HACKING // COVENTRY DEVONNE COLL // 08085190
CONTENTS 5.1 [ RE_FLECT, RE_FORM, RE_POSITION ]
RESILIENT COVENTRY 01
1.0 // INTRODUCTION
09
2.0 // LITERATURE REVIEW
23
3.0 // CONNECTIVE CONTENT
33
4.0 // THESIS QUESTION
5.2 FUTURE FUNCTION
HACKING COVENTRY 45
5.0 // PROGRAMMATIC DEVELOPMENT
73
6.0 // THE SITE
93
7.0 // PROGRAMME FIX
109
8.0 // DESIGN DEVELOPMENT
163
9.0 // DEVELOPING RESOLUTION
5.3 RESOLUTION
HACKING COVENTRY 189
10.0 // PROJECT RE_CAP
207
11.0 // DESIGN DEVELOPMENT
225
12.0 // FINAL SCHEME DRAWINGS
263
13.0 // TECHNICAL RESOLUTION
303
14.0 // FINAL RESOLUTION
323
15.0 // BIBLIOGRAPHY
CONTENTS // i
188 // RESOLUTION
10.0 // PROJECT RE_CAP HEADING TEXT
INTRODUCTION // 189
CENTRALISED CONTROL DECREASES RATE OF ADVANCEMENT TRAUMA IS A CATALYST FOR CHANGE + ADVANCEMENT
DECENTRALISED CONTROL INCREASES RATE OF ADVANCEMENT
CREATE SYSTEM WHICH DETECTS WEAKNESSES...
190 // RESOLUTION
+ OVERCOMES THEM TO PRODUCE A MORE RESILIENT CITY
HACKING COVENTRY // SYNOPSIS Hacking Coventry is a civic hub and infrastructural interjection that aims to provide residents of Coventry with a new type of public realm space, which they are able to ‘hack’ and continuously reprogramme to suit their changing needs. Based upon the basic programmes of sports, event and marketplace, the scheme’s strategy employs methods so that these programmes may become interchangeable with each other, and therefore the programme can be chosen by the user. This is achieved through the use of time based grid systems incorporating all programmes, and the strategic use of surfacing, colour and materiality throughout. The scheme is situated upon Junction 6 of the Ring Road a seemingly inappropriate site, yet is the key node separating the inner and outer city centre, separating residents from the city. Challenging this fixture whose only current purpose if for mobility, aims to hack this site and reprogramme what is it used for,, turning this ‘non-place’ into a significant, social, cultural and dynamic place for Coventry’s residents. The notion of a a fluctual programme aims to provide a public space with the movement away from centralised control to decentralised. The underlying concept stems from Coventry’s history of trauma; trauma being seen as a catalyst for change with the rate of advancement increased by decentralised control. For a city used to trauma, a system is needed to detect weaknesses in order to produce a more resilient and adaptive city. Cities are attempting to do this, through the use of ‘smart’ systems; increasingly these are more based upon economics and energy saving controlled by governments rather than citizens. A people-based smart system is needed to respond to the everchanging needs of the citizens. Focusing on social and cultural aspects, the scheme aims to meet this response by creating a tool in which people can create their own environment, creating an more socially and culturally adaptive Coventry.
10.0 PROJECT RE_CAP // 191
COMMUNITY EMPOWERMENT? HYPER-LOCAL CONTENT NORTH WEST “The thing is when you hear them [troublemakers] outside causing trouble you don’t want to go out because you don’t know what will happen.” Female, North West focus group “In Canley they vandalise the buses and also break some of the windows on the buses.” Male, North West focus group
DAIMLER GREEN RESIDENT’S ASSOCIATION
“For me a lot of other issues are related to anti-social behaviour, so it should be quite high on the agenda.” Female, North West focus group
COUNDOUN AGE CONCERN WATCH MIDWEEK 50+
ST CATHERINE’S CHURCH
As an initial starting point, I recorded the organisations that are part of the Coventry Community Empowerment Network. This aims to create projects with specific aims of benefitting specific communities depending on what their most crucial issues are. Although it claims to be community led, it is still a council affiliated network, so any proposals made must be decided by the city council. This demonstrates that communities in Coventry have key ideas of how they could improve the city, are willing to make changes, but at present there is no successful strategy in place through which real community decided changes can be made.
Community development group regarding unemployment and crime “To look outside today and see the difference in people’s confidence, in their ability to walk along a main road without the fear of crime, to see the diverse community that we live in.”
GRAPEVINE
WHITEFRIARS HOUSING
Using information found here and other community projects, helped me to understand the types of community spaces required in the city. Through a process, this was narrowed down to sport, market and event as the key drivers of the scheme.
Non-profit housing and regeneration organisation that owns and manages approximately 17,000 homes across Coventry “Some people want to take pride in the area that they live in, and need to know how to help themselves.”
SOUTH “I think hate crime is on the up. With new people moving into the area there still is the fear of the unknown. The connection between the new communities and the existing communities isn’t that strong.” Male, Southern area focus group “I know [hate crime] does exist in our area and I understand its an increasing problem. So its something that needs to be considered very carefully.” Female, Southern area focus group
FRIENDS OF CANLEY FORD
SANATAN DHARM HINDU TEMPLE SOCIETY
BATRA
EDGWICK PARK SPORTS PROJECT
NORTH EAST “We have a park by us and you do get a congregation who are taking and dealing (drugs)” Female, North-East “There is a lot of illegal parking over the pavements, but that is generally the case across the city.” Female, North-East
BROAD STREET MEETING HALL New community sports facilities
PARADISE RESIDENT’S ASSOCIATION
“I asked the kids why they didn’t play in the park behind our house. It turned out they did play football there sometimes on Sundays, but only in a big group. But at other times they were frightened of the drugs, gangs and boozers. So they played in the street.”
“Where I live there are sixty odd flats and only ten parking spaces.” Male, North-East “You get car crime in spates. They’ll come into an area and vandalise the cars.” Male, North-East
STOKE HEATH COMMUNITY CENTRE
MINORITIES OF EUROPE
OSABA WOMEN’S CENTRE
Support group for minority communities
SINGER RESIDENT’S GROUP
“People often lead parallel lives, living in a street without knowing each other. This can lead to fear fear of the other people you don’t understand.”
HOMELESS SHELTER
SOMALIAN SUPPORT GROUP
TEXT
SKY BLUE RESIDENT’S ASSOCIATION
QUINTON PARK MANSFIELD MEDICAL CENTRE ACTION FOR CHEYLESMORE
PEOPLE’S PLACE STOKE ALDERMOOR RESIDENT’S ASSOCIATION ST. CATHERINES RESIDENT’S ASSOCIATION Young People’s Support Group
“This area is designated as a place the authorities don’t have to worry about – its not one of the deprived areas. But there are pockets of deprivation within Cheylesmore, especially amongst the elderly. You go from the lowest Council Tax band to the second highest, sometimes within a street
“People’s Place never gives up on a youngster. If bad behaviour continues, then People’s Place is doing something wrong. Generally, when the problem is bottomed out, bad behaviour stops.”
