I km-¼¯n-I `m-ct¯m-sSm-¸w 100 tIm-Sn cq-]-bp-sS \-ã-hp-w kw`-hn-¨p. D-¯-tc-´y-bn 10 cq-]-bv-¡p Xm-sg e-`n-¡p-¶ FÂ-F³Pn-bm-Wv tI-c-f-¯n 24.50 cq-]-bv-¡v hnÂ-¡s¸-Sp-¶-Xv. FÂ-F³Pn hm-X-I-¯nsâ 14% hmäv Hgnhm¡Wsa¶ \nÀtZiw tIcf kÀ¡mÀ kzo-I-cn-¨-Xv am-{X-am-Wv C-Xp-h-scbp-Å Im-cy-§-fn ^m-În-\v Kp-W-I-c-ambn-«p-ÅXv. C-Xn-eq-sS H-cp bq-Wn-än-\p aq-¶p tUm-fsd-¦nepw em-`w FaÀ-PnMv tIcf t amÀ¨v 2014
I-bdptam
FACT t\-Sp-hm³ km-[n-¡p-sa-¶m-Wv {]-Xo-£n¡p-¶Xv.
k-_v-kn-Un-bn-se \-b-§Ä
D-¸m-Z-\s¨-e-hn-\v B-\p-]m-Xn-I-am-bn-«Ã hn-e \n-Ý-bn-¡p¶Xv F-¶Xp-sIm-≠p X-s¶ kÀ-¡m-cn-sâ k-_v-kn-Un-IÄ e-`n-¡m-sX ^m-În-\p ]n-Sn-¨p \nÂ-¡phm³ km-[n-¡p-I-bnÃ. cmkhf¯n\v- tI{µw A\p hZn¨n«pÅ k_vknUn In«Wsa-¦n IÀ-jIÀ hm§n D]tbmKn-¨ h-f-¯n-sâ Afhv- Irjn Hm-^o-kÀ-amÀ km£ys¸Spt¯≠Xp-≠v-. C¯-cw A-\m-h-iyam-b \q-e-am-e-IÄ k-_v-kn-Un k-a-b_-Ôn-X-am-bn e-`n-¡p-¶Xn-\p X-S-k-am-Ip-¶p-. C-§-s\-bpÅ \-b-]-cam-b {]-iv\§fpw ]-cn-l-cn-¡-s¸-tS-≠-Xp≠v.
]q-«n-¡n-S-¡p-¶ bq-Wn-äp-IÄ H-cp I¼-\n an-I-¨ co-Xn-bn ap-t¶m-«p t]m-Ip-¶-Xn\v A-Xn-sâ ]-c-amh-[n -ti-jn hn-\n-tbm-Kn-t¡-≠-Xp≠v. D-] D-¸-¶-§-fp-sS km-[y-X-I-fn-te¡pw IS-¶p sN-tÃ≠-Xp≠v. F-¶m FÃm ku-I-cy-§fpw D-s≠-¦nepw AS-¨p ]q-«n In-S-¡p-¶ ¹mâp-I-fm-Wv ^m-Însâ im-]am-bn-cn-¡p-¶Xv. ^mÎn\v- Gsd em`w t\Sns¡m-Sp-¯ncp¶ Imt{]memίn-sâ ¹mâ v {]-hÀ-¯-\w \ne¨n-«v 16 amkam-bn. A-tam-Wn-bw ¹mân-sâ {]-hÀ-¯-\hpw G-Xm-≠v ap-S§n-b \n-e-bn-emWv. bq-dn-b-bp-sS D-¸mZ-\w 2003 D-t]-£n-¨-XmWv. In-tem-bv-¡v 6 cq-] hn-e e-`n-¡p-¶ bq-dn-bbv-¡v 20 cq-]-tbm-fw D-¸m-Z-\ sNe-hv h-cp-sa-¦n-epw 75 i-X-am-\hpw k-_v-kn-Un-bm-bn e-`n-¡pam-bn-cp¶p. {]-Xn-hÀjw 2.8 e-£w S¬ bq-dn-b-bm-Wv cm-Py¯v D-]-tbm-Kn-¡p-¶Xv. C-Xn c-≠pe-£w S¬ B-`y-´-c-am-bn D-¸m-Zn-¸n-¡-s¸-Sp-t¼mÄ _m-¡n-bp-Åh k-_v-kn-Un \Â-In C-d-¡p-a-Xn sN¿pI-bm-Wv. ¹mâ v A-S-¨-tXmsS tI-c-f-¯n-te-¡v B-h-iyam-b bqdn-b hÀjw tXmdpw C-d-¡pa-Xn sN-¿p-I-bm-sW-¶p-f-f-Xpw A-\p_-Ô-am-bn Im-tW-≠-XmWv.
A-tam-Wn-bw ¹m-â v H-cp ]pXn-b ¹mâm-Wv ^m-Însâ \m-i-¯n-\n-S-bm¡n-b-sX-¶m-Wv Po-h-\-¡m-cp-sS ]-£w. Cd¡paXn sN¿p¶ Atam-Wnbw kq£n¡p¶-Xn\v shÃnMvS¬ sFe³Un I-¼\n Hcp Sm¦v \nÀ-an-¨n-cp¶p. C-Xn-s\Xn-tc h³ k-a-c-am-Wv A-ct§-dn-b-Xv. C-tX-¯p-SÀ-¶v A-¼-e-ta-«n 1999 ]pXn-b
A-tam-Wn-bw ¹mâ v \n À-an-¡-s¸«p. 720 tIm-Sn cq-]-bmbn-cp-¶p C-Xn-\m-bn I-¼-\n-¡v sN-e-h-gn-t¡-≠n h-¶Xv. 200 tImSn cq] ^mÎnsâ em`¯n \n¶pw _m¡n hm-bv-]-bmbpw I-s≠-¯n. ]p-Xn-b ¹mâmI-s« ^m-În\v \-ã-§Ä am-{X-am-Wv k-½-m- \n-¨-Xv. DtZymKaÞ Unhnj\n \n¶v sIm¨n Unhnj\nte¡v AtamWnbw tdmUv amÀKw sIm≠pt]mIp¶Xn-\v A-\p-_Ô ku-I-cy-§Ä H-cp-t¡-≠n h¶-Xv ho-≠pw sNe-hv D-bÀ-¯p-¶-Xn-\p Im-c-Wm-bn. 720 tIm-Sn cq-] sN-e-h-gn¨n-t¸m-Ä em-`-ap-≠m-bnÃmsb-¶p am-{X-aà \-ãw hÀ[n-X th-K-¯n s]-cp-Ip-Ibpw sN-bv-Xp. Cu ]-²Xn-bn-eq-sS ]en-ibn-\-¯n am{Xw tIm-Sn-I-fp-sS \-ã-am-Wv I-¼-\n¡p-≠m-b-Xv. 2008þ -09 hÀjw ^mÎv t\SnbXv 42.95 tImSnbpsS em`ambncp¶p. CtX Imebfhn 63.96 tImSn cq] ]eni \ÂIn. F¶m 2009-þ10 Bbt¸mtg¡pw ] eni XpI 115.97 tImSnbmbn DbÀ-¶p. ¹mâ v \n Àan¨nÃmbncps¶¦n hÀjw 150 tImSnsb¦nepw em-`w t\-Sm-\m-Ip-am-bn-cp-s¶¶pw t]-cp sh-fn-s¸-Sp-¯m-\m-{Kln-¡m¯ Poh\¡mÀ ]dbp¶p.
c£m-]m-t¡-Pn-\v Aw-Ko-Imcw \mfp-I-fm-bn ^m-Îv Po-h-\-¡mÀ B-h-iy-s¸-«n-cp-¶ 991.9 tIm-Sn cq-]-bp-sS km-¼¯n-I ]m-t¡-Pv I-gn-ªam-kw tI-{µ-a-{´me-bw Aw-Ko-I-cn-¨n-cp-¶p. 300 tIm-Sn cq-]-bp-sS ar-Zp-hm-bv-], 250 tIm-Sn cq-]-bp-sS {Kmâ v, 441.9 tIm-Sn cq-]-bp-sS I-Sm-izm-kw F¶n-h DÄ-s¸-Sp-¶-Xm-Wv km-km-¼-¯n-I ]m-t¡Pv. \n-cm-lm-c-k-ac¯n\pw \m-fp-IÄ \o≠ t]m-cm-«¯n\p-sam-Sp-hn-em-Wv ^m-În-\v ap-¶n- A-Xn-Po-h-\-¯nsâ hm-Xn-ep-IÄ Xp-d-¶Xv. F-¶n-cp-¶mepw ^m-În-sâ {]-iv-\-§Ä ]qÀ-Wam-bpw ]-cn-l-cn-¡-s¸-«p F-¶v C-Xn\À-°-anÃ. D¸m-Z-\ ¹mâp-I-fp-sS Im-tem-Nn-Xam-b \-ho-I-c-Whpw A-S-¨p-In-S-¡p-¶ ¹mâp-I-fp-sS {]-hÀ-¯\-hp-am-Wv A-Sp-¯-Xm-bn t\-Sn-sb-Sp-t¡-≠Xv. Zo-À-L-ho-£-W-ap-Å \n-ch-[n ]-²-Xn-I-fp-sS cq-] tc-J ^m-Îv D-tZym-K-ØÀ X-bm-dm-¡n-bn-«p≠v. C-h-bpw th-K-¯n \-S-¸n-em-t¡-≠-Xp≠v. FÂ-F³-Pn-bp-sS hne-bnepw tZ-io-b-am-bn H-cp \-bw kr-ãn-t¡-≠n-bn-cn-¡p¶p. FÂ-F³-Pn-bp-sS hn-e D-bÀ-¶p-\nÂ-¡p-¶n-S-t¯mfw Im-ew ^m-Îv F¶ s]m-Xp-taJ-em Øm]-\¯n\v \-ã-¡-W-¡p-I-fp-sS _m-e³-kv-jo-äv A-h-X-cn-¸n-¡m-t\ km-[n¡q.
h-nIk-\ ]-²-Xn-IÄ cmPyw ap-gp-h³ cm-k-h-f-¯n-\p-Å B-h-iy-I-X Iq-Sp-I-bmWv. C-Xv ap³-\nÀ-¯n hnj³-2020 F¶ ]²XnbnepÄs¸-Sp ¯n ^mÎnsâ DtZymKaÞÂ, A¼etaSv bqWnäpIfn 8000 tImSnbpsS hnIk\ ]²Xnbm-Wv X¿mdm¡n-bn-«pÅ-Xv. Atam-Wn-bw ¹mâ v, -bqdnb ¹mâ v, kÄ^yqcnIv BknUnsâbpw t^mkv-t^mdnIv BknUnsâ-bpw ¹mâp-IÄ, ^mÎwt^mkv ¹m-â v, DtZymKaÞ Unhnj\n  bqdnb ¹mâ v F-¶n-h-bm-Wv hnIk\ ]²Xnbn DÄ-s¸-Sp-¶-Xv. C-Xn ^mÎwt^mkv ¹mânsâ hniZamb ]²Xn dnt¸mÀ«v X¿m-dm-¡p-I-bpw tI{µ ] cnØnXn a{´meb¯nsâ A\paXn e-`n-¡p-Ibpw sN-bv-Xn-«p≠v. Ct¸mÄ {] XnZn\w A¼eta«n 2000 S®pw DtZymKaÞen 600 S®pw ^mÎwt^mkmWv D¸mZn¸n¡p-¶Xv. AXv 3600 S®m¡n DbÀ¯m³ ]pXnb ¹mâ v hcp¶tXmsS Ignbpw. _m¡nbpÅ ¹mâpIfpw ]qÀ-W k-Ö-am-¡p-hm³ km-[n-¨m D¸mZ\w {]XnhÀjw 20 e£w S¬ B-bn D-bÀ-¯m-sa-¶ ip-`{]-Xo-£-bpw I¼-\n ]-¦p-hbv¡p¶p≠v. FaÀ-Pn-Mv tIcf t amÀ¨v 2014
24 hÀ-j-am-bn F-^v-F-kn-Sn {]-iv-\-§-fn-eq-sSbm-Wv I-S-¶pt]m-Ip-¶-Xv. 2003 A¶-s¯ hn-ä-gn-¡Â a-{´n-bm-bn-cp-¶ A-cp¬-jqcn-bp-sS Im-eL-«w ap-X I-¼-\n-sb kz-Im-cy-h-Xv-¡cn-¡p-hm\pw {i-an-¡p¶p. A-SnØm-\ {]-iv-\§Ä-¡v ]-cn-lm-cw Im-Wp-I-bm-Wv th-≠Xv. FÂ-F³-Pn-bp-sS hn-e Ip-d-bv-¡m-sX B-cp {i-an-¨mepw ^m-Îv em-`-¯n-em-InÃ. C-t¸mgs¯ kzm-Im-cy-h-Xv-¡-c-W \o¡w 1600 G-¡À `q-an am{Xw em-¡m-¡n-bm-Wv. tI-{µ-]q-fn \n-t¶m, k-_v-kn-Un \ÂIn-tbm 10 cq-]s¡-¦nepw FÂF³-Pn e-`y-am-¡n-bm I¼\n em-`-I-c-am-¡mw. ^m-În-\v {]-Jym-]n-¨ km-¼¯nI ]m-t¡-Pp-IÄ t\Sn-sb-Sp-¡m-\m-bn. 2008se ]m-t¡-Pv {]-Imcw e-`n-t¡-≠ Xp-I-bv¡v [-\-a-{´m-e-b-¯n-sâ A-\p-a-Xn-bmbn-cp¶p CXp-hsc e`n-¡m-sX-bncp-¶-Xv. s]m-Xp sX-c-sª-Sp-¸n-\p ap-¼v tI-{µ K-h¬-saân \n¶pw C-Xp t\-Sn-sb-Sp-¡p-hm-³ ZoÀL-Ime kacw \S-t¯-≠n-h-¶p. Fw Sn \nIv-k¬ \ncmlmc kacw \-S¯nb ^mÎv hÀt¡gv-kv bqWnb³ ko\nbÀ sshkv {]knUâ v
10,000 tPm-en-¡mÀ D-≠m-bn-cp-¶ I-¼-\n-bn C-¶v tIh-ew aq-hm-bn-c-¯n Xm-sg B-fp-I-fmWv tPm-en-sb-Sp-¡p-¶-Xv. C-Xv A-h-cp-sS {]-iv-\w am-{X-am-bn I-≠m t]mcm. s]m-Xphm-b {]-iv\-am-bn¯-s¶ hn-e-bn-cp-t¯-≠n-bn-cn-¡p-¶p. [\a-{´mebw {]-Jym-]n-¨ ]m-t¡-Pv F-{Xbpw th-Kw \Â-Ip-I F-¶-Xm-Wv B-Zy-L-«-¯n sN-t¿-≠-Xv. c-≠m-a-Xm-bn FÂ-F³-Pn-bp-sS hn-e-bmWv. D-¯-tc-´y-bn e-`y-am-Ip-¶ hn-e-bv¡p X-s¶ tI-c-f-¯nepw FÂ-F³-Pn e-`y-am¡Ww. A³-hÀ kmZ-¯v B-ep-h FwFÂF
F-^vFknSn C-¶v A-`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-¡p-¶Xv \n-c-h[nbm-b {]-iv-\-§-fm-sW-¶v s]m-Xp-sh hn-e-bncp-¯m-sa-¦nepw bm-YmÀ-° {]-iv-\w FÂF³-Pn am-{X-amWv. FÂ-F³-Pn-bn H-cp tUm-f-dn-sâ hn-e hÀ-[\-hv D-≠m-bm 50 tIm-Sn cq-]-bpsS A-[n-I-s¨-e-hm-Wv I-¼-\n--¡p-≠m-Ip-I. k-_v-knUn-tbm-sS \m-^v-X A-kw-kv-IrX-h-kvXp-hm¡n {]-hÀ-¯n-¨n-cp-¶ I¼-\n FÂ-F³Pn-bn-te-¡v am-dn-b-t¸mÄ \-ãw hÀ-[n-¡p-I-bmWp-≠m-bXv. D-¯-tc-´y-bn A©p cq-]-bv-¡v Xm-sg e-`n-¡p-¶ FÂ-F³-Pn tI-c-f-¯n-se-¯pt¼mÄ 24 cq-]-bm-Ip-¶-Xn-sâ I-W-¡p-I-fm-Wv ]cn-tim-[n-t¡-≠-Xv. 10 cq-]-bvs¡¦nepw FÂF³-Pn e-`y-am-¡m³ tI-{µw X-bm-dm-bn-sÃ-¦n I-¼-\n- ar-Xn-b-S-bm\pw km-[y-X-bp≠v. t]-cv sh-fn-s¸-Sp-¯p-hm³ B-{Kln-¡m-¯ Po-h-\-¡m-c³
43
Sqdnkw
km-l-kn-I-sc C
tI-c-fw hn-fn-¡ ]m-Ým-XyÀ-¡v am-{Xw {]nb-¦-c-am-bn-cp-¶ km-l-kn-I hnt\m-Z-k-©m-c (A-sUz-©À Sq-dn-kw) ta-J-e-bn-te-¡v ]u-c-kv-Xy temIw Im-se-Sp-¯v h-¨n-«v Ip-d-¨p Im-e-am-bn. A¸w ssh-In-bn-«m-bm-epw A-sUz-©À Sq-dn-k-¯n-sâ _r-l-¯m-b km-[y-X-IÄ tI-c-f-hpw Xn-cn-¨-dn-bp-¶p.
C-
am-bm-Wv 2009 tI-c-f A-sUz-©À Sq-dn-kw s{]-mtam-j³ skmsskän (KATPS) cq-]o-I-cn-¡m³ A¶s¯ Sq-dn-kw a-{´n-bmbn-cp¶ tIm-Sn-tb-cn _m-e-Ir-jvW-sâ A-[y£-X-bn tNÀ-¶ D-¶-XX-e-tbm-Kw Xo-cp-am\n-¨Xv. H-cÂ-¸w ssh-In-bn-«m-sW-¦n IqSn Cu cwK-¯v H-t«-sd ap-t¶m-«v t]m-Im³ tI-c-f A-sUz-©À Sq-dn-kw s{]-mtam-j³ skm-sskän-¡v km-[n-¨n-«p≠v. bp-h-P-\t£a t_mÀ-Uv t]m-ep-Å H-«-\h-[n kÀ-¡mÀþ kÀ-¡mcn-X-c Øm-]-\-§fpw skm-ssk-än-¡v i-à-am-b ]n ´p-W \Â-In H-¸-ap≠v.
´y-bn-em-Zy-ambn hn-t\m-Zk©m-c ta-Je-sb i-àam-b H-cp hym-h-kmbn-I km[yXbmbn D-bÀ-¯n-¡m-Wn-¨ kw-Øm-\\§fnsem-¶mWvv tI-cfw. "ssZ-h¯n-sâ kz-´w \mSv' F-¶ hmN-Iw tem-I-sa§pw H-cp X-c-wK-am-bn amdn. F-¶m H-cp do-{_m³-Unw-Kv \S-¯n B ta-J-e-bn H-cp Xn-cn-¨p-hc-hv \-S-¯m³ \-ap-¡n-¶v km-[n-¡p-¶nÃ. tIc-f-¯nsâ km[y-X-IÄ H-cp-Ime¯v tem-I-sa-¼m-Sp-ap-Å hn-t\m-Z-k-©m-cn-I-sf {`-an-¸n-¨ncp-¶ tem-I-sa-§p-ap-Å km-l-knI-sc B-IÀssZ-h-¯nâ kz-´-w \m-«n-se ]-e jn-¡p-¶ X-c-¯n-ep-Å k-©m-ctI-{µ-§-fm hn-t\m-Z-k©m-c tI-{µ-§fpw C-¶v k-¼-¶-am-Wv \-½p-sS kw-Øm-\-sa¶v tI-c-f k-©m-cn-I-fp-sS A-`m-h-w t\-cn-SpIA-sUz-©À Sq-dn-kw s{]-mtam-j³ skm-sskbmWv. tIcf¯n hÀ-[n-¨p-h-cp-¶ än No-^v F-Iv-kn-Iyq-«ohv Hm-^o-kÀ Bi Bi tPm-kv NqSpw am-en-\y {]iv-\-§fpw hntZi tPm-kv ]-d-bp-¶p. A-[n-Iw ssh-Im-sX X-s¶ knCH, sIF-Sn-]nFkv A-´m-cm-{ã-X-e-¯n {i-²n-¡-s¸-Sp¶ kmk-©m-cnI-sf a-än-S-§Ä tX-Sm³ t{]-cn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xm-bm-Wv dn-t¸mÀl-kn-I hn-t\m-Z-k-©m-c-tI{µam-bn tIc-fw «pIÄ. hn-im-eam-b I-SÂ-¯o-c-§fpw Im-bÂ-¡-c-Ifpw am-dpw. A-Xn-\pth-≠n tem-I-sa¼m-Sp-ap-Å km-l-kn-IsIm≠pam{Xw C-\n ]n-Sn-¨p-\nÂ-¡m³ I-gn-bn-sÃ-¶ k-©m-cnI-sf ]-s¦-Sp-¸n-¨p sIm-≠p-Å ImÀ-Wn-h-epXn-cn-¨-dn-hm-Wv km-lkn-I hn-t\m-Z-k-©m-c-¯n-\v IqIÄ skm-ssk-änbpsS t\-Xr-Xz-¯n kw-L-Sn-¸n¡pISp-X {]m-[m\yw \Â-Im³ kwØm-\ kÀ-¡m-cn-s\ bm-Wv. t{]-cn-¸n-¨-Xv. FÃm PnÃ-I-fnepw A-sUz-©À ]mÀ-¡p-IÄ BtI-c-f-hp-am-bn tNÀ-¶p-In-S-¡p-¶ ]-Ýn-a-L-« a-e-\ncw-`n-¡m³ tI-c-f A-sUz-©À Sq-dn-kw s{]m-tam-j³ c-I-sfbpw F-®-a-ä P-e-t{km-X-kp-I-sfbpw C-Xn-\m-bn skm-ssk-än ]²-Xn X-¿m-dm-bn¡-gnªp. sImÃw Imhn\n-tbm-Kn-¡m-\m-Wv ]-²-Xn-bn-Sp-¶Xv. C-Xn-sâ `m-K¸nepw ap-gp-¸-e-§mSpw hm-K-a®pw Cu hÀ-jw X-s¶
44
]mÀ-¡p-IÄ B-cw-`n-¡pw. tI-c-f-¯n h-b-\mSv, C-Sp¡n, sX·-e, ImkÀtKmUv, tIm-gn-t¡mSv, aq-¶mÀ, B-e-¸p-g, hm-Ka¬, s]m³-ap-Sn, F-¶n-hn-S-§-fn km-lkn-I hn-t\m-Z-k©m-c-§Ä-¡v km-[y-X-I-fp-≠v. h-b-\mSv, C-Sp¡n, sX·-e {]-tZ-i-§-fn C-t¡m-Sqdn-kw ]-²-Xn-bp-am-bn k-l-I-cn-¨p sIm-≠mWv A-sUz©À Sq-dn-kw ]p-tcm-K-an-¡p-¶-Xv. ]À-h-X-m-tcm-l-Whpw h-\-bm-{Xbpw C-ã-s¸-Sp-¶-h-sc G-sd B-IÀ-jn-¡p-¶XmWv Cu {]-tZ-i-§Ä.
