Mine Idaho 2025 by DEL Communications Inc.

Committed to Responsible Use of Natural Resources

For our Smoky Canyon mining operations, this means we have invested in developing new “cover” reclamation systems that provide protection for groundwater while restoring a healthy landscape for wildlife.

Innovations like this help us to mine phosphate ore responsibly and contribute to feeding our world.

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An Enduring Commitment to the Southeast Idaho Community

For over 65 years, Bayer’s P4 business, engaged in phosphate mining and phosphorus manufacturing, has been a central part of the Soda Springs community. Today it is a major pillar of the Southeast Idaho economy.

Helping to preserve our environment for people, plants, wildlife, and communities is a key focus of our work at Bayer. When it comes to phosphate mining, our aim is simple: To leave as few traces of mining as possible, ensuring the important ecological functions before mining are restored and working after mining. It’s a promise to our community that will last long after the last shovel of dirt is turned.

For more information about Bayer’s ongoing safety, health and community programs, visit us online at Bayer.com.

A message from the President of the Idaho Mining Association

RANDY VRANES, BAYER CROP SCIENCES

Over my 40+ years as a mining professional working in the coal, copper/precious metals sector, as well as in Idaho’s phosphate industry, I have firsthand experience with the ups and downs of the mining industry.

I began my career in the early ‘80s, where I was employed as a young engineer/production supervisor at the Bingham Canyon Copper Mine in Utah. Ten days after beginning work, they laid off 180 supervisors, and over my three years with the company, I moved from production to multiple engineering locations, including a summer in Alaska as an exploration geologist escaping one layoff after another.

Accompanying that period, Bingham Canyon was shut down, large investments were made, union demands were reduced, and the Utah Copper Division went from over 6,500 employees down to 2,200. During that time, I had the opportunity of moving my family to Arizona and stay in the copper business or come to Idaho in the phosphate industry. The decision to be here in Idaho was one of the best choices of my life. Although the phosphate industry was in much better shape than copper and precious metals, it was certainly anything but booming. During my first year with Monsanto one of our plant’s three furnaces were idled for nearly a year and our sister plant in Columbia

Tennessee was shut down after 50 years of operation. In contrast to that past, we live in a very different world today, long gone are the days of 60-cent copper and sub $400 gold.

As we reflect on our recent Idaho Mining Association (IMA) annual meeting, it is evident that we are experiencing extraordinary times. When Ben Davenport was hired as our executive director in 2016, we as an association were struggling with some challenging times of our own. In order to maintain our organization and keep the lights on, we were required to dip into our modest contingency fund just to manage our annual commitments. When Ben put together the first IMA annual meeting in 2017 we had less than 100 attendees. In contrast, this year’s meeting attracted over 117 vendors and 950 attendees. Our kudos and thanks go out to Ben, Alli, and all of the meeting committee members for their outstanding efforts in putting together this extraordinary event. With the high level of interest, it is especially evident that there is an increasing realization by industry, politicians, and society that the necessity of a viable and reliable minerals industry can support the demands of our modern evolving society and ensure our national security.

Our most recent annual meeting featured opening remarks by Governor Little, as well as details shared by Rich Nolan, the president of the National Mining Asso-

ciation. Nolan pointed out the importance of a viable domestic mining industry and associated reliable minerals supply, which is now part of the discussion on a national level with both political parties and is receiving the most bi-partisan support that he has observed in many years.

I am finishing this text while sitting in the Salt Lake City airport waiting for my flight. Just a few hours ago Donald Trump gave his acceptance speech and Republicans have prevailed in the Senate. I am certainly happy about that, and based on his first term, should bode well for some moderation with regard to ever-increasing regulations and government red tape. However, this extraordinary outcome should cause us, as the mining industry, great reflection and resolve. I believe we, as part of U.S. mining industry and here in Idaho, have demonstrated the ability to mine and coexist with the environment to a level that is equal to or better than anywhere in the world. Unfortunately, much of society, although may be beginning to realize the need for minerals and products we produce, still often have the attitude, “not in my backyard.” Minerals are where you find them and this is just one of the many reasons we need to continue to go the extra mile and put our best foot forward at all times. We can never relax or do just the minimum. Our right to operate is unfortunately a fragile gift. We need to always pursue self-improvement and

adopt the latest and best technology and practices.

Our conference provided abundant evidence as to the importance of our industry suppliers and educational institutions that will be vital in our industry’s quest for continuous improvement and best practices.

Being here in Idaho, we have so many things in our favor. Not only do we live in one of the most beautiful places on earth, but our people here largely are grounded and understand the importance of farm-

ers, loggers, and miners. This is where true wealth is created, and at the same time, like us, they want to make sure our majestic landscapes are protected for future generations. Fortunately, unlike many other states or locations, our government officials generally share similar attitudes.

As I reflect on my life’s career choice, I can say it has been extremely rewarding. I truly appreciate all the wonderful people I have met and worked with in this industry. When I think about those tough times

of the past, I am reminded that mining is a cyclical industry, however, a lot of the pain and anguish that companies experienced were due to not being diligent with the idea of continuous improvement. In many cases, they accepted the status quo and squandered opportunities when times were good, and in some cases, did not appreciate the fragile nature of their social right to operate.

I am hopeful and optimistic we will learn from the past; our future depends on it. s

A message from the Executive Director of the Idaho Mining Association BENJAMIN J. DAVENPORT, IMA EXECUTIVE VICE PRESIDENT

The mining industry in 2024 remains a cornerstone for global development, driven by its essential role in producing minerals that contribute to nearly every industry and aspect of daily life. Mining provides the raw materials required to produce renewable energy infrastructure and technological advancements. Beyond economic contributions, mining also plays a key role in national security by providing access to strategic resources used in defense technology, energy storage, and critical infrastructure. As a country, investing in a stable and responsible mining industry would reduce our reliance on foreign imports, strengthen supply chains, and ensure access to the materials needed to advance technology and innovation. To this day, we still rely on imports for over 90 percent of the identified critical minerals listed by the USGS.

Idaho’s vast and unique geography offers up an undeniable opportunity to provide our nation with the minerals needed. All of Idaho’s minerals are deemed critical, strategic, and necessary. Projects across the state are leading the way in industry best practices and continue to exceed safety, environmental, and community engagement standards in Idaho. Because of this, Idaho is quickly becoming an attractive place to invest in for the mining

industry. It has been a pivotal year for our state, as we have seen significant growth in the exploration and development space with countless deposits renewed and discovered. We continue to see land managers in our phosphate district prioritize the permitting of new mines that will continue to help feed our nation and we are now looking forward to the Stibnite Gold Project receiving a Final Record of Decision after Perpetua Resources received their Draft Record of Decision in September. The industry is thrilled to finally see the evolution of this project come to life, and believe that it sets a great example for the potential for future efforts here in Idaho. Remember, we can mine here, and we can do it in a much safer and more environmentally responsible manner than many of our competing nations.

Back in Washington, D.C., the needle seems to be turning on long-awaited mining policy. This year, the Good Samaritan Remediation of Abandoned Hardrock Mines Act passed unanimously out of the U.S. Senate and awaits passage in the U.S. House of Representatives. This carefully crafted legislation has been a contribution from many stakeholders, and will represent over a decade of bipartisan work to improve responsible remediation efforts. When passed, this will be a big

win for the mining industry and conservationists alike, and reflects the endless dedication to land reclamation and stakeholder collaboration.

As I reflect on the past year, I believe that there is much to be excited for in our industry. Many times, it feels as though we are the only ones who recognize the good that the hard-working men and women in the industry provides, however, I have noticed a shift. 2024 underscored mining’s pivotal role in the global energy transition, national security, and domestic supply chain investment. There seems to be a fundamental shift towards balancing traditional extraction with always evolving environmental stewardship and resilience.

All this to say, members of the IMA and non-members alike deserve the credit for the inroads we have made. This certainly isn’t to say that it is time to relax our efforts, as there is still much to accomplish, but I am confident in the resolve of this industry to take on these hard discussions. I consider myself fortunate to be able to help in these efforts. I have and will continue to consider it to be one of the biggest honors of my life to be able to work for all of the hardworking miner’s here in the Gem State.

“Esto Perpetua.” s

IDAHO MINING ASSOCIATION

membership packet

Membership benefits Idaho Mining Association

information

Stay informed on up-to-the-minute industry news that might otherwise pass you by. Becoming a member of the Idaho Mining Association (IMA) gives you access to news and developments in the industry along with the opportunity to hear and learn from peers in the industry

Networking

Support the cause and the future

Amplify industry's voice, support industry growth, and act as a watchdog for mining as a whole. As a member, you will be supporting the mission of the IMA and the work we do. Many of our members see the values of helping promote the future of mining.

Connect and create relationships. The IMA provides a great networking opportunity for members who want to strengthen ties with clients or colleagues in their industry, hunt for jobs, or make long-term connections.

Best practices

Lead the way in implementing industry best practices. Members of the IMA gain resources on what is happening in the industry to keep our practices safe and efficient and have a head start on implementing new practices as they are amended or changed.

strength and power in numbers

Influence how decisions are made. Working together, our collective experience on the issues and in navigating the burdensome regulatory environment are valuable benefits all IMA members enjoy.

Events

Make staying engaged easy. Companies who join the IMA participate in association events focused on forming valuable connections and trade shows, seminars, and workshops that provide valuable connections and education opportunities.

MEMBERSHIP CATEGORIES

OPERATING

Companies that have produced or processed minerals in Idaho for at least one year.

DEVELOPING

Companies that have located minerals and are now in the process of contracting/permitting a mine to produce or process minerals.

NON-OPERATING

Companies that were operating members of the IMA for at least 3 years, but are not currently producing minerals.

EXPLORATION

Companies that are engaged in the exploration for minerals in Idaho but are not currently producing or processing minerals.

ASSOCIATE

Companies that provide products or services to the mining industry.

Idaho Mining Association

Operating Members Members

America's Gold and Silver

Bayer ITAFOS

Hecla Mining Company

Developing Members

J.R. Simplot Company

Exploration Members

Non-Operating Members

Thompson Creek Mining | FMC, Solvay USA | Nutrien

Associate Members

MEMBERSHIP

THE IDAHO MINING ASSOCIATION IS WORKING FOR YOU

By Alli Stice, Idaho Mining Association Director of Strategic Communications

We kicked off this year with the 2024 Idaho legislative session where although we did not carry any bills, there were many policy discussions we engaged in. We hosted our annual Mining Day at the Capitol where legislators had a chance to sit down with local mining projects across the state to learn more about the projects and their benefits to the local communities. Later in the day, companies had an opportunity to present a project overview to the Senate Resources and Environment Committee. We finished the day off with our annual legislative dinner at the Idaho History Museum.

In May, I had the privilege of traveling to Washington, D.C. for the annual Women’s Mining Coalition Fly In. During the week, the group met with over 50 congressional offices from around the country, working to educate members of congress about the importance of a robust domestic mining industry. In June, IMA staff attended the Idaho Association of Commerce and Industry (IACI) Conference in Sun Valley. From there, we made our way through central Idaho where we hosted a legislative mine tour at the Thompson Creek Molybdenum Mine near Clayton, ID. From there, we found ourselves in Salmon, ID for a tour of the Revival Gold Beartrack Mine. It was a successful week traveling

the beautiful countryside in central Idaho!

