Mote 2002 Annual Report by Mary Ellen Seyle

A N N UA L R E P O RT 2 0 0 2

Mote Marine Laboratory is an independent, nonprofit organization dedicated to excellence in marine science and education. The main facility is located on 10.5 acres on City Island in Sarasota, Florida. Field stations are maintained in Pineland, Florida, on Charlotte Harbor; in the Florida Keys, on Summerland Key and Key West; and at Mote Aquaculture Park on Fruitville Road in eastern Sarasota County.

Coral reefs all over the world are disappearing and in decline. It is a problem of scientific, ecological economic, and aesthetic concern. Throughout this document, we have included photographs of coral reefs and their inhabitants, as well as significant facts that point to the important role coral reefs play in our world. The photos were taken in a variety of locations over the last 30 years by diver Herman Gross and generously donated to Mote Marine Laboratory. The facts presented with the photographs reflect the findings of United States Geological Survey USGS and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration NOAA .

At years end our staff numbered more than 220, 38 at doctoral level. The work of the Laboratory was carried out with the assistance of nearly 1,600 volunteers.

Coral reefs cover less than one percent of the earth s surface but are home to more than 25% of all known marine fish species.

December 31, 2002

BOARD OF TRUSTEES Myra Monfort Runyan Chairman

Dear Friends,

Mike B. McKee

We are pleased to report that the year 2002 has been exceptionally productive for Mote Marine Laboratory. Despite a national economic downturn, we achieved remarkable success in grants from the Florida Department of Education and Cultural Facilities, and a record number of state and federal funds. Foundation assets totaled $8.8 million plus an additional endowment of $600,000 for Aquarium operations. The total budget set a record at $17 million.

J. Robert Long

New research flourished, with the staff, now numbering more than 220, involved in more than 200 funded projects. Mote s Distance Learning Program, SeaTrek, reached 25 school districts, and Mote Aquaculture Park became partially operational. The physical plant is expanding rapidly with several capital projects either under construction or in the planning stage. Construction was started on the Keating Marine Education Center and architectural and engineering plans for the expansion of the Ann and Alfred Goldstein Marine Mammal Center were nearing completion with permit applications to be submitted in 2003. The third floor of the Connector Building has been completed, providing offices and labs for Benthic Ecology, Phytoplankton Ecology, Chemical Fate and Effects, and Coastal Resources Programs. A small Key West facility, to be used by the Centers for Aquaculture Research and Development and Fisheries Enhancement, was donated to the Lab by the Conch Republic Seafood Company. Its location, in Key West s Historic Seaport, is suitable for a small Mote visitor center. Year two of the Charlotte Harbor Project concluded with a well-attended conference at Mote, which provided a venue for staff, scientists, Mote adjuncts, and research partners to report on findings. More than 15,000 signatures were gathered in support of a Protect Our Reefs specialty license plate which will promote conservation of Florida s coral reefs. We now await approval of the plate by the Legislature and Governor.* Thank you for your interest and support of our endeavors.

Vice-Chairman Secretary

Robert R. Nelson Treasurer

Vernon G. Buchanan Ronald D. Ciaravella Howard C. Cobin Frederick M. Derr Chairman Emeritus

Joann P. DiGennaro Jerome Dupree Sylvia Earle Jefferson Flanders Hon. William S. Galvano Susan C. Gilmore Alfred Goldstein Chairman Emeritus

Judy Graham Elaine M. Keating Melville R. Levi Michael T. Martin Chairman Emeritus

Raymond E. Mason, Jr. Michael Saunders Howard Seider, Jr. J. Ronald Skipper Sylvia J. Taylor Trustees Emeriti Donald G.C. Clark Eugenie Clark Hon. F. Daniel Miller Honorary Members David S. Allen, Sr. Richard H. Angelotti Chairman Emeritus

Myra Monfort Runyan Chairman of the Board

Kumar Mahadevan, Ph.D. Executive Director

*The Legislature and the Governor have approved the license plate August 2003 .

Charles R. Baumann Steve Belack Howard G. Crowell, Jr. Peter T. Hull Hon. Andy Ireland Hon. Bob Johnson Chairman Emeritus

Ronald A. Johnson G. Lowe Morrison John E. Pether Helen L. Pratt William Ritchie Peter Rosasco Beth G. Waskom William R. Mote 1906-2000

Perry W. Gilbert 1912-2000

2002

Moteworthy Events January

Nearly 5,000 Southwest Florida students saw live broadcasts of JASON Project XIII Frozen Worlds beamed by satellite from Alaska to Mote s Martin-Selby Education Center. The Randy Puckett Art for Conservation exhibit showcased the work of sculptor Randy Puckett. The month-long show raised nearly $60,000 for the new dolphin research building.

February

For the ninth year, Mote hosted a legislative reception in Tallahassee with individual displays and the Mobile Exhibit. This event is a highlight during the Florida legislative session with many senators and representatives in attendance. The reception was part of Oceans Day, co-sponsored by Florida Ocean Alliance and Florida Institute of Oceanography. The third annual Valentine s Dinner with the Stars raised more than $27,000 for the Dolphin and Whale Hospital. Special guests in attendance were Walt Willey, Rebecca Budig, J. Edie Peck, and Eden Riegel from All My Children and Mark Derwin and David Fumero from One Life to Live.

March

The 16th Annual Run for the Turtles, a beach run/walk event, generated $15,000 to support the Sea Turtle Conservation and Research Program. More than 900 people participated.

April

Contact Cove, a new Aquarium touch tank with wheelchair access, was opened to the public. The Kresge Challenge Grant was met, qualifying Mote for a $500,000 grant for the construction of the Keating Marine Education Center.

May

Mote hosted the spring meeting of the Southern Association of Marine Laboratories SAML . SAML has 54 member laboratories and includes laboratories from Maryland to Texas, plus Bermuda and the U.S. Virgin Islands.

June

A new federally-funded consortium of four institutions conducting shark research was established, with Mote s Center for Shark Research as the coordinating organization.

Nearly 27% of the worlds coral reefs have already disappeared and given current trends, it is predicted that another two-thirds will be lost within the next 30 years. 2

The Conch Republic Seafood Company donated the lease of a small laboratory in Key West to Mote Marine Laboratory. The facility will be upgraded to grow out seedling conchs for enhancing threatened conch populations in the Florida Keys and will also serve as a public outreach center, with exhibits and informational brochures.

The Charlotte Harbor Conference Discovery in 2001-2002, was held at Mote Marine Laboratory from October 9-10. This review of the first year of field work on the Charlotte Harbor Project was dedicated to the late William R. Mote. Presentations were made by Mote scientific staff and their partners in research.

Construction was completed on the first growout facility at Mote Aquaculture Park it will be used to culture sturgeon.

The Aquarium courtyard was transformed into a Louisiana bayou for Mote s annual Oceanic Evening Blue Bayou. More than 300 attended and $115,000 was raised for Mote s Endowment Fund.

September

November

August

A Blue Ribbon Education Committee comprising eminent national educators convened at Mote. The committee s mission was to assess Mote s education programs, funding, and institutional collaborations, and to make recommendations for further development.

October

The annual conference of the Florida Association of Science Teachers FAST was held at Mote. The theme was The Fine Art of Science and was attended by more than 800 state science educators and by Florida Lt. Gov. Frank Brogan.

The Center for Fisheries Enhancement hosted the fourth William R. and Lenore Mote International Symposium in Fisheries Ecology Confronting Trade-Offs in the Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries Management. This biennial event is supported by the Eminent Scholar Chair in Fisheries Ecology and Enhancement which was established by a gift from the late William R. Mote to Florida State University.

December

Mote s nearly 1,600 volunteers were honored with the annual Holiday Party. This event was sponsored by the Mote Scientific Foundation.

CENTER FOR CORAL REEF RESEARCH Erich M. Mueller, Ph.D., Director

Fighting the Decline of Coral Reefs Coral reefs may very well be the first marine ecosystems to be endangered on a worldwide basis. Like their counterparts on land, tropical rainforests, coral reefs are affected by human activities. These include physical damage from fishing activities and boat collisions, as well as biological damage from global warming and runoff from toxic chemicals, fertilizers and sediment from land. Because coral reefs provide habitats for so many species of fish and invertebrates, the decline of viability in corals is having an adverse impact on the marine environment. The work of the Center for Coral Reef Research CCRR focuses on coral biology including physiology, diseases, ecology, and the development of methods to restore damaged coral reefs. The Center is located at Mote s Tropical Research Laboratory in the lower Florida Keys near the only reef system in the continental U.S. Elkhorn coral, a branching shallow water variety, is often infected with white pox disease which has resulted in considerable loss of this beautiful coral in the Keys. Studies of the problem began several years ago, but only this past year has the causative agent been found. In a paper published in the proceedings of the National Academy of Science, that pathogen was identified as Serratia marcescens, a bacterium that is a common member of the human and animal digestive flora as well as occurring in soil and water. This raises the possibility, as yet untested, that the disease source for coral is sewage effluent. Also in 2002, CCRR scientists began a major new initiative, the construction of a dedicated culture laboratory for the propagation of disease-resistant strains of corals for use in reef restoration. In 2002, the Center confronted an unusual problem. The black water phenomenon in Southwest Florida was widely reported in the press with much conjecture about its origin and effects. Mote researchers obtained the first samples of the tainted water which were also forwarded to a number of other laboratories. The culprit was identified as a microscopic phytoplankton, Rhizosolenia sp., which together with dissolved organic matter, caused the discoloration. After the event was over, an examination of benthic life documented a considerable loss of sea whips and sea plumes and to a lesser degree, sponges. A generous contribution from the Waverly Foundation allowed the Center to obtain its first vessel specifically equipped for research, the R/VLady Lynne. This vessel provides increased range and capabilities that enable Mote scientists to enhance their operations throughout the Florida Keys.

Corals are tiny plant-like animals that require clean, clear water and sunlight, thriving in seawater temperatures ranging from 65-97 F. Corals live in colonies that form coral reefs. These reefs compose one of the worlds most fragile ecosystems. O

CENTER FOR ECOTOXICOLOGY Richard H. Pierce, Ph.D., Director

Taking Dead Aim at Red Tide The Center for Ecotoxicology studies both manmade and naturally-occurring toxins that threaten marine life, including the periodic blooms of the Florida red tide organism, Karenia brevis. Red tide kills fish, makes shellfish highly toxic, and causes respiratory problems in humans from airborne toxins. Each of the Centers research programs has made important contributions to this work. In the Phytoplankton Ecology Program, an important contribution has been the development of an underwater autonomous vehicle. This torpedo-shaped robot was developed as part of an automated surveillance system for continuous monitoring of red tides along Florida s Gulf Coast. Information from these studies is essential to understanding the dynamics of red tide blooms including development, transport and demise and ultimately red tide mitigation and control. The Chemical Fate and Effects Program has made a significant breakthrough in understanding the distribution of biotoxins produced by red tides. Aided by advanced analytical instrumentation, Mote scientists have been able to describe the distribution of these biotoxins, both inside and outside of the cells that produce them. This information is critical to understanding how marine animals, as well as humans, are exposed to the neurotoxins. During the 1980s, Mote scientists were the first to collect and identify the airborne toxins that affect people along Florida s beaches during red tides. In 2002, the Environmental Health Program, in collaboration with a number of government agencies and universities, used new technology to identify and assess the effects of human exposure to red tide toxins aerosolized by wave action on the shoreline. This information will be used to direct resources to mitigate the adverse human health effects from red tides. The Center also studied the far-reaching impacts of manmade contaminants in the sea. The Aquatic Toxicology Program initiated a new area of research far from home in the Arctic. There, on a hunt by Inupiat Eskimos for bowhead whales, tissue samples were taken and analyzed for biomarkers and contaminants that could be passed to the Eskimos who depend on the whale meat as a primary food source. This study, using newly-developed analytical techniques and instruments, has application for assessing the long-term impacts on human health and natural marine resources from oil spills in this fragile northern environment.

