HAVE A DELIVERY, HAVE A CHOICE. Analysis inside the system of Private and Public healthcare in Italy.
POLITECNICO DI MILANO
PROJECT BY
SCUOLA DEL DESIGN TIZIANA ALOCCI LABORATORIO DI SINTESI FINALE FEDERICO BIRAGHI A.A. 2012|13 – C3 ELENA FIORENTINI
DIMITRI NUBE DANIELA SONIA PESSOT SARA PORCO
HAVE A DELIVERY, HAVE A CHOICE. Analysis inside the system of Private and Public healthcare in Italy.
POLITECNICO DI MILANO
PROJECT BY
SCUOLA DEL DESIGN TIZIANA ALOCCI LABORATORIO DI SINTESI FINALE FEDERICO BIRAGHI A.A. 2012|13 – C3 ELENA FIORENTINI
DIMITRI NUBE DANIELA SONIA PESSOT SARA PORCO
PROTOCOL DIAGRAM
00 — 7
INDEX OF CONTENTS
INDEX OF CONTENTS
02 RESEARCH QUESTION
03 ACTORS
03
03
03 PRIVATE STRUCTURE
PUBLIC STRUCTURE
WITH AN OBSTRETIC WARD
WITH AN OBSTRETIC WARD
04
05
04
03 GOVERNANCE
05
05
OUTLINK ANALYSIS
INLINK ANALYSIS
OUTLINK ANALYSIS
INLINK ANALYSIS
INLINK ANALYSIS
OUTLINK POLISH
KEYWORD ANALYSIS
OUTLINK POLISH
KEYWORD ANALYSIS
KEYWORD ANALYSIS
VISUALIZATION
KEYWORD POLISH
VISUALIZATION
KEYWORD POLISH
KEYWORD POLISH
HIGHLIGHT STRUCTURE
RELEVANCE SELECTION
HIGHLIGHT STRUCTURE
RELEVANCE SELECTION
RELEVANCE SELECTION
GEOLOCATION
MANUAL POLISH
GEOLOCATION
MANUAL POLISH
MANUAL POLISH
THEMATIC SELECTION
THEMATIC SELECTION
THEMATIC SELECTION
CHECK AND COUNT
CHECK AND COUNT
CHECK AND COUNT
05
05 VISUALIZATION
06
05 P.H. IMAGINARY
LISTMUS TEST
P.H. CLASSIFICATION
STRAINER
SPECIAL KEYWORDS
OUTLINK ANALYSIS
VISUALIZATION
OUTLINK POLISH
VISUALIZATION
HIGHLIGHT STRUCTURE
00 — 8
VISUALIZATION
03 ONG
01
02
RESEARCH BRIEFING INTRODUCTION
RESEARCH QUESTION WHERE TO BEGIN
BLOG&FORUM
THE REPORT IS DIVIDED INTO SIX SECTIONS TO FOLLOW The report isPROTOCOL divided into six RESEARCH sections to follow research ORDER. THIS PROCESS IS protocol order. This ALSO SYNTHESIZEDprocess IN THE is also synthesized in theON UNFOLDABLE DIAGRAM unfoldable diagram (00) CAN on the THE LEFT, SO THAT YOU left, so that you can identify and IDENTIFY AND RELATE EACH relate each step at any point STEP AT ANY POINT OF THE of the reading. READING.
INDEX OF CONTENTS
00 — 9
03
04
05a
06
RESEARCH SCENARIO RESEARCH SCENARIO: FIELD OF ACTION.
NETWORK STRUCTURE NETWORK STRUCTURE: ONDA OSSERVATORIO AND BOLLINI ROSA. A GEOGRAPHICAL APPROACH.
KEYWWORDS ANALYSIS GENERIC SEMANTIC RESEARCH: GO DEEPLY TO THE HEARTH TO THE PHENOMENON. SEMANTIC ORBIT, ANALYSIS OF EACH KEYWORD. SEMANTIC RESEARCH: WHO TALK MORE THEN OTHER. RELEVANCE VISUALIZATION: A QUALITY PARAMETER
LITMUS TEST AND CONCLUSION LITMUS TEST: TAKING A LOOK AT THE BACKWARDS. CONCLUSION.
05b SCENARIO IN PRIVATE SECTOR: A PARTICULARY IMAGINARY. SPECIAL KEYWORDS.
RESEARCH BRIEFING
01 — 11
RESEARCH BRIEFING 01
RESEARCH BRIEFING
01 — 13
The world percentage rate of Caesarean Section delivery is about 10-15% but exist a deep imbalace from country to country: In Italy the 38% of delivery are made by Caesarean Section. Is the higher rate in Europe.
Introduction
Despite the global percentage of caesarean sections is between 10% and 15%, the data provided by the World Health Organization show that the proportion changes significantly from country to country. There is a profound imbalance between the different countries, which leads to a situation of global lack of homogeneity. After observing and studying the problem from structured sources and official documents, it has been possible to determine a perspective from which to study and develop research. Determine the actors involved and their relationship has allowed us to better understand the phenomenon. The medical implications of childbirth have been taken into consideration and analyzed as filters that lead to the choice of a natural or surgical solution. Our research revealed as the medical implications are not the decisive factor in the choice of type of delivery. We now have to consider the
system that stays around the event delivery, from the geographical location of residence of the mother, to its economic and socio-cultural position. In the schema of flows and relationships of this system we have been defining the actors: Mother Governance NGO Public Health care structure Private Health care structure
AS YOU CAN SEE IN THE FOLLOWING PAGES, IS IMPORTANT TO UNDERLINE THAT WE DECIDED TO KEEP THE KEYWORDS IN ITALIAN BECAUSE IT IS THE LANGUAGE IN WHICH THE RESEARCH WAS DONE.
RESEARCH QUESTION
02 — 15
RESEARCH QUESTION 02
RESEARCH QUESTION
02 — 17
In Italy, why does the majority of CS occur at private hospitals than at public ones? Where to begin?
From the data obtained from research and documents, emerged that in Italy, a country characterized by a high rate of cesarean delivery, there is a close relationship between the type of health structure – public or private – and the percentage of cesarean delivery. It appears that in Italy the highest percentage of cesarean delivery is recorded in the private structures. Source: CeDAP 2009, Ministry of Health, table 30 page 44. This information has reinforced our vision of the centrality of the health structure in the schema of actors and relationships, and gave us the starting point to investigate further this controversy. So our research question is: «Why does the majority of caesarean section occur at private hospitals than at public ones?» After the definition of the research question, we proceeded with the identification of a research protocol that could
help us investigate the issue by reading the countless digital data inside the web. At this stage, Internet has represented the main source for the study of our subject.
RESEARCH SCENARIO
03 — 19
RESEARCH SCENARIO 03
RESEARCH SCENARIO
03 — 20
PRIVATE STRUCTURE FROM AIOP.IT
PRIVATE STRUCTURE WITH AN OBSTRETIC WARD
PUBLIC STRUCTURE FROM SALUTE.GOV.IT
PUBLIC STRUCTURE WITH AN OBSTRETIC WARD
490
87
637
326
GOVERNANCE — MINISTERO DELLA SALUTE
ORGANIZZAZIONI NON GOVERNATIVE
BLOG AND FORUMS
1
3
5
RESEARCH SCENARIO
03 — 21
Actors define a relations network, our scenario.
RESEARCH SCENARIO
03 — 23
The scenario is defined around the relationships among the different actors of the system: Mother, Governance, N.G.O., Private Healthcare and Public Healthcare.
Research scenario: field of action
We have chosen to start our analysis from the main actors defined in the previous steps, trying to identify the digital data associated with them. To analyze the actor health care structure in the network of web, we have chosen to proceed by defining a set of urls associated with the various health care structure in Italy. To do this, it was necessary to acquire the list of the name of public and private structures. After that, we have made a first screening in order to obtain only relevant structures for the purposes of our analysis and research. We obtained the list of private structures from the website AIOP. IT – Italian Association of private hospitals – (490), which was then cleaned, maintaining only structures with a maternity ward (87). The same procedure was followed for the public, the list of names was obtained through the website of the Ministry of Health www.salute.gov.it, starting from a corpus of 637 urls later reduced to 326.
For the actor governance we have used as a reference during the entire process of analysis, the site of the Ministry of Health. The N.G.O taken into account for the semantic search inherent cesarean delivery, have been chosen according to a criterion that we wanted to keep constant in this digital search. The three ONG were selected by taking the first results of the query non-profit NGO delivery on Google.it – on December 4th, 2012: Aistmar Avulssc Safety and life For the actor mother, the definition of the corpus of websites on which to develop the research was achieved through a more subjective process. Identifying the mother as the most involved actor in emotional and personal, we have chosen to shift this same vision in the selection of the type of internet sources from which to extrapolate the data. For this reason, we have
narrowed the focus of research in forums. In this way, it is possible a more intimate and personal vision of the phenomenon, which typically characterizes the actor mother. The five forums were selected through the search query childbirth forum pregnancy on Google.it – on December 4th, 2012: www.forum.alfemminile.com www.bravibimbi.it/forum www.forum.gravidanzaonline.it/ www.nostrofiglio.it/forum www.mammole.it/forumgravidanza/forum.php
NETWORK STRUCTURE
04 — 25
NETWORK STRUCTURE 04
NETWORK STRUCTURE
04 — 26
FILTERS
SOCIAL NETWORK DOCUMENTS MAILTO LINKS LOG INS MAPS WEB AGENCY ALBO PRETORIO
PUBLIC STRUCTURE WITH AN OBSTETRIC WARD
PUBLIC STRUCTURE WITH RUNNING LINKS
OUTLINK ANALYSIS
OUTLINK POLISH NODES
326
197
1,374
514
NETWORK STRUCTURE
04 — 27
Public VS Private. Understanding the network.
PRIVATE STRUCTURE WITH AN OBSTETRIC WARD
PRIVATE STRUCTURE WITH RUNNING LINKS
OUTLINK ANALYSIS
OUTLINK POLISH NODES
87
45
196
109
NETWORK STRUCTURE
04 — 29
As we can see the Public and Private Healthcare have in common two websites, both related topics about women health.
Network structure: O.N.Da Osservatorio and Bollini Rosa
From the analysis of outlinks obtained from the websites of public and private structures emerged as common points two specific websites: Onda Osservatorio and Bollini Rosa. Given the result that emerged from the combination of the lists, we decided to investigate this aspect in order to obtain any interesting ideas to our research.
health in order to facilitate the choice of place of care by women and reward structures that possess characteristics suitable for woman. After making an initial analysis, we have tried to extract common points, relevant for the purposes of our research. After an initial research of outlinks made through NaviCrawler, that was too general and unspecific, we decided to consider only the outlinks from the pages of the sites considered significant for the purposes of research.
specific research. Otherwise, the site Bollini Rosa deals the subject of childbirth and pregnancy by offering a range of specific information on structures and related services.
In order to make a comparative analysis we chose to analyze the outlinks from the pages relating to: Partner Sanitary – for Onda Osservatorio pages of specialized centers in the sections The first step was to understand Gynecology and maternal and what the two sites be treated and child health, for Bollini Rosa the which entities were referring. section Hospitals winners. It is important to stress that these Regarding the partners, the sites are closely related. Given the different structures visualization shows 22 results of the sites we tried to find a for Bollini Rosa and 55 for Onda Onda Osservatorio is the National research setting that could be Osservatorio. Only three partners Observatory on Women's Health consistent despite the diversity. are in common. and according to its statutes the The site Onda Osservatorio The analysis of outlinks on aim is to study, protect, inform, contains a lot of material healthcare structures instead educate and stimulate. on events, exhibitions and produced more results; 162 links Bollini Rosa is the reporter's documentation on the topics. for Bollini Rosa and 140 for Onda hospitals realized by Onda Rather than external links in fact Osservatorio, of which 128 are in Osservatorio, based on their level the site is characterized by a great common. of women friendship. deal of internal links to files .pdf. The visualization of the The program aims to identify the The Observatory focuses on data shows that there are no realities clinical and / or scientific women's health and it contains significant relationships between strongly progressive in an Italian many topics unrelated to our the partners, while there are
HOW TO READ IT? LEFT – PARTNER RIGHT – RECOMMENDED STRUCTURES
NETWORK STRUCTURE
04 — 30
common links to many health structures, both public and private.
generated from the site Onda Osservatorio and Bollini Rosa both for hospital recommended that for the partner, the points on which two overlapping lines show common links, then the outlinks present both in Onda Osservatorio that in Bollini Rosa.
Another interesting aspect that emerged from the analysis is the presence of several companies related to the pharmaceutical industry, especially for the site Onda Osservatorio.