WILLENHALL ASSOCIATION
AFRICAN WELFARE ASSOCIATION
SPORT SPACES
EVENT SPACES
MARKET SPACES
SUPPORTING SPACES
FOOTBALL PITCH
STAGE
MARKET STALLS
ENTRANCE
HOCKEY PITCH
AUDITORIUM SEATING
MARKET STORAGE
COMMUNITY HUB
CRICKET
BACKSTAGE
LOADING BAY
RESTAURANT
TENNIS COURTS
LARGE SCALE SCREEN
MANAGEMENT OFFICES
BADMINTON COURTS
DRESSING ROOMS
CAR PARKING
NETBALL COURTS
REHEARSAL STUDIO
INDOOR STREET CIRCULATION
BASKETBALL COURTS
LIGHTING CONTROL
JOINT SERVICE AREAS
9 HOLE GOLF COURSE
SOUND CONTROL
SKI JUMP
BOX OFFICE
FIRST AID
BAR
PHYSIO SUITE
EVENT STORAGE
CHANGING ROOMS FITNESS STUDIO EQUIPMENT STORAGE
FOOTBALL PITCH
TENNIS COURTS
PHYSIO SUITE
EQUIPMENT STORAGE
HOCKEY PITCH
BADMINTON COURTS
CHANGING ROOMS
LIGHTING CONTROL
CRICKET
NETBALL COURTS
FITNESS STUDIO
SOUND CONTROL
TENNIS COURTS
BASKETBALL COURTS
EVENT STORAGE
MARKET STALLS
STAGE
DRESSING ROOMS
LOADING BAY
AUDITORIUM SEATING
REHEARSAL STUDIO
CAR PARKING
BACKSTAGE
EXTERNAL INTERCHANGEABLE ACTIVITY PROGRAMMES
194 // RESOLUTION
INTERNAL INTERCHANGEABLE ACTIVITY PROGRAMMES
INTERCHANGEABLE SUPPORTING PROGRAMMES
JOINT SERVICE AREAS
INTERCHANGEABLE SERVICE PROGRAMMES
FOOTBALL PITCHES
9 HOLE GOLF COURSE
HOCKEY PITCHES
SKI JUMP
CRICKET FOOTBALL PITCHES HOCKEY PITCHES CRICKET MARKET STALLS MARKET STORAGE
LARGE SCALE 9 HOLE GOLF SCREEN COURSE
LOADING BAY
MARKET STORAGE
CAR PARKING
COMMUNITY HUB
BOX OFFICE BAR MANAGEMENT OFFICES
INDOOR COMMUNITY STREET HUB CIRCULATION
LARGE SCALE LOADING BAY SCREEN
MARKET STALLS
MANAGEMENT OFFICES
RESTAURANT ENTRANCE
SKI JUMP
CAR PARKING
ENTRANCE
BOX OFFICE BAR
RESTAURANT
TENNIS COURTS BADMINTON COURTS NETBALL COURTS TENNIS COURTS BASKETBALL BADMINTON COURTS COURTS NETBALL COURTS
STAGE INDOOR STREET CIRCULATION AUDITORIUM SEATING BACKSTAGE STAGE
LIGHTING CONTROL SOUND CONTROL LIGHTING CONTROL JOINT SERVICE AREAS SOUND CONTROL
AUDITORIUM SEATING BACKSTAGE
EVENT STORAGE JOINT SERVICE EQUIPMENT AREAS STORAGE
BASKETBALL COURTS
EVENT STORAGE FIRST AID
CHANGING ROOMS
FITNESS STUDIO
PHYSIO SUITE
DRESSING ROOMS
REHEARSAL STUDIO
FIRST AID
PHYSIO SUITE
TEXT
EQUIPMENT STORAGE
CHANGING ROOMS
FITNESS STUDIO
DRESSING ROOMS
REHEARSAL STUDIO
INITIAL PROGRAMME SPECIFICATION + ORGANISATION To determine the types of spaces the scheme needed, I split the programme specification into four categories: sport, event, market and supporting spaces. I then began to group together the spaces which can become interchangeable, based upon internal and external activities, supporting spaces and servicing, how these could possibly be organised. These groups and organisation have changed as the scheme developed, but this initial process along with site analysis allowed me to produce a strategy for programme organisation across the site.
10.0 PROJECT RE_CAP // 195
RING ROAD, JUNCTION 6
CAR PARK, JUNCTION, GREEN SPACE
THE NON-PLACE, WITHOUT SIGNIFICANCE
THE NON-PLACE TRANSFORMED INTO A PLACE
196 // RESOLUTION
CAR PARK
RING ROAD
GREEN SPACE
THE SITE // RECONNECTION In our group project, Data Dérive, we investigated areas within the city that demonstrated the most flux and stasis of land use throughout history. After mapping a large area of the city, we were able to locate 19 sites that had the most extreme difference between flux and stasis, and so, we considered as points of interest and potential opportunity . The ring road in Coventry acts as a physical barrier separating the city centre from the wider communities, where most of the citizens live. I wanted to find a site along the periphery of the ring road, so that my proposal could act as a bridging point between the inner and outer city centre. The chosen site, includes a derelict car park to the South (due to become offices through the Friargate future development), the ring road junction 6 roundabout, with a pedestrian walkway underneath, leading into Greyfriars Green, a large area of green public space. The ring road junction is normally considered as an unusable building space. However, in order to connect the inner and outer city I will need to infiltrate the entire junction. The ring road could be considered a ‘non-place’, a place of transience that does not hold enough significance for it to be considered a ‘place’. People use the place constantly but only as a route of mobility, there is no other specific activity here. In using this junction as my site, it also relates back to the idea of citizens hacking the city. The scheme will allow the public to constantly reprogramme this non-place, transforming it into a place of significance. 10.0 PROJECT RE_CAP // 197
PUBLIC WALKWAY TO ENTRANCE
LANDSCA
INTERNAL THROUGHWAY EXTENSION OF STREET
CAR PARKING / MARKET / EXTERNAL PITCHES
COMMUNITY HUB
LANDSCAPED ROOF
PUBLIC WALKWAY TO ENTRANCE
S FOR
CAR PARKING / MARKET / EXTERNAL PITCHES
APED ROOF
DESIGN STRATEGY + FORM Using the ideas of linking across the ring road junction and creating an extension of the green space at Greyfriers Green, I essentially wanted to create two large adjoining spaces with ramped landscaped roofs creating a new open public space, with activities located within the building.
ENTRANCE + ORGANISATION
SERVICE AND SUPPORTING AREAS R MIXED USE SPACES
The first ramp extends directly from the green, and will extend over the top of the road still allowing cars to pass underneath it. The second ramp will extend from the car park to the west of the site and the two ramps will meet in the middle of the junction roundabout.
AREAS FOR MIXED SPORT AND EVENT SPACES
This initial form will create a direct and obvious bridging link across the junction, and the ramped landscapes aim to encourage people to use this new public space and cross the boundary between the inner and outer city. From my programme specification and contextual site analysis I constructed a basic site strategy in terms of programme organisation across the site. The car park to the west will consist of mostly external areas for adaptable market stalls, sports pitches and car parking. The landscaped roof will also extend to this space; access into the main building will be via a walkway on the roof that meets stair access when meeting the building, and through an indoor street space that extends throughout the entire scheme. Situated in the main building are sports and event spaces which are interchangeable programmes, with joint service areas, as well as a community hub and management area.