During the August recess, the Idaho Mining Association Board of Directors met with three of our four congressional offices in Boise, ID. During these meetings we discussed new hope for mining policy and thanked our delegation for their continued support of the industry. Later that day, we hosted congressional offices, agency staff, and IMA members for an evening of networking.

Hosted by the National Mining Association (NMA), MinExpo happened this year in Las Vegas, NV. We had the great opportunity of participating in a kiosk pavilion along with our colleagues and friends from other state associations. It was a

Mining Day at the Capitol 2024.

Legislative tour of Thompson Creek.

Tour

Beartrack Revival Gold. Legislative tour of Hercules Metals.

great time to connect and network with members and other industry professionals from around the globe.

October 28th and 29th was our annual Idaho Mining Conference in Boise, ID. This year was a record-breaking year for us

with over 970 attendees, over 120 sponsors and vendors, and over 50 speakers. We nearly doubled in size from last year’s event, which we could not be more thrilled about. A big thank you to all of our sponsors and vendors, and to all who partici-

pate in our show. Save the date for the 2025 Idaho Mining Conference on October 27th and 28th.

As the 2024 General Election came to a close, we made our way up to north Idaho where we participated in the North

Legislative tour of Integra DeLamar.

Congressional reception.

MinExpo 2024.

Idaho Legislative Tour. During our week, we coordinated a legislative tour of Lucky Friday with Hecla Mining Company. We also did two mine tours with our board of directors, one of Bunker Hill, and the other of Idaho Strategic Resources Golden

Chest Mine. The end of our year was celebrated at the American Exploration and Mining Association’s (AEMA) annual conference in Reno, NV. This is always a great week with industry professionals, sharing their expertise and continued dedication

to the mining industry. We want to extend a thank you to all of our members. Idaho is lucky to have you all contributing to the mining industry and our economy at large. s

Discovering and Developing Oxide Gold in Idaho Bringing Black Pine Back into Production

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American Exploration and Mining Association Conference.

Clay Buster Bonanza Shooters Event.

EVENT RECAP IDAHO MINING CONFERENCE 2024

By Dale Kerner, Perpetua Resources

Critical mass. In nuclear physics, it defines the minimum amount of fissionable material required to maintain a chain reaction. When you get some neutrons flying around bumping into neighboring nuclei, interesting things can happen. In social science, the term represents the threshold level of participants or resources that an activity needs to attain a certain level of success, which in turn opens the door to additional and diverse opportunities. This leads the contemplative mind to wonder; has the Idaho Mining Conference (IMC) achieved critical mass? Have the cooperative efforts of the Idaho Mining Associa-

tion (IMA), conference attendees, sponsors, vendors, speakers, and a growing contingent of students been successful in establishing an essential and sustainable annual touchpoint for Idaho’s mining community?

As my Uncle Wayne from ‘dah U.P.’ used to say, “You bet your sweet bippy.”

On October 28-29, 2024, mild autumn weather welcomed a record-setting 971 registrants to the Grove Centre in Boise, Idaho for the sixth-annual IMC. On Monday morning, registration opened at 7:30 a.m. and the Grove’s foyer was quickly filled with incoming patrons, booth-building vendors, and poster-toting univer-

sity students. Recurrent participants from IMC’s early days could be heard taking a moment to fondly recall the humble origins of the conference, as they nodded in appreciation at what was just a few years ago a quaint little get-together and has now become “a thing.” [Author’s note: We still love you, Riverside. It wasn’t you… it was us]. Setting nostalgia aside, they set their sights onto a full suite of events. There was much to hear, much to see, and oh, so many people to reconnect with.

Day one of IMC 2024 wasted no time in getting down to business with Idaho’s Governor Brad Little providing a welcome and opening remarks. After a warm-up

circuit through the vendor hall, participants had their pick of three parallel track technical sessions, or they could step out in the corridor and peruse a robust student poster session that featured 13 posters and students from Boise State University, Idaho State University, and the University of Idaho. This level of participation reflected the noticeably increased presence of Idaho’s institutions of higher learning at this year’s conference, which attracted an unprecedented number of university and college students, educators and administrators from all corners of the state. And while the comped student registration might have greased the skids, the driving force behind this trend is the growing awareness that Idaho’s mining industry has the potential to offer chal-

lenging, rewarding, and well-paying jobs to those with the initiative to engage with a community that welcomes them with open arms.

This focus on the next generation of Idaho’s mining workforce carried over to the Day One – Bridging the Gap Luncheon. Opening speaker and College of Western Idaho (CWI) Geoscience Professor Ander Sundell laid out CWI’s forthcoming Mining Technician Associate’s Degree, a program he conceived that, in just a few years, will meet a growing demand for middle-skill mine workers by offering a targeted curriculum that emphasizes health and safety, field-based experience, and acumen with high-tech monitoring and characterization tools. Complementary luncheon panel discussions led by Lindsey Schultz

(CEO of MRC Recruiting) and title sponsor University of Idaho’s Sheila Hennessy (director of strategic partnerships at U of I) further demonstrated to all in attendance that the call to action from Idaho’s mining industry is being heard; Idaho mines offer employment opportunities to Idaho students, and those who can help facilitate those connections are heeding the call.

Are the opportunities truly there for the next generation of Idaho’s mining workforce? Is there a diversity of projects and operations at stages ranging from discovery and exploration to development, operations, reclamation, etc.? Queue up Uncle Wayne’s homey affirmation again, because there most certainly are. In addition to the long-standing mining districts

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and operators of Idaho’s panhandle and the southeastern phosphate district, this year’s IMC was bejeweled with presentations on a diverse and promising array of projects (some new, some familiar) that span the gamut from base to precious, and from critical to rare-earth. Integra Resources, Liberty Gold, Revival Gold, Idaho Copper, Hercules Metals, Perpetua Resources, Idaho Strategic Resources; as these company’s advance their projects through development and permitting, the demand for geologists and engineers of every stripe, regulatory agency technical specialists, equipment operators, metallurgists, ore techs, health and safety personnel, and environmental scientists will create enormous demand for skilled workers.

To meet this burgeoning demand, Idaho and the nation need to take a hard look at domestic policy around mineral resource development. As addressed by Ernest Scheyder’s IMC day two luncheon presentation referencing his award-winning book, The War Below, our desires to power the country and the globe with more sustainable sources of energy that are reliant upon a stunning requirement for mineral resources demands a reckoning. Do we seek out ways to reconcile mining operations in a nation dedicated to world-leading environmental regulations, or do we blithely review our net import dependence for so many minerals and turn a blind eye to how they are mined

elsewhere? Simply take a look at the list of nations from whom we are importing many of our mineral resources, ponder our present geopolitical stability, and you will quickly come to realize how tenuous those supply chains truly are, and how crucial it is that we expand responsible domestic mineral production capacity. It can be done. Miners and those who may be classically considered as mining industry detractors can find ways to work together to leverage the strengths of one another to the greater good of the environment, while maintaining operations in a world-class mining district. The Day two closing panel of the IMC, moderated by Alan Prouty (VP of environmental and regulatory affairs – J.R. Simplot Company) highlighted collaborative efforts in southeastern Idaho which have yielded environmental benefits in the Upper Blackfoot River drainage. In a discussion that included representatives from Freeport-McMoran (William E. Cobb – VP and chief sustainability officer), the Upper Blackfoot Confluence partnership (David Anderson – facilitator), and Trout Unlimited (Warren Collyer – national restoration director), successful restoration initiatives were discussed that rely upon the cooperation of operating mining companies and environmental groups. Through shared commitments to sustainable mining practices, funding of restoration projects, and electing productive over prohibitive stakeholder engagement, decades-old

impacts in the Blackfoot River drainage have been achieved, funded by continued operations and guided by good science, and ideally, this model could be expanded elsewhere.

After two action-packed days filled with engaging presentations, a Reverse Expo, countless swag grabs and the forging of new friendships, the IMC wound to a close on Tuesday, October 29, 2024 with an energetic reception, much soughtafter vendor and sponsor giveaways, and fond farewells. If this year’s event is any indication, much will happen between now and the 2025 IMC. New initiatives in the education sector will materialize and will benefit from increased industry interaction, progress will be made on a host of mining projects that will define the profile of Idaho’s mining industry for decades to come, intriguing innovations in the way we collect and process data will increase our capacity to identify and develop mineral resources, and (hopefully) the values of all stakeholders in Idaho’s mining industry will find new common ground. With comparable sponsor and vendor support, with Ben Davenport’s strength of leadership, the tireless coordination of the IMC Planning Committee (shout out to Alli Stice) and with the support of every one of you, the IMC will continue to be the catalyst for fomenting positive change.

Achievement of successful and sustainable growth fueling an increased diversity of opportunity. Critical mass. s

REGULATORY WATCH: REGULATIONS YOU NEED TO KNOW

By Todd Glindeman and Kelly Collins, Brown and Caldwell

Idaho’s 2025 triennial review process is underway. This process, required by Section 303 of the Clean Water Act, requires states to modify and improve water quality standards at least once every three years. The Idaho Mining Association, led by executive vice president Ben Davenport, continues to be actively engaged in representing the mining industry’s interests as an active stakeholder.

IDAHO REGULATIONS

Water quality aquatic life criteria for copper: Biotic Ligand Model Idaho Department of Environmental Quality (IDEQ) published guidance on

copper toxicity and the Biotic Ligand Model (BLM) to implement the copper criteria for aquatic life (22404 (idaho.gov)), replacing U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA’s) 2007 hardness-based aquatic life freshwater quality criteria for copper (Copper Biotic Ligand Model | US EPA).

BLM uses 10 water quality parameters to calculate the bioavailability and toxicity of copper to aquatic life. Many water quality characteristics, including pH, alkalinity, dissolved organic carbon, and hardness, can affect the bioavailability, and thus the toxicity of a metal like copper.

Traditional copper criteria do not ac-

count for pH or natural organic matter effects, these criteria can be overly stringent or underproductive, or both, at different times (Tools to Estimate Missing BLM Parameters (epa.gov)).

TRIBAL WATER QUALITY RULES

EPA published three rules to address Tribal water quality.

• Water Quality Standards Regulatory Revisions to Protect Tribal Reserved Rights, proposed December 5, 2022, finalized May 2, 2024. This rule directs the state, to the extent supported by available data and information, to consider Tribal-reserved rights in setting water quality standards (WQS).

• Federal Baseline Water Quality Standards for Indian Reservations, proposed May 5, 2024. This proposed rule establishes uniform WQS to protect Tribalreserved rights to aquatic resources. EPA will consult with each Tribe on the baseline WQS to address location-specific water quality conditions and Tribal circumstances.

• Clean Water Act Section (CWA) 401 Water Quality Certification Improvement Rule, finalized September 2023. This rule states that Tribes have the responsibility to determine whether a discharge from another jurisdiction will violate its water quality requirements and should not be permitted. This rule affects permits is-

sued under CWA Section 402 (National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System [NPDES] permit) and CWA Section 404 (Dredge and Fill permit).

FEDERAL REGULATIONS

Clean Water Act lawsuits in Idaho

Two recently decided lawsuits show that the scope of the CWA is still in contention. In the first case, the Idaho Conservation League sued Shannon Poe for conducting suction dredge mining without an NPDES permit in the South Fork of

Court of Idaho and the U.S. Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals ruled against Mr. Poe, who petitioned the U.S. Supreme Court. In July 2024, the Supreme Court declined to hear Mr. Poe’s petition and left in place the lower court ruling that prohibits Mr. Poe from mining in the South Fork without obtaining required permits.

