‘UPGRADING the UTOPIA’ UTOPIA’ introducing mixture and flexibility of urban fabric within the scope of community-led design, in the context of mass-produced housing suburbia
P5 presentation Justina Stefanovic 2015
content: I. INTRODUCTION II. FAILURE OF THE STATE III. PROJECT SITE AND CONTEXT IV. STRATEGY V. DESIGN PROPOSAL
UPGRADING THE UTOPIA.
introduction
1.INtroduction problem definition
PROJECT TOPIC - problem definition
UPGRADING THE UTOPIA. introduction
‘white’ city centre
UPGRADING THE UTOPIA. introduction
‘immigrant’ suburbs
UPGRADING THE UTOPIA. introduction
‘burning suburbia’ - stockholm riots 2013
UPGRADING THE UTOPIA. introduction
II.WHY? research - failure of the state
IMMIGRATION and population growth
REFUGEES WW II
FROM NEIGHBORING COUNTRIES. 1940’s
LABOR FORCE EUROPE. 1950’s and 60’s
REFUGEES
FROM ALL OVER THE WORLD.1970’s - 80’s
immigration growth
+32% TOTAL POPULATION GROWTH 1940-1975
UPGRADING THE UTOPIA.
research - identifying the failure
ASYLUM SEEKERS EASTERN EUROPE. 1990’s
ASYLUM SEEKERS
MIDDLE EAST, ASIA AND AFRICA. FROM 2003 - now
IMMIGRATION VS. HOUSING DEVELOPMENT
REFUGEES WW II
FROM NEIGHBORING COUNTRIES. 1940’s
LABOR FORCE EUROPE. 1950’s and 60’s
REFUGEES
FROM ALL OVER THE WORLD.1970’s - 80’s
ASYLUM SEEKERS EASTERN EUROPE. 1990’s
ASYLUM SEEKERS
MIDDLE EAST, ASIA AND AFRICA. FROM 2003 - now
housing growth immigration growth
RECORD YEARS ‘MILLION PROGRAMME’ MILLION PROGRAMME housing development
+30% OF TOTAL HOUSING STOCK IN SWEDEN 1965 - 1974
UPGRADING THE UTOPIA.
research - identifying the failure
‘million programme’ - mass-produced housing ‘for all’
UPGGRADING THE UTOPIA.
research - identifying the failure
MODERNIST UTOPIA - inspiration for ‘million programme’ development
UPGRADING THE UTOPIA.
research - identifying the failure
‘MILLION PROGRAMME’ aims
BAD
GOOD
Affordable and diverse housing Spacious green outdoor environments
Cycling oriented
Public transport oriented
Ideal for social contacts
Free from cars
UPGRADING THE UTOPIA.
research - identifying the failure
decline in new housing developments
REFUGEES WW II FROM NEIGHBORING COUNTRIES. 1940’s
LABOR FORCE EUROPE. 1950’s and 60’s
REFUGEES
FROM ALL OVER THE WORLD.1970’s - 80’s
housing growth immigration growth
RECORD YEARS ‘MILLION PROGRAMME’ housing development
UPGRADING THE UTOPIA.
research - identifying the failure
ASYLUM SEEKERS ASYLUM SEEKERS EASTERN EUROPE. 1990’s
MIDDLE EAST, ASIA AND AFRICA. FROM 2003 - now
accommodating new suburbs
ressearch - identifying the failure
reality vs. ‘utopia’
Affordable and diverse housing Spacious green outdoor environments
Cycling oriented
Public transport oriented
Ideal for social contacts
Free from cars
..? UPGRADING THE UTOPIA.
research - identifying the failure
people of higher income are moving to the center
UPGRADING THE UTOPIA.
ressearch - identifying the failure
social segregation FOREIGNERS IN STOCKHOLM 2011 50.0 - % 25.0 - 49.9 % 15.0 - 24.9 % 0.0 - 14.9 %
SOCIAL ASSISTANCE IN STOCKHOLM 2011 10.0 - % 7.0 - 9.9 % 4.0 - 6.9 % 0.0 - 3.9 %
UPGRADING THE UTOPIA.
ressearch - identifying the failure
fastest growing income gap and inequality, causing social unrest
UPGRADING THE UTOPIA.
research - identifying the failure
iii. project site and context evaluating spatial aspects of modern planning:
‘MILLION PROGRAMME’ EXAMPLE
INITIAL SCENERY FOR RIOTS 2013
85,4 % RESIDENTS OF IMMIGRANT BACKGROUND
District of husby
current centre
UPGRADING THE UTOOPIA.