ImkÀ-tKmUv tIm-«-I-fp-sS \mSm-b ImkÀ-tKm-Uv Im-¸n _o-¨mWv {][m-\ B-IÀ-j-Ww. \-K-c {]-tZi-¯v \n ¶pw hf-sc A-I-e-¯n Øn-Xn sN-¿p-¶ DÄ{]-tZ-iam-b C-hn-sS \n-¶v t\m-¡n-bm Im-Wp¶ A-d-_n-¡-S-en-sâ Zriyw G-sd -a-t\m-l-c-am-Wv. {Xn-¡-¶m-Sv t£-{X-¯n\v c-≠v Intem-aoäÀ Np-ä-f-hn-ep-Å ]m-Þy³ ]m-d ] À-h-X-m-tcm-l-IÀ-¡v {]n-b-s¸-«-XmWv. N-{µ-Kn-cn-¸p-g-bneq-sS-bp-Å P-e-bm-{Xbpw ImkÀ-tKms« km-l-kn-I hn-t\m-Z-k-©m-c-s¯ th-dn-«-Xm-¡p-¶p.
tIm-gn-t¡mSv hf-sc N-cn-{X-{]m-[m-\y-ap-Å \-K-c-am-Wv tIm-gnt¡mSv. ]-c-¼-cm-K-X hym-]m-ctI-{µam-b IÃm-bn GsXm-cp k-©m-cn-tbbpw B-IÀ-jn-¡p-¶ {]-tZ-i-amWv. Im-¸m-Sv _o-¨v \-K-c-¯n \n-¶pw 16 Inan am{Xw A-I-se-bmWv. Xp-jm-c-Kn-cn ]p-gbpw shÃ-cn a-ebpw I¡-bw Ip-¶p-I-fp-saÃmw km-l-kn-I hn-t\m-Z-k-©m-c¯n-\v D-X-Ip-¶ {]-tZ-i-§-fm-Wv.
aq-¶mÀ s]-cn-bmÀ ssS-KÀ dn-kÀ-hn-sâ `m-Kam-b {]-tZ-i-amWv aq-¶mÀ. Xm-]\n-e Ip-dª Im-em-h-Ø-bm-Wv ChnS-s¯ k-h-ntij-X. ImÂ-\-S k-©mcw, Iym-¼nwKv, FaÀ-PnMv tIcf t amÀ¨v 2014
k-©m-cnI-sf B-IÀ-jn-¡m³... km
C-Xn-te,
¡p-¶p... t_m-«nwKv, ]-£n \n-co-£Ww, Xp-g-¨n Xp-S§n-b hnt\m-Z-§Ä-¡v D-Nn-Xam-b {]-tZ-i-am-Wv aq-¶mÀ. DÄ-h-\§-fn-te--¡v {S-¡nwKpw \-S-¯m-hp-¶-XmWv.
B-e¸p-g _o-¨-pI-fmepw Im-b-ep-I-fmepw k-¼p-ã-am-Wv B-e-¸p-g. Xp-g-¨nÂ, t_m-«nw-Kv Xp-S-§n-b km-lknI hn-t\m-Z-§Ä-¡v D-Nn-Xam-b {]-tZ-i-am-Wv C-hnSw. B-e¸p-g-bn-se ]-Å-¯p-cp-¯n tI-c-f-¯n-se X-s¶ {]-[m\-s¸-« Xp-g-¨n tI-{µ-am-Wv. hnt\mZk©mcnIÄ [mcmfw F¯p¶ Be¸pg IS¸pd¯v kmlknI Sqdnk¯n\v km[yXIfps≠¶mWv Sqdnkw cwKs¯ hnZKv[À ]dbp¶Xv. tKmh XpS§nb IStemc
FaÀ-Pn-Mv tIcf t amÀ¨v 2014
hnt\mZ k©mc tI{µ§fn kmlknI Sqdnkw hnt\mZ k©mcnIsf BIÀjn¡p¶p≠v. IS¸pdw tI{µoIcn¨v kmlknI Sqdnkw XpS§nbm Ct¸mgpÅ Imbtemc hnt\mZk©mchpw iàns¸Spsa¶mWv {]Xo£. F¶mÂ, k©mcnIfpsS kpc£ Dd¸m¡n am{Xta C¯cw C\§Ä Bcw`n¡pIbpÅqsh¶v PnÃm Sqdnkw s{]mtamj³ Iu¬kn A[nIrXÀ ]-dbp¶p.
hm-Ka¬
tI-c-f-¯n-se G-ähpw {]-[m-\s¸« km-l-kn-I hn-t\m-Z-k-©mc-tI-{µ-am-Wv hm-K-a¬. 1100 ao-äÀ D-b-c-ap-Å Ip-¶n-te-¡p-Å {S-¡nw-Kv B-Wv C-hn-S-s¯ {][m-\ B-IÀjWw. C-t´mþ kzn-kv t{]mP-Îv B-b X-§Ä ]m-d, Ip-cnip-a-e B-{i-aw H-s¡ hm-K-a-®nsâ km-[y-X-IÄ hÀ[n-¸n-¡p¶p. sh-Å-¨m-«-¯n-se t_m-«nwKpw a-eI-b-ä-hp-saÃmw h-mK-a-®n-se hy-Xy-kv-Xm-\p-`-h-§fmWv. X-§Ä ae, ap-cp-I³ a-e, Ip-cn-ip a-e F¶n-h aX-ssa-{Xn-bp-sS {]-Xo-I-am-bn X-e-bp-bÀ-¯n \nÂ-¡p¶p. C-hn-Ss¯ h-\-bm-{Xbpw G-sd lr-Zy-amWv.
s]m-·p-Sn {S-¡nw-Kn-\v G-sd {]-i-kv-X-am-Wv Xncp-h-\-´-]pcs¯ s]m-·p-Sn. kap{Z-\n-c-¸n \n¶pw G-I-tZiw 3,200 A-Sn D-b-c-¯n-em-Wv CXv. C-Xn-\v k-ao-]-am-Wv IÃmÀ, tKmÄU³ hmen, ao³-ap-«n sh-Å-¨m-«w Xp-S-§nbh.
-l-kn-Icm-b hn-t\m-Z-k-©m-cnI-sf B-IÀ-jn-¡m\pw tI-c-f-¯n-se A-h-k-c-§Ä t_m-[y-s¸-Sp-¯m-\p-ambn tI-c-f A-sUz©À Sq-dn-kw s{]-tam-j³ skm-ssk-än-bp-sS t\-Xr-Xz-¯n H-«-\h-[n ]-cn-]m-Sn-I-fm-Wv B-kq-{X-Ww sN-¿p-¶Xv. I-gn-ª am-kw hb-\m-«n kw-L-Sn-¸n-¨ c-≠m-aXv A´mcm{ã aus≠³ ss_¡n§v aÕ-c-¯n bpFkvF, {^m³kv, atejy, Xmbv-emâ v, knwK-¸qÀ, t\¸mÄ, {ioe¦ XpS§nb cmPy§fn \n¶pw C´ybpsS hnhn[ `mK§fn \n ¶pambn 182 t]cmWv aÕc¯ns\¯nbXv. c≠p hn`mK§fmbmWv aÕcw \S¶Xv. Bthi¯n\pw kmlknIXbv¡pw H«pw IpdhnÃmsX C´y³ Xmc§fpw Ip¶pw aeIfpw IogS¡n ^n\njn§v dn_Wns\ ap¯an-«p. IgnªhÀjw sX·ebn \S¶ CâÀ\m jW auss≠³ ss_¡nMv \ÂInb DuÀPamWv c≠maXv A´mcm{ã aÕc§Ä¡v hb\m«n thZnsbmcp¡n-bXv. s]cnt§mSv Ip¶n³ ap-Ifn \n¶pw Xmtg¡v \ofp¶ F«p IntemaoäÀ Zqcw. ] ebnS¯pw ]mXIfnÃ. hfhpIfpw XncnhpIfpw h³IpgnIfpsaÃmap≠v. ChsbÃmw ]n¶n«v Xmgvhmc¯n thK¯n F¯p¶hÀ¡mbncp¶p k½m\w. kmlknIXt]mse k½m\hpw sNdpXÃ. H¶mw Øm\¡mc\v c≠pe£w cq]. BsI ]¯pe£w cq]bpsS k½m\-§Ä. hnam\bm{Xbv¡pÅ Sn¡äv AS¡w \ÂInbm Wv tIcf AsUz©À Sqdn-kw s{]mtamj³ skmsskän A´mcm{ã aÕmcmÀ-°nIsf £Wn-¨Xv. tIcf AsUz©À Sqdn-kw s{]mtamj³ skmssk-än-¡p ]pd-ta a-äv Øm-]-\-§fpw A-sUz-©À Sq-dn-k-w ]²XnI-fp-am-bn ap-t¶m-«v h-cp-¶p-≠v. PnÃm Sq-dn-kw s{]-mtam-j³ Iu¬kn-ep-am-bn k-l-I-cn-¨p sIm≠v kmlknI Im\\ Sqdnkw ]²Xn-¡p th-≠n c-≠v tImSn-bn-te-sd cq-]-bm-Wv Im-en¡-äv kÀ-h-Iemim-e I-gn-ª Un-kw-_-dn A-\p-h-Zn-¨-Xv. bqWnthgvknän s_m«mWn¡Â KmÀU\p ambn _Ôn¸n¨v Iymw]knse h\taJebv¡p aosX BImi¸mX (tdm¸v th) AS¡apÅ kuIcy§Ä Hcp¡nbmWv ]²Xn \S¸m¡p-I. tI-c-f kwØm-\ bp-h-P-\-t£a t_mÀUpw AsUz©À Sq-dn-k-s¯ t{]mÕmln-¸n-¡p-¶p≠v. Sq-dn-kw h-Ip-¸p-am-bn tNÀ¶v bp-h-P-\-t£a t_ mÀ-Uv A-sUz-©À ImÀ-Wn-h kw-L-Sn-¸n-¡p-¶p. 10 Znh-kw \o-≠p\nÂ-¡p-¶ ImÀ-Wn-h-en-\v th≠n 12 e-£w cq-]-bm-Wv A-\p-h-Zn-¨n-cn-¡p-¶-Xv. ImÀWnhen A-´À-tZio-b ]mcmKvssfUnwKv-, au≠³ ss_¡nwKv-, Hm^v- tdmUv- Po¸v- dmen, tdm-¡v- ss¢w_nwKv-, bph-P\-§Ä¡p-Å hnhn-[ kmlknI t{]m{Kmap-IÄ F¶n-h-bmWv DÄ-s¸Sp-¯n-bn-cn¡p¶-Xv-. ]mcmKvssfUnwKn\v- C-´y-bnse X-s¶ Gähpw {][m\s¸-« Ø-e§fnsem¶m-Wv C¶v hm-Ka®nse tIm-em-leta-Sv-. Ign-ª hÀjw bph-P\t£a t_mÀUn-sâ B-`n-apJy¯n ]mcmKvssfUnwKv- s^Ìv- kwLSn-¸n¨ncp-¶p. C-¯-c-¯n Iq«m-b {]-h-À-¯-\-§-fn-eqsS km-l-kn-I t{]-an-I-fp-sS kz-]v-\-`q-an-bm-bn am-dm³ tIc-fw {i-an-¡p-I-bmWv. G-Xv k-©m-cntb-bpw B-IÀ-jn-¡p-¶ `q-{]-Ir-Xn-bm-Wv \-½psS k-hn-tij-X. A-Xv kw-c-£n-¡p-¶Xn-s\m¸w C-hn-sS-sb-¯p-¶ k-©m-cn-I-fpsS A-SnØm-\ ku-I-cy-hn-I-k-\-¯n Iq-Sn A-[n-Ir-XÀ {i-² ]-Xn-¸n-¨m \-ap-¡v k-ss[cyw Ah-sc kzmK-Xw sN-¿m³ km-[n-¡pw.
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kvacW A{X-em-`-I-c-a-Ãm¯, dnkvIv \ndª -H¶mbn-cp¶p 1940Ifn tIc-f¯nse ]pkvXI {]km-[\ hyh-kmbw. Fgp-¯p-ImÀ¡m-sW-¦n hdp-Xn-bpsS \mfp-I-fpw. ]pkvX-I-{]--km-[-\-cw-K¯v \nt£-]-an-d-¡m³ X¿m-dm-Ip-¶-hÀ A]qÀhw am{Xw. F¶m Un kn F¶ Zzbm-£-cn-bn Adn-b-s¸-Sp¶ sUman-\nIv Nmt¡m Ing-s¡-apdn CXn-semcp \à _nkn-\kv tamU Is≠-¯n. ]pkvX-I-§sf km[m-c-WP-\-§-fn-te-s¡-¯n-¨v P\-Io-b-am¡n Hcp kmwkvIm-cn-I-ap-t¶-ä-¯n\v \mµn Ipdn¨p. Un kn Ing-s¡-apdn t\XrXzw \ÂInb ]pkvXI hn¹-h-am-bn-cp¶p km£-c-tI-c-f-¯n\v ASn-¯d ]mInb kp{]-[m\ LS-I-fn-sem-¶v. Fgp-¯p-Imc\v am\y-X-bp-≠m-¡n-s¡m-Sp¯, C´y³ ]pkvXI {]km-[\ hyh-km-b-¯nsâ Ipe]Xn-bmbn hmgv¯-s¸-Sp¶ Un kn F¶ Aam\p-j-{]-`m-h-\mb {]Xn-`-bpsS P·-i-Xm_vZn hÀj-amWv 2014. Imes¯-sh-Ãp¶ \m\m-apJ hyàn-Xz-ambn, _nkn-\kpw cmjv{So-bhpw kmln-Xy-hpapĸsS hn`-n¶-ta-J-e-I-fn kPo-h- CSs]-S-ep-IÄ \S-¯m³ Un kn F¶ IÀatbm-Kn¡v km[n¨p. Hcp kmln-Xy-Im-c³ F¶-Xn-t\-¡mfpw Hcp _nkn-\-kp-Im-c-³ F¶ \nebn Adn-b-s¸-Sm³ CjvS-s¸«n-cp¶ Un knbpsS Pohn-X-¯n-te-¡v... Zn]n³ Zm-tam-Zc³
IÀa-tbm-Kn... ""A¨Sn-b-{´-¯n-sâ \n-_-Ô-\-I-fn A-I-s¸-«-h-cm-Wv F-gp-¯p-Im-c\pw {]-km[-I\pw hm-b-\-¡m-c-\p-saÃmw. hn]-Wn F-¶ `o-I-c-k-Xz-¯n-\v \m-saÃm-hcpw I-¸w sIm-Sp-t¯ ]äq. `m-hn-bn Cu A-h-Ø am-dp-sa¶pw k-\m-X-\am-b Xm-fo-]-{Xhpw hmbv-sam-gnbpw ]pXn-b X-t]m-h-\-§-fn-te-¡v Xn-cn-¨p-h-cp-sa¶pw hn-iz-kn-¡p-¶-h-\m-Wv Rm³. A-Xn-\m-bp-f-f Im-¯n-cn-¸n-sâ C-S-th-f-bn Cu _-Ô-§-sfm-s¡ F-§-s\-bmh-Ww F-¶-Xm-Wv \-½p-sS XmÂ-¡men-I {]-iv\w. Cu {]-iv-\w kr-ãn-]-c-am-bn ssI-Im-cyw-sNbv-X H-cp h-Wn-¡m-Wv Un kn. \njvTq-c-am-b {I-b-hn-{I-b-¯n hf-sc c-l-ky-am-bn C-¯n-cn kv-t\-lhpw Fw-]Xnbpw I-eÀ-¯p-t¼mÄ h-Wn-¡v Un-kn In-g-s¡-ap-dn-bm-bn-¯o-cp¶p,'' H hn hnP-b³ (Uokn Ime-¯nsâ IÀa-km-£n)
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FaÀ-PnMv tIcf t amÀ¨v 2014
B
tKm-f-X-e-¯nte¡p-bÀ¶ ae-bm-f-¯nsâ ¢mkn¡Â Fgp-¯m-ImcpsSsbÃmw saâÀ, Fgp-¯p-ImÀ¡v kaq-l-¯n am\yX e`n-¡-W-sa¶v iTn-¨, Fgp-¯pIm-c\v Fgp-¯p-sIm≠v kzX-{´-\mbn Pohn-¡m-sa¶ kml-Ncyw -kr-jvSn¨ [mÀanI kwcw-`-I³, C¶s¯ tem«-dn- _nkn-\kn\v LS\ \ÂInb ZmÀi-\n-I³, ]pkvXI hyh-km-b-s¯ s{]m^-j-W-ssekv sNbvX _nkn-\-kp-Im-c³, KmÔn-b-\mb kzX-{´-k-a-c-tk-\m\n, A[ym-]-I³, Fgp-¯p-Im-c³....-hyXy-kvX-amÀ¶ \nc-h[n `mh-§Ä tNÀ¶-Xm-bn-cp¶p ]pkvX-I-{]km-[\ hyh-km-b-¯nsâ "tKmUv^m-ZÀ' F¶-dn-b-s¸Sp¶ Un kn Ing-s¡-ap-dn-bpsS Pohn-Xw. Xm³ hnl-cn¨ Hmtcm taJ-e-bnepw Xtâ-Xmb CSw krjvSn-s¨-Sp-¡m³ Un kn¡v km[n-¨p-sh-¶-XmWv {]k-àw. ]pkvX-I{]-km-[-\s¯ em`-I-c-amb Hcp _nkn-\-km-¡m³ km[n-¡p-sa¶v sXfn-bn¨ Un kn- ae-bm-fn-bpsS hmb-\kw-kvImcw cq]-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶-Xn hln¨ ]¦v \nkvXpeam-Wv. AXp-sIm≠pXs¶ Un knbpsS Pohn-X-¯mfp-I-fn-eqsS am{Xta tIc-f-¯nsâ ]pkvX-I{]km[\ hyh-km-b-¯nsâ Ncn{Xw hmbn-s¨-Sp-¡m³ km[n-¡q. 1914 P\p-hcn 12\v tIm«bw PnÃ-bnse Imªn-c¸-Ån-bn P\n¨ Un kn, A[ym-]-I-\m-bmWv Xsâ kmaqly CS-s]-S-epIÄ¡v XpS¡w Ipdn-¡p-¶-Xv. 12 hÀjw A[ym-]-I-\m-bn-cp¶ At±lw tPmen Dt]£n¨v Irjn-bn-te¡v Xncn-ªp. AXn\v tij-amWv tIm«-b-s¯¯n 1945 \mj-W _pIv Ìmfn\v (F³_n-F-kv) XpS-¡-an-Sp-¶-Xv. kplr-¯p-¡-fmb s]m³Ip¶w hÀ¡nbpw sI sP tXma-kp-ap-≠m-bn-cp¶p IqsS. FÃm ae-bm-f-]p-kvX-I-§fpw A¶v F³_nFkn e`y-am-bn-cp-¶p. Fgp-¯p-ImÀ¡v kaq-l-¯n AÀln-¡p¶ BZ-chv e`n-¡-W-sa¶ ]£-¡m-c-\mbn-cp¶p Un kn. B Ime-L-«-¯n-em-I-s«, Pohn-Xs¨-e-hn-\p-ff XpI t]mepw e`n-¡msXbpff Zpcn-Xs\Âk¬ at≠e-tbm-sSm¸w Un kn ]qÀWamb Pohn-X-am-bn-cp¶p kmln-Xy-Im-c³amcptSXv. hÅ-t¯mÄ Xsâ IrXn-IÄ kz´w Imip-ap-S¡n A¨- bv¡Â IqSn-bm-bn-cp-¶p. {]o ]»n-t¡-j³ ]²-Xn-bmkp{]-[m\ A[ym-b§fn-sem-¶mWv. C´y-bnse Sn¸n¨v Xe-bn Npa¶pw s]cp-¦m-b-k-©n-bn Xq¡nBZys¯ k¼qÀW-km-£-cXm kwØm-\am¡n tIcbn-cp¶p {]km-[-\-cw-K¯pff Un knbpsS asämcp ] ¸n-Sn¨pw hn¡m³ \S-¡p¶ Ime-am-bn-cp¶p AsX¶v fw amdp¶-Xn-te-¡mWv Un knbpsS Cu CS-s]-S-ep-IÄ co-£Ww. ]pkvX-I-¯nsâ Df-f-S¡w F´m-sW¶v kn cm[m-Ir-jvW³ "Uokn Ime-¯nsâ IÀa-km-£n-' hgn-sh-¨-Xv. ]pkvX-I-§sf P\m-[n-]-Xy-hXvI-cn-¨p-sht]mepw t_m[y-am-ImsX, Hcp hmb-\-¡m-c³ ]W-abn hnhcn-¡p-¶p-≠v. Fgp-¯p-hnäv Imim-¡p-¶-hÀ ¶Xv Xs¶-bmWv Un kn kaq-l-¯n\v \ÂInb alS¨v Cu ]²-Xn-bn tNc-W-sa-¦n {]km-[-I-\n Fgp-¯p-Im-tcmSv A\oXn am{Xw Im«nb Imew. CXn\v ¯mb kw`m-h-\. A{X-b-[nIw hnizm-kyX thWw. P\-§Ä AÀ¸n¨ hn¹-hm-ß-I-amb coXn-bn amäw hcp-¯m³ Un kn Cu hnizm-ky-X Xs¶-bmWv Un knbpsS hnP-b-¯n\v \S-¯nb CS-s]-S Ncn-{X-¯nsâ `mK-am-bn-¯oÀ¶p. te«-dn-bpsS ]n¶n DuÀPw ]IÀ¶-Xv. sNdnb hcp-am\w e`n-¡p-¶-hÀ¡v Un knbpsS t\Xr-Xz-¯n ImcqÀ \oe-I-WvT-]n-f-fbpw t]mepw alZv -{K-Ù-§Ä kz´-am-¡m-\p-ff anI¨ Fw ]n t]mfpw tNÀ¶v Bcw-`n¨ kmlnXy {]hÀ¯I Ah-k-c-amWv {]o]-»n-t¡-j³ ]²Xn \ÂIn-b-Xv. 1967 Bcw-`n-¨Xv apX CXp-hsc kwØm-\ kl-I-c-W-kw-Lambn-cp¶p B CS-s]-S-ensâ ^ew. s¯ tem«dn _nkn-\kn\v \jvS-¡-W-¡p-IÄ ] \nc-h[n _rlZv {KÙ-§-Ä Cu ]²-Xn-bn-eqsS ae]qÀ®-ambpw Fgp-¯p-Im-cpsS DS-a-Ø-X-bn {] d-bm-\n-Ã, em`-¯nsâ IpXn-¨p-I-bäw am{Xta tcJ-s¸bm-fn-IÄ¡v kz´-am-¡m³ km[n-¨p. C¶pw hnP-b-IhÀ¯n-¡p¶ C¯-c-samcp kwLw temI-¯p-Xs¶ Sp-¯m-\p-f-fq. 1967 20 e£w cq]-bm-bn-cp¶p tem«-dnc-ambn Cu ]²Xn Un kn _pIvkv \S-¸m-¡n-h-cp-¶p. BZy-am-bn-cp-¶p-sh¶v hne-bn-cp-¯-s¸-Sp-¶p. Fgp-¯phn¸-\-bn \n¶p-ff hcp-am-\-sa-¦n 2012-þ13 AXv temI-¯m-Zy-ambn C¯-c-samcp amÀ¡-änwKv X{´w ImÀ¡v 30-þ40 iX-am\w hsc tdmbÂän GÀs¸-Sp-¯m³ Bhn-jvI-cn-¨Xpw hnP-b-I-c-am-bn \S-¸m-¡n-bXpw Hcp] 2778.80 tImSn cq]-bmbn amdn. F¶m em`w sIm¿p¶ kwL-¯n\v