“What information do Italian people get when looking for advice on EMERGENCY CONTRACEPTION?” THE MORNING-AFTER PILL IN ITALY
PROJECT BY: Viviana Ferro Ilaria Pagin Sara Pandini Federica Sciuto Elisa Zamarian
SUMMARY
Introduction:
3
_Introduction _Hot topic _The Italian Situation _General scheme _Levels visualization
5 6 7 8 9
Chapter 1: _Google queries _Navicrawler analysis _Categories _Gephi analysis _Single gephi analysis
11 12 13 14 15 16 / 25
Chapter 2:
27
_Overlap categories _Main Links
28 29
Chapter 3:
31
_AlchemyAPI analysis _Entities scheme
32 33
Chapter 4:
35
_Opinion leaders names _H-index scheme
36 37
Conclusions
38
INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION
family planning socio economic implications the infographic woman condition
HOT TOPIC
why emergency pill? focus on the effects of family planning google trends: international situation about emergency pill
THE ITALIAN SITUATION
the morning-after pill in Italy: data and factions of thought
GENERAL SCHEME all steps of our work
LEVELS VISUALIZATION and their colours
ICPD 1995 programme of action startup
INTRODUCTION FAMILY PLANNING SOCIO ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS
TOTAL FUNDS for population activities (millions of current US $)
WOMAN CONDITION
REVISED COST ESTIMATES (2008)
70.000 60.000 50.000 40.000 30.000
Our project presents Socioeconomic family planning implications as main theme and in the first part of research, the work focused on the reason why family planning has been established. The International Conference on Population and Development held in Cairo in 1994 deemed family planning as one of the essential means to meet the Millennium Development Goals: Reduce widespread poverty, hunger, disease and gender inequality by 2015. As the end of the ICPD Programme of Action approaches, it has been interesting to analyse how the reached level of funds actually influenced the Countries in which these funds were invested.
20.000 10.000 5.000 0
FAMILY PLANNING funds (millions of current US $)
REVISED COST ESTIMATES (2008)
3.000
2.500
2.000
1.500
World
1.000
India Sub-saharan Africa
500 0
GDP GROWTH RATE
LDC AVERAGE
WORLD AVERAGE
8% 7% 6% 5% 4% 3% 2% 1% 0% -1.5% -2.5%
POPULATION GROWTH RATE
LDC AVERAGE
WORLD AVERAGE
2.8% 2.6% 2.4% 2.2% 2%
THE INFOGRAPHIC
1.8% 1.6% 1.4% 1.2% 1% 0.8%
In the topside of the poster, the system map was represented with the metaphor of Newton’s Cradle: The funds, coming from different institutions, are sent to developing and least developed countries to be invested in different activities, which have an effect on society, population and economics. These effects spring back directly through all the stakeholders, reaching again the international level that decides future actions. To understand the quality of these invest-
0.6% 0.4% 0.2% 0%
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
ments, the second part of the infographic was showing a comparison between average trends of the world and of LDC, trying to find a possible relation between quantity of funds, population growth and economic evolution.
The last part then concentrates on the conditions of women, the improvement of which is at the basis of a global change: the areas taken into consideration are India, first country to apply FP programmes, and Sub-Saharan Africa, region coping with the greatest difficulties in the world. In a second moment, the focus moved to the health topic, as contraceptives is a hot topic, especially recently, and comprehends both economical resources, because of farmaceutical industry, and ethic problems, as one of the main controversy about family planning is about its rightness from a religious point of view. The morning-after pill is considered an emergency contraceptive, Italy is the only country in which a prescription is needed. Moreover, some doctors refuse to give consent to the prescription and we thought this could be an interesting focus for the project.
HOT TOPIC
WHY EMERGENCY PILL? FOCUS ON THE EFFECTS OF FAMILY PLANNING
GOOGLE TRENDS: INTERNATIONAL SITUATION ABOUT EMERGENCY PILL
100 80 60 40 20 2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Education Women emancipation Mother and infant mortality Abortion number Fertility
CHANGES IN SOCIETY
CHANGES IN POPULATION
CHANGES IN ECONOMY
Religion Local beliefs Families Urbanisation Price
Demography Labour force Health
GDP
FILTERS
Local socio-economic conditions Community-level characteristics Literacy rate State machinery Efficiency of related services Media F.P. Clinics Pharmaceutical industries Hospitals Education in schools Media
Delivery methods
Before starting our research and deciding which would have been our main question, we analyzed the topic with Google Trends. It’s evident that the controversy is increasing, especially because there is a discussion about the funcioning of the morning-after pill: is it abortive or not? Does it interfere with the implantation of a fertilized egg? Often, from an ethical point of view, the pill is considered abortive and then conscentious objectors refuse to prescribe it, even if the the law doesn’t refers to medicines but only to the practice of surgery for abortion.
Morning-after pill % Usage
THE ITALIAN SITUATION
Lombardia: 20,4% Veneto: 17,9% Toscana: 20,3% Molise: 9,4% Lazio: 16,3% Calabria: 9,3%
THE MORNING-AFTER PILL IN ITALY: DATA AND FACTIONS OF THOUGHT In Italy emergency contraception is available in pharmacies and hospitals, but a medical prescription is needed to buy it, so first of all, it is necessary to find a willing doctor, that’s not an easy task, and often results in a lot of hours spent in different hospital lounges. The effectiveness of the pill is higher the sooner you take it after an intercourse, so the time to obtain it should be minimized, eliminating the obstacles. At first aid points, the morning-after pill can be prescribed to people, including minors, as they’re deemed by the law 194/78 “sexually released” by the age of 16. The Catholic Church has raised many objections to the use of the emergency pill, claiming that its presence in the market is wrong, as it has the explicit aim to abort. Consequently, all the doctors are firmly incited to practice moral objection and to refuse to prescribe the pill. However, conscientious objection only refers to abortion surgery and it’s not available for medicines also, so the morning-after pill falls within the normal jurisdiction of the doctor-patient relationship: the first one cannot deny the treatment required by the second one only on the basis of his own moral beliefs.