O.N.DA OSSERVATORIO
BOLLINI ROSA
The visualizations show the links PARTNER + RECOMMENDED STRUCTURES
DONNE DERMATOLOGHE
EPITECH
DOCGENERICI
SHIREITALIA HRA-PHARMA
GSK EFFIKITALIA
ROCHE
SERVIER
COVIDIEN YAKULT CANCERWORLD TEVAITALIA
CARDIF
SISMER HTTP://WWW.TUTTOPARLADITE.IT
SOCIETÀ ITALIANA DI ENDOCRINOLOGIA DANONE
SIPREC
RICHTERITALY
MANAGERITALIA SIP BOSCH
SIOG
LEGA TUMORI SINPF WHO BOLLINI ROSA BIOGENIDEC
UNIVERSITÀ BOCCONI BIOTECHSOL
SIGO
BENEDETTA DINTINO SIDITALIA
GREY
HTTP://WWW.REUMATOLOGIA.IT BASF AON
ANIA
HTTP://WWW.PSICHIATRIA.IT AMMI-ITALIA IL SOLE 24ORE PFIZER MUNDIPHARMA
FONDAZIONE FIERAMILANO FARMINDUSTRIA
ABOCA
HTTP://EASYBABY.IT THERAMEX
ADDTHIS
MUSEO SCIENZA ONDAOSSERVATORIO AMGENDOMPE
MARIECLAIRE
JANSSEN-CILAG
MUSTELA FONDAZIONE PFIZER
RADIO24 NOVARTIS
PROGETTO ITACA PIRELLI
HTTP://WWW.NEURO.IT LOWEPIRELLAFRONZONI
ADI ITALIA HTTP://WWW.NEONATOLOGIA.IT COSMETICI MAGISTRALI
AON
NETWORK STRUCTURE
04 — 31
Onda Osservatorio website returns many link related to pharmaceutical industries and no significant relations among partner.
POLICLINICO ABANO
ULSS 9 TREVISO POLICLINICO UMBERTO I SAN GIOVANNI E RUGGI
USL 8 TOSCANA
AZIENDA OSPEDALIERA UNIVERSITARIA CAGLIARI SANTA MARIA DEGLI ANGELI
POLICLINICO UNIVERSITARIO CATANIA AZIENDA OSPEDALIERA PISA ULSS 13 MIRANO ULSS 7 VENETO AZIENDA OSPEDALIERA LODI ULSS FELTRE VENETO POLICLINICO DI SAN PIETRO POLICLINICO SAN MATTEOISTITUTI CLINICI ZUCCHI POLICLINICO CASILINO
ULSS 12
AZIENDA OSPEDALIERA CHIARI AZIENDA OSPEDALIERA GARBAGNATE
USL 2 TOSCANA POLICLINICO SAN MARCO
ULSS 5
AZIENDA OSPEDALIERA BOLOGNA
AZIENDA OSPEDALIERA BUSTO ARSIZIO
ULSS ASOLO AZIENDA OSPEDALIERA SAN PAOLO AZIENDA SANITARIA FIRENZE
AZIENDA OSPEDALIERA MELEGNANO AO DESENZANO DEL GARDA OSPEDALE SAN CARLO ASL ASTI AO GARIBALDI CATANIA
ULSS 4 VENETO POLICLINICO DI MODENA
ASL BARI AO VALTELLINA E VALCHIAVENNA
AO SIENA TOSCANA
SPEDALI CIVILI DI BRESCIA AZIENDA SANITARIA BRESSANONE ASL 2 LIGURIA ULSS VICENZA AO BROTZU ASL ROMA ARCISPEDALE SANT’ANNA ULSS 17 ASL CARBONIA USL 4 TOSCANA ASL 1 LIGURIA OSPEDALE UNIVERSITARIO DI VERONA AS MERANO OSPEDALE DI GALLARATE ASL OLBIA OSPEDALE MAGGIORE DI MILANO ASL PIEMONTE ASL 4 LIGURIA ULSS 15 PADOVA
USL 12 TOSCANA
GRUPPO POLIAMBULANZA OSPEDALI PAVIA
ULSS 10 VENETO ULSS 20 VERONA
OSPEDALI VARESE ASL BASSANO
ASL 5 TOSCANA ASL NUORO ULSS 17 OSPEDALE CARDARELLI VILLA BETANIA ASL 1 UMBRIA ASL ROMA OSPEDALE SASSUOLO ASL 3 UMBRIA ASL 3 NAPOLI SUD ASL PIEMONTE AZIENDA OSPEDALIERA SIENA ULSS 10 VENETO OSPEDALE SAN PIETRO OSPEDALE NIGUARDA ASL ROMA ASL 2 TORINO ASL VALLE CAMONICA SEBINO USL 8 TOSCANA OSPEDALI RIUNITI MARCHE OSPEDALI RIUNITI BERGAMO ASS 3 OSPEDALE CRISTO RE OSPEDALI DI MANTOVA OSPEDALE SANT ANDREA OSPEDALE UNIVERSITARIO VERONA ASUR ZONA 9 MARCHE ASUR ZONA 4 MARCHE OSPEDALE TREVIGLIO ASL 1 NAPOLI AO OSPEDALI RIUNITI MARCHE NORD OSPEDALE SAN RAFFAELE OSPEDALE SACCO AZIENDA SANITARIA FIRENZE OSPEDALE REGINA MARGHERITA SANT’ANNA ASUR ZONA 12 MARCHE OSPEDALE SAN CARLO AUSL FERRARA ASURZONA MARCHE ISTITUTO HUMANITAS ARCISPEDALE SANTA MARIA NUOVA FATE BENE FRATELLI MILANO OSPEDALI DI LECCO ASURZONA 5 MARCHE AUSL PIACENZA OSPEDALE DI CUNEO OSPEDALE PERUGIA CASA DI CURA CITTÀ DI ROMA CASA DI CURA CITTA DI ROMA AUSL VALLE D’AOSTA ASUR 2 MARCHE AUSL LATINA AUSL REGGIO EMILIA OSPEDALE MAGGIORE NOVARA OSPEDALE DI ALESSANDRIA AZIENDA USL PESCARA ISTITUTO CLINICO HUMANITAS ASUR 13 MARCHE OSPEDALE CREMONA AO ORDINE MAURIZIANO OSPEDALE MILANO AZIENDA USL PARMA ARCISPEDALE SANTA MARIA NUOVA AULSS LEGNAGO OSPEDALE SAN MARTINO AZIENDA OSPEDALIERA SAN ROVIGO ULSS 20 VERONA
CASA DI CURA FABIAMATER
ASL TARANTO CAREGGI TOSCANA
OSPEDALE GIANNINA GASLINI GRUPPO MARIO MALZONI ISTITUTI CLINICI DI PERFEZIONAMENTO AUSL MODENA ASL 4 TERNI
CLINICA SAN GIORGIO
USL 8 TOSCANA
AO COSENZA
OSPEDALE GALLIERA OSPEDALE BUCCHERI LAFERLA
CLINICA CANDELA CLINICA MEDITERRANEA ISTITUTO HUMANITAS GAVAZZENI IRCCS MATERNO INFANTILE BURLO GAROFOLO OSPEDALE FATEBENEFRATELLI ISOLATIBERINA IRCCS NUROMED ISTITUTO EUROPEO DI ONCOLOGIA ULSS BELLUNO CASA DI CURA MATERDOMINI ASL TARANTO POLICLINICO SANT ELENA OSPEDALE SACRA FAMIGLIA FATEBENEFRATELLI GRUPPO GIOMI FONDAZIONE MONDINO OSPEDALI RIUNITI TRIESTE ULSS 19 ADRIA VENETO AO BOLOGNINI ISTITUTO BESTA GRUPPO MULTIMEDICA ASUR ZONA 13 MARCHE
AO CITTÀ DELLA SALUTE E DELLA SCIENZA DI TORINO GRUPPO SAMED ISTITUTO AUXOLOGICO AO SALVATORE ISTITUTO TUMORI MILANO AZIENDA OSPEDALIERA SACCO CENTRO CATANESE DI ONCOLOGIA OSPEDALE BAMBINO GESU CENTRO REGIONALE ONCOLOGICO BASILICATA FONDAZIONE DI RICERCA E CURA GIOVANNI PAOLO II ASL ABRUZZO ASL 1 ABRUZZO FONDAZIONE SALVATORE MAUGERI ISTITUTO ONCOLOGICO VENETO ISTITUTO GAETANO PINI CLINICA SAN MICHELE
AO CAREGGI TOSCANA
NETWORK STRUCTURE
From the analysis of relationships between Public and Private Healthcare System emerges as main point the geographical position.
Network structure: a geographical approach.
The first research that we made, wanted to investigate the healthcare structures and their relationship.
as they provide a range of data on health structures. For this reason, a part of our analysis focused on this aspect. The visualization of outlinks of Through the tool LinkRipper we public structures shows as an analyzed the corpus of public and important factor geographical private structures, in search of localization. Many public outlinks that could tell us more structures do not have their about the system of relations own website but take advantage between them. of the inside pages of sites of We decided to make the same regional ASL. Graphs, and the type of analysis for private and following visualization show public structures and then how the public and private investigate in detail each one. structures are positioned on the A first Gephi data visualization national territory. To specify that has allowed us to capture some in the visualization of relations, useful information. regional sites and Bollini Rosa The network visualization of may have a larger surface area, outlinks arising from the corpus but being used as part of the of the public structures has analysis outlinks remain the made it clear that there is some exception of links to internal links more important as the pages or references without Ministry of Health, the National the use of hypertext links to Institute of Health, the National the external. For the private Observatory on Women's Health, structures, the visualization of the site of Bollini Rosa. outlinks shows that there is no At the end of our research special relationship between question it would be interesting the structures, except for the to focus on the massive presence unifications of structures that of the following sites: Onda refer to the same group – example Osservatorio and Bollini Rosa, Groppo San Donato, Lombardia.
04 — 32
NETWORK STRUCTURE
04 — 33
12 7
PUBLIC AND PRIVATE HEALTHCARE STRUCTURES CORPUS.
61 37
THE VISUALIZATION SHOWS THE NUMBER OF ITALIAN HEALTHCARE STRUCTURES WITH
22
OBSTETRIC OR GYNECOLOGY WARD AND UFFICIAL WEBSITE THAT WE CONSIDERED IN OUR RESEARCH.
34 11
25 12 9
10 40
1
16 41 5 12
18
38
NETWORK STRUCTURE
04 — 34
HOW TO READ IT? OUTLINKS NETWORK PUBLIC AND PRIVATE HOSPITALS
A
stroke
WITH OUTLINKS
WITHOUT OUTLINKS
PUBLIC
PRIVATE
50 NORTH
CENTER
40
30
20
10
MARCHE
TOSCANA
EMILIA-ROMAGNA
LIGURIA
PIEMONTE
VENETO
LOMBARDIA
VALLE D'AOSTA
FRIULI-VENEZIA GIULIA
TRENTINO-ALTO ADIGE
0
NETWORK STRUCTURE
04 — 35
Many structures, both private and public, have none specific website but they use pages inside of other website, therefore about 50% of the corpus did not produce any valid outlink.
NETWORK STRUCTURE
04 — 36
In order to understand the relationships between hospitals, through the tool Gephi we have visualized the networks outlinks generated with LinkRipper from the corpus of sites of public and private healthcare structures.
network of public hospitals, except for the Private Hospital San Raffaele in Milan, Lombardia. San Raffaele has common outlinks with other public hospitals and it is an outlink itself. The visualization stress the websites of hospitals with a greater number of external connections and shows that private structures are marginal and secondary to the public.
Starting from a first overall analysis, we tried to understand relationships and links between public and private. Private structures haven't a special relationship with the
SOUTH
HOW TO READ IT?
1.
OUTLINKS NETWORK PUBLIC AND PRIVATE HOSPITALS
ZOOM 4X
A OUTDEGREE stroke LINKS
2. OUTLINKS
PUBLIC
SICILIA
CALABRIA
SARDEGNA
BASILICATA
CAMPANIA
PUGLIA
MOLISE
LAZIO
ABRUZZO
UMBRIA
PRIVATE
With a separate analysis of the individual scenarios in public/ private we have found out more. The network of public structures consisting of 514 nodes, with 197 hospitals and 317 outlinks, has many meaningful relationships. First of all, from the network emerge different clusteres, some of which are completely external to the central network.
A
B
C
A
B
D
C
NETWORK STRUCTURE
04 — 38
These clusters correspond to regional networks and are connected together by means of national and international sites without of which would completely separate.
on Women's Health and the project BolliniRosa .