In the second case, EPA filed suit alleging that Ace Black Ranches in Bruneau, Idaho conducted work that altered the Bruneau River and surrounding wetlands without obtaining a CWA 404 permit. In

tion to dismiss the suit based on the U.S. Supreme Court ruling in Sackett v. EPA, which held that only wetlands with a continuous surface connection to a navigable water are jurisdictional. The case is pending.

Todd Glindeman is Brown and Caldwell’s (BC’s) mining market sector leader, and Kelly Collins, managing hydrogeology principal, specializes in regulatory compliance at BC. BC provides compliance and permitting, industrial water, and site investigation and remediation support services

NAVIGATING UNPATENTED MINING CLAIMS ON FEDERAL LAND: A MINING LAWYER’S DUE-DILIGENCE PROCESS

By Peter J. Smith IV

The allure of untapped mineral resources on federal land has sparked a renewed interest in mining claims across Idaho. However, navigating the legal landscape of unpatented mining claims can be daunting for those unfamiliar with mining laws and regulations. As a mining lawyer specializing in federal land claims, I recommend the following due-diligence process to ensure your investment is secure and your rights are protected.

Understanding the federal framework

Unpatented mining claims on federal land fall under the purview of the Mining Law of 1872 and are administered by the Bureau of Land Management (BLM). These claims grant the holder the exclusive right to explore, develop, and extract valuable minerals, but they are subject to specific requirements and regulations to maintain fairness in resource allocation.

The due-diligence process

1. Claim documentation review: The duediligence process begins with an examination of all claim-related documents. This includes verifying that the location notice was properly filed with the BLM and recorded in the County within 90 days of the claim’s location.

2. Chain of title examination: Who owns a claim is a question answered by a review of the chain of title in the County records. This involves tracing the claim’s ownership from its original location to the present day by examining deeds, leases, options, and other relevant documents. This process verifies that the claim has been conveyed from one owner to the next and that there are no outstanding liens or encumbrances. I will also confirm that the affidavit of assessment work has been recorded each year in a timely manner.

3. Affidavit of assessment work: Idaho

law states that an affidavit of assessment work is evidence that the owner intends to maintain a claim. It should be recorded by November 1st each year. Though the failure to file the affidavit will not invalidate a claim, it may call into question whether the claim was properly maintained.

4. BLM records research and maintenance fees: While the BLM records are not determinative on claim ownership, it is essential to research BLM records related to each claim. These records provide insights into the claim’s history, ownership, and highlight any regulatory compliance issues that may need

to be addressed. The most important thing to check is whether the maintenance fees have been paid. If they have not, the claim is void.

Why due diligence is essential

The due-diligence process serves several critical purposes:

• Confirming validity: It ensures that the claim documents were filed and recorded correctly, adhering to federal and state legal requirements.

• Protecting your investment: By identifying potential legal issues early on, you can avoid costly disputes and protect your investment.

• Ownership: The chain of title review will tell you whether the person claiming to own the claim really does. If there are red flags, then you need to know them before investing money on the development of the minerals.

• Ensuring compliance: Thorough due diligence helps you understand whether there are potential issues, such as a failure to pay annual maintenance fees or record affidavits of assessment work, to prevent claim forfeiture.

Thorough due diligence is an investment in the long-term success of your mining venture. By examining the legal and technical aspects of each claim, you can mitigate risks, make informed decisions, and ensure a solid foundation for your mining operations.

Peter Smith IV practices in the areas of mining, business, and real estate. In 2015, he co-founded Smith + Malek, an Idahobased business firm that serves the western U.S. He currently serves as an at-large member of the Idaho State Bar Real Property Law Section, is the president of the North Idaho College Foundation, Inc., and is the vice-president of Schweitzer Alpine Racing School, Inc. Smith has applied his breadth of experience in litigation and transactional matters with renewed focus on mining law and is assisting mining companies with claims, leases, and permitting on private, state, and federal land. s

HERCULES’ QUEST FOR COPPER UNDER CUDDY MOUNTAIN CONTINUES

By Chris Paul, CEO & Director

The mythological hero, Hercules, is a story known to most of us.

The Greek and Roman tale has lasted through the ages, largely thanks to his epic feats and daring adventures that have influenced and inspired countless others throughout the centuries. Even today, the Hercules name is associated with strength, determination, resilience and power.

So, what better name for an exploration company and up-and-coming mineral project than Hercules? We like to think there isn’t one.

When our team first entered the toptier mining jurisdiction here in Idaho in 2021, the then Hercules Silver Corp. was determined to rediscover Idaho’s lost silver district. The more than 28,000 meters

of historical drilling in the 1960s through 1980s had left behind significant targets for this versatile mineral. But then, in 2022, during our exploratory drilling of those potential silver targets in Washington County – we struck gold! Actually, it was copper, and our primary objective immediately changed.

Now, we are pleased to reintroduce ourselves as Hercules Metals Corp., an exploration company that is focused on developing America’s newest porphyry copper belt.

Hercules Metals Corp. is diversifying its metals portfolio to include a large, zoned porphyry and a silver-lead-zinc system. Through our two years of aggressive exploratory drilling, we have discovered a series of stacked thrust sheets that hold

Hercules Metals Corp. is an exploration company that is focused on developing America’s newest porphyry copper belt.

rhyolite-hosted silver mineralization, and directly below that lies the massive Leviathan porphyry copper system.

It seems fitting that the Hercules Project holds one of the largest and most important discoveries of copper in our region, especially when the name itself is synonymous with power.

Copper is power.

It is the critical component in circuit boards for phones, computers, and power tools; it is used to make batteries for

electric cars, to run wind turbines and solar energy systems, and it is the base for electrical wiring in homes, appliances and telecommunication links.

Hercules Metals is continuing to identify and develop Washington County’s copper potential because of how crucial this particular development is to the betterment of not just our state, but the entire country. By having a domestic supply of copper, we will help create a more resilient energy system and eliminate our reliance on foreign entities. And while this quest for essential minerals is not easy, Hercules Metals is determined to wholeheartedly continue to tackle this undertaking

through rigorous exploration involving core and reverse circulation drilling, soil sampling, geophysics and field mapping.

We have also been working diligently with the U.S. Forest Service to expand our exploration targets to better understand the Leviathan system’s potential. Just this past summer, we were granted permission to drill-test two additional priority target areas, neither of which have been tested below the depth of shallow epithermal silver mineralization to the underlying Leviathan copper system. These will include up to 15 additional drill sites through the end of August 2025. We will work on an environmental assessment for the entire

Hercules Property to secure a longerterm drill program on these public lands. We want to know just how deep this rare deposit goes.

The story of Hercules is one of endurance and perseverance, a man who willingly embraced the most daunting of missions and bravely stood against all odds. Hercules Metals Corp. embodies those same qualities in its pursuit of mineral discovery. We know the best is yet to be uncovered, and we are determined to be an even stronger company and formidable ally in the continued exploration of the great state of Idaho. s

JOHN DRENNAN

THE CRITICAL MINERAL POTENTIAL OF SEDIMENTARY PHOSPHATE DEPOSITS FROM THE WESTERN PHOSPHATE FIELD OF IDAHO, WYOMING, MONTANA, AND UTAH

By Mark Barton, Virginia Gillerman, Scott Gifford, Idaho Geological Survey

Introduction

The Permian Phosphoria Formation, spanning parts of Idaho, Utah, Wyoming, and Montana, is one of the world’s largest sources of phosphate rock. This area, known as the Western Phosphate Field (WPF), has been mined for phosphorus – a key ingredient in fertilizers – since the early 1900s. Exploration

of the WPF began in the 1890s, as miners and scientists sought to unlock the region’s vast resource potential. Today, our project is building on this rich history, combining traditional exploration data with modern technology to better understand and utilize this critical resource.

The Phosphoria Formation is made up of thick layers of phosphorite, siltstone, carbonate rock, and chert, formed millions of years ago when the region was covered by shallow seas. The richest phosphate deposits are found in two key layers, known as the Meade Peak and Retort Members. In addition to phosphorus, these geological conditions also concentrated valuable minerals like rare earth elements (REEs), vanadium, chromium, and fluorine. While these minerals aren’t currently being mined, the large resource potential and existing mining infrastructure indicate that they could become a significant domestic source of critical materials in the future.

The Earth MRI Western Phosphate Field Study aims to explore this potential further. Funded by the Earth MRI initiative and led by the Idaho Geological Survey in partnership with Montana, Utah, and Wyoming, the study focuses on better understanding the phosphate deposits and their critical mineral content. The project involves three main components: (1) compiling existing geological, geochemical, and geophysical data, (2) collecting new geochemical data, and (3) mapping potential ore zones within the regional stratigraphic framework.

Bringing history into the digital age

We’ve gathered and digitized detailed records from over 300 historic exploration sites, primarily from the US Geological Survey (USGS) exploration programs. This data includes information on rock types, their thickness, and their basic chemical composition. We’ve converted this data into digital LAS files that can be imported into 3D geological modeling programs.

Additionally, we’ve collected geophysical logs – including

Figure 1. Overview map of the Western Phosphate Field, historic geochemical and stratigraphic data, oil and gas well locations, and new data collected during this project.

Figure 2. The Meade Peak Member of the Phosphoria Formation is exposed in an abandoned mine. The Meade Peak Member, a black to brown phosphorite-, siltstone-, and carbonate-rich unit is bound by the browncolored Rex near the top, and the grass covered Wells Formation on the bottom left. This exposure is approximately 200 feet high.

gamma ray, photoelectric, and density logs – from 275 oil and gas wells that intersect the Phosphoria Formation across the WPF. One of our key tools is the gamma log, which measures natural radiation in rocks. The natural radiation corresponds well with the phosphate content in the Phosphoria. This tool allows us to discriminate key lithologies within the Phosphoria Formation. It is also used by the phosphate mining companies in their exploration programs and allows us to extend our 3D modeling across the study area. Combing the historic sampling data and well logs give us a more complete view of the Phosphoria both at the surface and subsurface.

Data collection program

Our project goes beyond revisiting historical data; we’re actively collecting new geologic and geochemical information to assess the potential of rare earth elements (REEs) and other critical minerals in the Phosphoria Formation. Previous research left significant gaps in geochemical data, and our new data collection program aims to fill these gaps. We’re sampling from various locations such as mines, roadcuts, and natural rock exposures. Collaborating with teams in Montana, Utah, and Wyoming, we’ve collected nearly 1500 samples from 37 sites. Our comprehensive sampling program aims to measure, describe, and collect rock samples representing every bed. Collecting high-quality samples

often requires significant trenching because of the soft, erosive nature of these rocks. Some of our best sites have over 200 continuous feet of rock, while others, especially on the margins of the study area, are much thinner. We are especially grateful to Itafos, Bayer, and Nutrien for providing access to their excellent mine exposures and core.

These samples are analyzed by the USGS to determine their chemical content, focusing on REEs and other minerals essential for modern technologies. Alongside this analysis, we’re capturing detailed photographs of each sample and creating visual representations of the study sites. By merging these new findings with historical data, we’re piecing together a comprehensive picture of the WPF.

Figure 4 presents a log of the geochemical data, illustrating the types of ore zones present. Phosphorite, mined from both the upper and lower ore zones, is widespread throughout the section. However, the distribution of critical minerals varies: Vanadium is concentrated in both the upper and lower ore zones, while rare earth elements (REEs) are more enriched in the phosphorites of the central waste zone.