km[n-¨p. am{X-a-Ã, Cu _nkn-\kv Bi-b-¯nsâ AhÀ¡v AUzm³kv s]bvsaâ v B[p-\nI cq]w tIc-f-¯n hsc \ÂIp¶ coXn¡pw XpS-¡-anBZy-ambn Ah-X-cn-¸n-¨Xv Un Un kn bpsS {ia-^-e-am-bmWv 1952 ]pkvX-I-§-fpsS taep«p. A¡m-e¯v CsXm¶pw tIc-fknbm-sW-¶Xv Hcp ]t£ ] ¯n tI«p-tIÄhn t]mep-an-Ãm¯ eÀ¡pw ]pXnb Adn-hm-bn-cnff hn¸\ \ nI pXn kÀ¡mÀ FSp¯ pI f ª X v . At±lw Imcy-§-fm-bn-cp-¶p. Fgp-¯p-ImÀ¡v ¡pw. 1960-I-fpsS XpS-¡-¯n Bcw-`n¨ ]pkvXI ¢ºp-Ifpw tlmw sse{_dn kvIoap-I-fpapgp-h³k-ab cN-\-I-fn-teÀs¸tIm«-b¯v ]»n¡v sse{_-dn¡v Sm³ kabw e`n-¡-W-sa¶ Dt±-iyth≠n ^≠v kam-l-cn-¡m-\m saÃmw hmb-\sb ae-bm-fn-bpsS Pohn-X-¯nsâ `mK-am¡n t¯msS Ahsc km¼-¯nI kzXWv tIc-f-¯n BZy-ambn Un XoÀ¯p. ]pkvX-I-§Ä C³ÌmÄsaân-eqsS hm§n-¡q«n X§{´-À B¡m-\pff {ia-amWv Un kn kn tem«dn Ah-X-cn-¸n-¨-Xv. \m \S-¯n-b-Xv. ec e£w cq]-bmWv At±lw fpsS hoSpI f n Xs¶ sse{_dnbp≠m¡ m\ pf f Ahk c a m1950-I-fn- Un kn Ah-X-cn-¸n¨ sse{_-dn-¡mbn tem«dn \S-¯nWv tlmw sse{_dn kvIoan-eqsS km[m-c-W-¡mÀ¡v e`n-¨-Xv. t]¸À_m¡v hn¹-hw C´y³ {]km¸n-eqsS kam-l-cn-¨-Xv. CXns\[\ Ncn-{X-¯n-se kp{]-[m\ GSp-I¯p-SÀ¶v A¶s¯ [\-Im-cy\nch[n `h-\-§Ä Bbn-c-¡-W-¡n\v ]pkvX-I-§-fp-ff "sNdpfn-sem-¶mWv. km[m-c-W-¡m-c\v a{´n ]n sI Ipªp-km-ln_v {K-Ù-im-e-I-fmbn' cq]m-´-c-s¸«p {]m]y-am-Ip¶ hne-bn ]pkvX-Item«dn _nkn-\knsâ {] §Ä e`y-am-¡p-I-bmWv t]¸À_m¡v hÀ¯-\-coXn Un knbn \n hn¹-h-¯n-eqsS At±lw e£y-an¶v a\-kn-em¡n AXv kwØm«-Xv. km¼-¯n-I-]-c-ambpw kmaq\¯v \S-¸n-em-¡p-Ibpw sNbvXp. ly-]-c-ambpw kmwkvIm-cn-I-]-c-am-bp-ap-ff Hcp kaqAXp-t]mse kwØm-\-¯n-s\mcp kmwkvIm-cnIhIp¸v t£ Un kn Bbn-cn-¡pw. l-¯nsâ D¶-Xn¡pw \ne-\n¸n\pw P\-§-fn-te¡v krjvSn-¡p-¶-Xnepw en]n ]cn-jvI-c-W-¯n-ep-saÃmw Un Un kn bpsS {ia-^-e-am-bmWv 1952 ]pkvX-I-§]pkvX-I-§Ä Ft¯-≠-Xnsâ A\n-hm-cy-X-sb-¡pkn hln¨ ]¦v \nÀWm-b-I-am-bn-cp-¶p. ae-bm-f-¯nse fpsS taep-ff hn¸-\-\n-IpXn kÀ¡mÀ FSp-¯p-I-fdn¨v Un kn¡v ]qÀW-t_m-[y-ap-≠m-bn-cp-¶p. AXpBZys¯ tImf-anÌv IqSn-bmWv Un kn. 1946 kn ª-Xv. At±lw Bcw-`n¨ ]pkvXI ¢ºp-Ifpw tlmw sIm≠p-Xs¶-bmWv ]pkvX-I-§sf P\-Io-b-hXvI-cnFw Ìo^sâ ]uc-{]` ]{X-¯n Fgp-Xm³ XpS-§nb sse{_dn kvIoap-I-fp-saÃmw hmb-\sb ae-bm-fn-bpsS ¡p-Isb¶ ZuXyw At±lw kss[cyw Gsä-Sp¯v "Idp¸pw shfp¸pw' ]wàn Gsd NÀ¨ sN¿-s¸-«p. Pohn-X-¯nsâ `mK-am¡n XoÀ¯p. ]pkvX-I-§Ä hnP-bn-¸n-¨Xv. kaq-l-¯nse FÃm X«n-ep-f-f-hÀ¡pw tIc-f-`q-j-Ww, amXr-`qan XpS-§nb {]kn-²o-I-c-WC³ÌmÄsaân-eqsS hm§n-¡q«n X§-fpsS hoSp-I-fn ]pkvX-I-§Ä e`y-am-I-W-sa¶ al-¯mb ZÀ-i\w §-fnepw Cu ]wàn XpSÀ¶p. Ipän-¨qÂ, sa{Xm\pw Xs¶ sse{_dnbp≠m-¡m-\p-ff Ah-k-c-amWv tlmw At±lw tIc-f-¯n-ep-S-\ofw {]N-cn-¸n¨p. anX-amb sImXpIpw XpS§n 25-Hmfw IrXn-Ifpw cNn-¨n-«p-≠v. sse{_dn kvIoan-eqsS km[m-c-W-¡mÀ¡v e`n-¨-Xv. hnebn anI-¨Xpw hyXy-kvXhpw D¶-X-\n-e-hmcw ae-bm-f-¯nsâ A£-c-a-{´-ambn amdnb Un kn ]pkvX-I-§-fn-Ãm¯ \nc-h[n `h-\-§Ä Bbn-c-¡-W]peÀ¯p-¶-Xp-amb ]pkvX-I-§Ä FÃm-X-c-¯n-ep-ff _p¡vkv F¶ {]Øm-\-¯n\v 1974-emWv Un kn XpS¡n\v ]pkvX-I-§-fp-ff "sNdp-{K-Ù-im-eIfm'bn hmb-\-¡m-cn-te¡pw Un kn F¯n-¨p. 1950-I-fnepw ¡-an-Sp-¶-Xv. At±-l-¯nsâ CÑm-i-àn-bpsS ^e-amcq]m-´-c-s¸«p. tIcfw t]msemcp sNdnb kwØm60-I-fnepw ]e ]pkvX-I-§-fp-sSbpw 5000- apX 10000 bmWv Un kn _pIvkv BtKm-f-X-e-¯n-te-¡p-bÀ¶, \¯v 5000-t¯mfw {KmaoW sse{_-dn-IÄ Øm]n-¡phsc tIm¸n-IÄ ASn-¡m³ Un kn ss[cyw ImWn-¨pC´y-bnse Xs¶ {]apJ {]km-[-I-cn ap³\n-c-bn¶-Xn\v ]n F³ ]Wn-¡-cp-sam-¶n-¨v Un kn \S-¯nb sh-¶Xv At±-l-¯nse amÀ¡-änwKv hnZ-Kv[sâ amäp-cse-¯n-b-Xv. D¶-X-\n-e-hm-c-¯n-ep-ff {]km-[-\w, \q apt¶äw tIcf¯nsâ kmwkvIm-cnI Ncn-{X-¯nsâ FaÀ-Pn-Mv tIcf t amÀ¨v 2014
47
kvacW ae-bm-f-`m-j-bpsS ]pkvXI {]km-[\ Ncn{Xw Un knbpsS Pohn-X-N-cn{Xw IqSnbmbn hmbn-¡-s¸-Spw. AXv Xncn-¨-d-nªmWv kwØm\ kÀ¡mÀ Un knbpsS P·-iXm_vZn hÀj-¯n At±-l¯nsâ kvamcIw \nÀan-¡p¶-Xn-\mbn {]tXyI ^≠v A\p-h-Zn-¨-Xv. Un knbpsS P·-Zn\w ]pkvXI Zn\-ambn kÀ¡mÀ {]Jym-]n-¡-W-sa¶ Bh-iyhpw Cub-h-k-c-¯n {]k-à-am-hp-¶p. D¶-X-\n-e-hm-c-¯n-ep-ff {]km-[-\w, \qX-\-amb amÀ¡-änwKv kvIoap-IÄ, {]mtbm-Kn-I-amb hne-þCu aq¶v LS-I-§-fn {i²-bq-¶nb-XmWv Un knsb¶ kwcw-`Isâ hnP-b-¯n \nÀWm-bI-am-b-Xv. PhlÀ-em s\-lv-dphn-t\m-sSm¸w Un kn X-\m-ß-I-amb amÀ¡-änwKv kvIoap-IÄ, {]mtbm-Kn-I-amb hne- þ Cu aq¶v LS-I-§-fn {i²bq-¶n- ]pkvX-I-sa¶ D¸-¶s¯ kao-]n¨-XmWv Un knsb¶ kwcw-`-Isâ hnP-b-¯n \nÀWm-b-I-am-b-Xv. IrXy-\n-jvT-bp-sSbpw hnizm-ky-X-bp-sSbpw {]Xo-Iambn amdnb Un kn, kmwkvIm-cnI tIc-f-¯n\v \ ÂInb kam-\-X-I-fn-Ãm¯ kw`-hm-\-Isf ap³\nÀ¯n-
48
bm-bn-cp¶p 1999 P\p-hcn 26\v cmjv{Sw At±-l-¯n\v ] ß-`q-j³ \ÂIn BZ-cn-¨-Xv. AtX-Zn-hkw Xs¶ c≠v aWn-¡q-dp-IÄ¡v tijw B IÀatbmKn temI-t¯mSv hnS]d-ªt¸mÄ ae-bmf ]pkvX-I-{]-km-[\ cwKs¯ Hcp bpK¯n\v IqSn-bmWv A´yamb-Xv. ae-bm-f-`mj-bpsS ]pkvXI {]km-[\ Ncn{Xw Un knbpsS Pohn-X-N-cn{Xw IqSn-bmbn hmbn-¡-s¸-Spw. AXv Xncn-
¨-d-ªmWv kwØm\ kÀ¡mÀ Un knbpsS P·-iXm_vZn hÀj-¯n At±-l-¯nsâ kvamcIw \nÀan-¡p-¶-Xn-\mbn {]tXyI ^≠v A\p-h-Zn-¨-Xv. Un knbpsS P·-Zn\w ]pkvXI Zn\-ambn kÀ¡mÀ {]Jym-]n-¡-W-sa¶ Bh-iyhpw Cub-h-k-c-¯n {]k-à-am-hp-¶p.
FaÀ-PnMv tIcf t amÀ¨v 2014
kvacW
Un kn Ing-s¡-apdn P\\w: P\p-hcn 12, 1914 ae-bm-f-¯nse BZys¯ tImf-an-Ìv (I-dp¸pw shfp¸pw {]apJ ]wàn) C´ybnse ]pkvXI {]km-[-\-cw-K-¯nsâ Ipe-]Xn kmln-Xy-{]-hÀ¯I kl-I-cW kwL¯nsâbpw \mj-W _pIvÌm-fn-sâbpw kl-Øm-]-I³ ]pkvX-I-¯n\v taep-ff hn¸-\-\n-IpXn Hgn-hm-¡p-¶-Xn \nÀWm-b-I- ]¦p hln¨p tem«dn F¶ Bibw BZy-ambn Ah-X-cn-¸n¨p t]¸À_m¡v hn¹-hw, {]o ]»n-t¡-j³ XpS-§nb \qX-\-amÀ¡-änwKv coXn-IÄ Ah-X-cn-¸n¨p 1974 Un kn _pIvkv Øm]n¨p 1999 P\p-hcn 26\v ]ß-`q-j³ e`n-¨p. c≠v aWn-¡qÀ Ignªv A´-cn¨p
Ime-¯nsâ IÀa-km-£n... Un kn Ings¡ap-dn-sb a-ebm-f km-ln-Xy-¯n-se {]-ap-JÀ HmÀ¡p¶ kv-t\l kvacWnIbmWv "Uokn : Ime¯nsâ IÀakm£n.' Un kn P·i-XmÐnthfbn B ]pkvXI¯n {]apJÀ Un kn Ings¡apdnsb ASbmfs¸Sp¯nb GXm\pw D²cn-WnIÄ
I
hnXbv¡p hmb\¡mcnà F¶Xv Hcp hmbv¯mcn t]mse tIÄ¡m³ XpS§nb Ime¯v Fsâ IhnXm ]pkvXI§Ä¡v ASp¯Sp¯v ]te ]Xn¸pIÄ ]pd¯psIm≠ph¶Xv Un kn _pIv-kneqsSbmWv. "`qans¡mcp NcaKoXw' apX "DÖbn\n' DÄs¸sS "ss`chsâ XpSn' hscbpÅ Fsâ kao]Ime IrXnIÄ hmb\¡mcnse¯n¡p¶Xn Unkn hln¨ ]¦v shdpsamcp {]km[ItâXn\pa¸pdw kv-t\lhmÕy§fpÅ Hcp ImcWhcptSXmbncp¶p F¶p ]dbm³ Rm\m{Kln¡p¶p. Fgp¯pImcsâbpw AbmfpsS hmb\¡mcsâbpw Bhiy hpw Xm¸cyhpw a\knem¡n Ahsb ]mIhnÚm\ t¯msS Iq«nbnW¡p¶Xn Un kn {]ISn¸n¨ {i² AXpeytim`ambncp¶p-þkv-t\lhmÕey§sf Hcp Xcw DZm¯\nkwKXbn Hfn¸n¨phbv¡pIbpw IÀacwKs¯¯pt¼mÄ tImcns¨mcnbpIbpw sN¿p¶ {] IrXambncp¶p Un knbptSXv.
H F³ hn Ip-dp-¸v
]p
" kvXI§Ä acn¡pIbmtWm' F¶ hnhmZw ]mÝmXy temI¯v \S¡p¶ Ime¯mWv "hm§n¸n¡pw hmbn¸n¡pw' F¶ \niÐ ap{ZmhmIyhpambn Un kn ChnsS {]km[\Iebn Hcp hn¹hw hcp¯p¶Xv. Fgp¯pImscÃmw, At±l¯nsâ Øm]\§fn \n¶pw {]kn²oIcn¡m¯hÀ IqSn At±lt¯mSv ISs¸«ncn¡p¶Xpw AXpsIm≠p-Xs¶.
Fw Sn hmkptZh³ \m-bÀ
H
cp henb {]km-[\w D≠m-¡m³ t\XrXzw sImSp-¡p-Ibpw kz´w {]kn-²o-I-c-Ws¯ C´y-bnse Gähpw henb Hcp {]km-[-\-im-e-bm¡n amäp-Ibpw A§s\ C´y-bnse {KÙ-{]-km-[-\-tem-I-¯nse Hcp Bb-X-hn-{K-l-ambn amäpIbpw sNbvX Un kn Ing-s¡-apdn Xsâ \o≠ t]cns\ c≠-£-c-¯n Hfn-¸n-¨-Xp-t]mse Xsâ al-¯mb kw`m-h\-I-sf-sbÃmw Xsâ Ffnb Pohn-X-¯n ebn-¸n¨ kvt\-lk-¼-¶\pw kvt\l-tbm-Ky-\p-amb Bfm-bn-cp¶p. At±lw {KÙ-{]-km-[-\-cw-Ks¯ AXn-Im-b-\m-sW¶p ]d-bp-t¼mÄ At±-l-¯nsâ am\-hn-I-X-bpsS ta· ad-¶p-I-f-b-cpXv
kpIp-amÀ Ago-t¡mSv
Un knsbt¸mse BIÀjWoamb PohntXmÕmlapÅ Hcp hyànsb
Rm³ hfsc hncfamtb I≠n«pÅq. C¶s¯ {]Xybimkv{XhntijW§fp] tbmKn¨v ]dªm Hcp]t£, Un kn Hcp bmYmØnXnI\mWv. kkyt`mPnbmWv, aZy]m\nbÃ, hn¹h{]Øm\§fn t]cpsImSp¯n«nÃ. kz´w Øm]\w em`Icambn \S¯ns¡m≠pt]mIp¶p F¶ `oIcIpäw
FaÀ-Pn-Mv tIcf t amÀ¨v 2014
sN¿p¶h\pamWv. ]t£ Un kn {]kn²oIcn¡p¶ C¶s¯ B[p\nIcpw AXym[p\nIcpw k\mX\cpw B[p\ntIm¯ccpamb F{Xtbm almkmwkv-ImcnI knwl§sf¡mfpw knwlnIsf¡mfpw hnimelrZb\m Wv Un kn. ImcWw Un knbpsS aXw aebmfamWv. Un kn bpsS hÀKw A£camebnse hÀK§fmWv. kmlnXyImc·mcpsS kwLw X½n¯Ãn XIÀ¶t¸mÄ {]Xybimkv{X§fnÃm¯ Cu aqcm¨n¡v aebmf ]pkvXI§Ä¡v Hcp ]pXnb, h¼n¨ kaImeo\amb `h\w Xpd¶psImSp¡m\mbtÃm, AXpXs¶ [mcmfw.
k-¡dnb
Un kn Rm³ I≠ Gähpw hyXykvX\mb Hcp a\p
jy\mbncp¶p. DSp¸nepw \S¸nepsams¡. kzmX{´ykac tk\m\nbmbn«pw At±lw JZÀ [cn¨nÃtÃm. (sNdp¸¯n [cn¨n«pt≠m Ft´m. Rm³ ImWp¶Xp apXÂt¡ lnaip{`amb an hkv{X§fmbncp¶p.) At± l¯nsâ hm¡pIfpw {]hr¯nIfpsams¡ efnXhpw kXykÔhpambncp¶p. GsXmcp km[mcW¡mc\pw Ffp¸¯n a\Ênem¡m³ Ignbp¶Xv. ]t£ AhbpsS ^e§Ä AÛpXIcambncp¶p. aäpÅhÀ¡v kz]v-\w ImWm³ t]mepw Ignbm¯-Xv
Sn ]Zva-\m-`³
CXckwØm-\-§-fnse Fgp-¯p-Im-cp-ambn I≠p-ap-«p¶
tIc-fo-bÀ¡v F¶p-sa-t¸mgpw hni-Zo-I-cn-t¡-≠n-h-cp¶ Hcp Imcyw ChnsS Akm-[m-c-W-amb Af-hn e`y-amb tdmbÂän-bpsS IY-bm-Wv. F´mWv CXn\v ImcWw? tIc-f¯nse Fgp-¯p-ImÀ H¶-S¦w kwL-Sn¨pw kacw sNbvXpw t\Sn-b-XmtWm Cu ku`mKyw? kÀ¡mÀ hnti-jn¨pw hà \nb-a-hpw-aqew Fgp-¯p-Imsc c£n-¨-XmtWm? tIc-f-¯nse {]km-[-IÀ Fgp-¯p-Im-csâ \·-bn asä-§p-an-Ãm¯ Xc¯n DÕp-I-cm-b-Xn-\m e`n¨ A]qÀh-h-c-amtWm? AÃ, AÃ, Aà F¶p adp-]Sn BhÀ¯n¨p ]d-tb-≠n-h-cp-t¼mgmWv Un kn F¶ c≠-£cw \mw Is≠-¯p-¶Xv
kn cm[m-Ir-jvW³
\
½p-sS FÃm {]-hr-¯n-Ifpw kw-`m-h-\-Ifpw t\-«-§fpw Im-e-{]-hm-l-¯n amªp-t]m-sb-¶p-h-cmw. ]t£, A-£-c§-fp-sS temI-s¯ k-¼-¶-am¡n-b Uo-kn-sb BÀ a-d-¡pw? an-j-\-dn-amÀ-¡v kz-´w a-X-t¯m-Sp-f-f X-c-¯n A-£c-§tfm-Sv A-t±-l-¯n-\v {]-Xn-_-²-X-bp-≠m-bn-cp¶p. A-t±-lw A-£-c§-sf hnÂ-¡p-I-bm-bn-cp-¶nÃ, {]-N-cn-¸n-¡p-I-bm-bncp¶p. A-£-c-§-fp-sS {]-Xy-b-im-kv-{X-Im-c-\m-bn-cp-¶p A-t±-lw.
Fw ap-Ipµ³ 49
BtcmKyw
Fkvbp-Sn tI-{µ-am-¡n h³ \-ho-I-c-W-]-²-XnIÄ bp-F-Cbn-se G-ähpw hen-b kz-Imcy slÂ-¯v-sI-bÀ tkh\Zm-Xm-¡fmb F³-Fw-kn slÂ-¯v-sI-bÀ C-´y-bnepw Np-h-Sp-d-¸n-¡p-I-bm-Wv. ss{_-äv sse-^v s\-ävhÀ-¡v Hm-^v tlm-kv-]n-äÂ-kv F-¶ {_m-³-Un-em-Wv I-¼-\n-bp-sS C-´y-bn-se {]-hÀ¯\w. cmPy-s¯ {][m-\ \-K-c-§-fn AhÀ B-cw-`n-¡m-\n-cn-¡p¶ tlm-kv-]n-ä l-ºp-I-fn G-sd {]m-[m\yw e-`n-¡p¶-Xv I-gn-ª hÀjw {Kq¸v Gsä-Sp-¯ Xn-cp-h-\-´-]pcs¯ F-kv-bpSn¡v B-bn-cn-¡pw. ss{_-äv sse-^v s\-ävhÀ-¡v Hm-^v tlm-kv-]n-äÂ-kn-s\ \-bn-¡p-¶ kp-[m-IÀ P-bdmw F-aÀ-Pn-Mv tI-c-f-tbm-Sv kw-km-cn-¡p¶p. hnjv-Wp sP sP \mbÀ
cm-
-P-Io-b-{]u-Un-tbm-sS A-\-´-]p-cn-bp-sS lr-Z-b`m-K-¯v, ]«-¯v X-e-bp-bÀ-¯n \nÂ-¡p-¶ F-kv-bp-Sn tlm-kv-]n-ä G-sä-Sp-¯psIm-≠v- A-´m-cm-{ã sl¯v-sI-bÀ tkh\Zm-Xm-¡fmb ss{_-äv sse-^v s\ävhÀ-¡v Hm-^v tlm-kv-]n-äÂ-kv tI-c-f-¯n-se ssP-{Xbm-{X B-cw-`n-¨p I-gn-ªp. B-tcm-Ky-cw-K-¯-v X-\-Xm-b hy-àn-ap-{Z ]-Xn-¸n-¨ {Kq¸v Xn-cp-h-\-´-]p-c-¯n-\p ]p-dta dm-bv-¸qÀ, `p-h-t\-izÀ, _w-K-fqcp, apw-ss_ Xp-S-§n-b {]-[m-\ \-K-c-§-sf tImÀ-¯n-W-¡ns¡m-≠v tlm-kv]n-ä l-ºp-IÄ H-cp-¡p-¶-Xn-ep-Å {i-a-¯n-emWv. kp-[m-IÀ P-b-dm-an-sâ t\-Xr-Xz-¯n-em-Wv C-´y-bn {Kq¸nsâ h-fÀ¨. bp-F-C F-Iv-kv-tN-©v Øm-]-I³ tUm. _n- BÀ sj-«n-bm-Wv F³-Fw-kn {Kq-¸n-sâ knC-H.
