THE TEMPORARY CITIZEN and the implications of the next mode of energy in Vlissingen
Graduation Anouk Klapwijk 29-06-2017 Supervised by: M. Emmerik V. Munoz Sanz
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Metrocosm.com: global-immigration-map
DESIGN STUDIO
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Design as Politics
TRENDS
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Increase of mobility of individuals Increase of labour migration
LABOUR MIGRATION: ENERGY SECTOR
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Lebanon Palestina Canada
GB
Russia
Jordania Germany Syria
US
Iran
Iraq
Marocco Algeria Egypt
UAE
Pakistan
Nepal
China
India
Bangladesh
Indonesia
Somalia Kenia Australia South Africa Sri Lanka
emirati (20.000)
expat & origin (20.000) Studio Zones Urbaines Sensibles (ZUS)
URBAN DESIGN: SHAPING CITIES
One and Only Resorts
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SNC Lavalin
ENERGY SECTOR: TRANSITION
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GE Renewable Energy
TWO TRENDS
Increase of mobility of individuals Increase of labour migration
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Shifting the focus to renewable energy resources & northern Europe
CONTEXT
world
Netherlands
region
port & city
city
urban fabric
smallest urban scale
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CONTENT
world
Netherlands
region
port & city
city
urban fabric
smallest urban scale
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TWO TRENDS IN THE DUTCH CONTEXT
Increase of mobility of individuals Increase of labour migration
Shifting the focus to renewable energy resources & northern Europe
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SPATIAL IMPLICATIONS
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Polendorp, Volkskrant
POLENDORP
Location: in the middle of nowhere
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No foundations: to make it disappear quickly
It’s all about work!
No services, shops, restaurants
IDEA OF THE COMPANY TOWN
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Pullman
IDEA OF THE COMPANY TOWN
Bournville: a village to the world’s largest cocoa and chocolate
It’s not all work!
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LEAVING A LEGACY
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Northern Soul.uk
WHO’S BENEFIT?
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WHO’S BENEFIT?
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Social exclusion?
Urban upgrade?
TWO TRENDS IN THE DUTCH CONTEXT
Increase of mobility of individuals Increase of labour migration
Shifting the focus to renewable energy resources & northern Europe
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ENERGY TRANSITION
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IJmuiden ver- 7020MW
OWEZ - 108MW Princes Amalia - 120MW Hollandse kust - 7350MW Luchterduinen - 129MW
LEGEND: OFFSHORE WIND FARMS Existing wind farm Planned wind farm
Borssele - 2000MW 0
25
50
100km
THE NEW DUBAI?
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QUESTION
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What if we could benefit from the comings and goings of people? How could we use it for local urban change instead of aiming for ‘invisibility’?
CHALLENGE
To catalyze long term improvements for the local population, while servicing and improving the conditions for the temporary citizens. To make the global factors of energy and migrant workers comprehendible and visible.
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CASE STUDY
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LEGEND: OFFSHORE WIND FARMS Existing wind farm Planned wind farm
Borssele - 2000MW 0
25
50
100km
BORSSELE
V
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II
IV III
I
1600 construction phase
51 34 N 0030 031 E 40 K 0
1
M Vlissingen Oost
200 operation & maintenance
er rd
bo
2016 - 2023
A COMINGS & GOINGS
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2016 - 2023
1: preparation of Borssele off site 2: preparation of Borssele on site 3: installation of the foundations and the transformer station 4: preparation of the wind turbines and blades 5: installation of the wind turbines and blades
VLISSINGEN
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Vlissingse bode
VLISSINGEN
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Municipality of Vlissingen
VLISSINGEN
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PZC
VLISSINGEN
1886
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1910
1950
present
COMBINE?
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COMBINE?
WIND FARM: GLOBAL CITIZEN
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VLISSINGEN: LOCAL CITIZEN
REQUIREMENTS
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GLOBAL CITIZEN
LOCAL CITIZEN Social exclusion
High skilled Low skilled
Collective
Practicalities
Accommodation
Student Marine Elderly Tourist 2nd home owner Port worker
Visible connection Port
New activities Maritime environment
STRATEGY
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Insert a piece of urban program into the port.
LOCAL CITIZEN
GLOBAL POWERS
PORT
CITY
Shoreline
0m
500m
1km
2km
STRATEGY
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Insert a piece of urban program into the port.
LOCAL CITIZEN
GLOBAL POWERS
PORT
CITY LOCAL LIFE
GLOBAL CITIZEN
Insert the global migrant workers into the city. Shoreline
0m
500m
1km
2km
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HOW TO START?
ANALYSIS
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Beach line Beaches Boulevard Natural park Greenstructure Dike structure Dunes Parks Sportfields
0m
500m
1km
2km
LOCATIONS
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Urban area
Port area
0m
500m
1km
2km
URBAN AREA: SCHELDETERRAIN
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picture Ruben Oreel
SCALE?