The network of private structures consisting of 109 nodes, of which 45 hospitals and 64 oulinks, is not very dense. Finally, there are some important There is no special relationship presence like the Ministry of between the structures and Health, the National Institute of emergent clusters turn out to be Health, the National Observatory not so much regional networks
HOW TO READ IT?
E
OUTLINKS NETWORK
4.
PUBLIC HOSPITALS
ZOOM 2X
1. CENTER OF THE NETWORK
A
2. EMILIA ROMAGNA
THE BIGGEST CIRCLES REPRESENTS NON
B. WWW.RETEHPHITALIA.IT
REGIONAL WEBSITES THAT ARE THE LINKS
C. WWW.ONDAOSSERVATORIO.IT
BETWEEN REGIONAL CLUSTERS.
D. WWW.SALUTE.GOV.IT
LAZIO AND LOMBARDIA CLUSTERS STAND OUT.
E. WWW.BOLLINIROSA.IT
A. WWW.LINEAAMICA.IT
THIS VISUALIZATION REPRESENTS EMILIA
GLOBAL VISUALIZATION.
INDEGREE
ROMAGNA, IT'S IMPORTANT TO UNDERLINE THAT
W.PROGETTO-SOLE.IT
stroke
THE BIGGEST CIRCLES ARE OUTLINKS TO REGION
B. WWW.SALUTER.IT
LINKS
AND HEALTH MINISTRY.
C. WWW.REGIONE.EMILIA-ROMAGNA.IT
THIS IS ONE OF THE MOST EVIDENT CLUSTER IN THE
EXTRA ITALY
NORTH OF ITALY EMILIA ROMAGNA
1.
LOMBARDIA VENETO PIEMONTE LIGURIA C
FRIULI VENEZIA GIULIA TRENTINO ALTO ADIGE
A B
D CENTER OF ITALY
2.
MARCHE TOSCANA LAZIO UMBRIA ABRUZZO
SOUTH OF ITALY SARDEGNA
3. – 4. MARCHE AND SARDEGNA
SICILIA
THIS VISUALIZATION REPRESENTS REPRESENTS
WEBSITES. THESE ARE SOME OF THE MOST
A. WWW.SALUTE.MARCHE.IT
CAMPANIA
MARCHE, GREEN, AND SARDEGNA, YELLOW.
EVIDENT CLUSTER IN THE GLOBAL VISUALIZATION,
B. WWW.REGIONE.MARCHE.IT
PUGLIA
IT'S IMPORTANT TO UNDERLINE THAT THE BIGGEST
BUT IT'S NOT LINKED TO THE MAIN NETWORK.
C. WWW.SARDEGNASALUTE.IT
CALABRIA
D. WWW.REGIONE.SARDEGNA.IT
BASILICATA
CIRCLES ARE OUTLINKS TO HEALTH REGION
3.
NETWORK STRUCTURE
04 — 39
Generally the network of Public Structures
as those of hospital groups, among which the most evident is the Group San Donato, in Lombardia. In addition, the significant sites in the national and international network of public hospitals appear to be secondary.
result more dense and linked compared with the Private ones, where we can find relations just between structures belonging to the same hospital group.
HOW TO READ IT? OUTLINKS NETWORK PRIVATE HOSPITALS
ZOOM 2X
A
1. GRUPPO SAN DONATO
2. WWW.BOLLINIROSA.IT – 3. – 4.
INDEGREE
THE MOST EVIDENT RELATIONSHIP IS BETWEEN
THE SIGNIFICANT SITES IN THE NATIONAL AND
stroke
HOSPITALS THAT REFER TO THE SAME GROUP,
INTERNATIONAL NETWORK OF PUBLIC HOSPITALS
LINKS
GRUPPO SAN DONATO, LOMBARDIA.
APPEAR TO BE SECONDARY.
3. WWW.SALUTE.GOV.IT
4. WWW.ONDAOSSERVATORIO.IT
2.
EXTRA ITALY
NORTH OF ITALY
1.
4.
EMILIA ROMAGNA LOMBARDIA VENETO PIEMONTE FRIULI VENEZIA GIULIA TRENTINO ALTO ADIGE VALLE D'AOSTA
CENTER OF ITALY MARCHE TOSCANA LAZIO ABRUZZO
3. SOUTH OF ITALY SICILIA CAMPANIA PUGLIA
NETWORK STRUCTURE
04 — 41
A
A
1. ASUR – MARCHE
2. SAN RAFFAELE HOSPITAL – SICILIA
THIS VISUALIZATION SHOWS THE CLUSTER MARCHE
PICENO (ORANGE CIRCLES) WHICH HAVE THE
THIS IS AN INTEREST CASE. IT REPRESENTS
PRIVATE HOSPITAL IN OUR EARLY CORPUS THAT IS
THAT IS TOTALLY INDEPENDENT AND NOT LINKED
HIGHEST NUMBER OF OUTLINKS.
SAN RAFFAELE HOSPITAL, PRIVATE, WHICH IS
ALSO AN OUTLINK OF A PUBLIC HOSPITAL.
TO THE MAIN NETWORK. IN THIS VISUALIZATION
A. WWW.ASURZONA4.MARCHE.IT
UNEXPECTEDLY LINKED TO THE MAIN NETWORK.
A. WWW.HSRGIGLIO.IT/
WE CAN SEE ASUR SENIGALLIA AND ASUR ASCOLI
IT IS ALSO IMPORTANT BECAUSE IT IS THE ONLY
PRIVATE AND PUBLIC THIS VISUALIZATION SHOWS THE SMALL CLUSTERS AND HOSPITALS NOT CONNECTED TO THE CENTRAL NETWORK. MOST OF THESE ARE PRIVATE HOSPITALS.
SEMANTIC ANALYSIS
05a — 43
SEMANTIC ANALYSIS 05a
SEMANTIC ANALYSIS
05a — 44
FILTERS
RIVERS CITIES REGIONS COUNTRIES PERSONAL NAMES OTHER WARDS PAIN THERAPY MAIL LINKS JAVASCRIPT LINKS ADRESSES
PUBLIC STRUCTURE WITH AN OBSTETRIC WARD
PUBLIC STRUCTURE WITH RUNNING LINKS
INLINK ANALYSIS
KEYWORDS ANALYSIS
326
143
5721
92,163
RELEVANCE SELECTION
KEYWORDS POLISH
THEMATIC SELECTION
37,779 31,344 208
SEMANTIC ANALYSIS
05a — 45
How do public and private hospital talk about delivery?
PRIVATE STRUCTURE WITH AN OBSTETRIC WARD
PRIVATE STRUCTURE WITH RUNNING LINKS
INLINK ANALYSIS
87
81
1,976 64,681
RELEVANCE SELECTION
KEYWORDS POLISH
THEMATIC SELECTION
26,978 26,129 898
KEYWORDS ANALYSIS
SEMANTIC ANALYSIS
05a — 47
Understand how the actors are related to the main topic; know and realize who speaks about a topic, how much and in which way.
Generic Semantic research: go deeply into the heart to the phenomenon.
The main aim was to better understand how different actors relate to the theme of birth. This part of the research wants to show the occurrences of topics and keywords. We investigated these aspects because we think that the web is a great resource of information, through which people can easily create a network of knowledge. Search for information on delivery within the web could mean to come across web pages of private structures that advertise their services, blogs and forums of ordinary people who exchange information and personal experiences, medical forum with technical scientific updates. Within this large amount of data, our semantic research wanted to investigate the different approaches that characterize each actor. Starting from the initial corpus of the websites of public and private structures, we made a research of the internal links in order to analyze with Alchemy
API the keywords most frequent. After that, we joined the corpus of public and private structures. The same procedure has been made for 5 blogs referring to the actor mother, the website of the Ministry of Health and the 3 websites of NGO. At this point, we joined all results generated and filtered with the tool Google Refine, to eliminate any noise. After an initial automatic screening it has been necessary to choose with which criteria clean up the results, in order to obtain a manageable corpus. The basic criterion was associated with the relevance of individual keywords considered eligible only if higher than 0.5. At this point we made a new manual selection, considering the main themes that emerged and limiting the set of keywords to 37.
SEMANTIC ANALYSIS
05a — 48
The visualization shows which actor – mother, NGO, governance, public healthcare structure and private healthcare structure – quote every keyword, and then which actor talks about a particular topic. We can see that there are some arguments invoked by emotional keywords
or keywords like tips that are mentioned mainly by the actor mother, while the keyword insurance is quoted only by private structure. The keyword too many cesareans section is mentioned only by NGO. The keyword caesarean section – with neutral sense – is quoted
HOW TO READ IT?
SELECTED CATEGORY
STRUTTURA OSPEDALIERA
OSTETRICIA
CONSIGLI
ASSICURAZIONI
BENESSERE FETALE
SOFFERENZA FETALE
BENESSERE MATERNO
PARTO
TRAVAGLIO
PARTO NATURALE
SERVIZIO SANITARIO
GOVERNANCE
ONG
MOTHER
PERCORSO NASCITE PUBLIC
PRIVATE
SEMANTIC ANALYSIS
05a — 49
by the actor mother, NGO and privately structure but not by the public structure. This could be a first difference between the two types of healthcare structure. This first general semantic analysis gives us the right approach and incentive to
investigate in more detail the structure of public and private healthcare in order to understand in detail when and who speaks of certain topics.
RICERCA
INFORMAZIONI
FORMAZIONE MEDICA
CORSO PRE-PARTO
CAUSE LEGALI
CODICE ETICO
TROPPI CESAREI
MORTE FETALE/MATERNA
SOFFERENZA MATERNA
ANSIA/STRESS
DOLORE
GRAVIDANZA
PARTO CESAREO
PARTO INDOLORE
ANESTESIA
SEMANTIC ANALYSIS
Each keyword contains a series of lemmas associated by morpheme, that is different words with same sense are joined under one keyword.
Semantic orbit, analysis of each keyword
The keywords considered during this part of research are the result of a semantic synthesis of thematically related terms found within the file generated by Alchemy API. For each of the 25 keywords found within the websites of public and private structures we selected a corpus of terms, vary in size depending on the frequency associated with the keyword, similar to the keyword by morpheme, being able to share with it the smallest isolatable unit of grammatical meaning, or meaning, or with different morpheme but associated to the keywords. The various corpus of terms were, subsequently, ranked in order by placing the keywords in its pure nature, the keywords associated with adjectives and other nouns, and finally the lexical variations and synonyms, considered in the variations mentioned above. Each lemma is then quantified by calculating the recurrence within the websites analyzed, this factor determined the order of the terms.
The use of an orbital visualization want to emphasize the process by which it is possible the collection of the words and their association to a specific keyword. Each visualization focuses on the keyword, sometimes actually present in the corpus of terms sometimes absent, around which they develop concentric rings, as well as collecting the terms related to the keyword, move away gradually from the central keywords going to highlight the semantic distance, both morphological and of meaning, which separates the terms. Each of these visualizations, therefore, offers a long series of information relating to the nature of keywords taken into consideration. It is possible to understand what keywords are most frequent at the sites of public and private hospitals, if they are present in their pure nature or associated with adjectives and modified at the level of morpheme, which keywords are more likely to linguistic and semantic changes and where it is constant.
05a — 50
SEMANTIC ANALYSIS
05a — 51
TRAVAGLIO
2
6
02. SALA TRAVAGLIO
3
6
1
2
PARTO INDOLORE 01. PARTO INDOLORE
HOW TO READ IT?