F´p-sIm-≠v tI-cfw? tI-c-f-t¯m-Sv G-sd {]-Xn-]-¯n-bp-Å hy-h-km-bn B-Wv tUm. _n BÀ sj«n. A-t±-l-¯n-sâ sXm-gn-em-fn-Ifn 15000¯n-te-sd t]À a-e-bm-fn-I-fmWv. tI-c-f-¯nse kw-cw-`-Im´-co£-s¯¸-än a-e-bm-fn-IÄ t]mepw B-i-¦-s¸-Sp-t¼mÄ G-sd B-ß-hn-izm-k-t¯mSp Iq-Sn tI-c-fo-b-k-aq-l-¯n-te-¡v Np-h-Sph-bv-¡m³ A-t±l-s¯ {]-tNm-Zn-¸n-¨-Xv tI-c-f-t¯m-Sp-Å k-hntij XmÂ-¸-cyamWv. cm-P-Ip-Spw-_-t¯mSv sj-«n-¡p-Å _-Ôhpw cm-Pm-hn-sâ t]-cn-ep-Å Cu tlm-kv-]n-ä G-sä-Sp-¡p¶Xn-\p ]n-¶n-ep-≠v. ss{_ävsse^v cm-Pys¯ {][m-\ \-K-c-§-fn X-¿m-dm-¡m³ t]m-Ip-¶ tlm-kv-]n-ä l-ºp-IÄ-¡v tI-{µam-Ip-¶-Xpw ]-«w Fkv-bp-Sn Xs¶.
km-[m-c-W-¡m-cn-te-¡v Iq-Sp-X A-Sp-¯v h-tc-Wy-hn-`m-K-¯n-\p am{Xw {]m-]yam-b ]-©-\-£{Xtlm-kv-]n-ä-ep-IÄ sI-«-nbpbÀ-¯p-¶-XneÃ, A¯-cw ku-I-cy-§Ä Xm-tg-¡n-S-bn D-Å-h-cn-te--¡p Iq-Sn F-¯n-¡p-¶-Xn-em-Wv sj«n-km-dn\v XmÂ-¸-cyw. ]-ecpw _n-kn-\-kn-\p th-≠n kn-F-kv-BÀ {]-hÀ-¯-\-§Ä \-S-¯p-t¼mÄ R§Ä¡v kw-cw`w X-s¶ H-cp tkmjy sdkv-t]m³-kn-_n-en-än BWv. k-aq-l-¯n-\p th-≠n tk-h-\-\n-c-X-cm-Ip-¶-Xn R§Ä B\-µw I-s≠-¯p¶p. A§-s\ {]-hÀ-¯n-¨m Im-e-{ItaW em-`w D-≠m-Ip-w. \mw em-`-¯n-\v ]n-¶m-se t]m-tI-≠Xn-Ã. BXpctkh\ cwK-¯v- 25mw hÀj¯nte¡v- I-S¡p-¶ F-kv-bp-Snbn-emWv Z£ntW´ybn BZyambn B³Pntbm¹mÌn sN-bv-X-Xv. lrt{ZmK NnInÕbv¡vt]cptI« F-kvbpSnbn C¶v- FÃm kvs]jenÌvhn`mK§fpw D-¶-X \n-e-hm-c-¯n-epÅhbm-Wv-. F-kv-bq-Sn km-[m-c-W-P-\-§Ä-¡v Iq-Sp-X {]-tbm-P-\I-c-am-Ip-¶ \n-e-bn ]-cn-jv-I-cn-¡p-¶-Xn-\p-Å \-S-]-SnI-Ä ]ptcm-K-an-¡p¶p. 200 s_-Up-IÄ D-Å F-kvbp-Snbn A-Sp-¯ hÀ-j-t¯m-sS 300 s_-Up-I-fm-¡pw. DÄ-{]-tZ-i-§-fnse km-[m-c-W-¡mÀ-¡p th-≠n tlm-kv-]n-ä-ep-IÄ G-sä-Sp-¯p ]-cn-jv-I-cn-¨pw CÃm-¯nS-§-fn ]p-Xn-b-h \nÀ-an-¨p-w ss{_ävsse^v -tk-h-\-\nc-X-am-Ip¶p. s]m-Xp-th B-tcm-Ky-cwK-¯v ]n-t¶m-¡w \nÂ-¡p-¶ {]-tZ-iam-b Xn-cp-h-\-´-]p-cw _o-am¸-Ånbn apÉnw P-amA-¯v tlm-kv-]n-ä C-¯-c-¯n {Kq¸v G-sä-Sp-¯p. Iq-Sm-sX B-ä-n§Â, tIm-gn-t¡m-Sv
50
k-aq-l-¯n-\p th-≠n tk-h-\-\n-c-X-cm-Ip-¶-Xn R§Ä B\-µw I-s≠¯p¶p. A§-s\ {]-hÀ-¯n¨m Im-e-{ItaW em-`w D-≠m-Ip-w. \mw em-`-¯n-\v ]n-¶m-se t]m-tI-≠-Xn-à Xp-S§n-b Ø-e-§-fn-epw R§-fpsS Ht«-sd tlm-kv]n-ä-ep-IÄ {]-hÀ-¯n-¡p-¶p.
kz-]v-\-§-fn-te-¡v Nn-d-Iphn-cn-¨v c-≠p L-«-§-fm-bm-Wv ]-cn-jvI-c-W \-S-]-Sn-IÄ D-tZyin¡p-¶-Xv. 2013 ap-X 2018 h-sc-bp-Å B-Zy-L-«-¯n-\v 1500 tIm-Sn ap-X 2000 tIm-Sn cq-] h-sc sNe-hv {]-Xo£n-¡p¶p. tlm-kv-]n-ä-ep-I-fn Nn-InÕm ku-I-cy§Ä-¡p ]pd-ta ]T-\-§Ä¡pw K-th-j-W-§Ä-¡p-ap-Å ku-I-cy-§fp-sam-cp-¡pw. tk-h-\-§Ä-¡p ap³K-W-\ \Â-Ins¡m-≠p-f-f D-bÀ-¨-bm-Wv R§Ä kz-]v-\w Im-Wp-¶Xv. sSIv-t\m-]mÀ-¡n-\v k-ao-]w kn-än sa-Un¡Â sk-âÀ D-S³ {]-hÀ-¯-\-am-cw-`n-¡pw. _o-am¸-Ån apÉow P-amA-¯v tlm-kv-]n-ä hn-I-k-\hpw D-S³ X-s¶ B-cw-`n-¡pw. c-≠mw-L-« hn-I-k-\-¯n-\v 3500 tIm-Sn ap-X 4500 tIm-Sn cq-] h-sc-bm-Wv {]-Xo-£n-¡p¶Xv.
Iq-Sp-X ap-t¶m-«v _n-kn-\-kn-t\-¡mÄ tk-h-\-{]-hÀ-¯-\-§Ä-¡v {]-Ya ]-cnK-W-\ \Â-Ins¡m-≠p-Å ap-t¶-ä-amWv {Kq¸v
kp-[m-IÀ P-bdmw \-S-¯p-¶Xv. B-tcm-Ky-ta-J-e tk-h-\-cw-K-am-sW-¶pw C-sXm-cp s]m-Xp-P-\-tk-h-\-am-sW-¶p-ap-Å Xn-cn-¨-dn-hmWv R§sf ap-t¶m-«v \-bn-¡p-¶Xv.
kmaq-ly-tk-h-\-¯nepw kPohw
kmaq-ly-tk-h-\ ta-J-e-bn-se k-Po-h-km-¶n[y-am-Wv kp-[m-IÀ P-b-dmw. sd-bn³t_m te-Wn-wKv
A-¡mUan (BÀ-FÂ-F) ss{]h-äv en-anä-Uv F-¶ k-¶-²-kw-L-S-\-bq-sS {]-kn-Uâpw No-^v F-Iv-knIyq-«ohv Hm-^o-k-dp-am-Wv A-t±-lw. \nÀ-[-\cm-b Ip-«n-IÄ-¡v Iw]yq-«À hn-Zym-`ym-khpw Cw-¥o-jv ]-cnÚm-\hpw \Â-Ip-¶ do-Unw-Kv sd-bv³t_m B-Wv BÀ-FÂ-Fbp-sS t\-Xr-Xz-¯n \-S-¶p-h-cp-¶ {] [m\ ]-²Xn. C-¶v cm-Py-s¯ hnhn-[ `m-K-§-fn-se sN-dp-\-K-c-§-fn-sebpw {Km-a-§-fn-sebpw F-®m-bnc-t¯m-fw h-cp-¶ hn-ZymÀ-°n-IÄ-¡v do-Unw-Kv sdbn³t_m A-£-c-sh-fn-¨w ]-I-cp-¶p. sk-âÀ t^mÀ ss{]-a eo-UÀ-jn-¸v (kn-]nFÂ) U-b-d-Îdpw \m-j-W C³-Ìn-äyq-«v t^mÀ eo-tUÀ-kv C³ F-Pyq-t¡-j³ (ss\Â) inÂ-¸n-bp-am-Wv kp-[m-IÀ P-bdmw. Hcp kpØn-c hnZym-`ym-k amXr-I k-aq-l-¯n-\v ]-cn-N-b-s¸-Sp¯n-b kwln-X A-¡mU-an-bp-sS ap-Jy-D-]-tZ-iI\mbpw A-t±-lw {]-hÀ-¯n-¡p¶p. _w-Kfq-cphnepw tIm-b-
¼-¯qcpw {]-hÀ-¯n-¡p-¶ Øm-]-\-am-Wv kwln-X A-¡m-Uan. bp-F-kn-se Hcp {]ap-J A-´m-cm-{ã Øm-]-\¯n tPm-en sN-bv-Xn-cp-¶ kp-[m-IÀ P-bdmw am-Xm A-ar-Xm-\-µ-a-bn-bp-sS B-ZÀ-i-§-fn B-Ir-ã-\m-bn 2004em-Wv C-´y-bn Xn-cn-s¨-¯p-¶Xv. Xp-SÀ-¶v A-t±-lw Aar-X C³-kv-än-äy«v Hm-^v sa-Un-¡Â k-b³-kv B³-Uv dn-kÀ-¨v skâ-dn-sâ am-t\-PÀ Bbpw Aar-X Sn-hnbp-sS kn-C-H, U-b-d-Î-À F-¶o \n-e-I-fnepw {]-hÀ-¯n¨p. 2010 A-t±-lw B cwK-¯v \n¶pw hn-S-]-d-bp-t¼mÄ t{]m-{Km-ap-I-fp-sS an-I-hn-\v kwØm-\ kÀ-¡m-cn-sâ 40 Aw-Ko-Im-c§Ä Aar-X Sn-hn I-c-Ø-am-¡n-bn-cp¶p. Xp-SÀ-¶v hn-Zym-`ym-k cw-K¯pw B-tcm-Ky-cw-K¯pw {]-hÀ-¯n¡m-\m-Wv A-t±-lw Xo-cp-am-\n-¨-Xv. ""am-ä-¯n-sâ c-≠v {][m-\ kq-N-I-§-fm-Wv hnZym-`ym-khpw B-tcm-Ky-hpw. C-Xv c≠pw an-I-¨ \n-ebn {]-Zm-\w sN-¿m³ km-[n-¨m am-{X-ta \-ap-¡v \-½p-sS k-aqls¯ ssI ]n-Sn-¨p-bÀ-¯m³ km-[n¡p-I-bp-Åp.'' kp-[m-IÀ P-bdmw ]-d-bp-¶p. FaÀ-PnMv tIcf t amÀ¨v 2014
BtcmKyw
Im³-kÀ Nn-In-Õ-bv¡v
tUm-ÎÀ-amÀ A-]-cym-]v-Xw kw-Øm-\-¯n-sâ B-tcm-Ky-ta-J-e-bv¡v i-àam-b ap-¶-dn-bn¸v \Â-Ins¡m-≠mWv Cu hÀj-s¯ tem-I Im³-kÀ-Zn-\w IS-¶p t]m-bXv. C-´y-bn {]-Xn-hÀ-jw 500,000t]À Im³-kÀ tcm-K-_m-[n-Xcm-bn a-cn-¡p-t¼mÄ C-Xn-sâ \m-en-sem¶v tI-c-f-¯n \n-¶p-am-sW¶v tem-Im-tcm-Ky kw-L-S-\-bp-sS dn-t¸mÀ-«p-IÄ hy-à-am-¡p¶p. 2015Hm-sS a-c-W-\n-c-¡v 700,000 B-bn D-b-cp-sa-¶mWv hn-e-bn-cp¯Â. C-´ybnsem-«m-sI 300 Im³-kÀ skâ-dp-IÄ AÀ-_p-Z-¯n-\v hn-Z-Kv-[ Nn-In-Õ \Â-Ip-t¼mÄ, tI-c-f-¯n-sâ Im-cy-w ]-cp§-en-emWv. H-cp e-£w Im³kÀ tcm-Kn-IÄ-¡m-bn 160 kv-s]-j-en-Ìv tUm-ÎÀ-amÀ am-{X-am-Wv kwØm\¯p-ÅXv. Ah-cmI-s« {]-Xn-Zn-\w i-cmi-cn 113 tcm-KnI-sf ho-Xw ]cn-tim-[n-t¡-≠ A-h-Ø-bn-epw.
CsI \yqkv_yqtdm
2025 Hm-sS C-´y-bn Im³-kÀ tcm-Kn-I-fp-sS F-®w C-t¸m-gp-Å-Xn-sâ A©n-c-«n-bm-Ip-sa-¶v ]T-\-
sa-Un¡Â Hm-t¦m-f-Pn-kv-äpIÄ am-{X-am-Wv 14 PnÃ-IÄ¡p-am-bp-ÅXv. kq-¸ÀþaÄ-«n kv-s]-jm-en-än B-ip-]-{X-nIÄ H-gn-¨m a-äv B-ip-]-{Xn-Ifn H¶pwX-s¶ tUm-ÎÀ-amÀ Xn-I-bm-¯ Ah-Ø. K-h¬saâ v sa-Un-¡Â tIm-sfPpIÄ DÄ-¸-sS ]-e-bn-S-§-fnepw td-Un-tbj³ Hm-t¦m-f-Pn-kväp-IÄ X-s¶ td-Un-tb-j-\pw, Io-tam-sX-dm-¸nbpw sN-¿p-I-bmWv. td-Un-tbj-\p th-≠ D-]-I-c-W-§Ä D-]-tbm-Kn-¡p-hm³ k-aÀ-°cpw ]-cn-N-b k-¼-¶-cpamb tUm-ÎÀ-am-cp-sS tkh-\w B-h-iy-ap-Åt¸m-gm-Wv td-Un-tb-jsâ ]mÀ-izh-i§-sf¸-än t]mepw a-Xnbm-b [m-c-W-I-fnÃm-¯-hÀ C-Xp sN-¿p-¶Xv.
I-fp-sS I-W-s¡-Sp-¡p-t¼mÄ A-Xv A-]-cym-]v-X-amWv. kw-Øm\-s¯ kz-Im-cy sa-Un¡Â- tIm-sf-Pp-I-fn ko-äp-I-fp-sS F-®w I-W-¡n-se-Sp-¯m 25 ko-äp-IÄ am-{X-am-Wv td-Un-tbj³ Hm-t¦m-f-Pn-bn kv-s]j-ssekv sN-¿p-hm-\m-bp-ÅXv. a-äp hn-`m-K-§-fp-sS Im-cyhpw C§-s\ Xs¶. sa-Un-¡Â tIm-sf-Pp-I-fn Im³-kÀ ]T-\ hn-`m-K-¯n-\v A-Snb-´-c {i-² \Â-In Iq-SpX Hm-t¦m-f-Pn-kv-äpI-sf kr-ãn¡p-Isb¶-Xv Im³-k-dn-\v I-Sn-ªmWn-Sm³ K-h¬-saâ v \-S-¯p-¶ {i-a-§-fp-sS ap-t¶m-Sn-bm-bn sN-t¿-≠-XmWv.
§Ä hy-à-am-¡p¶p. {]-Xn-hÀ-jw ]¯v e-£-t¯mfw t]À¡v ]p-Xp-Xm-bn tcm-K-_m-[-tbÂ-¡p-¶p. \n-e-hn G-I-tZ-iw ]-¯v e-£w izm-k-tIm-i, h-Z-\ Im³-kÀ tcm-Kn-I-fm-Wv kw-Øm-\-¯p-ÅXv. AtXmsSm-¸w X-s¶ F-´psIm-≠v tUm-ÎÀ-am-cnÃ? Xp-ey A\p-]m-X-¯n KÀ-`m-i-bmÀ-_pZw, c-àmÀ-_p-Zw Im³-kÀ tcm-Kn-I-fp-sS F-®w hÀ-[n-¡p-¶Xm-tWm, F-¶n-hbpw hÀ-[n-¨p-h-cp-¶p. tUm-ÎÀ-am-cp-sS F-®w Ip-d-bp-¶XmtWm C-t¸mg-s¯ Im³-k-dn-s\-Xncmb t_m-[-h-XvIcW Imws] A-h-Ø-bv¡v Im-c-W-sa-¶v I-s≠-t¯-≠n-bn-cn-¡p¶p. bn-\p-IÄ kÀ-¡mÀX-e-¯n DuÀ-Pn-X-am-bn XpXoÀ-¨-bmbpw c-≠p Im-c-W-§fpw H-tc Zn-i-bnS-cp-t¼mgpw {]m-Yan-I B-h-iyam-b tUm-ÎÀem-Wv \o-§p-¶Xv. I-gn-ª H-cp ]-Xn-ämam-cp-sS Im-cy-¯n kw-Øm-\-¯n-sâ ≠n-\p-Ån kv-X-\mÀ-_p-Z-¯n-sâ-bpw A-h-Ø ]-cn-Xm-]-I-c-amWv. FwUn tdU nt bj\ p th≠ izm-k-tIm-imÀ-_p-Z-¯n-sâbpw \nc-¡v hn-Zym-`ymk tbm-Ky-Xbpw Im³-kÀ D-]-I-c-W-§Ä D-]-tbm-Kn ]-Xn·-S-§mb-Xv A-Xn-\p-Zm-l-c-WNn-In-Õ-bn I-gn-hp -sX-fn-bn-¨. Hm-t¦m-f-Pn-bn D-]-cn-]T-\w hcpamb tUm-ÎÀ-am-cp-sS F-®-w -¡p-hm³ k-aÀ-°cpw ]-cn-N- amWv t\-Sm³ tUm-ÎÀ-amÀ B-{K-ln-¡mhf-sc Ip-d-hmWv. {]-Xn-hÀ-jw Ipb k-¼-¶-cpamb tUm-ÎÀ-am- ¯Xpw hn-Z-Kv-[ ]T-\w \-S-¯n-b-hÀ d-ª-Xv 40,000 ]pXn-b Im³-kÀ hn-tZi-¯v sXm-gn t\m-¡p-¶Xpw cp-sS tkh-\w B-h-iy-ap-ÅtI-kp-IÄ kw-Øm\¯v dn-t¸mÀA-[ym-]-\-¯n-te-¡v I-S-¡p-¶Xpw «v sN-¿-s¸-Sp-t¼mÄ tUm-ÎÀ-am-cpt¸m-gm-Wv td-Un-tb-jsâ Hm-t¦m-f-Pn-bn hn-Z-Kv-Zcmb tUmsS A\p-]m-Xw 1:1600 F¶ tXm]mÀ-izh-i§-sf¸-än t]mepw ÎÀ-am-cp-sS F-®w Ip-d-bm-\p-Å Xn-emWv. A-tX-k-abw, tZio-b a-Xnbm-b [m-c-W-I-fnÃm-¯- {]-[m-\-Im-c-W-amWv. A-\p-]m-Xw 1:600 BWv. kw-Øm-\B-h-iy-¯n-\v tUm-ÎÀ-am-cnà F-¶ ¯m-sI 150 Xm-sg am{Xw td-Un-tbhÀ C-Xp sN-¿p-¶Xv. Im-c-W-¯m am{Xw i-kv-{X-{In-b amjW Hm-t¦m-f-Pn-kv-äp-I-fm-Wv D-ÅXv. änh-bv-¡-s¸-«v a-c-W-s¸«-h-cp-sS F-®hpw Im³-kÀ Nn-In-Õ-bv¡v {]-KÛ-cm-b G-sd-bmWv. ]-e kz-Im-cy B-ip-]-{Xn-I-fnepw Hm-t¦m-f-Pn-kv-äpI-sf {]-[m-\-am-bpw aq¶m-bn Øn-cw tUm-ÎÀ CÃ. B-gv-N-bn c≠pw aq¶pw Xn-cn-¨n-cn-¡p¶p. sa-Un¡Â Hm-t¦m-f-Pn-kväv, kÀB-ip-]-{Xn-I-fn am-dnam-dn Nn-In-Õ \-S-¯p-¶-h-cm-Wv Pn¡Â Hm-t¦m-f-Pn-kväv, td-Un-tb-jW Hm-t¦m-f-Pn-kvIq-Sp-X tUm-ÎÀ-am-cpw. Cu A-h-Ø aq-ew Zp-cn-Xäv þ tcm-Kn-bn Im³-kÀ I-≠p-]n-Sn-¡p-Ibpw Io-tam¯n-em-Ip-¶-XmI-s« tcm-Kn-I-fpw. kz-Im-cy B-ip-]-{XnsX-dm-¸n DÄ-¸-sS-bp-Å Nn-In-Õm-co-Xn-IÄ \nÀ-tZ-in-¨v \-S-¸n-em-¡p-¶-h-cpam-Wv sa-Un¡Â Hm-t¦m-f-Pn-kv-äp-amÀ. I-fn C-¯-c-¯n Hm-t¦m-f-Pn-kv-äp-IÄ e-`y-am-Ip-¶ Zn-h-k-§-fn ap¶pw \mepw i-kv-{X-{In-b-IÄ H-cp-an-¨v \n-e-hn Ip-d-s¨-¦nepw kp-e-`-am-bn e-`n-¡p-¶ tkh\-S-¯p-I-bmWv. C-Xv Nn-In-Õ-bp-sS Kp-W-\n-e-hmc-s¯ \w C-h-cp-tS-Xv am-{X-amWv. SyqaÀ, Syq-aÀ A-\p-_-Ô _m-[n-¡p-sa-¶v {]-tXy-Iw ]-d-tb-≠-XnÃ-tÃm? I-e-IÄ F-¶nh-sb i-co-c-¯n \n¶pw \o-¡w sN-¿pXn-cp-h-\-´-]pc-s¯ do-PW Im³-kÀ skâÀ H¶-h-cm-Wv kÀ-Pn¡Â Hm-t¦m-f-Pn-kv-äp-amÀ. Im³-k-dpgn-sI a-än-S-§-fn H¶pwX-s¶ sa-Un¡Â, kÀ-Pn¡Â, am-bn _-Ô-s¸-« FÃm i-kv-{X-{In-b-Ifpw \-S-¯p¶-Xv td-Un-tbj³ Hm-t¦m-f-Pn-kv-äp-I-fp-sS tkh-\w H-cp-ankÀ-Pn¡Â Hm-t¦m-f-Pn-kv-äp-amcmWv. A-Xn-\m¯-s¶ ¨v e-`yaÃ. B-h-iy-¯n-\v hn-Zym-`ymk tbm-Ky-X-bpÅ B-tcm-KycwK-¯v ZuÀ-e`yw G-sdbpw C-hÀ-¡mWv. tdUn-tb-j³ sX-dm-¸n-bn-eq-sS Im³-kÀ Nn-ànkn-¡p-¶-h- tUm-ÎÀ-amcnà F-¶-Xp-X-s¶-bm-Wn-Xn-\p {][m-\ ImcWw. td-Un-tbj³ Hm-t¦m-f-Pn-¡m-bn Xn-cp-h-\-´cm-Wv td-Un-tbj³ Hm-t¦m-f-Pn-kv-äp-amÀ, ap¼p ]-d-ª]p-cw sa-Un-¡Â tIm-sf-Pn tI-h-ew aq¶p ko-äp-IÄ Xp t]m-se C-h-cp-sS F®w 150 Xm-sg am-{X-amWv. am-{X-am-Wp-ÅXv. sa-Un-¡Â Iu¬-kn Hm-^v C´y Poh-\p `o-j-Wn-bm-Ip-¶ Syq-a-dpI-sf ]qÀ-W-ambpw tIm-«bw, Xr-iqÀ, tIm-gn-t¡mSv, B-e¸p-g sa-Un-¡Â \o-¡wsN-¿p-¶-Xn hn-Z-Kv-[cm-b kÀ-Pn¡Â Hm-t¦m-ftIm-sf-Pp-IÄ-¡m-bn F«p ko-äp-IÄ IqSn Cu hn-`m-KPn-kv-ä-dp-I-fp-sS A-`m-hw A-hØ-sb Iq-Sp-X Kp-cp¯n A-\p-h-Zn-¨n-«p-s≠-¦nepw hÀ-[n-¨p-h-cp¶ tcm-KnX-c-am-¡p¶p. 4.4 e-£w tUm-ÎÀ-amÀ-¡n-S-bn 1500
FaÀ-Pn-Mv tIcf t amÀ¨v 2014
51
t^m¡-kv tIcf
C-S-]m-Sp-ImÀ-¡v F-{Xbpw s]-s«-¶v aq-ey-hÀ[n-X tkh-\w D-d-¸m-¡n sIm≠m-Wv -Ccn-§m-e¡p-S Su¬ tImþHm-¸-td-änhv _m-¦v hn-izm-kw BÀPn-¨Xv. Po-h-\-¡mcpsS D-¶-X \n-e-hm-c-apÅ tkh-\-co-Xn-, Iq«m-b {]-hÀ¯-\-w F¶n-h-bn-eq-sS tI-c-f-¯n-se AÀ-_³ tImþHm-¸-td-äo-hv _m-¦nwKv ta-J-e-bn {]-Y-a-Øm\-s¯-¯m³ _m-¦n-\m bn. kw-Øm-\-s¯ 60 AÀ-_³ tImþHm-¸-td-än-hv _m-¦p-I-fn hy-àam-b _n-kn\-kv sU-h-e]v-saâ v B-£³ ]-²-Xnbpw 650 tIm-Sn \nt£] hp-am-bn sj-Uyq-Ä-Uv _m¦v F-¶e-£y-¯n-te-¡v Ip-Xn-¡p-¶ _m-¦n-sâ khn-ti-j-X-I-fpw {]-hÀ-¯\-§fpw hn-h-cn-¡p-I-bm-Wv P-\-d am-t\PÀ Sn sI Zn-eo-]v Ip-amÀ.
Ccn-§m-e¡p-S Su¬ tImþHm-¸-td-änhv _m-¦v
s_äÀ _m-¦nw-Kv s_-äÀ sse-^v
_m-¦nw-Kv tkh-\w km-[m-c-W-¡m-cn-te-s¡-¯n¡p-¶-Xn-\mbn 1918Â B-cw-`n-¨ Ccn-§m-e¡p-S Su¬
tk-h-\-¯n-\p-ap-Å Aw-Ko-Im-camWv.