Stella Maris (NL), 2016 400
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De Bosruiter (NL), 2016 600
PATCHWORK URBANISM
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Brent Ryan
URBAN AREA: SCHELDETERRAIN
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FOUR LOCATIONS
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Heritage Connection with the singel No contamination
Heritage Connection with downtown No contamination
Contaminated soil Connection with the waterfronts Damen Shipyards Heritage Timberfactory
Connection with the singel Connection with the waterfronts Contaminated soil
PROGRAM
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Urban area
Port area
Workers housing Sports facility Recreational park Workers housing Cafe Post office Transnational bank
Ferry terminal Wind exhibition Offices
Transformator station Recreational park Wind training center Ferry Landing
ONE LOCATION
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Urban area
Heritage Connection with downtown No contamination
Workers housing Cafe Post office Transnational bank
‘TEMPORARY’ CITIZENS
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time phase 1: preparation of Borssele off site
phase 2: preparation of Borssele on site
phase 3: installation of the foundations and the transformer station
phase 4: preparation of the wind turbines and blades
phase 5: installation of the wind turbines and blades
commissioning!
PHASE 1
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PHASE 2
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PHASE 3
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PHASE 4
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PHASE 5
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CELEBRATION DOCK
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DESIGN PRINCIPLES
Connection Make the site accessible and develope a route.
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Waterfront Re-establish a connection with the water and provide places to meet.
DESIGN PRINCIPLES
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sing hou lic pub
Public functions Add public functions to the site, extending from the waterfront towards the building. Housing is added on top of the public functions.
Visual interaction Making use of different levels to stimulate visual interaction.
PUBLIC FUNCTIONS
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WATERFRONT & CONNECTION
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VISUAL INTERACTION
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URBAN AREA
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URBAN AREA
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PORT AREA
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PORT AREA
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CONCLUSION
From a global context to a local design.
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CHALLENGE & QUESTION
What if we could benefit from the comings and goings of people? To catalyze long term improvements for the local population, while servicing and improving the conditions for the temporary citizens.
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LOCAL/GLOBAL?
Test the local design in the global context
Changes?
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THREE SCENARIO’S
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DECLINE
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Decline in port industry
Temporary citizen leaves
Decline in population
LEGACY DECLINE
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connection with the singel
connection with greenstructure
connection with the seashore
STABLE
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Dismantling oil platforms industry
Temporary citizen stays
Growth in 1 person households
LEGACY STABLE
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GROWTH
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Expertise in offshore wind industry
Temporary citizen stays
Growth in population
LEGACY GROWTH
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connection with the singel
connection with greenstructure view on the waterfront
view on recreational port view on Damen Shipyards connection with the seashore
CONCLUSION
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DIFFERENT WAY OF THINKING FOR THE URBANIST: TEMPORARY POPULATION
OPPORTUNITY TO BENEFIT
AWARENESS OF CYCLES
OTHER PLACES
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IJmuiden ver- 7020MW
OWEZ - 108MW Princes Amalia - 120MW Hollandse kust - 7350MW Luchterduinen - 129MW
LEGEND: OFFSHORE WIND FARMS Existing wind farm Planned wind farm
Borssele - 2000MW 0
25
50
100km
COMMON FUTURE June 2017
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SCHELDETERRAIN
of the The celebration dock is located on the east side to be the Scheldeterrain, the location near the city center. It used after place where new build ships were launched and celebrated, meaning, the building process was finished. Besides this historical of the the building of the Plaatwerkerij is still intact on the edge and the site. For the design of this site, the aspect of celebration important. most combination of the different user groups is the
7 8 9 6 large offshore wind With the new scale of operating and constructing are facing farms, the city of Vlissingen and the port of Vlissingen-Oost an increase of work a transition. A part of this transition will include the next five years. for area the within citizens migration and temporary and goings. comings of phenomenon this into research a is This project energy and migrant The design is an attempt to make the global factors of as a catalyst to workers comprehendible and visible, while using this that services for the local urban change. This project illustrates the idea with long term temporary needs of migrant workers can be combined citizens are seen improvements for the local population. The temporary the urban area, as as a window of opportunity for the transformation of well the industrial port area. in the format As final product of the project, this two-sided document proposal, shows a of a folded city map, combining research and design migrant worker common new future for Vlissingen. It imagines a potential and the Borssele or tourist arriving in Vlissingen, learning about Vlissingen port have to offer. wind farm, and using the facilities the city and the about the new On the other hand, it informs the permanent resident to participate and adaptations made in their urban fabric and invites them their environment. celebrate the Borssele wind project as an upgrade to
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MAP OF VLISSINGEN
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the old The location of the waterfront is characterized by Damen. timberfactory and the last shipyard in the old harbour, The jetty This offers an opportunity to activate the waterfront. For for the already existing watertaxi is moved to the location. the port the workers, the site will offer a way to commute to to host of Vlissingen-Oost by boat. The timberfactory is suitable space for an exhibition about the wind farm and offer office employment agencies in the energy industry.