370 thousand sold packages
55% sold to teenagers between 14 and 19
of which
PROS
CONS
In italy the prescription is a
Conscientious objection
vailable for underage people also
prevent the prescription
Medicine prescription is considered emergency service, so it can prevent ulterior risks
Italian medical research confirms that the pill is not abortive, because it inhibit ovulation.
Catholic Church considers the consumption of the pill as aiming to abortion
Because of religious controversies, Italy is the only country where a prescription is required
GENERAL SCHEME ALL THE STEPS OF OUR WORK Google Queries 200 starting links
The research protocol starts from 200 links, which are analyzed with Navicrawler, then the useless or irrelevant links, as advertising, are cutted off. This step leads to a total of 1588 links, that are visualized thanks to Gephi, and from which are extracted the main entities with AlchemyAPI. Afterwards all the links are divided into 6 categories, which are pointed out graphically in the gephi results. The entities are also divided in categories and the final outcome should be scientific characters such as doctor or authors, who are researched in Google Scholar to understand who they are, what they wrote and what weigh in the medical world they have.
NAVICRAWLER FILTER_cut out irrilevant links 1588 link
GEPHI
ALCHEMYapi tagging
CATEGORIES
CATEGORIES
ACTOR RELATIONS MAP
SEMANTIC DIFFERENCES
opinion leader names GOOGLE SCHOLAR
LEVELS VISUALIZATION AND THEIR COLORS This kind of research can be visualized as levels put one on the other, as the kind of information we get is more and more specific: starting from the 200 links analyzed and visualized with Navicrawler and Gephi, the categories and overlaps are identified, then a further step consists in the detection of the most recurrent words (entities) and names. The passage is thus from something general as the links, to something specific as the single person, like a doctor or author, passing through the category to which a link belongs. We assigned a color to every level, that will be a chapter of our report. Those colors helped us to subdivide the work more clearly.
ENTITIES AND KEY WORDS With AlchemyAPI we found the main words that can be read in the links and their relevance. So we evidenced the leading terms. OPINION LEADER NAMES In the file achived with AlchemyAPI we extract the name most relevants. We found the relevance of each one with Google Scholar, eliciting the h-index value.
NETWORK OF THE QUERIES
OPINION LEADER NAMES Google Scholar
After the generation of 5 queries, we made the network of the links come out. With Gephi we created a scheme to visualize those connections.
ENTITIES AND KEY WORDS AlchemyAPI
QUERIES OVERLAP
NETWORK OF THE QUERIES Gephi / Navicrawler
The second step of our work was to underline the overlap of the links of each query. So we made some visualization that can show what links are in common between queries.
QUERIES OVERLAP Gephi / Excel
CHAPTER 1 GOOGLE QUERIES NAVICRAWLER ANALYSIS reduction process links
CATEGORIES and icons
examples and icons
GEPHI ANALYSIS
the network visualized in a complete scheme
SINGLE QUERIES ANALYSIS
GOOGLE QUERIES
The first step is the identification the queries that are to be searched in Google.com; there are 5 different queries, whose aim is to obtain an higher number of results, with links belonging to different categories: a query like “levonorgestrel or norlevo” will conduct to scientific links in an easier way, while “aborto del giorno dopo” aims to find religious blogs or moral controversies. For each query, the first hundred links were taken into consideration and gradually put in an excel file, so they could be prepared to the analysis with Navicrawler. The double links or irrelevant links were eliminated from the excel files.
NAVICRAWLER ANALYSIS REDUCTION PROCESS LINKS
After eliminating the unproductive links from the results of the five queries, there has been the analysis with Navicrawler to detect the first connections between links. We got a total of 5240 links, from which there has been eliminated non funcioning links, advertising and links with only one connection (leaves).
200 starting links
NAVICRAWLER FILTER_cut out irrilevant links
1588 links
INFORMATION
MEDICINE
OPINION
SALE
RELIGION
NEWS
IRRILEVANT
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
37,5%
13,8%
11,6%
1,8%
15,1%
18,5%
2,8%
CATEGORIES AND ICONS To make a useful division of the kind of information that a user can find while searching news about emergency contraceptive, there has been established 6 categories. the first one is “information”, that encloses all the links that give neutral report of effects and funcioning of the morning-after pill; “religion” includes all the blogs, websites and discussion about the morning-after pill being abortive or not from an ethical point of view; “news” for online magazines and articles; “medicine” includes those websites that are or refer to scientific papers, “sale” for online clinics or shops; “opinion” encloses blogs and user experiences, selfbased information websites, such as the description of the steps in a hospital to obtain the prescription of the emergency pill. Here are some examples of the links we found and categorized.
EXAMPLES AND ICONS
INFORMATION
RELIGION
www.salute.gov.it
This website is administrated by the government, the information are available to the citizens, they’re given according to the law and in the most complete and neutral form.