1
02. INDOLORE
7 TRAVAGLIO
PARTO CESAREO
2
01. PARTO CESAREO 4
5
02. TAGLIO CESAREO
FETALE
KEYWORD
PARTO NATURALE
1
KEYWORD + NOUN/ADJECTIVE SIMILAR MORPHEME
PARTO
DIFFERENT MORPHEME
01. PARTO 02. PARTO RELATIVO PARTO INDOLORE
4
03. PARTO ANONIMO 1
04. PARTO DOLCE
2
05. PARTO PREMATURO 06. PARTO CON ASSISTENZA MEDICA
2
07. L’ULTIMO PARTO
1
08. SALA PARTO 7
MATERNA
5
09. BLOCCO PARTO 10. REPARTO PARTO 11. COMPARTO3 PARTO
PARTO CESAREO
2
12. PARTO PUNTO NASCITE 13. PARTORIENTI
13
14. PAZIENTE PARTORIENTE 2
6
12
15. PROPRIE PARTORIENTI SULL'EVENTO
3
GRAVIDANZA 11
4
1 10
DOLORE
5
01. DOLORE 9
6
15
14
2
7
02. DOLORE POST OPERATORIO 03. DOLORE INUTILE
5
3
8
04. INEVITABILE DOLORE 2
05. DOLORE STESSO
PARTO
06. OSPEDALE SENZA DOLORE
ATERNA
CO
2
01. TRAVAGLIO
7
07. COMPONENTE DOLOROSA 1
2
6 6
3 6
7
1 7
4
5
4
3
BENESSERE MATERNO 8
DOLORE 9
SEMANTIC ANALYSIS
05a — 52
2
2
24 7 8
25
22 9
24
4
20
6
5
20
10
6
18
8
12
16
26
10 15
13 5
18
9
17
1
20
5
1
11
6
19 7
19
3
21
3
23
21
23
22
21
2
14
13
25
11
12
17
4
16
19
14 18
INFORMAZIONI
15 17
12
16
7
SERVIZIO SANITARIO
1 6
21
8
6
2
5
3
11
8
7
20
2
19
9
18
6
10
3
14
1
24 17
13
4 10
22
9
11
5
16
4
15
FORMAZIONE
12
13
14
23 STRUTTURA OSPEDALIERA
13 7 20
32
53 52 31 51
33
18
34
11
12
30
35
13
17
2 29
50
14
10
27 48
37
4
26
38
17
24 46
23
6
22
21
39
19 40
20
13
7 8 10
19
41
45 44
43 ASSICURAZIONI
42
6
1
11
18 7
14
12
5
25
47
5
16
1
8
6
4
15
15 9
3
36
3
28 49
2
16
RICERCA
9
12
SEMANTIC ANALYSIS
05a — 53
INFORMAZIONI
SERVIZIO SANITARIO
STRUTTURA OSPEDALIERA
ASSICURAZIONI
01. INFORMAZIONI
01. SERVIZIO SANITARIO
01. STRUTTURA OSPEDALIERA
01. ASSICURAZIONI
02. INFORMAZIONI UTILI
02. SERVIZIO SANITARIO NAZIONALE
02. STRUTTURA OSPEDALIERA BOLOGNESE
02. ASSICURAZIONI CONVENZIONATE
03. INFORMAZIONI INERENTI
03. SERVIZIO SANITARIO REGIONALE
03. STRUTTURA OSPEDALIERA PRIVATA
03. CONVENZIONE CON LE SEGUENTI ASS.
04. INFORMAZIONI NECESSARIE
04. SERVIZIO SANITARIO REGIONALE E NAZIONALE
04. STRUTTURA OSPEDALIERA PUBBLICA
04. DIVERSE ASSICURAZIONI SANITARIE
05. MAGGIORI INFORMAZIONI
05. SERVIZIO SANITARIO TOSCANO
05. STRUTTURA OSPEDALIERA VERA
05. SERVIZIO ASSICURAZIONI
06. CURA INFORMAZIONI COMPLETE
06. SSN
06. STRUTTURE OSPEDALIERE PERIFERICHE
06. ASSICURAZIONE SANITARIA INTEGRATIVA
07. STRUTTURA SANITARIA INFORMAZIONI
07. SISTEMA SANITARIO NAZIONALE
07. STRUTTURE SANITARIE OSPEDALIERE
07. ASSICURAZIONE MALATTIA
08. ULTERIORI INFORMAZIONI
08. SISTEMA SANITARIO REGIONALE
08. STRUTTURA SANITARIA
08. ASSICURAZIONE SANITARIA
09. UFFICIO INFORMAZIONI
09. SANITARI
09. NUMEROSE STRUTTURE SANITARIE
09. CONTRATTO D'ASSICURAZIONE
10. COMPRENSIBILI INFORMAZIONI
10. SANITARIO NAZIONALE
10. STRUTTURE SANITARIE PUBBLICHE
10. PROPRIA ASSICURAZIONE
11. FORNIRVI INFORMAZIONI RELATIVE
11. SANITARIE
11. STRUTTURA SANITARIA PRIVATA
11. COMPAGNIE ASSICURATIVE
12. INFORMAZIONI ESAUSTIVE
12. SANITARIO
12. STRUTTURE SANITARIE INTERESSATE
12. MAGGIORI COMPAGNIE ASSICURATIVE
13. INFORMAZIONI GENERALI
13. SANITARIO NAZIONALE PUBBLICO
13. STRUTTURE SANITARIE REGIONALI
13. COMPAGNIE ASSICURATIVE ITALIANE
14. INFORMAZIONI I PAZIENTI
14. SANITARIO REGIONALE
14. STRUTTURE SANITARIE CAMPANE
14. IMPORTANTI COMPAGNIE ASSICURATIVE
15. INFORMAZIONI INTEGRATIVE
15. SETTORE SANITARIO SICILIANO
15. STRUTTURE SANITARIE INTERNE
15. MAGGIORI COMPAGNIE
16. INFORMAZIONI MEDICO-SCIENTIFICHE
16. AZIENDA SANITARIA
16. STRUTTURE SANITARIE DELL'AZIENDA
16. COMPAGNIE ASSICURATIVE CONVENZIONATE
17. INFORMAZIONI RELATIVE
17. AZIENDA REGIONALE SERVIZI SANITARI
17. STRUTTURE SANITARIE ADERENTI
17. COMPAGNIE ASSICURATIVE NAZIONALI
18. PRECISE INFORMAZIONI
18. AZIENDE SANITARIE LOCALI
18. STRUTTURE SANITARIE TERRITORIALI
18. COMPAGNIA ASSICURATRICE
19. RICHIESTA INFORMAZIONI
19. AZIENDE SANITARIE PRESENTI
19. STRUTTURE SANITARIE ASSISTENZIALI
19. FONDO ASSICURATIVO
20. STESSE INFORMAZIONI
20. AZIENDE SANITARIE PUBBLICHE
20. STRUTTURA PRIVATA
20. ENTI ASSICURATIVI
21. SUDDETTE INFORMAZIONI
21. AZIENDA SANITARIA FIRENZE
21. ITALIANA OSPEDALITÀ PRIVATA
21. ISTITUTI ASSICURATIVI
22. COSTANTE INFORMAZIONE
22. ASSISTENZA SANITARIA
22. NELL'OSPEDALE PRIVATO
22. ATTIVITÀ ASSICURATIVA
23. ADEGUATA INFORMAZIONE
23. ASSISTENZA SANITARIA INTEGRATIVA
23. EROGAZIONE DELL'ASSISTENZA OSPEDALIERA
23. POLIZZA ASSICURATIVA
24. INFO UTILI
24. SANITÀ NAZIONALE
24. AZIENDA OSPEDALIERA UNIVERSITARIA
24. PRATICA ASSICURATIVA
25. SCHEDE INFORMATIVE
25. SANITÀ PRIVATA
25. PRINCIPALI NETWORK ASSICURATIVI
26. MATERIALE INFORMATIVO
26. QUALSIASI FONDO ASSICURATIVO RICERCA
27. RELATIVE COPERTURE ASSICURATIVE
FORMAZIONE
01. RICERCA
28. TESSERINO ASSICURATIVO
01. SETTORE FORMAZIONE
02. RICERCA SCIENTIFICA
29. UFFICI ASSICURATIVI
02. FORMAZIONE ECM
03. RICERCA CLINICA
30. COPERTURA ASSICURATIVA
03. FORMAZIONE SANITARIA
04. RICERCA SANITARIA
31. MASSIMALE ASSICURATO
04. FORMAZIONE ATTIVITÀ FORMATIVE
05. IMPORTANTE INNOVAZIONE RICERCA
32. FONDI ASSISTENZIALI INTEGRATIVI
05. FORMAZIONE SPECIALISTICA
06. AREA SCIENTIFICA RICERCA
33. BLUE ASSISTANCE
06. TIROCINIO DI FORMAZIONE
07. RICERCA APPLICATA
34. SARA ASSICURAZIONI
07. ATTIVITÀ FORMATIVE
08. RICERCA CLINICA NAZIONALI
35. ASSICURAZIONI GENERALI
08. EVENTI FORMATIVI
09. RICERCA CLINICO ASSISTENZIALE
36. ASSISTANCE
09. CREDITI FORMATIVI
10. RICERCA CORRENTE
37. AURORA
10. EVENTI FORMATIVI PROGRAMMATI
11. RICERCA INNOVATIVA
38. CASAGIT SIA DIRETTA
11. INCONTRI FORMATIVI
12. RICERCA LIBERA
39. CASPIE DIRETTA
12. AGGIORNAMENTO CONTINUO
13. RICERCA MEDICO-SCIENTIFICA
40. CATTOLICA ASSICURAZIONE DIRETTA
13. AGGIORNAMENTO PROFESSIONALE
14. RICERCA PRECOCE
41. CONSORZIO MUSA DIRETTA
14. MIGLIORAMENTO CONTINUO
15. RICERCA PRESSO PRESTIGIOSI
42. FASCHIM DIRETTA
16. RICERCA SCIENTIFICA CLINICA
43. FASI DIRETTA
17. RICERCA SPERIMENTALE
44. FASI OPEN DIRETTA
18. RICERCATORI DELL'EURAC
45. GGL EUROPE ASSISTANCE
19. RICERCATRICE TELETHON
46. GRUPPO ASSI.RE.CRE
20. ADEGUATA PREPARAZIONE SCIENTIFICA
47. GRUPPO GENERALI DIRETTA 48. GRUPPO UNIPOL 49. MONDIAL ASSISTANCE 50. NEWMED DIRETTA 51. PREVIMEDICAL DIRETTA 52. SISTEMI SANITARI DIRETTA 53. UNISALUTE DIRETTA
SEMANTIC ANALYSIS
5
6
22
7
21
1
8
2
20
9
10
5 6
19
5
7 8
05a — 54
10
3
1
6
4
18
9
2
11
0
25
17
12
4 13 16
15
9
14
7
OSTETRICIA
3
8 SOFFERENZA FETALE 3
1
1
6 2
4
8
3
2
MORTE FETALE/MATERNA
3 2 13
1
5
9
CORSO PRE-PARTO
8
2
13
9 3
7
3
2
1
6 5
SOFFERENZA MATERNA
4
12
10 5
6
7
5
13
6
2
11 BENESSERE FETALE 12
7 1
4
3
11
8
1
PERCORSO NASCITE
10
9 CODICE ETICO
SEMANTIC ANALYSIS
05a — 55
OSTETRICIA
SOFFERENZA FETALE
01. OSTETRICIA
01. MALATTIA FETALE
02. CAMPO DELL'OSTETRICIA
02. IDROPE FETALE
2
2
6
1
03. COMPARTO DELL'OSTETRICIA
03. MALFORMAZIONI FETALI
04. OPERATIVA DI OSTETRICIA
04. PATOLOGIE SISTEMA FETO
05. REPARTO OSTETRICIA
05. PATOLOGIA NEONATALE
06. ECOGRAFIA OSTETRICA
23 NEONATALE 06. TERAPIA INTENSIVA
07. CLINICA OSTETRICA
07. ITTERNO NEONATALE
3
5
1
2
4
08. RIANIMAZIONE NEONATALE
1 09. ASSISTENZA OSTETRICA
09. NEONATO22 PATOLOGICO
10. SCIENZA OSTETRICA
10. NASCITE PREMATURE 12
13
5 18
1 6 7
11 10
9
21
13. PATOLOGIE OSTETRICHE
MORTE FETALE/MATERNA
14. PRINCIPALI PROCEDURE OSTETRICHE
01. MORTALITÀ MATERNO-INFANTILE 20
15. VISITE OSTETRICHE
02. MORTE CEREBRALE
16. PARTO SOCCORSO GINECOLOGICO OSTETRICO NATURALE
03. MORTI ENCEFALICHE
4
8
ANESTESIA
17. PRONTO SOCCORSO OSTETRICO 18. ECOGRAFIA OSTETRICO GINECOLOGICA 19. AMBULATORIO OSTETRICO
SOFFERENZA MATERNA
4
PARTO INDOLORE
01. PATOLOGIA UTERINA
21. INTENSA ATTIVITÀ OSTETRICO-GINECOLOGICA
02. PATOLOGIE ENDOCAVITARIE UTERINE
22. INTERVENTI OSTETRICI
03. MALFORMAZIONI UTERINE
1
CORSO PRE-PARTO
1 7
CODICE ETICO 5
01. INDAGINI PRENATALI PRE-PARTO 02. PRENATALI PRE-PARTO
PARTO CESAREO
04. DIAGNOSTICA PRENATALE
01. CODICE ETICO 02. CODICE ETICO COMPORTAMENTALE
03. MEDICINA PRENATALE 3
2
20. INTERESSE OSTETRICO-NEONATALE 1
2
03. CODICE ETICO DEONTOLOGICO 2
04. CODICE ETICO EUROSANITÀ
05. DIAGNOSI PRENATALE
05. ATTO ETICO
06. ASSISTENZA PERINATALE
06. CARATTERE ETICO
13
2
07. COMITATO ETICO
6
12
3
08. RISCHI ETICO COMPORTAMENTALI CAUSE LEGALI
GRAVIDANZA 11
4
1 10
5
9
6
15
14 7
BENESSERE FETALE
09. ETICA CLINICA
01. BENESSERE FETALE
10. SOCIETÀ ETICA
02. FETAL MEDICINE FOUNDATION
11. RISPETTO ASSOLUTO DELL'ETICA
03. FREQUENZA CARDIACA FETALE 5
12. ETICA
04. CARDIACA FETALE
13. RIFERIMENTO ALL'ETICA UMANA
3
3
2
05. ATTIVITÀ CARDIACA FETALE
8
06. ECOCARDIOGRAFIE FETALI 2
PARTO
07. ECOCARDIOGRAMMA FETALE 08. NEONATO SANO
7
1
09. NEONATO NORMALE 1
2
10. ASSISTENZA NEONATALE 11. ECOGRAFIE NEONATALI
6
12. FASE NEONATALE
3 7
1
13. REPARTO NEONATALE
6
4
5
4
PERCORSO NASCITE BENESSERE MATERNO
01. PERCORSO NASCITE
DOLORE
17
3
14
08. DIAGNOSTICA OSTETRICA
12. OSTETRICHE DELL'UNITÀ OPERATIVA 2
16
15
11. OSTETRICHE
TRAVAGLIO
24
ANSIA/STRESS
19
SEMANTIC ANALYSIS
2
05a — 56
24
2
16 2
23 3
6
1
17
3
15 14
4
13
1
5
22
18
1 12
TRAVAGLIO
6 7
11 10 21
2
20
4
5
PARTO NATURALE
1
9
8
ANESTESIA
4
2
PARTO INDOLORE 1
1
2
1 7
5
3
2
PARTO CESAREO
13
2
6
12
3
CAUSE LEGALI
GRAVIDANZA 4
1 5
9
3
5
6 14
2
7
3 8
2
PARTO
7 1 1
2
3 6
7
1
4
5
4
ANSIA/STRESS BENESSERE MATERNO
