TOO POSH TO PUSH A socio-cultural overview about the perceived image of Caesarean Section in Italy and France.
Too Posh To Push A socio-cultural overview about the percived image of CS in Italy and France
Federico Assi Viola Bernacchi Beatrice D’Agostino Francesco Leoni Andrea Maria Perroni Laboratorio di Sintesi Finale A.Y. 2012/2013 M. Sc. Communication Design School of Design Politecnico di Milano
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Summary
00. Introduction
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01. Controversy
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02. Protocol
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03. Overview of actors on the web
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04. The perceived image of C.S.
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05. The controversy on the web
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06. Future develops
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00. Introduction
00.1 W.H.O. and Caesarean Section W.H.O. is the directing and coordinating authority for health within the United Nations system. It is responsible for providing leadership on global health matters, shaping the health research agenda, setting norms and global standards, articulating evidence-based policy options, providing technical support to countries and monitoring and assessing health trends. In 1985 the W.H.O. stated :there is no justification for any region to have cs rates higher than 10-15%. Nowadays, however, the optimal rate of births remains controversial in both developing and developed countries. In fact, in June 2010 the World Health Organi-
zation officially withdrew its previous recommendation of a 15% C-section rates. Their official statement reads, “There is no empirical evidence for an optimum percentage. What matters most is that all women who need caesarean sections receive them.� This statement of W.H.O. itself evidences the complexity of the controversy and the difficulty to find an objective parameter to describe and border this phenomena. Considered that, the aim of the research is to analyse how web users deal with this topic and how W.H.O. appeares from the web interconnections.
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01. Controversy In countries with a similar socio cultural context and a different incidence of Caesarean Section, what is the perceived image of C.S.?
01.1 C.S. Percentage. Controversy pursuit. Analyzing the latest W.H.O. health reports the goal was to have, at a glance, a general overview of the c.s. incidence in countries all over the World. Among the many data offered, the attention was focused on c.s. percentage, neonatal mortality and expence in health system as a percentage of the G.D.P. of each country. In order to find the G.D.P. per state, the data used came from the International Monetary Fund (data relative to 2011), dividing the values in 9 ranges.
C.S. over 15% The bar graph in the following pages shows the strong link between lower G.D.P. ranges and a high incidence of neonatal mortality. The economical factor is linked as well with a c.s. percentage lower than the 1015%, as prescribed in 1985 by W.H.O. It is clear that, in this situation, c.s. is rarely or never elective so it doesn’t represent a strong controversy.
On the contrary, in countries where percentage of c.s. grow s over 10%, economic situation is not as relevant as in the case we considered before. Here the situation appears decisely more complex: neonatal mortality is generally very low but there is not a common economical trend. By observing the graph appeares strange that countries economically similar and geographically close could have such a different c.s. incidence. The focus of the report is the couple Italy and France, one of the most interesting examples of this situation. Both nations are part of European Union, have a similar population and both are in the highest G.D.P. range. Although their c.s, incidence strongly diverges. Italy is an important case of study also because has the third highest c.s. percentage in the world and the first in Europe. Beside, France has a percentage of circa the half of the italian one.
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Controversy
01.2 Why France and Italy. Two compared case studies.
10% W.H.O. recognised accettable caesarean
These considerations brought to ask ourself why countries with similar socio-cultural, economical and geographical characteristics could have such a different incidence of caesarean section. What is the perceived image of c.s. in these countries? Can the web influence the choice of c.s. by giving a different idea of it by images and discussions? To try to answer this question will be the aim of the report.
Chad Burkina Faso Ethiopia Niger Mali Eritrea Guinea Equatorial Guinea Cambodia Nigeria Mozambico Cameroon Tajikistan Zambia Nepal Zimbawe Rwanda Haiti Malawi Uganda Mauritania Congo Senegal Liberia Turkmenistan Bangladesh Benin Kenia Congo-kinshasa Indonesia Papua Azerbaijan Uzbekistan Kyrgyzstan Lesotho Morocco Gabon Ivory Coast Ghana Pakistan Botswana Swaziland India Armenia Philippines Djibuti Kazakhstan Vietnam Ukraine Cape Verde Macedonia Montenegro Guatemala Saudi Arabia Namibia Georgia Honduras Netherlands Kuwait Bolivia
% Infant mortality % Caesarean section
G.D.P. G.D.P. invested in health service Africa Asia Latin America Oceania Europe Northern America
France | caesaren section percentage: 18,8% Official name: UN member since: EU member since:
French Republic 24-10-1945 25-03-1957
Surface: Population: Density:
543 965 km² 62 793 432 ab 115 ab./km²
G.D.P. and % of expence in Healt System 11% 8•
2 130 383 millions $
Serbia Syria Arab Emirates Iceland Perù Finland Croatia Slovenia Sweden Norway Russia Thailandia Hungary Czech Rep. Giordania France Estonia Israel Lithuania Belarus Nicaragua Slovakia Denmark Tunisia Tanzania South Africa Latvia Turkey Romania United Kingdom El Salvador Lebanon Bulgaria New Zeland Uruguay Luxembourg Albania Spain Venezuela Irland Ecuador Austria Canada Colombia Paraguay Egypt Germany Cuba Switzerland U.S.A. Chile Australia Portugal Malta Mexico South Korea Italy China Dominican Rep. Brazil
Controversy
rate
15%
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20% 15% 10%
0%
0/10 billions $
10/20 b. $
20/50 b. $
50/100 b. $
100/200 b. $
200/500 b. $
500/1000 b. $
1000/2000 b. $
2000/5000 b. $
5000/10000 b. $
> 10000 b. $
Italy | caesaren section percentage: 38,2%
Official name: UN member since: EU member since:
9%
Italian Republic 14-12-1955 25-03-1957
Surface: Population: Density:
301 340 km² 61.261.254 ab 202,00 ab./km²
G.D.P. and % of expence in Healt System
1 921 576 millions $
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Protocol
QUERIES CHOICE
One Keyword
Category of actors
• Césarienne • Parto cesareo
• Medical Associations • Forums for mothers • Popular online magazines
Google images.it
Google trends.it
Google web.it
Google images.fr
Google trends.fr
Google web.fr
CORPUS images related urls
CORPUS urls links
CORPUS urls links
Gephi Image plot
Alchemy
RELATIONS NET
GRAPH COMPARISON Gephi
SEMANTIC ANALYSIS
02. Protocol
02.1 Introduction. Research approach. To conduct the research, the guidelines pursued are oriented to three main topics: actors of the controversy identified on the web, perceived image of c.s. given by browsers and web discussion about the main issue. Each part contributes in giving an exaustive idea of what is the perceived image of c.s., intended not just from its visual aspect but also as the awareness of users about the controversed topic. On one hand a general keyword is cosidered for each country by translating caesarean section in italian and french. The two final queries are “parto cesareo” for Italy and “césarienne” for France. Those keywords are used to search images on the national Google and to focus on Google trends to find the most commonly connected words.
The first passage bring to the acquisition of two images and related URLs corpus. The second one specified other queries to enlarge the URLs corpus and its panorama of connections. On the other hand is manually detected a group a queries which represent the main actors of the controversy on the web. This step of the research takes advantage of previous research studies in the field of socio cultural aspects of c.s. such as scientific papers, media surveys and institutionals documents. The consecutive part of the research, focused on data visualization, is based on the use of specific digital tools and a individual effort of analysis and interpretation of the datasets and their content.
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Protocol
02.3 Corpus.
Category of actors.
Overview of actors in the web.
•Medical associations.
•Google refine.
National, subnational or regional organizations of professionals related to sanitary system, they can be as public as private.
Tool to clear, refine and transform messy datasets. Used to simplify keywords and categorizations.
•Forum for mothers.
•Image plot.
Preferred debating platforms for women who are attending, living o remembering their pregnancy and delivery.
Visualization software developed by Dr. Lev Manovich to order on Cartesian axis group of images. Used to analyse categories of pictures.
•Popular online magazines.
•Navicrawler.
One of the most relevant source of information among media active on the web.
Firefox applet to map URLs relations and connections. Used to analyse the URLs corpus networks.
These actors concerns the first chapter of analysis proposed in the report.
02.3 Tools. Softwares adoperated in research. •AlchemyAPI. Cloud based text mining platform providing semantic tagging. Used for semantic analysis of URLs corpus.
•Excel. Spreadsheets application featuring calculation, graphing tools and tables. Used to analyse and sort every datasets.
•Gephi. Interactive visualization and exploration platform to show complex systems, dynamic and hierarchical graphs. Used to visualize semantic analysis and networks of URLs.
12 •
•Italy. www.aogoi.it www.agico.it/Agico-2007/home.asp www.ageo-federazione.it www.aigoc.com www.aguionline.it www.irisassociazione.it/index.html www.associazioneitalianaostetricia.it forum.pianetamamma.it forum.noimamme.it forum.quimamme.leiweb.it forum.alfemminile.com http://www.repubblica.it http://www.ilmessaggero.it http://www.corriere.it http://www.iodonna.it http://www.donnamoderna.com http://www.ilpost.it http://www.giornalettismo.com http://www.alfemminile.com
•France. www.cngof.asso.fr www.fncgm.com www.agof.fr www.aigm.asso.fr/wp/index.php www.syngof.fr/site www.nosgynecos.com www.agyl-strasbourg.com forum.doctissimo.fr www.maman-blues.fr www.aufeminin.com/forum www.lescigognes.net/forum/viewforum. php?f=62 forums.france5.fr/lesmaternelles/ Cotemere/liste_sujet-1.htm http://www.leparisien.fr http://www.lefigaro.fr http://www.lemonde.fr http://www.femina.fr http://www.femmeactuelle.fr http://www.linternaute.com http://www.aufeminin.com
Protocol
The perceived images of C.S. •Italy. http://blog.mammenellarete.it http://chiarafinotti.wordpress.com http://circoncisione.forumcommunity.net http://consumatori.myblog.it http://cosedicasa.noiblogger.com http://dannagiancarlo.blogspot.it http://eolopress.it http://fondazioneveronesi.it http://ghostchange.blogspot.it http://it.123rf.com http://it.over-blog.com http://it.wikinoticia.com http://lavventuradiunavita.blogspot.it http://leragazze.wordpress.com http://o.elobot.it http://partonaturale.nelblog.com http://senorbabylon.blogspot.it http://social-news.net http://tube.7s-b.com http://valentina.duestrade.it http://www.ajilbab.com http://www.albanesi.it http://www.alfemminile.com http://www.allpepper.it http://www.amando.it http://www.attualissimo.it http://www.azonzotravel.com http://www.babybazar.it http://www.balcanicaucaso.org http://www.balordaggine.com http://www.bambinopoli.it http://www.bebeblog.it http://www.bella24.it http://www.bemamma.it http://www.bergamosera.com http://www.bimbisaniebelli.it http://www.blitzquotidiano.it http://www.bravibimbi.it http://www.cilentonotizie.it http://www.cittadiroma-anestesia.it http://www.clinicaveterinariagaia.com http://www.corriere.it http://www.corriereinformazione.it http://www.corrieresanita.eu http://www.corsopreparto.com http://www.diariodelweb.it http://www.diredonna.it http://www.doctissimo.it http://www.doctorlivenews.it http://www.donnad.it http://www.donnainsalute.it http://www.donnamoderna.com
