°“√æ—≤π“‡∑§π‘§‡æ◊ËÕª√–¬ÿ°µå„™â detector tube „π°“√§âπÀ“∫√‘‡«≥ ∑’Ë¡’°“√ªπ‡ªóôÕπ¢ÕßπÈ”„µâ¥‘π‚¥¬ “√Õ‘π∑√’¬å√–‡À¬ Application of Detector Tube to Detect Area Having Groundwater Contaminated by Volatile Organic Compounds 𓬠’Àπ“∂ ™“≠≥√ߧå* π“¬¡’»—°¥‘Ï ¡‘≈‘π∑«‘ ¡—¬*
™ÿ¥µ√«®«—¥ “√Õ‘π∑√’¬å√–‡À¬„µâ¥‘π‚¥¬„™â Detector tube
∫∑§—¥¬àÕ ß“π»÷ ° …“«‘ ®— ¬ π’È ‰¥â ∑”°“√ª√–¬ÿ ° µå „ ™â detector tube ∑’ËÕÕ°·∫∫ ”À√—∫«—¥ª√‘¡“≥ “√ Õ‘π∑√’¬å√–‡À¬„πÕ“°“»¡“„™â „π°“√µ√«® Õ∫·≈–«—¥ ª√‘¡“≥ “√Õ‘π∑√’¬å√–‡À¬∑’Ë·∑√°´÷¡Õ¬Ÿà „π¥‘π ‚¥¬ °“√æ—≤π“√–∫∫°“√‡°Á∫µ—«Õ¬à“߉բÕß “√Õ‘π∑√’¬å √–‡À¬„π¥‘π∑’Ë√–¥—∫≈÷° 1 ‡¡µ√ À≈—ß®“°π”Õÿª°√≥å ∑’Ë æ— ≤ π“¢÷È π ‰ª„™â µ √«® Õ∫‚√ßß“π∑’Ë „ ™â “√ TCE ®”π«π 3 ‚√ßß“π æ∫«à“ “¡“√∂µ√«® Õ∫À“∫√‘‡«≥ ∑’Ë¡’°“√ªπ‡ªóôÕπ “√ TCE „π¥‘π‰¥âÕ¬à“ß∂Ÿ°µâÕß °“√µ√«®«—¥ “√Õ‘π∑√’¬å√–‡À¬
*»Ÿπ¬å«‘®—¬·≈–Ωñ°Õ∫√¡¥â“π ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡ °√¡ à߇ √‘¡§ÿ≥¿“æ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡ ‡∑§‚π∏“π’ µ.§≈ÕßÀâ“ Õ.§≈ÕßÀ≈«ß ®.ª∑ÿ¡∏“π’ 12120 ‚∑√. 0-2577-1136 ‚∑√ “√. 0-2577-1138 Environmental Research and Training Center, Department of Environmental Quality Promotion. Technopolis. Klong 5 Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120 e-mail: Mesak@deqp.go.th
ABSTRACT The research was conducted for applying detector tubes which originally designed for detecting volatile organic compounds in air, to detect and measure vapor of volatile organic compounds in soil. The detectors were modified to be able to trap the vapor in soil 1 m. depth. By testing the system in 3 factories using TCE, it was found that it can locate TCE contaminated locations correctly.