DOLORE
19
SEMANTIC ANALYSIS
05a — 57
PARTO NATURALE
ANESTESIA
01. PARTO NATURALE
01. ANESTESIA
02. PARTO SPONTANEO
02. ACCETTAZIONE ANESTESIA
03. PARTO FISIOLOGICO
03. ANESTESIA GENERALE
04. PARTO VAGINALE
04. ANESTESIA SPINALE
05. PARTO TRADIZIONALE
05. ANESTESIA SPINALE SELETTIVA
06. SALA PARTO TRADIZIONALE
06. ANESTESIA COMBINATA 07. ANESTESIA ENDOVENOSA 08. ANESTESIA PERIDURALE
GRAVIDANZA
09. ANESTESIA LOCO-REGIONALE
01. GRAVIDANZA
10. MIGLIORE ANESTESIA
02. BELLISSIMA GRAVIDANZA
11. ANESTESIA EPIDURALE
03. DONNE GRAVIDE
12. ANESTESIA REGIONALE
04. ORMONI GRAVIDICI
13. ANESTESIA RIANIMAZIONE
05. 20ESIMA SETTIMANA
14. ANESTESIA ADDIZIONALE
06. TERZO TRIMESTRE
15. MEDICO RESPONSABILE DELL'ANESTESIA
07. FUTURA MAMMA
16. ANESTETICO GENERALE 17. ANESTETICI GENERALI GASSOSI 18. ASSISTENZA ANESTESIOLOGICA
BENESSERE MATERNO
19. TECNICA ANESTESIOLOGICA
01. BENESSERE DONNA
20. ANALGESIA
02. BENESSERE FISICO
21. ANALGESIA EPIDURALE
03. MIGLIOR BENESSERE POSSIBILE
22. PARTO ANALGESIA
04. DIAGNOSTICA ECOGRAFICA GINECOLOGICA
23. PARTO ANALGESIA PERIDURALE
05. REPARTO MATERNITÀ
24. EPIDURALE L'INIEZIONE
06. ASSISTENZA DONNA 07. PRECOCE RELAZIONE MADRE-BAMBINO
CAUSE LEGALI 01. LEGALI 02. AUTORITÀ GIUDIZIARIA
ANSIA/STRESS 01. ANSIE 02. STRESS POSTNATALE 03. PSICOSI PUERPERALI
SEMANTIC ANALYSIS
05a — 58
Public Structures talk more about Research, Pain, Litigations and Death compared with the Private ones that speak much more about general topic as Health System and other topics deeply related to delivery as Labour, Delivery, Suffering, Wellness and Anesthesia. Semantic research: who talks more then others.
The visualization made through the Sankey diagram focuses the attention on the occurrence of keywords in the sites of private and public structures. We have tried to give an initial overview comparing public and private, and then go into detail of the individual departments. We want to underline that in our analysis we have considered only public structure with a specific website.
with the tool LinkRipper that generated 5,721 internal links. We decided to analyze the internal links – link with the same domain – in order to search for keywords within the structure of the site, and to have a result as close as possible to each hospital analyzed. For the extraction of keywords, the internal links corpus of 5,721 was analyzed with the tool Alchemy API, which generated CSV files containing 92,163 keywords and entities. The visualization shows the We decided to use keywords and results of semantic analysis that entities because they return a we made analyzing quantitatively result most faithful and reliable the keywords extracted from the for our research. tool Alchemy API. After that, the 92,163 keywords For example, as regards the were cleaned and refined public sector were selected 143 through Google Refine, links from the corpus of 325 removing duplicates and initial links. We considered misspellings, making the only public hospitals with an files more manageable and institutional site, removing all understandable. the links refer to local health Subsequently, given the high authorities, USSL, Health number of tags obtained, we Provincial and Territorial had to make a manual cleaning, AsurZona and other links related eliminating all the tags with a to sub-pages and not to the relevance lower than 0.5 in order actual site of the hospital . This to have an optimal number corpus of 143 links was analyzed of words on which to work,
obtaining a corpus of 37,779 keywords. With an additional manual cleaning, we removed all the keywords irrilevant for our topic as personal names, names of rivers, cities, regions, countries, continents, words related to specific medical practices, links to e-mail addresses, links to javascript, streets, squares and addresses, social networks, references to documents or documents, pdf doc, disease and medical and surgical practices external to our topic and a number of words that do not fit into specific categories, but are not helpful to our analysis. This manual cleaning produced as result a list of 31,344 keywords; based on 27 selected keywords, as shown in the previous visualization, we searched, selected and displayed how many times a particular keyword is repeated and in which hospital or private structure.
SERVIZIO SANITARIO
STRUTTURA OSPEDALIERA
RICERCA
CODICE ETICO
PARTO
OSTETRICIA
FORMAZIONE
ASSICURAZIONI
DOLORE
INFORMAZIONI
GRAVIDANZA
ANESTESIA
BENESSERE FETALE
PERCORSO NASCITE
SOFFERENZA FETALE
CAUSE LEGALI
BENESSERE MATERNO
CORSO PRE PARTO
PARTO CESAREO
TRAVAGLIO
ANSIA/STRESS
SOFFERENZA MATERNA
MORTE
HOW TO READ IT?
stroke WORD COUNT MIN. 1 WORD MAX. 466 WORDS
RICERCA
SOFFERENZA FETALE
STRUTTURA OSPEDALIERA
CAUSE LEGALI
SERVIZIO SANITARIO
MORTE
DOLORE
PARTO CESAREO
CODICE ETICO
TRAVAGLIO
GRAVIDANZA
ANSIA/STRESS
PARTO
BENESSERE MATERNO
ANESTESIA
CORSO PRE PARTO
INFORMAZIONI
SOFFERENZA MATERNA
ASSICURAZIONI
OSTETRICIA
FORMAZIONE
PERCORSO NASCITE
BENESSERE FETALE
PRIVATE
PUBLIC
The visualization shows that the private structures speak more than public hospitals, talking about more issues related to the keywords insurance, code of ethics, birth, anesthesia, health services and information. Public hospitals speak talk more research, pain, path birth, litigations and death. The keywords related to emotional states and / or sensations are ISTITUTO CLINICO SAN ROCCO
The keywords were visualized through the Sankey diagram by assigning a color to each keyword – according to color groups assigned to the concept that expresses each word – and a thickness ranging from 0.5 pt for a word that is repeated only once and 233 pt for a word that is repeated 466 times. At first glance it is clear that the private structures talks more than the public ones, and appoints the keywords with a frequency higher than public hospitals. The keyword that is mentioned more is health care service while death isthe nominated only once.
OSPEDALE EVANGELICO INTERNAZIONALE
AZIENDA OSPEDALIERA DI PERUGIA
AZIENDA OSPEDALIERA DELLA PROVINCIA DI PAVIA
AZIENDA OSPEDALIERA CARLO POMA
AZIENDA OSPEDALIERA SAN GIUSEPPE MOSCATI
AZIENDA OSPEDALIERA TREVIGLIO
PRESIDIO SANITARIO SAN CAMILLO
SPEDALI CIVILI BRESCIA
AZIENDA OSPEDALIERA LODI
AZIENDA OSPEDALIERA NAZIONALE SS. ANTONIO E BIAGIO E CESARE ARRIGO
AZIENDA SANITARIA DI ROVIGO
AZIENDA OSPEDALIERA UNIVERSITARIA OO.RR. S.GIOVANNI DI DIO E RUGGI D’ARAGONA
POLICLINICO DI BARI OSPEDALE GIOVANNI XXIII
AZIENDA OSPEDALIERA S.ANTONIO GALLARATE
OSPEDALE VILLA SALUS
AZIENDA OSPEDALIERA DI CIRCOLO DI MELEGNANOMELEGNANO
OSPEDALE SACRO CUORE DON CALABRIA
AZIENDA OSPEDALIERO-UNIVERSITARIA POLICLINICO VITTORIO EMANUELE
AZIENDA OSPEDALIERA BOLOGNINI SERIATE
AZIENDA OSPEDALIERA DI CREMONA
CASA DI CURA SALUS SRL
CASA DI CURA SAN MICHELE SRL
CASA DI CURA FABIA MATER SPA
OSPEDALE INTERNAZIONALE SRL
CLINICA SANATRIX SPA
CASA DI CURA SANTA RITA SPA
CASA DI CURA ORESTANO SRL
CASA DI CURA TORTORELLA SPA
LA VIALARDA SPA
CASA DI CURA TRUSSO SRL
VILLA DEI FIORI SRL
ISTITUTO CLINICO BEATO MATTEO
CASA DI CURA VILLA PIA SRL
ISTITUTO CLINICO CITTÀ DI BRESCIA SPA
SAN PIER DAMIANO HOSPITAL SPA
ISTITUTO CLINICO ZUCCHI PRESIDIO MONZA
ISTITUTO CLINICO ZUCCHI PRESIDIO CARATE BRIANZA
MARIA ROSARIA SPA
VILLA MARGHERITA SPA
CASA DI CURA CASCINI SRL
ISTITUTI CLINICI DI PAVIA E VIGEVANO SRL
SEDES SAPIENTAE
SALUS HOSPITAL SPA
VILLA LUCIA HOSPITAL SRL
CASA DI CURA VILLA CANDELA SPA
CASA DI CURA GRETTER GEST.C.M.C SRL
CASA DI CURA VILLA ERBOSA SPA
CASA DI CURA CIELLINI SPA
D’AMORE SRL
SANTA MARIA MADDALENA
VILLA MAFALDA SPA
VILLA DONATELLO SPA
CLINICA PRIVATA VILLALBA SRL
CASA DI CURA VILLA IGEA SRL
OSPEDALE PRIVATO VILLA SERENA SPA
OSPEDALE PRIVATO VILLA IGEA SPA
OSPEDALE PRIVATO DOMUS NOVA SPA
I.R.C.C.S.POL. SAN DONATO
CASA DI CURA NOSTRA SIGNORA LOURDES
CASA DI CURA CITTÀ DI APRILIA SRL
VILLA TORRI HOSPITAL SRL
OSPEDALE PRIVATO ACCREDITATO VILLA REGINA
PINETA GRANDE SPA
CASA DI CURA SAN CAMILLO SRL
G.B. MANGIONI HOSPITAL SPA
CASA DI CURA VILLA ELISA SPA
CASA DI CURA VILLA ELENA SRL
IFCA SPA CASA DI CURA ULIVELLA E GLICINI
ISTITUTO CLINICO S.AMBROGIO SPA
ISTITUTO CLINICO SAN SIRO SPA
NUOVA CLINICA ANNUNZIATELLA SRL
POLICLINICO SAN MARCO ISTITUTO OSP BERGAMO
CASA DI CURA VILLA MAIONE SRL
CASA DI CURA SAN FRANCESCO SRL
CASA DI CURA PRIVATA S.GIORGIO SPA
CASA DI CURA TRIOLO ZANCA SPA
POLICLINICO CASALINO EUROSANITÀ SPA
CASA DI CURA SERENA SPA
QUISISANA
CASA DI CURA ANDREA GRIMALDI SRL
CASA DI CURA VILLA IGEA SPA
VILLA SANTA MARIA DI LEUCA
CASA DI SALUTE SANTA LUCIA SRL
ISTITUTO CLINICO SANT’ANNA
ABANO TERME SPA
ARS MEDICA SPA
CASA DI CURA VILLA FIORITA SPA
CASA DI CURA VILLA GEMMA SPA
PRIVATE PUBLIC
At the firts glange we can see that the
Private Structures speak much more
compared with the Public one, probably
for communicate its services and benefits.
named almost exclusively by clinics and nursing homes in the private sector except for the keywords pain that it is appointed to a greater extent by the public.