urban design proposal
separated transport flows
main street - bus stop
neighborhood - pedestrian path
centre - pedestrian path
UPGRADING THE UTOPIA.
research - site location and context
type and quality of public space
UPGRADING THE UTOPIA.
research - site location and context
DISTRICT CENTRE
UPGRADING THE UTOPIA.
urban design proposal
connecting routes
UPGRADING THE UTOPIA.
research - site location and context
NEIGHBOURHOOD CENTRE
UPGRADING THE UTOPIA.
urban design proposal
neighborhood ground floors
UPGRADING THE UTOPIA.
research - site location and context
HOUSING BLOCK AND ITS STRUCTURE
SINGLE HOUSES
0
SEMI-DETACHED
0
MULTI-FAMILY BLOCK APPARTMENTS
4896
UPGRADING THE UTOPIA.
research - site location and context
conclusions
monocentric district model
SPATIAL SEGREGATION
UPGRADING THE UTOPIA.
separated functions - work/play and live
DORMITORY NEIGHBORHOODS
research - site location and context
separated transport flows
SOCIAL SEGREGATION
mototype housing typology and block structure
LACK OF SOCIAL INTERACTION AND COMMUNICATION
poor quality of public space
CRIME
vision 2040
‘VISION 2040 - Stockholm for all’: - integration - education - more jobs and enterprise - improved urban environment
UPGRADING THE UTOPIA.
research - identifying the failure
JARVA REGION
.c6:% % *9896) :-7-32 &)'31)7 6)%0-8=
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Kista high-tech park
UPGRADING THE UTOPIA.
research - site location and context
CURRENT RENOVATION PROCESS
UPGRADING THE UTOPIA.
research - site location and context
no relation between proposed plans and local residents
UPGRADING THE UTOPIA.
research - site location and context
rebuilding the same structure as in 70’s, just with a new materials
UPGRADING THE UTOPIA.
research - site location and context
displacement of current residents due to higher rent prices
UPGRADING THE UTOPIA.
research - site location and context
local opinion
“Järvalyftet is a project presented as a major investment in the districts Husby, Akalla Rinkeby, Tensta and Hjulsta from the City of Stockholm. The project extends until at least 2030 and several billion in treasure chest. We megaphone has protested that it is presented as improvements in the areas rather seeks to attract residents with higher incomes and in a way, forcing us who live here to leave.”
UPGRADING THE UTOPIA.
research - site location and context
problem definition
Stockholm has became one of the highest segregated cities within the European context, due to “Million Programme” suburban mass-production housing districts, proposed by the national government in the late 60’s, that currently are being seen as socialy and spatialy deprived areas, accommodating people mostly of immigrant background, and facing such issues as crime and poor quality of urban environment, all together forming a negative identity of ‘concrete ethnic enclaves’. Such urban fabric, inspired by utopia of modernist planning, is incapable of accommodating diversity of people, because it is not able to provide variety of needs, which is contributing to such districts becoming segregated within the city scale context. The quality of such district can not be changed just by rebuilding its housing with new materials. Its spatial planning principles have to be restructured in a different way, in order to improve living conditions,create attractive and qualitative environment for local residents. These changes won’t happen without changing the planning process itself.
UPGRADING THE UTOPIA.
research - identifying the failure
problem m defin nition
Stockh holm has bec came one of the highest segregated cities within the Europ pean context, due to “M Million Pro ogramme” suburrban masss-pro odu uction housing districts, prroposed by th he nattional gov vernment in the latte 60’ss, that currrently arre being seen as socialy y and spatialy depriv ved areass, acco ommodating people e mo ostly y off immig grant background, and fac cing su uch issu ues as crime an nd poor quality of urba an environmen nt, all together forming g a negative id dentity y of ‘c concrete ethnic enclaves’.. Such urb ban fabric, in nspired by utopia of moderniist planning, is inc capab ble of accommodating dive erssity of people, becau use it is not able e to provide variety of needs, which is contributing to such disttrictss becomiing segregated within the citty scalle context. The quality y of such disttrict can no ot be chan nged just by re ebuilding itss hou using with ne ew materials. Its spatial planning g principles hav ve to be e restructured in a diffferen nt way, in order to improve living conditions,create attractive and qualitative environmen nt for local residents. These changes won’t happen without changing the planning process itself.