Icp¯v D¸m-Z-\-£-aX
tImþHm-¸-td-änhv _m-¦n-\v 1996em-Wv AÀ-_³ _m-¦v F-¶ Aw-Ko-Im-cw e-`n-¡p-¶-Xv. kz-bw hn-i-I-e-\-¯nsâ ]m-X-bn i-ànbpw ZuÀ-_ey-§fpw Xn-cn-¨-dnª-Xn-eq-sS-bm-Wv AÀ-_³ tImþHm-¸-td-äo-hv _m-¦nw-Kv ta-J-e-bn ap³-\n-c-bn-se-¯m³ _m-¦n-\v km-[n-¨-Xv. 14 {_m©p-I-fp-ambn tI-c-f-¯n-se AÀ-_³ _m-¦p-I-fn H¶mw Øm-\w A-e-¦cn-¡p-¶ C-cn-§m-e¡p-S Su¬ tImþHm-¸-td-än-hv _m-¦v C-¶v tZio-b X-e-¯n X-s¶ {i-²n-¡-s¸-Sp-¶ _m-¦p-I-fn-sem-¶mWv.
k-hn-ti-j-X-IÄ BÀ_nsF sse-k³-tkmsS {]-hÀ-¯n-¡p-¶ _m-¦n-sâ i-ànt{km-X-sk-¶v ]-d-bp¶-Xv D-]-t`m-àm¡fpw \qtdm-fw h-cp¶ Po-h-\-¡m-cp-w anI-hmÀ¶ {] hÀ¯\w ImgvN-h-bv¡p¶ `c-W-k-an-Xn-bp-amWv. tI-c-f¯n-ep-S-\o-fw {_m-©p-IÄ Xp-S-§p¶-Xn-\v BÀ-_n-sF Aw-Ko-Im-cw e-`n-¨n-«p-Å _m-¦n-sâ e£yw tI-c-f-¯n-epS-\o-fw {_m-©v Xp-S-§-W-sa¶p X-s¶-bm-sW-¶v Zn-eo]v Ip-amÀ hy-à-am-¡p-¶p. sIm-ta-gv-ky _m-¦p-IÄ \Â-Ip-¶ FÃmhn-[ ku-I-cy-§fpw _m-¦n-ep≠v. Gähpw an-I-¨ coXn-bn-ep-Å A-SnØm-\ ku-I-cy§Ä X-s¶-bm-Wv FÃm {_m-©n-ep-apÅXv. km-t¦Xn-I hn-Zy-bp-sS D-]-tbm-K-¯nepw _m-¦v F¶pw ap³-]-´n-bnem-Wv. A-Xn-\m D-]-t`m-àm-¡Ä-¡v an-I-¨ tkh-\w e-`y-am-¡p-¶-Xn-\v km-[n-¡p-¶p-≠v. F-SnFw, tImÀ _m-¦nwKv, Um-äm skâÀ, sU-_n-äv ImÀUv, sN-¡v {S-t¦-j³ ¢n-b-dnw-Kv kn-kväw, BÀ-SnPnFkv/ s\-^v-äv XpS-§n FÃm-hn-[ B-[p\n-I ku-Icy-§fpw C-hn-sS ^-e-{]-Z-am-bn \-S-¸n-em-¡n-bn-cn-¡p¶p. _m-¦n-sâ FÃm {_m-©p-Ifpw Rm-b-dm-gv-N-I-fnepw Xpd-¶p {]-hÀ¯n-¡p-¶p. C-cn-§m-e-¡p-S sa-bn³ {_m-©v cm-hn-se F-«v ap-X cm{Xn F-«v h-sc-bmWv {]-hÀ¯n¡p¶Xv. am-{X-aà a-äv _m-¦pIÄ D-]-t`m-àm-¡Ä-¡v _m-¦nw-Kv C-S-]m-SpIÄ ssh-In-«v \m-ev h-sc \Â-Ipt¼mÄ C-hn-sS AXv A-©-c h-sc-bm-Wv. tIc-f-¯nse k-lI-c-W _m-¦nw-Kv ta-J-e-bn B-Zy-am-bn dp-s] ImÀ-Uv A-h-X-cn-¸n-¨-Xn-tâbpw dp-s] ImÀ-Up-am-bn _-Ô-s¸-Sp-¯n B-Zy-am-bn F-Sn-Fw B-cw-`n-¨-Xn-sâ-bpsaÃmw s{I-Unäv C-cn-§m-e¡p-S Su¬ tImþHm-¸-td-änhv
52
Sn sI Zn-eo-]v Ip-amÀ P-\-d am-t\PÀ
Fw ]n Pm-Ivk³ sN-bÀ-am³
_m-¦n-\v kz-´-amWv.
DbÀ¶ _nkn-\kv C-cn-§m-e-¡p-S-bp-sS hn-I-k-\-¯n \nÀ-Wm-b-I ]-¦v h-ln-¨n-«p-Å _m-¦n-sâ 2012þ13 [-\-Im-cy hÀjs¯ Hml-cn aq-e-[-\w 18 tIm-Sn cq-]bpw F ¢m-kv sa-w_À-am-cp-sS F-®w 27,598Dw B-bn-cp-¶p. I-gn-ª km-¼¯n-I hÀ-j-¯n _m-¦n-sâ B-sI \n-t£-]§Ä 46 i-X-am-\w h-fÀ-¶v 524 tIm-Sn cq-]-bmbpw hm-bv]m _m-¡n 63 i-X-am-\w h-fÀ-¶v 383 tIm-Sn cq-]bmbpw am-dn-bn-cp¶p. A§-s\ t\m-¡p-t¼mÄ sam-¯w _n-kn\-kv 907 tIm-Sn cq-]-bn-se¯n. {]-hÀ-¯-\ em-`-am-Is« 5.57 tIm-Sn cq-]bpw A-äm-Zmbw 1.92 tIm-Sn cq-]-bpw. _m-¦n-sâ s\-äv hÀ-¯v 31.87 tIm-Sn cq-]-bm-bn-«m-bn-cp-¶p D-bÀ-¶Xv. Cu-sbmcp I-W-¡n- \n-¶v \n-e-hn-se ØnXn-bn-te-s¡-¯p-t¼mÄ 650 tIm-Sn cq-]-bpsS \n-t£-] hpw hm-bv-]m _m-¡n 450 tIm-Sn cq-]-bp-am-bn sam-¯w _n-kn-\-kv 1100 tIm-Sn cq-]-bn-em-sW-¯n-bn-cn-¡p-¶-Xv. F ¢m-kv sa-w_À-am-cp-sS F-®w ap-¸-Xn-\m-bn-chpw Ihnªp. Im-¸n-ä dn-kv-Iv Ak-äv td-tjym 9.58 i-X-am-\ hpw s\-äv F³-]n-F 2.27 i-X-am-\-hp-amWv. FÃm hÀ-jhp-w bm-sXm-cp ap-S-¡hpw Iq-Sm-sX sa-w_À-amÀ-¡p-Å Un-hnUâ v hn-Xc-Ww sN-¿p¶ C-cn-§m-e¡p-S Su¬ tImþHm-¸-td-än-hv _m-¦n-\v k-lIc-W Hm-Un-äv {]Im-cw F ¢m-Êpw dn-kÀ-hv _m¦v Hm-^v C-´y-bp-sS DbÀ¶ td-änw-Kpw t\-Sm³ I-gn-ª-Xv an-I-¨ {]-hÀ-¯-\-¯n\pw
A-Sp-¯ Im-e-¯m-bn _m-¦v ssI-h-cn-¨ t\-«-§fnsem-¶m-bn--cp-¶p s]À Fw-t¹m-bn- _n-kn-\kv. Hmtcm sXm-gn-em-fn-bp-tSbpw DÂ-¸m-Z-\ £-a-X Iq-«n _m-¦n-s\ an-I-¨ \n-e-hm-c-¯n-te-¡p-bÀ-¯p-I-sb-¶-Xm-WnXv. \q-dv Po-h-\-¡m-cn-eq-sS 1100 tIm-Sn cq-]-bp-sS _n-kn-\-kmWv s]À Fw-t¹m-bn _n-kn-\-kv DbÀ¯pI F-¶ B-i-b¯n-eq-sS _m-¦v t\-Sn-sb-Sp¯-X.v Po-h-\-¡mÀ-¡v \n-c´cw ]-cn-ioe-\w \Â-In-s¡m-≠v DÂ-¸m-Z-\-£-a-X-bpbÀ¯n _m-¦n-s\ an-I-¨ \n-e-hm-c-¯n-te-¡p-bÀ-¯p-¶ Cu co-Xn a-äv Øm-]-\-§Ä-s¡Ãmw am-Xr-Ibm-¡m-hp-¶XmWv. C-XpIq-SmsX sU-en-tK-j\pw _m-¦v hfsc {i-² \ÂIp-¶p-≠v. 25 e£w h-sc-bp-Å-h P-\-d am-t\-Pdn-\pw 50 e-£w h-sc-bpÅ-Xv k-_v I-½n-än¡pw ]m-km-¡m³ I-gn-bpw. A-©v e-£w h-sc-bp-Å-h {_m©vv am-t\-PÀ-amÀ-¡pw ]m-km-¡mw. 50 e-£-¯n-\v apI-fn-ep-Å hmbv-] am-{X-am-Wv t_mÀ-Un-te-¡v t]m-Ip-¶Xv. sFSn-kn _m-¦v F-¶ {_m³-Upw "s_-äÀ _m-¦nwKv s_-äÀ sse-^v' F-¶ Sm-Kvsse\pw _m-¦n-s\ {i-t²-bam¡n-b L-S-I-§-fmWv.
k-aq-l-¯n-sâ h-fÀ-¨-bv¡v AÀ-_³ _m-¦p-IÄ B-hiyw km-[m-c-W-¡m-cp-sS D-¶-a-\-¯n\pw k-aq-l-¯n-sâ h-fÀ-¨-bv¡pw AÀ-_³ _m-¦p-IÄ h-ln-¡p-¶ ]-¦v h-ep-Xm-sW-¶v sNbÀ-am³ Fw ]n Pm-Ivk³ ]-d-bp¶p. P-\-§-fp-sS B-h-iy-§Ä I-≠-dn-ªv k-lm-bn-¡m-\pÅ I-gn-hm-Wv AÀ-_³ _m-¦pI-sf P-\-§Ä-¡n-Sn-bn {]n-b-¦-c-am-¡p-¶Xv. C¯-cw P-\Io-b _m-¦p-IÄ-¡v Iq-Sp-X t{]m-Õm-l-\-hpw kÀ-¡m-cn-sâ k-lm-bhpw \Â-tI≠-Xv Im-e-L«-¯n-sâ B-h-iy-am-bn h-¶n-cn¡p¶p. tI-c-f-¯n-se _m-¦nw-Kv s\-ävhÀ-¡v Iq-Sp-X i-à-am-¡p-¶-Xn\pw ^n-\m³-jy C³-¢q-j³ \-b§Ä hn-P-bn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xn\pw tI-c-f-¯n-se AÀ-_³ _m-¦p-IÄ-¡v kw-Øm-\-sam-«m-sI {_m-©p-IÄ Xp-d-¡phm³ I-gn-bp-¶ X-c-¯nepw {]-hÀ-¯-\ ]-cn-[n-bn A\n-hm-cyam-b am-äw h-cp-¯p-¶-Xn\v kÀ-¡mÀ D-¯-c-hp-Ifp-≠m-I-W-sa¶pw Fw ]n Pm-Ivk³ Iq-«n-t¨À-¡p-¶p. FaÀ-PnMv tIcf t amÀ¨v 2014
t^m¡-kv tIcf
a-cn-bm-kv- ]n-¡nÄ-kn-\v ]pXn-b ap-Jw;
tKm]n-I I-cmÀ H-¸n«p s]-cp-¼m-hq-cn I¸p-c-tÈ-cn X-d-hm-«n-se
s]-cp-¼m-hqcnepw tIm-«-b-¯pam-bn aq-¶p ^m-Îa-dn-b-½-bp-sS cp-Nn-¡qdn-IÄ B-Wv C-¶v «n-\v C-\n ]p-Xn-b-apJw. a-cn-bm-kv A-¨m-dn-sâbpw a-km-e-¡q]n-¡nÄ-kv B³Uv «n-sâbpw hn-]-Wn-bn-se kv-ss]k-kv I-¼ap³\n-c {_m³Um-b a-cn\n-¡p-Å-Xv. 300Hmbm-kv -]n-¡nÄ-kv Bâ v fw t]À-¡v I¼-\n kv-ss]-k-kv Iq-Sp-X t\-cn-«v sXm-gn DÂ-¸-¶-§fpw e-£y-§\Â-Ip-¶p. kntPm fp-am-bn ]pXn-b kmsk-_m-kv-äy³, ¼¯n-I hÀ-j-¯n-te-¡v tSmw sk-_m-kvtZ-h-kn-¡p-«n a-dn-b-½ tZ-h-kn-¡p-«n äy³, tSmw am-Xyq, {]-th-in-¡p-¶p. ImÀjn-I hn-Ik-\w Iq-Sn e-£y-an-«v B-in-jv hn Un Iq-Sp-X aq-ey hÀ[n-X DÂ-¸-¶-§Ä a-cn-bm-kv F-¶n-h-cm-Wv a-cn-bm-kv ]n-¡nÄ-kn-sâ ]n-¡nÄ-kv hn-]-Wn-bn-se-¯n-¡pw. N-e-¨n-{X Xm-cw km-c-YnIÄ. tKm-]n-I-bm-bn-cn¡pw I-¼-\n-bp-sS ap-Jy {]-Nmc-I. Xp-S-¡-w ap-XÂX-s¶ a-dn-b-½-bp-sS tKm]n-I C-Xn-\mbn I-cmÀ H-¸n-«p-I-gnªp. cp-Nn-¡q-«n-\v \à {]-Xn-I-c-W-§-fm-Wv sXm-®q-dp-I-fp-sS a-[y-¯n s]-cp-¼m-hq-cn-em-Wv e-`n-¨-sX-¶v I-¼-\n-bp-sS km-c-Yn-IÄ acn-bmkv ]n-¡nÄ-kv B³Uv kvss]-k-kn-sâ ]-c-ky-Nn-{Xo-I-c-W-¯n\n-sS tKm-]n-Ibpw kw-hn-[m-b-I³ jm-kv j_odpw a-cn-bm-kv -]n-¡nÄ-kv B³Uv kv-ss]-k-kv I-¼]-d-bp-¶p. a-dn-b-½-bp-sS ap-Jw X-s¶\n-bp-sS ssP-{X-bm-{X-bp-sS Xp-S¡w. IÂ-¸pbm-Wv hn-]-Wn-bn X-§-fp-sS {][m-\ B³Uv {Iq B-Wv ]-c-ky-Nn{Xw H-cp-¡p-¶Xv. N-e-¨n-{X c-tÈ-cn X-d-hm-«n-se tZ-h-kn-¡p-«nbpw a-dnI-cp-¯v. 2014 I¼-\n do {_m³-Uv amÀ-¡-änw-Kv ta-J-e-bn \q-X-\m-hn-jv-Im-c-§Ä sImb-½ tZ-h-kn-¡p-«nbpw B-Wv Øm-]IÀ. sN-¿p-¶-Xn-sâ `m-K-am-bn {]o-an-bw sk-Kvsaâp-I-fn ≠v {i-t²-b\m-b ]c-kyNn-{X kw-hn-[m-b-I³ jm-kv ]-c-¼-cm-K-X-am-bn In«n-b cp-Nn-¡q-«n Iq-Sp-X DÂ-¸-¶-§Ä A-h-X-cn-¸n-¡pw. Ip-«n-I-fpj-_oÀ kw-hn-[m-\w \n-Àhn-ln-¡p¶p. N-e-¨n-{X cwKX-¿m-dm¡n-b A-¨m-dp-I-fm-Wv C-hÀ sS C-ãw Iq-Sn ]-cn-K-Wn¨p-sIm-≠m-bn-cn-¡pw C-Xv. ¯p \n-¶p-Å Iym-a-d-am³ \o Un Ip-ª, I-em-kw-hnhn-]-Wn-bn-se-¯n-¨Xv. C-Xn-sâ hn-PIr-jn-bp-sS kw-c£-Ww e-£y-an-«v Iq-Sp-X aq-ey [m-b-I³ {]-im-´v am-[hv, F-Un-äÀ kw-Pn-Xv ap-l-½Zv, b-t¯m-sS a-km-e-¡q-«p-Ifpw hÀ[n-X DÂ-¸-¶-§-fpw ]p-d-¯nd¡pw. kwKo-X kw-hn-[m-b-I³ cm-lp cm-Pv Xp-S-§n-b-hcpw Pmw, kv-Izmjv, tkm-kv Xp]-c-¼-cm-KXw, {]-Ir-Xn-Z¯w, cp-NnI-cw Cu ]-c-kyNn-{X-¯n-\p th-≠n H-¶n-¡p¶p. S-§n-b-hbpw ]pXn-b cp-NnF-¶ X§-fp-sS ]-c-ky-¯n-se hm-¡p""a-dn-b-½-bp-sS cp-Nn-¡q-«n-sâ B-cm-[-I³ Iq-Sn-bm-Wv ¡q-«p-am-bn A-h-X-cn-¸n¨p. IÄ ap-dp-sI ]n-Sn¨p-sIm-≠m-Wv ]pXn-b Rm³. Cu ]-c-ky-Nn{Xw th-dn-« co-Xn-bn H-cp-¡m³ Ip-d-ª Imew-sIm-≠v tIkm-¼¯n-I hÀ-j-¯nepw ap-t¶dp-IF-s¶ t{]-cn-¸n¨-Xv t{]m-U-Iv-än F-\n-¡p-Å hn-izmc-f-¯n-\-I¯pw ]p-d¯pw sb¶v C-hÀ hy-à-am¡n. kzo-Imcy-X t\Sn-b a-cn-bm-kv -]n-¡nÄ-kv C-¶v shPv, C-Xn-sâ `m-K-am-bn a-e-bm-fn-I-fp-sS C-ã-\m-bn-Ibmb kw Iq-Sn-bmWv. I¼-\n km-c-Yn-IÄ DÂ-¸-¶-¯n-sâ t\m¬ sh-Pv hn-`m-K-§-fn hnhn-[ C-\-¯nÂ-s]-« 104 tKm-]nI-sb-bmWv a-cn-bm-kv ]n-¡nÄ-kv B³Uv kvss] {]-Nm-c-W-¯n-\v \q-X-\ B-i-b-§Ä k-t´m-j-]qÀ-hw kzo-I-cn-¡m³ X-¿m-dm-bXpw F-\n-¡v i-àn ]-IÀ¶p'' A-¨m-dp-IÄ hn-]-Wn-bn-se-¯n-¡p-¶p. \q-dn-e-[n-Iw a-km- k-kv ap-Jy {]-Nm-c-I-bm-bn A-h-X-cn-¸n-¡p-¶Xv. I-¼-\nkw-hn-[m-b-I³ jm-kv j-_oÀ ]-d-bp¶p. e-¡q-«p-Ifpw hn-]-Wn-bn a-cn-bm-kn-tâ-Xm-bp≠v. bp-sS amÀ-¡-änw-Kv I¬-kÄ-«³-knbm-b kv-ss{S-t¡-gv-kv
hntZ-i-t¯-¡v bm{X-t]m-Imw, tkm-a³kn-s\m¸w hntZ-i hn-t\m-Z-bm{X-IÄ Ir-Xy-X-tbm-sS kw-L-Sn-¸n-¨v hn-P-b-I-cam-b 17 hÀ-j-§Ä
\yq-kn-e³-Uv F-¶o cm-Py§-fn-te¡pw hn-t\m-Z-bm-{X kw-L-Sn-¸n-¨-p-sh-¶Xpw Cu ]qÀ-¯n-bm-¡n-bn-cn-¡p-I-bm-Wv sIm-¨n B{Sm-h G-P³-kn-bp-sS k-hnØm-\-am-bn {]-hÀ-¯n-¡p¶ tkm-a³-kv ti-j-X-bm-Wv. 25,000¯n-te-sd enjÀ SqÀ-kv C´ym ss{]h-äv en-anä-Uv h-cp-¶ kw-Xr-]v-Xcm-b D-]-t`mF-¶ Øm-]\w. ]-ecpw B-`y-´-c Sq-dpàm-¡-fm-Wv tkm-a³-kn-sâ IÄ-¡v Iq-Sp-X {]m-[m\yw \Â-Ip-t¼mÄ tk-h-\-§-fp-sS {][m-\ {]-Nm]qÀ-W-am-bpw hntZ-i Sq-dp-IÄ B-{K-lnc-I-sc-¶mWv Fw sI tkma³ ¡p-¶-hÀ-¡m-bmWv tkm-a³-kv en-jÀ hn-iz-kn-¡p-¶Xv. Xr-iqÀ, ] {]-hÀ-¯n-¡p-¶-Xv. hn-tZ-i-¯v H-cp hn-t\mm-e-¡mSv, Xn-cp-h-\-´-]pcw, Z-bm-{Xsb¡p-dn-¨v Nn-´n-¡p-t¼m-sgÃmw tIm-gn-t¡m-Sv PnÃ-I-fn-epw tkma-e-bm-fn-bp-sS a-\-kn-te¡v Hm-Sn-sb-¯p-¶ a³-kn-sâ {_m-©p-IÄ {]-hÀ\m-a-ambn 1998 {]-hÀ-¯-\-am-cw-`n-¨ Cu ¯n-¡p-¶p-. Øm]\w am-dn-¡-gn-ªp. C-¡m-e-a-{X-bpw km-¼-¯n-Iam-µy-s¯ Xp-SÀ-¶v B-`yFw sI tkma³ \ÂIn-b an-I-hp-ä tk-h-\-am-Wv C-Xn-\v ´-c bm-{XIÄ kw-L-Sn-¸n-¨n-cp¶ ]-ecpw amt \P nwK v Ub d ÎÀ -CS-bm-¡n-b-sX-¶v tkm-a³-kv enjÀ SqÀhntZ-i hn-t\m-Z k©m-c ta-J-e-bn-te-¡v kv am-t\-Pnw-Kv U-b-dÎÀ Fw sI tkm-a-³ amdn. A-Sp-¯n-sS {Sm-h G-P³-kn-IÄ ]-d-bp¶p. B-cw-`n-¨-hÀ¡v A-hÀ bm-{X kw-L-Sna-te-jy, knw-K-¸qÀ F-¶n-h-n-S-§-fn-te-¡v bm{X kw¸n¡p-¶ cm-Py-§-fp-sS kv-s]Ãnw-Kv t]m-ep-a-dn-bnÃ. hfL-Sn-¸n¨p-sIm-≠m-bn-cp-¶p Xp-S¡w. ]n-¶o-S-Xv bq-tdmsc sNdn-b Xp-I-bv-¡v SqÀ t]m-Im-sa¶v ]-c-kyw \ÂIn]y³ cm-Py-§-fn-te-¡pw, Hm-kv-t{S-en-b, \yq-kn-em³-Uv, bm-Wv C-hÀ I-_-fn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xv. H-cp SqÀ Hm-¸-td-ä-dp-sS ku-¯v B-{^n-¡, d-jy, ssN-\, P-¸m³ Xp-S§n-b Iq-sSt¸m-bn-«v F-{X ]-W-¡m-c-\m-bmÂ-t]mepw kz-´-amcm-Py-§-fn-te-¡pw hym-]n-¸n-¨p. tI-c-f-¯n \n-¶pw bn H-cp tlm-«-seSp-¯v Xm-a-kn¡mt\m Xn-cn-¨p-hcmt\m B-Zy-am-bn bq-tdm-¸n-te¡pw A-ta-cn¡, Hm-kv-t{S-en-b, ]-änÃ. A-hÀ \Â-Ip-¶ ku-I-cy-§Ä kzo-I-cn-¡p-I FaÀ-Pn-Mv tIcf t amÀ¨v 2014
am-{X-ta \n-hr-¯n-bpÅp. CtXmsS A-hÀ I-_-fn-¡-s¸-«Xm-bn a-\-kn-em-Ipw. F-¶m C-Xn \n-¶v h-f-sc-b-[n-Iw hy-Xy-kv-X-am-Wv tkm-a³-knsâ {]-hÀ-¯-\-sa-¶pw tkma³ hy-à-am¡n. hntZ-i Sq-dn G-ähpw {]-[m\w tlm-«epw FbÀsse-³kpamWv. Ch _p-¡v sN-bv-X-Xn-\v ti-j-am-Wv tkm-a³kv k-©m-cn-I-sf¡p-dn-¨v Nn-´n-¡p¶-Xv Xs¶. ss^-hv-ÌmÀ, t^mÀ kv-ämÀ tlm-«-ep-Ifm-Wv _p-¡v sN-¿p-¶Xv. Sq-dn-\v tkm-a-³kn-t\m-sSm-¸w h-cp¶-hÀ¡v FbÀ-t]mÀ-«n-te-¡v {Sm-h _m-Kp-am-bn h-¶m am-{Xw a-Xn-. Sq-dn- ]-s¦-Sp-¡p¶ Htcm Ip-Spw-_-s¯bpw kz´w Ip-Spw-_-s¯ t]m-sebm-Wv Im-Wp-¶-sX¶v tkm-a³-kv enjÀ SqÀ-kv U-b-d-ÎÀ Po\ tkm-a³ ]-d-bp-¶p. Xn-cn-¨p h-cp-t¼mÄ A-hÀ 110 i-X-am-\ hpw k-t´m-j-t¯m-sS h-c-W-sa-¶ \nÀ-_Ôhpw X-§Ä-¡p≠v. Hmtcm Sq-dnepw tkm-a³-kn-sâ D-bÀ-¶ X-e-¯n-epÅ-hÀ bm-{X-¡m-cp-sS I-cp-X-en-\m-bn t]m-Imdp-s≠¶pw Po-\ ]-d-bp¶p.