Healthy coral reefs are home to so many different species of plants and animals that they are known as the rainforests of the sea.

CENTER FOR FISHERIES ENHANCEMENT Kenneth M. Leber, Ph.D., Director

Replenishing the Seas The Center for Fisheries Enhancement conducts critically needed research to help protect and manage marine and estuarine fisheries to ensure that these resources will be available for future generations. The Centers goals are to increase knowledge substantially of how to preserve and enhance coastal fish populations and to set a standard for scientific excellence in fisheries enhancement. In 2002, the Stock Enhancement Program focused on evaluating the interactions between hatchery and wild fish and developing ways to increase survival of stocked red snapper, snook and red drum. In a significant finding, confining red snapper for three days prior to release in net pens anchored to artificial reefs resulted in five times greater abundance three months after stocking. In another study, an experiment was implemented to begin to evaluate carrying capacity in snook nursery habitats. The study suggested that these habitats might be able to support greater numbers of snook yearlings than was expected. This experiment was directed toward answering a key question about the effectiveness of stock enhancement worldwide. Do released fishes augment or displace wild individuals in their nursery habitats? Mote is participating in this work as part of two national research consortiums dedicated to developing successful stocking technologies that can enhance marine fisheries in environmentally responsible ways. Biologists are also working to evaluate the effectiveness of red drum hatchery releases in Tampa Bay. The Centers wet lab facility added five new recirculating experimental tank systems. A greenhouse annex holding eight additional tanks was under construction. These facilities will allow further research in fish tagging, behavior, and predator-prey interactions. From May through October 2002, Fisheries Biology Program staff and interns measured, tagged, and collected biological samples from reef fish caught by recreational fishing boats off Sarasota, Madeira Beach, Panama City, and St. Augustine, Florida. This work completed the first year of a two-year study funded by the NMFS Marine Fisheries Initiative MARFIN to determine the efficacy and safety of catch-size regulations for selected reef fishes. In another MARFIN project, Mote scientists compared red snapper characteristics and survival in various Florida locations, and with California State University, Long Beach, Mote researchers studied the physiological effects of pressure-induced trauma on red snapper. The Fisheries Habitat Ecology Program began a series of new studies in Charlotte Harbor, with the goal of a better understanding of habitat requirements of important recreational species of estuarine fishes, such as snook, red drum, tarpon, pompano, and permit. Mote staff hosted a two-day summit of scientists specializing in snook research to begin formulation of a cohesive statewide research strategy. The Program also conducted fisheries research for the Turneffe Atoll Conservation Fund, a nonprofit organization in Belize. Also collaborating with Center staff wereFlorida s Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commissions Florida Marine Research Institute, the University of SouthernMississippi s Gulf Coast Research Laboratory, the Florida Department of Environmental Protection, the Oceanic Institute, the University of New Hampshire, the National Marine Fisheries Service Manchester, Washington, Laboratory, and the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. Of all the fisheries managed by our government, approximately half of the economically important fish species that fall under government management depend on coral reefs and related habitats for part of their life cycle. 8

CENTER FOR AQUACULTURE RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT Kevan Main, Ph.D., Director

Fish for the Future The Center for Aquaculture Research and Development CARD is constructing new marine and freshwater recirculating aquaculture systems and facilities in eastern Sarasota County at Mote Aquaculture Park. The mission of CARD is to develop new, innovative and cost-effective techniques to produce high-value marine and freshwater fish for Florida s aquaculture industry and to support and expand stock enhancement research in Florida and worldwide. In 2002, research projects were underway in three facilities: Mote s main campus, Mote Aquaculture Park, and Mote Key West. At Mote s main campus, CARD designed and constructed state-of-the-art production systems to produce both marine and freshwater species, such as sturgeon, snook, pompano, and snapper. At Mote Aquaculture Park, construction began on sturgeon hatchery and growout facilities, enabling the transfer of the 1998-2001 classes of sturgeon from the main laboratory to the new hatchery. As a result, the sturgeon project was able to move from initial experimental studies into the pilot-scale commercial production phase. During the year, studies in the snook program yielded key data on improving the production methods for juvenile snook for stock enhancement. Data were obtained on spawning activity in relation to moon and tide cycles, age of spawning females, egg quality, and egg and larval development. Three new projects were started in 2002. A study was initiated to determine the factors responsible for aggressive behavior in juvenile red snapper. Such behavior can result in losses due to cannibalism. The snapper project is part of a joint research effort with Gulf Coast Research Laboratory in Mississippi and Oceanic Institute in Hawaii. In June, Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution and Mote Marine Laboratory started a project with funding from the Disney Wildlife Conservation Fund and private donations to develop the culture techniques to produce queen conch Strombus gigas for stock enhancement in the Florida Keys and the Caribbean. This project is being conducted at Mote Key West, Summerland Key, and at Mote Marine Laboratory. In July, a new project was started to develop methods to farm Florida pompano with funding from the State Division of Aquaculture. Juvenile and broodstock pompano were collected and the Center conducted research to develop controlled maturation and spawning techniques, larval rearing and nursery culture techniques. A unique feature of our pompano research program is the focus on exploring new environments for the culture of marine species. This is being accomplished in the evaluation of hard freshwater or low-salinity conditions for nursery and growout production of marine fishes and the development of inland recirculating systems for saltwater fishes. This project is a collaborative effort with Florida State University and Florida International University scientists.

Coral reefs are critical to the economy. The dockside value of commercial U.S. fisheries from coral reefs exceeds $100 million per year.

CENTER FOR COASTAL ECOLOGY Ernest D. Estevez, Ph.D., Director

Tech Support for Charlotte Harbor The Center for Coastal Ecology uses scientific methods to understand and characterize both natural and manmade forces that affect our rivers, bays, and estuaries, thus providing a scientific basis for better management policy. In 2002, the Centers most significant undertaking was coordinating and participating in the Charlotte Harbor Program. This programs objective is to predict how changes to freshwater quantity and quality will affect the estuary and its valued ecosystem. The year 2002, designated as the Year of Discovery, saw significant progress in all five of the research centers participating in this multi-disciplinary program. Benthic Ecology Program staff have continued long-term projects. Studies of the tidal Alafia River have been completed. Mote provided the first comprehensive description of habitats and bottom-dwelling animals of this severely impacted river which will be used as a new water supply. Techniques learned in the Alafia advance Mote s understanding of river ecology and continue to distinguish Mote as a leader in this field. In addition, this program examined the effects of the Tampa Electric Company power plant discharges on surrounding waterways. Collaborative studies are also continuing on giant squid, invasive green mussels, and bay scallops. The Chemical Ecology Program continued field work in Charlotte Harbor, describing water chemistry and optical light reflecting properties under conditions of high river flow. The Program recently completed a seven-year statistical trend analysis of water quality in the Chassahowitzka National Wildlife Refuge for the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Water quality studies for Sarasota County are continuing, and the Program was an invited participant in the planning of the County Integrated Water Resources Plan. The Landscape Ecology Program focuses on the distribution of estuarine plants and animals. The Program has several projects such as a National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration NOAA funded synthesis of seagrass models including the development of an ecological forecasting model, a study of how seagrasses respond to manatee feeding South Florida Water Management District SFWMD , and a study on the use of seagrasses by juvenile fish SFWMD . The Program is also examining the functional value of seagrass habitats to fish within Charlotte Harbor. This research will continue into 2003 and will be expanded to examine how invertebrates and small fishes utilize habitats dominated by different species of seagrass. The Program is also completing the development and creation of metadata data about data for the Charlotte Harbor Initiative funded by the U. S. Geological Survey . In a new partnership with the Florida Gulf Coast University, the Center for Coastal Ecology is studying the Caloosahatchee River. This multi-year research initiative is a part of the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Program and involves numerous Mote investigators. Coral reefs have long provided valuable pharmaceutical products and may hold clues to cures for cancer, arthritis, and other human afflictions.

CENTER FOR MARINE MAMMAL & SEA TURTLE RESEARCH Randall S. Wells, Ph.D., Director

Breathtaking Research The Sarasota Dolphin Research Program has studied four generations of resident bottlenose dolphins since 1970, identifying them by markings on the dorsal fin. In the summer of 2002, 13 births in the resident community of about 140 animals were documented, a near record. Of these, by years end ten have survived. With collaboration from three international laboratories, the program has been measuring levels of PCBs and other environmental contaminants in the tissues of Bay dolphins, finding levels of potential concern for dolphin health and reproduction. In June 2002, 14 dolphins were captured, tested, and released during a health assessment program; five more were sampled in November. Genetic studies and ongoing photographic identification surveys have contributed to our understanding of the structure of dolphin populations. The Manatee Research Programs continuing aerial surveys and photo-identification in southwestern Florida provided information about relative abundance, habitat use, reproduction, and adult survival. Data analyses focused on habitat features that may promote high use by manatees in winter, especially in areas that lack obvious inputs of warm water. The loss of warm water resources to manatees could possibly have a greater impact on the manatee population in the short run than the more widely publicized effects of boats. Staff have also been assessing boater compliance with speed zones and the effectiveness of enforcement. The Marine Mammal Stranding Investigations Program continued to investigate distressed dolphins and manatees and conducted postmortem examination of stranded dolphins. Rare species of whales examined included a full-size sperm whale stranded on Gasparilla Island, and live strandings of two dwarf sperm whales locally. Collaborative genetic studies of pygmy and dwarf sperm whales worldwide, including many samples collected from animals stranded in Florida, support the discovery of a new species of cetacean. The Offshore Cetacean Ecology Program worked on photographic identification catalogs of continental shelf dolphins. One hundred and eight bottlenose dolphins, of which three have been resighted, and 55 Atlantic spotted dolphins, with six resightings, have been catalogued. Limited spotted dolphin resightings suggest this species moves farther out on the shelf during warmer months. The Program also conducted surveys of Gulf dolphins thirty nautical miles offshore in the Gulf of Mexico and gave a poster presentation of videotape analyses of bow-riding dolphin behavior at the American Cetacean Society Conference. The Sensory Biology and Behavior Program began an acoustic survey in Charlotte Harbor to locate spawning sites of sound producing fishes, and to identify harbor areas used by dolphins and manatees. Preliminary data indicated pronounced daily, seasonal, and spatial variation brought about by oxygen levels, nighttime activity and other habitat variables. Studies were conducted of underwater visual acuity and hearing in manatees. Findings suggest they do not use vision for close inspection of fine details. Additional acoustic studies included attempts to devise a portable detector that would be tuned to the sounds produced by manatees in order to develop an early warning system alerting boaters to their presence. Another ongoing project investigated the risk factors associated with collisions between ships and North Atlantic right whales. Researchers made a significant discovery in that experimental alarm systems played to whales can actually increase the risk of ship strikes. The Sea Turtle Conservation and Research Program documented and evaluated more than 1,000 loggerhead and six green turtle nests the largest number of green turtle nests in the Sarasota area to date. Loggerhead nesting has declined and strandings have increased throughout Florida, possibly due to natural cycles or to increased human activities in the marine environment such as commercial fishing, discarded gear, or boat strikes. Turtles were also lost to disease and increased predation. With the receipt of a federal permit to take endangered or threatened species, researchers will begin an assessment of juvenile sea turtles in Charlotte Harbor. 14