Ore zone stratigraphy and regional distribution

Sequence stratigraphy is employed to define the ore zone stratigraphy. By analyzing well log data – such as gamma ray, re-

We’re sampling from various locations such as mines, roadcuts, and natural rock exposures. Collaborating with teams in Montana, Utah, and Wyoming, we’ve collected nearly 1500 samples from 37 sites.

Figure 3. Auston Sutton (IGS), collects samples through the Meade Peak Member of the Phosphoria Formation in southeast Idaho. We aim to collect uninterrupted channel samples of each bed, effectively capturing a complete geochemical profile across each exposure.

Above: Figure 5. Cross-section illustrating sequence stratigraphic relationships across the Phosphoria Fm that extends from the center of the Meade Peak basin in SW Idaho to its margin in NE Utah. Phosphate deposits that represent potential critical mineral ore zones are shown in pink.

Left: Figure 4. Geochemical log from the Meade Peak Member, Idaho. The log is 180-feet thick with the base on top of the Grandeur Formation and the top at the base of the Rex Chert Formation.

Columns from left to right are: mine stratigraphic subdivisions, rock type (phosphorite-pink, detritus-yellow, chert-green, blue-carbonate-blue, organic matter-grey), P2O5, Vanadium (V), and the Rare Earth Element Enrichment Factor (Ree EF) relative to NASC.

sistivity, and sonic logs – alongside lithologic logs from outcrops, geologists can identify key stratigraphic surfaces, including sequence boundaries, which indicate periods of erosion or non-deposition, and maximum flooding surfaces, which mark the peak of transgression. These surfaces assist in classifying sedimentary units into system tracts – regressive, lowstand, and transgressive – that represent various depositional environments with different potentials for sediment-hosted ore deposits. By correlating these stratigraphic surfaces and facies patterns across multiple wells and logs, geologists can build a 3D model of the sedimentary

basin and map the distribution of sediment-hosted ore bodies within it. This framework enhances the understanding of sedimentary processes and mineralization patterns, thereby aiding in the identification of the most promising areas for exploration and extraction. An example of a sequence stratigraphic interpretation of the ore zone stratigraphy for the Phosphoria Formation is shown in Figure 5. Phosphate deposits that have the potential to host critical minerals are best developed in the transgressive systems tracts.

Why it matters

Understanding the mineral content of the WPF is crucial for identifying resources vital to technology and industry. Our project will highlight the value of these minerals and offer insights for developing new genetic models of metal enrichment in marine chemocline systems that support efficient exploration and development of such deposits. s

THE IDAHO GEOLOGICAL SURVEY: A YEAR IN REVIEW

By Virginia Gillerman, Mark Barton, Scott Gifford, Reed Lewis, Christopher Tate, Claudio Berti, Idaho Geological Survey (IGS)

The mineral industry in Idaho continued to follow trends from 2023 into 2024, driven by favorable precious metal prices, particularly for silver and gold, though criti-

cal commodities like cobalt and lithium experienced significant price declines. Mining activity in the state’s two worldclass districts, the Coeur d’Alene (Silver Valley) and Phosphate district (Figure 1), remained strong. North Idaho’s silver and gold operations, such as Hecla’s Lucky Friday mine and Americas Gold and Silver Corporation’s Galena mine, saw increased productivity, aided by innovations and exploration success. Meanwhile, Bayer, Itafos, and Simplot continued phosphate extraction in southeastern Idaho. However, the industry still faced challenges from lengthy permitting, legal issues, and public perception, all of which weighed on the pace of development.

In the Silver Valley, Hecla’s Lucky Friday mine operated at full capacity with lower costs due to their new UCB (underhand closed bench) mining method. The Galena mine, operated by Americas Gold and Silver, benefited from completion of the Sprott-financed rehabilitation work, a new hoist, and new stopes. The Bunker Hill Mining Corporation continued site cleanup and began constructing facilities needed to restart their historic Bunker Hill mine. Work included upgrading the underground ventilation, building a fine ore bin, and beginning the foundation for a new processing plant in Kellogg. Idaho Strategic Resources increased production at their Golden Chest gold mine in Murray. Their past drilling program was very successful, and the newly discovered H-vein is higher grade (Figure 2).

In the Phosphate district, Simplot, Bayer and Itafos were all operating and shipping phosphate ore to their respective plants. Bayer continued mining the south pit at their Blackfoot Bridge mine with concurrent reclamation (Figure 3). Bayer and the Bureau of Land Management

Figure 1. Map of Idaho mining areas and exploration projects for 2023-2024.

were actively revising the mine plan and Environmental Impact Statement for the Caldwell Canyon project, following a court decision that vacated the original plan in late 2023. Despite this setback, Bayer continued to advance critical engineering and construction efforts, including the installation of a new ore-handling system on private land near their plant. At the same time, Itafos made significant progress by securing a permit for its Husky/N Dry Ridge project in late 2023 and began actively mining N Dry Ridge this summer.

A promising development in late 2023 and into 2024 was Centerra Gold’s deci-

sion to initiate waste stripping for a high wall pushback at the Thompson Creek molybdenum mine in Custer County. This move aims to access the permitted Phase 8 ore. The mine had been placed under care and maintenance in 2014 due to low

molybdenum prices. However, by 2023, molybdenum prices had surged to nearly four times their 2013 levels, prompting Centerra to complete a pre-feasibility study for a phased mine restart. As of September 2024, the spot price of molyb-

Above: Figure 3. Aerial view of Blackfoot Bridge phosphate mine, showing mid pit and south pit.

Right: Figure 2. Underground drill at the Golden Chest mine.

denum was around $30 per pound.

Most of Idaho’s smaller industrial mineral operations remained active, with aggregate producers staying especially busy supplying material for significant construction growth and roadwork. How-

ever, Emerald Creek Garnet in northern Idaho remained inactive. In the Boise area, Table Rock Sandstone, which operates the historic quarry above the city, was sold to a new owner in early 2022. The quarry, known for its high-quality silicified sand-

stone used in building projects and landscaping rock, is now focusing more on the dimension stone market, with several new projects underway in Boise.

Exploration activity for metals, while slower in 2024 due to challenging metal prices and financing, did see some key developments. Notably, Hercules Silver discovered a promising copper porphyry deposit in western Idaho near Cambridge, leading to increased interest and investment. The impressive results from the discovery hole HER-23-05 were confirmed by several subsequent drill holes in 2023. Following this success, Barrick Gold acquired a significant stake in the junior company, and exploration continued through the fall and winter of 2023 into 2024, generating considerable interest and prompting competitors to stake claims across the belt.

Figure 4. High-grade stibnite vein, polished slab from Stibnite Gold project.

Hercules’ surface mapping and IP/ chargeability surveys continued in 2024, identifying new targets and structural trends by July. In June 2024, Hercules Silver rebranded as Hercules Metals Corporation to reflect its newly discovered copper deposit. Drilling to explore the copper zone, located beneath the TriassicJurassic unconformity, persisted throughout spring and summer 2024, despite some drilling challenges through faulted zones. A new permit was secured from the Forest Service to expand property access and widen roads for deep RC drilling. Additionally, Hercules acquired land in the Mineral District to the south.

Several other companies explored Idaho’s accreted terrains, including Scout Discoveries at the IXL property on Cuddy Mountain (just east of Hercules), NevGold, Zeus Mining, and Barrick. Scout also conducted drilling near Elk City at Robbers Gulch in spring 2024.

The long-awaited Final Environmental Impact Statement and Draft Record of Decision for Perpetua’s Stibnite Gold Project were released September 6, 2024. The document authorized the 2021 Modified Mine Plan for their mine in Valley County. This initiated the 45-day appeals process. The NEPA permitting application for the project was initially submitted in 2016, and calls for mining 4.5 million ounces of gold and 148 million pounds of antimony in addition to restoring the heavily impacted historic mining area. The U.S. Department of Defense awarded Perpetua millions of dollars to help jump-start a domestic antimony supply chain. The high-grade antimony-sulfide Stibnite is found in veins throughout the gold-mineralized rock (Figure 4).

Three advanced gold projects in Idaho are transitioning from exploration to permitting:

1. Revival Gold (Beartrack and Arnett Creek properties, Lemhi County):

In 2024, Revival Gold focused on surface mapping, sampling at underexplored areas, and geophysical work. The company is evaluating the economics, permitting needs, and baseline data to potentially restart a heap leach operation.

2. Integra Resources (DeLamar project, Owyhee County):

After releasing a new NI 43-101 technical report and mineral resource estimate in October 2023, Integra submitted a preliminary mine plan to the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) in late 2023. The BLM accepted the plan in June 2024, allowing the NEPA Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) process to begin. The project targets an oxide heap leach for 43 million tons of material, grading 0.3 g/t Au and 11 g/t Ag. Following its 2023 merger with

Millenium, Integra sold a 1.5 per cent net smelter royalty (NSR) to Wheaton Precious Metals Corporation for $10 million in February 2024. In July 2024, Integra merged with Florida Canyon Gold based in Nevada, and continued engineering and planning at DeLamar.

3. Liberty Gold (Black Pine project, Cassia County):

In July 2024, Liberty Gold launched a 20,000-meter reverse circulation drill program after securing an expanded exploration permit from the U.S. Forest Service. Liberty also pursued baseline studies and secured water rights for the project.

Despite high and stable precious metal prices during 2023-2024, cobalt and most

rare earth element prices slumped, negatively impacting projects in the Idaho Cobalt belt. Electra Battery Materials, which holds the Iron Creek Cu-Co project in Lemhi County, halted drilling to focus on completing a cobalt refinery in Ontario, Canada. The process uses “black mass” waste, and eventually, mine feed to produce cobalt sulfate and other products. Electra’s efforts were supported by grants from the Canadian government and a $20 million award from the U.S. Department of Defense under the Defense Production Act in August 2024. Additionally, Electra conducted surface exploration near Iron Creek and found new mineralized zones.

At Jervois Mining’s Idaho Cobalt Op-

Figure 5. Location map showing regional geology of the Cuddy Mountain region, area of geologic mapping (blue outline) and proposed area for USGS Geophysical Survey (red outline).

eration, construction has been suspended since March 2023 due to the low metal price and financing challenges. However, in late 2023, the company resumed drilling at the Sunshine prospect, located just west of the main Blackbird horizons. A $15 million award from the U.S. Department of Defense helped fund this drilling work.

In support of the renewed interest in the Cuddy Mountain region, the Idaho Geological Survey is focusing new efforts in understanding the complex regional geology of the area as terrane correlations, geologic histories, and structure of the region in question are poorly constrained. The Idaho Geological Survey is conducting new geologic mapping in all or parts of seven 7.5’ quadrangles at a scale of 1:36,000 (Figure 5). To augment our geologic mapping objectives, we are collecting rock samples in the Cuddy Mountain region and submitting these samples to the USGS facility in Denver for geochemical characterization and to Boise State University for geochronology.

Field work is being conducted primarily by one geologist currently supported by a University of Idaho post-doc appointment, with assistance from two long-time IGS geologists as needed. IGS mapping strategy involves consolidating and verifying interpretations from six legacy thesis maps, one USGS open file report, and two private industry geologic maps from the region that range in age from 19691987. Field work started in the spring of 2024 and will continue through 2026. Additional analytical work involves geochronologic and isotopic studies to better characterize the terranes, and the age and style of mineralization within them.