http://www.ecomammaebimbo.com http://www.equazioni.org http://www.essere-mamma.it http://www.esseredonnaonline.it http://www.evoluzionefamiglia.it http://www.fanpage.it http://www.farmacoecura.it http://www.gaianews.it http://www.gaianews.it http://www.galatina.it http://www.gazzettadiparma.it http://www.genitoricrescono.com http://www.giornaledipuglia.com http://www.gossipblog.it http://www.gravidanzaconsapevole.org http://www.gravidanzaonline.it http://www.guidaconsumatore.com http://www.guidone.it http://www.gyneconline.net http://www.ilgiornale.it http://www.ilrestodelgargano.it http://www.ilsole24ore.com http://www.ilsussidiario.net http://www.inerboristeria.com http://www.infanzia.it http://www.informarea.it http://www.informasalus.it http://www.janusonline.it http://www.lagravidanza.net http://www.lastampa.it http://www.leadershipmedica.com http://www.leiweb.it http://www.leonardo.it http://www.libero.it http://www.livejournal.it http://www.lookfordiagnosis.com http://www.mala-sanita.net http://www.mamma10.it http://www.mammaimperfetta.it http://www.mammaoggi.it http://www.mammedomani.it http://www.mammeunite.it http://www.maternage.it http://www.medicinalive.com http://www.meditalia.net http://www.miobambino.it http://www.mirorenzaglia.org http://www.modenaonline.info http://www.mondobimbiblog.com http://www.mondorosa.com http://www.nanopress.it http://www.newsfarmacia.com http://www.newspedia.it http://www.nostrofiglio.it http://www.ogginotizie.it http://www.oltrefreepress.com http://www.oneprice.it
http://www.pagineprezzi.it http://www.peacelink.it http://www.periodofertile.it http://www.permamma.it http://www.personaldreamer.com http://www.pianetadonna.it http://www.pianetamamma.it http://www.pisanotizie.it http://www.piusanipiubelli.it http://www.pourfemme.it http://www.primocanaledica33.it http://www.provincia.grosseto.it http://www.quandonasceunamamma.com http://www.quisalutedonna.it http://www.repubblica.it http://www.salute-italia.it http://www.sanioggi.it http://www.sapere.it http://www.saperidoc.it http://www.sassarinotizie.com http://www.spaziomamma.com http://www.stetoscopio.net http://www.swissinfo.ch http://www.tantasalute.it http://www.telemeditalia.it http://www.telereggio.it http://www.tgcom24.it http://www.tuttasalute.net http://www.tuttogratis.it http://www.tuttomamma.com http://www.tuttoperlei.it http://www.tuttosteopatia.it http://www.universonline.it http://www.vanityfair.it http://www.vitadamamma.com http://www.vivodibenessere.it http://www.wn.com http://www.womenology.it http://www.yourself.it
•France. http://blog.aufeminin.com/blog http://123news.fr http://accoucherautrement.free.fr http://annliz.blogspace.fr http://aspa45.skyrock.com http://avoir-un-bebe.onlc.be http://barbiv.skyrock.com http://battlefrite.com http://blog2dwa.wordpress.com http://blogdedwige.centerblog.net http://commons.wikimedia.org http://commons.wikimedia.org http://docteurdavidelia.fr http://eurekaweb.free.fr
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Protocol
http://femmes.orange.fr http://femmes.portail.free.fr http://fr.123rf.com http://generations.fr http://grossesse.aujourdhui.com http://grossesse.comprendrechoisir.com http://hommelibre.blog.tdg.ch http://leplus.nouvelobs.com http://mammouth-destroyer.musicblog.fr http://maternagealgerie.over-blog.com http://naitre-la-vie-bb.blogspot.it http://naitreetgrandir.com/fr http://naitreetgrandir.over-blog.org http://pdfcast.org http://people.premiere.fr http://quebecavecunq.over-blog.com http://revesdebulle.blogspot.it http://roberaline.skyrock.com http://sage-femme-en-herbe.skyrock.com http://sante-medecine.commentcamarche. net http://sante-medecine.lefigaro.fr http://supermaman.over-blog.fr http://suzanne-et-lesnuages.blogueuse.fr http://sweet-jolie.skyrock.com http://talent.paperblog.fr http://thedomainfo.com http://theses.vet-alfort.fr http://tianplus.blogs.nouvelobs.com http://tvanouvelles.ca http://uneautrevie-stefe.blogspot.it http://video.vivolta.com http://vives-les-bebes.skyrock.com http://voyage-nature.over-blog.com http://vrairap.unblog.fr http://www.9mois-emoi.com http://www.9moisenmoi.org http://www.actustar.com http://www.agriaffaires.com http://www.algerie360.com http://www.allodocteurs.fr http://www.aspq.org/fr http://www.aufeminin.com http://www.babyfrance.com http://www.babymag.ch/fr http://www.bebe.mu http://www.bivouac-id.com http://www.bloc.com http://www.cesarienne.net http://www.cesarine.org http://www.chiens-online.com http://www.chirurgie-adherences.fr http://www.clinique-bourgoin.com http://www.clubsuissedesparents.ch http://www.co-naitre.ch http://www.comparaison-assurancemutuelle.com
14 •
http://www.coop.ch http://www.cote-momes.com http://www.coupdepouce.com http://www.courrierinternational.com http://www.delta-force.com http://www.desordre.net http://www.dix-15.ac-clermont.fr http://www.docbuzz.fr http://www.docteur-benchimol.com http://www.doctissimo.fr http://www.e-sante.be http://www.e-sante.fr http://www.eco-beaute.com http://www.editionsfides.com http://www.elle.fr http://www.enceinte.com http://www.etreenceinte.com http://www.exporevue.com http://www.famili.fr http://www.femina.ch http://www.feminimix.com http://www.femininbio.com http://www.femmeactuelle.fr http://www.ffl.lu http://www.francesoir.fr http://www.futura-sciences.com http://www.futura-sciences.com/fr http://www.goodassur.com http://www.grainedecurieux.fr http://www.gralon.net http://www.guide-du-moutard.com http://www.gyneco-ledigabel.fr http://www.hellocoton.fr http://www.infobebes.com http://www.jetaimemaman.net http://www.journaldesfemmes.com http://www.ladepeche.fr http://www.lapresse.ca http://www.lavieeco.com http://www.lechodelatuque.com http://www.lecoinbio.com http://www.lefigaro.fr http://www.lemonde.fr http://www.lepoint.fr http://www.lesquotidiennes.com http://www.letemps.ch http://www.librairiepantoute.com http://www.ludsyga.net http://www.magicmaman.com http://www.mamanbobo.fr http://www.mamanpourlavie.com http://www.materneo.com http://www.maternite-chu-angers.fr http://www.maternite-grossesse.fr http://www.maxisciences.com http://www.mazeron-sas.com http://www.mc.be
http://www.medicalorama.com http://www.metakisbulls.fr http://www.monbebe.com http://www.monvet.com http://www.mumtobeparty.com http://www.my-egg.fr http://www.neufmois.fr http://www.news-de-stars.com http://www.oc-sante.fr http://www.ombrel.fr http://www.onnemavaitpasditque.com http://www.ookoodoo.com/fr http://www.osteopathie-64.fr http://www.paperblog.fr http://www.paroledemamans.com http://www.perinat-france.org http://www.perineology.com http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca http://www.planet.vertbaudet.com http://www.posh24.fr http://www.psychologies.com http://www.public.fr http://www.radio-canada.ca http://www.republicoftogo.com http://www.rueducommerce.fr http://www.sante-tn.com http://www.santevet.com http://www.semainesgrossesse.com http://www.she.be/fr http://www.slate.fr http://www.sofamille.com http://www.solvital.fr http://www.super-bebe.fr http://www.tequibou.com http://www.tertrerouge.fr http://www.testinthecity.com http://www.topsante.com http://www.tounesalyaoum.com http://www.tout-sante.com http://www.unitheque.com http://www.yoopa.ca
Protocol
The controversy on the web. •Italy. http://bari.repubblica.it http://blog.mammenellarete.it http://chiediallostetrica.blogspot.it http://forum.alfemminile.com http://forum.gravidanzaonline.it http://forum.pianetamamma.it http://it.wikipedia.org http://lamiaostetrica.it http://mamma.pourfemme.it http://medicinaeprevenzione. paginemediche.it http://partonaturale.org http://quimamme.leiweb.it http://ricerca.repubblica.it http://valentina.duestrade.it http://vivalamamma.tgcom24.it http://www.alfemminile.com http://www.angolodonne.it http://www.asf.toscana.it http://www.associazioneitalianaostetricia. it http://www.bambinopoli.it http://www.benessere.com http://www.blogmamma.it http://www.cercounbimbo.net http://www.cmsantagostino.it http://www.dolceattesa.rcs.it http://www.dolcemamma.it http://www.donnamoderna.com http://www.drorlandella.it/ http://www.fnco.it http://www.fondazionembbm.it http://www.genitorichannel.it http://www.ginecologia.it http://www.ginecologo.it http://www.gravidanzaonline.it http://www.guidaconsumatore.com http://www.gyneconline.net http://www.hsacco.it http://www.hsr.it http://www.humanitas.it http://www.idoctors.it http://www.ieo.it http://www.ilfattoquotidiano.it http://www.inerboristeria.com http://www.infanziabambini.it http://www.lagazzettadelmezzogiorno.it http://www.mammafelice.it http://www.mammole.it http://www.marsupioscuola.it http://www.medicitalia.it http://www.nostrofiglio.it
http://www.oirmsantanna.piemonte.it http://www.ostetricagiorgiatiz.it http://www.partecipasalute.it http://www.partonaturale.net http://www.pianetamamma.it http://www.psico-terapia.it http://www.rssp.salute.gov.it http://www.salute.gov.it http://www.salutedonna.it http://www.sanihelp.it http://www.sanita.padova.it http://www.saperidoc.it http://www.sceglitu.it http://www.snlg-iss.it http://www.stradaperunsogno.com
http://www.pagesjaunes.fr http://www.sage-femme.be http://www.sages-femmes-idf.fr http://www.sciencedirect.com http://www.slate.fr
•France. http://accoucherautrement.free.fr http://forum.aufeminin.com http://fr.wikipedia.org http://gyneco-obstetrique.hug-ge.ch http://sante-az.aufeminin.com http://sante-medecine.commentcamarche. net/ http://tempsreel.nouvelobs.com http://www.118000.fr http://www.alternatives.be http://www.ameli.fr http://www.annonces-medicales.com http://www.aufeminin.com http://www.cesarienne.net/ http://www.chu-clermontferrand.fr http://www.chu-nantes.fr http://www.cngof.asso.fr http://www.docteurkadoch.com http://www.doctissimo.fr http://www.e-sante.fr http://www.elsevier.com http://www.enceinte.com http://www.enfant.com http://www.etreenceinte.com http://www.has-sante.fr http://www.hebamme.ch/fr/ http://www.ifchurennes.fr http://www.infirmiers.com http://www.infobebes.com http://www.lagynecologie.fr http://www.lemonde.fr http://www.letudiant.fr http://www.liberation.fr http://www.linternaute.com http://www.magicmaman.com http://www.masexualite.ca/fr http://www.monbebe.com http://www.neufmois.fr
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Overview of actors on the web
QUERIES CHOICE Category of actors
Association des Gynécologues Association des Obstétriciens Forum mères
Associazione ginecologi Associazione ostetrici Forum madre
Most popular online magazines
Most popular online magazines
Google.fr
Google.it
CORPUS
CORPUS
19 urls
19 urls
Navicrawler
manual cleaning
Gephi
GRAPH COMPARISON 16 •
03. Overview of actors on the web
03.1 Introduction. Definition of the corpus. In the first part of the report is underlined the necessity to find out who are the main actors of the controversy and how the act on the web. The choice of the research queries to define actors “Medical associations” and “Forum for mothers” is based on objective parameters. For “Medical associations” are used as queries “associazione ginecologi” and “associazione ostetrici” for Italy and “association des gynécologues” and “association des obstétriciéns” for France, tranlation of “gynecologist association” and “obstetric association”. From the Google results are chosen the most renowed official institutions on the web.
For “Forum for mothers” are used as queries “forum madre” and “forum gravidanza for Italy” and “forum mères” and “forum grossesse” for France, translation of “forum mothers” and “forum pregnancy”. From the Google results are choosen the most well known platforms. Choosing only forum for the actor “Mother” is motivated by the idea of her active partecipation in forum platforms. The choice of the URLs related to the actor “Media” is defined according to the Alexa ranking of the five hundred top sites ordered by traffic rank in Italy and France. The group of chosen URLs contains the first digital magazines and blogs for women.
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Overview of actors on the web
03.2 Actors network. How actors communicate in Italy. The URLs of the corpus were insered in Navicrawler to extract their links and connections. After a manually cleaning of the data, they are visualized via Gephi to underline the way the actors communicate and determinate their clusters. In order to show attraction and repulsion among them, we
use a ForceAtlas 2 Layout. The network, in Italy, is centered on a nucleus of Governative, Institutionals websites and Medical associations websites. On the edges of the network are represented Media and Mothers websites.
Media Mother Medical association Medical structure Media
Institutions
Mother
Religion
Medical association
Foundation
Medical structure
Economics
Institutions
Legal
Religion
18 •
Foundation Economics Legal
Overview of actors on the web
1 • MOTHER & MEDIA The two categories are strictly linked and communicate mostly between
them. Their position on the edges of the network shows their marginality respect the nucleus.
2 • NUCLEUS Moslty composed by institutionals websites and medical associations web-
sites, show several links also to medical structure, and foundation websites.
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Overview of actors on the web
3 • ALFEMMINILE.COM This case represent the most relevant point of connections of the actors Media and Mother. This is possible thank to the presence, in the “alfemminile. com” network, of a forum dedicated to women.