10.0 PROJECT RE_CAP // 199
OVERLAPPING THE ORIGINAL DIMENSIONS DOES NOT WORK
SPACING THE PARKING AND MARKET STALLS SO THAT THEIR OVERALL DISTANCE IS EQUAL
WIDENING THE MARKET STALLS TO FIT A CAR PARKING SPACE OF 2400MM
LENGTHENING THE CAR PARKING SPACE TO FIT THE DEPTH OF TWO MARKET STALLS
200 // RESOLUTION
CAR PARKING + MARKET STALLS WITH OVERALL SAME DIMENSIONS
HOCKEY + FOOTBALL PITCHES, TENNIS COURTS, REQUIRED RUNOFF BOUNDARIES
ADAPTING THE RUNOFF LINES TO THE OVERALL GRID
EXTERNAL FLEXIBLE GRID PARAMETERS // TIME BASED PROGRAMMES The most efficient way to organise the interchangeable programmes was to use a time - based grid system. I began with the simplest, combining the market stalls and car parking spaces. These have different dimensions and cannot just be overlapped - the dimensions of each one must be reworked to create a grid adjusted to suit both market stalls and car parking. A standard market stall measurement is 3m x 2m, whereas a car parking space is 2.4m x 4.8m. Initially I spaced each set of grids out evenly, so that their overall dimensions were equal. Then I widened the 2m width of the market stall to fit a 2.4m car parking space, then lengthened the depth of a carparking space to 6m so that it can fit two market stall spaces. Sports pitch markings were then also applied to the grids, and internal grids for the event and sport spaces were also configured. 10.0 PROJECT RE_CAP // 201
202 // RESOLUTION
SPATIALISING PROGRAMME // BASIC ORGANISATION This shows the development of the basic organisation, with the added arrangement of seating and supporting spaces in the event and sport space, and the cores for circulation as well as the addition of a second floor, which will be used as an outdoor event and sport space. The indoor street needs to be developed much more. This is the main through route for the entire scheme and should be a place of constant activity, and so the programme should be harnessed here as well. Market spaces could be incorporated here, as well as social spaces such as cafes or bars. I think that the programmes within this space could act as plugin spaces or pop-up shops to provide adaptable forms of socialising and entertainment that people can appropriate as they use this link between the outer and inner city. The landscape also needs to be more developed to have the same degree of adaptivity as the rest of the scheme. This could possibly be achieved through the use of surfacing to create different areas for different activities.
10.0 PROJECT RE_CAP // 203
204 // RESOLUTION
HEADING TEXT
1:1000 DEVELOPMENTAL MASSING MODEL
10.0 PROJECT RE_CAP // 205
206 // RESOLUTION
11.0 // DESIGN DEVELOPMENT HEADING TEXT
INTRODUCTION // 207
“ANYONE WHO TAKES AN INTEREST IN THE SECRET WORKINGS OF ANY CLOSED SYSTEM HAS COME TO BE KNOWN AS A ‘HACKER.’ THESE HACKERS OF THE NEW HIVE ANONYMOUSLY CREATE SOCIAL LOCATIONS OR RECLAIM OLD ONES, REBELLING AGAINST AN URBAN LANDSCAPE THAT TILTS THE BALANCE OF EMPOWERMENT FROM THE PRIVATE CITIZEN TO PRIVATE ENTERPRISE. SPACE HACKED AND APPROPRIATED BECOMES AN EXTENSION OF THE PRIVATE AND INTIMATE, A PLAYGROUND...A PLACE FOR SHARING, TRANSCENDING THE INDIVIDUAL, CHALLENGING, MONITORING AND RECOVERING THE CELEBRATION OF THE COLLECTIVE.” [INTERRAININCOGNITA, NO DATE:2]
208 // RESOLUTION
PUBLIC SPACE HACKING // COLLECTIF ETC
SPACE HACKING In order to determine a more dynamic strategic approach to progressing the scheme further, the key notion of space hacking needs to be understood. Space Hacking is the idea of space being reprogrammed and appropriated for various different uses and situations, with the intent that the manipulation of space can alter its regularity and routine. For the urban environment constantly in flux, this is a process which could be employed as a response to the everchanging needs of the users of the space. Within the scheme development so far, the use of a time - based grid system has been configured for visitors to appropriate with the various planned activities as they require. However, elemental configurement of the entire building needs a greater manipulation of space to create a system in which users can truly hack the space. This system will need to consider the notions of surface, circulation and form, and how these elements can be manipulated to interact with each other over a time based period.
11. 0 DESIGN DEVELOPMENT // 209
“THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EACH BUILDING FUNCTION AND INDIVIDUALS ARE ARTICULATED THROUGH THE ACTUALITY OF BUILT FORMS OR THEIR PHYSICAL PRESENCE, THE AGENCY OF ARCHITECTS LIES IN HOW THEY ASSEMBLE THE PHYSICAL ELEMENTS OF THAT BUILT FORM SO AS TO REFRAME THE CONVENTIONAL RELATIONS BETWEEN INDIVIDUALS AND THAT FUNCTION, TO INSPIRE THEM TO ENGAGE WITH IT IN NEW WAYS.” [FARSHID MOUSSAVI ARCHITECTURE, 2013]
210 // RESOLUTION
FOREIGN OFFICE ARCHITECTS // YOKOHAMA PORT TERMINAL Foreign Office Architects are particularly successful at producing schemes which are focused towards the reconstructing of conventional ‘order’ within a building. Their Yokohama Port Terminal project, took the traditional linear idea of the pier, and reconfigured it to create a fluid and multidirectional space which is uninterrupted and based upon a series of specific circulation loops. The terminal acts as an extension from the ground, and aims to be perceived as a series of folded and bifurcated surfaces rather than a built object. The circulation drives the entire scheme in its relation to surface, materiality, connection between the internal and external, and level changes. A strategic approach such as this could be used to reconfigure the connection between the spatial, circulation and surface qualities of my scheme so far, to produce a more dynamic journey through the spaces, and to offer the most potential and opportunity for a fluctual environment open to being hacked.
11. 0 DESIGN DEVELOPMENT // 211
YOKOHAMA PORT TERMINAL STRATEGY
PLAZA
VISITORS DECK
PLAZA
VISITORS DECK
TRANSPORT PLAZA CITY
TRANSPORT PLAZA
CITY
ENTRY / EXIT TO TERMINAL ENTRY / EXIT TO TERMINAL
LOBBY NATIONAL PASSENGERS LOBBY NATIONAL PASSENGERS
ENTRY / EX RESTAURAN ENTRY / EX
RESTAURAN SHOPS/ RESTAURANTS/E SHOPS/
RESTAURANTS/E CHECK IN NATIONAL CHECK IN NATIONAL
APRON APRON
CAR PARK CAR PARK HACKING COVENTRY STRATEGY
OPEN AIR SPORT/EVENT SPACEAIR SPORT/EVENT OPEN
ACTIVITY LAND [UPPER] LAND ACTIVITY
SUPPORTING AREAS [CHANGING/SUITES] SUPPORTING AREAS
INTERNAL SPO SPACE INTERNAL SPO
SPACE
[UPPER]
SPACE
[CHANGING/SUITES]
OUTER RING ROAD OUTER RING ROAD
INDOOR STREET PLAZA STREET INDOOR PLAZA
ACTIVITY LANDSCAPE [LOWER] LANDSCAPE ACTIVITY [LOWER]
EXTERNAL MARKET/SPORT/CAR GRID EXTERNAL MARKET/SPORT/CAR GRID
212 // RESOLUTION
INDOOR STREET COMMUNITY HUB INDOOR STREET COMMUNITY HUB
XIT TO SHOPS / NTSTO SHOPS / XIT
ENTRY / EXIT TO HALL OF CIVIC ENTRY EXCHANGE / EXIT TO HALL OF
CIVIC EXCHANGE HALL OF CIVIC EXHIBITION EXCHANGE HALL OF CIVIC INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION EXCHANGE PASSENGERS INTERNATIONAL IMMIGRATION LOBBY PASSENGERS
NTS
IMMIGRATION
LOBBY
CRUISE DECK CRUISE DECK
FERRY FERRY
DSCAPE
DSCAPE
ORT / EVENT
ORT / EVENT
MANAGEMENT/ STORAGE/ MANAGEMENT/ LOADING STORAGE/ LOADING
INNER RING ROAD INNER RING ROAD
CIRCULATION STRATEGY The Yokohama Port Terminal circulation strategy is based upon the feedback loop shown opposite. The circulation route aims for fluidity rather than flows of fixed orientation. I have used this construction of the circulation and applied it to my scheme to help with replanning the connections between spaces, and to try and create a strategy that considers the movement between the multiple levels, which I can later connect to how surfaces are manipulated as well.
