Daniel Gilmartin 255740 OUIL501 Context Of Practice 2 Bibliography “At the end of the twentieth century, with shopping escalating to a scale, density, and pervasiveness that operates more effectively as landscape than architecture, shopping composes enticing environments where sound, scent, light, air and even plants are all manipulated to extract the desired response from consumers” Inaba, J. Chung, C. Koolhaas, R. Leong, S. (2001). The Harvard Design School Guide to Shopping: Taschen. 142. “The escalator accommodates and combines any flow, efficiently create smooth transitions between one level and another, and even blurs the distinction between separate levels and individual spaces” Inaba, J. Chung, C. Koolhaas, R. Leong, S. (2001). The Harvard Design School Guide to Shopping: Taschen. 136. “…one of the most important inventions, enabled textile workers to make up to fifty times more cloth than they could by hand” Kubesh, K. McNeil, N. Bellotto, K (2001). In The Hands Of A Child; The Industrial Revolution. 16. “Looking" became a part of the shopping process. More and more of the middle and upper class women had time to spend looking for clothing, furnishings and more. Store fronts became more elaborate with the addition of expensive glass windows drawing the shoppers into their stores to view more of their wares, thus "looking" became synonymous with "window shopping”.” (Malheiro, logicmgmt, 1999). Malheiro, B. (1999). Effect of the Industrial Revolution on Victorian Consumerism. Available: http:// logicmgmt.com/1876/overview/victorian_shopping/ind_revolution.htm. Last accessed 4th April 2016. “educated people to want objects and played a crucial role in determining the essentials of middle-class life and aspirations” Abelson, E (1989). When Ladies Go A-Theiving. New York: Oxford University Press. “the more time a shopper spends in a shop the more likely it is that he or she will buy something.” Baumann, S (2012). IKEA And The Psychology Of Shopping: Grin Verlag. 2. €21.846 billion in 2009 statista (2015). Annual revenue of the Ikea Group worldwide from 2001 to 2015. Available: http:// www.statista.com/statistics/264433/annual-sales-of-ikea-worldwide/. Last accessed 3rd April 2016. “psychological weapon” “Our furniture showrooms are designed to give our customers lots of ideas for every area of the home including your kitchen, bedroom and living room” Tozer, J. (2011). Why shoppers find it so hard to escape from Ikea: Flatpack furniture stores are 'designed just like a maze'. Available: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/femail/article-1349831/Ikea-design-stores-mazes-stopshoppers-leaving-end-buying-more.html. Last accessed 8th January 2016. “In today's consumer culture the mall is the center of the universe.” Feinburg, R. Meoli, J. (1991). A Brief History Of The Mall. Available: http://www.acrwebsite.org/volumes/ 7196/volumes/v18/NA-18. Last accessed 4th April 2016. “When an arrow points to a location it helps the viewer filter out the extraneous and focus on where the arrow leads” Bradley, S. (2014). How To Direct A Viewer’s Eye Through Your Design. Available: http://vanseodesign.com/ web-design/direct-the-eye/. Last accessed 4th April 2016. “It is the architectural equivalent of a hyperbole, inviting visitors into a world full of exclamation points.” Sanes, K. (). Las Vegas: Postmodern City of Casinos and Simulation. Available: http:// www.transparencynow.com/vegas.htm. Last accessed 8th January 2016.
“Disney World is the ultimate showcase for postmodernism and postmodern society because of the way it uses simulation to create the illusion we can overcome the limits of time and space, self and society.” Sanes, K. (). Las Vegas: Postmodern City of Casinos and Simulation. Available: http:// www.transparencynow.com/vegas.htm. Last accessed 8th January 2016. “ [Disneyworld is] nearer to what people want than anything architects have given them… it’s symbolic of American utopia” “Disneyworld was built on the premise of giving people what they wanted” Illas, E (2012). Thinking Barcelona: Ideologies of a Global City. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press. 166. “successful amusement parks are conceptually unified and planned to their last detail… they are well‐ bounded, organized, entertaining, neat, self‐made, self‐contained, self‐sufficient, and fun” MacCannell, D (2002). Journal Of Consumer Research: The Ego Factor In Tourism. Online. (FIG 2) https://www.theguardian.com/science/blog/2011/jan/31/shop-design-layout-impulse-purchasing “The less-than-magical parts of the park, such as fences, garbage bins, and administrative buildings, are all coated in a color known as “Go Away Green”—a shade that’s meant to help things blend in with the landscaping.” Williford, T. (2015). Paint Tricks: Use Disney's "Go Away Green". Available: http:// www.apartmenttherapy.com/paint-tricks-use-disneys-go-away-green-219276. Last accessed 8th January 2016. “The effect of exposure to Baker-Miller pink is purported to reduce aggressive and violent behaviour…7, reduce strength…, and lower blood pressure and pulse rate.” Gilliam, J. Unruh, D.. (1988). The Effects of Baker-Miller Pink on Biological, Physical and Cognitive Behaviour . Journal Of Orthomolecular Medicine. 