CENTER FOR SHARK RESEARCH Robert E. Hueter, Ph.D., Director

High-Tech Shark Studies Groundbreaking studies of elasmobranchs sharks, skates, and rays in the wild using high-tech methods to track their movements highlighted the research activities of Mote Marine Laboratory s Center for Shark Research CSR in 2002. The CSR led the establishment of the National Shark Research Consortium, a coalition of four research institutions engaged in field and laboratory studies of sharks. As the coordinating institution, the CSR began work with the Virginia Institute of Marine Science, Moss Landing Marine Laboratories in California, and the University of Florida. With substantial new federal funding of research projects, the consortium partners launched new high-tech studies of shark biology, population status, and migration using, among other tools, the latest electronic and satellite tracking devices to follow shark movements and record data on their habitats. Acoustical transmitters were attached to blacktip sharks in Tampa Bay and to several shark species in Charlotte Harbor in an ongoing effort to determine habitat use and behavioral patterns. There was also major progress in CSR studies of sawfish whose numbers and range have shrunk alarmingly over the years. Sawfish carrying satellite pop-up tags and satellite positioning tags were released to help identify the movements of these huge, rare rays in Florida waters. At years end, preparations were being made to place sawfish on the U.S. Endangered Species List. Most of the technical information supporting this listing was provided by Mote CSR scientists. Studies of the exposure and effects of environmental pollutants on elasmobranch health were accelerated. Mote scientists tested tissue samples from commercially important shark species from several U.S. east coast estuaries to assess the levels of contamination that disrupt the endocrine system leading to the retardation of sexual development in males and egg production in females. Activity in the Centers Marine Biomedical Research and Immunology Programs continued to focus on research to characterize the active compounds in shark immune cells that inhibit the growth of mammalian tumor cell lines in collaboration with Moffitt Cancer Center Research Institute in Tampa, Florida. Altogether, 2002 was a successful year for shark research at Mote due to increased funding and expanded collaboration with other institutions engaged in studying these top-level marine predators that are threatened by human activities.

Corals face many threats including boat groundings, boat anchors, over-fishing and destructive fishing practices, marine debris, climate change, pollution run-off, and disease.

AQUARIUM Daniel F. Bebak, Director

New Exhibits Inspire Conservation Mote Aquarium never stops building new exhibits, and 2002 was no exception. The construction of Contact Cove, a brand-new touch tank, was completed, stocked with clams, various sea snails, horseshoe crabs, sea urchins and starfish, and opened to the public. The freshwater exhibit opposite the Sea Cinema was taken down for relocation and work started on another touch tank to be filled with tidal pool animals from the Pacific. Then, a wave tank, made to simulate the natural wave action in the shallows along the shore, was installed and filled with juvenile pompanos, sergeant majors, and other fish that use such areas as a nursery. But, perhaps, the most exciting exhibit was the new coral reef tank. This annual report is dedicated to the world s coral reefs, precisely because they have been declining amidst great concern for their future unless measures can be implemented to avoid further loss. The reef in the new coral reef tank was constructed to resemble real brain corals, star corals, wavy gorgonians and others and painted with the bright colors found on living reefs. The animals went in: red soldier fish with their large eyes, grammas, butterflyfish, cromis, and banded coral shrimp. A smaller coral reef tank will be installed later at eye-level for people confined to wheelchairs. The Aquarium management is also in charge of certain special projects. Under this aegis, the Immersion Cinema interactive theater was installed in the Goldstein Marine Mammal Center. Immersion cinemas use digital films shown on HDTV high definition television screens, and visitors interact by touching LCD liquid crystal display monitors in the seating area. In Mote s Immersion Cinema, the player can choose to be any animal in the food web from a sardine to a shark, and must move through the simulated sea to find food and avoid being eaten. Still another area of Aquarium responsibility is the Animal Care Program which embraces both marine mammals and sea turtles. 2002 was a busy year. Hugh and Buffett, the resident manatees, continued training for the behavioral research program. Juvenile Kemp s ridley sea turtles stranded on Cape Cod were treated and released. Ami, the pygmy sperm whale that was brought to Mote s Dolphin and Whale Hospital in January 2001 had gained and grown in length but sadly died on October 12 of a twisted intestine. Simone, an orphaned dwarf sperm whale that arrived in July 2002, was doing well. The medical staff is now able to provide in-house diagnostic microbiological analyses of live and dead marine mammals and sea turtles, adding to our growing body of knowledge.

Coral reefs protect shorelines by buffering them against wave action. Coastal communities throughout the world in regions where coral reefs are present might otherwise be destroyed by storms. 18

DOLPHIN & WHALE HOSPITAL SEA TURTLE REHABILITATION HOSPITAL Charles A. Manire, D.V.M., Manager

Advances in Marine Veterinary Medicine The rehabilitation of sick and injured dolphins, whales, and sea turtles that takes place at Mote s Dolphin and Whale Hospital and Sea Turtle Rehabilitation Hospital is an extended function of Mote Aquarium. The approach to this is best described as a research effort to benefit the populations of these animals in the wild. The hospital staff studies the animals basic biology, the diseases and conditions that affect them, and provides them with the best medical care possible. The current state of knowledge in marine veterinary medicine is very basic compared to other areas of veterinary medicine. Consequently, much of the veterinary care of marine animals consists of extrapolating information from other species that may or may not be related or even applicable. This means that many treatments may be tried that have never been used in the particular species before, hence, much of it is trial and error. However, this approach can lead to advancement in knowledge in many different forms. Some of the advances that have been made at Mote include the following: 1 a human hormone used in cancer patients works to resolve anemia in both cetaceans and sea turtles; 2 another human hormone used in HIV and cancer patients works to resolve a lack of white cell production in sea turtles; 3 many of the drugs commonly used in many species of animals have severe side effects in some species of cetaceans pygmy and dwarf sperm whales, in particular ; 4 the identification of a plant fungus, found to have killed a sea turtle, that has never been reported in any animal species; 5 the invention of a unique device for delivery of medication for esophageal ulcers in dolphins and whales, and many other lesser findings. In addition to these, simply determining normal blood values for rare species for which these values have never been determined is very helpful for future care. These findings have all either been published in peer-reviewed journals or presented at national and international conferences, so that they are made available to others working in the field around the world. Consequently, rehabilitation of sick and injured marine animals is the mission, but advancement in understanding is the goal that will benefit many more animals than are treated at Mote facilities and for years to come.

It has taken some of the most well developed reef systems thousands of years of growth to develop into today s thriving ecosystems.

EDUCATION Raymond L. Thacker, Ed.D., Director

Blue Ribbon Commitment The Education Division hosted the annual conference of the Florida Association of Science Teachers FAST at Mote Marine Laboratory. The conference theme was The Fine Art of Science and was attended by more than 800 state science teachers. The event showcased Mote to Florida s science educators and to attendee Lt. Gov. Frank Brogan who accepted a $177,000 check from ExxonMobil for the state science initiative Building a Presence. In September 2002, a Blue Ribbon Education Committee, composed of eminent scientists and educators, was convened at Mote to provide an outside look at the education and distance learning programs. One of the Committee s recommendations was the resumption of the Education Divisions professional development courses for teachers which had been discontinued for lack of funding. Based on that recommendation, Mote formed a partnership with the Endeavour Academy, a state-sponsored organization which funds and promotes teacher education. A series of eight weekend three days marine science programs was developed at Mote s main campus and at Summerland Key. Other education activities included field trips, tours, classes, and overnight programs for grades K-12 and also for scout troops. Mote s popular summer programs, Keys programs, and overnight programs were, as usual, rapidly filled. Mote staff judged local science fairs and the Laboratory was represented by education staff at the National Science Teacher s Association Convention in San Diego. Ongoing Marine Science Education programs continued for the Easter Seals/MARC programs for the disabled, the Sarasota School of Arts and Sciences, and Booker High School Environmental Science Academy. The popular Monday Night at Mote Lecture Series continued its high quality presentations to standing-room only audiences. The series was extended by one week in 2002. In February, Mote s Martin-Selby Education Center showed JASON Project XIII Frozen Worlds live via satellite technology to more than 4,000 students from Southwest Florida. Dr. Bob Ballard and his team traveled to Alaska to host the program. SeaTrek, Mote s Distance Learning Program, began work on curricula for two new projects: the Sarasota Bay National Estuary Program, and a manatee education project funded by the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission. A collaborative project with Brookfield Zoo in Chicago to develop a program on dolphin research continued to progress. Mote Marine Laboratory is well represented in professional education organizations. Division staff belong to and collaborate with the following associations: The National Science Teachers Association, The National Marine Education Association, The Florida Association of Science Teachers, and The Florida Marine Science Education Association.

In the Florida Keys alone, some experts estimate that coral reefs contribute $440 million annually to the economy as a result of tourism; specifically, recreational diving, sport fishing, and commercial fishing. 22

VOLUNTEERS & INTERNS Andrea S. Davis, Coordinator

A Contribution of Great Value The volunteers of Mote Marine Laboratory are a diverse group and their activities are just as varied, but what binds them is their shared desire to protect the environment and a willingness to serve. Volunteers help maintain and landscape the grounds, sort and dispose of recyclables, go out with the fishing boats to tag and measure fish and sharks, and feed the animals. Some conduct their own research, some serve on committees of the Board of Trustees, and many serve as our ambassadors to the public working as guides, greeters, cashiers, and gift shop personnel. They may sit up all night counting the breaths of a sick dolphin or spend an afternoon sorting lettuce for the manatees, and some travel the state with the Mote Mobile Exhibit. The Volunteer Board of Directors, composed of four officers and 19 committees, assists with the recruiting, training, and scheduling of volunteers. The committee members also present informative programs, publish a volunteer newsletter and serve as liaison between the volunteer corps and staff. In 2002, nearly 1,600 volunteers contributed more than 160,000 hours or the equivalent of 77 full-time employees. Indeed, the Laboratory would find it difficult to function without them. Mote s College Intern Program provides a wonderful opportunity for students to try out their chosen field of study with practical, hands-on experience in the field and laboratory. By assisting scientists in basic research procedures, the interns develop skills in sample collection and analysis, data processing, and report writing. Their experience at Mote Marine Laboratory frequently enables them to make informed decisions about their future career paths. In 2002, 102 interns participated in the College Intern Program. They came from all parts of the U.S. and from nine foreign countries. Nine deserving interns received scholarships from the Marjorie G. Gilbert and Louis S. Gilbert endowment fund in memory of volunteer Louis S. Gilbert.

According to NOAA, coral reefs are the foundation for a $1.2 billion tourism economy.