20 •
4 • RELIGION In Italy, religion websites ‘network is quite extended and branched. Although it rarely have connections with other categories.
Overview of actors on the web
How actors communicate in France. In the french network, as happens in the italian one, Mothers and Media are pulled on the edges of the visualization and have few or none connections with the sites of the nucleus.
It is mostly composed by Medical associations websites with a low presence of Institutional and Governative websites. The network appeares less crowded compared to the italian one.
Media Mother Medical association Medical structure Institutions Religion Foundation Economics Legal
• 21
Overview of actors on the web
5 • AUFEMININ.COM As “alfemminile.com” network in Italy, also in France this cluster is teh most relevant point of contact of the Media and Mother category. This is explained from the belonging of the two websites to the same web portal.
6 • NUCLEUS In France the center of the network is mostly composed by medical associations websites. It is noticeable the presence of little clusters of Media and Law sites. On the other hand, the Institutional cluster is very little and marginal.
22 •
Overview of actors on the web
03.3 Conclusions. Visualizations show the general position of these main actors into the discussion network enlightening differences and affinities between Italy and France. Talking about common grounds, Media and Mothers actors in both cases are located in a border position and communicate mostly between them. The maximun example of relationship is the international platform “alfemminile.com” and “aufeminin.com”.
The major differences are located into the nucleus of the network: in Italy, the centre is occupied mostly by Institutional websites and Medical associations; in France, still remaining Medical associations, the presence of Institutions is lower. In the french nucleus appears a category not represented in Italy, that is to say Law. On the other hand, in Italy is very extended, even if not strongly linked, Religion category.
At the end, in Italy, a particulary interesting fact seems to be the central position occupied by Institutions such as government and W.H.O. Even if the both of them took a strong position against c.s. and they are in the middle of the medical debate, the percentage of c.s. is constantly increasing.
• 23
The perceived image of C.S.
QUERIES CHOICE
Césarienne
Parto cesareo
Google.fr
Google.it
first 300 results
CORPUS
CORPUS
300 urls
300 urls
images urls
Image plot Alchemy
GRAPH COMPARISON automatic/manual cleaning grouping by semantic areas
Gephi
SEMANTIC ANALYSIS 24 •
04. The perceived image of C.S.
04.1 Introduction. The second part of our research report is focused on analysis of c.s. perceived image as it appares from web pictures. In order to define our images corpus two generic queries are inserted in national Google Images: for Google Images France is choose the query “césarienne” and for Google Images Italia the query “parto cesareo” wich both translate in french and italian the term “caesarean section”. From each research the first three hundred results are considered, corresponding to circa the first fifteen Google Images pages. The number of pictures was high enough to give an exaustive idea of the kind of
images given by Google but not too heavy to be processed. In the meanwhile, while creating the images corpus, all the relative URLs are savedin order to build with them two other corpus. Once finished this process, the research moves in two paralle directions: first are graphically compared the harvested images and their relevance in the google ranking, sorting them by main subjects. Then, by analysing the URls, the research evidences the website categories where is possible to find these pictures and who are the authors of the websites. Finally, by extracting keywords from the URLs corpus, starts the analysis of the semantic aspect of the research.
• 25
The perceived image of C.S.
04.2 Ranking. Images classification.
Those are, at a glance, all the first three hundred pictures that national Google Images offers in Italy and France. After a compared analysis of all the harvested pictures are recognised few categories which are the same in both countries and can be used to sort and divide the corpus by their main subjects.
1 • RANKING ITALY In both cases all the images form the corpus were put in a singolar sequence in order to give a general overview of the firs Google images in Italy and France.
26 •
2 • RANKING FRANCE
The perceived image of C.S.
Categories. Scientific illustration Illustrations about C.S., delivery and pregnacy. They can be either drawed or 3D designed.
Pregnancy Pictures representing mothers before delivery. Also medical staff can be present in this category.
Mother Pictures representing women during or after delivery.
Mother & Newborn Pictures representing mother with their newborn. They can be more or less realistics.
Newborn Pictures representing newborn and babies in different situations. They can be more or less realistics.
Newborn & Medical staff Pictures representing medical staff and newborn during or after delivery. They can be more or less realistics.
Medical staff Pictures representing medical staff at work or in pose.
Surgery Picture representing phases of operation where the newborn does not appear.
Graphic Designed pictures with typography or graphs.
Vips Pictures representing vip mothers, babies or families.
Veterinary Pictures representing animals or operations on animals.
Miscellaneous All the pictures not included into the previous categories and not particulary relevants for the research.
• 27
The perceived image of C.S.
Ranking by category. Macro Category “Emotional”. In the italian corpus is easily noticeable a higher precence of images of the “Emotional” macro category. Expecially “mother & newborn” pictures are more common and more relevant in te Google ranking. Moreover, the others categories “mother” and “pregnacy” are quite similar in both of the rankings.
3 • EMOTIONAL The macro category is comoposed by “pregnancy”, “mother” and “mother & newborn” pictures. It
28 •
contains the most touching images where womens are represented before, during or after the delivery and often with their children.
The perceived image of C.S.
Macro Category “Medical”. In both of the corpus pictures of the “medical” macro category are similary relevant. Even though is not possible to find very strong differences, in France the medical images seems to be a little higher in the Google ranking, expecially th ones from the category “surgery”.
4 • MEDICAL The macro category contains “newborn & medical staff”, “medical staff” and
“surgery” pictures. It contains mostly technical or rough images, often reportages in operating theatre.
• 29
The perceived image of C.S.
Category “Newborn”. Images from the category “newborn” are disposed in a similar way and their number is not that different. In Italy there is a group of images higher in the ranking but this is the only noticeable difference.
5 • BABY Images category “newborn” is a medium between “emotional” and “medical” groups. It is
30 •
composed by quite different kinds of images: emotional and thechnical, rough and soft, realistic fictional.
The perceived image of C.S.
A Focus on France. Categories “Vips” and “Veterinary”.
6 • VIPS AND VETERINARY Is interesting to focus on two important categories in France: “veterinary” and “vips”. They are very com-
mon to find in the images corpus and are quite relevant in Google ranking. The same categories, in Italy are definitely non so important and relevant.
• 31
The perceived image of C.S.
Categories comparison. Comparison in order by category.
Comparison in order by attendance.
Here is a global view of the images subject in Italy and France. In the first comparative scheme is possible to notice the main differences between the same subjects: the first important observation is the higher number of “mother & newborn” in the italian corpus. In Italy is higher also the number of “surgery” images, even though their relevance is lower than the “mother & newborn” category. Other categories such as “pregnacy”, “newborn”, “newborn & medical staff” and “graphics” have quite the same relevance.
32 •
Beside, in France have a higher relevance categories such as “surgery”, “veterinary”, “vips” and “miscellaneous”. The second graph shows the subjects in order by attendance. Is clearly noticeable a lower difference between the categories in France. On the contrary, in Italy is present a huge gap between most and least common subjects with a prevalence of “mother and newborn”, “pregnacy” and “newborn” categories.
The perceived image of C.S.
04.3 Images and authors. Relations between authors and image content. After analysing the subjects of the pictures corpus, is important to examine in depth which are the categories of website which propose this kind of subjects and who are the actors behind the sites. The corpus of URLs related to the images is divided into five categories: Portal, Blog, Digital Magazine, Regular Website and Image Archive.
indipendent citizens, Media company, Medical company, Other companies, Medical institutions and News. The dataset is visualized via Fineo tool to put in evidence, inside each website category, the connections between image subject and author.
Also authors are divided into ten categories: Indipendent cityzen, Indipendent medical figue, Association of indipendent medical figures, Association of
Category “Portal”.
7 • ITALY
8 • FRANCE
• 33
The perceived image of C.S.
BLOG
Category “Blog”.
BLOG
9 • ITALY The Blog category is the most relevant into the corpus. Is important to underline the presence of authors such ad Media companies and Indipendent citizens associations.
10 • FRANCE
34 •
The perceived image of C.S.
Category “Digital Magazine”.
11 • ITALY
12 • FRANCE
• 35
The perceived image of C.S.
Category “Regular website”. REGULAR WEBSITE
REGULAR WEBSITE
13 • ITALY
36 •
14 • FRANCE The Regular Website category is the most relevant into the fernch corpus. Here the main relevant authors are Media companies and also Medical companies.
The perceived image of C.S.
Category “Image Archive”. IMAGE ARCHIVE
15 • ITALY
16 • FRANCE
04.4 Images characteristics. A qualitative analysis of images.
While analysing subjects, is fascinating the idea of an hypothetic bond between images main subjects, their colour and the emotion arouse. In order to visualize on a Cartesian plane all the images corpus disposed by median hue and brightness of the single pictures, can be used the ImagePlot tool. By measuring eanch image, it offers a describtion of its graphic characteristics.
common criteria in the disposition but, at the same time, have some evident differences. It is possible to associate subjects with hue and brightness ranges? Are those charachteristics relevant for the kind of message or emotion expressed by pictures? This kind of visual analysis tries to answer these questions.
From the analysis of this kind of graph is clearly showed that images, in both countries, respect some
• 37
The perceived image of C.S.
Italian “Hue & Brightness” diagram.
17 • ITALIAN IMAGES: ImagePlot visualization
38 •
The perceived image of C.S.
“Hue & Brightness” diagram per Macro Category.
18 • EMOTIONAL Emotional images create a crowded cluster in the light red zone. Here there are the mostly soft and fictional pictures.
19 • MEDICAL Medical images are more distributed all over the plan. Images near to the light red zone are more similar to the emotional ones.
20 • NEWBORN This category is distributed in the green-light blue zone (mostly realistic and rough) but also in the light red zone (mostly emotional and soft).
• 39
The perceived image of C.S.
French “Hue & Brightness” diagram.
21 • FRENCH IMAGES: ImagePlot visualization
40 •
The perceived image of C.S.
“Hue & Brightness” diagram per Macro Category.
22 • EMOTIONAL
23 • MEDICAL
24 • NEWBORN
• 41
The perceived image of C.S.
04.4 Blood images. An overview about images’ roughness. An analysis of the link between subjects, hue, brightness and emotion expressed, is impossible in a scientific context because there are not objective motivations. Although, is possible to define the roughness of the images sorting them by the presence or the absence of blood. Underlining the percentage of “bloody” images on the general subject comparison, is easily noticeable how, in France, represented on the right part of the scheme, the images related to the query “césarienne” are definitely more rough than the italian ones.
25 • BLOOD PRESENCE The graph propose a comparison between italian images’ subject (on the left) and french images’
42 •
subject (on the right). In red, is underlined the presence of blood in the pictures.
The perceived image of C.S.
Hue and blood presence.
26 • ITALIAN SUBJECTS From the scatteplot graph appears the fact that the percentage of “bloody” images rises near the greenyellow zone.
27 • FRENCH SUBJECTS The french graph, compared to the italian one, shows the higer percentage of “bloody” images in the Newborn & medical staff subject.
• 43
The perceived image of C.S.
Brightness and blood presence.
28 • ITALIAN SUBJECTS The graph shows a an higher percentage of “bloody” images in the darker part of the graph.
29 • FRENCH SUBJECTS The graph shows a an higher percentage of “bloody” images in the darker part of the graph even though the Surgery subject seems to follow the opposite trend.
44 •
The perceived image of C.S.
04.5 Semantic Analysis. Introduction. Last part of analysis focuses on the themes debated among the websites related to the pictures. Thanks to the use of AlchemyAPI tool is possile to extract from the corpus the keywords of discussion. After a digital work of cleaning, using Google Refine, and a conceptual synthetization of the concept all the keyword are reduced in fifteen discussion topics.
Blog Website Blog
20%
Blog
31%
Website
28,5%
28,5% Digital Magazine
19%
Forum Forum
1,5%
Portal
Digital Magazine
19%
1,5%
The final visualization shows, in this way, the relations between the topics and between the topics and the URLs, sorted by website category.
20%
31%
Portal Website
30 • ITALY Semantic analysis of a corpus of 211 images.
With Exel is created a network of URLs and category and then the data are visualized via Gephi. Using Dual Circular layout all the URLs are disposed in a ring wich contains the discussion. On the other side, the topics are disposed in a ForceAtlas 2 layout whic underline attractions and repulsion between the issues of discussions
31 • FRANCE Semantic analysis of a corpus of 207 images. The different number of URLs is due to the cleaning of
Portal Blog
1% 31,5% 1%
31,5% Website Magazine Digital Portal
Digital Magazine
38%
38% 29,5%
29,5%
the keywords: all the URLs with keywords with a low relevance were deleted.