This effort directly addresses the EarthMRI goal of inaugurating a government-

Figure 6. Oversized maps of mines in the Silver Valley being prepared for processing in IGS digital archives.

wide effort to strengthen and sustain the nation’s critical mineral supply chains as Mn, Zn, Sb, and Ba, which are listed by the USGS as critical minerals. IGS is also actively pursuing funding for a proposed regional geophysical survey over the larger region (Figure 5). Most of the Cuddy Mountain area is on federal and state land and open for mineral entry. This work will provide baseline science in support of all stakeholders for any future development in the Cuddy Mountain area.

For over 15 years, IGS, in conjunction with the Idaho Department of Lands and U.S. Geological Survey, has been involved with digital data preservation activities. These efforts have resulted in the scanning of historic mine maps, assays, geologic and mine reports, images, and drillhole maps, amounting to over 20,000 documents including digitized video files. All are available for download at no cost to the public. Data preservation efforts at IGS have resulted in millions of dollars of investment in the state of Idaho from the mining industry, particularly during exploration. Other users of IGS data preservation products include students, academics, historians, anthropologists, genealogists, hobby miners, gem collectors, and state and federal agencies.

Web map applications are the primary portal for discovering and obtaining data concerning Idaho mines, and oil and gas extraction and exploration activities. A new option on the web app allows users to filter for critical minerals, which are present at roughly one-third of the mines and prospects in Idaho. Additional LAS files are available for more oil and gas wells, and these too can now be filtered on the web app.

The IGS continued cataloging and processing an extensive collection of material donated by Don Adair, an exploration geologist who worked extensively in Idaho for decades. Processing of documents is currently underway for sites of interest to industry from Weiser to Cuprum, including the Almaden, Blue Dog, IXL, and Hercules properties. The Survey finished reviewing previously cataloged material for Idaho properties in the Pullman 1°x2° USGS quad. This marks the end of

a multi-year project to review material in each quadrangle. In another ambitious data preservation endeavor, IGS collected a donation of several thousand oversized maps of mines in the Silver Valley (Figure 6). Processing of these is expected to begin next year.

For more information on any of the ongoing projects or products and databases released by IGS, please visit the Survey’s webpage at www.idahogeology.org. s

IDAHO STRATEGIC RESOURCES, INC.

Idaho Strategic plans to expand its rare earth elements exploration efforts in 2025 to build on its successful exploration programs the prior two years.

A profitable gold producer with nationally recognized critical minerals exploration projects – all located in Idaho

Idaho Strategic Resources, Inc. (NYSE American: IDR) produces gold at its 100 percent owned Golden Chest Mine located in the historic Murray Gold Belt District adjacent to the worldrenowned Silver Valley Mining District. While the Golden Chest Mine sits on approximately 220 acres, Idaho Strategic owns and controls more than 7,000 acres of land (1,500 acres of private land and 5,800 acres of unpatented claims) comprising nearly all of the historic Murray Gold Belt District. Given Idaho Strategic’s profitability and in-house exploration and mine development expertise, the company has the potential to organically grow its operations to include multiple mines within the Murray Gold Belt District and elsewhere.

In addition to gold production and ongoing gold exploration, Idaho Strategic is the largest rare earth elements landholder in

the United States with approximately 18,000 acres of mineral claims spread across three separate projects: Lemhi Pass, Mineral Hill, and Diamond Creek. Idaho Strategic plans to expand its rare earth elements exploration efforts in 2025 to build on its successful exploration programs the prior two years. The company’s Lemhi Pass project has displayed a unique mix of rare earth elements that includes nearly 60 percent magnet rare earth elements enrichment in samples that range from one percent to greater than five percent total rare earth oxides (TREO).

At the company’s Mineral Hill project, exploration efforts have returned numerous repeatable rare earth elements grades in excess of 30 percent TREO. All three of Idaho Strategic’s rare earth elements projects are listed in the United States’ National Critical Minerals Inventory and are well documented in a number of

In addition to gold production and ongoing gold exploration, Idaho Strategic is the largest rare earth elements landholder in the United States with approximately 18,000 acres of mineral claims spread across three separate projects.

United States Geological Survey reports. In addition to rare earth elements, the company’s Lemhi Pass project is also highly regarded as the United States’ largest source of thorium resources – a mineral that serves as a potentially safer and much more environmentally friendly fuel source for next-generation nuclear reactors.

Given the company’s diverse and substantial mineral assets, combined with its focus on the long game, Idaho Strategic is replicating the successful business plans that were once the accepted norm in the mining industry. This includes a focus on running a lean operation designed to maximize free cashflow to allow for organic expansion potential without the risk of falling victim to institutional pressures or an over-levered balance sheet. Idaho Strategic has a number of father-son, uncle-nephew, husbandwife, and various sets of brothers working together at the company, and nearly all of Idaho Strategic’s 55 employees live in the communities near its mining operations. The company enjoys the strategic value from both an environmental stewardship and mine safety perspective of employing local families – an advantage that is quickly acknowledged by outsiders while visiting the company’s operations and interacting with Idaho Strategic’s employees.

Overall, the company’s production-based exploration business plan has led to eight consecutive quarters of GAAP profitability while funding the discovery of numerous additional areas of potential mine production at the Golden Chest Mine, including both the high-grade H-Vein and the recently discovered Red Star Vein. And all while funding the construction of a paste backfill plant at the mine, which the company expects will serve as the future home of its planned flotation mill onsite.

Please visit idahostrategic.com to learn more.s

NEW LOOK AT AN OLD DISTRICT

The concept of returning to old mining districts is not new to the mining industry as an exploration tool; however, an interesting project development template is emerging in Idaho.

The first discovery of gold in Idaho occurred in 1860 and mineral activities were prolific well into the early 1900s. Silver Valley, Orogrande, Simpson, Florence, Dixie, Salmon River Canyon, and many others were lucrative mining districts, some remain active today. Mineral patents were issued throughout these mineral districts. In many cases, districts were active into the early 1900s until U.S. Order L-208 was issued by the U.S. War Production Board on December 7, 1942 (Second World War), which shut down all gold mines in America. Many of these districts have had little or no interest or activity since that time.

Patented lands can be found through-

out these mining districts, which provides an interesting template for modern exploration and mine development.

A good example of a “New Look at an Old District” is the Simpson District which was mainly a placer mining area operated along the Salmon River near Riggins, Idaho. When placer gold resources ran out and prospectors started to search for the mother lode it resulted in numerous lode discoveries, including the present-day McKinley Mine.

The McKinley deposit was discovered in the late 1890s and was patented around 1910. Early mine development created nearly 2,000 feet of workings on five levels that all intercepted gold mineralized zones. The history of mining activities was not well documented, but it is reported that mining averaged 10 ounces per ton. Activities were suspended some time prior to or due to Order L-208. Evaluation of these deposits by prospectors

were limited following the Second World War.

The project is currently in early-stage development, managed by Klepfer Mining Services, LLC (KMS) for McKinley Mine Inc. There are approximately 70 acres of patented mining claims within the boundaries of a private land holding. McKinley Mine is considered a narrow vein gold system and recent sampling efforts have verified high-grade occurrences (+3 ounces per ton) in the existing workings.

What makes McKinley Mine standout? Patented lands and underground mining projects in Idaho provide for a higher level of certainty regarding project permitting and schedules. Permitting strategies can be developed to address air, water, and reclamation through the State of Idaho, rather than the more complex and lengthy federal permitting processes on public lands.

Many historic mining districts lie within

Left: Historic Raise, McKinley Mine. Historic Upper Portal, McKinley Mine.

The McKinley deposit was discovered in the late 1890s and was patented around 1910. Early mine development created nearly 2,000 feet of workings on five levels that all

large tracts of public lands. This provides an opportunity to expand resource potential from private lands onto public lands. Staging mineral development from private patented claims to unpatented public lands can help launch a project while minimizing regulatory permitting.

Subsurface mineral activities on unpatented claims starting from private land, can generally be exempt from federal permitting programs.

These projects tend to have highergrade resource potential, and often the

mineral resources have not been fully exploited. Existing mine workings are generally available for exploration and used for initial mine development and production.

McKinley Mine has extensive workings that provide quick and cost-effective access for both exploration and eventual mine development. Qualities like these can allow projects to be brought into small-scale production sooner and at potentially lower capital costs.

Private investors are generally skepti-

cal of public land projects; however, developing private land first can generate cashflow quickly, create early investment returns, and support expanding resources on adjacent unpatented mining claims. This approach reduces uncertainty in future permitting delays.

Successful demonstration of this template can be applied numerous times and gain investor interest. Identifying quality resources and building a highly experienced team to tackle the challenges are the key to success. s

AT PERPETUA RESOURCES, CHARTING OUR FUTURE IS FOUND IN OUR PAST

By Mckinsey Lyon, VP of External Affairs

At Perpetua Resources, we have a bold vision for the future of mining – and it’s a future that’s rooted in our past.

The Stibnite Mining District, which is home to our site, saw over 100 years of mining. Our site supplied the antimony and tungsten that sustained the war effort during the Second World War.

Stibnite’s history is something we’re very proud of, however, there’s another side of the coin: a full century of mostly unregulated mining left behind serious environmental challenges that continue to impact the site to this day.

When you look at Stibnite, you see problems. Millions of tons of legacy waste and tailings sit unconstrained, leaching arsenic and antimony into the water. The East Fork South Fork of the Salmon River flows directly into an abandoned mining

pit, which has blocked fish migration to miles of prime spawning habitat for more than 80 years. And throughout the site, habitat conditions are degraded and in desperate need of repair.

We knew all of this from the outset. Rather than running from it, we used the site’s legacy to propel our future. From the beginning, our motto has been “restore the site.”

We have an opportunity to rewrite the legacies of the past, and we believe that the future of responsible American mining lies in places like Stibnite.

The Stibnite Gold Project is a first-ofits-kind mining project that doesn’t simply return the site to reclamation standard – it restores it.

Our project will remove and safely store millions of tons of legacy mine waste and

tailings that are polluting the river. We will reconnect fish to miles of their spawning grounds for the first time in over 80 years. And we will leave Stibnite better than we found it.

The Stibnite Gold Project is a win-winwin. Our project will restore the environment; it will produce one of the highestgrade and lowest-cost U.S. sources of gold and the only domestically mined source of the critical mineral antimony, which we need for national defense and clean energy. And it will benefit Idaho’s communities for a generation to come.

That’s the beauty of the Stibnite Gold Project: it is all of the above. The gold and antimony resources we have in Idaho are nothing short of incredible, and we are proud to propose a project that will mine those resources responsibly and ethically

Yellow Pine Pit.

Riparian Channel around the Spent Ore Disposal area.

right here in the Gem State.

In terms of our permitting timeline, we have reached the final countdown.

In September 2024, we received our Final Environmental Impact Statement and Draft Record of Decision authorizing our mine plan after 14 years of community engagement and scientific study, and our Final Record of Decision is scheduled to be handed down at the end of 2024.

From the very beginning, we’ve used our history to path-find our future. Perpetua has worked incredibly hard to bring this vision to life, and we have never been closer to making it a reality.

The Stibnite Gold Project comes with a deep, ingrained sense of responsibility: responsibility to the land, to the community, and to the place we are so fortunate to call home.

Responsible, modern mining can address the mining legacies of the past, and we are ready to move forward. We are proud to be a company that, at our core, is committed to doing this right. s

Restore an abandoned mine site

Produce American-made critical minerals

Create a more secure future.