OSPEDALE GIANNINA GASLINI
AZIENDA OSPEDALIERA SIENA
GRUPPO MULTIMEDICA
POLICLINICO DI MODENA
FONDAZIONE POLIAMBULANZA ISTITUTO OSPEDALIERO
POLICLINICO SAN MATTEO DI PAVIA FONDAZIONE IRCCS
OSPEDALE GALLIERA
AZIENDA OSPEDALIERA DESIO E VIMERCATE
AZIENDA OSPEDALIERA CAREGGI
IRCCS MATERNO INFANTILE BURLO GAROFOLO
OSPEDALE DI CIRCOLO DI BUSTO ARSIZIO
AZIENDA OSPEDALIERA RUMMO
AZIENDA SANITARIA DELL’ALTO ADIGE
OSPEDALE OPERA PADRE PIO
AZIENDA OSPEDALIERA SASSARI
AZIENDA OSPEDALIERA DI REGGIO EMILIA
AZIENDA OSPEDALIERA DI BOLOGNA
AZIENDA OSPEDALIERA DI VALTELLINA E VALCHIAVENNA
AZIENDA OSPEDALIERA TERNI
AZIENDA OSPEDALIERO-UNIVERSITARIA DI FERRARA
AZIENDA OSPEDALIERA CITTÀ DELLA SALUTE E DELLA SCIENZA DI TORINO
OSPEDALE LUIGI SACCO
AZIENDA OSPEDALIERA SAN PAOLO
AZIENDA OSPEDALIERA PROVINCIA DI LECCO
AZIENDA OSPEDALIERA SAN SALVATORE
OSPEDALE S.CROCE E CARLE DI CUNEO
AZIENDA OSPEDALIERA SANTA MARIA DEGLI ANGELI
OSPEDALI RIUNITI BERGAMO
AZIENDA SANITARIA TOSCANA
AZIENDA OSPEDALIERO-UNIVERSITARIA DI PARMA
AZIENDA OSPEDALIERA ORDINE MAURIZIANO DI TORINO
AZIENDA PROVINCIALE PER I SERVIZI SANITARI
OSPEDALE DI CIRCOLO E FONDAZIONE MACCHI VARESE
AZIENDA OSPEDALIERA DI RILIEVO NAZIONALE E ALTA SPECIALIZZAZIONE GARIBALDI
SEMANTIC ANALYSIS 05a — 65
HOW TO READ IT?
stroke WORD COUNT
MIN. 1 WORD
MAX. 466 WORDS
SEMANTIC ANALYSIS
05a — 66
Which theme is more important for Public and Private structures? For the Public structure it is Pain, for Private structure it is Delivery. If we consider Public and Private together the most important word is Ethical code.
Relevance visualization: a quality parameter.
The tool Alchemy API extracts the tag – keywords, entities and concept – from a given link by assigning a value of relevance, of importance for each tag that varies from 0 to 1. As stated previously, we manually selected all tags with a value of more than 0.5 relevance. This visualization shows the relevance of each keywords divided according to each public and private hospital and it help us to understand the issues – so the keywords – treated with more importance by each structure. The visualization shows at the bottom, horizontally, the names of the structures and vertically the keywords; the relevance is displayed through the circles of different diameter which varies according to the value of the relevance. HOW TO READ IT?
This semantic analysis not only shows what structure and how much it refers to certain topics but also with what relevance these words occur.
A RELEVANCE MIN. 0,5 MAX. 1
SERVIZIO SANITARIO
STRUTTURA OSPEDALIERA
RICERCA
CODICE ETICO
PARTO
OSTETRICIA
FORMAZIONE
ASSICURAZIONI
DOLORE
INFORMAZIONI
GRAVIDANZA
ANESTESIA
BENESSERE FETALE
PERCORSO NASCITE
SOFFERENZA FETALE
CAUSE LEGALI
BENESSERE MATERNO
CORSO PRE PARTO
PARTO CESAREO
TRAVAGLIO
ANSIA/STRESS
SOFFERENZA MATERNA
MORTE AZIENDA OSPEDALIERA DI CREMONA
AZIENDA OSPEDALIERA BOLOGNINI SERIATE
AZIENDA OSP.-UNIV. POLICLINICO VITTORIO EMANUELE
OSPEDALE SACRO CUORE DON CALABRIA
AZIENDA OSPEDALIERA DI CIRCOLO DI MELEGNANOMELEGNANO
OSPEDALE VILLA SALUS
AZIENDA OSPEDALIERA S.ANTONIO GALLARATE
POLICLINICO DI BARI OSPEDALE GIOVANNI XXIII
AZIENDA OSP. UNIV. OO.RR. S.GIOVANNI DI DIO E RUGGI D’ARAGONA
AZIENDA SANITARIA DI ROVIGO
AZIENDA OSP. NAZ. SS. ANTONIO E BIAGIO E CESARE ARRIGO
AZIENDA OSPEDALIERA LODI
SPEDALI CIVILI BRESCIA
PRESIDIO SANITARIO SAN CAMILLO
AZIENDA OSPEDALIERA TREVIGLIO
AZIENDA OSPEDALIERA SAN GIUSEPPE MOSCATI
AZIENDA OSPEDALIERA CARLO POMA
AZIENDA OSPEDALIERA DELLA PROVINCIA DI PAVIA
AZIENDA OSPEDALIERA DI PERUGIA
OSPEDALE EVANGELICO INTERNAZIONALE
AZIENDA OSP. DI RILIEVO NAZ. E ALTA SPECIALIZZAZIONE GARIBALDI
OSPEDALE DI CIRCOLO E FONDAZIONE MACCHI VARESE
AZIENDA PROVINCIALE PER I SERVIZI SANITARI
AZIENDA OSPEDALIERA ORDINE MAURIZIANO DI TORINO
AZIENDA OSPEDALIERO-UNIVERSITARIA DI PARMA
AZIENDA SANITARIA TOSCANA
OSPEDALI RIUNITI BERGAMO
AZIENDA OSPEDALIERA SANTA MARIA DEGLI ANGELI
OSPEDALE S.CROCE E CARLE DI CUNEO
AZIENDA OSPEDALIERA SAN SALVATORE
AZIENDA OSPEDALIERA PROVINCIA DI LECCO
AZIENDA OSPEDALIERA SAN PAOLO
OSPEDALE LUIGI SACCO
AZIENDA OSP. CITTÀ DELLA SALUTE E DELLA SCIENZA DI TORINO
AZIENDA OSPEDALIERO-UNIVERSITARIA DI FERRARA
AZIENDA OSPEDALIERA TERNI
AZIENDA OSPEDALIERA DI VALTELLINA E VALCHIAVENNA
AZIENDA OSPEDALIERA DI BOLOGNA
AZIENDA OSPEDALIERA DI REGGIO EMILIA
AZIENDA OSPEDALIERA SASSARI
OSPEDALE OPERA PADRE PIO
AZIENDA SANITARIA DELL’ALTO ADIGE
AZIENDA OSPEDALIERA RUMMO
OSPEDALE DI CIRCOLO DI BUSTO ARSIZIO
IRCCS MATERNO INFANTILE BURLO GAROFOLO
AZIENDA OSPEDALIERA CAREGGI
AZIENDA OSPEDALIERA DESIO E VIMERCATE
OSPEDALE GALLIERA
POLICLINICO SAN MATTEO DI PAVIA FONDAZIONE IRCCS
FONDAZIONE POLIAMBULANZA ISTITUTO OSPEDALIERO
POLICLINICO DI MODENA
GRUPPO MULTIMEDICA
AZIENDA OSPEDALIERA SIENA
OSPEDALE GIANNINA GASLINI
SERVIZIO SANITARIO
STRUTTURA OSPEDALIERA
RICERCA
CODICE ETICO
PARTO
OSTETRICIA
FORMAZIONE
ASSICURAZIONI
DOLORE
INFORMAZIONI
GRAVIDANZA
ANESTESIA
BENESSERE FETALE
PERCORSO NASCITE
SOFFERENZA FETALE
CAUSE LEGALI
BENESSERE MATERNO
CORSO PRE PARTO
PARTO CESAREO
TRAVAGLIO
ANSIA/STRESS
SOFFERENZA MATERNA
MORTE ISTITUTO CLINICO SAN ROCCO
CASA DI CURA VILLA GEMMA SPA
CASA DI CURA VILLA FIORITA SPA
ARS MEDICA SPA
ABANO TERME SPA
ISTITUTO CLINICO SANT’ANNA
CASA DI SALUTE SANTA LUCIA SRL
VILLA SANTA MARIA DI LEUCA
CASA DI CURA VILLA IGEA SPA
CASA DI CURA ANDREA GRIMALDI SRL
QUISISANA
CASA DI CURA SERENA SPA
POLICLINICO CASALINO EUROSANITÀ SPA
CASA DI CURA TRIOLO ZANCA SPA
CASA DI CURA PRIVATA S.GIORGIO SPA
CASA DI CURA SAN FRANCESCO SRL
CASA DI CURA VILLA MAIONE SRL
POLICLINICO SAN MARCO ISTITUTO OSP BERGAMO
NUOVA CLINICA ANNUNZIATELLA SRL
ISTITUTO CLINICO SAN SIRO SPA
ISTITUTO CLINICO S.AMBROGIO SPA
IFCA SPA CASA DI CURA ULIVELLA E GLICINI
CASA DI CURA VILLA ELENA SRL
CASA DI CURA VILLA ELISA SPA
G.B. MANGIONI HOSPITAL SPA
CASA DI CURA SAN CAMILLO SRL
PINETA GRANDE SPA
OSPEDALE PRIVATO ACCREDITATO VILLA REGINA
VILLA TORRI HOSPITAL SRL
CASA DI CURA CITTÀ DI APRILIA SRL
CASA DI CURA NOSTRA SIGNORA LOURDES
I.R.C.C.S.POL. SAN DONATO
OSPEDALE PRIVATO DOMUS NOVA SPA
OSPEDALE PRIVATO VILLA IGEA SPA
OSPEDALE PRIVATO VILLA SERENA SPA
CASA DI CURA VILLA IGEA SRL
CLINICA PRIVATA VILLALBA SRL
VILLA DONATELLO SPA
VILLA MAFALDA SPA
SANTA MARIA MADDALENA
D’AMORE SRL
CASA DI CURA CIELLINI SPA
CASA DI CURA VILLA ERBOSA SPA
CASA DI CURA GRETTER GEST.C.M.C SRL
CASA DI CURA VILLA CANDELA SPA
VILLA LUCIA HOSPITAL SRL
SALUS HOSPITAL SPA
SEDES SAPIENTAE
ISTITUTI CLINICI DI PAVIA E VIGEVANO SRL
CASA DI CURA CASCINI SRL
VILLA MARGHERITA SPA
MARIA ROSARIA SPA
ISTITUTO CLINICO ZUCCHI PRESIDIO CARATE BRIANZA
ISTITUTO CLINICO ZUCCHI PRESIDIO MONZA
SAN PIER DAMIANO HOSPITAL SPA
ISTITUTO CLINICO CITTÀ DI BRESCIA SPA
CASA DI CURA VILLA PIA SRL
ISTITUTO CLINICO BEATO MATTEO
VILLA DEI FIORI SRL
CASA DI CURA TRUSSO SRL
LA VIALARDA SPA
CASA DI CURA TORTORELLA SPA
CASA DI CURA ORESTANO SRL
CASA DI CURA SANTA RITA SPA
CLINICA SANATRIX SPA
OSPEDALE INTERNAZIONALE SRL
CASA DI CURA FABIA MATER SPA
CASA DI CURA SAN MICHELE SRL
CASA DI CURA SALUS SRL
SEMANTIC ANALYSIS
05b — 73
FILTERS
RELIGIOUS WORDS SERVICES USER FEELINGS HEALTH CARE MATERIAL STATUS
05b
PRIVATE STRUCTURE WITH SPECIAL KEYWORDS
PRIVATE STRUCTURE WITH ONLY RESORT KEYWORDS
PRIVATE STRUCTURE WITH ONLY RELIGIOUS KEYWORDS
PRIVATE STRUCTURE WITH BOTH KEYWORDS
50
24
5
21
TOTAL KEYWORDS
RESORT KEYWORDS
RELIGIOUS KEYWORDS
325
242
83
SEMANTIC ANALYSIS
05b — 75
Understand what characterizes the imaginary of Private Healthcare and which are the most common keywords and which have more linguistic variations and which are more constant.