• 45
The perceived image of C.S.
Medical VS Emotional Issues.
General medical issues General emotional issues
32 • ITALY
33 • FRANCE
46 •
The perceived image of C.S.
C.S. VS Natural Delivery.
34 • ITALY For Caesarean Section is considered only Elective c.s. The visualization shows a strong debate and contrapposition of the topics.
35 • FRANCE In France the topics ar less relevant and not strongly linked as in Italy.
• 47
The perceived image of C.S.
Malpractice VS Media.
36 • ITALY To represent Malpractice topic we crossed Mortality, Law and Medical structure. In the italian scheme top-
48 •
ics are strongly related between them and have a quite relevant position into the network of the discussion.
37 • FRANCE In France the topics are less relevant and less linked.
The perceived image of C.S.
Influence of Institutions and Associations.
38 • ITALY The graph shows a central role of Institutions ans Associations in the debate.
39 • FRANCE Associations and Institutions are not relevant in the topic debate and are pulled to the graph edge.
03.6 Conclusions. Looking back at all the graphs, it is possible to conclude this section remarking the great difference between Italy and France. From the quantitative point of view it can be noticed that the italian images are generally more focused on the Mother and the Newborn while “Technical” images are not so relevant. Moreover the biggest part of the corpus comes from Blogs, often written by Media companies and Private citizens associations. On the contrary, in France, where there is not such a huge presence
of Mother and Newborn pictures, images mostly come from regular Websites, often managed by Media and Medical companies. Moreover, in Italy, the percentage of rough images is lower than in France and is possible to conclude that the perception of the surgical operation in Italy is not as strong as it is in France.
the debate between c.s. and natural delivery is strong and more relevant than in France. Even Institutions and Association have a more central position into the debate. In conclusion, remembering the power of images in the memorization process is possible to state that emotional images are strongly linked to an higher percentage of c.s. incidence.
Althoug this first conclusions, the semantic analysis shows exactly the contrary: in Italy
• 49
The controversy on the web
QUERIES CHOICE
Césarienne
Parto cesareo
Google trends.fr
Google trends.it
10 more significant trends used as queries
Google.fr web research
Google.it web research
CORPUS
CORPUS
Navicrawler
Alchemy
automatic/manual cleaning
automatic/manual cleaning grouping by semantic areas
Gephi Gephi
GRAPH COMPARISON 50 •
SEMANTIC ANALYSIS
05. The controversy on the web.
05.1 Introduction. Untill now the report underlines the aspect of visual perception of the controversy. Although the perceived image of c.s. concerns also the awareness of web users about the topics linked to the dabate. Therefore, this third part of research is focused on the analysis of the controversial relation between users and W.H.O taking place on the web. The research starts establishing a query corresponding to “parto cesareo” and “césarienne” put on respective national Google Trends. In a limited period, from January 2009 to January 2012, correlations among similar conceptual words evidence an interesting network of re-
lated keywords. Considering the most relevant ten for Italy and France, a corpus of queries is defined to specify the terms of analysis. Each query is inserted in national Google to find out and save the first ten URLs of the ranking. Then, the research gets into specific analysing URLs from a semantic point of view. To conclude, the queries “Oms + parto cesareo” and “Oms + césarienne” are inserted in national Google to build a corpus composed by the first one hundred URLs. This corpus is compared to previous italian and french ones to notice similarities in order to evidence the spreading of W.H.O. guidelines. • 51
The controversy on the web
05.2 Delivery words. Most significant trends. The graph is a visualization of the related words to c.s. in Italy and France. After a Google Trends research, the data are refined in order to create a network. Data are visualized via Gephi with a Fruchterman Rein-
gold layout. The corpus of queries used in the future visualizations is based on these ten most relevant words. The diversities between italian and french corpus correspond to user’s trends of web navigation.
1 • ITALIAN WORDS The most relevant words choosen as queries are: Parto cesareo, Gravidanza, Ostetrica, Ginecologo, Gi-
necologia, Parto naturale, Cesareo programmato, Gravidanza cesareo, Post parto, Taglio cesareo.
domande ginecologo ginecologo torino ginecologo bologna moglie dal ginecologo
ginecologo cagliari
ginecologo online
ginecologo bari donne dal ginecologo
ginecologo roma
endometriosi
antinori ginecologo
ginecologo maschile scopata dal ginecologo ginecologo firenze
semprini ginecologo
ginecologo
sesso dopo cesareo -
ginecologo uomo
video visita ginecologo
clinica ostetrica padova
sesso dopo parto
ginecologo milano
cicatrice taglio cesareo ginecologo risponde andare dal ginecologo
ginecologo padova
ginecologo visita
visita ostetrica
concorsi ostetrica -
ginecologo palermo
racconti ginecologo -
mangiagalli
cicatrice cesareo
dolore parto naturale
dolore parto
ginecologo napoli
sesso dopo parto
video ginecologo
ginecologo catania professione ostetrica
travaglio parto naturale taglio cesareo programmato parto naturale in diretta
ginecologo bergamo
settimana ostetrica paralisi ostretrica
taglio cesareo video
visita ginecologica
parto in acqua
master ostrica
ventosa
pap test
ostetrica firenze ecografia
douglas ginecologia
gravidanza dopo parto
ostetrica privata diventare ostetrica
video ginecologia
ostetrica
ginecologia
avviso ostetrica
parto cesareo anestesia
sangue dopo parto
gravidanza cesareo
dopo parto naturale
dopo parto
ginecologia online
san camillo ginecologia
ginecologia pescara ginecologia treviso
concorsi ginecologia
partorire
gravidanza dopo cesareo
ginecologia roma
calcolo gravidanza
ginecologi padova -
aborto forum gravidanza
rapporti dopo cesareo
dopo parto rapporti
ecografia gravidanza
nascita cesareo
il ciclo mestruale ostetricia perugia
linee guida ostetricia -
mestruazioni dopo parto
ostetricia firenze
parto gemellare
test ammissione ostetricia
nausea gravidanza
ostetricia
test gravidanza ovulazione mangiagalli ostetricia
ginecologia ostetricia
ostetricia roma -
dieta post parto post parto depressione post parto addominali -
ostetricia palermo
post parto
master ostetricia
ostetricia parma
ciclo post parto
rapporti post parto
ginnastica post parto esercizi post parto mestruazioni post parto
ostetricia bari scienze infermieristiche
ostetricia sapienza -
pancera post parto post parto parto
sintomi post parto
ostetricia torino mutande post parto ostetricia modena ostetricia pisa
52 •
pancera
dolori post parto
laurea ostetricia ostetricia bologna
ostetricia brescia
universit ostetricia
fascia post parto
guaina post parto
ostetricia monza -
corso ostetricia ostetricia milano
secondo cesareo perdite post parto
crisi post parto
ostetricia verona
reparto ostetricia
dolori in gravidanza
depressione
tornare in forma
ostetricia e ginecologia
youtube parto cesareo
post parto cesareo
ostetricia padova alimentazione in gravidanza - gravidanza video
rischi parto cesareo
parto cesareo foto
dopo il parto
ginecologia pisa ginecologia parma
gravidanza
parto cesareo programmato
secondo parto cesareo
ciclo dopo parto
mangiagalli ginecologia -
parto in diretta
dieta parto naturale
cesareo seconda gravidanza
mestruazioni
ginecologia torino
gravidanza sintomi
pancia dopo parto cesareo
epidurale
ginecologia perdite
ecografia morfologica settimana gravidanza
parto gemellare cesareo
parto cesareo
policlinico umberto
ginecologia san raffaele
corso di ostetrica
parto cesareo allattamento
dopo un parto cesario
pancia dopo parto
forum ginecologia -
avviso pubblico osterica
ostetrica roma
video parto cesareo
parto cesareo video policlinico napoli
ecografia ostetrica ostetrica lavoro
parto naturalecesareo programmato
isteroscopia ginecologia oncologica
fatebenefratelli
parto in acqua
video parto
dolori parto naturale
ginecologi bologna -
stipendio ostetrica
taglio cesareo
dopo parto cesareo
ospedale padova clinica ostetrica
sesso cesareo
parto naturale video parto naturale foto
consultorio
ostetricia e ginecologia
ostetricia tor vergata
assorbenti post parto emorroidi post parto
The controversy on the web
2 • FRENCH WORDS The most relevant words choosen as queries are: Accouchement, Césarienne, Enceinte, Femme
beyonce homme enceinte enceinte et regles contraction marion cotillard enceinte calendrier
taux hcg
marion cotillard enceinte pc enceinte douleur ventre douleur ventre ovulation
carla enceinte tomber enceinte enceinte bose douleur ventre enfant douleur ventre gauche blog grossesse poids grossesse douleur ventre droit toxoplasmose et grossesse grossesse nerveuse enceinte sans fil signe accouchement
douleur ventre
evolution grossesse enceinte iphone ovulation forum grossesse fausse couche terme grossesse test grossesse saignement grossesse mode femme enceinte perte blache grossesse
bose
enceinte
grossesse
douleur appendicite
grossesse douleur ventre accouchement e domicile regles apres accouchement
enceinte ipod sport apres cesarienne calcul accouchement beyonce enceintecarla bruni peridurale grossesse grossesse douleur pubis sport aprsaccouchement
debut de grossesse grossesse extra uterine
conge maternite carla bruni accouchement symptome accouchement position accouchement pleineventre lune aprsaccouchement douleur bas ventre femme naturel
yoga femme enceinte grossesse prelevement vaginal regime femme enceinte suis je enceinte vetement femme enceinte grossesse symptomes gros ventre
contractions accouchement
femme enceinte
prelevement vaginal robe femme enceinte
femme enceinte avion
femme enceinte imagecarla sarkozy
seins femme enceinte
femme enceinte accouchement droit femme enceinte massage femme enceinte
toucher vaginal grossesse toxoplasmose femme enceinte
doctissimo grossesse
cesarienne douleur video de cesarienne
enceinte apres cesarienne
retour de couche fin grossesse
photo cesarienne cesarienne allaitement
grossesse apres cesarienne
sexe grossesse
grossesse doulerapres ovaireaccouchement echographie sexe bebe
toxoplasmose
apres cesarienne
sexe enfant calendrier chinois sexe foetus accouchementprovoquer de femmeaccouchement
accouchement chat grossesse douleur dos sexe du bebe
ventre femme enceinte
symptome femme enceinte femme enceinte grossesse
forum femme enceinte
post accouchement accouchement sans douleur lune et accouchement ventre apres cesarienne sexe bebe
douleur
grossesseechographie semaine grossesse
fromage femme enceinte
blog femme enceinte
grossesse vaginal
accouchement
calendrier grossesse grossesse
photo femme enceinte
comment tomber enceinte vetement grossesse cadeau femme enceinte calcul grossesse echographie
sport femme enceinte
douleur estomac
date accouchement
nausees grossesse test de grossesse accouchement carla
etre enceinte ma grossesse
enceinte hifi enceinte symptomes regles et grossesse
femme actuelle recette femme enceinte perte vaginal grossesse varicelle
enceinte, Grossesse, Gynècologie, Gynècologue, Pèridurale, Sage femme, Sex grossesse.