MOTE ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES, INC. Steve LeGore, Ph.D., President

Resource Management Mote Environmental Services MESI is a wholly-owned, for-profit subsidiary of Mote Marine Laboratory. MESI offers consulting services in resource management, focusing on the protection of marine ecosystems and their proper maintenance. This past year, MESI completed its work on the Florida Keys Carrying Capacity Study, in which a spatial model was created to assess the impact of mans development on natural resources. The study has important implications for management of the Keys marine environment, including its coral reefs. The draft model was reviewed by the National Academy of Sciences and accepted by the State of Florida. MESI was also engaged in an evaluation and characterization of the marine ornamental collection and trade industry in Puerto Rico. The industry engages in the capture and export of marine aquarium fish and invertebrates from coral, seagrass, mud flat, tidal pool, and mangrove habitats. This was the initial phase of a three-phased program to develop management strategies for this fishery. Phase II will consist of a two-year study of marine ornamental populations and fishery impacts. Management strategies and options will be developed in Phase III. Among MESI s Florida projects is a third party environmental assessment of a planned natural gas pipeline from the Bahamas to Florida. At the end of 2002, the routing of the pipeline was questioned, but these issues were resolved and the evaluation project will continue into 2003. The year 2002 marked the second year of MESI s three-year project in Armenia for the U.S. Agency for International Development USAID . The objective of MESI s part of this program is to guide reestablishment of surface water quantity and quality monitoring, which virtually ceased when the former Soviet Union collapsed. Monitoring plans were developed in 2002, laboratory refurbishment began, and equipment procurement was initiated. Field and laboratory training will begin once the equipment arrives in Armenia. MESI is also very active in the Association of Marine Laboratories of the Caribbean, with MESI s President, Dr. Steve LeGore, serving as the AMLC s pro bono Executive Director. The AMLC consists of almost 30 institutional members, including research laboratories, universities, and natural resource management agencies located throughout the Great Caribbean region.

When stressed, corals expel the algae that live within their tissues. This causes them to lose their color and take on a bleached appearance. If the source of the stress diminishes within a period of time and the algae is reacquired, the coral may survive. If the stressed state continues, the corals will die. 26

ADJUNCT SCIENTISTS

Filling the Gap Howard Anderson, D.V.M. Oviedo, FL Gordon B. Bauer, Ph.D. Division of Social Sciences, New College of Florida, Sarasota, FL Lee Blankenship Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Olympia, WA A.B. Bodine, Ph.D. Department of Animal & Veterinary Sciences Clemson University, Clemson, SC Jeffrey C. Carrier, Ph.D. Albion College, Albion, MI Michael Cushman, Ph.D. Punta Gorda, FL Ruth DeLynn Longboat Key, FL Leo Demski, Ph.D. Division of Natural Sciences New College of Florida, Sarasota, FL Terence J. Evans, Ph.D. USDA-ARS Southern Regional Research Center New Orleans, LA Gary Fahnenstiel, Ph.D. Norton Shores, MI Tom Fraser, Ph.D. W. Dexter Bender & Associates, Ft. Myers, FL Donald Fridshal, Ph.D. Sarasota, FL Scott M. Glenn, Ph.D. Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ Heidi E. Harley, Ph.D. Division of Social Sciences New College of Florida, Sarasota, FL Sasha Koulish, Ph.D. Sarasota, FL

Gary Litman, Ph.D. Department of Pediatrics, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, and USF Childrens Research Institute, St. Petersburg, FL David A. Mann, Ph.D. University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, FL William McLellan Biological Sciences and Center for Marine Sciences University of North Carolina at Wilmington, Wilmington, NC Paula M. Mikkelsen, Ph.D. Curator of Malacology, Department of Invertebrates American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY David F. Millie, Ph.D. Florida Institute of Oceanography, St. Petersburg, FL Jeanne Mortimer, Ph.D. Department of Zoology University of Florida, Gainesville, FL Philip J. Motta, Ph.D. Department of Biology University of South Florida, Tampa, FL R. Glenn Northcutt, Ph.D. Department of Neurosciences, Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA D. Ann Pabst, Ph.D. Biological Sciences and Center for Marine Sciences University of North Carolina at Wilmington, Wilmington, NC Esther C. Peters, Ph.D. Annandale, VA James A. Powell, Ph.D. Wildlife Trust, Sarasota, FL Harold Pratt NOAA/NMFS Northeast Fisheries Service Center Narragansett, RI

Gary Rodrick, Ph.D. University of Florida Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Gainesville, FL Sentiel A. Rommel, Ph.D. Florida Marine Research Institute, St. Petersburg, FL Clyde Roper, Ph.D. Department of Invertebrate Zoology National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC Michael Salmon, Ph.D. Department of Biological Sciences Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL Laela S. Sayigh, Ph.D. Biological Sciences and Center for Marine Science University of North Carolina at Wilmington, Wilmington, NC Oscar M.E. Schofield, Ph.D. Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ Clayton A. Smith, Ph.D. Department of Oncology and Medicine, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL Stephen Spotte, Ph.D. Longboat Key, FL Robert Thommes, Ph.D. Sarasota, FL Peter L.Tyack, Ph.D. Biology Department Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA Edward VanVleet, Ph.D. School of Marine Sciences University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, FL Aswani K.Volety, Ph.D. Florida Gulf Coast University, Division of Ecological Studies College of Arts and Sciences, Fort Myers, FL Jim Woods, Ph.D. Sarasota, FL Graham A.J. Worthy, Ph.D. University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL Jeanette Wyneken, Ph.D. Department of Biological Services Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL Seymour Zigman, Ph.D. Boston University Eye Research Lab Marine Biology Lab, Woods Hole, MA 27

ORGANIZATION As of August 2003

BOARD OF TRUSTEES

M. Monfort Runyan Chairman

EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR Dr. K. Mahadevan

Whoâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Who at Mote ADMINISTRATION DIVISION D.J. Smith Director and Chief Financial Officer Accounting D.J. Smith

Human Resources D.L. Chapman

Office K.K. Churchill

D.F. Bebak Director Animal Care Dr. C.A. Manire

Business L.S. Traxler

Library S.M. Stover

AQUARIUM & SPECIAL PROJECTS DIVISION

Aquarium R.K. Curlee Distance Learning/SeaTrek/ JASON Project E.K. Metz

Approximately one million of an estimated total nine million reef species have been identified to date.

Board Administration L.M. Franklin Executive Office D.M. Basso

COMMUNICATIONS DIVISION

DEVELOPMENT DIVISION

EDUCATION DIVISION

S. Costello Director

L. Breeze Director

Dr. R.L. Thacker Director

Design Services F.B. Keller

Facilities Rentals W. Yingling

Electronic Media J.L. Nickelson

Grants M.K. Hoover

Educational Programs J. Childers L. White

Marketing TBA

Major Donations C. Haworth

Public Relations TBA

Membership R. Cooper

Volunteers/Interns A.S. Davis

Special Events V.L. Wiese

VOLUNTEER BOARD OF DIRECTORS R.A. Johnson President

QUALITY ASSURANCE Dr. C.J. Walsh Officer

RESEARCH DIVISION Dr. K. Mahadevan, Director

ADVISORY COUNCIL S. Belack Chairman

FIELD STATIONS

FLORIDA KEYS ADVISORY BOARD

Charlotte Harbor Dr. E.D. Estevez

P. Rosasco Chairman

Florida Keys Dr. K. Mahadevan Mote Aquaculture Park P.T. Hull

CENTER FOR AQUCULTURE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

Dr. K.L. Main, Director Marine Aquaculture Research Program: Dr. K.L. Main Sturgeon Aquaculture Program: J. Michaels

CENTER FOR COASTAL ECOLOGY

Dr. E.D. Estevez, Director Benthic Ecology Program: J.K. Culter Chemical Ecology Program: L.K. Dixon Coastal Resources Program: Dr. E.D. Estevez Landscape Ecology Programs: Dr. B.D. Robbins

CENTER FOR CORAL REEF RESEARCH

E. Bartels, Interim Director Coral Biology Program: TBA

CENTER FOR ECOTOXICOLOGY

FACILITIES DIVISION

FLORIDA KEYS EDUCATION

D.A. Templeton Director

Dr. D. Gallagher Coordinator

Facilities & Grounds Maintenance D.H. Paetsch Fleets Maintenance C. MacTavish Safety & Security E.G. Stockton

INFORMATION SYSTEMS DIVISION

MARINE OPERATIONS DIVISION

Dr. D. Hayward Director

P.T. Hull Director

Special Programs H. Luciano

Animal Collections M.R. McLeod Large Animal Management D.A. Dougherty Research Charters D.A. Dougherty R.V. Eugenie Clark D.A. Dougherty

Dr. R.H. Pierce, Director Aquatic Toxicology Program: Dr. D.L. Wetzel Chemical Fate and Effects Program: M.S. Henry Environmental Health Program: Dr. B. Kirkpatrick Phytoplankton Ecology Program: Dr. G.J. Kirkpatrick

CENTER FOR FISHERIES ENHANCEMENT Dr. K.M. Leber, Director Fisheries Biology Program: K.M. Burns Fisheries Habitat Ecology Program: Dr. A.J. Adams Stock Enhancement Program: Dr. K.M. Leber

CENTER FOR MARINE MAMMAL AND SEATURTLE RESEARCH

Dr. R.S. Wells, Director Dolphin Research Program: Dr. R.S. Wells Manatee Research Program: Dr. J.E. Reynolds, III Sea Turtle Conservation & Research Program: J.J. Foote Sensory Biology and Behavior Program: Dr. W.N. Tavolga Stranding Investigations Program: Dr. N.B. Barros

CENTER FOR SHARK RESEARCH

Dr. R.E. Hueter, Director Elasmobranch Behavioral Ecology Program: Dr. M. Heupel Elasmobranch Fisheries & Conservation Biology Program: Dr. C. Simpfendorfer Elasmobranch Physiology & Environmental Biology Program: Dr. J. Gelsleichter Marine Biomedical Research Program: Dr. C.A. Luer Marine Immunology Program: Dr. C.J. Walsh Shark Biology Program: Dr. R.E. Hueter Dr. J.I. Castro, NMFS Researcher Dr. E. Clark, Eminent Scientist

FINANCE Dena J. Smith, Director/CFO

Keeping Track of the Dollars MOTE MARINE LABORATORY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES STATEMENTS OF CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL POSITION (Audited) December 31, 2002 and 2001 2001

2002

Assets Cash and cash equivalents Accounts receivable Research grants receivable Land receivable Pledges receivable Inventory Prepaid expenses and other assets Donated assets held for sale Investments Construction in progress Property and equipment, net Beneficial interest in the net assets of Mote Marine Foundation, Inc. Total Assets Liabilities and Net Assets Liabilities Accounts payable Accrued payroll Memberships relating to future periods Funds advanced on research programs Long-term debt Total liabilities Net Assets Unrestricted Temporarily restricted Permanently restricted Total net assets Total Liabilities and Net Assets

$2,435,657 165,808 1,068,963 130,000 290,200 151,516 65,849 83,200 307,975 156,868 14,700,853

$1,119,700 153,831 1,374,518 130,000 409,700 164,097 63,331 96,700 563,982 61,294 13,060,185