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Colophon Anouk Klapwijk anoukklapwijk@gmail.com Map made as part of: Design as Politics Graduation Studio, 2016/2017 and mobility ‘A City of Comings and Goings’- designing for migration
proposal based Revealing a new side of Vlissingen through a design wind project. on the spatial implications of the Borssele offshore
ACROSS SCALES:
KALOOT
ME TO VLISSINGEN,of WELCO this map, we take you to along the new hotspots
With farm of Vlissingen during the construction of the offshore wind history, Borssele. Vlissingen, already famous for its rich maritime wind adds another chapter to this history; the chapter of offshore on energy. While the offshore wind farm largely remains unvisible does have land, this guide shows you the spatial implications it the new on the city and its port. The map will guide you around opportunities that are on offer. See for yourself and enjoy!
SCHELDETERRAIN CELEBRATION SQUARE WATERFRONT STAIRS
3
CAFE
POST OFFICE
5
WESTERN UNION BANK
6 7 8 9
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ACCOMMODATION FITNESS CENTER HOMEFLEX OFFICE AIRBNB HOUSE CENTRAL PARK FISHING DOCK
FERRY SHUTTLEand Borssele by ferry! You
Explore Vlissingen, Vlissingen-Oost for can buy a hop-on-hop-off day trip or buy a subscription Use commuting. Tickets are only available at the ferry terminal. the app for current departure times and a personal timetable. Route Pick up points
ENERGY & LABOUR
Lebanon Palestina GB
Russia
Jordania Germany Syria
Marocco
Iran
Iraq
Algeria Egypt
Shifting the focus to renewable energy resources
UAE
Nepal Pakistan
India
area, This area of the Scheldeterrain is adjacent to an housing With originally build by the Schelde company for their workers. building no contamination of the soil, the site is suitable for This citizens. temporary the for of the accommodation mostLINE TIME OF THE citizens temporary PROJ the allow will area ECTS workers the for location The fence, to live close to the city center and a recreational park. with the currently restricting access to the site, can grow along or nonaccommodation, meaning that the site is accessible accessible according to the housing that is occupied.
NOW AVAILABL
MIGRATION
Canada
US
Increase of mobility of individuals & labour migration
China Bangladesh
emirati
Indonesia
(20.000)
Somalia Kenia South Africa
Australia Sri Lanka
(20.000)
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FERRY TERMINAL BORSSELE TOUR OFFICE
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BORSSELE WIND EXHIBITION EMPLOYMENT AGENCIES
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DUNE AREA
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BEACH
OFFSHORE FARMS
DUTCH CONTEXT
Existing wind farm Planned wind farm
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On one hand, the challenge for the is to catalyze long graduation project term improveme nts for the local permanent citizens, and while at the same the conditions of time improving and servicing the global and temporary citizens. On the other hand informing about the energy the transition and celebrating general public scale offshore wind farm in the Netherland the first large challenge. Therefore, s is the second a strategy is made port & the city. on the scale of the
expat & origin
Plan your trip with the watertaxi in Vlissin gen!
OF ‘POLENDORP’
1: preparation of
BORSSELE WIND V
PROJECT
II
IV III
22
No foundations: to make it disappear quickly
AMOUNT OF WORKERS
1600 - constructio
n phase
40 KM
200 - operation &
Vlissingen Oost
Borssele off site
2: preparation of Borssele on site 3: installation of the foundations and the transforme r station
maintenance
2016 - 2023
4: preparation of the wind turbines and blades
STRATEGY Insert a piece of urban program into the port
LOCAL CITIZEN
Borssele off site
PHASING 1: preparation of
I 510 341 N 0030 031 E
E IN APP STORE
Flyer app store watertaxi
No services, shops, restaurants
5: installation of the wind turbines and blades
TRANSFORMATOR STATION TRAINING CENTER TRANSFORMATOR PARK CABLE TRAJECTORY WALKWAY
CURRENT & PLANNED
Location: in the middle of nowhere The first of these wind farms, Borssele, kilometers of the will be build 22 coast of Zeeland. This will result in opportunities and new job growth of the port industry in VlissingenOost and its adjacent city Vlissingen in the upcoming years. The challenge and opportunity this temporary citizens offer is examined can in this project. Therefore phasing of workers the amount and is studied. While the project and design will focus the on a particular site, the city of Vlissingen, the work could offer lessons to the broader context migration and a temporary of population.