calendrier de grossesse
douleur accouchement
sexe pendant grossesse
ventre grossesse debut grossesse fille ou garcon
bebe apres cesarienne
contraction accouchement
declenchement accouchement sexe apres grossesse sexe enceinte accouchement video accouchement en direct
cesarienne programmee
cesarienne
femme enceinte nu video femme enceinte cicatrice cesarienne jeune femme enceinte femme enceinte nue alimentation femme enceinte perte vaginal forum cesarienne grossesse sexedouleur bebe avant accouchement accoucher sanscalendrier peridurale varicelle femme enceinte lunaire grossesse semaine de grossesse apres accouchement douleur gynecologue rouen calendrier chinois grossesse grossesse cesarienne gynecologue metz video cesarienne gynecologue rennes gynecologue nancy accouchement et douleur anesthesie sexe enfant grossesse gynecologue nimes sans peridurale gynecologue annecy accouchement apres cesarienne sexe bebe grossesse gynecologue reims conseil sage femme sexe du foetus date de grossesse medecin gynecologue cesarienne anesthesie accouchement cesarienne video gynecologue strasbourg gynecologue avignon douleur peridurale accouchement cesarienne gynecologue toulouse connaitre sexe bebe gynecologue lyon gynecologue nice risque cesarienne sage femme salaire accouchement naturel tarif gynecologue ecole sage femme douleur contraction accouchement gynecologue montpellier cesarienne en urgence anesthesie peridurale sport cesarienne gynecologue pour homme preparation accouchement
peridurale
gynecologue
gynecologue examen
gynecologue grenoble
gynecologue marseille
gynecologue lille
video gynecologue
gynecologue en ligne
gynecologuetatouage paris et peridurale
gynecologue homme
gynecologue perpignan
gyneco
sage femme accouchement
gynecologie examen gynecologue caen
gynecologue orleans
gynecologie
gynecologie ludique
gyneco obstetrique
cicatrice etre sage femme sage femme montpellier
sage femme
prescription sage femme definition peridurale sage femme toulouse
gynecologue obstetrique
gynecologue nantes
cesarienne et grossesse
accouchement naturel video accouchement peridurale puericultrice accouchement sans peridurale tatouage peridurale
gynecologue bordeaux
douleur apres cesarienne
haptonomie
metier sege femme cadre sagevideo femmeaccouchement -
concours sage femme peridurale risque sage femme rennes sage femme homme declenchement accouchement naturel
etude sage femme gynecologie medicale sage femme nice service gynecologie sage femme liberale
emploi sage femme devenir sage femme
blog sage femme sage femme grenoble sage femme paris sage femme marseille gynecologie video gynecologie obstetrique sage femme ordre sageconsultation femme sage femme haptonomie
obstetrique
accouchement domicile
sage femme lyon congres gynecologie formation sage femme cabinet gynecologie sage femme pmi medecine gynecologie college gynecologie
• 53
The controversy on the web
Trend graphs comparison among correspective words
Taglio Taglio cesareo/ cesareo/ Cesarienne Cesarienne
Parto Parto naturale/ naturale/ Accouchement Accouchement naturel naturel
D
180 180
180 180
1
160 160
160 160
1
140 140
140 140
1
120 120
120 120
1
100 100
100 100
1
80 80
80 80
60 60
60 60
40 40
40 40
20 20
20 20
0
0
0 00 00 0 11 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 r.1 lr.1.1 t.l1.1 t.1 pr. upl.r1. ctu.l1.1 nc.1t.1 n.1 Ap AJup OcJu Oc A JA O J JaO Ja
0
0
0 00 00 0 11 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 r.1 lr.1.1 t.l1.1 t.1 pr. upl.r1. ctu.l1.1 nc.1t.1 n.1 Ap AJup OcJu Oc A JA O J JaO Ja
Gravidanza Gravidanza cesareo/ cesareo/ Grossesse Grossesse cesarienne cesarienne
Gravidanza/ Gravidanza/ Grossesse Grossesse
G
180 180
180 180
1
160 160
160 160
1
140 140
140 140
1
120 120
120 120
1
100 100
100 100
1
80 80
80 80
60 60
60 60
40 40
40 40
20 20
20 20
0
0
0 00 00 0 11 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 r.1 lr.1.1 t.l1.1 t.1 pr. upl.r1. ctu.l1.1 nc.1t.1 n.1 Ap AJup OcJu Oc A JA O J JaO Ja
0
0
0 00 00 0 11 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 r.1 lr.1.1 t.l1.1 t.1 pr. upl.r1. ctu.l1.1 nc.1t.1 n.1 Ap AJup OcJu Oc A JA O J JaO Ja
Cesareo Cesareo programmato/ programmato/ Cesarienne Cesarienne programme programme
Gravidanza Gravidanza dopo dopo c/ Grossesse c/ Grossesse apres apres c c
D
180 180
180 180
1
160 160
160 160
1
140 140
140 140
1
120 120
120 120
1
100 100
100 100
1
80 80
80 80
60 60
60 60
40 40
40 40
20 20
20 20
0
0
54 •
0 00 00 0 11 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 r.1 lr.1.1 t.l1.1 t.1 pr. upl.r1. ctu.l1.1 nc.1t.1 n.1 Ap AJup OcJu Oc A JA O J JaO Ja
0
0
0 00 00 0 11 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 r.1 lr.1.1 t.l1.1 t.1 pr. upl.r1. ctu.l1.1 nc.1t.1 n.1 Ap AJup OcJu Oc A JA O J JaO Ja
Gravidanza dopo c/ Grossesse apres c
180
180
180
140
40
160
120 100
140
140
20
120
80
0
100
60
120 100
.11 12 ct Jan.
80
80
60
60
20
20
0
0 0 0 r.1 l.1 t.1 Ap Ju Oc
180
60
160
40
140
140 120
1 1 1 r.1 l.1 t.1 n.12 Ap Ju Oc Ja
0
0 0 0 r.1 l.1 t.1 Ap Ju Oc
60
10 10 10 40 pr. Jul. ct. A O 20 1 1 .11 .12 r.1 ul.1 0 t n p c A J O Ja
140
180
120
160
100
140
120
20
80
100
0
60
120
40
100 0
80
0 0 r.1 l.1 t.1 Ap 80Ju Oc
20 The controversy on the60 web 0
60
1 1 1 r.1 l.1 t.1 n.12 Ap Ju Oc Ja
40
20 0
0 0 0 r.1 l.1 t.1 Ap Ju Oc
1 1 1 r.1 l.1 t.1 n.12 Ap Ju Oc Ja
0 0 0 r.1 l.1 t.1 Ap Ju Oc
0 0 0 r.1 l.1 t.1 40 Ap Ju Oc 20 1 1 1 r.1 ul.1 ct.1 0n.12 p A J O Ja
180
140
160
120
140
100
120
80
100
60
1 1 1 r.1 l.1 t.1 n80.12 Ap Ju Oc Ja 60 1 1 1 r.1 l.1 t.1 n.12 Ap Ju Oc Ja
60
20 140 120
0
0 0 0 r.1 l.1 t.1 Ap Ju Oc
1 1 1 r.1 l.1 t.1 n.12 Ap Ju Oc Ja
0 0 0 r.1 l.1 t.1 Ap Ju Oc
100 80 60
0 0 l.1 t.1 r Ap60 Ju Oc 1 1 1 r.1 l.1 t.1 n.12 Ap Ju Oc Ja
40
1 1 1 40 r.1 l.1 t.1 n.12 Ap 20Ju Oc Ja 0
0 r.1 l.1 Ap Ju
20 0
0 0 0 r.1 l.1 t.1 Ap Ju Oc
0 0 0 r.1 l.1 t.1 1 1 1 Ap Ju Oc r.1 l.1 t.1 n.12 Ap Ju Oc Ja
.it/.fr Francia GoogleTrends .it/.fr | jan 2009-jan 2012 Italia jan 2009-jan 2012
time interst
Dolore Dolore parto/ parto/ Douleur Douleur accouchement accouchement
Ostetrica/ Ostetrica/ Sage Sage femme femme
180 180
180 180
160 160
160 160
140 140
140 140
120 120
120 120
100 100
100 100
80 80
80 80
60 60
60 60
40 40
40 40
20 20
20 20
0
0
0 00 00 0 11 11 1 1 2 1 2 r.1 lr..11 t.l1.1 t.1 pr. uplr.1. cut.l1.1 nc.1t.1 n.1 Ap AJup OJcu Oc A AJ O J JaO Ja
0
0
0 00 00 0 11 11 1 1 2 1 2 r.1 lr..11 t.l1.1 t.1 pr. uplr.1. cut.l1.1anc.1t.1 an.1 J OJ J O J Ap AJup OJcu Oc A A
Ginecologia/ Ginecologia/ Gynecologie Gynecologie
Ginecologo/ Ginecologo/ Gynecologue Gynecologue
180 180
180 180
160 160
160 160
140 140
140 140
120 120
120 120
100 100
100 100
80 80
80 80
60 60
60 60
40 40
40 40
20 20
20 20
0
0
0 00 00 0 11 11 1 1 2 1 2 r.1 lr..11 t.l1.1 t.1 pr. uplr.1. cut.l1.1 nc.1t.1 n.1 Ap AJup OJcu Oc A AJ O J JaO Ja
0
0
0 00 00 0 11 11 1 1 2 1 2 r.1 lr..11 t.l1.1 t.1 pr. uplr.1. cut.l1.1anc.1t.1 an.1 J OJ J O J Ap AJup OJcu Oc A A
Dopo Dopo cesareo/ cesareo/ Apres Apres cesarienne cesarienne
Sesso Sesso gravidanza/ gravidanza/ Sexe Sexe grossesse grossesse
180 180
180 180
160 160
160 160
140 140
140 140
120 120
120 120
100 100
100 100 60 60
40 40
40 40
20 20
20 20
0
0
research volume
80 80
60 60
research volume
80 80
0 00 00 0 11 11 1 1 2 1 2 r.1 lr..11 t.l1.1 t.1 pr. uplr.1. cut.l1.1 nc.1t.1 n.1 Ap AJup OJcu Oc A AJ O J JaO Ja
0
0
1 1 1 r.1 l.1 t.1 n.12 Ap Ju Oc Ja
GoogleTrends .it/.fr Francia GoogleTrends jan 2009-jan 2012 Francia GoogleTrends .it/.fr | jan Italia Italia Italia
time interst
120
140
80 .10
60 0 0 0 r.1 40l.1 t.1 Ap Ju Oc 20 1 1 1 r.1 l.1 t.1 n.12 Ap Ju Oc Ja 0
time interst Francia
time interst
140
160
100
80
20
180
120
0 100
20 0
180
40 160
40
40
research volume
0
160
100 0 0 0 40 .11 11 .11 12 r.1 l.1 t.1 pr ul. ct Jan. Ap Ju Oc 20 A J O 80
40
40
180
Sesso gravidanza/ Se 180
100
research volume
60
160
180
Dopo cesareo/ Apres cesarienne 180
Dopo cesareo/ Apres cesarienne80 Sesso gravidanza/ Sexe grossesse Sesso gravidanza/ Sexe grossesse 160 160
research volume research volume
Cesareo programmato/ Cesarienne programme
100
100
apres c Cesareo programmato/ Cesarienne programme Gravidanza dopo c/ Grossesse apres Gravidanza c 80 dopo160c/ Grossesse Dopo 80 Cesarienne programme Cesareo programmato/ cesareo/ Apres cesarienne 160
0 00 00 0 11 11 1 1 2 1 2 r.1 lr..11 t.l1.1 t.1 pr. uplr.1. cut.l1.1anc.1t.1 an.1 J OJ J O J Ap AJup OJcu Oc A A
• 55
The controversy on the web
05.3 Semantic Analysis. Introduction. The semantic analysis of this phase is conduced exactly like the previous semantic analysis about perceived image. Anyway in this case, the zoom is not conduced as before. Now, instead of analysing relations among topics, the research gives attention to the discussion inside each main topic. From the graphics below, the issues more interesting are Maternity and General medical issues for Italy and France as well. It is possible to suggest the user’s research on the web concerns mostly informative aspect of pregnancy and c.s. delivery. A remarkable difference is the presence in Italy as third main discussion topic of Choice factors. It shows a more active dialogue about c.s. controversies.
3 • ITALIAN WORDS Semantic analysis of a corpus of 3884 URLs.
4 • FRENCH WORDS Semantic analysis of a corpus of 1395 URLs. The different number of URLs is due to the cleaning of the keywords: all the URLs with keywords with a low relevance were deleted.
Media Media
General General medical medical issues issues
Mortality Mortality
General General emotional emotional issues issues
LawLaw
VipsVips
Medical Medical structure structure
Institution Institution
Medical Medical staffstaff
Association Association
Sanitary Sanitary System System
Choice Choice factors factors
Caesarean Caesarean Section Section
Difficulty Difficulty
Natural Natural delivery delivery
Baby Baby
Maternity Maternity
Family Family
56 •
The controversy on the web
Blog Blog Website
20%
Website
31%
Portal Portal
28,5%
20%
Blog
31%
Website
28,5%
1% 31,5% 1%
Blog
Portal
Website
Digital Magazine Digital Magazine
19%
19%
Digital Portal Magazine
Forum Forum
1,5%
1,5%
Digital Magazine
31,5% 38%
29,5%
38% 29,5%
5 • TOPICS Topic of discussion in Italy and France ordered by relevance in the issue network.
• 57
The controversy on the web
Semantic Overview on relevant macro categories
Maternity/ Italy
“Maternity” in Italy.
Maternity/ Italy
Madre Madre
Gravidanza Gravidanza Utero Donna
Utero Contrazioni Allattamento
Donna Femminilità Maternità
Nausea Contrazioni Placenta
Ventre Allattamento Incinta
Femminilità Maternità 6 • TREEMAPS Focus on Maternity topic. Women occupy an extremely important role in the controversy issues. Each web research is verted on them, nothing connects to men or family members.