MEDICINE This website contains many kind of information: it has a magazine part for the news, a section in which making questions to a doctor aggiungere is possible and other parts in which information are mostly scientific.
www.vitadidonna.it
This acronym uccr means “unione cristiani cattolici razionali” and it’s a website created by some students to talk about religious matters in relation with the everyday life.
SALE
http://magazine.paginemediche.it
NEWS
www.uccronline.it
-
This website is connected to an association and gives information and news about the main trends to improve the health and how to behave in case of difficulty.
www.121doc.it
This is an online private clinic. It’s possible to buy medicines and get informations about health. In some cases it’s possible to get medicines recipes by answering a brief questonnaire.
OPINION genitoricrescono.com
This website was founded by 2 friends to talk about their experiences as parents. In the websites there are news, advices, stories, people who ask questions and opinions.
GEPHI ANALYSIS THE NETWORK VISUALIZED IN A COMPLETE SCHEME
To gain a visual result that would have made what kind of relations lie between the found links more clear, we used Gephi: it’s a program that uses a force atlas 2 algorithm and it’s a way to visualize how links are connected to each other. In this way it was also possible to identify a hierarchy between links, to eliminate the leaves and keep all the links with an higher number of connections.
QUERY 1 CONTRACCEZIONE DI EMERGENZA
INFORMATION: 1_www.salute.gov.it 2_it.wikipedia.org 3_www.lucacoscioni.it 4_www.pilloladelgiornodopo.it
1 1
MEDICINE:
4
1_magazine.paginemediche.it 2_nuke.massimotombesi.it
SALE: 3
1_www.121doc.it
1
2
OPINION:
2
1_blog.donnamoderna.com 2_www.aduc.it 3_salute.aduc.it
NEWS:
2
3
1
1
1_www.vitadidonna.it
RELIGION: 1_www.academiavita.org
1
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Writing in the searchbar “contraccezione d’emergenza”, it is possible to find every kind of link, belonging to all the categories. The results of the research were various and different from each other, neverthless the category with the highest number of link is information: salute.gov.it is one of the main websites and it appears in other queries, moreover it’s linked basically to other information (wikipedia) or medicine websites. At last, there are the categories of news and sale, even if religion didn’t have a big part in the graphic from Gephi, either. Observing the connections between websites, we could see that magazine.paginemediche.it is connected only to medicine websites, while to the opinion blog donnamoderna.it are linked websites from almost every category.
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THE SUBDIVISION OF THE LINKS
QUERY 2 LEVONORGESTREL OR NORLEVO
INFORMATION: 1_en.wikipedia.org 2_www.who.int 3_ec.princeton.edu 4_it.wikipedia.org 5_www.torrinomedica.it 6_birthcontrolnews.org 7_www.treccani.it 8_www.comodo.it 9_www.levo4u.com 10_www.nationalpartnership.org
2
1 7 6
4
MEDICINE: 1_www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov 2_www.nhs.uk 3_www.rxlist.com 4_www.albanesi.it 5_www.paginesanitarie.com 6_druginfo.nlm.nih.gov
5
1
6
2
5
3 4
SALE:
2
1_www.euroclinix.it 2_ www.121doc.it
OPINION:
8
1
10
1_www.comitatoveritaevita.it 3
1
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As expected by searcing the name of the active principle of the morning-after pill and it’s market name, the main links belong to 2 categories: medicine and information. Sale and religion are almost absent, but the second one is linked to an opinion website, and this in not unusual: religion blogs are often linked to opinion websites. As it can be seen in the graphic on the left, there are 2 kind of links: primary links (circles with number) and secondary links (simple circles). The principal links belongs mainly to the information category, followed by medicine, news, opinion, sale and religion. It was exactly as expected, since we tried to search this kind of keywords to obtain scientific websites.
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rg v.au .o er .go u rg uk um vic .o g. ns h. .eu ed as or o .uk alt pa n. ip a. dc ov e ro to rg g w. .fp o .g rh u ce .or k .o w w .fo h tte a.e rin g wwwwww.d.bes.ee s.ps.org hec ights w w wort.wwecu .orityc omver g w l i c i p g j.or ww ep w .s ht ea rs. ct .or u dn r r u r wwwww. .rh uteodoice .edorg hoo r n . e t w wwwwwww.r.reprochcetouncial renn.edu .com n wwwww.p.prionpconedpceto rtio wwwwww.p.planr.prinrg onaboorg.uk . i w w www.opow.oicatopes d n t w wwwwww. .mearie4su.com du vo rg o.jhu.e wwwww.m w w w.l.keff.poie gg om w a.cm wwww.j.ihppf-.oprharm w ww .hra pages.co w ww .gyn org w ww .fsrh. fo.org w in .uk c w ww w.cero u oko.onrg ww b t v.ed wpwr.wp.rince o ata.fda.gov o ww.usa.gss d gov w ww.acce .ni willbox.nlm h.h. p lm.ni gov www.n .nih.goavnk.ca www www.drugb icaltrials.gov aign.org www.chlin enationalcamp www.t m www.sciencedaily.cothood.org www.plannedparen www.fda.gov ww en w.bmj.com. w .wikipedia.org ecww.who.int it .princeton.ed w.wikipedia.o u biww.torrin rg w rthcont omedica.it w ww.tre rolnews.org w ww.co ccani.it w ww.le modo w ww.n vo4u.c .it w ww. ation om w ww pagin alpar w ww .pagi esan tnersh o ww .pag nesa itaaririetv.nipe.org mss- .pa ineesanniit etv t w onsper-gcin li san tarieo .com wwwwit.to oraggn.a- geintaz rieonnlline.it wwwwww.if.merdrinoio m farm iafa ine.c wwwwww.f.hsoa.it .jhu.eedicaaci.argmaco.iom awpwww.csnomntalu du .org enziafta rma owbwpwlic.acri.eitrmeceo.citia.it co.it wwwgwyn.bstdion. g.it wwwww. .he.bsd.uchfnom wwwwww.gphaalth.uchicag ceo wwwwww.b.lillymc-rmaonnicago.ed.it pwwwww.b.geaye.couk.ocyr et.o o.e u wwwhar w.o.weooronr.itm rg egulrg du w w m si b ts. .co ati w. .e a.b ris m w m on d e mm .or ededayetx.co.bobmd g ile ici r.co m ots .co xicne m .co m h m o n. eal o r th g .c om
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THE SUBDIVISION OF THE LINKS
QUERY 3 “PILLOLA DEL GIORNO DOPO” OR PDGD
INFORMATION:
2
1_www.salute.gov.it 2_www.gyneconline.net 3_femminismi.wordpress.com 4_magazine.paginemediche.it 5_www.aied.it 6_ it.wikipedia.org 7_www.vitadidonna.it
3
3
MEDICINE:
1
1
1_nuke.massimotombesi.it
SALE:
7
4
1_www.121doc.it 2_www.euroclinix.it
OPINION:
4
2 6
5
4
2
1_genitoricrescono.com 2_www.comitatoveritaevita.it 3_www.aduc.it 4_salute.aduc.it
1
1
5 1
NEWS:
2
1_www.radicaliroma.com 2_vulcanostatale.blogspot.it
1 3
RELIGION: 1_holyqueen.altervista.org 2_christusveritas.altervista.org 3_marcodaviano.wordpress.com 4_www.alleanzacattolica.org 5_ www.vatican.va
2
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om r.c de in pl .s ta vi rla it it .it pe c. c. to du du uc ad ita .a .a m he ine it e. co og nl c. ion .it it w. .dr so du az uc .uk c. rg it r t o d u o o a i . ww ww w.s tlc. mig a.a c.c .ad uc. om gs b. w w w. im atu .bb nto .ad .it ot.c oblo tawe w . il s e p a ww ww w.d ew lam enzeaduc logs ud.n og.k w w .n ar ert re. .b a-s .bl m w ww .p vv sti -on o- ini co ot. w ww w.a ve ay ism per g w w .in -m in lip .or logsp et w ww .on mm na lce .b .n w w fe da do me am ww ww. .lore ntro dino sterd .it w ww .rie ra am duc w ww .chia mm li.a e.it w ww ma ina ical h w w. am ad .c a m m t r wwww.s adio uspd itz.co no.co t w ww.r vss- .sn sco vita.i w ww.s orum oricre ritae w ww.f enit atove w ww.g omit t t w .c c.i uc.i w ww w.adulute.ad g.com ww w.sa rldma .it ww w.wo nuova rg ww w.citta zym.o m .it ww .kora es.co blica wwww.latimca.repubnet ww w.ricer idiario. ww w.ilsuss g ww .zenit.or .it www .avvenire a.it www lfoglio.it zaroman www.i orrisponden e.it www.cvulcanostatal a.it www. emi.repubblic www.t wf.it www.w tizionionline.it gspot.com www.pe ostatale.blo www.vulcan www.asca.it www.change.org ataweb.it www.cittadinolex.k www.ilgiornale.it www.liquida.it www.corriere.it www.associazionelucacoscioni.it www.europaquotidian www.roma.repubblic o.it a.it www.roma.corri ere.it www.natu www.wa re.com www.milshingtonpost.com www.j ano.repubblica.it www. ournals.elsevi www. nytimes.com er.com www. lastampa.it www newnotizie. it www .agi.it www .fhi.org ww .qn.qu ww w.medscotidiano ww w.mpv. ape.com.net ww w.ilme org ww w.libe ssagg ww w.tv. ro.it ero.it ww w.vit repub ww w.pi adido blica.i w w.d ane nna.o t ta w ww w.q iregio donn rg w w.t uotid vani. a.it w ww.a echn iano tv w ww.f nsa orati.csanit w ww.c amig.it om a.it w ww. hie lia w ww rad sa.e cris w ww .vulc icali spr tian w ww .ho an rom ess a.it w ww .ch lyqu ost a.c o.re w ww .m rist ee atale om pubb lica w ww .al arc usv n.a .b .it w ww .va lea oda eri lter log w w .f ti nz vi tas vis spo w c a o a w ww .t co an ca no .alt ta.o t.it w w .b otu lar .va ttoli .wor ervis rg ca dp ta w w w.l lo st e. .or res .or w w w. ib gc uu org g s.c g w w w. ve ert att s.b om ww ww w.fecomritae aep olic iz w. .sc de ita vit erso i.bl ce ie rvi tov a.b na ogs sn nz ta er lo .o po ur aev pie ita gsp rg t.c .o it m ev ot om r a o g . or nte ita.d .com g .i o t cv ita .c om
Also this query got variegated results, as the keywords were simply an utility name as “pillola del giorno dopo or pdgd”. The interesting thing is that religion, news and opinion has almost the same number of websites in the less relevant links, while in the main junctions information got the first place, again, followed by religion. The strange thing is that one would expect that, in this query, the results for medicine and religion would have been even, while there’s no news in finding again information as the main category in both the primary and secondary links (cf. to the scheme on the left page). From a qualitative point of view, it’s interesting to notice how the religious websites are almost always linked to other religious websites, with a small variation of opinion or news.