8,724,671 $28,281,560

9,055,721 $26,253,059

582,186 603,603 373,155 2,382,105 1,271,773 5,212,822

522,880 523,661 310,396 2,334,381 1,153,211 4,844,529

11,565,467 3,096,667 8,406,604 23,068,738 $28,281,560

10,463,469 3,677,428 7,267,633 21,408,530 $26,253,059

RESEARCH REVENUES 2001

2002

50.44%

26.92%

47.90%

22.64%

Federal

State

2000

$7,258,042

$9,413,183

18.10%

34.00% Other

1999

$4,825,431 32.20%

$4,118,615 21.47%

46.33%

42.04%

25.82%

32.14%

MOTE MARINE LABORATORY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES STATEMENTS OF CONSOLIDATED ACTIVITIES (Audited) Years Ended December 31, 2002 and 2001 Changes in Unrestricted Net Assets Program revenue Research grants Aquarium Admission fees Gift shop Other Memberships Education Other programs Contributions Donated assets Grants from Mote Marine Foundation, Inc. Investment income Unrealized loss on investments Realized gain (loss) on investments Realized loss on disposal of assets Net assets released from restrictions Total Unrestricted Revenues and Support Expenses Program services Research Education Aquarium Other Supporting services Administrative and general Fund raising Total expenses Increase in Unrestricted Net Assets Changes in Temporarily Restricted Net Assets Contributions for: Construction Education Aquarium Distance learning Research vessels Other programs Unrealized loss on investments Investment income Change in net assets of Mote Marine Foundation, Inc. Grant from Mote Marine Foundation, Inc. Net assets released from restrictions Decrease in Temporarily Restricted Net Assets

2002

2001

$9,413,183

$7,258,042

1,981,099 1,054,085 148,658 648,500 150,723 218,223 552,265 69,608 373,150 22,822 (75,061) 1,526 (700) 1,543,751 16,101,832

2,052,865 1,140,185 155,611 598,894 154,595 286,639 629,968 126,459 548,229 38,206 (50,049) (1,444) (17,779) 1,644,280 14,564,701

8,628,888 457,950 2,845,383 650,662

6,888,475 532,368 2,767,389 559,072

1,634,541 782,410 14,999,834 1,101,998

1,960,332 815,602 13,523,238 1,041,463

REVENUES 2002

$16,991,092** Mote Foundation Grants and Investment income (2.22%) Unrestricted Contributions (3.66%) Education, Distance Learning & Other (6.25%)

Memberships (3.82%) Aquarium (20.09%)

Restricted Contributions (8.56%)

Research (55.40%)

EXPENSES & NET ASSETS 2002

$16,991,092**

Fund raising (4.60%) Operations/G&A (9.62%)

Aquarium (16.75%)

Education & Other (6.52%)

1,019,932 116,192 229,623 577,113 96,141 116,429 (18,367) 11,998 (1,230,021) 43,950 (1,543,751) (580,761)

660,952 134,582 290,361 334,395 244,115 165,618 (42,651) 7,365 (1,233,641) 119,811 (1,644,280) (963,373)

Changes in Permanently Restricted Net Assets Contributions for Cultural endowment fund 240,000 Change in net assets of Mote Marine Foundation, Inc. 898,971 Increase (decrease) in permanently restricted net assets 1,138,971 Increase in net assets 1,660,208 Net assets at beginning of year 21,408,530 Net Assets at End of Year $23,068,738

(41,261) (41,261) 36,829 21,371,701 $21,408,530

*Increase in Net Assets (11.72%) Research: Direct & Indirect (50.78%) Expenses $14,999,834 * Includes construction, property and equipment ** Does not include change in Net Assets of Mote Marine Foundation

PUBLISHING

Sharing the Science Adams, A.J. and J.P. Ebersole. Processes influencing recruitment inferred from distributions of coral reef fishes. Bulletin of Marine Science. In press. Adams, A.J. and J.P. Ebersole. Resistance of coral reef fishes of back-reef and lagoon habitats to a hurricane. Bulletin of Marine Science. Submitted. Adams, A.J., J.V. Locascio, and B.D. Robbins. Microhabit at use by post-settlement stage estuarine fish: Evidence from distribution and relative predation among habitats. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology. Submitted. Adams, A.J., R.J. Miller, and J.P. Ebersole. Tethers make juvenile surgeonfish Acanthurus bahianus and A. chirugus vulnerable to attacks by benthic invertebrates. Bulletin of Marine Science. Submitted. Ames, A.L., E.S. VanVleet, and J.E. Reynolds, III. 2002. Comparison of lipids in selected tissues of the Florida manatee Order Sirenia and bottlenose dolphin Order Cetacea; Suborder Odontoceti . Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B. 132:625-634. Anderson, T.W., C.T. Bartels, M.A. Hixon, E. Bartels, M.H. Carr, and J.M. Shenker. 2002. Current velocity and catch efficiency in sampling settlement-stage larvae of coral-reef fishes. Fisheries Bulletin. 100 3 :404-413. Anderson, M.K., A.L. Miracle, X. Sun, C.A. Luer, C.J. Walsh, E.V. Rothenberg, and G.W. Litman. Early vertebrate origins of lymphocyte developmental regulatory pathways. Journal of Immunology. Submitted. Barros, N.B. and M.R. Clarke. 2002. Diet of marine mammals. p. 323-327 In: Perrin, W.F., B. Wuersig, and H.G.M. Thewissen eds. Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals. Academic Press, San Diego, CA. Barros, N.B., T.A. Jefferson, and E.C.M. Parsons. 2002. Food habits of finless porpoises Neophocaena phocaenoides inHong Kong waters. Ruffles Bulletin of Zoology Singapore Supplement. 10:115-123. Bartley, D.M. and K.M. Leber. 2002. Case studies in marine ranching. Leber, K.M. and D.M. Bartley eds. Fishery Technical Paper. No. 429. Food and Agricultural Organization, Rome, Italy.

Bauer, G.B., D.E. Colbert, W. Fellner, J.C. Gaspard, and B. Littlefield. Underwater visual acuity of two Florida manatees Trichechus manatus latirostris. . International Journal of Experimental Psychology. In press.

The following papers were published, accepted for publication, or submitted to scientific peer-reviewed publications in 2002. Boese, B.L., K. Alayan, E. Gooch, and B.D. Robbins. Desiccation index: A direct measure of the effects of tidal exposure on eelgrass Zostera marina in an Oregon estuary. Marine Ecology Progress Series. In press. Bossart, G.D., R.Y. Ewing, M. Lowe, M. Sweat, S.J. Decker, C.J. Walsh, S.J Ghim, and A.B. Jenson. 2002. Viral papillomatosis in Florida manatees Trichechus manatus latirostris . Experimental and Molecular Pathology. 72 1 3:7-48. Bradley, W.G. and J.E. Reynolds, III. 2002. Isolation, cloning, sequencing and expression of marine mammal interleukin-2 p. 300-312 In: C.J. Pfeiffer ed. Molecular and Cell Biology of Marine Mammals, Krieger Publishing Company, Melbourne, FL. Brennan, N.P., J.M. Ransier, H.L. Blankenship, R. DeBruler, Jr., and K.M. Leber. Adapting tag technology for stock enhancement of the common snook, Centropomus undecimalus. North American Journal of Fisheries Management. Submitted. Chivers, S.J., R.G. LeDuc, K.M. Robertson, N.B. Barros, and A.E. Dizon. Molecular genetics of pygmy and dwarf sperm whales genus Kogia suggest a new phylogenetic species. Journal of Mammalogy. In review. Conrath, C.L., J. Gelsleichter, and J.A. Musick. 2002. Age and growth of the smooth dogfish, Mustelus canis, in the northwest Atlantic Ocean. Fishery Bulletin. 100:674-682. Cunningham-Smith, P., D.R. Smith, H.L. Rhinehart, and C.A. Manire. Saving Ami: Using operant conditioning techniques to raise an orphaned pygmy sperm whale calf Kogia breviceps . Soundings. In press. Dill, L.M., M.R. Heithaus, and C.J. Walters. Behaviorallymediated indirect species interactions in marine communities and their importance to conservation and management. Ecology. In press. Duffield, D.A. and R.S. Wells. 2002. The molecular profile of a resident community of bottlenose dolphins, Tursiops truncatus. p. 3-11 In: C.J. Pfeiffer ed. Molecular and Cell Biology of Marine Mammals. Krieger Publishing Company, Melbourne, FL.

Duffield, D.A., N.B. Barros, E.O. Espinosa, S. Ploen, S.M.D. Gulland, and J.E. Heyning. 2003. Identifying pygmy and dwarf sperm whales genus Kogia using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry of myoglobin an hemoglobin. Marine Mammal Science. 19 3 .In press. Estevez, E.D. 2002. Review and assessment of biotic variables and analytical methods used in estuarine inflow studies. Estuaries. 25 6B :1291-1303. Estevez, E.D., J. Sprinkel, and R.A. Mattison. 2002. Responses of Suwannee River tidal SAV to ENSO-controlled climate variability. In: H.S. Greening ed. Seagrass Management: Its Not Just Nutrients. Symposium Proceedings, St. Petersburg, Florida, August 22-24, 2002. Tampa Bay Estuary Program, 246 p. Fauquier, D., F. Gulland, M. Haulena, and T. Spraker. Biliary adenocarcinoma in a stranded northern elephant seal Mirounga angustirostris . Journal of Wildlife Diseases. In press. Fertl, D., A.M. Landry, and N.B. Barros. 2002. Sharksucker Echeneis naucrates on a bottlenose dolphin Tursiops truncatus from Sarasota Bay, Florida, and a review of other remoracetacean associations in the Gulf of Mexico. Gulf of Mexico Science. 2002 2 :151-152. Frid, A., M.R. Heithaus, and L.M. Dill. Sea turtles modify diving behavior in response to tiger shark predation risk. Animal Behavior. In review. Frisch, K., B.B. Ackerman, R.S. Wells, J.B. Allen, J.E. Reynolds, III, and M.A. Baran. Marine mammals. In: Pringle, J.R., H. Greening, and A.J. Janicki eds. Tampa Bay Baywide Environmental Monitoring Report. Tampa Bay Environmental Monitoring Groups. Technical Report #06-02 of the Tampa Bay Estuary Program. In press. Gelsleichter, J., B.G. Steinetz, C.A. Manire, and C. Ange. Serum relaxin concentrations and reproduction in male bonnethead sharks, Sphyrna tiburo. General and Comparative Endocrinology. In press. Gelsleichter, J., L.E.L. Rasmussen, C.A. Manire, J. Tyminski, B. Change, and L. Lombardi-Carlson. Serum steroid concentrations and development of the reproductive system during puberty in male bonnethead sharks, Sphyrna tiburo. Journal of Endocrinology. In review. Griffin, R.B. and N.J. Griffin. Distribution, habitat partitioning and abundance of Atlantic spotted dolphins, bottlenose dolphins, and sea turtles on the eastern Gulf of Mexico continental shelf. Gulf of Mexico Science. In press.