11. 0 DESIGN DEVELOPMENT // 213
CIRCULATION AS A CONTINUOUS MOVEMENT THROUGHOUT THE SCHEME
SURFACE RESPONSE TO THE PROGRAMMATIC CHANGES AS WELL AS CIRCULATION STRATEGY SURFACE = EVERCHANGING BETWEEN FLOOR / WALL / ROOF
214 // RESOLUTION
CONTINUOUSLY CHANGING FORM
KEY DRIVERS + STRATEGIC PROCESS FOR DEVELOPMENT As well as the circulation strategy being a key driver of the project, surface and form are also particularly significant. Surface treatment has been explored so far, but I also need to consider the spatial qualities of a surface as well - that a surface can be considered as a continuously changing plane perceived not specifically as a floor roof or wall, but all three and can be manipulated between these planes. To develop these circulation and surfacing strategies, the form will need to be considered as well. Similar to the formal quality of Yokohama Port Terminal, developing the scheme extensively in section so that it is continuously changing will allow me to apply these key drivers. I aim to develop every section along every grid line, in order to explore the spatial flux throughout the scheme.
11. 0 DESIGN DEVELOPMENT // 215
GROUND FLOOR PLAN NEEDS STREET DEVELOPMENT
216 // RESOLUTION
DISCONNECTION BETWEEN ROOF AND INTERNAL SPACES
FIRST ITERATIONS The scheme’s plans so far have a couple main flaws which I need to focus on to improve. The first being the main street space. This needs to be a dynamic public space where activities are always taking place, whereas currently it feels more like a corridor than an indoor street. It also needs to connect more with the external grid system, so that the two are not viewed as completely separate environments. Secondly, the roof is a key part of the scheme and currently feels disconnected from the internal building; I need to develop how the circulation strategy can also include the roof space, joining the landscape and the building together.
11. 0 DESIGN DEVELOPMENT // 217
218 // RESOLUTION
The key developments to the entrance of the street include the reconnection between the external grid and main street space. Opening the entrance with ramps that connect to the landscaped roof of the south and a raised walkway on the north, create connective surfaces in areas which were previously just corners of the street. This aims to create a dialogue between the internal and external and a fluidity of movement between the two, whilst also relating to the level changes in this area of the entrance ramps leading to the mezzanine floor. Connecting directly onto the landscape also aims to provide sports users of the landscape such as cyclists runners, skateboarders easier access routes into the street. The shaping of the street has also become less linear with interchangeable social spaces (retail/cafe/bars) and an event / exhibition space aligning the angled edges, and with the addition of light wells emphasising the journey through the space. Having angled edges creates point of interstitial spaces which have provided areas for stepped surfaces and market grids at the further end of the street. The steps provide points of social congregation and act as viewing platforms into the main event areas as well as extensions form the central community hub.
RAMPED EDGES OF THE STREET
STREET TO GRID DEVELOPMENT
11. 0 DESIGN DEVELOPMENT // 219
220 // RESOLUTION
RAMPED INTO LANDSCAPE
EXTERNAL WALKWAYS
CHANGE OF SPATIAL HEIGHTS + POCKETS OF SPACE
EXTERNAL WALKWAYS + POCKETS OF SPACE
The ramped surfaces beginning at edges of the street entrance lead into walkways extending from the main footprint of the building, extending the idea of the landscape, whilst providing circulation routes between floors and balconies providing spectator spots overlooking the external grids.
CONNECTIONS BETWEEN LEVEL CHANGES
Proceeding up the roof landscape, pockets of space are cut into the surface, connecting the landscape with the ground floor and mezzanine level. These provide courtyard-like areas which act as an extension of the event space on the ground floor and a market grid on the mezzanine. The way these spaces are ‘cut’ provides varied sloped surfaces which can be appropriated for other uses such as social sports and urban sports. Throughout the street there are also significant height changes for some spaces (such as the event / exhibition space), which can also be reached via sloped walkways, whilst a major ramp linking the mezzanine into the main event space, can be followed through onto the roof.
STREET TO LANDSCAPE + LEVELS DEVELOPMENT 11. 0 DESIGN DEVELOPMENT // 221
222 // RESOLUTION
SLOPED EXTENSION OF LANDSCAPED ROOF
EXTERNAL ‘BOWL’
SLOPED WALKWAYS CONNECTING INTERNAL SPACES TO VIEWING BALCONY AND ROOF
The main strategies used for connecting the roof to the internal and lower floor spaces, include extending the surface of the roof, and walkways which extend upwards from lower floors. At the northern start of the roof landscape, sloped surfacing is extending from the roof to create and external ‘bowl’ amphitheatre space which can be appropriated for sports or events usage, and houses a covered market grid / public space underneath, leading to an internal market / large screening space used for screening events in Coventry, or within the building itself. The ramp joining the mezzanine with the main event space continues to large viewing area which connects to first floor spaces in the street and onto the main roof space. The height of this also provides raised areas on the roof which can be used for activities such a golf. These highlight the main developmental changes made to circulation and form, with each individual section documented in the final drawings package with spatial hacks.
LANDSCAPE + SURFACE TO INTERNAL DEVELOPMENT 11. 0 DESIGN DEVELOPMENT // 223
12.0 // FINAL SCHEME DRAWINGS
226 // RESOLUTION
DONE
PLANS GF TEXT
INTRODUCTION // 227
228 // RESOLUTION
DONE
PLANS MEZ TEXT
INTRODUCTION // 229
230 // RESOLUTION
DONE
PLANS FF TEXT
INTRODUCTION // 231
232 // RESOLUTION
DONE
PLANS SF TEXT
INTRODUCTION // 233
234 // RESOLUTION
DONE
PLANS ROOF TEXT
INTRODUCTION // 235
236 // [RE_FLECT, RE_FORM, RE_POSITION]
HEADING TEXT
INTRODUCTION // 237
238 // RESOLUTION
SECTIONS SHORT TEXT
12.0 FINAL SCHEME DRAWINGS // 239
240 // RESOLUTION
SECTIONS SHORT TEXT
12.0 FINAL SCHEME DRAWINGS // 241
242 // RESOLUTION
SECTIONS SHORT TEXT
12.0 FINAL SCHEME DRAWINGS // 243
244 // RESOLUTION
SECTIONS SHORT TEXT
12.0 FINAL SCHEME DRAWINGS // 245
246 // RESOLUTION
SECTIONS SHORT TEXT
12.0 FINAL SCHEME DRAWINGS // 247
248 // RESOLUTION
SECTIONS SHORT TEXT
12.0 FINAL SCHEME DRAWINGS // 249
250 // RESOLUTION
DONE
ELEVATION 1 TEXT
12.0 FINAL SCHEME DRAWINGS // 251
252 // RESOLUTION
ELEVATION 2 TEXT
12.0 FINAL SCHEME DRAWINGS // 253
254 // RESOLUTION
SECTION 1 TEXT
12.0 FINAL SCHEME DRAWINGS // 255
256 // RESOLUTION
SECTION 2 TEXT
12.0 FINAL SCHEME DRAWINGS // 257
258 // RESOLUTION
SECTION 1:50 TEXT
INTRODUCTION // 259
260 // RESOLUTION
DONE
SECTION 1:20 TEXT
INTRODUCTION // 261
13.0 // TECHNICAL RESOLUTION HEADING TEXT
INTRODUCTION // 263
GROUND FLOOR STRUCTURAL GRID AND COLUMNS
264 // RESOLUTION
STRUCTURAL RESOLUTION INTEGRATED TECHNOLOGIES MODULE // STRUCTURE As the scale of the building is so large, deals with the site constraints of the ring road, and has varied sectional changes, a strategic structural resolution has been applied to combat these issues. A system was needed that allowed for flexibility of the changing spaces, but also providing great support for large expansive areas. The primary structural system, consists of pile foundations, large plate welded steel columns and prismatic and warren trusses. These elements combined have allowed this flexibility to be achieved. 10M
40M
Foundations: Reinforced concrete pile foundations with a 600mm x 600mm reinforced concrete pile cap have been used to transfer the large building loads into more stable stratum of rock well below the superstructure. The bedrock of the site is mostly weak sandstone, and although this is not the most unstable of ground conditions, given the extremely large building loads that need to be supported, as well as the general slope across the site (which can decrease the shearing strength of a soil), and interaction with the ring road, pile foundations will offer the most stable support for the superstructure. The foundations are applied on a 5m x 5m grid across the footprint of the building. Where the building sits across the road, precast concrete elements will be used to form a tunnel space, with elements either side of the road and through the central reservation. This will house the road underneath the building, whilst allowing the building load to be transferred through these elements to further foundations below. Primary Structure: The foundations support a reinforced concrete ground floor slab, and large columns are needed to allow for the wide spans of the building. These have been formed from large welded steel plates and have varying profiles and sizes throughout the building.