om
THE SUBDIVISION OF THE LINKS
QUERY 4 “PILLOLA DEL GIORNO DOPO” ABORTO
INFORMATION: 1
1_www.centrodonnalisa.it 2_www.vitadidonna.it 3_it.wikipedia.org
SALE:
5
1_www.121doc.it 4
OPINION: 1_salute.aduc.it 2_www.svss-uspda.ch 3_www.aduc.it 4_www.sorelleditalia.net 5_genitoricrescono.com 6_www.comitatoveritaevita.it 7_www.bios.bologna.it 8_www.bastabugie.it 9_www.fuocovivo.org 10_www.libertaepersona.org
NEWS:
2 5 8
3 2
3
1
3 1
1
1_www.mpv.org 2_www.zenit.org
2
4
6
8 9
RELIGION: 1_www.uccronline.it 2_blogcattolici.blogspot.it 3_holyqueen.altervista.org 4_costanzamiriano.com 5_www.segnideitempi.org 6_difendilavita.altervista.org 7_christuscastitas.altervista.org 8_www.vatican.va 9_www.postaborto.it
10
2 1
7
6 9
7
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m g m .co or co g a. m ta ss. or n co vi it re o. so t. oc e. dp i v e r po .d nt or ov ep gs ita o m oc rta blo aev iemt.co it nia.ws.com . o s .fu be a. it ap o w li it er i t sp g na i l re w . ev v rv og or tia ab p g w wwri taitatoedeo.bl are. cris dabworda.or t w e m .f i v ol li a io a. i st a.i v o w ov oc i g om cci rv en c e i ww m .f am ol ro l t -s g .i t uo www.f popsul l abi a.aevitata.or .org gi a w e i e wwsci t casanofoenza aev i gl i tag u na tia sci e nz fam g ne -s om u ri s w. sci m .or mo s.c c w w. oru ur l ti re s w w w.f esn ci de rdp om w . c i g w o s . c om e .i t com ww w am f.or ro. re s ot.c wwww. .di sze phi ordplogsp.i t ovi ve rpre ss. i w b e d w w l . . d r r wwingeovi votal e scorri e e -vog is.wo w om li be ra. zion ti on m u uod mao oci a e rsa n.co q 7esi .ass onv rg lebe 2 w oc o.o dasti n ww ue rrfe c.i l -doi tz.com pe w ng-f it w w rum.sne we gul ogna. e b.org .b .bo nw fo w wwww.savome not.org .i t w ww.w mi ni s com e .mybl og w .fe blr. ti cant wwzw .i t com 3.tum praic pa a8cattoliica d ale li nde r. un w.rad oerarl avita.stp wwmi tatop o.aduc.i t co me nt e .aduc.i parlaig razi on i mmghe.aduc.it dro tua.aduc.it .it dila rte nze.aduc avve t tlc.adul ic.i ne .aduc.it sosonti re. aduc.it .org i nves adic lparty www.r li.aaduc .it stami na ot.i t chiaradinome.blogsp on-may-on.blogspot.com fi rmi amo.i t www.rientrodolce .org www.mammamsterdam.net www.donnepe nsanti.net www.bl i mund www.anti vi a.net perfectio ol enzadonna.it chiarad conversati onis.bl ogspot.com www. inome .blogspot.com www maschi le plurale www .malve stite .ne .it war .arcile sbi ca t sud ne r.bl ogs.n .it ww de ge nere . yti mes.com ww w.mamm wordpre ss.co m f e w.i l corp amster da m ww minism ode ll e do m.blogspot.c om ww w.usci o-a-sud nne .ne ww w.ma amoda .noblo t w w.do re aonl l si l e nzio.ogs.org rg l e ww.ca nne alt i ne .i t fl ari be ll dmi.o ri .i t w t.nob ul e .no rg w ww.m l ogs.o blogs.o rg w ww.z pv.o rg w ww. eni t rg w ww. wash .org n ww natu ingt w ews .jou re .c onpo v ww .bbc rnals om st.com a i tad .vi t .co.u .e ls w sso ido adi d k evier.c i n wwciaz nna onn om w te .qu i on .bl o a.o w wwrruz oti e l u gsp rg w w .p i on di a caco ot. w w w.r e ti ed no sci com w w w.l adi zi o i gr san oni z w w. i qu cal ni o avi i ta. .wuf o w en w. ass id i ro nl i dan i t o .co w w i t. ag oc a.i t ma.cne.i t za.tu m w w w org e nsi ri azi o om mb w w w .l i b . i t ne l r.c w w w .i l e l r t om u c w w w . a e m oaco w w w . a si a p n e sci c w w . a sc ne o. w on r o w .v dn a.i w it s.i t i .i t w ass rrie .il s oce kro t s.i t w eg re ol d no w n de e2 i ta s .ze a. l 4 li .co ro camven ore a.it m vi e e . c o le ra. to.c om n za i t orri do er e. nn it e. it
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Looking at the graphic it is possible to notice that in this query most of the links belong to the religion category, that includes almost only religious website, with few exceptions. In this query we can also find the highest number of news websites. The opininion websites lead to medicine links, that are the few green circles in the query, almost never link to religious websites. Sale is the category with the least number of links: there are only two, one is a primary junction, the other is a secondary link. As almost all religious websites are against the emergency pill, there’s no news in seeing that there are few links for sales. Last but not least, information has always a huge percentage of links, even if this time the opinion category in the principal junctions appears more.