Heithaus, M.R. Fish communities of seagrass meadows and associated habitats in Shark Bay, Western Australia. Bulletin of Marine Science. In review. Heithaus, M.R. A trade-off between prey abundance and predation risk influence habitat use by a marine bird. Marine Biology. In review. Heithaus, M.R. and L.M. Dill. 2002. Feeding tactics and strategies. p. 412-422 In: Perrin, W.F., B. Wursig, and H.G.M. Thewissen eds. The Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals. Academic Press. Heithaus, M.R. and L.M. Dill. 2002. Food availability and tiger shark predation risk influence bottlenose dolphin habitat use. Ecology. 83:480-491. Heithaus, M.R. and A. Frid. 2002. Species and sex-class differences in shark-inflicted injury frequencies, escape ability, and habitat use of green and loggerhead turtles. Marine Biology. 140:229-236. Heithaus, M.R. and A. Frid. Optimal diving under the risk of predation. Journal of Theoretical Biology. In review. Heithaus, M.R., L.M. Dill, G.J. Marshall, and B. Buhleier. 2002. Habitat use and foraging behavior of tiger sharks Galeocerdo cuvier in a seagrass ecosystem. Marine Biology 140:237-248. Heithaus, M.R., J.M.. McLash, A. Frid, L.M. Dill, and G.J. Marshall. Novel insights into the behavior of sea turtles from animal-borne cameras. Journal of the Marine Biological Association UK. In review. Hill, M.L., L.S. Sayigh, and R.S. Wells. Signature whistle production in undisturbed free-ranging bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus . Animal Behavior. Submitted. Heupel, M.R. and R.E. Hueter. 2002. Importance of prey density in relation to the movement patterns of juvenile blacktip sharks Carcharhinus limbatus within a coastal nursery area. Marine and Freshwater Research. 53:543-550. Heupel, M.R. and C.A. Simpfendorfer. 2002. Estimation of survival and mortality of juvenile blacktip sharks, Carcharhinus limbatus, within a nursery area based on telemetry data. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. 59:624-632. Heupel, M.R. and C.A. Simpfendorfer. Intra-specific interactions between juvenile sharks within a nursery area. Marine Biology. Submitted. Heupel, M.R., C.A. Simpfendorfer, and R.E. Hueter. Estimation of shark home ranges using passive monitoring techniques. Environmental Biology of Fishes. In review.

Hu, C., F.E. Muller-Karger, Z. Lee, K.L. Carder, B. Roberts, J.J. Walsh, C. Heil, P.G. Coble, K. Steidinger, G. McRae, R.H. Weisberg, R. He, E. Johns, T. Lee, B. Keller, N. Kuring, J. Cannizzaro, J. Ivey, G.A. Vargo, R.G. Zepp, J. Boyer, R. Jones, G. Kirkpatrick, R.P. Stumpf, E. Bartels, E. Mueller, R. Pierce, J. Culter, and J. Hunt. 2002. Satellite images track black water event off Florida coast. EOS. 83 26 :281-285. Hueter, R.E. and C.A. Simpfendorfer. Trends in blue shark abundance in the western North Atlantic as determined by a fishery-independent survey. Sharks of the Open Ocean. In press. Hueter, R.E., M.R. Heupel, E.J. Heist, and D.B. Keeney. The implications of philopatry in sharks for the management of shark fisheries. Journal of Northwest Atlantic Fishery Science. In review. Hueter, R.E., M.R. Heupel, E.J. Heist, and D.B. Keeney. 2002. The implications of philopatry in sharks for the management of shark fisheries. Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organization Research Document. SCR Doc. 02/122:1-9. Kirkpatrick, B.A., R. Hautamaki, T. Kane, and M. Henry. 2002. A pilot study to explore the occupational exposure to Gymnodinium brevetoxin and pulmonary function. Harmful Algal Blooms 2000, Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Harmful Algal Blooms. IOC of UNESCO, Paris, 2001. p. 447-450. Kirkpatrick, B., L.E. Fleming, D. Squicciarini, L. Backer, R. Clark, W. Abraham, J. Benson, Y. Cheng, D. Johnson, R.H. Pierce, J. Zaias, G. Bossart, and D. Baden. Literature review of Florida red tide: Implications for human health effects. Harmful Algae. In press. Koulish, S., C.R. Kramer, and H.J. Grier. 2002. Organization of the male gonad in a protogynous fish, Thalassoma bifasciatum Teleostei: Labridae . Journal of Morphology. 254:292-311 Leber, K.M. 2002. Advances in marine stock enhancement: Shifting emphasis to theory and accountability. p 79-90 In: Stickney, R.R. and J.P. McVey eds. Responsible Marine Aquaculture CABI Publishing, New York.

PUBLISHING continued Leber, K.M. Summary of case studies of the effectiveness of stocking aquacultured fishes and invertebrates to replenish and enhance coastal fisheries. In: Bartley, D.M. and K.M. Leber eds. Fishery Technical Paper No 429. Food and Agricultural Organization, Rome, Italy. In press. Manire, C.A., L.E.L. Rasmussen, J. Gelsleichter, and D.L. Hess. Maternal serum and yolk hormone concentration in the bonnethead shark, Sphyrna tiburo. General and Comparative Endocrinology. Submitted. Manire, C.A., L. Byrd, H.L. Rhinehart, P. Cunningham-Smith, and D.R. Smith. 2002. Subacute atropine toxicity in a pygmy sperm whale, Kogia breviceps. Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine. 33:66-72. Manire, C.A., H.L. Rhinehart, G.J. Pennick, D.A. Sutton, R. Hunter, and M.G. Rinaldi. Steady-state plasma concentrations of itraconazole following oral administration in Kemp s ridley sea turtles, Lepidochelys kempi. Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine. In press. Manire, C.A., C.J. Walsh, H.L. Rhinehart, D.E. Colbert, D.R. Noyes, and C.A. Luer. Alterations in blood and urine parameters in Florida manatees, Trichechus manatus latirostris, from simulated conditions of release following rehabilitation. Journal of Zoo Biology. In press. Manire, C.A., R. Weeren, H. Rhinehart, P. Cunningham-Smith, D. Smith, and A. Jacks. 2002. Induction of egg laying and repair of a plastron fracture during rehabilitation of a loggerhead turtle. Proceedings of the Twentieth Annual Symposium on Sea Turtle Biology and Conservation. NOAA Tech Memorandum NMFS-SEFSC-477. p. 116. Manire, C.A., D.A. Sutton, H.L. Rhinehart, J.D. Buck, E.H. Thompson, M.G. Rinaldi, and E. Jacobson. 2002. Disseminated mycotic infection caused by Colletotrichum acutatum in a Kemp s ridley sea turtle Lepidochelys kempi . Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 40:4273-4280. Mann, J., L.M. Barre, R.C. Connor, and M.R. Heithaus. Female-biased investment by bottlenose dolphin mothers. Nature. In review. Marsh, H., P. Arnold, M. Freeman, D. Haynes, A. Read, J.E. Reynolds, III, and T. Kasuya. 2002. Strategies for conserving marine mammals. In: Gales, N. and M. Hindell eds. Marine Mammals and Humans: Towards a Sustainable Balance. Melbourne University Press,Melbourne, Australia. 34

Meagher, E.M., W.A. McLellan, A.J. Westgate, R.S. Wells, D. Frierson, Jr., and D.A. Pabst. 2002. The relationship between heat flow and vasculature in the dorsal fin of wild bottlenose dolphins, Tursiops truncatus. Journal of Experimental Biology. 205:3475-3486. Miller, R.J., N. Ogden, A.J. Adams, J.P. Ebersole. Diadema antillarum 17 years after mass mortality: Is recovery beginning on St. Croix? Coral Reefs. In press. Motta, P.J., R.E. Hueter, T.C. Tricas, and A.P. Summers. 2002. Kinematic analysis of suction feeding in the nurse shark, Ginglymostoma cirratum Orectolobiformes, Ginglymostomatidae . Copeia. 2002:24-38. Nichols, S., J. Gelsleichter, C.A. Manire, and G.M. Cailliet. Calcitonin-like immunoreactivity in serum and tissues of the bonnethead shark, Sphyrna tiburo. Journal of Experimental Zoology. In review. Noren, S.R., G. Lacave, R.S. Wells, and T.M. Williams. 2002. The development of blood oxygen stores in bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus ;Implications for diving capacity. Journal of Zoology. 258:105-113. Nowacek, D.P., B.M. Casper, R.S. Wells, S.M. Nowacek, and D.A. Mann. Intraspecific and geographic variation of West Indian manatee Trichechus manatus spp. vocalizations. Journal of Acoustical Society of America. In press. Nowacek, S.M., R.S. Wells, D.P. Nowacek, E.C.G. Owen, T.R. Speakman, and R.O. Flamm. Manatee behavioral responses to vessel approaches. Marine Mammal Science. Submitted. Owen, E.C.G., S. Hofmann, and R.S. Wells. 2002. Ranging and social association patterns of paired and unpaired adult male bottlenose dolphins, Tursiops truncatus, in Sarasota, Florida, provide no evidence for alternative male strategies. Canadian Journal of Zoology. 80:2072-2089. Patterson, K.L., J.W. Porter, K.B. Ritchie, S.W. Polson, E.M. Mueller, E.C. Peters, D.L. Santavy, and G.W. Smith. 2002. The etiology of white pox, a lethal disease of the Caribbean elkhorn coral, Acropora palmata. Proceedings from the National Academies of Sciences. 99:8725-8730. Pierce, R.H. and G.J. Kirkpatrick. 2002. Innovative techniques for harmful algal toxin analysis. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry Journal. 20 1 :107-114. Pierce, R.H., D.L. Wetzel, and E.D. Estevez. Charlotte Harbor Initiative: Assessing the ecological health of Southwest Florida s Charlotte Harbor estuary. Ecotoxicology. Submitted. Pierce, R.H., M.S. Henry, J. Lyons, G.E. Rodrick, P. Aaronson, and T.A. Leighfield. 2003. Comparison of red tide toxin reduction in clams using ozone purification and relay cleansing. Journal of Shellfish Research. In press.

Pierce, R.H., M.S. Henry, P.C. Blum, J. Lyons, Y.S. Cheng, D. Yazzie, and Y. Zhou. 2003. Brevetoxin concentrations in marine aerosol: Human exposure levels during a Karenia brevis harmful algal bloom. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. 70 2. In press. Pringle, L. and R.S. Wells. 2002. Dolphin Man: Exploring the World of Dolphins. Boyds Mills Press, Honesdale, PA. 42 p. revised and reprinted from 1995 volume . Reynolds, J.E., III. Mysterious Manatees. University Press of Florida, Gainesville. In press. Reynolds, J.E., III, and R.S. Wells. Dolphins, Whales, and Manatees of Florida: A Guide to Sharing Their World. University Press of Florida. In press. Rhinehart, H.L., C.A. Manire, L. Byrd, and M.M.Garner. Use of Filgrastim hG-CSF in a green sea turtle, Chelonia mydas. Journal of Herpetological Medicine and Surgery. Submitted. Robbins, B.D., M.S. Fonseca, P. Whitfield, and P. Clinton. 2002. Use of a wave exposure technique for predicting distribution and ecological characteristics of seagrass ecosystems. In: Proceedings: Seagrass Management: It sNot Just Nutrients. October 6, 2000. Robbins, B.D. and B.L. Boese. 2002. Macroalgae volume: A surrogate for biomass. Botanica Marina. 45:586-588. Rommel, S.A., D.A. Pabst, W.A. McLellan, C.A. Manire, D. Colbert, and D.D. Murphy. An intra-abdominal equivalent of the scrotum in the Florida manatee? Science. Submitted. Sasko, D.E., R.E. Hueter, and P.J. Motta. Prey capture behavior and kinematics of the Atlantic cownose ray, Rhinoptera bonasus. Copeia. In review. Sayigh, L.S., L.E. Williams, R.S. Wells, and A.A. Hohn. Modifications of signature whistles in adult female bottlenose dolphins. Animal Behavior. Submitted. Schwacke, L.H., E.O. Voit, L.J. Hansen, R.S. Wells, G.B. Mitchum, A.A. Hohn, and P.A. Fair. 2002. Probabilistic risk assessment of reproductive effects of polychlorinated biphenyls on bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus from the southeast United States coast. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. 21 12 :2752-2764.