MONEY METALS OPENS EAGLE-BASED GOLD DEPOSITORY LARGER THAN FORT KNOX

Idaho now has its very own Fort Knox, only substantially larger.

After three years of planning and construction, Money Metals has opened its state-of-the-art 37,000-square-foot vaulting and fulfillment facility in Eagle, Idaho. Nestled into the base of the Boise Foothills, Money Metals’ high-security gold and silver storage compound cost $28 million to construct, has the capacity to hold upwards of $100 billion in gold and silver, and can be further expanded to 60,000 square feet.

Built on a 3.2-acre lot adjacent to city and county police and emergency services, the new depository offers an extremely secure location for individuals, businesses, family offices, governments, and financial institutions across the globe to store highvalue precious metals assets. Embedded into the facility are advanced security measures, around-the-clock monitoring, secure access controls, a security team composed of armed former law enforcement and military personnel, and third-party audits and insurance to ensure the highest standards of integrity and protection.

Money Metals’ Class 3 vault is the largest in North America,

Money Metals has opened its state-of-the-art 37,000-squarefoot vaulting and fulfillment facility in Eagle, Idaho.

providing nearly 9,000 square feet in ultra-secure storage space, more than twice the capacity as the United States Bullion Depository at Fort Knox, Kentucky (Class 3 is the highest possible vault rating possible in accordance with Underwriter’s Laboratory [UL] standards).

The opening of this new depository for storage of gold and silver in the Gem State has already attracted attention from industry players across the U.S. and internationally, not only because of its size but also because most depositories are located in the major financial centers of the northeast United States.

“We’ve seen growing demand for storage of precious metals in a location that is independent of, and removed from, Wall Street, the federal government, and the big banking centers,” said Stefan Gleason, president and CEO of Money Metals. “Idaho is perceived as a safer location than the northeast U.S. for a variety of reasons, including the fact that it is a generally pro-freedom state with less intrusive government, a heavily armed citizenry, and lower levels of crime.”

Since its founding in 2010, Money Metals has expanded dramatically over time, establishing itself as one of the leading pre-

Money Metals offers low-cost storage options for bullion coins, rounds, ingots, and bars with comprehensive protection against theft, loss, and damage – and robust insurance backed by Lloyd’s of London. Storage through Money Metals Depository is generally more cost-effective and secure than bank safety deposit boxes, other storage facilities, and personal home safes.

cious metals dealers in the U.S. and conducting nearly $5 billion in transactions to date. A family-owned business, Money Metals began as a tiny operation with a single employee located in the historic Eagle Hotel and has since grown into an internationally recognized precious metals dealer with 100 employees. Money Metals currently delivers as many as 40,000 gold and silver orders each month and has already served nearly 750,000 customers in North America.

“Because we’ve made the process to buy, sell, and/or store precious metals so seamlessly, Money Metals is now able to handle the transactions, storage, and other needs of hundreds of thousands of customers each year,” said Gleason. “The need for this massive new depository is a testament to the significant and growing demand for physical gold and silver coming from Americans who seek refuge from the deliberate federal policy of currency debasement.”

With its extensive product inventory, fast shipping, superior customer service, and high-volume sales, Money Metals has been named Best Overall Online Precious Metals Dealer by Investopedia multiple times and has maintained an A+ rating by the Better Business Bureau (BBB). Money Metals offers low-cost storage options for bullion coins, rounds, ingots, and bars with comprehensive protection against theft, loss, and damage – and robust insurance backed by Lloyd’s of London. Storage through Money Metals Depository is generally more cost-effective and secure than bank safety deposit boxes, other storage facilities, and personal home safes.

The vision behind this massive facility was also driven by the observation that most of the legacy depositories are poorly run, plagued by slow processing times, high costs, and limited customer service.

“We realized there was a big opportunity to do things better and capture market share,” Gleason said. “We’re able to offer an array of services to precious metals investors in a seamless manner, all under one roof.”

The new depository is expected to impact the community positively by creating additional employment opportunities and bringing prestige to the area.

“While our focus is national in scope, we already serve thousands of Idaho and Treasure Valley gold and silver investors seeking a secure and high-class operation with which to do business,” Gleason said.

Looking ahead, Gleason noted that they see lots of growth coming in the precious metals market, as well as general awareness of how gold and silver are useful as financial insurance.

In addition to buying, selling, and securely shipping or storing precious metals, Money Metals offers monthly purchase plans and assists with Individual Retirement Accounts (IRAs), allowing investors to include physical precious metals in their retirement portfolios. Meanwhile, Money Metals is a leading news and education hub in the precious metals space. The company also offers collateralized loans and leads sound money public policy efforts across the United States.

The construction project involved key partners who contributed to the project’s success. Wright Brothers Construction Company served as the general contractor while Zions Bank provided financing. Other notable vendors and industry specialists involved in the project include Erstad Architects, Integrated Security Resources, The Land Group, Musgrove Engineering, Global Risk Evaluations, American Special Risk, American Vault Corporation, and Lloyd’s of London. s

BIG PRODUCTION GAINS FROM SMALL FUELING PROCESS IMPROVEMENTS

Market forces continue to demand that the mining industry learn to do more with less. Fuel is a mining operations largest variable cost, however; very little focus is placed on the fueling process or even tracking where the fuel is going. FlowTech works with its customers to develop a customized and comprehensive plan to improve the fueling process from delivery, to bulk storage, to equipment refueling, to inventory tracking and reconciliation. Fueling process improvement offers mining operations a unique opportunity to easily eliminate fuel waste while maximizing efficiency.

Established in 2001, FlowTech Fueling is the leader in fueling process improvement. Our patented Fuel Overfill Prevention Systems, large-scale Mobile Fueling Depots, and FlowTran Fuel Management Systems are designed to meet the challenges of harsh mining environments. With several decades of mining ex-

FlowTech works with its customers to develop a customized and comprehensive plan to improve the fueling process from delivery, to bulk storage, to equipment refueling, to inventory tracking and reconciliation.

perience, FlowTech’s expertise and dedication to customer service is second to none.

Installing our non-pressure Fuel Overfill Prevention Systems on your mobile equipment will eliminate fuel spillage, improve personnel safety, reduce tank maintenance, and minimize environmental impacts. With over 2,000 systems installed on mobile equipment throughout the U.S. and Canada, FlowTech’s Systems provide ease of installation, reliability, low maintenance, and are backed by excellent service with an absolute commitment to customer satisfaction.

FlowTech Mobile Fuel Depots provide the efficiency and flexibility of a high-flow, multi-station fueling facility with the added benefit of easily moving it as the mine plan requires. Our Mobile Fuel Depots are extremely customizable with various options for fuel storage capacity and fueling station configurations. A large

FlowTech Fueling is the leader in fueling process improvement.

Inset: FlowTech Mobile Fuel Depots provide the efficiency and flexibility of a high-flow, multi-station fueling facility with the added benefit of easily moving it as the mine plan requires.

copper mine that recently installed two FlowTech Fuel Depots decreased refueling times by nearly 50 percent on their fleet of 240-ton class haul trucks, improving production by over 8,000 tons per shift. The return on investment was less than six months.

The FlowTran Fluid Management System tracks receipts, dispensing, and inventories of fuel and lubricants for seamless, condition-based decision making. The system optimizes refueling, minimizes human error, and provides clear reports for maintenance supervisors and warehouse personnel. Clients can finetune equipment maintenance based on fuel burn rather than operating hours. The system is capable of preventing unauthor-

ized fueling and provides real-time high/low-level alerts on bulk fuel storage tanks. The FlowTran System is easily customizable to meet the specific needs of each site.

Finding ways to constantly increase productivity while adhering to strict safety and environmental standards can be challenging. Whether it be our Fuel Overfill Prevention Systems, Mobile Fuel Depots, or our FlowTran Fluid Management System, we make it easy for any operation to boost efficiency quickly without a huge capital expenditure so your operation can do more with less. s

Above:

PERMITTING A MINE NEEDS TO BE OVER-PLANNED

The mine permitting process is just that, a process. The average time from resource discovery to mine production is 13 years in the U.S., according to S&P Global Market Intelligence. And while that number can seem daunting to exploration, junior development, and even senior production companies, it doesn’t have to be.

When embarking on the path of mineral discovery, the best strategy is to always look to the future – and then meticulously plan for every version of it.

Phosphate mining is a century-long tradition in southeast Idaho. Our team at Itafos Conda is proud to have been a part of

By Braden Lott, Project Manager, Mining and Reclamation; and Robert Mullener, Director of Exploration, Permitting and Reclamation

the continuous mining and manufacturing of phosphate fertilizer for nearly four decades. This non-stop operation has not been without concerted efforts, though. Because while there is still plenty of phosphate left to discover in Caribou County, we would be nowhere without constantly preparing to answer this question: what’s next?

Rasmussen Valley is Itafos Conda’s current primary mining operation. However, this production is slowly winding down as it reaches the end of its mine life. Instead of sitting idly by during Ras Valley’s run, our permitting team has been diligently planning for our next project – Husky 1/

North Dry Ridge (H1/NDR). In April 2024, after years of detailed development and community engagement, H1/NDR received the Record of Decision (ROD) from the U.S. Bureau of Land Management, and then in May 2024, the Notice to Proceed (NTP) was issued. And since then, our construction teams have hit the ground running to get H1/NDR up and ready for phosphate ore extraction.

This may seem fast, and frankly, it is. The U.S. mine permitting process is extremely rigid and for good reason. Our nation has the strictest environmental standards for mining and reclamation and includes some of the most stringent requirements

Braden Lott. Rob Mullener.

Itafos Conda pit development.

to protect the health and safety of our workers. Our industry has extremely high criteria to meet, and so our processes take longer. We shouldn’t look at this as a bad thing. Instead, anyone who wants to permit a mine should take this as an opportunity to thoroughly plan ahead, begin to implement best management practices, and simultaneously look for ways to improve.

From one mining company to another, here are some tips we’ve learned to make the mine permitting process smoother. Discovering a viable mineral deposit that is economically feasible is just the beginning. Should you decide to chase that deposit, the company’s next steps should include early engagement with state and federal agencies. The Bureau of Land Management, U.S. Forest Service, Idaho Department of Lands, and Idaho Department of Environmental Quality need to be kept in the loop. Direct and open communication with these agencies is beneficial for several reasons. Everything will evolve as you go because your Mine Plan of Operations (MPO) will become more comprehensive as you further study the deposit, the land, and the numbers. That means engineering will need modifications, the environmental monitoring plans will be adjusted, and the reclamation process will be reworked. Staying in consistent contact with the agencies throughout the initial permitting, ancillary permitting, and bonding process can streamline the entire process. This is not advocating that you’re working through every problem together

but rather engaging in conversation to avoid surprises for both the company and the agencies. This engagement can help avoid rework and set paths forward in the right direction.

It’s important to remember that our state agencies are on our side. They want the mining industry to succeed because our success is their success. Incorporating their expertise on components such as bonding, timber, water and lease assignments can make the NEPA process a manageable task rather than an unsurmountable undertaking.

Once a company receives a ROD that approves the development of your project, the work does not stop. Companies should consider investing capital into furthering their mine engineering and infrastructure plans, as well as begin to seriously detail costs out to feasibilitylevel designs. Refine your AACE class estimates for your knowns and unknowns. As you get through design and logistics to solidify your MPO, chase the numbers. Detail everything, from contractor hours to concrete costs. Have as much up-todate information in place as you can. This comprehensive planning can make you as successful as possible within the shortest amount of time.