53
t^m¡-kv tIcf
Sn-bp-hn sd-bv³-em³-Uv C´y-bn-se s{S-bv-\nwKv, I¬-kÄ-«nw-Kv _n-kn\-kv hn-]peo-I-cn-¡p-¶p sS -ÌnwKv, s{S-bv-\nwKv, C³-kv-s]£³, I¬kÄ-«nwKv, kÀ-«n-^n-t¡-j³ ta-J-e-I-fn-se {]-_-
sIm-¨n B-Øm-\-am-bn {]-hÀ-¯n¡p-¶ F³-sF-F-^v-C-bp-am-bn _n-kn\-kv ssI-am-ä I-cmÀ H-¸p-h-¨p
ecmb Sn-bp-hn sd-bv³-em³-Uv C-´y-bn-se s{S-bv\nwKv, I¬-kÄ-«nw-Kv Un-hnj-sâ hn-]p-eo-I-c-W]²-Xn {]-Jym-]n-¨p. C-Xn-sâ `m-K-am-bn sIm-¨n B-Øm-\-am-bn {]-hÀ-¯n-¡p-¶ {]apJ sXm-gn-e[n-jvTn-X ]-cn-io-e-\ Øm-]-\-w F³-sF-F-^v-C -(nife) bp-ambn I¼-\n _n-kn\-kv ssI-am-ä IcmÀ H-¸p-h¨p. Sn-bp-hn sd-bv³-em³-Uv C-´y-bp-sS A©v _n-kn\-kv Un-hnj\p-I-fn H-¶m-Wv s{Sbv-\nwKv, IÄ-kÄ-«nw-Kv hn-`mKw. C³-U-kv-{Sn-b kÀ-ho-kkv, s{]m-U-Iv-ävkv, sam-_n-en-än, kn-Ìw-kv F-¶n-h-bm-Wv a-äv Un-hn-j-\p-IÄ. hy-hkm-b ta-J-e-I-fn h³ -Un-am³-Up-Å sXm-gn-en-[n-jvTn-X ]-cn-io-e-\ tIm-gv-kp-I-fm-Wv Snbp-hn sd-bv³-em³-Uv F³-sF-F^v-C A-¡mUan F-¶ ]pXn-b I¼-\n B-cw-`n¡p-I. \q-X-\hpw B-IÀ--j-I-hpamb A-h-k-c-§Ä D-]-tbm-K-s¸-Sp¯p-¶-Xn-\v Sn-bp-hn sd-bv³-em³-Uv C-´y ]pXn-b I-¼-\n-¡v ]n´p-W \Â-Ipw. ^-bÀ B³-Uv tk-^v-än, en-^v-äv sSIv-t\m-fPn, ss^-_À H-]v-än-Iv-kv ta-J-e-I-fn Un-t¹m-am tIm-gv-kp-IÄ \Â-Inh-cp-¶ cm-Py-s¯ {]-ap-J hnZym-`ym-k Øm-]-\-§fn-sem-¶m-Wv 1992 Øm-]n¡-s¸« F³-sF-F-^v-C. Ggp kw-Øm-\-§-fn-se 65 \-K-c-§-fn-em-bn 450Hm-fw t]À tPm-en sN-¿p¶ 40 tI-{µ-§Ä, 28 {^m-ss©-kn tI-{µ-§Ä, 3 C³- Sn-bp-hn sd-bv³-em³-Uv F³-sF-F^v-C A-¡mU-an-bp-sS ^À-ta-j³ tI-{µ-§Ä F-¶n-h-bn-eq-sS cm-Py-s¯ {]-Jym-]-\ N-S-§n F³-sF-F-^vC am-t\-Pnw-Kv U-b-d-ÎÀ ap³\nc sXm-gn-e-[n-jvTn-X ]-cn-io-e-\ Øm-]-\-am- Fw hn tXm-a-kv Sn-bp-hn sd-bv³-em³-Uv C-´y-bp-sS am-t\-PnwKv U-b-d-ÎÀ F³dntIm dqÄ F-¶nhÀ bn F³-sF-F^v-C h-fÀ¶p. C-´y-bn-se-¼m-Sp-am-bn 350te-sd h-cp-¶ {] hÀ-¡v ]-cn-ioe-\w \Â-Ip-¶ Hu-]-Nmcn-I ]-cn-io-e-\ ap-J hn-Zym-`ym-k, hy-hkm-b Øm-]-\-§Ä-¡v sS-Iv]-cn-]m-Sn-IÄ C-´y-bn \n-e-hn-enÃ. 17 ap-X 24 h-sc \n¡Â, t\m¬þsS-Iv-\n¡Â, am-t\-Pv-saâ v tk-h-\-§{]m-b-ap-Å sN-dp-¸-¡m-sc-bmWv Sn-bp-hn sd-bv³-em³-Uv fpw I¬-kÄ-«³-kn tk-h-\-§fpw \Â-Ip-Ibpw tS¬-Io F³-sF-F^v-C A-¡mUan e-£y-an-Sp-¶-sX¶pw `m-kv]-²-Xn-I-Ä G-sä-Sp¯v \-S-¯p-Ibpw sN-¿p-¶Xn an-I-¨ IÀ ]-dªp. Zn-hk-§-tfm-fw \o-≠p-\nÂ-¡p-¶ sk-an-\map-t¶-ä-am-Wv Sn-bp-hn sd-bv³-em³-Uv \-S-¯n-bn-«p-Å-sX-¶v dp-IÄ ap-X bq-Wn-th-gv-kn-än _ncpZ tIm-gv-kp-IÄ h-sc Sn-bp-hn sd-bv³-em³-Uv C-´y-bp-sS am-t\-Pnw-Kv U-b-d-ÎÀ ]pXn-b I¼-\n \Â-Ipw. F³dntIm dqÄ ]-d-ªp. F³-sF-F-^v-C-bp-am-bn I-cmÀ ^-bÀ tk-^vän, en-^v-äv sSIv-t\m-fPn, H-]v-än-Iv sSIv-t\ H-¸n-«-Xn-eq-sS {]m-tZ-in-Iam-b km-¶n-[yw hym-]n-¸n-¡m-\ mf-Pn Xp-S§n-b Nn-e k-hntij sXm-gn-e-[n-jvTn-X ta-J-emIpw. X-§-fp-sS a-äv _n-kn\-kv ta-J-e-IÄ-¡v Iq-Sp-X I-fn C-´y-bn-se A-{K-Km-an-bpw {_m³-Uv t\-Xm-hp-am-Wv sa-¨-s¸-« {]-XnÑm-b \Â-Im\pw ]pXn-b hn-Ik-\w k-lm- F³-sF-F^v-C F-¶v F³-sF-F^v-C am-t\-Pnw-Kv U-bbn-¡p-sa¶v dqÄ Nq-≠n-¡m-Wn¨p. d-ÎÀ Fw. hn. tXma-kv ]-d-ªp. 13,621 tIm-Sn cq-]-tbm2022Hm-sS cm-Pys¯ 50 tIm-Sn B-fp-IÄ-¡v hn-ZKv-[ fw h-ep-¸-hpw 17000þte-sd-t¸À tPm-en sN-¿p-¶-Xpam-b ]-cn-ioe-\w \Â-Ip-I-sb-¶-Xm-Wv e-£y-sa-¶v Sn-bp-hn Sn-bp-hn sd-bv³-em³-Un-sâ `m-K-am-Ip-¶-Xn F³-sF-Fsd-bv³-em³-Uv C´ym U-b-d-ÎÀ Fw. `m-kv-IÀ ]-dªp. ^v-C¡pw F³-sF-F-^v-C-bn-se Po-h-\-¡mÀ¡pw hn-ZymÀ]-{´≠mw ]-©-hÂ-k-c ]²-Xn {]-Im-cw C-´y-bn 43 °n-IÄ¡pw A-`n-am-\-ap-≠v. Sn-bp-hn-bp-sS k-Po-ham-b e-£w t]À-¡v ]-cn-ioe-\w \Â-Ip-¶-Xn-\p-Å kw-hn-[m]-¦m-fn-¯-¯n-eq-sS km-[y-am-Ip-¶ D-¶-X \n-e-hm-c-ap-Å \§-tf \n-e-hn-epÅp. PÀ-a-\n-bn-ep-Å X-c-¯n- hym-] kÀ-«n-^n-t¡-j-\n-eq-sS hn-ZymÀ-°n-IÄ-¡v G-sd B-\p-Iqm-cnIÄ, sS-Iv-\n-jy-·mÀ, hn-ZKv[ ssI-th-e-¡mÀ F-¶ney-§Ä e-`y-am-Ip-sa¶pw A-t±lw.
tIcf tIm Hm-¸-td-än-hv _m¦v-kv No-^v F-Iv-kn-Iyq-«n-hv t^m-dw `m-c-hm-ln-IÄ tI-cf tIm Hm-¸-td-än-hv _m¦v-
kv No-^v F-Iv-kn-Iyq-«n-hv t^m-d¯n-sâ ]pXn-b `m-c-hm-lnI-sf F-d-Wm-Ipf-¯p tNÀ-¶ P-\-d t_m-Un tbm-Kw sX-c-sª-Sp¯p. {]-kn-Uâ vþ Sn sI Zn-eo-]v Ip-amÀ (P-\. am-t\PÀ, Ccn-§m-e¡p-S Su¬, tIm Hm-¸-td-än-hv _m-¦v), P\d sk-{I«-dn Sn in-h-Zmk³ (P-\. am-t\PÀ, Xn-cqÀ AÀ-_³ tIm Hm-¸-td-än-hv _m-¦v), tPm-bnâ v sk-{I-«dnþ km-_p Nmt¡m (P-\. am-t\-PÀ, sIm-«mc-¡-c AÀ-_³ tIm Hm-¸-td-än-hv _m-¦v), F-Iv-kn-Iyq-«n-hv Aw-K-§Äþ sI A-ÐpÄ \mkÀ (P-\. am-t\PÀ,
54
Sn sI Zn-eo-]v Ip-amÀ {]-kn-Uâ v
Sn in-h-Zmk³ P-\-d sk-{I«-dn
a-t©-cn tIm Hm-¸-td-än-hv _m¦v) F _m-_p cmPv (P-\. am-t\PÀ, tIc-fm saÀ-¡-sâ-bn tIm Hm-¸td-än-hv _m-¦v tIm-gn-t¡mSv), F-kv kp-[m-Ip-amcn (P-\. am-t\-PÀ s\-Sp-a§m-Sv tIm Hm-¸-td-än-hv AÀ-_³ _m¦v) F-¶n-hcm-Wv ]pXn-b `m-c-hm-lnIÄ. ap³ {]-knUâ v C ]n {io-Ip-am-dn-sâ A-[y£-X-bn tNÀ¶ tbmK-¯n F hn D-kv-am³ kzm-K-Xhpw km-_p Nmt¡m \-µn-bpw ]-dªp.
{Kmâ v tI-cf tjm-¸nw-Kv s^-Ìn-h-en-sâ k-am-]-\N-S-§n ap-Jy-a{´n D-½³-Nm-≠n N-e-¨n-{X-Xm-cw kp-cm-Pv sh-ªm-d-aq-Sn-\v ]p-c-kv-Im-cw \Â-Ip¶p. a-{´n-amcm-b kn- Fw _m-e-Ir-jvW³, F ]n A-\nÂ-Iq-amÀ, F-¶n-hÀ k-ao]w
\mKmÀPp\ BbpÀthZnIv {Kq¸v sNbÀam³ hn. Pn. tZhZmkv \¼qXncn¸mSn\v sIm¨nbn \S¶ c≠maXv t¥m_ BbpÀthZ s^Ìnhen h¨v apJya{´n D½³ Nm≠n BbpÀthZ cwKs¯ ka{K kw`mh\bv¡pÅ hninã ]pckvImcw k½m\n¡p¶p
Ubd-Î-tdäv Hm-^v C³-U-kv-{So-kv B³-Uv sImta-gv-kn-sâ FwF-kvFwC A-hm-À-Uv hy-h-kmb-a{´n ]n sI Ip-ªm-en-¡p-«n-bn \n-¶v AÀPp\ \m-Nz-d F-Iv-kv-{SmÎvkv en-anä-Uv am-t\-Pnw-Kv U-b-d-ÎÀ ]n sP Ip-ª¨-³ Gäp-hm§p¶p. sI ap-c-fo-[-c³ FwFÂ-F k-ao]w
tZiob AhmÀUv \mfn-tIc hnI-k\ t_mÀUv 2012---se tZiob
AhmÀUv tPXm-¡-sf {]-Jym-]n¨p. anI¨ \mfntIc IÀ-j-I-\mbn -IÀ-Wm-S-I kz-tZ-inbm-b _n F \mK-cm-Pn-s\ sX-c-sª-Sp¯p. -kn Fw apl-½-Zv, a-e-¸pdwþanI¨ \mfn-tIc IÀj-I³ (Z£nW ]Ýna taJ-e), tUm. F kn am-Xyp, ko\n-bÀ kbânÌv kn]n-kn-BÀsF ImkÀtKmUvþ anI¨ Kth-j-I³ (b{´ hnI-k-\w), F {]-Xm]v, Xncp-h-\-´-]pcwþ anI¨ Ic-Iu-i-e D¸¶ \nÀam-Xm-hv (sNdp-InS hn`m-Kw), C³tUm PÀa³ ImÀ_¬kv enan-äUvþ CS-bmÀ hyh-kmb taJ-e, Fd-Wm-Ip-fwþ anI¨ Ib-äp-aXn Øm-]\w (\mfn-tI-c D¸-¶w) tIm«bw tkmjy kÀhokv skmssk-än, sX-ÅIwþ anI¨ kl-IcW kw-Lw, t]mÄ hÀKokv ap«-¯m³, Fd-WmIpfwþ anI¨ sX§p-I-b-ä-¡m-c³ (]-c-¼-cm-K-Xw) ssP-t\-{µ³ hnBÀ, ImkÀtKmUvþ anI¨ sX§pI-b-ä-¡m-c³ (b{´hXvIrXw) -kp-[oÀIp-amÀ Sn, I®qÀ anI¨ sX§p-I-b-ä-¡m-c³ (N§m-Xn-¡q-«w), ImªncwIpfw ]©mb¯v kn]n-Fkv, Xncph-\-´-]pcwþ anI¨ \mfn-tI-c D¸m-ZI kw-Lw, Xncp-ta\n \mfn-tI-c D¸m-ZI kwLw, I-®qÀþ anI¨ \mfn-tI-c D¸m-ZI kw-Lw F-¶n-h-À-¡mWv tI-c-f-¯n \n-¶v A-hmÀ-Uv e-`n-¨-Xv. FaÀ-PnMv tIcf t amÀ¨v 2014
A`n-apJw
lcn-X-hy-h-km-bw tI-c-f-¯n-sâ `m-hn tI-c-f-¯n-sâ hy-hkm-b N-cn-{X-¯n H-cn-¡epw H-gnhm¡m-\m-Im-¯ hy-àn-Xz-amWv Acp-W kp-µ-ccm-P³ sF-FFkv. tI-cfs¯ sFSn i-àn-Ifn-sem-¶m-¡n amäp-¶-Xn A-hÀ h-ln-¨ ]-¦v hf-sc h-ep-Xm-Wv. A-£-b ]-²-Xn-bpÄ-¸-sS \n-ch-[n hn-I-k-\-¡p-Xn-¸p-IÄ-¡v Np-¡m³ ]n-Sn-¨ A-cpW-sb t^m_-vkv C-´y amkn-I hnti-jn-¸n¨Xv "_n-kn-\-kp-Im-cn-sb t]mse Nn-´n-¡p-¶ sF-FF-kv D-tZymKØ'sb¶mWv (IAS Officer who thinks like a business woman). A-Sp-¯nsS tI-c-f kv-tä-äv C³-U-kv-{Sn-b sU-h-e-]v-sa-â v tImÀ-¸-td-j³ (KSIDC) amt\-PnwKv Ub-d-IvS-dmbn Np-a-X-e-tb-ä Acp-W, F-aÀ-Pn-Mv tIc-f-tbm-Sv kw-km-cn-¡p-¶p ¯n A-¶v {]-N-cn-¡m³ Xp-S-§p-¶tX-bpÅp, I-sb-¶-XmWv KSIDCbp-sS {]m-Yan-I I-S-a-. F-¶meXv A-s¶m-s¡ KÄ-^v ]m-t¡-Pn-sâ `m-K-am-bn H-äcm-{Xn-sIm-≠v D-≠m-¡n-sb-Sp-¡m³ I-gn-bnÃ. Nn-e 5000 cq]bv-¡v I-w]yq-«À ]cn-ioe\ tIm-gv-kv ta-J-e-IÄ h-f-cm³ Ipd-¨v k-a-b-sa-Sp-t¯-¡mw. D-Zm-lD-≠m-bn-cp¶p. Ip-d-ª sN-e-hn 1000 t]À-¡v c-W-¯n-\v sFSn cwKw. A-Xv C¶p ImWpwt]m-se tI]-cn-io-e-\-w \Â-Ip-I-sb-¶Xmbn-cp-¶p PnÃm c-f-¯n-sâ I-cp-¯m-bn am-dm³ 15 hÀ-j-t¯m-f-sa-Sp¯p. ]-©m-b-¯n-sâ B-h-iyw. F-¶m C-¶v B A-{Xbpw £-a \mw Im-Wn-t¨ a-Xn-bmIq. KSIDC X-§]-²-Xn-bn-eqsS 3.5 an-ey¬ B-fp-IÄ-¡v ]-cnfp-sS I-S-a hf-sc Im-cy-£-a-am-bn _-l-f-ta-Xp-anÃm-sX ioe-\w \Â-In¡-gnªp. CþK-thW³-kv X-e- sN-¿p-¶p≠v. R-§Ä-¡v ap-¶n-ep-Å shÃp-hn-fn- A\p¯nepw B ]²-Xn hen-b Ip-Xn-¸m-bn amdn. tbm-Pyam-b H-cp km-l-Ncyw D-≠m-¡n-sb-Sp-¡p-I-sb¶-XmWv. A-Xn-\v H-cp-]m-Sv L-S-I-§Ä H-¯ph-cWw. A-£-b X-¶ ]mT-§Ä? Im-ew B-h-iy-s¸-Sp-¶ am-ä-§Ä DÄs¡m≠psIm≠v A-£-b ]²-Xn F-s¶ ]Tn-¸n-¨ H-¶ma-s¯ ]mTw, Xmtg-¯-«n hn-P-bn-¨m G-Xp ]-²-Xn- KSIDC ap-t¶dp-I X-s¶ sN-¿pw. XpS-¡w ap-X A-XpX-s¶-bm-Wv kw-`-hn-¨n-«p-Å-Xpw. bpw G-Xv km-l-N-cy-¯nepw hn-P-bn-¡p-sa-¶_-tbm-sSIv-t\m-f-Pn, sse-^v k-b³kv cw-K-§-fnse XmWv. a-e-¸p-dw PnÃ-bn \n-¶v A-£b tI-c-f-¯n-sâ hfÀ¨? t]m-sem-cp ]²-Xn ]-SÀ-¶p ]-´-en-¨Xv A-Xn\p e-`n¨ kzo-Imcy-X sIm-≠mWv. c-≠m-a-XmsFSn, Sq-dn-kw t]m-ep-Å ta-J-e-I-fn tIc-fw F-t¯bn Rm³ a-\-kn-em-¡nb-Xv P-\-§Ä-¡v th-≠n ≠nS-¯v F-¯n-¡-gnªp. C-\nbpw Cu cw-K§-sf B-ßmÀ-°-am-bn X-¿m-dm¡p¶ H-cp ]²-Xn am{Xw t^m¡-kv sN-bvXp-sIm-≠v {]-hÀ-¯-\-§Ä hn-P-bn-¡m-Xn-cn-¡nÃm-sb-¶mWv. C-¶v ]-e am{Xw t]m-cm \-ap¡v. ]p-Xp-ta-J-e-IÄ h-fÀ-¯n-s¡m]-²-Xn-Ifpw ]-cm-P-b-am-Ip¶-Xv A-h ]-²-Xn≠v h-cn-I-bm-Wv sN-t¿-≠Xv. _-tbm-sSIv-t\m-fPn, sseI-fm-bn