Sellas, A.B. 2002. Population structure and group relatedness of bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus in the coastal Gulf of Mexico using mitochondrial DNA and nuclear microsatellite markers. M. Sc. Thesis, University of California, Santa Cruz. Simpfendorfer, C.A., 2002. Smalltooth sawfish: The USAs first endangered elasmobranch? Endangered Species Update. 19:45-49. Simpfendorfer, C.A., A.M. Kitchingman, and R.B. McAuley. 2002. Distribution, biology and fishery importance of the pencil shark, Hypogaleus hyugaensis Elasmobranchii: Triakidae , in the waters off south-western Australia. Marine and Freshwater Research. 53:781-789. Simpfendorfer, C.A., M.R. Heupel, and R.E. Hueter. 2002. Estimation of short-term centers of activity from an array of omnidirectional hydrophones and its use in studying animal movements. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. 59:23-32. Simpfendorfer, C.A., R.E. Hueter, U. Bergman, and S.M.H. Connett. 2002. Results of a fishery-independent survey for pelagic sharks in the western North Atlantic, 1977-1994. Fisheries Research. 55:175-192. Simpfendorfer, C.A., R,B. McAuley, J. Chidlow, and P. Unsworth. 2002. Age and growth of the dusky shark, Carcharhinus obscurus, from Western Australian waters. Marine and Freshwater Research. 53:567-573. Stolen, M.K., D.K. Odell, and N.B. Barros. 2002. A growth model for bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus from the Indian River Lagoon system, east Florida. Marine Mammal Science. 18:348-357. Stover, S.M. compiler . 2002. Collected Papers of Mote Marine Laboratory Volume 13, 1997-1999. Urian, K.W., R. S. Wells, and A.J. Read. Community structure of bottlenose dolphins in Tampa Bay, FL USA. Marine Ecology Progress Series. Submitted. Walsh, J.J., R.H. Weisberg, D.A. Dieterle, R.H., B.P. Darrow, J.K. Jolliff, K.M. Lester, G.A. Vargo, G.J. Kirkpatrick, K.A. Fanning, T.T. Sutton, A.E. Jochens, D.C. Biggs, B. Nababan, C. Hu, and F.E. Muller-Karger. The phytoplankton response to intrusions of slope water on the West Florida shelf: models and observations. Journal of Geophysical Research Submitted. Walsh, C. J. and C.A. Luer. 2003. Elasmobranch hematology: Identification of cell types and practical applications. In: Smith M. and D. Warmolts, eds. Elasmobranch Husbandry Manual. Ohio Biological Survey, Publishers, OH. In press.

Walsh, C.J., C.A. Luer, J.T. Wyffels, and A.B. Bodine. 2002. Dexamethasone-induced apoptosis in immune cells from peripheral circulation and lymphomyeloid tissues of juvenile clearnose skates, Raja eglanteria. Developmental and Comparative Immunology. 26:629-639. Wells, R.S. Dolphin social complexity: Lessons from long-term study and life history. p. 32-56 In: de Waal, F.B.M. and P.L. Tyack eds. Animal Social Complexity: Intelligence, Culture, and Individualized Societies. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA. In press. Wells, R.S. 2002. Identification methods. p.601-608 In: Perrin, W.F., B. W rsig, and J.G.M. Thewissen eds. Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals. Academic Press, San Diego, CA. Wells, R.S. and M.D. Scott. 2002. Bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus and T. aduncus . p. 122-128 In: Perrin, W.F., B. W rsig, and J.G.M. Thewissen eds. Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals. Academic Press, San Diego, CA. Wells, R.S., H.L. Rhinehart, L.J. Hansen, J.C. Sweeney, F.I. Townsend, R. Stone, D. Casper, M.D. Scott, A.A. Hohn, and T.K. Rowles. Bottlenose dolphins as marine ecosystem sentinels: Developing a health monitoring system. Ecology and Health. In press. Wetzel, D.L. and E.S. VanVleet. Persistence of petroleum hydrocarbon contamination in sediments of the canals in Venice, Italy: 1995 and 1998. Marine Pollution Bulletin. In press. Wright, I.E., J.E. Reynolds, III, B.B. Ackerman, L.I. Ward, B.L. Weigle, and W.A. Szelistowski. 2002. Trends in manatee Trichechus manatus latirostris conservation. Marine Mammal Science. 18 1 :259-274. Wells, R.S. Bottlenose dolphin conservation based on long-term behavior, ecology, life history, and health research. University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, FL, January 25. Wells, R.S. Bottlenose dolphins and human interactions. NMFS Southeast Regional Office, St. Petersburg, FL, April 19.

A coral polyp or coral animal is generally about the size of an eraser on a pencil and feeds using tentacles to catch plankton and other suspended food particles. 35

ADVISORS, PARTNERSHIPS & AFFILIATIONS

Proud of Our Connections ADVISORS

Advisory Council of Sarasota Richard Appell, Jr. Charles Baumann Daniel Bechtold Steve Belack, Chairman Veronica Brady Sandra Buchanan Chad Ciaravella G. James Creighton Kurt Deibel, Ph.D. George Dramis Dick O. Donegan L. Stephens Doster Stephen Ellis Ted Ewing Donald Featherman Arnold Fein Joan Galvin John Hager Virginia Haley Edward Hamilton, M.D. James Henry Trevor Hind Trammell Hudson

Corals belong to a group of animals classiffied as cnidarians. Other cnidarians include jellyfish and anemones.

Brad Goddard Richard Kermode Bryan Langton Barbara Levin Christopher Likens Jean Martin Lelah Marzi R. Jackson McGill Steven Meier Michael Melnick Robert Messick Susan Morin Craig Morrison G. Lowe Morrison Andrew Neitlich Mollie Nelson David Nicholas J. Terry Petrella, M.D. James Pullen Bill Roche Gary Rogers Norman Vaughan-Birch Beth Waskom Robert Windom, M.D.

Keys Advisory Board John Bohatch MaryLee Bussard Bob Cerkleski George Craig Curt Douglas Bruce Frerer Cloann Garrison Wilhelmina Harvey George Neugent George Nyman David Paul Horan John E. Pether Dean Rollings Peter Rosasco, Chairman Phil Shannon Jay Stackig Karlton Stein, D.V.M. Ed Swift, Sr. Robert Tracy B.J. Witt Charles Yentsch, Ph.D. Clarice Yentsch, Ph.D. Tony Zirilli

PARTNERSHIPS Mote s continuing growth is reflected in an increasing number of cooperative ventures. The depth and scope of the Laboratory s research has been greatly enhanced by our partnerships and collaborations with state and federal agencies, private organizations, school systems, universities, and consortiums local, national and worldwide. Booker High School Environmental Academy Sarasota, FL Chicago Zoological Society Brookfield Zoo, IL Clemson University SC Duke University MarineLab NC Easter Seal/MARC Southwest Florida Sarasota, FL Eckerd College St. Petersburg, FL The Endeavour Academy FL The Florida Aquarium Tampa, FL Florida Department of Environmental Protection Charlotte Harbor Aquatic and State Buffer Preserve Florida Gulf Coast University Ft. Myers, FL Florida Institute of Oceanography St. Petersburg, FL Florida Institute of Technology Melbourne,FL Florida International University Miami, FL Florida State University Tallahassee, FL FWC Florida Marine Research Institute Charlotte Harbor, Florida Keys, St. Petersburg, Stock Enhancement Research Facility at Port Manatee, FL Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission Tallahassee, FL Georgia Aquarium Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution FL Harvard University MA Hubbs-Sea World Research Institute CA,FL Instituto Nacional de la Pesca Mexico Iowa State University Manatee County School Board FL Massachusetts Institute of Technology Milford Laboratory CT H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute Tampa, FL Moss Landing Marine Laboratories CA

Mystic Aquariums Institute for Exploration CT NASA Kennedy Space Center National Marine Fisheries Service-Galveston Laboratory TX National Marine Fisheries Service-Manchester Research Station WA National Marine Fisheries Service-Northwest Fisheries Science Center WA National Marine Fisheries Service-Office of Protected Resources MD National Marine Fisheries Service-Panama City Laboratory FL National Marine Fisheries Service-Southeast Fisheries Science Center FL National Marine Fisheries Service-Southwest Fisheries Science Center CA New College of Florida Sarasota, FL Northwest Marine Technology WA The Oceanic Institute HI Perry Marine Institute Bahamas Pier Wisconsin The Pigeon Key Foundation Florida Keys Randell Research Center-Florida Museum of Natural History Pineland, FL Rutgers University NJ Sarasota Bay National Estuary Program Sarasota County School Board Sarasota School of Arts & Sciences Sea Mammal Research Unit Scotland Selby Botanical Gardens Sarasota, FL The Snook Foundation Sarasota, FL Solutions to Avoid Red Tide Sarasota, FL South Carolina Department of Natural Resources Southern Illinois University State of Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife Texas A&M University at Corpus Christi Texas Parks and Wildlife Department Turneffe Atoll Conservation Foundation Belize U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Washington,DC U.S. Food and Drug Administration Washington,DC U.S. Geological Survey Washington,DC Universidad Autonoma de Baja CaliforniaSur Mexico University of British Columbia Canada

University of California at Santa Cruz University of Florida University of Guelph Ontario, Canada University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute s Center of Marine Biotechnology University of Massachusetts Boston University of New Hampshire University of North Carolina at Wilmington University of South Florida, Biology Department Tampa,FL University of South Florida, School of Marine Science St. Petersburg, FL University of Southern Mississippi s Institute for Marine Science Gulf Coast Research Laboratory University of Stirling Scotland Virginia Institute of Marine Science Weber State University Utah Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution MA

AFFILIATIONS Mote Aquarium is a member of and accredited by: • American Association of Museums • American Zoo and Aquarium Association Mote Aquarium is a member of: • Florida Association of Museums • Florida Museum Store Association Mote Marine Laboratory is a member of: • Association of Marine Laboratories of the Caribbean • Chambers of Commerce of Anna Maria, Longboat Key, Manatee, Siesta Key, Sarasota, and Venice • City Island Leaseholders Association • Florida Academy of Sciences • Florida Institute of Oceanography • Florida Ocean Alliance • Florida Sea Grant • National Association of Marine Laboratories • The Ocean Project • The Oceanography Society • St. Armand s Circle Association • Science and Environmental Council of Sarasota County • Southern Association of Marine Laboratories

DONORS

Grateful for Their Support We express our heartfelt thanks to our good friends for their unfailing support. Mote is not, nor should be, anyone s favorite charity. On the contrary, it is not a charity at all, but an investment in our collective future. To invest in something is to own it. Your ownership is an asset which keeps good science alive for the benefit of generations to come. The following donors contributed $500 or more in 2002.