o a. an tic va
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THE SUBDIVISION OF THE LINKS
QUERY 5 ABORTO DEL GIORNO DOPO
INFORMATION:
5
1_it.wikipedia.org 2_www.lucacoscioni.it
6
4
OPINION: 1_www.sorelleditalia.net 2_genitoricrescono.com 3_www.comitatoveritaevita.it 4_www.lucisullest.it 5_save194lazio.wordpress.com 6_www.centrodonnalisa.it
9
1 7
6
NEWS: 3
1_www.vitadidonna.it
1
8
RELIGION: 1_www.uccronline.it 2_costanzamiriano.com 3_blogcattolici.blogspot.it 4_difendilavita.altervista.org 5_christuscastitas.altervista.org 6_www.fuocovivo.org 7_www.vatican.va 8_www.postaborto.it 9_www.bios.bologna.it
2
1
4
2
3
2
5
1
7
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t t.i om p o t. c o m m co gs po t.c org om lo s o ss. rg g b og sp sta. ss.c pre i e om .o .or ici. .bl log ord no re tol lici i.b ltervrdpr ot.c .w om a o p do la at to lic nia s.c il- co gc at to .it ia. .w gs ilo res w. .foblologc catmoofobhiros.blo bab rdp wwwwwwww. .bblogmiatiandzeptalet iodaia.wo om www w. .fir ris ge libette.iolomrocc s.c wwwwww.c.winuodasepop ulla res e.it rdp ier ww w .q om ite sas r w o r w r c a . o w w wwwww.uusnacf.orgvivo.ora.c.net .com w t wwwww. .disomosimdaitalisaconovita.i com w w w.u 7e lle cre itae ess. w w w.2 ore ori ver w w .s nit tato t.it wordpr w w e . s wwww..gcomiisulle4laziaolisa.it w ww .luc e19 onn w ww .sav trod a.it w ww .cen tamp .com it w ww .las mag iaset. t w 1 d d e wwwww.wgocrlom.m no.ne w ww.t n.quotidia w ww.q ws.va co.uk w ww.ne graph. .it le w ele www..lt occidl.eint ta www .ispies ews.it.com www as aknro os www. dn nole x.kataweb.it www..acit www tadin www.nytimes.com www.iss.it ews.it www.gaian www.newnotizie.it www.leggo.it www.ri www cerca.repubblica.it www .quotidianiespresso.repubblica.it ww .radio24.ilsole24ore.com ww w.korazym.or ww w.sursumco g w w.sursum rda-domin w ww.zenit corda-dominuum.blogspot.it m.blogs w ww.vita .org pot.it w ww.sa didonn w ww.as perido a.org w ww.r socia c.it w ww.liadica zionelucac w ww.a quid lirom o w ww. sso a.it a.com scioni.wu foo.c w ww mpv ciazi om w ww .uni -cav onelu w ww .pe vers .ven cac w ww .tv tizio itad eto oscioni. w ww .th .rep nio elle .it it w w .c ea ubb nlin don w w w.w erc tlan lic e.i ne.it w w w.w om ou tic a.it t w w w. om en nbi .co w w w. zer e ew mb m wwwww.ilvsoceovionl .it s.neo.net wwwww.r.corrole2ditalenza t w wwwwww.i.lasepubiere 4oria.it donn e.i wwwww. .liblgiotam blicdelve.co t wwwwwww. .asiltemerornalpa.i a.itenetm a t e o c n w . co .o.ilsunsa a.itpo.i ews.it rri s . t .it ere s erssidit .it va ia to rio re .n r o m et an o. va
.it no .it o rg it t ia .o re. e.i tid ian .it pv ie ir uo om id ca m orr en oq .c ot bli om re.it w. .c avvber mesaqu ub it st.c rie wwwwwwww. .lilati ropi.rep43. npo o.cor t a.i wwwww. .eutemterangto.uk oric it ian w w . et ffi o st .it id na. w t l c w o . . q o u i w ma wwwwww.h.bbcchivovablaqu aro wwwww.alranuussioo.it denz w w w. lab gl pon uk w wwwww. .ilfoorriist.orgil.co. w w w.c en ma it .it w w .z aily sir. rai w ww .d en ved a.it w w g e n wwww..avienaididodnio.orag.org w ww .vit tegi ican w t n www .sa iova na.it wwwww.rfiaddes.olriagcristia e.it w ww. mig org w ww.falerus. uovolto.itive.forumfre w ww.c rcoilt pietrev spot.com w ww.ce cristo trevive.blog w on m pie www.c ncristoitytoday.coogspot.it www..co christiancattolica.bl lia www ig m an.va www.fa rg mv.vatic www..op onoutcry.o y.com www erati ationoutcrm www.operve onde.co www.nuo www.pontifex.roma.it ita.it www.pastoralespiritual www.prolife.it www.rad www.pr iomaria.org www eghiereagesuemaria.it ww .advm.org ww w.salvatorecris ww w.sav.bologn afulli.it w w.rassegn a.it w ww.sacrop astampa-t tustu us.it w ww.aca rofanosacro.obl w ww.cos demiavi ospo co t . w ww.tra tanzam ta.org m w ww.to cce.it iriano.wor dpress w ww.s tustu .com w ww.r entin ustoo w ww.r isco elled ls.ne w ww elig ssac elma t w ww .rad ione ristia ttino w ww .pro icicr nlib na.it .org w ww .me life istia erta w ww .m eti new ne. d.com w ww .li arc ngr s.it it w w .f bre iap imi w w w.f ede ria erla ni.o w w w. arm cu del vit rg w w w. edi a ltu san a.it w w w. ca zio cia ra. to. wwwww.vcaaththolinisedellacom it wwwwww.t.totuticaolicchnewgno.istazi wwwwww. .saotusstunins eralsaget one.c om www w. .rasanntortuuus.i ider d.co ncy wwwwwwww. .nnoi tzint-ag osars.bitz .last .uk .com am m et ca g os io w pa .t.obio aracrimttoler.ittino.ne .it .i t tu eti na .o ici st ca th rg .it t u e a u s. fam.it bi i z gli a. it
Unexpectedly in this query there’s the lowest number of information an medicine links. The second category is often linked to news or opinion website, as expected, religious websites almost never relate to medicine or scientific links, as they are the counterpart. The principal junctions are mostly from religion and opinion category, and as we can see, religion category has the highest percentage of websites in the less relevant links. We can conclude that the trends the relationships between sites follow are always regular: religion leads to opinion and religion, almost never to information, while medicine mainly leads to medicine and information, rarely to opinion and sometimes to news or sales.