Nausea
Placenta Ventre
Incinta “Choice factors” in Italy. Choice factors/ Italy Choice factors/ Italy
Complicazioni Complicazioni Motivazioni Consigli
Motivazioni Sessualità Esperienza
Cambiamenti Consigli Fattori economici
Sessualità Esperienza Cambiamenti Fattori economici 7 • TREEMAPS Focus on Choice factors. It is important to consider the necessity for users to be supported by someone in the choice.
58 •
The controversy on the web
Emotions/Italy
“Emotions” in Italy.
Emotions/Italy
Depressione
Depressione Dolore
Psicologia
Dolore
Emozioni Fatica
Psicologia
Amore
Emozioni Fatica Amore
8 • TREEMAPS Focus on Emotions. The most important subcatergory is Depression, mostly in post partum phase, that represents an increasing dangerous problem of contempory women.
“General medical issues” in Italy.Italy General medical issues/ General medical issues/ Italy
Chirurgia Chirurgia
Anestesia
Anestesia Epidurale
Epidurale
Medicina Cicatrice
Medicina
Medicina
Post parto Malattia
Cicatrice
Podalico
Pre-termine
Medicina
Urgenza
Emorragia
Post parto
Infezione
Malattia 9 • TREEMAPS Focus on General medical issues. Something relevant is associated to Anestesia: women are afraid of delivery pains and Medical structure not always ensure this kind of service in Italy.
Podalico
Pre-termine Urgenza
Emorragia • 59 Infezione
The controversy on the web
Maternity/ Italy
“Medical staff” in France. Maternity/ Italy
Docteur Docteur
Sage femme Sage femme Obstétrique
Obstétrique Gynecologie Obstétrique
Gynecologie Obstétrique
10 • TREEMAPS Focus on Medical staff. The Obstetric is a fundamental figure in the delivery process even more the gynecologist.
Choice factors/ France “Choice factors” in France. Choice factors/ France
Sexualité Sexualité Complications
Complications Expèrience Consultations
Consultations Expèrience
11 • TREEMAPS Focus on Choice factors. Living the delivery as a couple, Sex is a primal factor of choice.
60 •
The controversy on the web
Emotions/France “Emotions” in France.
Emotions/France
Positif
Positif
Nègatif
Nègatif
Douleur
Douleur
12 • TREEMAPS Focus on Emotions. Generally, delivery is associated to positive sensations.
Family/ France “Family” in France.
Père Family/ France
Père Famille Parents
Famille Parents
13 • TREEMAPS Focus on Family. Fathers and family occupy an important role in delivery event.
• 61
62 •
INSTITUTIONS
DIGITAL MAGAZINE
INDIPENDENT
MEDICAL COMPANY
FORUM
ASSOCIATION OF INDIPENDENT MEDICAL FIGURES
OTHER COMPANIES
INDIPENDENT CITIZEN
lagazzettadelmezzogiorno.it
valentina.duestrade.it hsacco.it benessere.com bari.repubblica.i associazioneitalianaostetricia.it mamma.pourfemme.it partonaturale.org sceglitu.it infanziabambini.it drorlandella.it marsupioscuola.it
fnco.it
snlg-iss.it idoctors.it sanihelp.it bambinopoli.it
hsr.it
fondazionembbm.it stradaperunsogno.com dolcemamma.it oirmsantanna.piemonte.it sanita.padova.it medicinaeprevenzione.it gyneconline.net
ieo.it
magazine.paginemediche.it ricerca.repubblica.it cmsantagostino.it mammole.it blog.mammenellarete.it rssp.salute.gov.it humanitas.it
The controversy on the web
BL
05.3 URLs, categories, authors.
Relations between sites and authors.
After analysing semantic main topics, the research focus on a website categorization on the model of the previous image contents categorization.
REGULAR WEBSITE
MEDIA COMPANY
LOG
ASSOCIATION OF INDIPENDENT CITIZIENS
MEDICAL INSTITUTIONS
MEDICAL FIGURE
it.wikipedia.org
nostrofiglio.it
quimamme.leiweb.it
pianetamamma.it
asf.toscana.it
alfemminile.com
gravidanzaonline.it
angolodonne.it
dolceattesa.rcs.it
salutedonna.it
chiediallostetrica.blogspot.it
guidaconsumatore.com
vivalamamma.tgcom24.it
medicitalia.it
genitorichannel.it
alfemminile.com
donnamoderna.com
ostetricagiorgiatiz.it
blogmamma.it
saperidoc.it
salute.gov.it
forum.gravidanzaonline.it
inerboristeria.com
cercounbimbo.net
psico-terapia.it
farmacoecura.it
ginecologo.it
lamiaostetrica.it
partonaturale.net
ilfattoquotidiano.it
partecipasalute.it
The controversy on the web
PORTAL
14 • ITALY
• 63
The controversy on the web
15 • FRANCE
64 •
The controversy on the web
• 65
The controversy on the web
Vips 66 •
16 • ITALY Blogs and Forums take part remarkably in the controversy discussion on the web, even if Portals mantain a predominant position.
The controversy on the web
17 • FRANCE Blogs and Forums are not remarkable present in the controversy discussion on the web.
• 67
The controversy on the web
05.4 Who talks about O.M.S? Web survey. In recent years, the guidelines about cesaren section proposed by W.H.O are considered, as institutional papers, a point of reference for sanitary systems and citizens. That is why, the attention of the research is centred on the spreading of W.H.O. guidelines on the network. Introducing the queries “oms + parto cesareo” and “oms + césarienne” in national Google is build a corpus of the first one hundred URLs per country. After that the entire corpus is compared to the ones coming by the previous research to evidence similarities and relevance of the sites talking about W.H.O. in the issues network.
68 •
•Italy. http://www.vitadidonna.it/ gravidanza/4336-parto-cesareo-informatiprima.html http://www.liberoquotidiano.it/ news//816786/Sanita---Oms-rivedra--quota-massima-cesarei--15--parametro-superato----.html http://www.gravidanzaonline.it/news/1058. html http://forum.alfemminile.com/forum/ f483/__f1021_f483-Non-del-15-di-cesareiper-l-oms-alias-who-twisted.html http://www.corriere.it/salute/10_gennaio_12/cesareo-rischiocomplicanze_4dc1822c-ff94-11de-a79100144f02aabe.shtml http://www.lavitaprenatale.org/oms.htm http://www.figliefamiglia.it/2011/04/ parto-oms-meglio-naturale-anche-dopoun-cesareo/ http://www.blitzquotidiano.it/teatro/ cesareo-parto-gravidanza-donneoms-973706/ https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q =cache:FMXRzGKYmcAJ:www.who.int/ pmnch/media/mnchnews/2009/pubblicazionetagliocesareo.pdf+oms%2Bcesareo&hl=it&gl=it&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESjGEA J5hbeE6fwdma5vcgVmrcsCnf-WSfGND dN05GSF8BXS_tvXB3qJ5I1xNMmVkYPpcey5zmrJDXsCBsISN3vFZ0GnNuYWkVa53NhqIPXj3VA7f2EfwbCyemPzt_ U1yHrO92U&sig=AHIEtbTG94QUTIYU0HWcbn7X23QgeRTGw http://www.dolceattesa.rcs.it/2012/06/ parto-cesareo-niente-bis/ https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=ca che:jHD27u9AAOgJ:www.ondaosservatorio. it/allegati/Progettiattivita/Pubblicazioni/ Libri/Libro%2520bianco/Comunicati%2520 stampa%25203%2520luglio/3lugliocheda3P articesarei.pdf+oms%2Bcesareo&hl=it&gl=i t&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESg2FfD39YmI2Pn8J LP13nbzqc9k-5of1fN_o_WDK_M_HW3rqtu9cRFYDIwYH4GO2-c1ugCv2vLAXTgFIF3xiIWtr5xF9_c9dsZWLRZK3BjR_aO9fnC3zFc 1zqkVuDKnP3xHUIys&sig=AHIEtbT3QXCZ hzIjd8Ww7RF2qmPob9VDlw http://www.ondaosservatorio.it/elementipagine/37/it/altri-progetti/121/partnershiponda--oms https://docs.google.com/viewer?
a=v&q=cache:lzgCidGz7F8J:www. ondaosservatorio.it/allegati/Progettiattivita/Altri%2520Progetti/2010/ Comunicati%2520stampa/Comunicato%25 20stampaCampaniaOMS.pdf+oms%2Bcesa reo&hl=it&gl=it&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEEShb V3bQ-igtRkiOcRuP7yM-9L4CGR66UOZeKzdo9c_EDl7jsC0OWd38RwYCR5qpfAFxpEcAVUziI4IHxZXDE7f1R6iFE-7gfpVTDKz2bP7LK3EagqOdL9XhigeDqDFsKbq7azk& sig=AHIEtbRr7G9F0SvvSxDpmDCM24Hj1 KZ8WQ http://www.mirorenzaglia.org/2011/10/ lindustria-del-parto-cesareo-italia-prima/ http://www.paginemamma.it/it/574/ parto-e-nascita/partorire/detail_138045_ parto-cesareo.aspx?c1=39&c3=8469 http://www.mammapermamma. eu/2010/03/08/il-parto-naturale-dopocesareo/ http://www.salute.gov.it/dettaglio/pdPrimoPiano.jsp?id=193&sub=5&lang=it http://www.doctor33.it/oms-verso-tassopersonalizzato-di-cesarei/politica-e-sanita/ news-36839.html http://it-it.facebook.com/notes/informazione-libera/parto-cesareo-monito-delloms/10150501028024154 http://www.cronachelaiche.it/cl/2011/12/ inchiesta-sui-parti-cesarei-monito-delloms/ http://www.tuttomamma.com/oms-allavoro-per-rivedere-i-tassi-relativi-ai-taglicesarei/19723/ http://quimamme.leiweb.it/gravidanza-eparto/parto/tipi-di-parto/articoli-2011/parto-naturale-o-cesareo-30320426727.shtml http://www.salutedomani.com/il_weblog_di_antonio/2010/02/oms-in-arrivo-larevisione-dei-tassi-per-i-cesarei-una-nuova-mozione-di-sigo-e-onda-per-il-governo. html http://www.adnkronos.com/IGN/Daily_ Life/Benessere/Sanita-Oms-rivedra-quotamassima-cesarei-15-parametro-superato_312427014404.html http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taglio_cesareo http://www.donnamoderna.com/mamme/ Gravidanza/parto-cesareo http://www.latuaostetrica.it/gravidanza/ gravidanza_raccomandazioni_OMS.php http://www.118pescara.it/oms_e_onda_
The controversy on the web
invitano_a_contenere_i_parti_cesarei.html https://docs.google.com/viewer?a =v&q=cache:xiDYc8XXdcUJ:www. sanita.ilsole24ore.com/Sanita/Archivio/Normativa%2520e%2520varie/ Microsoft%2520Word%2520%2520mozionetaglio.pdf%3Fcmd%3Dart%26codid%3D23.0.554729193+oms%2B cesareo&hl=it&gl=it&pid=bl&srcid=AD GEESgM_92Jr9Di__23VC02NcD0G7VL MTFKHId-eEbkh1XqR9xaFB9MNKVoqCaB68u9DOQCJCnDD75oMeTI1evwzhbOrSat8sKdKLoDXLsHl9iYkBo8o-eai0zAazEjPQZmVZZOWfmS&sig=AHIEtbQEHM10PySMphFvctVFLFq4rSpiA http://www.paginemamma.it/ it/574/parto-e-nascita/partorire/ detail_138039_i-diritti-delle-partorienti. aspx?c1=5654&c3=8469 http://milano.repubblica.it/cronaca/2010/03/31/news/in_lombardia_un_ parto_su_tre_col_cesareo_l_oms_la_ soglia_ideale_del_15_per_cento-3048015/ http://www.gynevra.it/news/News_1232Cesarei_l’OMS_invoca_%22Solo_con_indicazione_clinica%22.html http://archivio.denaro.it/VisArticolo.aspx/ VisArticolo.aspx?IdArt=588251 http://salute.pourfemme.it/articolo/ gravidanza-l-oms-incoraggia-il-partonaturale/9545/ http://www.ilfattoquotidiano. it/2011/12/20/nascere/178715/ http://www.mediapolitika.com/wordpress/archivio/archives/9255 http://www.bergamosera.com/ cms/?p=65370 http://www.freeall.epac.to/ http://www.ondaosservatorio.it/allegati/ Progettiattivita/Conferenzestampa/2011 /7settembrecesareo/01%20-%20Comunicato%20Cesarei%20Def.pdf http://www.sanihelp.it/news/6811/partoraccomandazioni-deloms/1.html http://www.sanihelp.it/news/13408/naturale-cesareo-parola-alle-donne/1.html http://www.amicidelbaretto.org/blog/tag/ indicazioni-oms/ http://mamma.pourfemme.it/articolo/parto-naturale-o-cesareo-quale-scegliere/7617/ http://www.lagravidanza.net/le-15-raccomandazioni-delloms-per-la-partoriente.