Finally, create a realistic schedule from when you are issued a NTP to when ore can be extracted. But the important note here is to plan for and anticipate changes.

The construction phase needs time. Time to build haul roads and loadout facilities, constructing maintenance shops and

office space, setting up blasting sites and getting stockpiles ready. Time to allow for timber or vegetation to be removed, growth media to be stripped, and for the pit to undergo development. Construction windows for ensuring efficient progress are challenged with varying issues. Examples could include, but not be limited to, managing surface water runoff, seasonal construction, and avoiding migratory bird nesting season. Taking into consideration these challenges is when all your planning ahead will shine.

As Itafos Conda gets H1/NDR ready for production, it has taken us time to work out all the hiccups that were conceptually sound on paper but just didn’t translate to the field. But our team is well equipped to handle change. We have contacts at the agencies who are ready to take our calls; we have cost estimates prepared for if we need another vendor; we have a backup plan ready if our other backup plan fails.

There is no secret path through NEPA –and for how much good it does to protect our people and our environment, we know the best path forward is simply through. By doing our due diligence to over prepare for every possibility, and by taking advantage of the time given instead of bemoaning it, our operations continue to flourish in Caribou County.

Husky 1/North Dry Ridge may be just getting started, but Itafos Conda already has its sights set on the next resource deposit. And you can bet our team is planning now for every possible step forward. s

Tipple loadout for ore stockpile. Box cut pit development.

Tipple loadout for ore stockpile.

WHY IT’S TIME TO STEP OUT OF THE ECHO CHAMBER AND INTO THE SPOTLIGHT

TBy Christopher Longton, exploration geologist, and Tim Arnold, mining engineer

oday’s advanced world owes its existence to mining. The materials we find and produce feed our very way of life. And while the importance of mining cannot be overstated, it seems that many people are largely unaware of the industry’s existence, let alone its magnitude. Those outside of our industry treat the materials in their everyday lives like the food they get from the grocery store – they don’t think about where the things come from as long as they have what they want, when they want it.

Those of us within the industry fervently support the business because we understand what’s involved and what’s at stake. There are and have been countless groups posting YouTube video series (some quite excellent) and making concerted efforts on social media to talk about the impactful things we miners do: strong commitments to environmental protections, quality educational opportunities, expanding into communities that haven’t historically seen mining as an option for a viable career. These are all excellent messages.

It’s time to face the truth, though – what we are saying is right, but where we are saying it just doesn’t seem to be working.

If we want broad support, we need to break out of our echo chamber and change the entire conversation. We cannot rely on social media posts shared and reshared by just our colleagues. We need to be creative and reach further afield to get our message across to people outside the industry and showcase what makes today’s mining different.

Our story is one that should be shared widely. We are the first link in all global supply chains, providing essential raw materials that power industries across the globe. Mining fuels the modern world – agriculture, infrastructure, technology, energy, and con-

sumer goods all rely on the minerals mining provides. Mining jobs offer a pathway to achieve the American dream. The U.S. has some of the most rigorous environmental standards in the world. Modern reclamation and restoration work ensures we make a temporary impact, and we are committed to keeping our wild areas pristine.

So, once we convince our fellow Americans that there is a need for mining, there is still another obstacle we have to tackle –changing the connotation of the word “mining.”

When the average person hears the word “mining,” the images conjured are often negative – past miner’s environmental destruction, the atrocities committed by mines overseas, and the “bad guy” depictions in television and movies (Avatar, anyone?).

This is where we need to begin leading the conversation. For years, we did our work with our heads buried in the sand, only popping up on the defense when something went wrong. This needs to change. We have every right to be proud of what we do, and we need to be more vocal about this essential work in the public space. If our detractors won’t start an open conversation with us, we need to reach out to them and make the introduction.

This means we need to put our money where our mouth is and start sharing our message, LOUDLY. Mining needs to be a common part of public discourse. Mining needs to be depicted positively in popular culture, be seen on TV commercials during big games, be heard talking to reporters on the local news, and be portrayed the same as any other profession. In short, we need to normalize mining so that we aren’t some big, bad “other.” We need to invest in our message, blast it out through every avenue, get our leaders in government and media to understand and support it, and then continue to stand proud behind our industry.

Christopher Longton. Tim Arnold.

These actions will draw backlash, but we cannot be intimidated by it. We are damned strong and can use that strength to be a united force that is willing to reiterate our positive message, over and over again.

We must focus on finding ways to build new bridges. For example, to transition to a clean energy future, we need significantly more mining. Mining is a proponent for a clean energy future. Domestic minerals are needed to build that energy-efficient car or solar panel. U.S. domestic mining is held to a higher standard compared to most other industries, with rigorous environmental requirements and a workforce that is dedicated to simply doing what is right. We need to start talking about all of this with everyone, so we can meet in the middle and build those relationships with those who we may not have spoken with before.

We can’t stop there. From the marble steps of the Idaho State Capitol all the way to Capitol Hill, we need to be focused on strong policy – and not politics. Bipartisan support for modern mining practices is crucial to taking our message beyond the confines of our usual discussions. Leaders from all political backgrounds need to feel that they can rally around mining because their constituents understand that domestic mining serves our nation’s best

interests by reducing dependence on foreign entities, particularly from countries that may not share our values. The Mining Schools Act of 2023 is a great start. This bipartisan congressional legislation means both sides of the aisle are working together to meet the needs of our workforce by helping expand public mining education, training, and research.

But it is just that: a start. We can build on that.

The mining industry also needs to ask for help. Continue involving local voices, diverse communities, and interested stakeholders in discussions about the benefits and challenges of mining. Host community meetings, conduct educational outreach, and foster collaborative partnerships with local organizations. By breaking down silos and creating a dialogue that includes various perspectives, we can build a stronger, more informed consensus on the significance of mining.

Mining deserves a seat at the table in conversations about our future. As Idaho miners, let’s unmute our voices and commit to starting a public dialogue that reflects the reality of modern mining and its indispensable role in our lives.

It’s time we miners step into the spotlight. s

McCALLUM ROCK DRILLING PROJECT HIGHLIGHT

The Idaho Transportation Department planned to construct a new and improved 6.5-mile road alignment of U.S. Route 95 from Thorn Creek, north of Genessee, into Moscow, Idaho. This would shift the highway less than a mile to the east and expand it from two lanes to four, enhancing safety for all users by utilizing flatter grades, fewer approaches, and less severe curves.

McCallum Rock Drilling was subcontracted to provide drilling and blasting services of over one million yards of rock excavation in cuts upwards of 80 feet in depth. Side slopes in the rock excavation area were laid back on a 1:1 slope. We also knew water gathering in blast holes would be a factor on this job due to the season-

ality of the project. Therefore, we used pumpable emulsion to not only counter wet ground conditions, but also to maximize hole patterns otherwise not attainable with other explosives products.

The drilling consisted of three drill rigs to bore holes and one-to-two blast crews depending on each blast size. Our crew utilized GPS equipment and drone technology to track blast volumes and perform blast hole layout, keeping the drills moving forward uninterrupted and the project on schedule. Drone technology was used to record each blast and the videos were utilized for safety, quality control purposes, and multimedia marketing.

In addition, McCallum Powder handled explosives delivery to the project and inventory of all explosive products used for

McCallum Rock Drilling was subcontracted to provide drilling and blasting services of over one million yards of rock excavation in cuts upwards of 80 feet in depth to the U.S. Route 95 road alignment project.

the project. Blast sizes were designed to utilize one, two, or three full 23,000-pound trucks of explosives, including required accessories such as blasting caps, boosters, delays, and lead lines. We also used a skid steer to transfer 1⁄2-3⁄4 clean gravel from delivery storage to the blast holes for back stemming loaded blast holes.

We drilled a total of 12,056 holes and blasted 1,332,367 total cubic yards of material over the entirety of the project. The project required 1,641,490 total pounds of emulsion.

“The project had its challenges with the changing weather conditions and changing geology but, overall, it went well,” said Scott Price, McCallum Rock Drilling regional manager. s

IT STARTS IN THE SCHOOLS

HBy Lisa Ross, Vice President & Chief Financial Officer, Revival Gold

ave you ever seen news footage of an anti-mining protest? How much do you cringe when you hear protestors say that mining destroys the Earth while they talk into a microphone made with iron, copper, nickel, neodymium and plastic? Until building materials can be produced from non-Earth sources, our industry is invaluable to humanity.

With the U.S. dependent on foreign countries for most of their metals and minerals, Idaho is in an excellent position to be at the forefront of promoting responsible mining. Arguably, the most impactful place to educate our nation is in schools, and thankfully, it has already started.

An example includes Revival Gold’s chief geologist, Dan Pace,

teaching 20 students a minerals class at Salmon High School. He brought in rocks, drill core, and metal ingots and used them to discuss the different types of ore, the metals they produce, the uses of those metals, and where they are mined and processed. Pace also discussed why certain parts of the world have metal deposits and how geologists find them.

The Education Committee of Women in Mining Idaho rolled out new interactive labs at two high schools and three elementary schools in North Idaho, with approximately 200 elementary students and 90 high school students participating. They also participated in a multi-school career fair in the Silver Valley with 500 high school students. The scholarship committee awarded $500

Christopher Longton.

John Meyer, VP engineering & development, Revival Gold with the American Society for Metals at Boise State University.

Steve Priesmeyer, VP exploration, Revival Gold at University of Idaho.

scholarships to two high school students that are pursuing postsecondary education in a mining-related field.

To educate elementary and high school teachers, BSU’s School of Materials Science & Engineering hosts a “teacher’s camp” to introduce teachers to methods that make math and science principles more enticing to students. Professors at BSU also host materials, resources, and sustainability seminars, with the recordings available online.

At the state level, February 2, 2024 was Idaho Mining Day at the capitol where several companies met and presented to policymakers and stakeholders with a specific focus on advancing Idaho projects and supporting Idaho communities.

John Meyer, Revival’s VP engineering & development and Idaho Mining Association board member, participated in the 2023 IMA DC Fly-in. In addition to meeting with Senator Jim Risch and Congressman Mike Simpson, the group met with senior leaders at the BLM, Department of Interior, the White House Council on Environmental Quality, the Federal Permitting Improvement Steering Council, and the National Forest System, USFS.

These are but a few of the educational initiatives taking place in Idaho. Thanks to all those who volunteer their time and funds to participate.

Not everyone can meet with elected officials to discuss why mining is important, but what if you participated in a career fair at your child’s school? Your child may know how important mining is to our lives, but their classmates might get their information from less knowledgeable sources. For example, you can search any streaming service and within seconds you will find anti-mining films. Educating students about the invaluable role of mining in society and increasing their interest in pursuing mining careers is our best strategy at strengthening our industry, and we can all support that effort by simply spending more time talking with kids about what we do every day. s

PURSUING A REVIVAL IN GOLD

NORTHFINDER DOWNHOLE SURVEY TOOL SIGNIFICANT ADVANCEMENT FOR THE MINING INDUSTRY

The NorthFinder downhole survey tool, now in its second generation, represents a significant advancement in borehole surveying technology for the mining industry. This tool is designed for high performance in demanding conditions and offers unparalleled accuracy and efficiency in a market-leading slimline 35-millimeter package, making it an ideal choice for challenging environments where precision is paramount.

At the heart of the NorthFinder is a high-accuracy fiberoptic gyro (FOG) module, which is seamlessly integrated with a continuous navigation MEMS module. This combination delivers exceptional versatility, catering to high-end survey applications that require both reliability and adaptability. The system excels in deep vertical sections in all survey configurations, making it particularly suitable for mining operations where these conditions are increasingly common.