g
THE SUBDIVISION OF THE LINKS
CHAPTER 2 OVERLAP CATEGORIES
percentage stated by the starting links of every query
MAIN LINKS
and the connection with the queries
OVERLAP CATGORIES
PERCENTAGE STATED BY THE STARTING LINKS OF EVERY QUERY
While analyzing all the relations between links, it was clear that there are also relations between links from different categories, so we decided to produce a graphic with Gephi that includes all the links we found while analyzing the 5 queries, showing every
QUERY 1
QUERY 2
Contraccezione di emergenza
Levonorgestrel or Norlevo
QUERY 3
“Pillola del giorno dopo” or PDGD
connection so that, at a second time, in the picture all the six categories can be underlined.The apllied criteria are the same as the single queries graphics, but in this way the aim is to show immediatly the overlaps between categories.
QUERY 4
QUERY 5
“Pillola del giorno dopo” aborto
Aborto del giorno dopo
INFORMATION
MEDICINE
SALE
OPINION
NEWS
RELIGION
2,5% 8%
4,8% 3,3% 10,5% 2,1%
17,1% 1,4% 14,8% 14,2% 15,1%
6,4% 0,5% 20% 18,1% 26,6%
18,2%
285 links
11%
26,8%
28,2%
375 links
2%
350 links
25,5%
37,1%
52,4%
332 links
200 links
51%
2,8% 0,7% 23,5% 24,5% 30,1%
MAIN LINKS
AND THE CONNECTIONS WITH THE QUERIES
birthcontrolnews.org blog.donnamoderna.com
blogcattolici.blogspot.it
christuscastitas.altervista.org costanzamiriano.com difendilavita.altervista.org druginfo.nlm.nih.gov ec.princeton.edu en.wikipedia.org femminismi.wordpress.com
genitoricrescono.com holyqueen.altervista.org
it.wikipedia.org magazine.paginemediche.it marcodaviano.wordpress.com
nuke.massimotombesi.it
salute.aduc.it save194lazio.wordpress.com vulcanostatale.blogspot.it
www.121doc.it www.academiavita.org
www.aduc.it www.aied.it www.albanesi.it www.alleanzacattolica.org www.bastabugie.it
www.bios.bologna.it www.centrodonnalisa.it
www.comitatoveritaevita.it www.comodo.it
www.euroclinix.it www.fuocovivo.org
www.gyneconline.net www.levo4u.com www.libertaepersona.org
www.lucacoscioni.it
www.postaborto.it
www.lucisullest.it www.mpv.org www.nationalpartnership.org www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov www.nhs.uk www.paginesanitarie.com www.pilloladelgiornodopo.it www.radicaliroma.com www.rxlist.com
www.salute.gov.it
www.segnideitempi.org
www.sorelleditalia.net www.svss-uspda.ch www.torrinomedica.it www.treccani.it
www.uccronline.it
www.vatican.va
www.vitadidonna.it www.who.int www.zenit.org
QUERY 1
QUERY 2
QUERY 3
QUERY 4 QUERY 5
CHAPTER 3 ALCHEMY ANALYSIS
percentage and keywords
ENTITIES SCHEME
ALCHEMY ANALYSIS
To understand and classify the main topics of the found links, it was used AlchemyAPI: this tool consented to extract from the links the main entities and keywords, so it could be made a table to explain the number of the words and the number of times they’re written. The percentage are referred to the totality of the words found thanks to AlchemyAPI and to which were deleted the entities with a value lower than 0,6; thus it is easier to under stand which category prevales on the others.
46 words
PERCENTAGE AND KEYWORDS
INFORMATION
26%
MEDICINE
28,5%
SALE
10,8%
OPINION
21,8%
NEWS
10,8%
RELIGION
2,1%
Zapatero
vomito
Ulipristal
tumore
tromboflebite
TNEJM
servizi sociali
sclerosi multipla
rapporto
Papa
nausea Norlevo
Ministero della Salute
Levonorgestrel
Levonelle
ischemia cardiaca
ipertensione
Interruzione
gravidanza extrauterina
gravidanza
Governo
gonorrea
Giovanni Paolo II
Food and Drug Administration
fecondazione
farmacia notturna
farmacia
estradiol
emergency c.