am{Xw \-S-¸n-em-¡-s¸-Sp-t¼m-gmWv, ^v k-b³-kv Xp-S-§n-bh-sb \mw t{]mÕm-ln-¸n-¡Ww. P-\§-sf ap-¼n¡-≠v {]-hÀA-Xm-Wv `m-hn-bp-sS hy-h-km-b-ta-J-eIÄ. Imc-Ww ¯n-¡m-Xn-cn-¡p-t¼m-gmWv. \-½p-sS `-£y-kpc-£, B-tcm-Ky {]-iv-\-§Ä F-¶n-ha-sämcp a-säm-cp Imcyw, \-½p-sSs¡Ãm-ap-Å ]-cn-lm-c-§Ä C-h-bn-ep-≠v. _-tbmþ^mÀ-a kwØ m\ ¯ nepw bmf pI f n h-f-À¶ph-cp-¶ H-cp im-J-bmWv. B-bqÀ-thZw, kn-² Acp-W kp-µ-ccm-P³ cay \mbÀ H-cp-]m-Sv B-i-bIpSpw-_-{io- t]mse Xp-S-§n-b-h-bn i-àam-b ]m-c-¼-cy-ap-Å \-ap¡v §fpw BÀ-P-h-hp-ap-≠v F-¶Cu cwK-¯v G-sd km-[y-X-bp≠v. A-Xv a-\-kn-emhn-]p-ehpw XmWv. A-£-b hn-P-b-am-bXv, ¡n Xn-cp-h-\-´-]pc-¯v H-cp sse-^v k-b³-kv]mÀ-¡v Im-cy-£-a-hpam-b ØmHmtcm A-£-btI-{µ-ap-S-abpw ]n-¡p-hm³ KSIDC¡v ]-²-Xn-bp≠v. A-Xn-\m-bn kw-cw-`-I cwK¯v tI-c-f-¯nse am-dp-¶ Im-gv-N-¸m-SpH-cp h\nXm{]m-tZin-I X-e-¯n \-S¯n-b I-g-¡q«-¯v Ø-ew G-sä-Sp-¡m-\p-Å \-S-]-Sn-bm-cw-`nIÄ? Iq-«m-bv-a-bnÃ. ¨p I-gn-ªp. tk-h-\-§Ä sIm-≠mWv. kÀ1994 ap-X kwØm-\ hy-hkm-b h-Ip-¸p-am-bn tNÀ¶p lcn-X hy-h-km-bw {]-hÀ-¯n-¨p h-cp-¶ Rm³ Cu ta-J-e-bn-se sN-dp N-e- ¡mÀ A-hÀ-¡v th-≠ amÀ-K\nÀ\-§Ä t]mepw {i-²n-¡m-dp≠v. \-½p-sS hy-mh-km-bn-Im tZiw \Â-In-b-tX-bpÅp. A-sXÃmw tIc-fw H-cp A-dn-b-s¸-Sp-¶ lcn-X hy-hkm-b tI-{µ-amX-§-fp-sS a-t\m-[À-aa-\p-k-cn-¨v A-hÀ -´-co-£w H-cp-]m-Sv hn-¹-hm-ß-I am-ä-§Ä-¡v hn-t[-b-amI-W-sa-¶m-Wv F-sâ-bm-{Klw. \-ap-¡v hen-b sI-an\-S-¸n-em-¡p-I-bm-bn-cp¶p. b-YmÀ-°-¯n K-h¬-saânbn¡-gnªp. A-t\-Iw ]p-Xp-X-eap-d kw-cw-`-IÀ C¶v ¡Â ^m-Îdn-tbm, sS-Iv-kv-ssä ^m-Îdntbm CÃm-bn-cn\v Hc p amÀK Z Ài nb psS tdmÄ am{ Xt ab pÅp. CX v I-S-¶ph-cp-¶p≠v. \n-ch[n {]-hÀ-¯-\-§Ä {Zp-X-K-Xn¡mw. F-¶m A-Xv H-c-\p-{K-l-am-Wv F-¶m-Wv F-sâ bn \-S-¡p-¶p-. \-½p-sS kw-cw-`-Iþhym-h-kmbn-I ta-J- FÃm ]-²-Xn-IÄ-¡pw _m-[-I-amWv. H-cp hy-h-km-bw ]£w. \-½p-sS ]-cn-Øn-Xn H-cp ]-cn-[n h-sc am-en-\y-ap\S ¯ ns ¡m≠pt ]mt I≠X v hyh k mb nb mWv . \nÀt Ze tim-`-\am-b Im-e-L-«-¯n-em-Wv F-¶v ]-d-bp-¶-Xn à-amWv. A-Xv l-cn-X-hy-h-km-b-¯n-\v Kp-Ww sN-¿pw. iw sIm-Sp-¡p-I, km-l-Ncy-sam-cp-¡p-I- F¶o tdm-fpA-Xn-i-tbmàn-sbm-¶p-anÃ. HmÀ-Km-\n-Iv ss^_À, HmÀ-Km-\n-Iv sS-Iv-kv-ssäÂkv, IÄ am-{X-ta k-À-¡m-cn\v h-ln-¡m-\pÅq. A-Xv A§\m-Nz-d sa-Un-kn³-kv F-¶n-§-s\-bp-Å \m-sf-bp-sS sFSn cwK-¯v tI-c-f-¯n-sâ ap-t¶äw? s\ h-¶m-se ^-e-{]-Z-amIq. hy-h-km-b§-sf t{]mÕm-ln-¸n-¡p-Ibm-Wv \mw sN-t¿sFSn Un-¸mÀ-«v-saâ v sk-{I-«-dn-bm-bn Rm³ {]-hÀ¯Ip-Spw-_{io ≠-Xv. \w B-cw-`n-¡p-t¼mÄ B ta-J-e A-Xn-sâ ssiih-ZtI-c-f-¯n-\p kz-´amb A-`n-am-\-]²Xnbm-Wv Ip-Spw-_- ]p-Xp-X-eap-d kw-cw-`-IÀ i-bn-em-bn-cp¶p. tI-c-f-¯n sFSn hy-h-km-b-¯n-\v {io. a-sämcp kw-Øm-\-¯nepw C-{X hn-]p-ehpw Im-cyC-{X i-àam-b th-tcm-«-ap-≠m-Ip-sa-s¶m¶pw BcpaA-t\-Iw ]p-Xp-X-eap-d kw-cw-`-IÀ C-¶v cw-K-{]-th-iw £-a-hpam-b H-cp h\nXm Iq-«m-bv-a-bnÃ. kv-{Xo-IÄ¡pw ¶v I-cp-Xn-bn-cp-¶nÃ. hen-b I-¼-\n-I-sfm¶pw kwsN-¿p-¶p-s≠-¦nepw A-hÀ-¡v s]m-Xpk-aq-lw \Â-Ip-¶ Øm\¯vv h-¶n-«nÃm-bn-cp¶p. B-cw-`L-«-¯n G-sXm- k-aq-l-¯n-\m-bn H-cp-]m-Sv {]-hÀ-¯n-¡m³ I-gn-bp-sa-¶v ]n´p-W hf-sc sN-dp-XmWv. H-cp sN-dp-¸-¡m-c³ X-\nIpS pw_ {io ]Tn¸ n¨ pX¶p. Hc p] mS v ho« ½ a mÀ IpS pwcp hy-h-km-b-cw-Khpw t\-cn-Sp-¶ A-cn-ã-X-IÄ A-¶v ¡v kz-´-am-bn F-s´-¦nepw sN-¿-W-sa-¶v ]-d-ªm _{io h-gn sN-dp-kw-cw-`-§Ä XpS-§n k-k-t´m-jw R-§fpw t\-cn«p. F-¶m A-Xn-i-bn-¸n¨p-sIm-≠v hnA-h-t\m-Sv k-aq-lw ]-d-bp¶Xv "t]m-bn hà tPm-enbpw Ig nª ph c p¶p. Cu {]h À¯ \ § f ps S `mK a mI m³ s{]m, Sn-knFkv, C³-t^m-knkv t]m-ep-Å I-¼-\n-IÄ t\m¡v" F-¶m-Ipw. Cu a-\-Øn-Xn am-dWw. Cu cw-KI-gn-ª-Xn F-\n-¡v G-sd-b-`n-am-\-ap≠v. tI-c-f-¯n-te-¡v I-S-¶ph¶-Xv H-cp t{_-¡v-{Xq-hmbn. t¯-¡v kv-{Xo-IÄ I-S-¶p-h-cp-t¶-bnà F-¶v th-W-saam-dnh-cp-¶ hy-mh-km-bn-Im-´-co-£-¯n KSIDCbpAXp-t]m-se X-s¶-bm-Wv A-£-b anj-sâ h-fÀ-¨-bpw. ¦n \-ap-¡v ]-d-bmw. h³In-S _n-kn\-kv Ip-Spw-_-§ÄsS {]m-[m\yw? Ipd-¨v bp-hm-¡Ä-¡v hntZi tPm-en-¡v D-]-I-cn-¡p-¶ ¡p ]p-d-¯p-\n-¶v kw-cw-`w B-cw-`n-¡p¶ h-\n-XIÄ co-Xn-bn Iw]yq-«À ]-cn-io-en-¸n¡m-tam-sb-¶ a-e-¸pam-dn-h-cp-¶ hy-mh-km-bn-Im-´-co-£-¯n KSIDC¡v hf-sc Ip-d-hp-am-{X-am-Wv. kv-{Xo-Ifpw ]p-cp-j-·msc-t¸mdw PnÃm ]-©m-b-¯n-sâ tNm-Zy-¯n \n-¶m-Wv B sN-¿m-\m-bn H-cp-]m-Sp≠v. tI-c-f-¯n hy-h-km-b-§Äse X-s¶ _n-kn\-kv cw-K-¯v tim-`n-¡p-sa-¶-Xm-Wv ap-gp-h³ t{]m-PÎpw D-Û-hn-¡p-¶Xv. CâÀ-s\-äv tI-c-f¡v h-f-cm³ I-gn-bp-¶ H-cp A-\p-Iq-em-h-Ø kr-ãn-¡pF-sâ A-\p-`hw. FaÀ-Pn-Mv tIcf t amÀ¨v 2014
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kmaqly tkh-\w {]-h-À-¯-\-e-£y-am¡n
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Hm tcm C-´y-¡m-csâbpw _m-¦v F-¶v hn-ti-
Xepw {]-hÀ-¯n-¡p-¶Xv. Hmtcm F-kv_nsF imJbpw AXXp {]-tZi-s¯ AÀ-lcm-b kÀ-¡mÀ kv-Iqfp-IÄ-¡v 10 ko-enw-Kv ^m³ A-sÃ-¦n ip²-P-e e`y-X Dd-¸v h-cp-¯m³ hm-«À ]yq-cn^-bÀ F¶n-h \Â-Ip¶p≠v. _m-¦n-sâ 16000Hmfw im-J-I-fn-eq-sS \-S-¸m-¡p-¶ Cu ]²-Xn- cm-Py-s¯ 11% hn-ZymÀ-°n-IÄ-¡v ^-ew \ ÂIp-sa-¶m-Wv I-W-¡m-¡s¸-Sp-¶Xv. Xn-I¨pw AÀ-lcm-b, km-¼-¯n-I-am-bn ]n-¶n \nÂ-¡p-¶ Ip-«nIÄ ]Tn-¡p-¶ hn-Zym-eb-§Ä-¡mWv _m-¦v Cu tk-h-\w e-`y-am-¡pI. A-[ym-]-I Zn\w, in-ip-Zn-\w, tÌ-äv _m-¦v Øm-]n-Xam-b Pq-sse 1 F-¶o Zn-h-k-§Ä tI-{µo-I-cn-¨mWv Cu {]-hÀ-¯-\-§Ä \-S-¸n-em-¡p¶-Xv. 400Hm-fw im-J-I-fpÅ F-kv_nsF tI-c-f kÀ-¡nÄ 1.25 tImSn-tbm-fw cq-] Cu km-¼¯n-I hÀ-jw CXn-t\m-S-Iw ]-²-Xn¡m-bn sN-e-h-gn-¨p. C-XpIq-Sm-sX B-tcm-KycwK-¯v am-Xr-Im-]-camb {]-hÀ¯\w Im-gv-N-hbv-¡p-¶ Øm-]-\-§Ä¡v Bw-_p-e³kv, a-äp sa-Un-¡Â D-]-I-c-W-§Ä F-¶n-hbpw _m-¦v \Â-In-h-cp¶p. tI-c-f-¯n-se 12 do-Pyb-Wp-IÄ h-gn FÃm PnÃ-I-fn-sebpw h-cp-am\-¯n-sâ H-cp ]-¦v \nÀ-[\ tcm-Kn-IÄ-¡v ku-P\y Nn-In-Õbv-¡m-bn sN-e-h-gn-¡p¶p. ]m-en-bw C´y, BÀknkn, {io Nn{Xm C³-Ìn-äyq«v Hm-^v sa-Un-¡Â k-b³-kv Xp-S§n-b {]-ap-J Øm-]-\§Ä-¡mWv Cu k-lm-b-§Ä C-Xph-sc e-`y-am-bn«p-ÅXv.
C-´y-bn kn-F-kvBÀ B-i-b§Ä¡v {]-Nm-cw kn-²n-¡p-¶-Xv jn-¸n-¡mhp-¶ tÌ-äv _m¦v 90I-fn-emWv. F-¶m C-Xn\pw hfHm-^v C-´y-bp-sS ZÀ-i-\sc ap-¼pX-s¶ km-aq-ly-{]-Xn-_²§-fn H-¶pX-s¶ X-§Ä tkh-\w sN-¿p-¶ k-aq-lX-tbm-sS {]-hÀ-¯n-¨ph-cp-¶ Øm¯n-\p th-≠n A-I-a-gn-ªp ]-\-am-Wv tÌ-äv _m¦v Hm-^v C-´y. {]-hÀ-¯n-¡p-Isb-¶-XmWv. Cu hÀjw 3.25 tIm-Sn cq-]-tbm-fw B-cw-`L-«w ap-X kmtIc-f-¯n knFkvBÀ {]hÀ¯aq-ly{]-hÀ-¯-\-§-fn _m-¦v ]-¦ph-ln-¡p-¶p\-§Ä¡v sN-e-h-gn-¨pI-gn-ª s≠¦n-epw 90-I-tfm-sS-bm-Wv _m¦v 4.5 tIm-Sn cq-]-bm-Wv SmÀK-äv C-¡m-cy-¯n F-kv-_nsN-¿p-¶Xv. kwØm-\-s¯ 400Hmfw sF Ir-Xyam-b ]-²-XnIÄ B-hn-jv-I-cn-¡p-¶Xv. imJ-IÄ hgn Btcm-Ky-cw-K¯pw kv-Iq-fp-IÄ, B-Xp-c-em-bhnZym-`ymk cwK¯pw \nc-h[n §Ä F¶n-h tI-{µo-I-cn-¨v klmb ]²-Xn-I-fmWv Fkv_nsF \-S-¯p-¶ {]-hÀ-¯-\-§Ä¡m-bn tIm-Sn-I-fm-Wv _m-¦v \S-¸m-¡p-¶-Xv. sN-e-h-gn-¡p-¶-Xv. 1973 B-cw-`n-¨ "C-t¶m-th-äo-hv _m-¦nwKv" km-aq-ly tk-h-\ cwK-t¯-¡p-Å F-kv-_n-sFbp-sS B-Zy-s¯ ImÂh-bv-¸m-bn-cp¶p. hn-Zym-`ym-k-¯n\pw B-tcm-Ky-cwK-¯n\pw Du-¶Â \Â-In-s¡m-≠p-Å \-b-am-Wv A-hÀ XpS-¡wap-X kzo-I-cn-¡p-¶Xv. hn-Zym-`ym-k Øm-]-\-§-fpsS {]-hÀ-¯-\-§Ä-¡v B-h-iyam-b k-lm-b-§Ä sN-bvXp-sIm-Sp-¡p-I-bm-bn-cp-¶p B-Zy {]-hÀ-¯-\w. 1983 Øm-]n-¨ "ssNÂ-Uv shÂ-s^-bÀ ^-≠v' a-säm-cp Xp-S-¡-am-bn-cp¶p. Ìm-^v Aw-K§fpw _m¦pw tNÀ-¶v k-am-l-cn-¡p-¶ Cu ^-≠v h-gn \n-ch-[n hn-ZymÀ-°n-IÄ-¡v _m-¦v ]T-\-kuIcy-sam-cp-¡n. ]phÀ-tlmw, A-\m-Ym-e-b§Ä, kÀ-¡mÀ kv-Iq-fp-IÄ F-¶n-hn-S-§-fn \n-¶v ] T-\-anI-hv ]p-eÀ-¯p-¶ Ip-«n-I-fp-sS hn-Zym-`ym-k sNe-hv F-kv-_nsF Cu ^-≠v h-gn G-sä-Sp-¡p-¶p. 2005Hm-sS s]-¬-Ip-«n-IÄ¡v Cu co-Xn-bn {]-tXy-I-am-bn kv-t]m¬-jÀ-jn¸v \Â-Im\pw _m-¦v B-cw-`n¨p. ]-Xn-\m-bn-c-¯n-e-[n-Iw hn-ZymÀ°n-\nI-sf C-{]-Im-cw hnhn-[ im-J-IÄ h-gn _m¦v Z-s¯-Sp-¯n«p≠v. 1990emWv "I-½yq-Wn-än & kÀho-kv _m-¦nwKv' F-¶ ]²Xn F-kv_nsF Øm-]n-¡p-¶Xv. _m-¦n-sâ tkh-\ {]-hÀ-¯-\-§Ä-¡v hy-àam-b Znim-t_m-[w ]-I-cp-¶-Xm-bn-cp¶p Cu \-S-]Sn. C-¶v Im-Wp-¶ kn-F-kvBÀ cq-]-tc-J-bn-te-¡v _m-¦v F-¯p-¶Xpw I-½yq-Wn-än kÀ-ho-kv _m-¦nw-Kn-eq-sS-bmWv. hf-sc ]n-t¶m-¡m-h-Ø-bn-ep-Å {Kmao-W ta-J-e-I-fn hn-I-k-\- k-lm-b-sa-¶ \n-e-bn sI-«n-Sw \nÀ-an¨p \Â-Ip-I, kv-Iq-fp-IÄ-¡v ]T-t\m-]-I-c-W-§Ä hn-Xc-Ww sN¿p-I Xp-S§n-b {]-hÀ-¯-\-§-fm-bncp¶p Cu ]-²-Xn-bn-eq-sS \-S-¸m-¡n-bn-cp¶-Xv. 2011Hm-sS kn-F-kvBÀ {]-hÀ-¯-\-§Ä-¡v hyàam-b N-«-¡q-Sv D-≠m¡n-b _m-¦v kv-Iq-fpIÄ, B-X-p-cm-e-b-§Ä F¶n-h tI-{µo-I-cn-¨m-Wv Iq-Sp-
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km-aq-ly-{]-Xn-_-²-X-bn-eq¶n-b {]-hÀ-¯-\§Ä¡v 2007  Readers Digest Pegasus Corporate Responsibility Award _m-¦v I-c-Ø-am-¡n-bn-«p≠v. I-gn-ª km-¼¯n-I hÀ-j-¯n 3.5 tIm-Sn cq-] tI-c-f kÀ-¡nÄ kn-F-kvBÀ {]-hÀ-¯-\-§Ä-¡v sNe-h-gn-¨p. Cu hÀjw 3.25 tIm-Sn cq-]-tbm-fw sNe-h-gn-¨pI-gn-ª Fkv-_nsF 4.5 tIm-Sn cq-]-bm-Wv SmÀK-äv sN-¿p-¶Xv. cm-Py-hym-]-I-am-bn 150 tIm-Snbp-sS kn-F-kvBÀ {]-hÀ-¯-\-§Ä \-S-¯m\pw e-£y-an-Sp-¶p. C-Xp Iq-Sm-sX {]-Ir-Xn Zp-c´w, bp²w XpS-§n cmPyw {]-Xnk-Ôn t\-cn-Sp-¶ G-sXm-cp L-«-¯nepw "km-[m-c-W-¡mc-sâ _m-¦v" k-lm-b-hpam-bn F-¯p¶p.