Scenario in private sector: a particulary imaginary.
During the semantic analysis for the definition of the private hospitals imaginary it has been necessary to summarize the semantic terms encountered during a second reading of keywords associated with the private hospitals. During this phase of research we made a further selection of the corpus of private hospitals, that limited the 81 results, to 50 results. For the analysis we started from the files generated by Alchemy API, filtered both in terms of relevance, only considered for values higher than 0.5, both in terms thematic. In this case, we have proceeded with the identification of two categories, through which it was possible to group the special keywords: the resort category, which is further divided into four sub-categories: feeling, structure, assistance, services and religion category. The second semantic analysis showed as the private hospitals are usual present themselves to potential patients as holiday destinations which as accredited
hospital. For each of the 24 keywords, we selected a corpus of terms, of variable size depending on the frequency associated with the keywords, similar to the keyword for morpheme or for meaning. Even in this case, the various corpus of terms have been organized in sequence by placing the keywords in its pure nature, the keywords associated with adjectives and other nouns, and finally the lexical variations and synonyms, in turn considered in the variations mentioned above. Each lemma is then quantified by calculating the recurrence within the websites analyzed, a factor that defined the order of the list of terms. We used again the orbital visualization for the special keywords based, once again on the construction of concentric rings which, besides collecting the terms related to the keywords, move away progressively from the central keywords going to highlight the semantic distance, both morphological and of meaning, that separates the terms.
The visualization obtained allow us, again, to understand what keywords are most frequent, if they are present in their pure nature or associated with adjectives and modified at the level of morpheme, which keywords are subject to linguistic and semantic variations and which, instead, are constants.
SEMANTIC ANALYSIS
1
1
4
4
1
32
2 3
8
13
BENESSERE
BENESSERE
14
14
2
2 3 19
15
13 15
124 1
7
187
8
3
10
10 6
5 6
9
8
17
17
CONFORT
CONFORT
6
6
2
2
1
1
7
16
8
8
8
CLIMA SANO
CLIMA SANO
CLIMA SANO
4
4
4
2
2
2
1
1
1
3
5
5
1
3
11
5
1
3
5
5
5
2
2
2
1
1
1
4
7
6
7
6
9
7 8
RISERVATEZZA
RISERVATEZZA
2
2
1
1
3 6
STRUTTURA MODERNA
1
4
3 6
3
3
4 5 SERENITÀ
3 6
STRUTTURA MODERNA STRUTTURA MODERNA
4
54
4 7
1
7
8
3
1
32
2 3
ECCELLENZA
ECCELLENZA
1
1
4 SERENITÀ
2
4
3
TRADIZIONE FAMILIARETRADIZIONE FAMILIARE
2
2
3 TRADIZIONE FAMILIARE
32
PROFESSIONALITÀ
2
7
A
3 6
1 2
4 5
E
LUOGO ACCOGLIENTE
5
4
1
10 6
9
3
PERSONALIZZAZIONE 4
3
8 54
ASSISTENZA EFFICIENTE ASSISTENZA EFFICIENTE ASSIST
4
4
3
1
9
3
IONE PERSONALIZZAZIONE
6
3 LUOGO ACCOGLIENTE LUOGO ACCOGLIENTE
4
3
1
6
3
3 3
6
6
15
1
16
7 2
5
6 10 16 9
1
7 2
6
4
115
106
1
9
4 12 5
11
4
2 10
3
05b — 76
2 3
PROFESSIONALITÀ
PRO
SEMANTIC ANALYSIS
05b — 77
BENESSERE
CLIMA SANO
ASSISTENZA EFFICIENTE
01. COMPLETO BENESSERE FISICO
01. CLIMA FAMILIARE
01. ASSISTENZA EFFICIENTE
02. BENESSERE FISICO
02. CLIMA GIUSTO
02. MIGLIORE ASSISTENZA
03. BENESSERE PSICOLOGICO
03. AMBIENTE SANO
03. SPLENDIDA ASSISTENZA
04. AMBIENTI LUMINOSI
04. ASSISTENZA PERSONALIZZATA
05. AMBIENTE SOBRIO
05. ASSISTENZA EFFICACE
COMFORT
06. MIGLIORI CONDIZIONI AMBIENTALI
06. QUALITÀ ASSISTENZA
01. COMFORT
07. ATMOSFERA ADATTA
07. ORGANIZZAZIONE EFFICIENTE
02. COMFORT AGGIUNTIVO
08. EFFICIENTE ORG. INTERSTRUTTURALE
03. COMFORT OSPEDALIERO
09. INFRASTRUTTURA EFFICACE
04. MAGGIORE COMFORT
LUOGO ACCOGLIENTE
05. ASSOLUTO COMFORT
01. LUOGO ACCOGLIENTE
06. MIGLIORE COMFORT
02. AMBIENTI ACCOGLIENTI
ECCELLENZA
07. COMFORT ALBERGHIERO
03. AMBIENTE ACCOGLIENTE ADATTO
01. POLO DI ECCELLENZA
08. MIGLIORE COMFORT ALBERGHIERO
04. FELICE COLLOCAZIONE
02. ECCELLENZA ALL'INTERNO
09. ULTERIORE COMFORT ALBERGHIERO
03. ASSOLUTA ECCELLENZA
10. COMFORT ALBERGHIERO VARIABILI 11. ELEVATO COMFORT ALBERGHIERO
STRUTTURA MODERNA
12. BUON COMFORT ALBERGHIERO
01. STRUTTURA MODERNA
PROFESSIONALITÀ
13. MAGGIOR COMFORT ALBERGHIERO
02. ATTREZZATURE MODERNA
01. PROFESSIONALITÀ INDUBBIA
14. AMBIENTE CONFORTEVOLE
03. COSTRUZIONE MODERNA
02. CORDIALITÀ, PREMURA, PROFESSIONALITÀ
15. SOGGIORNO CONFORTEVOLE
04. OSPEDALE MODERNO
03. ELEVATA PROFESSIONALITÀ
16. CONFORTEVOLE PUNTO
05. PRESTIGIOSO EDIFICIO
17. CONFORTEVOLE DAY HOSPITAL
06. PRESTIGIOSO CENTRO
18. CONFORTEVOLI CAMERE
07. FIORE ALL'OCCHIELLO
19. CONFORTEVOLI SALOTTINI
TRADIZIONE FAMILIARE PERSONALIZZAZIONE
01. LUNGA TRADIZIONE
01. PERSONALIZZAZIONI INTERNE
02. CONDUZIONE FAMILIARE
02. ASSISTENZA PERSONALIZZATA
03. ACCOGLIENZA FAMILIARE
03. PASTI PERSONALIZZATI
04. CLIMA FAMILIARE
04. VASSOI PERSONALIZZATI 05. POSSIBILI MENU PERSONALIZZATI 06. LIBERA SCELTA DELL'UTENTE
RISERVATEZZA 01. MASSIMA RISERVATEZZA 02. PIENA RISERVATEZZA 03. STANZE RISERVATE 04. NECESSARIA TRANQUILLITÀ 05. TRANQUILLITÀ 06. AMBIENTI TRANQUILLI 07. CAMERE PRIVATE 08. BAGNO PRIVATO 09. PROPRIA STANZA 10. PROPRI SERVIZI IGIENICI 11. NECESSARIO GRADO INTIMITÀ
SERENITÀ 01. RAFFINATA SERENITÀ 02. SERENA POSSIBILE 03. SERENO SVOLGIMENTO 04. SERENO PERIODO 05. ATMOSFERA SERENA
SEMANTIC ANALYSIS
3
3
13 4
1
13 4
4
2 12
1
2
5
12
5
1
1
SERVIZIO RELIGIOSO SERVIZIO RELIGIOSO
7
72
SERVIZIO RELIGIOSO
6
6
11
6
3
7
10
9
8
7
7 9
8
1
1
1
RITO CATTOLICO
RITO CATTOLICO
RITO CATTOLICO
BERGHIERO SERVIZIO ALBERGHIEROSERVIZIO ALBERGHIERO
4
5
2
CAPPELLA
13
13
1
5
5
5
3
3
3
2
2
2
1
1
1
12
CAP
3
3
3
OMPLETOSERVIZIO COMPLETO
SERVIZIO COMPLETO 4
3
3
2
2
84
4
ASSISTENZA SPIRITUALE ASSISTENZA SPIRITUALE ASSISTENZA SPIRITUALE
4
1
4
4
2
2
2
1
1
1
3
3
3
1
75
5
6
5
6
SERVIZIO DI RISTORAZIONE STORAZIONE SERVIZIO DI RISTORAZIONE
5
5
1
1
FUNZIONE RELIGIOSAFUNZIONE RELIGIOSA FUNZIONE RELIGIOSA
4 6
2
6
3
3
7
7
2
6 4
4
4
8
8
8
SERVIZIO PER ACCOMPAGNATORI COMPAGNATORI SERVIZIO PER ACCOMPAGNATORI
1
1
ASSISTENTI RELIGIOSI ASSISTENTI RELIGIOSI ASSISTENTI RELIGIOSI
3
TERMALE SERVIZIO TERMALE
2
SERVIZIO TERMALE
2
1
12
4
12 4
1
11
11
5
11
5
10
10
6
10
6
9
2
5
2
1
3
4
CAPPELLA
3
8 2
6 3
6 5
8
27
1
6
10
1
5
1
1
05b — 78
2
9 7
2
8
8
UMANITÀ
UMANITÀ
79
UM
SEMANTIC ANALYSIS
05b — 79
SERVIZIO ALBERGHIERO
SERVIZIO RELIGIOSO
CAPPELLA
01. SERVIZIO ALBERGHIERO
01. SERVIZIO RELIGIOSO
01. CAPPELLA INTERNA
02. SERVIZI ALBERGHIERI ACCESSORI
02. PROPRIA CAPPELLA INTERNA
03. STRUTTURA ALBERGHIERA
03. ACCOGLIENTE CAPPELLA
04. DIFFERENZA ALBERGHIERA
RITO CATTOLICO
04. PICCOLA CAPPELLA
05. ASSISTENZA ALBERGHIERA
01. RITO CATTOLICO
05. ANTICA CAPPELLA
06. OSPITALITÀ ALBERGHIERA
06. GRAZIOSA CAPPELLA
07. VISTA ALBERGHIERO
07. CAPPELLA SITA
08. COMFORT ALBERGHIERO
ASSISTENZA SPIRITUALE
09. MIGLIOR COMFORT ALBERGHIERO
01. ASSISTENZA SPIRITUALE
10. BUON COMFORT ALBERGHIERO
02. ADEGUATA ASSISTENZA SPIRITUALE
UMANITÀ
11. ELEVATO COMFORT ALBERGHIERO
03. ASSISTENZA RELIGIOSA
01. UMANITÀ NELL'ACCOGLIENZA
12. MAGGIOR ALBERGHIERI VARIABILI
04. ASSISTENZA RELIGIOSA PERSONALE
02. UMANITÀ MERAVIGLIOSA
13. COMFORT ALBERGHIERI VARIABILI
05. CONFESSIONE RELIGIOSA
03. RAPPORTO UMANO 04. ASPETTO UMANO 05. PROPRIA DIGNITÀ UMANA
SERVIZIO COMPLETO
FUNZIONE RELIGIOSA
06. INTERAZIONI UMANE
01. SERVIZIO COMPLETO
01. FUNZIONE RELIGIOSA
07. CARATTERE UMANO DEGLI OPERATORI
02. LODEVOLE SERVIZIO
02. SS MESSE
08. NONCHÈ UMANO
03. MIGLIOR SERVIZIO
03. FESTIVITÀ RELIGIOSE
09. ALTISSIMO VALORE UMANO 10. UMANIZZAZIONE DELL'ASSISTENZA 11. ATTENZIONE ALL'UMANIZZAZIONE
SERVIZIO DI RISTORAZIONE
ASSISTENTI RELIGIOSI
12. SPICCATA UMANIZZAZIONE
01. SERVIZIO DI RISTORAZIONE
01. ASSISTENTI RELIGIOSI
13. TANTA EMPATIA
02. RAFFINATO RISTORANTE
02. PADRE JOHN SCALABRINI
03. DISPONIBILI MENU
03. SUOR ORSOLA BENINCASA
04. MENU PREDISPOSTI 05. MENU GIORNALIERO 06. POSSIBILI MENU PERSONALIZZATI 07. PASTI PERSONALIZZATI 08. VASSOI PERSONALIZZATI
SERVIZIO PER ACCOMPAGNATORI 01. EVENTUALI ACCOMPAGNATORI 02. DISPOSIZIONE DELL'ACCOMPAGNATORE 03. LETTO PER L'ACCOMPAGNATORE 04. PASTI DELL'ACCOMPAGNATORE 05. RELAZIONI FAMILIARI 06. FAMILIARI RIGUARDO 07. PROPRI CARI 08. SOGGIORNO OSPITI
SERVIZIO TERMALE 01. BENESSERE TERMALE 02. ANTICHE ACQUE TERMALI 03. IMPORTANTI RISORSE TERMALI
Special keywords
The semantic research for the definition of private structures imaginary, has led to the classification of keywords in two categories. The first one has been called resort-soggiorno and it contains all the keywords associated with the physical characteristics of the structure, the type of assistance, services offered to patients and the feelings and emotions experienced during hospitalization. The second category has been called religione includes all the
SEMANTIC ANALYSIS
05b — 80
types of structures, assistance and services of a religious nature offers to the believer in the hospital. We completed our semantic research with the analysis of grouping classes of private hospitals. We identified the following classes: casa di cura, villa, clinica, istituto clinico, ospedale, hospital.