10M
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The main structural grid sees columns placed every 10 metres along the perimeter of the footprint. The distance between these columns and columns placed internally varies with the width of the street, but is generally a large span of 20m. The main event space is column free, with a span of 40m. Although the columns are situated on a grid, each column is pushed inwards and outwards of the main gridline and does not always follow a a straight line vertically upwards, due to the design of the building continuously changing in section. This also has a dynamic effect on the facade, which
13. 0 TECHNICAL RESOLUTION // 265
GROUND FLOOR MEZZANINE STRUCTURAL GRID AND COLUMNS
FIRST FLOOR MEZZANINE STRUCTURAL GRID AND COLUMNS
266 // RESOLUTION
SECOND FLOOR MEZZANINE STRUCTURAL GRID AND COLUMNS
then continuously changes angle slightly, as the columns are pushed off the standard grid. To ensure that the correct support is achieved, and building loads are successfully transferred through the columns down to foundations, columns are tapered in profile on each floor, and vertically, with wider columns of 800mm x 800mm on the ground floor, to 300mm x 300mm by the second floor. 1500mm deep prismatic trusses have been used throughout the majority of spaces (excluding the main event space), as they can successfully respond to the changing shapes of the spaces created and external sloped walkways, and provide enough stability without overwhelming the smaller internal spaces - for example the profile of a prismatic truss works well with large spanning internal spaces that do not have a great ceiling height, such as within the street entrances; if warren trusses had been used throughout, ceiling heights would have to have been much greater to accommodate the depth of the truss. However, in th main event space, 2500mm warren trusses have been used to span the larger expanse of 40m, whilst still respecting the height clearances needed for the activities taking place within this space. The trusses run between the columns according to the labelled gridlines shown opposite throughout (in pink), however where the building crosses the road, trusses have to run in the opposite, transverse direction (blue), as columns cannot be situated in the road, so these trusses span between columns either side of the road.
13. 0 TECHNICAL RESOLUTION // 267
SECTION A
SECTION G
SECTION B
SECTION H
SECTION C
SECTION I
SECTION D
SECTION J
SECTION E
SECTION K
SECTION F
SECTION L
268 // RESOLUTION
SEQUENTIAL STRUCTURAL RESOLUTION INTEGRATED TECHNOLOGIES MODULE // STRUCTURE Throughout every section generated, a structural solution has been determined, to demonstrate how the column angles and sizes are changing, is the variation between prismatic and warren trusses depending on the use and size or shape of space created.
13. 0 TECHNICAL RESOLUTION // 269
SECTION M
SECTION R
SECTION N
SECTION S
SECTION O
SECTION T
SECTION P
SECTION U
SECTION Q
270 // RESOLUTION
SECTION V
SECTION 12
SECTION 07
SECTION 06
SECTION 11
SECTION 05
SECTION 10
SECTION 04
SECTION 03
SECTION 09
SECTION 02
SECTION 08
SECTION 01
13. 0 TECHNICAL RESOLUTION // 271
272 // RESOLUTION
LATERAL CONNECTIONS INTEGRATED TECHNOLOGIES MODULE // STRUCTURE
The lateral connections between trusses and columns are also continusly changing throughout, with beams spanning these distances. This diagram aims to demonstrate these connections (pink), whilst also showing the connections of the transverse trusses crossing the roads.
13. 0 TECHNICAL RESOLUTION // 273
BREAKDOWN OF THE PRIMARY STRUCTURE LATERAL CONNECTIONS BETWEEN STRUCTURAL BAYS, CONSISTING OF PRISMATIC TRUSSES ATTACHED TO WELDED STEEL PLATES FORMING ANGLED COLUMNS, WITH BEAMS SPANNING ACROSS THE TRUSSES. [FLOOR CONSTRUCTION SHOWN IN PINK]
274 // RESOLUTION
LATERAL CONNECTIONS INTEGRATED TECHNOLOGIES MODULE // STRUCTURE
TEXT
13. 0 TECHNICAL RESOLUTION // 275
276 // RESOLUTION
05
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28 10 09 06
29 15
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01 // Concrete Pile Foundations (600 x 600mm Pile Cap) 02 // Concrete Slab 03 // Reinforcement Bars 04 // 1500mm deep PrismaticTrusses 05 // Welded Steel Plates (used to form large columns, 800 x 800 at base) 06 //150mm I Section 07 // 150mm C Section 08 // 50mm Floor Insulation 09 // 150mm Steel Deck with Concrete Infill 10 // 20mm Screed 11 // Service Duct 12 // Sprinkler System 13 // Drainage Channel 14 // Internal Double Glazing with openable windows 15 // Rigid Insulation 16 // Suspension Rod 17 // Square Hollow Section 18 // 250mm U Channel Glass with Translucent Insulation 19 // Motorised Blind 20 // Thermally Broken Steel Support Bracket 21 // Aluminium Louvres 22 // Aluminium Ventilation Channel 23 // Airflow Opening 24 // Aluminium Coping 25 // Steel Mesh 26 // Handrailings 27 // Waterproof Capping 28 // Astroturf Surfacing 29 // Paved Surfacing
3D CUT THROUGH FACADE:
INTEGRATED TECHNOLOGIES MODULE // ENVELOPE
3D FACADE STUDY
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DONE
FACADE 3D TEXT
INTRODUCTION // 277
07
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278 // RESOLUTION Service Duct and Sprinkler System 1500mm Prismatic Truss Welded Steel Plates (used to form large columns, 800 x 800 at base) Single Glazed Internal Glazed Screen Double Glazed Internal Skin Motorized Blind Hollow Square Section Insulation Thermally Broken Steel Bracket Aluminium Ventilation Channel Suspension Rods U-Channel Glass Profiles with Translucent Insulation Aluminium Louvres Roof Insulation Damp Proof Course Aluminium Coping
TRANSLUCENT DOUBLE SKIN STRUCTURE
INTEGRATED TECHNOLOGIES MODULE // ENVELOPE
EXPLODED 3D FACADE
FACADE EXPLODED
INTEGRATED TECHNOLOGIES MODULE // ENVELOPE
TEXT
INTRODUCTION // 279
150mm I Beams 50mm Insulation Steel Deck Concrete Infill with Drainage Channel 20mm Screed Steel External Handrail with LED lighting
FLOOR STRUCTURE
Service Duct and Sprinkler System 1500mm Prismatic Truss Welded Steel Plates (used to form large columns, 800 x 800 at base) Double Glazed Internal Skin Motorized Blind Hollow Square Section Insulation Damp Proof Course Thermally Broken Steel Bracket Aluminium Ventilation Channel Suspension Rods Single Glazed External Skin Aluminium Louvres
TRANSPARENT DOUBLE SKIN STRUCTURE
20
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08 06 05 07 04 03 13 12 11 10 15
01 02
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Roof Junction 1:20 01 // 1500mm Prismatic Truss 02 // Steel Plate Welded Column 03 // 150mm I Beam 04 // 150mm C Section 05 // 50mm Insulation 06 // Steel Deck with Concrete Infil 07 // Damp Proof Course 08 // 20mm Screed 09 // Double Glazed Inner Facade Skin 10 // Motorised Blind 11 // Thermally Broken Steel Support Bracket 12 // Aluminium Ventilation Channel 13 // Aluminium Louvres 14 // Suspension Road 15 // Airflow Opening 16 // U Channel Glass with Transparent Insulation Outer Facade Skin 17 // Rigid Insulation 18 // Aluminium Coping 19 // Steel Handrail 20 // Coloured LED Light
280 // RESOLUTION
JUNCTION 1 TEXT
13. 0 TECHNICAL RESOLUTION // 281
03 18
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17
08 06
Facade to Wall Junction 1:20
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01 // 1500mm Prismatic Truss 02 // Steel Plate Welded Column 03 // 150mm I Beam 04 // 50mm Insulation 05 // Steel Deck with Concrete Infill 06 // Damp Proof Course 07 // 20mm Screed 08 // Double Glazed Inner Facade Skin 09 // Motorised Blind 10 // Thermally Broken Steel Support Bracket 11 // Aluminium Ventilation Channel 12 // Aluminum Louvres 13 // Suspension Road 14 // Airflow Opening 15 // U Channel Glass with Transparent Insulation 16 // Rigid Insulation 17 // Service Duct 18 // Sprinkler
