Monologue With better management this month has been better, smoother. After a view discussions with friends about the publication we had several new ideas that are ready to implement. Some were critics about how we can improve the publication, and others were new possibilities on where we could take the publication. At the moment we’re going to move forward on step at a time. We also found out errors on the previous publications (Oops), and we try to make sure things like that doesn’t happen in the future publications (We hope).
Our schedule in April is quite busy, outside Dear we have various things we’re trying to do, with hopes that we could learn more and use the new knowledge to elevate Dear. If you may noticed the pace of our work has gone faster little by little, we want to keep the publication in the beginning of the month, so as like other publication (especially magazines) we want to keep our issue done before the month arrives. Well, we’re trying.
In case you missed our post at tumblr (deardiscussions.tumblr.com) or our previous publication monologue, we are now having a partnership going on with Weiss Graphic. Not in a romantic way. The cover for this month publication is sent by a friend of ours at Weiss that was originally made as an artwork for a music event, the same guy that helped giving our second publication cover. We know it’s been a while since we published using a photo, we hope we’ll get one next month (fingers crossed).
P.S. Sorry for no futurism images. Cover Image from: “Ethnos Libera - Four” by Brian Alvin of Weiss Graphic
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PAT H W AY T O M O D E R N I S M
Cubism - Futurism - Dada - Surrealism - Expressionism all paving a way towards how traditional art became a modern art, how art grows into design.
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PAT H W AY T O M O D E R N I S M
T
hroughout the past century, there are various art styles or art movements that shape many cultures. Each
movement connects with other movements, some inspire, some contradict and some grew based on other movements. One of the the movement or style is modernism. This part will cover a small introduction about modernism and cover some movements that help in shaping modernism. For each movement that stop growing there is a new movement that starts.
Brief Introduction
and help to define modernism.
Modernism, is an art style or
One by one the movements start to
movement that grows from
break free from the past, from the
traditional art style and forms. As
traditional art styles and grow to a
the word modern means something
‘new’ form. This ‘new’ form will then
as against or opposed to the past,
grew to become modernism.
something in the present times. But if modernism speaks as a movement
Cubism
in the present time, what is post
Cubism is the oldest movement that
modernism? We’ll talk about that in
starts the path to modernism. As
a different publication, but back at
previously almost all art styles, such
modernism. The term was first used
as realism, baroque, romanticism,
in the early of the twentieth century,
impressionist, and others tend to
so the term ‘modern’ refers to the
illustrate object as perfect figures,
time back then.
cubism started breaking down the figures to simple shapes. The
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Before modernism grew, there are
major figure that started the whole
several movements that inspires
movement was the Spanish painter,
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PAT H W AY T O M O D E R N I S M
(Left) “Girl Before a Mirror”, (Middle) “Le pigeon aux petits pois” and (Right) “Les demoiselles d’Avignon” all by Pablo Picasso
Pablo Picasso, with his series of
cone.’ Not only the new approach
work that are heavily inspired with
demonstrates new ways to express
African tribal arts, such as mask,
human emotions, it also inspires a
sculpture and fabrics. The African
new way of opportunity, influencing
art is then implemented on the
other to embark on their own
figure, creating an unusual ‘new
movement as they revolutionize the
form’. Another artist, Paul Cezanne,
traditional way of art, thus giving
decides to ‘treat nature in terms
new possibilities on how art is made
of cylinder and the sphere and the
and interpreted.
(Left) “Mont Sainte Victoire Seen From Les Lauves” and (Right) “The Bibemus Quarry” all by Paul Cezanne
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PAT H W AY T O M O D E R N I S M
(Opposite Page) “Still Life With Fruit Dish And Mandolin” by Juan Gris, another Cubist Painter
“When I judge art, I take my painting and put it next to a God made object like a tree or flower. If it clashes, it is not art” - Paul Cezanne
Futurism
movement and imbues a negative
Another movement that also
and destructive element. They reject
marks a start on revolutionizing the
the traditional art ways and strive
traditional art is futurism. Futurism
for a new completer freedom of
is started by the Italian poet, Filippo
expression. One prominent figure in
Marinetti in which he mentioned
Dada is Marcel Duchamp, a French
about a movement where arts were
Painter, which later became one of
to test their ideas and forms against
Dada’s front man. Duchamp once
the new realities of scientific and
exhibits a painting of mustache in
industrial society. Visually, futurism
a reproduction of the Mona Lisa.
is influenced by cubism, though
Duchamp wanted to express his
“Fountain” by Marcel Duchamp
futurists have a bolder and more violent expression implemented on the art. Futurism also gives birth to new revolutionary techniques that are later adopted and adapted by the dadaist, constructivist, De Stijl, and later modernist.
Dadaism Dadaism or Dada is born at the aftermath of World War I. The Dada movement claims to be an anti art
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“ A photograph can, by the addition of an unimportant spot of color, become a photomontage, a work of art....” John Heartfield
(Left) “deutschland deutschland über alles “, (Middle) “Peace and Fascism”, and (Right) “Whoever Reads Bourgeois Newspapers Becomes Blind and Deaf: Away with These Stultifying Bandages!” all by John Heartfield.
feelings about the tradition and the
we see nowadays. Photo montage
public which had lost the humanistic
is a technique of manipulating
spirit of the Renaissance.
photographic images to create juxtapositions.