One of the standout features of the NorthFinder is its onboard real-time processing capability. As the tool operates within the

borehole, it performs continuous data processing, enabling ultra-high navigation sampling rates. This real-time capability not only enhances accuracy but also significantly reduces the time required for data download and presentation, allowing for quick decision-making on site.

In tandem with the NorthFinder, the SurveySafe system offers a cutting-edge cloud-based data management solution that perfectly complements the survey tool. SurveySafe is tailored to meet the demands of modern mining operations, where 24/7 access to survey data is crucial. As operations span across multiple time zones, the need for immediate data availability and secure management becomes essential. SurveySafe addresses this need by automatically uploading survey data to the cloud as soon as an Internet connection is available. This ensures data is readily accessible for review and action, regardless of where the survey is conducted.

What sets SurveySafe apart is its flexibility and user-friendliness. Unlike other systems that may lock users into proprietary

tools, SurveySafe is designed to integrate seamlessly with existing workflows, allowing data from any survey system to be managed and shared securely. This open approach ensures mining companies can continue using their preferred planning and analysis software without disruption, all while benefiting from the hyper-secure content collaboration powered by FileCloud.

In comparison to other industry solutions, the combination of NorthFinder and SurveySafe offers a superior experience for mining professionals. The integration of these two systems provides a seamless, efficient, and secure survey process that outperforms other offerings in terms of accuracy, data accessibility, and ease of use. With NorthFinder and SurveySafe, mining operations can

achieve higher productivity and make informed decisions faster, ensuring a competitive edge in the industry.

Features and benefits

• Market-leading slimline 35-millimeter diameter

• Singleshot & multishot northfinding

• Continuous wireline surveying

• Realtime downhole processing

• SurveySafe cloud data management

• Low power consumption

RockTech USA in Coeur d’Alene, Idaho is the U.S. distributor of the Inertial Sensing products: sale, rent and support. For more information, please contact them at www.rocktechusa.com. s

INTEGRA RESOURCES AND THE IDAHO STEM ECOSYSTEM:

ENGAGING STAKEHOLDERS THROUGH STEM HUBS

By ReBekha Lulu, Southwest Idaho STEM Hub Coordinator

Are you looking for ways to connect with schools, libraries, non-profits, and other organizations in the communities in which you operate? Are you looking to kickstart your stakeholder outreach programs, but aren’t sure where to start? Then consider the Idaho STEM Ecosystem (EcosySTEM) as your partner. EcosySTEM is a statewide network dedicated to enhancing STEM education and workforce development through collaborative partnerships between industries, educators, and community organizations. Through the regional EcosySTEM Hubs, industry partners have access to engagement opportunities across Idaho.

One such opportunity was STEM Day at the Western Idaho Fair, led by the Southwest Idaho STEM Hub (SWISH) and industry partners including Integra Resources, Micron, Idaho Fish & Game, Idaho Rangeland Resource Commission, and the American Welding Society. Held on August 16, 2024, this event offered

EcosySTEM is a statewide network dedicated to enhancing STEM education and workforce development through collaborative partnerships between industries, educators, and community organizations.

students a unique opportunity to explore STEM fields and careers through free hands-on activities. The event not only highlighted the importance of the mining industry, but also showcased the value of industry engagement with regional EcosySTEM Hubs in fostering future talent.

Mining-themed activities, organized by Integra Resources, the Idaho Mining Association, and Women in Mining, were a highlight of STEM Day at the fair. From cookie mining and bead sifting to a mined materials scavenger hunt, these activities made the mining industry accessible and exciting to thousands of community members.

The success of STEM Day at the Western Idaho Fair demonstrates the power of partnerships. SWISH’s collaboration with Integra Resources highlights how industry can work with educational initiatives to inspire and develop future STEM professionals. For the mining industry, engaging with regional EcosySTEM Hubs offers a unique opportunity to influence

and support the development of talent needed to meet the industry’s growing demands.

The benefits of industry engagement with organizations like SWISH go beyond education. The mining industry can help shape STEM education to align with workforce needs, addressing the skills gap while fostering a deeper understanding of mining among students and the community. Supporting events like STEM Day at the fair strengthens community ties and demonstrates the industry’s commitment to sustainability and social responsibility. These connections will also broaden your reach.

“I really believe in this coalition concept – industry coming to the table in spaces like SWISH where that community is ready-made, rather than constantly trying to reinvent the wheel on our own,” says Emily Hendrickson, Integra Resources manager of external affairs.

If you’re ready to help shape the future of Idaho’s STEM workforce and connect

with the next generation of STEM leaders, reach out to your regional EcosySTEM Hub today or sign up on the community platform to get involved.

• Erin Lanigan (erin@idahostem.org): STEM INNC in North Idaho (https://linktr.ee/steminnc)

• ReBekha Lulu (rebekha@idahostem. org): SWISH in Southwest Idaho (https://linktr.ee/idahoswish)

• Ashley Schaffner (ashley@idahostem. org) & Sonya Haines (sonya@idahostem.org): ISEE STEM in South Central and Eastern Idaho (https://linktr.ee/isee_stem)

Individuals can also sign up for accounts on the free, dynamic community platform (community.idahostem.org), which connects them with STEM partners in every region. EcosySTEM Hubs are expanding the reach of STEM education across the state, offering further opportunities for the industry to engage with and inspire future generations for the betterment of entire communities. s

Above: Mining-themed activities, organized by Integra Resources, the Idaho Mining Association, and Women in Mining, were a highlight of STEM Day at the fair.

Left: STEM Day, held at the Western Idaho Fair, offered students a unique opportunity to explore STEM fields and careers through free hands-on activities.

RAIN FOR RENT: A TRUSTED PARTNER FOR LIQUID-HANDLING SYSTEMS

In the ever-evolving world of mining operations, the need for reliable, innovative, and integrative liquids-handling solutions has never been greater. For 90 years, Rain for Rent has been at the forefront of providing turnkey solutions for diverse jobsites, earning a reputation as a trusted partner for customers in the mining industry.

Commitment to safety and innovation

Since our founding in 1934, Rain for Rent has been a pioneer in the liquidshandling industry. We continually evolve to meet customers’ ever-changing needs while at the same time remaining committed to our foundational principle of making a positive impact on the areas in which we work.

Integrated services

Rain for Rent’s rental equipment and services include pumps, pipes, tanks, and filtration, along with instrumentation to remotely control and monitor it all, as well as experienced engineers and technicians to design and install it all. These products and services provide for a wide range of solutions, from dewatering, filtration, and bypass pumping to water/chemical storage, water transfer, and dust control.

Solving problems with technical expertise

At Rain for Rent, our approach to business is to not simply rent equipment; we are here to solve problems. By incorporating innovative engineering into each solution design and technical expertise into each installation, we help customers streamline efforts safely and efficiently.

A case study for meticulous planning and collaboration

After a remotely located site had 14-acres cleared for silver mining operations, rainstorms and heavy winter snow caused soil from the cleared acreage to wash into nearby creeks. The run-off resulted in downstream contamination and daily EPA fines.

Rain for Rent engineered and installed an MSHA compliant 80,000-gallon catch basin and 1,000 GPM filtration system. Electric pumps moved turbid water through sand media and other filtration units into gravity-fed tanks. Once turbidity levels were reduced, water quality monitoring instrumentation allocated filtered water for discharge or, if needed, recirculation for additional treatment. Due to the remote location of the

Rain for Rent electric pumps move turbid water through filtration units, into gravity-fed tanks.

mine, the entire catch basin and filtration system was designed for automation. Telematic units provided real-time system data to the mine operator and Rain for Rent for monitoring, allowing the mine to focus on silver production and eliminating additional fines.

Service and reliability

With over 60 locations nationwide, Rain for Rent utilizes a national distribution network to minimize transportationrelated concerns, expedite lead times, and increase equipment availability.

By offering integrated services and technical expertise through a responsive network of nationwide locations, Rain for Rent continues to be a trusted industry leader, providing customers with the solutions they need to succeed.

For more information or to schedule a lunch-and-learn, visit www.rainforrent. com or call 800-742-7246. s

Rain for Rent’s automated water quality monitoring system tests and routes filtered water for discharge, or if needed, recirculation for additional treatment.

BUILDING YOUR WORKFORCE: TRAINING NEW OPERATORS WITH CAT SIMULATOR TECHNOLOGY

By Jacob Lauderdale, Application & Work Tools Manager, Western States Cat

It’s hard to find good help these days, and in today’s market with inexperienced operators coming into the workforce and running machines alongside operators who have spent years in the cab, training is vital to making sure the site remains safe and efficient. When operators are safe on a mine site, they can run equipment more efficiently, reduce equipment damage, and improve the overall maintenance health of the machines for long-term machine performance. To get operators up to speed, Western States Cat has an in-house team of experienced operator trainers. We have access to a variety of training types, including classroom-style, time running a machine under trainer supervision, or hands-on training with Cat Simulators and remotely controlled machines. Using simulators gives new operators experience handling real-world scenarios in the cab from the safety of the classroom.

There are many layers to operator training and our team deliberately approaches each class from multiple vantages. Everything is centered on safety, whether that focuses on machine maintenance, operation, or unique safety features of a machine. With the combination of discussion and technology, operators learn how to conduct machine walkarounds and engage with in-cab safety training to make sure they understand and utilize the safety features on the machine inside and out.

Western States Cat training courses are unique in that they offer training options of various lengths depending on the needs of the customer. Training can range from a half day to five full days, depending on the needs of the customer. In-classroom discussions focus on safety, operator productivity, and what to watch for in a pre- and post-machine operation checklist. After the discussion portion of the training, operators are ready to move into

a hands-on portion where they can apply their classroom knowledge and gain experience. When utilizing simulators, operators go through standard day-to-day scenarios that are normal on the mine site and can also gain experience in simulated failure situations. By putting the operator in a simulated cab, operators can learn what an emergency situation feels like and what to do without putting themselves, others, or the equipment in harm’s way.

Our trainers take a comprehensive approach to mine safety. The Western States Cat training team is well-versed in all things mining and understands the many moving parts that contribute to safety and productivity on a site. In developing training for a particular site, we keep the operator in mind; if an operator understands where their role fits into the mine site and how to work alongside other operators, the operation as a whole will see increased productivity and safety. Utilizing site-focused productivity software like VisionLink and MineStar can provide our team with machine-specific data and help us tailor training content to the needs of a specific mine. Both applications can provide data on machine speed, which gears are or aren’t being used, location information, and more. With this information in hand, our team can customize learning to a customer and make sure the site’s specific safety needs and concerns are being met.

Safety is the top priority at Western States Cat. We understand mine sites and their equipment and take pride in sharing information and training with our customers to help them stay safe and productive on the site. With safety-focused training, including operator experience in Cat Simulators, mines can maximize their equipment while ensuring the site remains a safe and productive environment. s

Above: Western States Cat training courses are unique in that they offer training options of various lengths depending on the needs of the customer.

Using simulators gives new operators experience handling real-world scenarios in the cab from the safety of the classroom.

Our clean energy future depends on silver, gold, and copper. And with the shift to a green economy, the need for essential metals will only grow. For more than 130 years, we’ve produced the metals that the world needs – safely, responsibly, and reliably.

That’s why Hecla is ready to deliver. Now, more than ever.