1. §”π” “√Õ‘π∑√’¬å√–‡À¬∑’Ëπ”¡“„™â „πÕÿµ “À°√√¡ À“°‰¡à§«∫§ÿ¡°“√„™â·≈–°“√∫”∫—¥„Àâ‡æ’¬ßæÕ·≈– ∂Ÿ°µâÕßÕ“®°àÕ„À⇰‘¥ªí≠À“°“√ªπ‡ªóôÕπ¥‘π·≈–πÈ” „µâ¥‘π‰¥â ‚¥¬‡©æ“– “√Õ‘π∑√’¬å√–‡À¬™π‘¥∑’Ë¡’§≈Õ√’𠇪ìπÕߧåª√–°Õ∫ ‡™àπ trichloroethylene (TCE), tetrachloroethylene (PCE) ‰¥â¡’°“√π” “√¥—ß°≈à“« ¡“„™â „πÕÿµ “À°√√¡¡“°·≈–‡æ‘Ë¡ª√‘¡“≥¢÷Èπ‡√◊ËÕ¬Ê “√‡À≈à“π’È®–π”¡“„™â‡ªìπ “√≈–≈“¬„π°“√™–≈â“ß ‰¢¡—π∑’µË ¥‘ ·≈–‡ªóÕô πº≈‘µ¿—≥±å∑‡’Ë ªìπ‚≈À– πÕ°®“°π—πÈ ¬—ßπ”¡“„™â „π°‘®°“√´—°·Àâß °“√∑’Ëπ” “√‡À≈à“π’ȇ¢â“ ¡“„™â¡“°·≈– ≈–‡≈¬°“√∫”∫—¥Õ¬à“ß∂Ÿ°µâÕß ∑”„Àâ “√¥— ß °≈à “ « ªπ‡ªóô Õ π¥‘ π ·≈–πÈ” „µâ ¥‘ π „πÀ≈“¬ ª√–‡∑»∑’Ëæ—≤π“·≈â« ‡™àπ À√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“, ≠’˪ÿÉπ·≈– ª√–‡∑»Õ◊ËπÊ πÕ°®“°π—Èπ “√Õ‘π∑√’¬å√–‡À¬‡À≈à“π’È ‚¥¬‡©æ“–∑’Ë¡’§≈Õ√’π‡ªìπÕߧåª√–°Õ∫¬—߇ªìπ “√∑’Ë °àÕ¡–‡√Áß À“°¡’°“√ªπ‡ªóôÕπ„ππÈ”¥◊Ë¡(1) ‚¥¬‡©æ“– „ππÈ”„µâ¥‘π ¥—ßπ—Èπ°“√µ√«® Õ∫§âπÀ“∫√‘‡«≥∑’Ë¡’°“√ ªπ‡ªóôÕπµâÕß∑”Õ¬à“ß√«¥‡√Á«‡æ◊ËÕ𔉪 Ÿà°“√·°â ‰¢∑’Ë ∑—π°“√ ‡æ√“–À“°ª≈àÕ¬„Àâ°“√ªπ‡ªóôÕπ§ßÕ¬Ÿà‡ªì𠇫≈“π“π·≈â « ¢Õ∫‡¢µ·≈–§«“¡√ÿ π ·√ߢÕß°“√ ªπ‡ªóôÕπ®–‡æ‘Ë¡¡“°¢÷Èπ ‡æ√“– “√‡À≈à“π’È®–‡§≈◊ËÕπ∑’Ë ·≈–¢¬“¬‰ªµ“¡°“√‡§≈◊ÕË π∑’¢Ë Õß°“√‰À≈¢ÕßπÈ”„µâ¥π‘ ·≈–°“√øóôπøŸπÈ”„µâ¥‘π∑’Ë®–µ“¡¡“°Á®–„™â‡«≈“¡“°¢÷Èπ
Õ“®®–‡ªìππ“ππ—∫‡ªìπ ‘∫ªïÀ√◊Õ√âÕ¬ªï·≈–πÕ°®“° π—Èπ§à“„™â®à“¬∑’Ë®–„™â „π°“√·°â ‰¢°Á®– Ÿß¥â«¬(2) °“√æ—≤π“‡∑§π‘§„π°“√µ√«® Õ∫∑’Ë√«¥‡√Á« ·≈–‰¡à ‡ ’ ¬ §à “ „™â ®à “ ¬¡“°π— ° ‡ªì π ‘Ë ß ∑’Ë æ÷ ß ª√– ß§å ¥—ßπ—Èπß“π«‘®—¬π’È®÷ß¡’‡ªÑ“À¡“¬„π°“√æ—≤π“‡∑§π‘§ °“√µ√«® Õ∫°“√ªπ‡ªóô Õ π¢Õߥ‘ π ·≈–πÈ” „µâ ¥‘ π ‚¥¬°“√‡°Á∫Õ“°“»„π¥‘π‚¥¬„™âÕÿª°√≥å∑’ˇÀ¡“– ¡ ‡æ◊Ë Õ µ√«® Õ∫™π‘ ¥ ·≈–ª√‘ ¡ “≥¢Õß “√Õ‘ π ∑√’ ¬å √–‡À¬„π¥‘π ·µà‡π◊ËÕß®“°‰¡à¡’°“√º≈‘µÕÿª°√≥å‡æ◊ËÕ µ√«® Õ∫‰Õ “√„π¥‘π‚¥¬µ√ß ß“π«‘®—¬π’È®÷߉¥â»÷°…“ ‚¥¬„™âÀ≈Õ¥µ√«® Õ∫ “√Õ‘π∑√’¬å√–‡À¬„πÕ“°“» ´÷Ë ß ¡’ √ “§“∂Ÿ ° ·≈–Õà “ πº≈°“√«‘ ‡ §√“–Àå ‰ ¥â ∑— π ∑’ ¡ “ ª√–¬ÿ ° µå „ ™â ´÷Ë ß Õÿ ª °√≥å ∑’Ë π”¡“„™â ‡ æ◊Ë Õ µ√«® Õ∫ ‰Õ¢Õß “√Õ‘ π ∑√’ ¬å √ –‡À¬∑’Ë Õà “ πº≈‰¥â ßà “ ¬‰¥â · °à detector tube
°“√µ√«® Õ∫°ä “ ´„𥑠𠂥¬„™â detector tube detector tube ‡ªì π Õÿ ª °√≥å ∑’Ë „ ™â µ √«® «— ¥ ª√‘ ¡ “≥¢Õß “√∑’Ë Õ ¬Ÿà „ π√Ÿ ª ¢Õ߉ÕÀ√◊ Õ °ä “ ´‚¥¬ „™âÀ≈—°°“√„Àâ ‰ÕÀ√◊Õ°ä“´‰À≈ºà“π‡¢â“‰ª„πÀ≈Õ¥´÷Ëß ∫√√®ÿ “√‡§¡’∑’Ë “¡“√∂∑”ªØ‘°√‘¬“°—∫ “√∑’˵âÕß°“√ µ√«®«—¥À“ª√‘¡“≥·≈â«∑”„À⇰‘¥°“√‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ß ’ ®π “¡“√∂¡Õ߇ÀÁ𧫓¡·µ°µà“ߢÕß ’∑’ˇ°‘¥¢÷Èπ«à“ ·µ°µà“ß°—∫ ’‡¥‘¡¢Õß “√∑’ˬ—߉¡à ‰¥â∑”ªØ‘°√‘¬“ ·≈– à«π„À≠৫“¡¬“«¢Õß·∂∫ ’∑’ˇ°‘¥¢÷Èπ®–·ª√º—π°—∫ §«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπ¢Õß “√∑’˵âÕß°“√µ√«® Õ∫ ≈—°…≥–¢Õß detector tube ¥—ß· ¥ß‰¥â¥—ß√Ÿª∑’Ë 1 °“√ÕÕ°·∫∫ detector tube π—È π ®– ÕÕ°·∫∫‚¥¬∫√√®ÿ “√‡§¡’∑’Ë “¡“√∂∑”ªØ‘°√‘¬“°—∫ “√∑’˵âÕß°“√µ√«®·µà≈–™π‘¥ ‡™àπ detector tube ∑’ËÕÕ°·∫∫„π°“√µ√«® Õ∫ “√ TCE ·≈– PCE ®– „™âªØ‘°√‘ ¬‘ “¥—ßπ’È CCl2=CCl2 + PdO2 + H2SO4 ---------> HCl HCl + 4-phenylazo-diphenylamine indicator --------> blue compounds
√Ÿª∑’Ë 1 · ¥ß≈—°…≥–¢Õß detector tube ¢-34
»Ÿπ¬å«‘®—¬·≈–Ωñ°Õ∫√¡¥â“π ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡ °√¡ à߇ √‘¡§ÿ≥¿“æ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡
‚¥¬∑—Ë«‰ª®–„™â detector tube °—∫°“√µ√«® Õ∫™π‘¥·≈–ª√‘¡“≥¢Õß “√∑’˪π‡ªóôÕπ„πÕ“°“» ·µà „π°“√«‘®—¬π’È ‰¥âª√–¬ÿ°µå„™â detector tube ¡“„™â µ√«® Õ∫§«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπ‰Õ¢Õß “√„π¥‘π (soil gas) ‡æ◊ÕË µ√«® Õ∫·≈–§âπÀ“∫√‘‡«≥∑’Ë¡’°“√ªπ‡ªóôÕπ¢Õß “√ TCE ·≈– PCE „π¥‘π ‡æ√“–°“√π” detector tube ¡“„™â¡’¢âÕ¥’À≈“¬ª√–°“√‡™àπ «‘‡§√“–Àåº≈‰¥â√«¥‡√Á« √“§“∂Ÿ°‡æ√“–‰¡àµâÕß°“√„™â‡§√◊ËÕß«‘‡§√“–Àå∑’Ë´—∫´âÕπ ·≈–¡’ √ “§“·æß ·≈– “¡“√∂∑”°“√µ√«® Õ∫‰¥â À≈“¬®ÿ¥„π‡«≈“ —Èπ Õ¬à“߉√°Áµ“¡«‘∏’°“√„™â detector tube °Á¡’¢âÕ®”°—¥„π°“√„™â∫“ߪ√–°“√ ‡™àπ µâÕß„™â °—∫∫√‘‡«≥∑’Ë¡’°“√ªπ‡ªóôÕπ¢Õß “√ TCE ·≈– PCE §àÕπ¢â“ß Ÿß ®÷ß®–„™â ‰¥â¥’
2. «— ¥ÿÕÿª°√≥å·≈–«‘∏’°“√ 1. detector tube ∑’Ë “¡“√∂µ√«® Õ∫ “√ TCE ·≈– PCE ∑’˺≈‘µ‚¥¬∫√‘…—∑ Gastec 2. Õÿ ª °√≥å „ π°“√‡°Á ∫ µ— « Õ¬à “ ß„π¥‘ π ≈÷ ° 1 ‡¡µ√ ¥—ß· ¥ß„π√Ÿª∑’Ë 2
«à“®–¡’°“√ ªπ‡ªóôÕπ “√ TCE ‚¥¬°“√‡®“–≈߉ª „µâæ◊Èπº‘«¥‘π≈÷° 1 ‡¡µ√ ·≈–‡°Á∫µ—«Õ¬à“ß soil gas ‚¥¬„™â portable photoionization detector (PID) ·≈– detector tube „π°“√µ√«® Õ∫ °“√µ√«® Õ∫π’È °√–∑”‡ªìπ grid √–¬–Àà“ß√–À«à“ß grid 10 ‡¡µ√ „π°√≥’∑’Ëæ∫°“√ªπ‡ªóôÕπ®–≈¥√–¬–√–À«à“ß grid ≈ß¡“‡À≈◊Õ 5 ‡¡µ√ ·≈–‡π◊ËÕß®“°√–∫∫ detector tube ∑’Ë𔉪„™â “¡“√∂«—¥ TCE „πÕ“°“»„π¥‘π ‰¥â Ÿ ß ÿ ¥ ‰¥â ‰¡à‡°‘π 250 ppm ¥—ßπ—Èπ„π°√≥’∑’Ë§à“ soil gas ∑’ËÕà“π‰¥â‡°‘π√–¥—∫¥—ß°≈à“«®–∑”°“√‡°Á∫ µ—«Õ¬à“ßÕ“°“»„π¥‘π‚¥¬„™â«‘∏’Õ◊Ë𠇙àπ ‡°Á∫‰Õ‚¥¬ „™â sampling tube ¢π“¥§«“¡®ÿ 1 ≈‘µ√ ·≈â«π” ‰Õπ’È ‰ª«‘ ‡ §√“–Àå À “ª√‘ ¡ “≥¢Õß TCE ‚¥¬‡§√◊Ë Õ ß portable gas chromatograph À≈—ß®“°‡°Á∫µ—«Õ¬à“ß soil gas „π·µà≈– ‚√ßß“πÀ≈“¬®ÿ¥·≈–«‘‡§√“–ÀåÀ“ª√‘¡“≥ TCE „π soil gas ¢Õß·µà≈–®ÿ¥·≈â« π”§à“∑’Ë ‰¥â¡“«‘‡§√“–Àå °“√°√–®“¬¢Õß “√ TCE „π∫√‘‡«≥‚√ßß“π·∫∫ 2 ¡‘µ‘ ‚¥¬„™âÀ≈—° ∂‘µ‘∑”𓬧«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπ¢Õß “√ ¢Õß®ÿ¥∑’Ë ‰¡à ‰¥â∑”°“√µ√«®«—¥·∫∫ Krigging