Dada rebelled against the
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traditional ways, and promotes
Surrealism
innovation in place of the traditional
Another movement that has
art. Dada claims to have invented
paved a way for modernism is
photo montage. A ‘traditional’
surrealism. Surrealism, also refines
version of a digital montage that
techniques from Dada. Surrealists
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(Left) “Mystery and Melancholy of a Street,” by (Bottom) Giorgio de Chirico
often create works that are hard
emotions in his work at that time.
to comprehend by others, since
Another surrealist painter, Salvador
the theme of the work are often
Dali is also widely known for his
fantasy, emotional content and also
works. Some considered that Dali is,
symbolism. Considered to be first
if not the best, one of the greatest
surrealist painter, Giorgio de Chirico
surrealist painter.
produces images that extraordinary
(Bottom) “apparition of a face and fruit dish on a beach” by Salvador Dali
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(Top) “The Temptation of Saint Anthony” and (Bottom) “The Persistence of Memory” both by Salvador Dali
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PAT H W AY T O M O D E R N I S M
Expressionism Moving on is expressionism, a movement that does not depict objective reality but subjective emotions and personal response to a subject or event. The movement is born during years before world war I. Many German expressionists rejected the authority of military, education, and government. They
“Color is the keyboard, the eyes are the harmonies, the soul is the piano with many strings. The artist is the hand that plays, touching one key or another, to cause vibrations in the soul.” - Wassily Kandinsky
feel empathy towards those who are victim of social injustice and that feeling influences their work. There are two major expressionist groups: Die Brucke or the bridge and Der Blaue Reiter or the blue rider. Expressionism movement inspire their artists to seek new approaches to their art and to life itself, since their work is a representation of their feeling towards life.
An expressionist known for his famous works is Wassily Kandinsky. Kandinsky’s work had strong colors and also advanced form, which later on he taught on Bauhaus. His lecture became one of the important foundations for design
(Top) “Composition 7” and (Bottom) “Composition 8” both by Wassily Kandinsky
education in Bauhaus.
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PAT H W AY T O M O D E R N I S M
Conclusion
Without the movements that
The movement mentioned here
wanted to revolutionize how art
are just some movements that
was seen and treated there would
started the modernism movement.
be no design until today. People
Modernism in contrast of the
would just refer art as something
traditional art, has a more function
seen and valued, not something
like purpose of art, or what we
that serves as a purpose and helps
would like to say, design. Slowly
people’s life. Modernism highlights
art, that was once considered an
that functional aspect of art, it
illustration or interpretation of
emphasize the purpose of design
event or figure, grew to something
more than any other movements.
that contained a message, may
Therefore to learn and study about
it be political or social, not just
design, modernism would serve
philosophical, and to something
as a great start that could form a
that has a purpose or function
mindset upon working in design.
applied to everyday life.
Article References: Meggs’ History of Graphic Design by Meggs & Purvis
Image References:
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/4c/Les_Demoiselles_d’Avignon.jpg http://i.huffpost.com/gen/831576/thumbs/o-PABLO-PICASSO-facebook.jpg http://durangoarts.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/Pablo-Picasso-Girl-Before-a-Mirror.jpg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/6/63/Picasso_-_Le_pigeon_aux_petits_pois_1911.jpg http://www.photoeye.com/auctions/img/4012/Large_H1000xW950.jpg http://i.imgur.com/5eoWsaD.jpg http://25.media.tumblr.com/fd19832c0cceee8d35a3183c4c3a59e1/tumblr_ mhmufueAWw1qz9v8to1_1280.jpg http://libreriaprandi.it/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/de-chirico.jpg http://0.tqn.com/d/arthistory/1/0/l/i/dali_moma_0708_11.jpg http://www.fakenation.info/ckeditor/kcfinder/upload/images/Salvador-Dali2.jpg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8b/Salvador_Dali_A_(Dali_Atomicus)_09633u.jpg http://www.wallsave.com/wallpapers/1920x1080/dali/861495/dali-salvador-paintings-art-861495.jpg http://www.hdwallpapers-desktop.com/Art/Salvador-Dali/Wallpaper/images/Salvador%20Dali%20 Wallpaper%2011.jpg http://www.ibiblio.org/wm/paint/auth/kandinsky/kandinsky.comp-8.jpg http://www.ibiblio.org/wm/paint/auth/kandinsky/kandinsky.comp-7.jpg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f5/Paul_Cézanne_108.jpg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2b/Paul_Cézanne_163.jpg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/12/Juan_Gris_003.jpg http://mheidbreder.files.wordpress.com/2010/11/whoever-reads-resize-5331.jpg http://www.kuriositas.com/2011/06/extraordinary-anti-nazi-photomontages.html http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f6/Duchamp_Fountaine.jpg
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Next Discussion: Part 2 of the Modernism Discussion. Somewhat closer to modernism with Plakatstil and Lucian Bernhard. The tale of how the art process of Lucian Bernhard’s work became a great work of art and design.
What people see with modernism, and what modernism achieve in design. We’ll talk less, so that’s it for now.
Lucian Bernhard
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