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10
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JUNCTION 2 TEXT
13. 0 TECHNICAL RESOLUTION // 283
17
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08 12 07 14 09 10 04 13 06
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Facade to Ground Junction 1:20 01 // Concrete Pile Foundations (600 x 600mm Pile Cap) 02 // Concrete Slab 03 // Reinforcement Bars 04 // Steel Plate Welded Column 04 // Insulation (50mm, 200mm) 05 // Damp Proof Course 06 // 20mm Screed 07 // Double Glazed Inner Facade Skin 08 // Motorised Blind 09 // Thermally Broken Steel Support Bracket 10 // Aluminium Louvres 11 // Suspension Road 12 // U Channel Glass with Transparent Insulation 13 // Drainage Channel 14 // LED Lighting
284 // RESOLUTION
01
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JUNCTION 3
13. 0 TECHNICAL RESOLUTION // 285
RADIANT HEATING SYSTEMS ARE IDEAL FOR HEATING LARGE SPACES, USED HERE AT THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE SPORTS CENTRE AND INDOOR ATHLETICS CENTRE
286 // RESOLUTION
HEATING, COOLING + VENTILATION INTEGRATED TECHNOLOGIES MODULE // ENVIRONMENT A hydronic radiant heating and cooling system will be employed throughout the scheme. Different from a forced air system, radiant systems heat or cool surfaces of objects rather than the air of a space. These surfaces then radiate the warmth or cooling to occupants. This type of system was chosen due to the particularly large spaces of the internal sports/ event space; it would be inefficient to heat and cool the large volumes of air here, so a radiant system would save energy and costs for the building. Radiant systems can be applied though the flooring, ceiling or walls. Initially an under floor application was considered, however the nature of the types of space in the scheme, especially the sport/ event space, may involve heavy equipment or furniture being moving constantly across the floor; so if the floor were to be damaged for any reason, this could impact greatly on an under floor radiant system. Therefore a ceiling application was chosen. Radiant panels in the ceiling and tube heaters in the main event space, will contain tubing carrying water. During winter months when it is cooler, the water is heated, and the heat is radiated into the space, warming occupants. Whereas in the summer, chilled water is circulated through the tubing, absorbing heat radiated in the space, and cooling occupants. A ground source heat pump will be the main energy driver of the scheme. These extract heat from the earth during winter using it as a heat source, and store heat as a heat sink in the summer. A liquid-to-water heat pump will be used to heat and cool the water that is distributed throughout the building. Ventilation will be achieved using a combination of natural ventilation using the double skin facade system, and some areas of mechanical ventilation. A box double skin facade system has been used, with aluminium louvres located at the base and top of ‘box’ unit, which allow external air to circulate within the interstitial space within the inner and outer skin. During warmer months, the openable windows of the inner skin can be opened, allowing air to naturally ventilate spaces, with cool air arriving at the base, and warm air rising and leaving through the top louvres. In winter, the windows are closed the space within the double skin becomes a thermal buffer, reducing radiant losses from the room. Natural ventilation is possible in the majority of spaces throughout the building, taking into account their size - even in the sport/ event spaces as you are able to naturally ventilate a space up to five times its height. However this may not always be practical due to the activities within this space so a mechanical ventilation system will also be used here, as well as in the part of the central street which is not externally open, as well as higher demanding spaces such as the hub kitchen and changing rooms.
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SUMMER DAY
SUMMER NIGHT
288 // RESOLUTION
WINTER DAY
WINTER NIGHT
13. 0 TECHNICAL RESOLUTION // 289
DAYLIGHTING STRATEGY, DEMONSTRATING THE LIGHT GAINS FROM TRANSLUCENT AND TRANSPARENT FACADES
ELECTRICAL LIGHTING STRATEGY, DEMONSTRATING GENERAL, TASK AND FEATURE LIGHTING.
290 // RESOLUTION
DAYLIGHTING + ELECTRICAL LIGHTING INTEGRATED TECHNOLOGIES MODULE // ENVIRONMENT Daylighting is primarily achieved through the double skin facade, of which the outer skin varies between clear glazing and brightly coloured u-channel glass ( the colours work as zoning throughout the scheme) with transparent insulation, affecting the amount of light let into different types of spaces. More socially driven spaces, such as those located directly onto the street, ramped walkways or the beginning of the roof landscape have clear glazing. Spaces such as the main event space, studios and suites have a transparent facade, so that daylight is not disruptive to the activities taking place. Within the interstitial space of the double skin facade there is a motorised blind which is user controllable to prevent glare and unwanted light entering. There are also lightwells throughout the western part of the street, aiming to channel light through from above, whilst also helping to map the journey through the street. Electrical lighting differs between general, task and feature lighting. The street areas are lit by angled strip lighting to create a dynamic atmosphere and to act as a guide through the street space. Simple downlighters are used within the majority of smaller retail and eating spaces in the street, and spaces on the first floor. Event based spaces such as the main event/ sport space, and the main space on the second floor will be lit using a combination of suspended linear luminaires, to ensure uniform lighting of spaces if that is required (for example, for sporting events), and spot lighting lamps more suited to events. Within the handrails on the roof and ramped walkways, coloured LEDs will be used to create external strips of light, highlighting the building within the ring road.
13. 0 TECHNICAL RESOLUTION // 291
292 // RESOLUTION
ACOUSTICS INTEGRATED TECHNOLOGIES MODULE // ENVIRONMENT Being located on the ring road junction, the primary external noise source will be from the road itself, which can become particularly busy during the daytime, reaching levels of 75+ dB. The use of a double skin facade acts as an insulative barrier around the building perimeter, reducing the amount of noise that reaches the internal spaces; this is exacerbated by the changing angle of the facade - when sound hits a surface some waves are reflected, whilst others penetrate the surface. Having an angled facade rather than a flat plane, will be able to reflect more sound waves, reducing the amount of noise entering the building. The main event/ sport space requires the most acoustic attenuation of all the spaces, to ensure that the acoustic qualities are adaptive to the changing activities of the space, and also to avoid excessive noise travelling into adjacent spaces. This has been achieved by the use of acoustically insulated walls and the movable walls inbetween each space also have acoustic attenuation; again, the space will be helped by the angled nature of the walls surrounding it.