$100,000 AND ABOVE City of Sarasota Conch Republic Seafood Company Mr. and Mrs. Alfred Goldstein Keating Family Foundation The Kresge Foundation Myra H. Monfort Mote Scientific Foundation The New Amsterdam Charitable Foundation William G. Selby and Marie Selby Foundation Mr. and Mrs. A.H. Chip Shotwell State of Florida

$25,000 AND ABOVE Amicus Foundation, Inc. Anonymous Anonymous Mr. and Mrs. Joe Berkely Conch Farm-Research & Education Foundation Walt Disney World Genova Products Jones Christian Foundation Mr. and Mrs. Michael T. Martin Raymond E. Mason Foundation Mr. and Mrs. Mike B. McKee John Rutledge Sarasota Ford WWSB-TV 40

$5,000 AND ABOVE ALLTEL Communications American Honda Motor Co., Inc. Scott B. and Annie P. Appleby Trust Gerald Baker Bank of America, N.A. Client Foundation Mr. and Mrs. Kenneth Barr The Vernal W. & Florence H. Bates Foundation Frank Brunckhorst Karen Burns MaryLee Bussard Mickey Callanen George Cambria Mike Carter Construction CFC Dr. Eugenie Clark Coletta s Microscopes The Colony Beach and Tennis Resort Continental Airlines Frederick Derr & Company, Inc. Dick Dickinson Dolphin Aviation, Inc. Jane Ebbs Mr. and Mrs. John Enander FCCI/FEISCO The B & SD Friedland Foundation Inc.

Susan Gilmore-Clarke Peter R. Gimbel and Elga Andersen-Gimbel Memorial Trust Judy Graham Wilhelmina Harvey W. Frank Hurlburt The Mark and Carol Hyman Fund Levin, Tannenbau, Wolff, Band, Gates and Pugh Curtis W. Miles Charitable Trust Virginia Miller Kenneth & Myra Monfort Charitable Foundation, Inc. Monfort Family Foundation Patrick K. Neal & Associates, Inc. Mr. and Mrs. Robert Nelson The New York Times Company Foundation, Inc. Northern Trust Bank of Florida Park Foundation, Inc. Pritzker Foundation Publix Supermarkets Charities, Inc. Raymarine, LTD

Corals similar to those that we find in the oceans today, have been around for about 60 million years.

Runyan Charitable Foundation, Inc. Salomon Smith Barney Michael Saunders and Company SMR Aggregates Elizabeth Steele The Tarr Charitable Family Foundation Tran Fiberglass Boats Dr. James Woods The Zenith

$1,000 AND ABOVE Advanced Audio Design Mr. and Mrs. Robert Alexander Greg Anderson Anderson Industrial Equipment James Arcara Baker & Co., Inc. James Barnard Glenn Bell Mr. and Mrs. Robert Bernhard Mr. and Mrs. Nathaniel Bickford Bird Key Yacht Club Mr. and Mrs. Leon Bloom The Boat Haus Brenda Bolay Carolyn Booth David Brittain Cannons Marina Thomas Caruso Vera Cash Foundation, Inc. Mr. and Mrs. Robert Champion The J. P. Morgan Chase Foundation Chili s Mr. and Mrs. E. Chrisman Citigroup Foundation Climatic Conditioning Co., Inc

Community Foundation of Sarasota Co. Inc. Deborah Cooley Cowles Charitable Trust Mr. and Mrs. G.J. Creighton John Davies John F. Deering Middle School DeLoach Industries Ruth DeLynn Mr. and Mrs. Frederick M. Derr Abby DeVries Joann DiGennaro Disney Wildlife Conservation Fund Mr. and Mrs. Richard Donegan Norbert Donelly Steve Doster Mr. and Mrs. Michael Dow The Dreaming Goddess Dr. Sylvia Earle Mr. and Mrs. Paul Eckel E. Ewing ExxonMobil Foundation Fergeson, Skipper, Shaw, Keyser, Baron & Tirabassi PA Dr. and Mrs. Arthur Finzel Firestone Matthew Forelli Ron Foxworthy Ruth Gardenhire Edith Gardner Mr. and Mrs. Russ Gifford Glazer Family Foundation Merry Graham Mr. and Mrs. John Hager Don Hamilton Guy Harvey Enterprises The Helmsley Sandcastle Hotel Caspar Hiatt

Jane Hyslop Mr. and Mrs. Daniel Idzik Deborah Imhulse Independent Paperboard Marketing, Inc. Isermann Family Foundation Item Development, Inc. Cheri James The Jelks Family Foundation Inc. C. Johnson Johnson & Johnson Johnson Photo Imaging, Inc. Kennedy Electric Linda Kimball Mr. and Mrs. Fred Knapp Knox Family Foundation James Lambie Mr. and Mrs. John Lamoureux Jean Maguire Dr. and Mrs. Kumar Mahadevan Manatee Community College Library James and Patricia Marino Raymond E. Mason Mr. and Mrs. Cornelius McGillicuddy Michael s on East Gourmet Group Carol Miller Mr. and Mrs. Daniel Miller Dr. David Millie W.G. Mills Inc. Susan Morin Mr. and Mrs. Ron Morris Mystery Hunters natural awakenings John Neeley Mr. and Mrs. Richard Nimtz Deborah O Boyle Olde Salt Marine Jim Owens

Tobin Page The Mary E. Parker Foundation The Peterson Foundation Mr. and Mrs. Pierrette Perron Pfizer Volunteer Program Mr. and Mrs. Lance Poulsen PR Distributors Precision Gear, Inc. R. and M. Foundation Trust Reef Rod & Gun Club, Inc. Mr. and Mrs. David Regamey Regatta Pointe Marina William Rein Mr. and Mrs. Dana Robes Mr. and Mrs. Richard Robie Joseph Roller Mr. and Mrs. Dean Rollings Rotary Club of Sarasota Estate of Ellen Rybicki St. Armands Travel Mr. and Mrs. Nathaniel Saltonstall Martin A. Samowitz Foundation Sams Club Sarasota Bay Rotary Club Sarasota Rotary Foundation Cathy Schawk Don Schmidt SCICOM Data Services Sea Love Charters Dr. and Mrs. H. Seider, Jr. Sholley Foundation, Inc. The Southwest Florida Conchologist Society Inc. Mr. and Mrs. Stanley Siegel SIMM-TAC Concrete Construction James Smith Margaret Smith

DONORS continued Willis A. Smith Construction South Trust Bank Donna Wolf Steigerwaldt Foundation Mr. and Mrs. Kurt Stocker Reed Stuart Harry Sudakoff Foundation Suntamer Hats SunTrust Bank Superior Aqua Enterprises Jeff Swenson Symphony Electronics Corporation Tampa Bay Mariners Club Mr. and Mrs. Robert Tate James Terry Dr. and Mrs. Raymond Thacker Sylvia Thompson Dr. Andreas Thomsen John L. and Mary M. Tracy Foundation Richard Tribble U.S. Coast Guard Auxiliary Verizon Foundation Mr. and Mrs. Gian Luigi Vittadini VWR International Wachovia Corporation Timothy Welke Dr. and Mrs. Randall Wells Ken White Mr. and Mrs. R. Elton White Mr. and Mrs. Art Whitson Linda Wintheiser Albert H. Wohlers Foundation

$500 AND ABOVE A & P Painting and Decorating Aktion Club Albritton Williams, Inc. William Alexander Alisa s Collection Mr. and Mrs. David Altman Arvida Realty Foundation June Bailey Mr. and Mrs. R. Carey Baird Michael Baltzer 40

Bank of America Sharon Bankert Bayside Breeze Inn/Beachside Bungalow David Berkowitz Best of Times Bio-Rad Laboratories Mr. and Mrs. William Bird Mr. and Mrs. David Black Blue Water Charters Bobs Machine Shop Joan Galvin Brown Mr. and Mrs. Vernon Buchanan Abbott Buegeleisen Russell Buster Carolyn Byers City of Holmes Beach Clear Channel Communications Huber Cooney Brian Corcoran Peter Corriveau Crystal Springs D Franklin Packaging Mr. and Mrs. Bernard Daenzer Michael Daly Carol Deever DeSears Appliances Gary Dickinson Sandra Dietrich Mr. and Mrs. Jack Doremus Dry Dock Enterprises Dean DuCray Niko Endres Euphemia Haye Family Pharmacy of Sarasota Betsey Farrington Mr. and Mrs. Donald Featherman Financial Partners, LLC First State Bank Mr. and Mrs. David Flatow Florida Aquarium Jim Gallogly Mr. and Mrs. Byron George Mrs. Perry W. Gilbert Kim Githler Mrs. James Glazebrook The Glenstone Foundation David J. Greene Foundation, Inc.

Dorothy Greenlee Capt. Ernie Griffen Gulf Coast Trailers, Inc. August Hager Judith Hammer Jean Hendry Dr. and Mrs. Kenneth Henson Mr. and Mrs. William Hill Sheila Hingorani Mr. and Mrs. Jeff Hunt Steven Hyman Philip Jennison Ervin Johnson Helen Johnson Kerkering, Barberio, and Co. Mr. and Mrs. Gerald Kolschowsky Carol Lerer Robin Letourneau Marina Liem Joyce Lockhart The Lombardo Foundation, Inc. Martin Automotive Group Billy Martin Mary McAllister Joe McClash Medallion Homes Gulf Coast, Inc. Mr. and Mrs. Hal Millett Monkey Business Thomas Moore G. Lowe Morrison Dr. and Mrs. John Muehlstein Ocean Reef Community Foundation Barbara Poulson Rhoda Pritzker Dr. John Reynolds, III

Robert s Personal Chauffeur Service Randall Rockel Rosasco, Reasin & Co. Mr. and Mrs. Matthew Rydson Mr. and Mrs. Jack Rynerson Sanibel-Captiva Shell Club Sarasota Shell Club Sarasota Trophy & Awards, Inc. Carmen Schettino Photography Mr. and Mrs. William Schmidt Sears SeaSide Garden Retreat Shakespeare Company Philip Shannon Alice Shaw Mr. and Mrs. F. Simon, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Lawrence Singmaster Cynthia Smyth Elizabeth Stadler Nancy Stockton John Strickland Sun Hydraulics Corporation Sunglasses USA Mr. and Mrs. Henry Taub Mr. and Mrs. James Toomey Bob Tracy Trident LTD. Video Justin Walensky Janet Walsh Jann Warfield Gil Waters Jane Watson Mr. and Mrs. G. William Whitehouse Worthy Race Cars & Components Wyman, Green, and Blalock, Inc. Marcia Zweig

Increasing Public Awareness Mote continued to attract considerable media attention throughout 2002. A birthday celebration for Ami, an orphaned pygmy sperm whale being rehabilitated at Mote s Dolphin and Whale Hospital, was covered by local and regional media, as well as NBC Nightly News. In May, Dr. Robert Hueter, Director of Mote s Center for Shark Research, traveled to Washington, D.C., to participate in a national press conference about shark attacks. The event was covered by several national media outlets including CNN, CBS Evening News, ABC, Associated Press, USA Today, and theWashington Times. The BBC and Discover Magazine visited Mote to film Mote s resident manatees and the exciting research and husbandry training being conducted by the Manatee Care Team. Use of the Arthur Vining Davis Library by the Mote community and the general public continued to grow. Resources and services available to the library user now include reference, interlibrary loan, online journals, and bibliographic databases. The Friends of Mote Library continue to provide support for library resources. The library continued its collaboration with NOAA to transcribe and publish electronically the Charles M. Breder, Jr., field journals from the early 1900s. Volume 13 of Mote s Collected Papers was compiled, published, and exchanged with marine research facilities worldwide.

Writers Dwight F. Davis Judy Silverman Art Director Mary Ellen Wagener Photographers Dick Dickinson Alex Eichholz Herman Gross Jerry Koons

MOTE MARINE LABORATORY

1600 Ken Thompson Parkway • Sarasota, Florida 34236

941-388-4441 • 941-388-4312 FAX www.mote.org • info@mote.org