COMMUTERS STATION OBSERVATION PLATFORM
KALOOT 18
When looking at the transition, the governmenDutch context of the energy t announced the five new wind farms construction of off the coast of the are amongst the North Sea, which largest and planned windfarms in the world. In the map current of scale. Being aware are compared, showing the change of the influence of the urban environme work migration on nt, new questions are posed on how deal with large temporary to populations in the ‘Polendorp’ serves Netherlands. as an example of current planning.
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TWO TRENDS
rd bo
2
1
GLOBAL/LOCAL
The vast network of energy production distribution has , consumption and left its imprint on our urban landscapes around the world. Cities were shaped many other cities by in the UAE and across energy; such as owes her developme the globe, Dubai nt to the strategic geographic location and the access to oil fields. With the energy geographic locations will change and wind transition, the the focus towards energy will shift Northern Europe. This will result in emerging employme new nt patterns in e.g. the Netherlands.
GLOBAL POWERS LOCAL LIFE
part The central park of the Scheldeterrain contains the largerst Closed off of contaminated soil and is not suitable for building. 2: preparation of moment, the soil will be cleaned in stages by the at the a fenceBorssele by on site on the poplar trees through phytoremediation technology. Based access contamination, the fence is opened up in stages, allowing path and to more and more space of the park for the public. The the larger the waterfront of the park will reconnect the site to framework of green- and waterfront space in the area.
GLOBAL CITIZEN Insert the global migrant workers into the city.
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The spatial and financial conditions Vlissingen make of the city of this a difficult task. Small interventio a large system need ns in to re-enforce or re-connects the cities underlying system. Only then, the structure be transformed and of the city can a long term legacy protected. Therefore, for the the theory of patchworkcity can be is adopted in order urbanism to operations to impose divide the areas and design small constraints on the are determined within future. 5 locations the urban area and in the port area.
On the scale of public space & urban fabric, each project is designed based on the presence citizens. According of the temporary to location is developed their amount, the design for each in four design principles; five steps. Besides these phases, the waterfront, public connection with the city, activating functions on the different levels for ground floor and visual interaction , are applied to all to ensure the designs sites offers not only space citizens, but also to the temporary for the permanent inhabitant.
Zooming in to the smallest urban scale of the project, design elements used in the designs and connect the provide continuity projects together. Main elements chosen for the lightning, are landscaping and lightning, an addition infrastructure. For to incorporating a vertical traditional street lightning is made, landscaping, a specific axis wind turbine on each latern. For type of tree is chosen, remediation potentials. because of its Finally the infrastructu two types of tiles re consists of and concrete benches.
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FIVE LOCATION
S IN A SYSTEM
Cable trajectory walkway
Shoreline
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0m
500m
1km
2km
3: installation of the foundations and the transforme r station
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DESIGN PRINCIPLE
S
Connection
Waterfront
Public functions
Visual interaction
DESIGN ELEMENTS
Lantern on wind energy
area The transformator station is situated within the industrial Here of the port of Vlissingen-Oost on the beach of the Kaloot. the wind is the landing point of the cable route that connects the link wil cable The land. on grid electricity the farm at sea with site of extraction, the North Sea, with the site of consumption, of Vlissingen. The infrastructure will protect further development where the protected dune area of the Kaloot and offers a place citizens can experience both nature and industry.
4: preparation of the wind turbines and blades
Now located at the stairs of the celebration dock
Poplar tree cleaning the soil
Concrete bench
Concrete tile
Wooden quay
5: installation of the wind turbines and blades
Central park
SPATIAL QUALITY
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USE OF HERITAGE
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NEW ROUTES
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NEW ACTIVITIES
Plan your trip with the watertaxi in Vlissingen!
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VISIBILITY
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CONNECTION
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THE TEMPORARY CITIZEN and the implications of the next mode of energy in Vlissingen
Graduation Anouk Klapwijk 29-06-2017 Supervised by: M. Emmerik V. Munoz Sanz
A balcony offers a view on the waterfront and creates opportunity for visual interaction.
A cafe on the ground floor extends the public space from the square to the inside and forms the entrance to the workers housing. Stairs provide a meeting place along the waterfront while a path connects to the surrounding urban area.
Entrace of the timberfactory giving space to employment agencies and a windpower exhibition.
The ferry terminal; commuting to the port for the temporary citizens, offering wind tours for the permanent inhabitant.
Area for workers housing, while offering access through the terrain for the inhabitants of Vlissingen.
The park offering spaces to meet and recreate.
The park connecting to the waterfront, offering possibilities for recreation.
Space for training the workers on top of the public function of the transformator station.
The path connects the transformator station to the water on top of the cable trajectory of Borssele.
Entrance of the transformator station and training center.