3, 202. “serene, gay, softly exciting character.” Barasch, M (2001) Theories of Art: 3. From Impressionism to Kandinsky. Taylor & Francis Group. 336. “Disneyland's Main Street confectionery store has been pumping candy aromas into the air outside the store from its "Smellitzer" machines” Ravn, K. (2007). Sniff... And Spend. Available: http://articles.latimes.com/2007/aug/20/health/he-smell20. Last accessed 11th January 2016. “Perhaps the greatest growth in scent marketing… has taken place with regard to the use of ambient scent, …, emitting scent into the atmosphere of hotels, retail stores, casinos, or restaurants as an element of an environment’s atmospherics…, popularly believed to have the potential to create positive mood states…, which will then translate into more favourable store and product evaluations and eventually into higher sales revenues” Krishna, A (2010). Sensory Marketing: Research on the Sensuality of Products. New York: Taylor & Francis Group. 76. “The Emporium on Main Street is the coldest shop in the entire park.” Doyle, G. (2007). Five Ways Disneyland Controls You with Psychology. Available: http://disneydose.com/ disneyland-psychology/#axzz46fWwgVvA. Last Accessed: 11th January 2016. “nation’s second biggest destination for tourists” (2016). Top 25 Destinations — United States. Available: https://www.tripadvisor.co.uk/TravelersChoiceDestinations-cTop-g191. Last accessed 11th January 2016. “you can do pretty much anything 24/7 in Vegas” (2016). Top 25 Destinations — United States. Available: https://www.tripadvisor.co.uk/TravelersChoiceDestinations-cTop-g191. Last accessed 11th January 2016. “Maluszynski concludes that the carpeting isn't just aesthetic torture, but, just like the lack of windows and clocks (and the constant barrage of free booze), is a canny design choice” Biddle, S. (2010). The Ugly Carpets of Vegas are Hideously Clever Social Engineering at Work. Available: http://gizmodo.com/5628834/the-ugly-carpets-of-vegas-are-hideously-clever-social-engineering-at-work. Last accessed 4th April 2016.
“Rounded shapes have been related to pleasant emotions for various products like furniture…, cars…, car interiors…, and other everyday objects” Batra, R. Seifert, C. Brei, D. (2015). The Psychology of Design: Creating Consumer Appeal. -: Routledge. 97. “Constant noise and sound gives the impression of a noisy, fun and exciting environment, and that winning is more common than losing since sounds are linked to ‘hitting the jackpot’” Lau, L. (2016). Effects of Casino Design on Gambling Tendencies. Available: http://www.academia.edu/ 1090894/Effects_of_Casino_Design_on_Gambling_Tendencies. Last accessed 4th April 2016. fig.1 Otis Elevator Marketing Company brochure (1949) Inaba, J. Chung, C. Koolhaas, R. Leong, S. (2001). The Harvard Design School Guide to Shopping: Taschen. 136.
fig.2 IKEA shop layout A-mazing: A route a customer took through a store (2011) Available at: http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2011/01/23 article-1349831-0CE10D7A000005DC-558_634x623.jpg
fig.3 Go away green Disney No See Um Green (2015) Available at: http://p-fst1.pixstatic.com/557edd412a099a4783005536/_w. 540_s.fit_/DisneysGoAwayGreen.jpg
fig.4 Baker Miller Pink (n/a)Available at: http://cabinetmagazine.org/issues/11/pink_jail_new2_ZVI.jpg
fig.5 Johann Wolfgang von Goethe Colour Wheel Goethe's symmetric colour wheel with associated symbolic qualities (1809) https://upload.wikimedia.org/ wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Goethe%2C_Farbenkreis_zur_Symbolisierung_des_menschlichen_Geistes_und_Seelenlebens%2C_1809.jpg/500px-Goethe %2C_Farbenkreis_zur_Symbolisierung_des_menschlichen_Geistes-_und_Seelenlebens%2C_1809.jpg
fig.6 Disneyland Disneyland Park Overview (2016) Available at: http://uk.phaidon.com/resource/263-50.jpg [Accessed 4 April 2016].
fig.7 Martin Parr Martin Parr , (1987), Las Vegas [ONLINE]. Available at: http://uk.phaidon.com/resource/263-50.jpg [Accessed 4 April 2016].
fig. 8 Chris Maluszynski Chris Maluszynski (2008) Las Vegas Carpets [ONLINE]. Available at: http://moment.photoshelter.com/ gallery-image/Las-Vegas-carpets-by-Chris-Maluszynski/G0000zrLfxPBBi9c/I000028CMCHKPd7A
fig.9 Luxor Casino (n/a): Available at: https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/worldia/cache/bgimage/hotels/luxor-2.jpeg