3. º≈°“√∑¥≈Õß·≈–°“√«‘®“√≥å
√Ÿª∑’Ë 2 · ¥ßÕÿª°√≥å∑’Ë„™â‡°Á∫Õ“°“»„π¥‘π
°“√∑¥ Õ∫√–∫∫ detector tube „π π“¡ „π°“√∑¥ Õ∫§√—È ß π’È ‰¥â ‡ ≈◊ Õ °‚√ßß“π∑’Ë ® – ∑”°“√µ√«® Õ∫ 3 ‚√ßß“π §◊Õ ‚√ßß“π A ‚√ßß“π B ·≈–‚√ßß“π C °“√ ”√«®‡√‘Ë¡µâπ‚¥¬√à«¡¡◊Õ°—∫ ‚√ßß“π·µà≈–‚√ß ”√«®√–∫∫°“√º≈‘µ °“√‡°Á∫·≈– °“√∂à“¬‡∑¢Õß “√Õ‘π∑√’¬å√–‡À¬‰¥â´÷Ë߉¥â·°à “√ TCE ·≈â«∑”°“√‡°Á∫µ—«Õ¬à“ß soil gas „π∫√‘‡«≥∑’Ë ß —¬ »Ÿπ¬å«‘®—¬·≈–Ωñ°Õ∫√¡¥â“π ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡ °√¡ à߇ √‘¡§ÿ≥¿“æ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡
®“°°“√µ√«® Õ∫¿“¬„π∫√‘ ‡ «≥‚√ßß“π 3 ·Ààß §◊Õ ‚√ßß“π A ´÷ßË º≈‘µ “¬π“Ãî°“‚≈À– ‚√ßß“π B ´÷Ëߺ≈‘µ·ºàπ‡´√“¡‘§∑’Ë „ ™â „π°“√∑”Õÿª°√≥åÕ‘‡≈Á§ ‚∑√𑧠·≈–‚√ßß“π C ´÷Ëߺ≈‘µ‡§√◊ËÕߪ√–¥—∫ æ∫°“√ ªπ‡ªóôÕπ¢Õß “√ TCE ¿“¬„π∫√‘‡«≥‚√ßß“π¥—ßπ’È ‚√ßß“π A æ∫°“√ªπ‡ªóôÕπ “√ TCE 3 ·Ààß ‚¥¬ “¡“√∂· ¥ß®ÿ ¥ ∑’Ë °à Õ „Àâ ‡ °‘ ¥ °“√ªπ‡ªóô Õ π æ◊È π ¥‘ π ‰¥â ¥— ß · ¥ß„π√Ÿ ª ∑’Ë 3 ´÷Ë ß ∫√‘ ‡ «≥∑’Ë ¡’ ° “√ ªπ‡ªóô Õ π∑—È ß 3 ·Àà ß π’È ∫√‘ ‡ «≥∑’Ë 1 ‡°‘ ¥ ®“°°“√ √—Ë « ‰À≈¢Õß “√ TCE ÕÕ°®“°∂— ß „π‚√߇°Á ∫ “√ ‡§¡’ ‚¥¬¡’§«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπ¢Õß soil gas ∑’Ë®ÿ¥»Ÿπ¬å°≈“ß ¢Õß∫√‘‡«≥ªπ‡ªóôÕπ¡“°°«à“ 250 ppm ∫√‘‡«≥∑’Ë 2 ‡°‘ ¥ ®“°°“√∑’Ë § πß“ππ”¢Õ߇ ’ ¬ ®“°°“√º≈‘ µ ‰ªΩí ß °≈∫„𥑠𠂥¬¡’ § «“¡‡¢â ¡ ¢â π ¢Õß soil gas ∑’Ë ®ÿ¥»Ÿπ¬å°≈“ߢÕß∫√‘‡«≥ªπ‡ªóôÕπ¡“°°«à“ 250 ppm à«π∫√‘‡«≥∑’Ë 3 ‡°‘¥®“°°“√√—Ë«‰À≈¢Õß TCE ÕÕ° ®“°∂—ß≈â“ߺ≈‘µ¿—≥±å ´÷Ëß°”≈—ß„™âÕ¬Ÿà „πªí®®ÿ∫—π ‚¥¬ ¡’§«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπ¢Õß soil gas ∑’Ë®ÿ¥»Ÿπ¬å°≈“ߢÕß ∫√‘‡«≥ªπ‡ªóôÕπ¡“°°«à“ 250 ppm ‚√ßß“π B æ∫°“√ªπ‡ªóôÕπ “√ TCE 3 ·Ààß ‚¥¬ “¡“√∂· ¥ß®ÿ ¥ ∑’Ë °à Õ „Àâ ‡ °‘ ¥ °“√ªπ‡ªóô Õ π æ◊È π ¥‘ π ‰¥â ¥— ß · ¥ß„π√Ÿ ª ∑’Ë 4 ´÷Ë ß ∫√‘ ‡ «≥∑’Ë ¡’ ° “√ ¢-35