EllaOne
ectopic pregnancy
dolore
dispositivo intrauterino
disidratazione
diarrea
c. d'emergenza
contraccettivi
Consiglio regionale
Chiesa cattolica
Centro Medico Santagostino
calcolo
calcio
asma
angina, emicrania
aids
aborto
ENTITIES SCHEME
0.100
0.90
0.80
0.70
0.60
0.50
0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0
CHAPTER 4 OPINION LEADER NAMES H-INDEX SCHEME
Albert Yuzpe Alessandra Graziottin Amit Khutti Ann Aschengrau Levin Anna Pompili Baird DD Brache V Brown RW Bruna Rebagliati Bygdeman M Carlo Flamigni Carmen Cravioto Chen J Cheng W Chen-Mok Cochon L Cora Collette Breuner Corrado Melega D.A. Grimes Davidoff F. Dott. Ciro Iannone Dott. Bernard Nathanson Dott. Nicola Blasi dottor Sandro Spinsanti dr. Christophe Tieze dr. E.Blecheshmidt Dr. Emanuele Cosentino dr. Joe DeCook dr. Roy Hefferman Dr. Santo Angileri Dr. Vinand Nantulya dr. William Liley Durand M Eleanor Bimla Eliana Barcellona Emilio Arisi F.A. Davis Ferruccio Fazio Fuentes M.A. Gabrio Zacchè Gemzell-Danielsson K Gloria Dolciotti Gloria Polo Helena von Hertzen Isabel Rodrigues, MD J. Obstet J. Wang Jerome Lejeune Livio Zanoio Luigi Montevecchi Luigi Sacco Mauro Maccari Monica Bock Paola Bianchi Raymond EG Renzo Puccetti Rosa Maria Sabatel Serena Donati Silvio Viale Sir Liam Donaldson Tiziano Motta Umberto Veronesi van Hylckama Vlieg Vincenzo Spinelli Wilcox AJ Zhou L Ziebland S www.lucacoscioni.it
www.parliamodiaborto.org
www.famigliadomani.it
www.sorelleditalia.net
vulcanostatale.blogspot.it
www.associazionelucacoscioni.it
save194lazio.wordpress.com
www.pastoralespiritualita.it
digilander.libero.it
www.uccronline.it
firefox/chrome add-on, calculate the h-index for every character. After analyzing the entities with AlchemyAPI, all the found names were classified: politicians, bloggers, doctors, scientists, church people... Then all the doctors and authors of medical papers were selected and researched in
www.drorlandella.it
www.pontifex.roma.it
www.pharmamedix.com
www.quotidianosanita.it
en.wikipedia.org
www.sindacatomedicitaliani.it
www.uaar.it
www.medicitalia.it
www.giltmagazine.it
www.mamma.ch
christuscastitas.altervista.org
www.academiavita.org
The last step of the research, consisted in passing from a general level, to a more specific one by inserting a selected number of names in Google Scholar and, thanks to a
femminismi.wordpress.com
www.radicaliroma.com
it.wikipedia.org
www.lucisullest.it
www.arhp.org
nuke.massimotombesi.it
interruzionedigravidanza.tumblr.com
difendilavita.altervista.org
www.121doc.it
www.my-personaltrainer.it
www.pilloladelgiornodopo.it
www.bastabugie.it
OPINION LEADER NAMES Google scholar, writing in the search bar author:”name”, so that the results were only paper written by the author and not every file in which the researched name appeared. Morover, it has been made an additional research so that we could avoid the difficulties caused by the coincidences of names.
Ziebland S
Zhou L
Wilcox AJ
Vincenzo Spinelli
U. Veronesi
Tiziano Motta
Sir Liam j Donaldson
Jerome Lejeune Livio Zanoio Luigi Montevecchi Luigi Sacco M Chen-Mok Mauro Maccari ME Fuentes Monica Bock Paola Bianchi Raymond EG Rosa Maria Sabatel Serena Donati Silvio Viale
J. Wang
J. Obstet
I. Rodrigues, MD
Helena Von Hertzen
Gabrio Zacchè Gloria Dolciotti
Ferruccio Fazio
F.A. Davis
Dott. Ciro Iannone Dott. Nicola Blasi Dott. Renzo Puccetti dottor Sandro Spinsanti dr. Christophe Tieze dr. Roy Hefferman Dr. Vinand Nantulya dr. William Liley Durand M Eleanor Bimla Schwarz Eliana Barcellona Emilio Arisi
Davidoff F.
Danielsson K
D.A. Grimes
Carmen Cravioto Cochon L Cora Collette Breuner Corrado Melega
Carlo Flamigni
Bygdeman M
Bruna Rebagliati
Brown RW
Brache V
Bernard Nathanson
Baird DD
Anna Pompili
Alessandra Graziottin
A Yuzpe
A van Hylckama Vlieg
H-INDEX SCHEME
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
CONCLUSIONS
CONCLUSIONS
“What information do Italian people get when looking for advice on EMERGENCY CONTRACEPTION?� THE MORNING-AFTER PILL IN ITALY
The question behind the research aimed to discover what kind of information would find someone interested in knowing something more about the morning-after pill: there are medical websites, blogs, scientific reports or moral and ethical discussions. After the analysis of each category of website we managed to get a complex but complete
answer, to understand the doubts and the certainties a person can solve or create while making a research through google. We also managed to use different tools to expand the ray of knowledge and understanding of the matter.
PROJECT BY: Viviana Ferro Ilaria Pagin Sara Pandini Federica Sciuto Elisa Zamarian