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FRESH WATER FOUL WATER SERVICE CORES
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STOPCOCKS + METERING EQUIPMENT
294 // [RE_FLECT, RE_FORM, RE_POSITION]
A1
WATER SUPPLY INTEGRATED TECHNOLOGIES MODULE // SERVICES + INTEGRATION
Fresh water is drawn from the main water pipes, and is distributed vertically through the service cores. Stopcocks and metering equipment will be located at these main water pipes, to aim to regulate water usage throughout the building. Part H of the Building Regulations is concerned with drainage and waste and states that a drainage system must be in place for carrying foul water. The site has combined public sewers running through it and across the ring road. Therefore fowl water from the toilets, changing areas and kitchen will be carried through the service cores and then connect to the public sewers. Rainwater harvesting is also used, (as described further on in drainage) with collected water being used to flush toilets, saving cost and energy.
INTRODUCTION // 295
HORIZONTAL + VERTICAL SERVICES CORES VENTILATION DUCTS ELECTRICAL RUNS
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HEATING PIPES DISTRIBUTION
296 // RESOLUTION A
A1
SERVICING + DISTRIBUTION INTEGRATED TECHNOLOGIES MODULE // SERVICES + INTEGRATION There are four main vertical service core risers throughout the building, , all of which do not run directly all the way through the building vertically, to allow for the varied sectional changes of the spaces. However, there are also significant horizontal service ducts also running through every floor, for example through each side of the street, ( size) providing a greater servicing space run than a suspended ceiling would. The two main plant rooms are located on the ground floor, to the north of the site adjoining the loading bay, and to the south adjoining the external grid storage space. The northern plant will contian the ground source heat pump distributing heat to the heating pipes. This will be a protected and insulted plant room, that will only be accessed by maintenance staf.f, satisfying Part J of the building regulations, concerning the discharge of the products of combustion. The use of a ground source heat pump also aims to reduce the carbon emissions of the scheme, satisfying Part L2A of the building regulations. The plants connect the horizontal runs, which in turn connect to the vertical. From the horizontal ducts, electrical wiring and heating pipes are distributed into spaces, with electrical circuit runs around the perimeter of each room, and heating pipes for the spaces to be radiantly heated and cooled (showed as shaded, but distributed as shown at the ground floor street entrance). Ventilation ducts are mostly distributed on the ground floor, extending from the northern plant room.
TECHNICAL RESOLUTION: SERVICES + INTEGRATION // 297
FIRE STRATEGY
INTEGRATED TECHNOLOGIES MODULE // SERVICES + INTEGRATION
UP
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The fire escape strategy ensures that most horizontal escape distances are complient with Part B of the Building Regulations, with a 45m limit for two-directional escape and 18m for one-directional escape, which are the limits for the this type of programme. The main area different to this is the second floor external area, which only has one protected staircase. However, BS9999 stipulates that this type of building is of lower fire risk (B1) and as there is an alternative route of exit via a ramp down to the first floor which is less than 1:12 gradient, the escape distance can be allowed to increase to 90m. All vertical stair cores are protected using 60 minute fire rated walls and 60 minute fire doors, with every core containing fire hoses and fire extinguishers, and exit into the open air. All stairs are the minimum width of 1100mm, and each core also provides a refuge space of minimum 1400mm x 900mm for wheelchair users, which does not disrupt the escape path of the stair. Sprinkler systems are used extensivly throughout, at no more than 4.5m maximum apart, as are fire alarms, and signage is used to direct people towards all fire exits.
AY
Compartmentation of spaces has been used to prevent the risk of a fire spreading rapidly. Compartmentation of direct escape routes has been employed, as well as between areas of risk such as the hub kitchen, and all doors within compartment walls have the same fire resistnace as the wall. There is also compartmentation between each floor, separating areas of distinct different usage, to prevent the vertical spread of fire.
TO
WA LKW
There are also two main fire fighting shafts (one with a fire fighting lift, one without) as the building is above 18m tall and has a recreational programme, therefore needs these facilities. These shafts run directly through all floors, and open externally onto part of the site where there is sufficient room for fire engines to be situated, and for access to fire equipment.
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VERTICAL SERVICE CORES PROTECTED FIRE STAIRS FIRE FIGHTING SHAFTS ESCAPE ROUTES COMPARTMENT WALLS
FIRE EXTINGUISHER
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298 // RESOLUTION
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FIRE HOSE
FIRE STRATEGY INTEGRATED TECHNOLOGIES MODULE // SERVICES + INTEGRATION The fire escape strategy ensures that most horizontal escape distances are compliant with Part B of the Building Regulations, with a 45m limit for two-directional escape and 18m for one-directional escape, which are the limits for the this type of programme. The main area different to this is the second floor external area, which only has one protected staircase. However, BS9999 stipulates that this type of building is of lower fire risk (B1) and as there is an alternative route of exit via a ramp down to the first floor which is less than 1:12 gradient, the escape distance can be allowed to increase to 90m. All vertical stair cores are protected using 60 minute fire rated walls and 60 minute fire doors, with every core containing fire hoses and fire extinguishers, and exit into the open air. All stairs are the minimum width of 1100mm, and each core also provides a refuge space of minimum 1400mm x 900mm for wheelchair users, which does not disrupt the escape path of the stair. Sprinkler systems are used extensively throughout, at no more than 4.5m maximum apart, as are fire alarms, and signage is used to direct people towards all fire exits. There are also two main fire fighting shafts (one with a fire fighting lift, one without) as the building is above 18m tall and has a recreational programme, therefore needs these facilities. These shafts run directly through all floors, and open externally onto part of the site where there is sufficient room for fire engines to be situated, and for access to fire equipment. Compartmentation of spaces has been used to prevent the risk of a fire spreading rapidly. Compartmentation of direct escape routes has been employed, as well as between areas of risk such as the hub kitchen, and all doors within compartment walls have the same fire resistance as the wall. There is also Compartmentation between each floor, separating areas of distinct different usage, to prevent the vertical spread of fire.
INTRODUCTION // 299
NETWORK OF ROOF DRAINAGE CHANNELS
WATER STORAGE TANK
DRAINAGE CHANNELS + UNDERGROUND WATER STORAGE
300 // RESOLUTION
DRAINAGE + WASTE MANAGEMENT INTEGRATED TECHNOLOGIES MODULE // SERVICES + INTEGRATION As the roof of the scheme is fairly expansive, water drainage from here is particularly important. Normally on large roofs a large horizontal drainage zone is preferred rather than distributed, however, due to the many changing levels across the roof, a series of distributed channels has been employed to ensure all surfaces can be drained successfully. Drainage channels are found on each surface, which then feed into the channels of the surfaces of lower levels, essentially travelling down the overall ramped surface of the roof, feeding into downpipes along the way. The drained water is collected, filtered and stored underground, so that a water harvesting system can be used throughout the building. The water collected is then used for the flushing of toilets and... which is a cost-effective decision for the running of water in the building, whilst water reuse is also environmentally friendly. The other main waste management strategy consists of recycling waste from the public visitors. Recycling points will be included primarily throughout the street, as this the most public of all the spaces, and visitors will be encouraged to use these as much as possible.