the semantic category resortsoggiorno, while the remaining four classes belong to the classic Health imaginary. The visualization shows for each of the 50 health structures: the class and the special keywords recurring, divided into the two categories mentioned above and pondered in terms of relevance and frequency.
These definitions are very different in terms of gender. There are, in fact, two classes – casa di cura and villa – thematically related to
HOW TO READ IT?
MINIMUM RELEVANCE (0,5)
MAXIMUM RELEVANCE (1) KEYWORDS CONNECTOR
SINGLE CATEGORY
MINIMUM COUNT 1
DUBLE CATEGORY
RESORT KEYWORDS COUNT
STATED KEYWORD
SINGLE CATEGORY
COMPOSED/DEDUCED KEYWORD
AND RELIGIUS NATURE
RELIGIUS KEYWORDS COUNT
SENSAZIONI
STRUTTURA SANITARIA
SERVIZI
ASSISTENZA
BENESSERE
CLIMA SANO
SERVIZIO ALBERGHIERO
ASSISTENZA EFFICIENTE
COMFORT
LUOGO ACCOGLIENTE
SERVIZIO COMPLETO
ECCELLENZA
PERSONALIZZAZIONE
MODERNA / PRESTIGIOSA
SERVIZIO DI RISTORAZIONE
PROFESSIONALITÀ
RISERVATEZZA
TRADIZIONE FAMIGLIARE
SERVIZI PER ACCOMPAGNATORI
SERENITÀ
SERVIZIO TERMALE
RELIGIONE
CLASSIFICAZIONE OSPEDALI
SERVIZIO RELIGIOSO
ND – NON DETERMINATO
RITO CATTOLICO
V – VILLA
ASSISTENZA SPIRITUALE
CdC – CASA DI CURA
FUNZIONE RELIGIOSA
C – CLINICA
ASSISTENTI RELIGIOSI
H – HOSPITAL
CAPPELLA
IC – ISTITUTO CLINICO
UMANITÀ
O – OSPEDALE
BENESSERE
COMFORT
PERSONALIZZAZIONE
RISERVATEZZA
CLIMA SANO SERENITÀ
ASSISTENZA EFFICIENTE
ECCELLENZA
LUOGO ACCOGLIENTE
PROFESSIONALITÀ
STRUTTURA MODERNA/PRESTIGIOSA
SERVIZIO ALBERGHIERO TRADIZIONE FAMILIARE
SERVIZIO DI RISTORAZIONE SERVIZIO COMPLETO
SERVIZI PER ACCOMPAGNATORE
SERVIZIO TERMALE
SERVIZIO RELIGIOSO
ASSISTENZA SPIRITUALE RITO CATTOLICO
ASSISTENTI RELIGIOSI FUNZIONE RELIGIOSA
CAPPELLA
UMANITÀ VILLA TORRI HOSPITAL S.R.L
VILLA MAFALDA S.P.A.
VILLA LUCIA HOSPITAL S.R.L.
VILLA DONATELLO S.P.A.
VILLA DEI FIORI S.R.L.
SEDES SAPIENTIAE
SANTA MARIA S.P.A.
SAN PIER DAMIANO HOSPITAL S.P.A.
SALUS HOSPITAL S.P.A.
QUISISANA
PINETA GRANDE S.P.A.
OSPEDALE SAN RAFFAELE I.R.C.C.S.
OSPEDALE PRIVATO VILLA SERENA S.P.A.
OSPEDALE PRIVATO VILLA IGEA S.P.A.
IC
OSPEDALE PRIVATO DOMUS NOVA S.P.A.
OSPEDALE INTERNAZIONALE S.R.L.
V+H
NUOVA CLINICA ANNUNZIATELLA S.R.L.
MARIA ROSARIA S.P.A.
H
LA VIALARDA S.P.A.
ISTITUTO CLINICO S. ANNA
ISTITUTO CLINICO BEATO MATTEO
C
IST. CLINICO CITTÀ DI BRESCIA S.P.A.
G.B. MANGIONI HOSPITAL S.P.A.
V+CdC
D'AMORE S.R.L.
CdC
CLINICA SANATRIX S.P.A.
CLINICA SAN MICHELE S.R.L.
CLINICA PRIVATA VILLALBA S.R.L.
CASA DI SALUTE SANTA LUCIA S.R.L.
V
CASA DI CURE TRIOLO ZANCLA S.P.A.
CASA DI CURE ORESTANO S.R.L.
CASA DI CURA VILLA PIA S.R.L.
CASA DI CURA VILLA MAIONE S.R.L.
CASA DI CURA VILLA IGEA S.R.L.
CASA DI CURA VILLA ERBOSA S.P.A.
CASA DI CURA VILLA ELENA S.R.L.
CASA DI CURA TRUSSO S.R.L.
CASA DI CURA TORTORELLA S.P.A.
CASA DI CURA SERENA S.P.A.
CASA DI CURA SANTA RITA S.P.A.
CASA DI CURA SANTA MARIA MADDALENA
CASA DI CURA SANT'ANNA S.R.L
CASA DI CURA SAN CAMILLO S.R.L.
CASA DI CURA NOSTRA SIGNORA DI LOURDES S.P.A.
CASA DI CURA GRETTER GEST.C.M.C. S.R.L.
CASA DI CURA FABIA MATER S.P.A.
CASA DI CURA CELLINI S.P.A.
CASA DI CURA CANDELA S.P.A.
CASA DI CURA VILLA ELISA S.P.A.
CASA DI CURA SALUS S.R.L.
ARS MEDICA S.P.A.
ND O
V+O
CONCLUSION
06 — 87
LITMUS TEST AND CONCLUSION 06
CONCLUSION
06 — 88
FILTERS
COOKING WEBSITES FACEBOOK PAGES JAVASCRIPT LINKS MAILTO LINKS WIKIPEDIA PAGES ONLINE SHOPS BEAUTY WEBSITES HOROSCOPE PDFS
LINKS POLISH
INITIAL KEYWORDS
GOOGLE RESULTS FOR EACH KEYWORD
TOTAL LINKS
25
64
1,600 1,288
SECOND LINKS POLISH (FIRST 10)
FOR EACH KEYWORD
KEYWORDS POLISH (2 REMOVED)
OUTLINKS ANALYSIS
10
250
2
1,740
OUTLINKS POLISH
1,538
CONCLUSION
06 — 89
What happens if we move backwards?
CONCLUSION
06 — 91
Doing a test to verify the accurancy of the process of analysis, allowed us to confirm the results obtained and the efficient of the research protocol that we have used.
Litmus test: taking a look at backward.
The final step of our analysis is a litmus test. We wanted to see what happens doing the reverse path analysis.
how actually appear sites that were identified in the first phase of research as Bollini Rosa and Onda Osservatorio, and many others that show a more social We used as queries in Google.com than medical nature. the same keywords defined earlier. To optimize this research Comparing the visualization it was necessary to program a obtained from the outlinks of the small script in php and javascript corpus of the structures with this based on Google API that can new visualization it was possible extract the first 64 results of a to find some common nodes that search query. reveal how some structures are Starting from 1,600 links more on the web than others. obtained from the first 64 results Interestingly, the important of 25 keywords entered, we after result obtained by the – legal made a first manual screening causes birth – keywords refer to that led to 1,288 links. the blog www.epidurale.blogspot.it It was then decided to keep that promote the right to free only the first 10 results for each epidural anaesthesia in Italy. keyword, so we restricted the results to 250 elements. Two keywords were removed because they were not relevant – anesthesia delivery and maternal suffering. After obtaining the set of sites, were generated through LinkRipper 1,740 outlinks then filtered to 1,538 links, which are those used in the visualization. From the view obtained by Gephi you can see
CONCLUSION
HOW TO READ IT? OUTLINKS NETWORK
A OUTDEGREE stroke LINKS
SOFFERENZA MATERNA
STRUTTURA OSPEDALIERA
TRAVAGLIO
ANSIA E STRESS
INFORMAZIONI
CORSO PRE PARTO
PERCORSO NASCITE
ASSICURAZIONI
GRAVIDANZA
ANESTESIA
OSTETRICIA
DOLORE
CODICE ETICO
CAUSE LEGALI
SERVIZIO SANITARIO
PARTO CESAREO
MORTE
BENESSERE MATERNO
SOFFERENZA FETALE
FORMAZIONE
PARTO
RICERCA
06 — 92
EPIDURALE BLOGSPOT. BLOG PROMOTING THE RIGHT OF FREE EPIDURAL ANAESTHESIA IN ITALY. HTTP://EPIDURALE.BLOGSPOT.COM/2010/11/ LA-PIAGA-DEGLI-STUDI-LEGALI-RIFLESSIONI.HTML
1. HEALTHCARE STRUCTURES,
LITMUS TEST ZOOM 2.4X
WITH THE LITMUS TEST WE HAVE FOUND SOME URLS THAT WE HAVE ALREADY FOUND IN OUR FIRST
1.
BOLLINI ROSA, ONDA OSSERVATORIO. CORRESPONDENCE TO HEALTHCARE STRUCTURES
ANALYSIS OF PRIVATE AND PUBLIC STRUCTURES
(URL) USED AS A STARTING POINT IN OUR
OUTLINK.
RESEARCH.
PUBLIC
ISTITUZIONI BLOG COMMUNITY
PRIVATE
REGIONE LOMBARDIA
PUBLIC AND PRIVATE
ONDA OSSERVATORIO AND BOLLINI ROSA
AZIENDE OSPEDALIERE AOU PISANA OSP. SAN RAFFAELE AO VALTELLINA E VALCHIAVENNA
CONCLUSION
06 — 96
Understand a dynamic complex phenomenon through a linear storytelling of a analysis process is the best way to answer at the research question on our topic.
Conclusion
Concluding with the view of our litmus test, we can say that our research only in some cases has confirmed the basic ideas that had emerged a priori, and led to the discovery of themes and relationships otherwise unknown. From the analysis of the websites of health care structure has emerged that many public hospitals do not have a website just able to communicate adequately the services offered to an increasingly web-addicted target. The study of the relationships between structures revealed the role of Onda Osservatorio and its program Bollini Rosa both in public than in private sectors. Another interesting aspect is the geographical distribution of private structures that, unlike previously expected, are very common in the center-south of Italy. Semantic analysis has allowed us to better understand which actors talk about certain topics
related to caesarean sections and the way in which. Understand if an actor most talked about insurance and risks, or physical pain, helped us to have a clearer view of its position and its role in the system. Not only the terms used within the sites of the structures, but the names themselves have provided an interesting semantic food for thought. As for any controversial theme, has not been possible to reach a comprehensive and definitive answer, but now we know various interesting aspects that give us a better understanding of the topic.
CONCLUSION
06 — 97