RESEARCH QUESTION:
How to increase value of modernist districts, reduce segregation and integrate people into design process, through change of the urban fabric and planning process?
iV. strategy PROJECT AIM: To create spatial conditions , that could enable local population to be directly involved into design process – planning, constructing and managing - in order to transform existing static and monotonous urban fabric into dynamic and responsive environment, able to acommodate social mixture, using a guided strategy and form of urban fabric.
theoretical framework - project guidelines PROJECT AIM: To create spatial conditions , that could enable local population to be directly involved into design process – planning, constructing and managing - in order to transform existing static and monotonous urban fabric into dynamic and responsive environment, able to acommodate social mixture, using a guided strategy and form of urban fabric.
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
Consider planning as a collaborative process
Use the existing improve it, upgrade it!
Planning as a changing cycle - flexible design proposal
Introduce flexible mixed-use spaces - for diverse urban quality, to encourage social mixture
Engage civic participation and provoke community-led design
UPGRADING THE UTOPIA.
strategy
DESIGN FRAMEWORK
monocentric district model
separated functions work/play and live
separated transport flows
Introduce flexible mixed-use spaces - for diverse urban quality, to encourage social mixture
policentric urban model
UPGRADING THE UTOPIA.
strategy
mixed-use urban centres
mixed transport flows
mototype housing typology and block structure
public space type and accessibility
Use the existing improve it, upgrade it!
customized and flexible housing
diverse and flexible public space
PROPOSED planninG TOOL - guideplan
CHANGING PLANNING PROCESS
GUIDEPLAN
SPATIAL GUIDELINES FOR DISTRICT RENOVATION
guideplan structure
GUIDEPLAN
DISTRICT RENOVATION STRATEGY fixed street network and policentric urban model
UPGRADING THE UTOPIA.
strategy
flexible infill neighbourhood level
involvement
FLEXIBLE INFILL
neighborhood level public and community spaces
block level shared residential spaces
private space appartments
BASED ON:
design
community involvement implementation
collaboration management
UPGRADING THE UTOPIA.
strategy
V. design proposal upgrading the modern utopia
policentric urban model
Main/district core
Monocentric urban model, concetrating most of the functions in one central area, leaving the rest of the district with no activity, unlively environment and lack of facilities.
UPGRADING THE UTOPIA.
urban design proposal
+
Secondary/neighbourhood centers
introducing secondary/neighbourhood centers to activate the whole district, create more dinamic environment and diversify spatial quality, provide activities not only in the central commercial area of Husby, but aswell within each of the neighbourhoods, with more community oriented facilities.
criteria for choosing secondary center CENTRAL LOCATION
EXISTING ACTIVITIES
UNDEFINED SPACE FOR POTENTIAL NEW ACTIVITY
POOR QUALITY/ VACANT BUILDINGS
CAR ACCESSIBILITY
GREEN SPACE
example: neighborhood 1 UPGRADING THE UTOPIA.
urban design proposal
criteria applied for each neighbourhood
UPGRADING THE UTOPIA.
urban design proposal
district concept - proposed policentric structure:
UPGRADING THE UTOPIA A.
urbban design proposal
proposed street typologies car traffic/cycling
mixed-use streets - pedestrian priority
P
P
cycling/walking
main pedestrian route
UPGRADING THE UTOPIA.
urban design proposal
proposed street network and main connecting routes car traffic/cycling
mixed-use streets - pedestrian priority
cycling/walking
main pedestrian route
car traffic/cycling main pedestrian route cycling/walking mixed-use streets - pedestrian priority recreational routes - cycling/walking
UPGRADING THE UTOPIA.
urban design proposal
flexible infill
strategies & toolbox [mixed-use/flexible/diverse] - programme - public space - housing
UPGRADING THE UTOPIA.
urban design proposal
suggested programme for a neighbourhood centre
TO INCREASE:
PROPOSED PROGRAMME:
- EDUCATION LEVEL - EMPLOYMENT - COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION AND LIVABILITY OF THE DISTRICT
100% COMMUNAL ACTIVITY
ALTERNATIVE EDUCATION
COMMUNITY AND LEISURE ACTIVITIES
UPGRADING THE UTOPIA.
urbann design proposal
common space: suggested programme ALTERNATIVE EDUCATION
TYPE OF EDUCATION:
SKILLS/KNOWLEDGE SHARING
DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION SKILLS
COST SAVING AND ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS
HEALTHY LIFESTYLE
REQUIRED FACILITIES:
- community center
- easy to assemble, prefabricated modules for urban furniture
- temporary structures
UPGRADING THE UTOPIA.