html http://www.dica33.it/cont/focus/1001/2200/cesareo-taglia-rischi.asp http://ilfarodelsud.net/2011/10/18/allarmeoms-troppe-nascite-pilotate-e-cesarei-arischio-la-sicurezza/ http://www.ioeilmiobambino.it/repartomaternita/parto/cesarei-ancora-troppi-6071 http://www.cronachelodigiane.net/articleoms-ridurre-i-cesarei-il-parto-naturalesenza-dolore-ora-si-puo-85781231.html http://www.tuttomamma.com/tag/tagliocesareo/ http://www.tuttosteopatia.it/nav/blog/bosteopatia/gravidanza-2/aumentano-inati-prematuri-tra-le-cause-troppi-particesarei/ http://www.cronachelodigiane.net/ article-parto-cesareo-a-lodi-sembra-untrend-50752078.html http://www.mammaimperfetta. it/2012/06/06/cesareo-su-richiest/ http://www.fanoinforma.it/Politica/ art27304/7_ottobre_11/Fano_tagli_cesarei_nelle_marche_piu_del_doppio_rispetto_al_limite_oms.html http://epidurale.blogspot.it/2010/07/cesareo-15-e-non-piu-15-ma-anche-no.html https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=ca che:LoZufykaKaUJ:www.mammadoula.it/ documenti/raccomandazioniOMS.pdf+om s%2Bcesareo&hl=it&gl=it&pid=bl&srcid= ADGEEShDeAV-D9dR_yZTru1NqYQqGhvpAksY5z4HZ4sJGjviW3D7BZRPS_C5JpKgI3QHyBXPQ_bJwtxi2sM216-brm5wuDpkt5WV3Y-Fwdau5rSepwwZncNaw2_UmbIg_gkKDecNT5Q&sig=AHIEtbRlbKwlfcZy 6iO6zEyDNoDnGGwbYA http://www.repubblica.it/salute/ benessere-donna/gravidanza-e-parto/2010/08/31/news/italia_record_di_cesarei-6648567/ http://donna.tuttogratis.it/salute/partoper-loms-meglio-quello-naturale/P175177/ http://www.ilmessaggero.it/home_initalia/primopiano/in_italia_il_doppio_dei_ parti_cesarei_il_38_contro_il_15_fissato_ daloms/notizie/118532.shtml http://www.tuttomamma.com/desperate-debra-simulatore-cesarei-emergenza/25719/
http://mammavale.wordpress.com/tag/ oms-parto-cesareo-episiotomia-epiduraleossitocina-rooming-in-travaglio/ http://www.lastampa.it/2011/07/14/scienza/benessere/gravidanza-parto-pediatria/ depressione-post-parto-in-agguato-dopoil-taglio-cesareo-5cSDXvLemS9tKvvxaFvWqK/pagina.html http://magazine.paginemediche.it/it/365/ il-punto-di-vista/ginecologia-e-ostetricia/ news/detail_127454_numero-di-cesareilitalia-e-maglia-nera.aspx?c1=39&c2=399 http://www.nostrofiglio.it/gravidanza/ parto/parto-cesareo-o-no.html http://www.ilmiopancione.it/allattamento-dopo-parto-cesareo-oggi-si-pu/ http://news.jbprof.com/tag/oms/page/2/ http://notizie.tiscali.it/articoli/cronaca/10/09/03/intervista-giovanni-monnicesarei.html http://www.psicologiaperinatale.it/PP/ oms_2.html http://www.periodofertile.it/gravidanza/ parto-naturale-dopo-un-parto-cesareovbac-quando-e-possibile http://www.ondaosservatorio.it/allegati/ Progettiattivita/attivit%C3%A0%20istituzionale/milano%202010/Microsoft%20 Word%20-%20ducumento%20per%20la%20 regione%20con%20suggerimenti.pdf http://www.nascita-nondisturbare. com/?p=35 http://www.tantasalute.it/articolo/particesarei-in-italia-se-ne-fanno-troppi/11141/ http://donna.tuttogratis.it/mamma/ depressione-post-partum-piu-a-rischiodonne-che-subiscono-taglio-cesareo/ P210687/ https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=c ache:UA6Ic54qrjYJ:www.ondaosservatorio. it/allegati/Progettiattivita/attivit%25C3%2 5A0%2520istituzionale/milano%25202010/ Comunicato%2520Stampa.pdf+oms%2Bcesareo&hl=it&gl=it&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESjYOnY9mB0Nq_-Yey0wzArcdheNzrT2Pk4e rVi15a2rt52fqioI8skRot54Oy2OX4t-HiSSHD v5dDg1t8wrQk0gTXXDRAbDRdNgMabgcCSSNqtncFpfGzG0Gh2bKVyTqoRpw_zI& sig=AHIEtbSlCnMSmnRNkXUN02I5C1Tn RrNJnQ https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=ca che:_7SpZuYciFEJ:www.ondaosservatorio. • 69
The controversy on the web
•France. it/allegati/Progettiattivita/Pubblicazioni/ quaderni/Lasalutematernoinfantilepartocesareo.pdf+oms%2Bcesareo&hl=it&gl=it&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESgjsdnQSQ 2Cnxe4m8YiP8fxFUrpjcEXgDjYdjiD9GcR hilW3fY1Yoe8fwZYSjGUDGrR_m2rHocrWhlzVNAx2_qhJKfY0Lx_Uidv_syH9J9uC5 NaW2PZ6oDmzi6durg1KYGPgbiQ&sig=AH IEtbR_d3CdgLw8aGMjSpPx8Pkro7WtAQ http://www.partecipasalute.it/cms_2/ node/917 http://www.tuttomamma.com/tag/partocesareo/ http://www.ilgiornale.it/news/parti-cesarei-italia-record.html http://www.genitorichannel.it/gravidanzaparto/ritardare-il-taglio-del-cordone-nelcesareo.html http://partonaturale.nelblog.com/partonaturale-video/naturale-cesareo-partodivide.html http://www.corsipreparto.com/raccomandazioni-oms_parto.aspx http://www.partonaturale.net/partonaturale/contenuto/la-petizione-pugliese-ilparto-casa https://docs.google.com/ viewer?a=v&q=cache:gsADRb0E--kJ:www. ostetriche.rc.it/portale/files/normativa/20090729230714.pdf+oms%2Bcesareo&hl=it&gl=it&pid=bl&srcid=ADG EESjsrFiqSdsxEfqJ0LaWW6VUaZlKlm8JTG_ChV66NBniwEh-ov6wdnFR-Rmt9YyK3PfSpiM8b9OvvNAnStg-VREqO7kUkYKz6M_HI45AfJZfBVWNsN-Sv-LUCl mPvXNBFRYdLUk&sig=AHIEtbRK42pB6 9A-C_juJnuGrt07D3i2_Q http://www.versounanuovavita.it/area_riserv/02_controlli_ed_esami/02_0605_raccomandazioni_OMS.htm http://www.figliefamiglia.it/2011/10/ maternita-in-aumento-i-cesarei-sono-il40-dei-parti-italiani/ http://archiviostorico.corriere.it/2010/ febbraio/09/come_Diminuire_Parti_Cesarei_Italia_co_9_100209010.shtml http://noteesalute.blogspot.it/2010/01/ allarme-delloms-il-parto-cesareo.html http://www.ariannaeditrice.it/articolo. php?id_articolo=40829 https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q= cache:ndTpKp5OIKQJ:ondaosservatorio. 70 •
it/allegati/aree_interesse/pdf/TAGLIOCESAREOONDA.pdf+oms%2Bcesareo&hl=it&gl=it&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEEShrrtJi6ZRoy CUoj3wsbiYFiDvmW1BM66RrzhYY2OQw D-3nTq3TUT7Op9ikNFFeUkBv9EanSkwPfbFLgg5NNel7EBYVmI8F_ah6o5_U1z5cic5u laeznaCEtpT3g6H3HOB4SJda&sig=AHIEtb RP3KuJhUMWLqK0T9M_z5bkTTnJ3A http://www.genitorichannel.it/Gravidanza-e-parto/Partorire-naturalmente-dopouno-o-piu-cesarei-VBAC.html http://www.mammapermamma.eu/tag/ oms/ http://www.ilgiornale.it/news/troppiparti-cesarei-italiail-ministro-manda-i-nas. html http://www.professionemamma.it/ professione-mamma/parto/142-gravidanzae-nascita-dopo-un-precedente-tagliocesareo-vbac.html http://www.corriere.it/salute/10_aprile_15/ cesarei-uso-massiccio_6982c8cc-4846-11df8e1e-00144f02aabe.shtml http://donnagravidanza.forumfree. it/?t=23841301 http://www.nostrofiglio.it/gravidanza/ parto/parto-cesareo-guida-decidere.html http://www.giornalettismo.com/archives/50680/parto-cesareo-diamocitaglio/ http://www.mammapretaporter.it/ gravidanza/item/58-raccomandazioni-omssulla-nascita.html http://www.oltreilmakeup.eu/tag/partocesareo/ http://www.figliefamiglia.it/2011/09/ paura-del-parto-ed-e-corsa-alcesareo/https://docs.google.com/ viewer?a=v&q=cache:B1vA-uZKARsJ:www. arespuglia.it/upload/lg_n21b.pdf+oms%2Bcesareo&hl=it&gl=it&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEEShYHrp7YlM9UGNPPuZMWKr-WNfxJQt L3cKDWFc1HUKdugrPpKSWqTPyhrtOLgf qx16BXJqbRyEXJ21pIY4duvNKQi3H7bd8rlPomTOrJy4E0ybq8MmwwqYJFTND8K-zG j1OlWPC&sig=AHIEtbSokezntcYqtfkzEvdo tICKOfDJZw http://www.uppa.it/dett_articolo. php?idr=14&ida=220&idb=67
http://apps.who.int/rhl/pregnancy_childbirth/childbirth/breech/acacom/fr/index. html http://www.cesarine.org/avant/etat_des_ lieux.php http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/ C%C3%A9sarienne http://accoucherautrement.free.fr/Recommandations-OMS.htm http://www.hellocoton.fr/nouvellesrecommandations-de-l-oms-en-matierede-cesarienne-719204 http://www.medecinshaitiens.com/id51. html http://sante-medecine.commentcamarche. net/contents/accouchement/07_la-cesarienne.php3 http://www.famili.fr/,trop-d-accouchements-par-cesarienne-en-asie,360,60460. asp http://www.doctissimo.fr/html/grossesse/ accouchement/10327-cesarienne-france. htm http://www.slate.fr/story/48749/chineempire-cesariennes http://forum.aufeminin.com/forum/ f673/__f651_f673-Quels-sont-les-avantageset-les-inconvenients-de-la-cesarienne.html http://www.top-bebe.com/en_attendant_ bebe/la_cesarienne.html http://www.courrierinternational.com/article/2010/09/06/la-cesarienne-une-affairede-confort-et-de-gros-sous http://www.actusoins.com/7740/cesariennes-une-hausse-inquietante.html http://www.cesarienne.net/ http://bresil.aujourdhuilemonde.com/ le-bresil-champion-du-monde-des-cesariennes http://apps.who.int/rhl/pregnancy_childbirth/childbirth/caesarean/CD004662_abalose_com/fr/index.html http://globometer.com/natalite-cesarienne. php https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q =cache:hw5xngYh5zYJ:www.has-sante. fr/portail/upload/docs/application/ pdf/2012-07/heterogeneite_des_pratiques_de_la_cesarienne_en_france. pdf+cesarienne%2Boms&hl=it&gl=fr&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESiOJEfDqtY1fKVREJzeXv 5vGyxHl7-Ibzdz0svC7Y6yJiNvKifZuhfdzn
The controversy on the web
yBJ_oG9X3_Z11MsRmUH43vCwazJ1sAOZLSv2zvrwqlV8jPWI9FYKDlPe3jXIbt7KMQpQAMIphDZYHP&sig=AHIEtbR9xihuI70U6pr8hN4uNklaWlfzQ http://sante.lefigaro.fr/ actualite/2010/11/21/10560-est-il-normaldaccoucher-par-cesarienne http://www.lepoint.fr/actualites-sciencessante/2010-01-15/les-risques-des-cesariennes-de-convenance/1055/0/413978 http://www.allaitement-jumeaux.com/ espace-allaitement/guide-allaitement/ cesarienne.php http://blog.vietnam-aujourdhui.info/ post/2010/01/13/Le-taux-de-naissancespar-c%C3%A9sarienne-anormalement%C3%A9lev%C3%A9-en-Asie http://mamanantes.free.fr/accouch/cesa. htm http://www.magicmaman. com/,cesarienne-de-convenance-qu-enpenser,58,1902201.asp http://www.bladi.net/forum/323910-accouchement-cesarienne/ http://apps.who.int/rhl/pregnancy_childbirth/childbirth/caesarean/CD004663_abalose_com/fr/index.html http://www.regardconscient.net/ archi06/0610odent.html http://www.afriquinfos.com/articles/2012/3/26/maurice-femmes-accouchent-cesarienne-199345.asp http://www.gfmer.ch/Guidelines/Accouchement_post-partum_fr/Cesarienne. htm http://fr.ekopedia.org/C%C3%A9sarienne http://devsante.org/actualites/naissancepar-cesarienne http://www.aujourdhui.ma/ maroc-actualite/societe/alors-quel-oms-recommande-des-taux-entre5-et-15-le-taux-d-incidence-de-la-cesarienne-est-de-50-a-la-cnops-96431.html http://www.latribune.fr/depeches/ associated-press/le-taux-de-naissancespar-cesarienne-anormalement-eleve-enasie-oms.html http://fondation-mariewys.blogvie. com/2012/04/09/la-cesarienne/ http://apps.who.int/rhl/hiv_aids/slcom/fr/ index.html http://www.femininbio.com/sante-bien-