Aknw t{]w-Pn
C-´y-bpsS CSR amXrI C-´y-bn-se tImÀ-¸-td-äv km-aq-ly{]-Xn-_-²-X-bv-¡v ]p Xn-b am-\-§Ä \ÂIn-b hy-àn-bm-Wv Aknw t{]wPn. "hn-t{]m' F-¶ Øm-]\-s¯ B-tKm-f-X-e-¯n-te-¡pbÀ¯n-b A-t±-lw km-aq-lytk-h-\¯n\pw Xp-ey {]m-[m\y-am-Wv \Â-Ip-¶Xv. hm-d¬ _-^äv, _nÂtK-ä-vkv F-¶nhÀ t\-XrXzw \ÂIn-b "Kn-hnw-Kv s¹UvPv' Im-w-s]bv\n-sâ `m-K-am-bn X-sâ k-¼m-Zy-¯n-te-sdbpw B-Xp-c-tk-h-\-¯n\v A-t±-lw F-gpXnh-¨p. Cu Iq-«m-bv-a-bn Aw-K-Xz-sa-Sp¡p-¶ B-Zy C-´y-¡m-c\pw aq-¶ma-s¯ A-ta-cn-¡³ C-Xc tIm-So-iz-c-\p-am-b Aknw t{]w-Pn C-Xphsc X-sâ kz-Im-cy k-¼m-Zy-¯n-sâ 25% tk-h-\-{]-hÀ-¯-\-§Ä-¡m-bn sN-e-hgn-¨n-«p≠v. km-aq-ly hn-I-k\w, B-tcm-Ky-cwKw, ]-cn-Øn-Xn {]-hÀ¯-\§Ä, hn-Zym-`ym-kw Xp-S§n-b ta-J-e-I-fn kv-XpXyÀ-lam-b tk-h-\-am-Wv A-t±-lw \-S-¯nhcp-¶-Xv. 2001 Øm-]n-Xam-b Aknw t{]w-Pn ^u-t≠-j³ F-¶ km-aq-ly kwL-S-\ (Non-profitable Organisation) C-Xn\p km-£yta-Ip¶p. \n-e-\nÂ-¡p-¶ km-aqln-I A-k-a-Xz-§Ä-¡-XoX-am-bn aq-eym-[n-jvTn-X hn-Zym-`ym-kw FÃm-h-cn-te-¡p-sa¯n¡p-I F-¶ e£y-t¯m-sS {]-hÀ-¯n-¡p-¶ kwL-S-\ Ip-«n-I-fp-sS B-tcm-Kyw, t]m-j-Im-lm-c {]-iv-\§Ä F-¶nhsbbpw kw-t_m-[-\ sN-¿p-¶p. hnhn[ kw-Øm-\-§-fn-se kÀ-¡mÀ kv-Iq-fp-I-fp-am-bn tNÀ-¶p{]-hÀ-¯n-¡p-¶ kw-L-S-\; A[ym-]-IÀ¡pw {]n³kn-¸Â-amÀ-¡pw {]-tXy-I ]-cn-io-e-\-§Ä, ]-co£m k-{¼Zm-b-§-fn-se ]-cn-jv-Im-cw F-¶n-h-bv-¡mbpw {]-hÀ-¯n-¡p¶p≠v. IÀ-WmS-I, D-¯-cm-JÞv, cm-P-Øm³, ]p-Xp-t¨-cn Xp-S§n-b kw-Øm-\-§-fn kw-L-S-\-bp-sS {]-hÀ¯-\w k-Po-h-amWv. C-Xp-Iq-Sm-sX hn-Zym-`ym-k Øm-]-\§-sf A-{I-Un-äv sN-¿p¶ Institute for Assesment and Accreditation (IAA), Aknw t{]w-Pn bq-Wn-th-gv-kn-än F-¶n-h Aknw t{]w-Pn ^u-t≠-j\p Io-gn {]-hÀ-¯n-¡p-¶p. ]pXn-b km-t¦-XnIhn-Zysb k-a-\z-bn-¸n¨p-sIm-≠p-Å k-a-{Kam-b hn-Zym-`ymk-¯n-eq-sS kwL-S-\ e-£y-an-Sp¶-Xv km-aq-ly{]-Xn-_-²X-bp-Å H-cp `m-hn k-aq-l-s¯-bmWv. Aknw t{]w-Pn H-cp \à ]-cn-Øn-Xn-hm-Zn- Iq-Sn-bmWv. kz-´w kw-cw-`-§-fn ]m-cn-ØnXn-I \n-b-a-§Ä IÀ-i-\am-bn ]m-en-¡p-¶-Xn-s\m-¸w h-\-h-XvI-c-W {]-hÀ-¯-\-§-fnepw A-t±lw k-Po-h-am-bn CSs]-Sp¶p. FaÀ-PnMv tIcf t amÀ¨v 2014
Rishiraj ‘Singam’
out of the box
g
Speakin
km-£m c-P-\o-Im-´v ssÌ-enÂ, "C-Xp Xm³-Sm s]m-eokv' F-¶v a-e-bmfn-IÄ H-¶S¦w Du-äw-sIm-Åp-¶ sF-]n FkpImc³, E-jn-cm-Pv knwKv. G-Xm\pw am-kw ap-¼v {Sm³kv-t]mÀ-«v I-½o-j-W-dm-bn Np-a-X-e-tb-ä Cu B-dSn-s]m-¡-¡mc-sâ NSp-e X-{´-§Ä-¡p ap-¶n kw-Øm\-s¯ K-Xm-K-X¡p-cp-¡v sa-sà A-gn-ªpho-gp¶p. slÂ-sa-äv th-«-bpw kv-]o-Uv {Sm-¡nwKpw Hs¡-bmbn Cu sIm-¼³ ao-i-¡mc³ \n-c¯n \n-d-ªm-Sn-b-t¸mÄ K-Xm-K-X-h-Ip-¸n-\v ]n-g-bn-\-¯n In-«n-b-tXm, ImÂ-t¡m-Sncq]bp-sS h-cp-am-\w. e£v-an \m-cm-bW³
{Sm
Xn-cnªp. Un-ssh-F-kv]n ta-[m-hnbm-b H-cp hn-`mKw Hm-tcmX-hW tImÄ h-cp-t¼mgpw sS-e-t^m¬ Un-¸mÀ«v-saâp-am-bn _-Ô-s¸«v, Ø-ew I-s≠-¯n k-©-cn-¨v sIm-≠n-cp-¶ R§-sf A-dn-bn¨p. A§-s\ sXm-«-Sp-¯ Znh-kw s]-cp-¼m-hq-cn \n-¶v s]¬-Ip-«n-sb I-s≠¯p-I-bpw 20 a-Wn-¡qÀ sIm-≠v tI-kv Ub-dn A-S-bv¡pIbpw sN-bvXp. Hu-tZymKn-I Po-hn-X-¯n cm-{ão-b-¡m-cn \nt¶m ]pd-¯p\nt¶m G-sX-¦nepw co-Xn-bn-ep-Å `o-j-WnIÄ t\-cn-«n-«p-t≠m? H-cn-¡-ep-anÃ. F-sâ {]-hr-¯n-I-fn cm-{ão-b-¡mÀ C-S-s]-Sm-dnÃ. am-{X-aà \à Im-cy-§Ä sN-¿p-t¼mÄ ]n´p-W A-dn-bn-¡p-Ibpw sN-¿m-dp≠v. H-cp Ip-äm-t\z-j-W D-tZym-K-Ø-\n \n¶pw {Sm-^nIv I-½o-j-W-dn-te-¡p-Å ]-cn-Wm-aw F-§-s\- DÄs¡m≠p? B amä-s¯ Rm³ ]pXn-sbm-cp A-h-k-c-am-bm-Wv I-≠Xv. h-Ip-¸v G-Xm-bmepw \n-b-a-§Ä A-\p-k-cn¡pI F-¶-Xm-Wv {]-[m\w. Rm³ {i-²n-¨Xpw A-Xnem-Wv. 2012 3,500 B-bn-cp-¶ hm-l-\m-]-I-S§-fp-sS F®w Cu hÀ-jw Ip-dbv-¡m³ I-gn-ªXpw A-XpsIm-≠m-Wv. I-gn-ª hÀj-s¯ A-t]-£n¨v \n-b-a-§Ä IÀi-\-am-¡n-b-Xn-sâ `m-K-am-bn 150Hm-fw a-c-W-§Ä Cu hÀjw Ip-d-ªp. {]-XnhÀ-jw 4000 tdm-U-]-I-S -a-c-W-§Ä tI-c-f-¯n \-S-¡p-¶p-s≠-¦n AXn 1000 slÂa-äv h-bv¡m-¯Xp-sIm≠pw, 1000 ko-äv s_Â-äv CÃm¯-Xp sIm≠pw am{Xw kw-`-hn-¡p-¶-XmWv. A-Xn-\m \n-b-a-§Ä IÀ-i-\-am-¡nbm Cu \n c-¡v XoÀ-¨-bmbpw Ip-dbpw. a{´n hm-l-\-§-fp-sS th-K-X Ip-dbv¡p-¶-Xn-\p-Å \-S-]-Sn-IÄ kzo-I-cn¡p-sa-¶v ]-d-sª-¦n-epw, C-Xph-sc Xo-cp-am-\-sam¶pw B-bnÃ-tÃm? C-Xp kw-_-Ôn-¨v B-h-iyam-b Xo-cpam-\-§Ä F-Sp-¡p-¶-Xn-\m-bn Rm³ No-^v
³kv-t]mÀ-«v I-½o-j-WÀ ao-i-]n-cn-¨-t¸mÄ A-]-I-S-§-fp-sS \n-c¡pw Ip-dªp. \Ã-Xn-s\ F¶pw s\-©nte-äp-¶ a-e-bm-fnIÄ, E-jn-cm-Pv knw-Kv sF-]n Fkns\ super cop F-¶ _-lp-aXn-tbm-sS lr-Z-b-¯nte-äp-Ibpw sN-bvXp. Im-¡n-¡-I-s¯bpw ]p-d-s¯bpw E-jn-cm-Pv F-s´-¶-dn-bm³ a-e-bm-fn-IÄ-¡p-Å IuXpI-s¯ ap³-\nÀ¯n, F-aÀ-Pn-Mv tI-c-f A-t±l-s¯ k-ao-]n-¨-t¸mÄ e-`n-¨-Xm-Is«, Øn-cw t]m-kn-äo-hv kao-]-\-hpw. a-e-bm-fn-IÄ kv-t\-ln-¡p-¶, ae-bm-fn-Isf kvt\ln-¡p¶ E-jn-cm-Pv knwKv F-aÀ-Pn-Mv tI-cf-tbmSv a\-kv Xp-d-¡p¶p. E-jn-cm-Pv knwKv, E-jn-cm-Pv knw-Kv sF-]nFkv B-b-Xn\p ]n-¶n-se I-Y-sb-´mWv? kn-hn kÀ-ho-kv F-gp-X-Ww, sF-]nFkv F-Sp¡Ww Xp-S§n-b B-{K-l-§sfm¶pw X-s¶ ]T-\-Ime¯v H-cn-¡epw D-≠m-bn-«nÃ. tIm-sf-Pn XmXvImen-I A-[ym-]-I-\m-bn-«mbncp-¶p Rm³ Hu-tZymKn-I Po-hn-Xw B-cw-`n-¨Xv. H-gn-hpt\-c-§-fn ]p-kv-X-I-§Ä hm-bn¡p-am-bn-cp¶p. A¯-c-sam-cp hm-b-\-bv¡n-S-bn-em-Wv kn-hn kÀ-ho-kv tam-lw h-¶Xv. tPm-en-bp-sS ]-Z-hnbpw ¥m-adpw t\mth-K-X Ip-d-¨m {]-Xn-Zn-\w ¡n-bà Rm³ sF-]nFkn\p X-¿maq¶pw \mepw th-Zn-I-fn F-¯nsd-Sp-¯Xv. an-I-¨ kÀ-¡mÀ tPmen, Øn-c h-cp-am-\w F¶n-h am-{X-am-bnt¨-tc-≠ a-{´n-amÀ-¡v k-a-b-\ncp-¶p e-£yw. jvT ]m-en-¡m-\m-hnÃ. A-Xn-\m B-Zy t]m-kv-änw-Kn-sâ A-\p-`Cu Xo-cp-am-\w C-t¸mÄ \-S-¸mh§Ä? F-sâ B-Zy t]m-kv-änw-Kv tI-c¡m³ \nÀ-hm-l-anÃ. f-¯n X-s¶ B-bn-cp¶p. B-än§-enÂ, 1987 H-tÎm-_À ap-X 1988 s^-{_ph-cn h-sc 4 am-kw Rm³ A-hn-sS-bp-≠m-bn-cp¶p. `m-j A-dn-bnà F-¶-Xm-bn-cp¶p sk-{I-«-dn-¡v I-¯b-s¨¦nepw t]m-kn-äo-hv B-b H-cp a-dp-]-Sn-bà e-`n-¨Xv. Im-c-Ww; Cu Im-e-b-f-hn Rm³ t\-cn-« {][m-\ shÃp-hnfn. th-K-X Ip-d-¨m {]-Xn-Zn-\w aq¶pw \mepw AXp-sIm-≠v X-s¶ a-e-bm-fw ]Tn¡p-I F-¶-Xm-bn-cpth-Zn-I-fn F-¯n-t¨-tc-≠ a-{´n-amÀ-¡v k-a¶p F-sâ {][m-\ AP-≠. ko-\nbÀ Hm-^o-kÀam-tcmb-\n-jvT ]m-en-¡m-\m-hnÃ. A-Xn-\m Cu Xo-cpSpw K¬am-t\mSpw I-gn-bp¶-{X a-e-bm-fw kw-km-cn¨p. am-\w C-t¸mÄ \-S-¸m-¡m³ \nÀ-hm-l-anÃ. F-¶m [m-cm-fw kn-\n-a-IÄ I≠p. A-§-s\ IrXyw H-cp am-kk-aq-l-¯n-sâ \n-e-\nÂ-¸v a-\-kn-em-¡n a-{´n-amÀ ¯n-\p-Ån Rm³ e£yw I≠p. a-e-bm-fw hr-¯n-bmCXn-t\m-Sv k-l-I-cn-¡-W-sa-¶m-Wv F-sâ A-`n-{]mbw. bn kw-km-cn-¡m³ ]Tn¨p. Hu-tZymKn-I Po-hn-X-¯n-se a-d-¡m-\m-Im-¯ kw-`hw? Po-hn-X-¯-n kzm-[o-\w sN-ep¯n-b {][m-\ hyànIÄ? Rm³ sIm-¨n s]meo-kv I-½o-j-W-dm-bn Nphy-àn-Po-hn-X-¯n A-§-s\ Bcpw X-s¶-bnÃ. a-X-e-tb-ä k-abw, H-cp s]¬-Ip-«n-sb H-cp kv{Xo F-¶m H-cp I-d-I-f-ª D-tZym-K-س X-«n-s¡m≠p-t]m-bn H-fn-hn Xm-a-kn-¸n¨p. s]meoF-¶ \n-e-bn-te-¡p-b-cm³ Hukn-s\ B-sI Ip-g¡n-b H-cp tI-km-bn-cp-¶p AXv. tZymKn-I X-e-¯n F-s¶ A-¶v C¶-s¯ t]m-se sam-ss_ t^m-Wp-I-tfm, k-lm-bn-¨ \n-ch-[n hyssk-_À sktÃm H¶pw CÃ. _-µn-bm¡n-b B-sf àn-I-fp-ap≠v. Un-Pn]nams]meo-kv Xn-cn-¨-dn-sª-¦nepw Ø-ew I-s≠-¯mcm-bn-cp-¶ sI sP tPm\m-bnÃ. s]¬-Ip-«n-bp-sS ho-«n-te-¡v {]-Xn ]-eh-«w k^v, Ip-am-c³ \m-bÀ t^m¬ sN-bvXp. A-Xm-I-s« A©v PnÃ-I-fn \n-¶pw. F-¶n-h-cm-Wv k-l\w, H-cp Zn-h-kw A©v PnÃ-I-fn-eq-sS k-©-cn-¨ Ah-sc k-aq-l-t¯m-Sp-Å I-S-¸m-Sv I-≠p-]n-Sn-¡p-¶-Xn-\m-bn s]m-eo-kv hn-`m-Kw c-≠m-bn FaÀ-Pn-Mv tIcf t amÀ¨v 2014
F¶n-h ]Tn-¸n-¨-Xv. AXp-t]m-se `m-j ]Tn-¡p-¶-Xn\pw {]-tbm-Kn-¡p-¶-Xn\pw kp-Ip-am-c³ \m-bÀ kÀ h-f-sctb-sd k-lm-bn¨p. Ip-Spw_w? Ah-cpsS ]n-´p-W? a-IÄ _mw-¥q-cn ss{I-Ìv bq-Wn-th-gv-kn-än-bn FwFbv¡v ]Tn-¡p¶p. a-I³ apw-ss_-bn B-\n-taj³ BÀ-«n-Ìv BWv. `m-cy F-t¶m-sSm-¸w tI-c-f-¯n D≠v. Hu-tZymKn-I cwK-¯v F-sâ Xo-cp-am-\§-sf ]n-´pW-¨v IÀ-tam-Õp-I-\m-¡n \nÀ-¯p-¶-Xn F-sâ Ip-Spw-_-¯n-\v {][m-\ ]-¦p≠v. kw-Øm\-s¯ C-t¸mg-s¯ {Sm-^n-Iv t_m-[-hXvI-cW ]-cn-]m-SnI-sf F§-s\ hn-e-bn-cp-¯p-¶p? XoÀ-¨bmbpw A-Xv i-cnbm-b Zn-ibn-em-Wv t]m -Ip-¶Xv. ss{U-hÀ-amÀ-¡m-bpw C te-tW-gv-kv sS-kv-äv P-bn-¨-hÀ-¡p-am-bn D-tZym-K-ØÀ t\-cn-«pt]m-bn {]-tXyIw ¢m-Êp-IÄ \-S-¯p-¶p≠v. AXp-t]m-se kn-\n-a, kocn-b F-¶n-h-¡n-Sbv¡pw Sn hn, tdUntbm F-¶n-h-bneq-sSbpw an-I-¨ ]-c-ky-§fpw \Â-Ip¶p. {Sm-^n-Iv Ip-äIr-Xy-§Ä-¡v Ir-Xyamb in-£ e-`n-¡nà F-¶ A-_-²-[m-c-W P-\-§Ä-¡n-S-bn-ep≠v. A-Xv Xn-cp-¯Ww. tI-c-fo-bÀ Xm-¦Ä-¡v \ ÂIn-b 'Supercop' Cta-Pn-s\-]än? A¯-cw H-cp C-ta-Pv e-£y-an-«v H¶pwX-s¶ Rm³ sN-bv-Xn-«nÃ. F-sâ Uyq-«n sN-bv-Xp A-{Xam-{Xw. kw-Øm\-¯v th≠-{X {i-²n-¡-s¸Sm-sX In-S-¶ ta-J-ebm-bn-cp-¶p K-Xm-KXw. A-hn-sS \nb-aw IÀ-i\-am-b-t¸mÄ P-\-§Ä \n-b-a-s¯bpw \-S-¸m¡n-b hy-àn-tbbpw Aw-Ko-I-cn-¨p. F-\n-¡v ]I-cw atä-sXm-cp D-tZym-K-س C-sXm-s¡ sN-bv-Xn-cp-s¶-¦nepw {i-²n¡-s¸-t«s\. tlm-_nIÄ? kn\n-a ImWÂ, hm-b\ dn-«-bÀ Po-hn-Xs¯-¸än? dn-«-bÀ-saân\p ti-jhpw IÀtam-Õp-I-\mbn-cn-¡p-hm³ X-s¶-bm-Wv XmXv]-cy-s¸-Sp¶Xv. k-aq-l-hp-am-bn _-Ô-s¸«v, P-\\-·-¡mbn k-Zm \n-e-sImÅpw.
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hc-¨n-«Xv tIm-Sn-IÄ k-§Ä, 30te-sd cm-Py-§Ä, 300te-sd I-em-Im-c³-amÀ sb-kv _m-¦n-s\-t¸m-eq-ff tImÀ-¸-td-äp-I3000Hmfw I-em-kr-ãn-IÄ, fp-sS kv-t]m¬-kÀ-jn-t¸m-sS- UÂ-ln-bn 30000¯n A-[nIw k-µÀiIÀ, C´ym BÀ-«v s^-b-dnkw-L-Sn-¸n-¡-s¸« C-´y³ BÀ-«v s^-b-dns\ cm-Py-s¯ {][m-\ I-em-amsâ Bdmw ]-Xn-¸v P-\-]-¦m-fn-¯w sIm-≠pw am-¦-am-¡m-³ C-{X tN-cp-h-IÄ I-em-kr-ãn-I-fp-sS A-`q-X-]qÀ-ham-b hn¸-\- X-s¶ [m-cmfw. B-tKm-fX-e¯n H-cp Nn-{XI-em {]-ZÀisIm≠pw {i-t²-b-ambn \w F-¶-Xn-sâ A-\-´-km-[yX-IÄ DÄ-s¡m-§-fp-sS an-I-¨ I-em-kr-ãn-IÄ ≠v 2008em-Wv h-cpam-\ t{km-X-Êm-bn am-dp-¶Xv C-´ym BÀ-«v G-sXm-cp I-em-Im-c\pw A-`n-am-\-¯ns^-b-dn-\v sâbpw B-\-µ-¯n-sâbpw \n-an-jt\-lm InÀ§-fm-Wv k-½m-\n¡p-I. {]m-tZ-in]m XpSIþkwØm-\ X-e-§-fn \-S-¡p-¶ ¡wIp-dn-¨Xv. F-Iv-kn-_n-j-\p-IÄ Nn-{X-Ie-sb B-Zy 5 ]-XnH-cp ]-cn-[nh-sc hym-h-km-bn-IX-e¸p-I-fn-se ¯n-te-¡p-bÀ-¯p¶p. F-¶m Ihn-P-b-¯nsâ em-Im-c-sâbpw I-em-kr-ãn-bp-sSbpw ]-Xn³-aS-§v {]-i-kv-Xn I-S-en-\-¸p-d-t¯-s¡-¯n-¨v Xn-f-¡-w kz-´C-Xn-\v B-tKm-f-am-\w \Â-Ip-I-bmWv am¡m³ C´ym BÀ«v s^-b-dn-\v UÂ-ln B-Øm-\-am-bn kw-L-Sn-¸n-¨ UÂ-ln-bn km-[n¨p. C´ym BÀ-«v s^bÀ. I-e-bn AÂtem-I-¯n-sâ \m-\m`m-K-§-fn ¸w km-¼¯nI Im-cy-ap-s≠-¶v hn-fnt\-lm InÀ-]m \n-¶p-sa-¯n-b I-em-Im-c³-amÀ s]t¨mXn-b C´ym BÀ-«v s^-b-dnsâ bnânwKv, kv-IÄ-]v-¨-dnwKv, Un-Pn-ä 6þmw ]-Xn-¸n-\v sIm-Sn-bn-d-§nb-Xv tIm-Sn-I-fp-sS ]-W-¡nBÀ«v, t^m-t«m-{Km-^n CÃpkv-t{S-j³-kv Xp-S-§n-b ep-¡-hp-am-bmWv. hn-`m-K-§-fn X-§-fp-sS I-em-kr-ãn-IÄ A-Wn-bnP-\p-h-cn 31 ap-X s^-{_p-h-cn 2 h-sc-bpÅ 3 Zn-hs¨m-cp-¡n-b-t¸mÄ, UÂ-ln A-£-cmÀ-°-¯n H-cp hÀ-W-I-em-tI-{µ-am-bn. 5 `q-J-Þ-§-sfbpw {]-Xn\n-[m-\w sN-bv-Xv I-emIm-c³-amÀ BÀ-«v s^-bdn-\v F-¯n-bn-cp¶p. ap¼v B-tKm-f{i-² t\Sn-b BÀ-«v s^-b-dp-Ifm-b Bw-ÌÀ-Umw, {_-kÂkv, Pohn-X-hn-P-b-¯n-\v D]-I-cn-¡p¶ an-em³, kn-wK¸pÀ, tlmNn´-Ifpw Bi-b-§fpw t¦mwKvv BÀ-«v s^-b-dpItfm-Sv In-S-]n-Sn-¡m³ ssZ\w-Zn-\- hm-b-\-bv¡mbn k-am-\am-b ]-Z-hn-bn-teNn«-s¸-Sp-¯n-bn-cn-¡p¶p. ¡p-b-cm³ C-´ym BÀ-«v , s^-b-dn\pw km-[n-¨p. hn Fkv K-bn-tämsU, hnP-b-¯nsâ ]S-hp-IÄ F-^v F³ kq-k Xp-SBß-hn-izm-k-t¯msS §n-b-h-cp-sS Nn-{XkrIbdn-t¸m-Im³ hm-b-\-¡mÀ-¡p ãnIÄ 3.5 e-£w ap-X 10 e-£w h-sc cq-]-bv¡mXp-W-tb-Ip¶p. Wv hn-äpt]m-bXv. , Hmtcm Kym-e-dn-bn \n¶pw {]-Xn-Zn-\w Ip-d\s½ Bthiw sImÅn-¡p-Ibpw ª-Xv 40þ45 e-£w h-sc {]tNm-Zn-X-cm-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p¶ cq-]-bp-sS hnÂ-¸-\ \Skw`-h-I-Y-Ifpw IÂ]n-X-I-Y-Ifpw. ¶p F¶-Xv B-[p\n-I k-aq-lw I-em-kr-ãnI-sf , F-{X-t¯mfw hn-e-a-XnHmtcm ho«nepw kq£n-t¡| ¡p-¶p F-¶-Xn-\v DZmAaq-ey-Ir-Xn. l-c-W-am-Wv. 7.5 e-£w ap-X 80 e-£w cq] h-sc hn-e-a-Xn-¡p-¶ Iem-kr-ãn-I-fmWv BÀ-«v Ct∏mƒ s^-b-dn-s\ \nÀ-Wm-b-Ihnev]-\-bn¬ am-¡n-bXv. Hu-«v tUmÀ BÀ-«n-Ìv eo-\ sI-P-vcn-hmfn-sâ an-knwKv, {]-`m-IÀ ]-¨v-]p-s«-bpsS 'sZ³ Z Iu ÌmÀ-«v-kv anÂ-¡nw-Kv `325 _n. Fkv. hm-cnbÀ F-ssK³' F-¶o kr-ãnIÄ k-hnti-j {i-² t\Sn. Pn-Xn-jv IÃm¯v, Un kn _pIvkv, Un kn Ing--s°apdn CSw, tIm´bw 686 001 Z-bm-\n-µ knw-Kv Xp-S-§na0481˛256 3114, 9846133336 ccustomercare@dcbooks.com b-h-cp-sS kr-ãn-Ifpw Visit our online bookstore at www.dcbookshop.net, www.dcbooks.com Im-WnI-sf ]n-Sn-¨n-cp¯n.
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_n. Fkv. hm-cnb¿
Pohn-X-hn-P-b-¯n-\v 366 DÄ-¡m-gv-NIÄ
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{_n«³, A-tacn¡, s_Â-Pn-bw F-¶n-hn-S-§-fn \n-¶p-am-bn-cp-¶p k-µÀ-i-I-cn `qcn-`m-K-hpw. temI¯v I-e-bp-sS {]-[m-\-tI-{µ-am-bn A-Sp-¯ A-©v hÀ-j-¯n-\p-f-fn C-´y- am-dp-sa-¶v BÀ-«v-s^-bÀ U-b-d-ÎÀ t\-lm InÀ]m ]d-bp-¶p. I-em-Im-c³-amÀ¡pw Im-Wn-IÄ¡pw ]p-dsa \n-cq-] IÀ, Iyq-td-äÀ-amÀ, ayq-kn-bw U-b-d-tÎ-gvkv, I-em kwhn-[m-b-IÀ Xp-S-§n-b-h-cp-sS IqSn kw-K-a-th-Zn-bm-Wv C-´ym BÀ-«v s^-bÀ. ]-©\£-{X tlm-«-epIÄ, dn-tkmÀ-«pIÄ, h³In-S B-ip-]-{Xn-IÄ F-¶n-hn-S-§fn \n-¶p-am-Wv I-em-kr-ãn-IÄ-¡v B-h-iy-¡mÀ G-sd h-¶-Xv. ap-¶q-dn-tesd Kym-e-dn-I-fn-em-bm-Wv {]-ZÀi-\w H-cp-¡n-bn-cp-¶Xv.
km-¼-¯n-Ih-iw BÀ-«v-s^-b-dn ]-s¦-Sp-¯ F-Iv-kn-_n-tä-gv-kn 96 i-X-am\w t]-cpw an-I-¨ hnÂ-¸-\ \-S-¯n-b-Xm-bm-Wv dnt¸mÀ-«p-I-sf-¦nepw Ir-Xyam-b I-W-¡p-IÄ C-Xph-sc ]p-d-¯p-h-¶n-«nÃ. {]-ZÀ-in-¸n-¡-s¸-« Nn-{X-§-fn-epw, inÂ-¸-§-fnepw ]-Ip-Xn-bn-te-sdbpw hn-äpt]mbn. G-ä hpw Ipdªhn-e X-s¶ ]-Xn-\m-bn-c-§-fm-bn-cp¶p. ssN\-sb {]-Xn-\n-[o-I-cn-¨m-Wv I-em-Im-c³-amcpw ImWn-Ifpw G-sd-sb-¯n-bXv. IÃn-epw a-®nepw hÀ-W-¨mb-§Ä \ÂIn Po-h³ sh-¸n-s¨-Sp-¯ kr-ãn-IÄ ap-X ¹m-Ìn-¡nepw a-c-¯nepw sa-s\-sª-Sp-¯ I-em-cq-]§Ä h-sc e-£-§Ä sIm-Sp-¯v I-em-t{]-an-IÄ kz-´am¡n. BÀ-«v K-yme-dn Zp-_mbv, sF-¡¬ Kyme-dn \yq-tbmÀ¡v, BÀ-«v C³-Ukv \yq-UÂln, BÀ-«v tem©v Kyme-dn t]mÀ¨p-K F-¶n-h-bm-Wv {]-[m-\-ambpw h-cp-am-\-s¡m-bv¯v \-S-¯n-bXv. 60 e-£w cq-] _m-¦v hm-bv-]-sb-Sp-¯m-Wv t\-lm InÀ-]m C-´y BÀ-«v s^-b-dn-\v 2008 Xp-S-¡-anSp¶-Xv 2014 ]-Xn-¸v \-S-¯m³ 10 tIm-Sn cq-] sN-e-hm-sb-¶v dn-t¸mÀ-«v 2012 hnÂ-¸-\-\-S-¶-Xv 100 tIm-Sn cq-]-bp-sS I-emkr-ãn-IÄ
_n-kn\-kv tam-U Km-e-dn-IÄ D-]-tbm-Kn-¡p-¶ kv-t]-kn-\v kw-Lm-SIÀ-¡v e-`n-¡p-¶-Xv H-cp N-Xp-c-{i-ao-ä-dn\v 20,000 cq] tImÀ-¸-td-äv kv-t]m¬-kÀ-jn¸v: B-Zy-am-bn C-´y BÀ-«v s^-b-À kv-t]m¬-kÀ sN-¿m³ tImÀ-¸-td-äpIÄ X-¿m-dmbn. sb-kv _m-¦m-bn-cp-¶p ap-Jy kv-t]m¬kÀ FaÀ-PnMv tIcf t amÀ¨v 2014
Emerging Kerala Monthly, Published on 05th March 2014 ` 20
'Registered' Regn. No: KL/KTM/674/2012-14 RNI No. 115185 KERMAL/2012/42628