urban design proposal
- open and second-hand market, recycling facilities
- urban garden
- parks and space for outdoor activities
common space: suggested programme COMMUNITY AND LEISURE ACTIVITIES
TYPE OFF ACTIVITY:
COMMUNITY MEETINGS, DISCUSSING AND GENERATING IDEAS
COMMUNITY EVENTS
PUBLIC/COMMUNITY ART
REQUIRED FACILITIES:
- community center
- event space
- open-gallery
urban design toolbox for district/hood centres:
GROUND FLOOR PROGRAMME & ACCESS
PERSONALISATION
ground floor transparency commerce continuity in the district centre
small area units to encourage small businesses
diversity in facade extensions mixed-use
commerce at the arrival points in the neighborhood centres
personalized facades
day/night economy
shared and community spaces at the ground floors in the neighborhood centre
use of the rooftop space bike/car parking before arrival points
UPGRADING THE UTOPIA.
urban design proposal
public space toolbox
UPGRADING THE UTOPIA.
ACCESS
FLEXIBILITY
FACILITIES
external crossings
temporary facilities
vegetation
free internal movement
day/night transformation
urban furniture
seasonal transformation
lighting
urban design proposal
RECLAIMING UNDEFINED SPACE FOR LOCAL ACT undefined space
potential
local creative act + consultation of urban professionals
financing
UPGRADING THE UTOPIA.
urban design propossal
designed by common act
UPGRADING THE UTOPIA.
urban design proposal
proposed public space network AND HIERARCHY
buildings to be transformed/renovated
existing housing to be renovated parking to be transformed into new typologies poor quality buildings to be transformed into mixed-use + new housing typologies
UPGRADING THE UTOPIA.
urban design proposal
change of the housing block structure
UPGRADING THE UTOPIA.
current block structure
car access to block
proposed block structure, including shared spaces, more transparent and accessible ground floors
limited car access to semi-private courtyards
urban design proposal
customized renovation CURRENT BUILDING STRUCTURE
shared spaces
personalized facades
extensive balconies - flexible area
UPGRADING THE UTOPIA.
urban design proposal
potential space for new typology
UPGRADING THE UTOPIA.
urban design proposal
suggested housing typologies
modular FLEXIBLE
incremental PRICE RANGE
shared DIVERSE
UPGRADING THE UTOPIA.
urban design proposal
final guideplan space for new typologies customized renovation options local centers community property sports parks car/public transport/ bicycle - artery to the city main pedestrian route secondary routes - walking/cycling multi-use streets - pedestrian priority/bike/car recreational routes
UPGRADING THE UTOPIA.
urban design proposal
flexible infill
- enabled possibility to choose and have an influence on ongoing development
UPGRADING THE UTOPIA.
urban design proposal
FREE/COMMON SPACE
- possibility to create
UPGRADING THE UTOPIA A.
urrban design proposa al
proposed phasing
UPGRADING THE UTOPIA.
urban design proposal
example SITES
DISTRICT CENTRE
HOOD
UPGRADING THE UTOPIA.
urban design proposal
UPGRADING THE UTOPIA.
urban design proposal
phase 1. implementing new housing
NEIGHBORHOOD CENTRE
UPGRADING THE UTOPIA.
urban design proposal
DISTRICT CENTRE
UPGRADING THE UTOPIA.
urban design proposal
phase 2. neighborhood centre - programme and public space
UPGRADING THE UTOPIA.
urban design proposal
phase 2. district centre - programme
PROGRAMMING AND PERSONALIZATION
ground floor transparency
commerce continuity in the district centre
mixed-use
small area units to encourage small businesses
day/night economy
diversity in facade extensions
parking facilities before the center
personalized facades
UPGRADING THE UTOPIA.
urban design proposal
phase 2. district centre - public space
FLEXIBILITY
UPGRADING THE UTOPIA.
FACILITIES
urban design proposal
UPGRADING THE UTOPIA.
urban design proposal
local centre
impression
UPGRADING THE UTOPIA.
urban design proposal
district centre
Conclusions - everybody wins!
STOCKHOLM MUNICIPALITY: - improved most problematic districts of Stockholm - reduced issue of segregation between city districts - changed character and image of suburban areas, general quality increase - provided accommodation for HIGH-TECH employees - potential residents - attracted new investors to the area - efficient use of environment - renovated housing - enhanced livability - increased safety - local integration - inclusive design process - everybody counts - increased accessibility
RESIDENT OF HUSBY: - opportunity to choose type of environment - equal opportunity to decide - possibility for customization of personal space - sense of belonging - opportunity to create, build and manage - improved quality of environment: lively, diverse and safe
where it could be applied
thank you!