etre/conseils-et-astuces/mon-accouchement-assiste-la-cesarienne-61669 http://www.journaldesfemmes.com/ maman/grossesse/cesarienne/taux-enhausse.shtml http://www.lechiro.fr/blog/?p=363 http://www.gyneco-online.com/obstetrique/les-cesariennes-programmees-nonurgentes-augmentent-le-risque-de-besoinde-ventilation-d http://maternilait.over-blog.com/ article-les-chinoises-preferent-la-cesarienne-42983737.html http://www.tranquillitesante.fr/actualitesante/item/347-pourquoi-tant-de-cesariennes-?.html http://sasi101.blogspot.it/2011/12/la-cesarienne-caesarienne.html http://www.commentguerir.com/article/ cesarienne http://maternagealgerie.over-blog.com/ article-35855133.html http://apps.who.int/rhl/pregnancy_childbirth/childbirth/caesarean/wkcom/fr/ index.html http://www.maxisciences.com/ b%E9b%E9/un-bebe-sur-deux-na-t-parcesarienne-aux-etats-unis_art6621.html http://www.atoute.org/n/forum/showthread.php?t=155736 http://apps.who.int/rhl/pregnancy_childbirth/childbirth/caesarean/CD004737_ goonewardenem_com/fr/index.html http://www.edukeo.net/naissances-cesarienne-a02448843.htm http://www.liberation.fr/vous/0101304009trop-de-cesariennes-en-france http://www.santedev.org/biblio/index. php?dossier=cimO82 http://apps.who.int/rhl/videos/fr/index. html http://apps.who.int/rhl/pregnancy_childbirth/childbirth/caesarean/jgccom/fr/ index.html http://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/83/6/stanton0605abstract/fr/index. html http://www.mamanpourlavie.com/ grossesse-maternite/accouchement/ cesariennes/827-taux-eleves-de-cesariennes-en-amerique-latine.thtml http://sante-guerir.notrefamille.com/
sante-a-z/qu-est-ce-qu-une-cesarienneo107424.html http://www.cesarine.org/pendant/operation/ http://accoucherautrement.free.fr/Cesarienne.htm http://www.doctissimo.fr/html/sante/ femmes/sa_770_nne.htm http://forum.doctissimo.fr/grossesse-bebe/ cesarienne/cesarienne-rassurer-futuressujet_4831_1.htm https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q= cache:iMYlm6Z5vboJ:www.cesarine.org/ avant/Deux_fois_plus_de_cesariennes_ en_20_ans.pdf+oms%2Bcesarienne&hl=it&gl=fr&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESjzwG6f1D NBnFkc-3y-PcoTYSDM1iWm4uAnim7VC kVsWLpgtP11teu37afBV_gSisO1jmsoucBrFoZ3etPI6RXtCGiVlyWig4Qao_kvRBUmUvMIn2omP0Cual_GxNaEBciCB0UD&sig=A HIEtbSKtJxucvl4hoTE4jQiJwsZENXFsw http://www.cesarine.org/avant/urgence/ http://apps.who.int/rhl/pregnancy_childbirth/childbirth/caesarean/tlcom/fr/index. html http://apps.who.int/rhl/pregnancy_childbirth/childbirth/caesarean/cd000163/fr/ index.html http://apps.who.int/rhl/pregnancy_childbirth/childbirth/breech/acaguide/fr/index. html http://www.who.int/bulletin/ volumes/90/7/11-093369-ab/fr/index.html http://apps.who.int/rhl/pregnancy_childbirth/childbirth/caesarean/cd004662/fr/ index.html http://apps.who.int/rhl/pregnancy_childbirth/childbirth/caesarean/cd004737/fr/ index.html http://apps.who.int/rhl/pregnancy_childbirth/childbirth/caesarean/cd003516/fr/ index.html https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v &q=cache:0YbOAuB0Fi0J:www.afro. who.int/index.php%3Foption%3Dcom_ docman%26task%3Ddoc_download%26gi d%3D6425+oms%2Bcesarienne&hl=it&gl=fr&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESiEBHUkRrDLKvJ 8L5D3OUmn96URWFCyx8jHKZ3Q-v6ch8 1ilIKuBT2-a3rfSFcUUULtWJ4LeEEkHNhkfNf-V2EuR7_84d-gBjyhiL5ctAeIzgxD43yQx 64rSDUnfX6ZZVcpCPeb&sig=AHIEtbSThf • 71
The perceived image of C.S.
EEbBxOGkFfl8qjXSd6iqVBQg http://apps.who.int/rhl/pregnancy_childbirth/childbirth/caesarean/cd000085/fr/ index.html http://apps.who.int/rhl/pregnancy_childbirth/childbirth/routine_care/CD006794_ amorimm_com/fr/index.html http://apps.who.int/rhl/hiv_aids/slguide/ fr/index.html http://www.lefigaro.fr/ international/2010/01/15/0100320100115ARTFIG00418-les-chinoisespreferent-la-cesarienne-.php http://www.cesarine.org/apres/bebe/ http://www.cesarine.org/apres/maison/ http://sante-az.aufeminin.com/mag/bebegrossesse/d4105/x22526.html https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=ca che:zO6k8I32J80J:www.has-sante.fr/portail/jcms/c_1297888/optimiser-pertinencecesarienne-programmee-a-terme-2012-for mat2clics+oms%2Bcesarienne&hl=it&gl=fr &pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESg8fvtr-4BOP3DzpYdeRub4PXnXLzCezcA0YaU-ehDhKQWcZS3W1ADGmtYutwO4K6OImaXa0iS4q0rB1QBTRT9aRpO37FHcDh6OFdQ1yi44e9OpQkt0xJXpn_vrioWvIX8yZsv&sig= AHIEtbSvZVuxgOvyxjclx5hj1ruuAnsmLw http://apps.who.int/rhl/pregnancy_childbirth/childbirth/breech/rlcom/fr/index. html http://apps.who.int/rhl/pregnancy_childbirth/childbirth/caesarean/aabguide2/fr/ index.html http://www.afro.who.int/fr/togo/press-materials/item/4568-le-togo-%C3%A9valuela-mise-en-oeuvre-de-son-programme-desubvention-de-la-c%C3%A9sarienne.html http://apps.who.int/rhl/pregnancy_childbirth/childbirth/caesarean/cd004350/fr/ index.html http://apps.who.int/rhl/pregnancy_childbirth/childbirth/caesarean/cd000933/fr/ index.html http://apps.who.int/rhl/pregnancy_childbirth/childbirth/breech/cd000166/fr/ index.html http://forum.aufeminin.com/forum/ f673/__f329_f673-Comment-negocier-unevb-ap-une-cesarienne.html http://forum.aufeminin.com/forum/ grosaccouchement/__f10332_grosac72 •
couchement--ma-gygy-veut-me-faire-unecesarienne-programmee-cry-cry-cry.html http://forum.doctissimo.fr/grossessebebe/cesarienne/refuser-cesarienne-programmesujet_4832_1.htm http://forum.aufeminin.com/forum/ grosaccouchement/__f2929_grosaccouchement-Cesarienne-programmee.html http://forum.aufeminin.com/forum/ f673/__f20_f673-Allaitement-interdit-encas-de-cesarienne.html http://www.babyfrance.com/actus-bebe/ cesariennes-en-hausse.html http://www.gentside.com/insolite/larentree-scolaire-provoque-une-hausse-descesariennes-en-chine_art27087.html http://apps.who.int/rhl/pregnancy_childbirth/childbirth/caesarean/aabcom2/fr/ index.html http://www.who.int/bulletin/ volumes/90/1/11-090399-ab/fr/index.html http://www.who.int/bulletin/ volumes/85/10/06-035808-ab/fr/index. html http://forums.france5.fr/lesmaternelles/ Accouchement/cesarienne-naissancesujet_740_1.htm http://forum.magicmaman.com/lanouvelleaventuredelagrossesse/future-mamanjanvier/cesarienne-sujet-323-1.htm http://www.libertasoccidentalis. org/?p=74917 http://www.em-consulte.com/article/84866/article/l-elevation-du-taux-decesariennes%C2%A0-un-progres-nec http://forum.aufeminin.com/forum/ mamans11/__f13536_mamans11-Verdictcesarienne-a-14h30-triste.html
The perceived image of C.S.
05.5 Spreanding of W.H.O guidelines Introduction. After the comparison of the two list of URLs, in order to visualize how the users deal with the spreading of news about c.s. information, the Gephi visualization of the network enlights the URLs which talk about W.H.O.
Through this visualization, it is showed the areas of the network where the users can get in touch with the W.H.O. guidelines. It gives an idea of the spreading of the awareness og c.s. in the web and among web users.
18 • W.H.O. AND ITALIAN NETWORK The common URLs are: nostrofiglio.it donnamoderna.com quimamme.leiweb.ir it.wikipedia.org partecipasalute.it
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The perceived image of C.S.
19 • WIKIPEDIA Wikipedia is the most relevant cluster enlighted by the W.H.O. The Wiki site is maneged by an association of private citizens, so it does not represent the institutional voice.
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20 • OTHER SITES Even if few, the sites nostrofiglio.it, donnamoderna. com, quimamme.leiweb.ir and partecipasalute.it have quite enough connection to enlight a big area of the network.
The perceived image of C.S.
Introduction. Even if in Italy is observed a lack of institutional information, in France the situation appears worst.
21• W.H.O. AND FRENCH NETWORK The common sites are: fr.wikipedia.org sante.medecin.commentcamarche.nt doctissimo.fr cesarienne.net
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22 • WIKIPEDIA
76 •
23 • SANTEMEDECIN This website has a marginal position that border a small cluster.
24 • DOCTISSIMO It represents one of the most important media in the women panorama.
The perceived image of C.S.
05.6 Conclusions. Concluding the analysis, it is easily noticeable that the complexity of actors relations is not able to solve this kind of controversy. Often it is not unexpected that cesarean topics open the debate among members of the same professional categories. That is why the project of this research is to investigate many aspects of the same controversy in order to create a complete overview on this phenomena.
On one hand, the analysis of the french network remarks a lower interest in which concern institutional presence and W.H.O. guidelines. On the other hand, the analysis of the italian network shows a significant situation: Institutions, as actors, are central nucleus of interconnections and, on the contrary, have no power to vehiculate enough information about W.H.O guidelines.
Anyway, as appears in this final chapter, one of the most clear problem is the difficulty of communication between W.H.O and web users. The research lead to final considerations related to country and institution.
At the end of the research, emerges that the visual aspects of c.s. delivery are such important in mother final choice, maybe because the controversy is superficially handled on the web.
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06. Future develops
Due to the complexity of the controversy, even if the research has been as more exaustive as it could be, exist others lines of analysis. The research underlined that W.H.O. documentation is mostly expressed via papers and p.d.f files, so it could be useful to take into consideration this material in the analysis to understand how users can arise their awareness about the controversy and to comprehend how this new awareness can influence the perceived image of C.S.
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