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302 // RESOLUTION
14.0 // FINAL RESOLUTION HEADING TEXT
INTRODUCTION // 303
304 // RESOLUTION
1:200 SECTIONAL MODEL WITH ROOF SURFACES
14.0 FINAL RESOLUTION // 305
306 // RESOLUTION
14.0 FINAL RESOLUTION // 307
308 // RESOLUTION
HEADING TEXT
14.0 FINAL RESOLUTION // 309
310 // RESOLUTION
EXTERNAL VISUAL 1 TEXT
EXTERNAL VIEWINTRODUCTION FROM THE EXTERNAL //GRID 311
312 // RESOLUTION
EXTERNAL VISUAL ROAD TEXT
EXTERNAL VIEW APPROACHING THE JUNCTION FROM THE CITY CENTRE INTRODUCTION // 313
314 // RESOLUTION
EXTERNAL DISTANCE TEXT
EXTERNAL VIEW APPROACHING FROM THE RING//ROAD INTRODUCTION 315
316 // [RE_FLECT, RE_FORM, RE_POSITION]
HEADING TEXT
EXTERNAL VIEW APPROACHING FROM THE RING ROAD AT// NIGHT INTRODUCTION 317
318 // RESOLUTION
AERIAL TEXT
EXTERNAL VIEW UNDERNEATH THEINTRODUCTION RING ROAD ROUNDABOUT // 319
320 // RESOLUTION
INTERNAL VISUAL STREET TEXT
INTERNAL VIEW OF THE COMMUNITY HUB, STREETINTRODUCTION AND EVENT/ SPORT// SPACE 321
15.0 9.0 // //BIBLIOGRAPHY BIBLIOGRAPHY HEADING TEXT
INTRODUCTION // 323
BIBLIOGRAPHY LITERATURE: Auge, M. (2008) Non-Places. An Introduction to Supermodernity. London: Verso DCMS (2012) BDUK Broadband Delivery Project. Local Broadband Plan: Coventry, Solihull & Warwickshire Superfast Broadband. Unknown Place of Publication: DCMS. [Online] [Accessed 1st December 2013] Available here: http://www.cswbroadband.org.uk/documents/CSW-LBP-Submitted-20120301REDACTED-20120501.pdf Cabe Space (2013) The Value of Public Space. London: Cabe Space Corner, J. (2000) Taking Measures Across the American Landscape. USA:Yale University Press Haque, U. (2007) ‘The Architectural Relevance of Gordon Pask.’ In, Architectural Design 77.4 (2007) pp. 54-61 Ibelings, H. (2003) Supermodernism. Unknown place of publication: NAi Publishers. Interrainincognita. (no date) Hacking Public Space. [Online][Accessed May 2014] Avaliable here: http://interraincognita.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/articleaparienciarevised. pdf Vodanovic, L. (2007) Obsolence and Exchange in Cedric Price’s Dispensable Museum. [Online][Accessed December 2013] Available here: https://www.rochester.edu/in_visible_culture/Issue_11/vodanovic/vodanovic.html Worpole, K. (2000) Here Comes the Sun: Architecture and Public Space in 20th Century European Culture. Unknown place of Publication: Reaktion Books. WEBSITES: Coventry Community Empowerment Network (2013) ‘Members by Location.’ [Online] [Accessed 1st December 2013] Available here: http://www.covcen.org.uk/site/members/wards Coventry Partnership (2013) ‘Communities.’ [Online] [Accessed 1st December 2013] Available here: http://www.coventrypartnership.com/communities
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Defra Noise Mapping (2013) ‘Maps and Charts.’ [Online] [Accessed 15th December 2013] Available here: http://services.defra.gov.uk/wps/portal/noise Farshid Moussavi Architecture (2014) ‘About FMA’ [Online] [Accessed May 2014] Available here: http://www.farshidmoussavi.com/flash/index.html#/about/profile IMAGES: Archdaily () Rolex Learning Centre. [Online Image] [Accessed February 2014] Avaliable here: http://www.archdaily.com/50235/rolex-learning-center-sanaa/ Archigram () Plug-in City. Notes on the History of Visual Communication Blog. [Online Image] [Accessed 5th December 2013] http://va312ozgunkilic.wordpress.com/2010/12/07/archigram-plug-in-city/ Archinect (2010) Belgrade, Serbia. Congress Center Sava. [Online Image] [Accessed January 2014] Avaliable here: http://archinect.com/blog/article/22227884/belgrade-serbia-_-congress-center-sava Archinect (2006) Renzo Piano. [Online Image] [Accessed February 2014] Avaliable here: http://archinect.com/features/article/31565/renzo-piano Archinect (2008) Wall Supergraphics. [Online Image] [Accessed February 2014] Avaliable here: http://archinect.com/forum/thread/81373/wall-supergraphics Arcspace (2007) Yokohama International Port Termnial [Online Images] [Accessed May 2014] Available here: http://www.arcspace.com/features/foreign-office-architects/yokohamainternational-port-terminal/ Chin, W. (no date) Blur play Olympic Celebration gig at Hyde Park. [Online Image] [Accessed February 2014] Avaliable here: http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/music/i425430-9/blur-performing-at-bt-london-liveblurs-westway-set.html Detail Online (2012) Stadel Museum. [Online Image] [Accessed February 2014] Avaliable here: http://www.detail-online.com/uploads/pics/staedel-museum-17_01.jpg
15.0 BIBLIOGRAPHY // 325
BIBLIOGRAPHY Glass is Green (2012) Stadel Museum Renovated with a Green Roof Dotted with Skylights. [Online Image] [Accessed February 2014] Avaliable here: http://glassisgreen2010.blogspot.co.uk/2012/03/stadel-museum-renovated-withgorgeous.html Inhabitat (2012) Stadel Museum Renovated. [Online Image] [Accessed February 2014] Avaliable here: http://inhabitat.com/stadel-museum-updated-with-a-gorgeous-polka-dotted-greenroof-in-frankfurt/staedel-museum-schneider-schumacher-12/ Inhabitat (2011) TU Delft Library. [Online Image] [Accessed February 2014] Avaliable here: http://assets.inhabitat.com/wp-content/blogs.dir/1/files/2011/03/Tu-DelftLibrary-9.jpg Nieuwenhuys, C. () New Babylon. The Struggle Tumblr. [Online Image] [Accessed 5th December 2013] Available here: http://palethrough.tumblr.com/post/6227217305/new-babylon-by-constantnieuwenhuys-in-1950s Open Buildings (no date) High Museum of Art Extension. [Online Image] [Accessed February 2014] Avaliable here: http://openbuildings.com/buildings/high-museum-of-art-extension-profile-2782 Qubits (2013) Examples. Qubits [Online Image] [Accessed 5th January 2014] Available here: http://www.qubitstoy.com/pages/examples Qubits (2013) Qubits 2.0 Construction Toy – The First Batch. [Online Image] [Accessed 5th January 2014] Available here: http://www.indiegogo.com/projects/qubits-2-0-construction-toy-the-firstbatch?c=gallery Rogers Stirk Harbour + Partners (2014) Centre Pompidou. [Online Image][Accessed February 2014] Available here: ¬http://www.richardrogers.co.uk/work/buildings/centre_pompidou/completed Scalextric (2013) Scalextric Action Track. Scalextric Shop. [Online Image] [Accessed 6th January 2014] Avaliable here: http://www.scalextric.com/shop/track/action-track Snohetta (2012) Oslo Opera House by Snohetta. [Online Image] [Accessed February 2014] Available here: http://thesuperslice.com/2011/11/14/oslo-cooking-spacegroup-jds-snohetta/
326 // RESOLUTION
Space Hacking (2012) Collectif Etc [Online Image] [Accessed May 2014] Available here: http://spacehacking.net/interview-collectif-etc United Editions (2010) Supergraphics. [Online Image][Accessed February 2014] Available here: http://uniteditions.com/resources/798/A505_556_RP_inline%20image_optimised2. jpg Urban Photo (2006) Learning to Love and Elevated Expressway. [Online Image][Accessed February 2014] Available here: http://www.urbanphoto.net/blog/2006/10/28/learning-to-love-an-elevatedexpressway/ West 8 (no date) Schouwburgplein. [Online Image][Accessed January 2014] Available here: http://www.west8.nl/projects/all/schouwburgplein/
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