√Ÿª∑’Ë 3 ·ºπ∑’Ë soil gas · ¥ß∫√‘‡«≥∑’Ë¡’°“√ªπ‡ªóôÕπ¢Õß “√ TCE „π™—Èπ„µâ¥‘π¢Õß‚√ßß“π A
√Ÿª∑’Ë 4 ·ºπ∑’Ë soil gas · ¥ß∫√‘‡«≥∑’Ë¡’°“√ªπ‡ªóôÕπ¢Õß “√ TCE „π™—Èπ„µâ¥‘π¢Õß‚√ßß“π B ªπ‡ªóôÕπ∑—Èß 3 ·Ààßπ’È ∫√‘‡«≥∑’Ë 1 ‡ªìπ∫√‘‡«≥∑’ËÕ¬Ÿàµ‘¥ °—∫‚√߇°Á∫ “√‡§¡’·≈–∫√‘‡«≥∑’Ëæ∫π’ȇ°‘¥®“°°“√∂à“¬ “√‡§¡’ÕÕ°®“°∂—ß·≈– Ÿ∫‡¢â“‰ª„π‚√ßß“π ‚¥¬«—¥§à“ soil gas ∑’Ë¢â“ßÕ“§“√‡°Á∫ “√‡§¡’‰¥â§«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπ¢Õß TCE 300 ppm («‘‡§√“–Àå‚¥¬„™â detector tube ¢Õß ‚√ßß“π´÷ßË Õà“π§à“ TCE Ÿß ÿ¥‰¥â∂ß÷ 500 ppm) ∫√‘‡«≥ ∑’Ë 2 ·≈– 3 ‡ªìπæ◊Èπ∑’Ë π“¡À≠â“«à“߇ª≈à“ ·µàæ∫°“√ ªπ‡ªóôÕπ “√ TCE „π√–¥—∫ Ÿß ‚¥¬¡’§«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπ¢Õß soil gas ∑’Ë∫√‘‡«≥»Ÿπ¬å°≈“ߢÕß°“√ªπ‡ªóôÕπ 1855 ppm ·≈– 1300 ppm µ“¡≈”¥—∫ («‘‡§√“–Àå‚¥¬°“√ ¢-36
‡°Á∫µ—«Õ¬à“ß‚¥¬„™â sampling tube ·≈–𔉪©’¥‡¢â“ GC) ‚¥¬‚√ßß“π B ‰¥â·®âß«à“°“√ªπ‡ªóôÕπ„π∫√‘‡«≥∑’Ë 1 Õ“®‡°‘¥®“°§«“¡º‘¥æ≈“¥„π°“√∂à“¬ “√‡§¡’ÕÕ° ®“°∂—ߢÕߧπß“π à«π∫√‘‡«≥∑’Ë 2 ·≈– ∑’Ë 3 π—πÈ ‚√ßß“π ‡§¬„™â‡ªìπ∑’«Ë “ߢÕ߇ ’¬∑’‡Ë ªìπ “√‡§¡’¡“‡ªìπ‡«≈“ 10 ªï „πªí®®ÿ∫—ππ’È ‰¡à ‰¥â „™â‡ªìπ∑’Ë«“ß∂—ߢÕ߇ ’¬Õ’°µàÕ‰ª·≈– ¢Õ߇ ’¬∫√‘‡«≥¥—ß°≈à“«Õ“®¡’ª√‘¡“≥πâÕ¬ Õ¬à“߉√°Áµ“¡ ‚√ßß“π B π’È ¡’°“√„™â “√ TCE „πÕ—µ√“∑’Ë Ÿß¡“° §◊Õ ª√–¡“≥ 5 µ—πµàÕ‡¥◊Õπ πÕ°®“°π—Èπ ¬—ß„™â “√‡§¡’ µ—«Õ◊ËπÊ Õ’° ‡™àπ toluene »Ÿπ¬å«‘®—¬·≈–Ωñ°Õ∫√¡¥â“π ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡ °√¡ à߇ √‘¡§ÿ≥¿“æ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡
√Ÿª∑’Ë 5 ·ºπ∑’Ë soil gas · ¥ß∫√‘‡«≥∑’Ë¡’°“√ªπ‡ªóôÕπ¢Õß “√ TCE „π™—Èπ„µâ¥‘π¢Õß‚√ßß“π C ‚√ßß“π C æ∫°“√ªπ‡ªóôÕπ “√ TCE 2 ·Ààß ‚¥¬ “¡“√∂· ¥ß®ÿ¥∑’Ë°àÕ„À⇰‘¥°“√ªπ‡ªóôÕπæ◊È𠥑 π ‰¥â ¥— ß · ¥ß„π√Ÿ ª ∑’Ë 5 ´÷Ë ß ∫√‘ ‡ «≥∑’Ë ¡’ ° “√ ªπ‡ªóô Õ π∑—È ß 3 ·Àà ß π’È ∫√‘ ‡ «≥∑’Ë 1 ‡ªì π ∫√‘ ‡ «≥ ∑’Ë ‡ °Á ∫ ∂— ß ¢Õß “√‡§¡’ ∑‘È ß ·≈â « ¢Õß‚√ßß“π´÷Ë ß «“ß Õ¬Ÿà ∫ πæ◊È π §Õπ°√’ µ ®“°°“√‡®“–§Õπ°√’ µ ·≈– ‡°Á ∫ µ— « Õ¬à “ ß soil gas æ∫«à “ µ√ß®ÿ ¥ »Ÿ π ¬å ° ≈“ß ¢Õß∫√‘ ‡ «≥ªπ‡ªóôÕ π¡’ ª √‘ ¡“≥¢Õß TCE „π soil gas 403 ppm («‘‡§√“–Àå‚¥¬°“√‡°Á∫µ—«Õ¬à“ß‚¥¬ „™â sampling tube ·≈–𔉪©’¥‡¢â“ GC) ·≈–°“√ °√–®“¬¢Õß “√‡§¡’ªπ‡ªóôÕπ∫√‘‡«≥π’È “¡“√∂·æ√à ¢¬“¬ÕÕ°¡“πÕ°√—È«¢Õß‚√ßß“π·≈–≈Õ¥„µâ∂ππÕÕ° ¡“Õ’ ° ø“°Àπ÷Ë ß ¢Õß∂ππ∑’Ë Õ ¬Ÿà ¿ “¬πÕ°‚√ßß“π ´÷Ë ß ‚√ßß“π‰¥â·®âß«à“∫√‘‡«≥π’ȇ§¬«“ß∂—ß„ à “√‡§¡’´÷Ëߺÿ´÷Ëß Õ“®∑”„Àâ TCE ‰À≈´÷¡≈ßæ◊πÈ §Õπ°√’µ√“« 900 °‘‚≈°√—¡ à«π∫√‘‡«≥∑’Ë 2 ´÷ßË Õ¬Ÿ√à ¡‘ ‚√ßß“π¥â“π∑’µË ¥‘ °—∫ÀâÕߵ⡠“√ TCE ‡æ◊ËÕ„™âøÕ°≈â“ߺ≈‘µ¿—≥±å ´÷Ëßªí®®ÿ∫—π°Á „™âß“π ‡§√◊ÕË ßµâ¡ “√ TCE ∑’ÕË ¬Ÿà„πÕ—µ√“‡¥◊Õπ≈– 300 °‘‚≈°√—¡ ‚¥¬‰¥â∑”°“√‡®“–‡°Á∫µ—«Õ¬à“ß soil gas ‡æ’¬ß 1 ®ÿ¥ æ∫«à“§«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπ¢Õß TCE „π soil gas Ÿß°«à“ 250 ppm ∫√‘‡«≥¥—ß°≈à“«‡ªìπ∫√‘‡«≥∑’Ë·§∫¡“° À“°®– µâÕß∑”°“√µ√«® Õ∫Õ¬à“ß≈–‡Õ’¬¥µàÕ‰ª ‡æ◊ËÕµ√«® Õ∫√Ÿª√à“ß·≈–≈—°…≥–¢Õß°“√ªπ‡ªóôÕ𮔇ªìπ®– µâÕ߇¢â“‰ªµ√«® Õ∫„πæ◊Èπ∑’Ë¢ÕßÕ’°‚√ßß“πÀπ÷Ëß´÷ËßÕ¬Ÿà ¢â“߇§’¬ß »Ÿπ¬å«‘®—¬·≈–Ωñ°Õ∫√¡¥â“π ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡ °√¡ à߇ √‘¡§ÿ≥¿“æ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡
4. √ÿª ®“°º≈°“√∑¥ Õ∫°“√„™â ‡ §√◊Ë Õ ß¡◊ Õ ∑’Ë º≈‘µ¢÷Èπ„π π“¡ æ∫«à“‡§√◊ËÕß¡◊Õ¥—ß°≈à“« “¡“√∂„™â µ√«®À“∫√‘‡«≥∑’Ë¡’°“√ªπ‡ªóôÕπ “√Õ‘π∑√’¬å√–‡À¬∑’Ë ªπ‡ªóôÕπ„π¥‘πÀ√◊ÕπÈ”„µâ¥‘π‰¥â¥’ ·µà§«√√–¡—¥√–«—ß “√Õ◊Ëπ„πÕ“°“»„π¥‘π∑’ËÕ“®∑”ªØ‘°‘√‘¬“°—∫ detector tube ‰¥â πÕ°®“° “√∑’˵âÕß°“√µ√«® Õ∫ ·≈–„π °“√„™âß“πµâÕ߇≈◊Õ°™π‘¥¢Õß detector tube ∑’Ë ‡À¡“– ¡°—∫ “√∑’˵âÕß°“√µ√«® Õ∫®÷ß®–„Àâº≈°“√ µ√«® Õ∫∑’Ë¥’ ª°µ‘ detector tube ∑’Ëπ”¡“„™âπ’È ®–∂Ÿ°ÕÕ°·∫∫‡æ◊ËÕ„Àâ „™âµ√«® Õ∫À“ª√‘¡“≥¢Õß “√ Õ‘π∑√’¬å√–‡À¬∑’˪π‡ªóôÕπ„πÕ“°“»‡∑à“π—Èπ ·µà „πß“π «‘ ®— ¬ §√—È ß π’È ‰¥â ¥— ¥ ·ª≈ß·≈–ª√–¬ÿ ° µå √ –∫∫°“√‡°Á ∫ µ— « Õ¬à “ ß°ä “ ´‡æ◊Ë Õ „Àâ “¡“√∂π” detector tube ¡“„™â „ π°“√µ√«® Õ∫·≈–§â π À“∫√‘ ‡ «≥∑’Ë ¡’ ° “√ ªπ‡ªóô Õ π¢Õß “√Õ‘ π ∑√’ ¬å √ –‡À¬„𥑠π ·≈–πÈ” „µâ ¥‘ π ‰¥â‡ªìπº≈ ”‡√Á® Õ¬à“߉√°Áµ“¡ «‘∏°’ “√µ√«® Õ∫ soil gas ‚¥¬ „™â detector tube π’È ‡ªìπ«‘∏’°“√‚¥¬ÕâÕ¡∑’Ë®–„™â §âπÀ“∫√‘‡«≥∑’Ë¡’°“√ªπ‡ªóôÕπ¥‘πÀ√◊ÕπÈ”„µâ¥‘π‡∑à“π—Èπ ¥—ßπ—Èπ‡¡◊ËÕº≈°“√µ√«® Õ∫· ¥ß«à“ “√Õ‘π∑√’¬å√–‡À¬ ªπ‡ªóô Õ ππÈ” „µâ ¥‘ π ·≈â « °Á § «√∑”°“√‡®“–·≈–‡°Á ∫ µ—«Õ¬à“ߥ‘π¡“«‘‡§√“–ÀåÕ¬à“ß≈–‡Õ’¬¥‡æ◊ËÕ𔉪 Ÿà°“√ «“ß·ºπ·°â ‰¢¥‘πÀ√◊ÕπÈ”„µâ¥‘πªπ‡ªóôÕπ “√Õ‘π∑√’¬å √–‡À¬µàÕ‰ª(3,4) ¢-37
5. ‡Õ° “√Õâ“ßÕ‘ß 1. Donnelly, P.K. , R.S. Hedge and J.S. Fletcher . 1994 . Chemosphere . 28 : 981988 . 2. School , R., B. Bierling , G. Cao , U Dorfler , M. Lahaniati , T. Langenback , T. Scheunert and R. Winkler . Chemosphere . 1994. 28 : 297-303 .
3. Donn , I.M. and H.B. Kerfoot . Soil-gas Surveying Techniques . 1988. Environ . Sci . Technol. 22 (7) : 740-745 . 4. Michale , O.R. 1995 . Soil-gas Signatures from Volatile Chlorinated Solvents : Borden Field Experiments . Ground Water . 33 (1) .
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