Dhiyo naha issue 1 edition 5 by DHIYO NAHA

Igniting your minds

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Mining Machinery

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From the Editor: “Education with entertainment in the way of positive development of a student to maintain a healthy academic environment in college is one of the necessary steps for the development of any college.”

golden academic year 2013-14 in the history of JNTUHCEM welcoming new trends in education with the incoming of new batch of students, our college is inviting new ideas and innovative thoughts from students. The result of which is this book called “Dhiyo-Naha” JNTUH CEM’s first quarterly magazine. It is a work of appreciation which is done with true dedication and strong determination from 5 months by the students. Compiled by the Dhiyo-Naha campus student body this is a blend of various topics from all the branches in this college. This could be integrated as one and presented in front of you without the support of encouraging staff and their igniting words that inspire us to do any good deed improving our talents. To quote Dr. Kaujala Prasanna Lakshmi, H.O.D Mechanical Dept., JNTUHCEM “Education with entertainment in the way of positive development of a student to maintain a healthy academic environment in the college is one of the necessary steps for the development of any college.” This is a mosaic work of techno stuff, funny facts, education, jobs through Gate, art work, glimpses of past and facts of INDIA. This magazine or the news letter whatever it might be called as, is not just a book of reference or a collection of several topics given as per the interest of students, but it can be an archive that we can review after a certain time . It also replenishes the glorious memories of our time. In this we would specially say about the topic “overview of mining” which is presented as one of the special highlight discussing about mining and its importance and making a commoner aware of it. This topic is also presented as a suggestive article and knowledge providing report regarding various opportunities for many of the students about the advantages in opting for Mining Engineering.

“This magazine is not just a book of a collection of several topics given as per the interest of students but it can be an archive that we can review after a certain time.” Prof. K.V.Sharma, H.O.D Civil Dept., JNTUHCEM

Showing concern as responsible citizens towards global warming due to conventional power production, we have given information regarding one of the alternate power source i.e., Tidal Power in enhancing the use of alternate sources This not only improves environment problems upto a certain extent but also increases employment opportunities. Also provides a solution to the areas that lack electricity that is being practiced in several areas of the country. As a college that is pioneering in collecting and utilizing the advances of knowledge and technology, we have put in our efforts to bring out the best output. We have also show-cased a few galleries of our college events; hope you all like viewing our collection.

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Word from the Chief Editors: This is a just a beginning, an attempt to discover the inner innovative talents of the students, we are happy about the work done. We are very glad that students have come forward in sharing their ideas and works with us. Hoping for a exuberant response from the students.

|| Acknowledgement||

Prof. B. Balu Naik (Principal), Mr. M. Uday Kumar (Vice- Principal) and Prof. K. V. Sharma who have supported us in every way to bring out The Dhiyo Naha likes to thank

the first ever quarterly magazine in the history of JNTUHCEM. We would also like to thank each and every senior, junior and staff who has made it to happen. We would like to thank the entire team of students, staff and each and every one whose name could not be fitted in the book. **Our special thanks to the below team** Administrative, SAC Prof. B. Balu Naik Advisory Mr. M. Uday Kumar Publications team JNTUHCEM –DN

Executive, S.A.C: Dr. K. Prasanna Lakshmi

Editorial Board Dhiyo Naha

Chief Editors:

Administration: K. Ramesh

Prof. K.V. Sharma, Prof. N. V. Ramana, Dr. K. Shahu Chatrapathi, Dr. K. Prasanna Lakshmi

Editor: M. Tejaswi

Designers: R. Vamshi Krishna, S.N. Reddy

Reporter, S.A.C: Ravi Chander, S. Vamshi Bhagyaraj, G. Anish

Managers: G. Navneeth, G. Venkatesh, K. Vamshi K. Nagaraju

CONTENTS 

About JNTUHCEM Past and present activities – Aavishkruth (JNTUHCEM TECH FEST), Smaarya (OUR ANNUAL DAY)

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FACULTY PROFILE- Principal, Vice Principal, all the HODS, Prof.

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Personal Touch – An interview with our principal. – pg.-1

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An overview of Mining pg-3

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I.T to H.M.T pg-5 An Industrial Trip

 Photo Gallery -1 (Aavishkruth 2K13) pg- 7 

Elements and Constructions of Metro Train pg-10

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Waste Power pg- 12 Power from the Husk

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WHY ENGINEER’S DAY…?

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Cloud computing Pg- 15

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CONTINOUS MINERS

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NFC – Near Field Communication pg-17

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Homi J Bhabha - Father of Indian nuclear programme pg - 18

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REINFORCED CONCRETE

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WiMAX pg-21

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Power generation using speed breaker with Auto Street light – a do you know concept pg-22

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Medical Mirror pg- 22

Pg- 13

pg-16

PG-20

CONTENTS

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Gallery – 2 ( Smaarya@2K13) pg- 23

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First step to become a programmer pg - 27

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Rooftop Solar Plants a Viable Business Opportunity pg - 28

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Concrete shell structures pg- 30

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Gallery- 3 (National Days) pg - 31

ENERGY GENERATING FROM WASTE MINE GASES pg - 32

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Some of the Known Facts - A Little about shock absorbers, WATER FUELED CAR pg-33

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Extraction of Coal in Pillars pg-34

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Gallery – 4 (miscellaneous) pg-35

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TSL- Emerging Support Concept: Thin Spray-on Liners pg- 26

TIDAL ENERGY-POWER PRODUCTION pg-37

SOLAR POWERED TECHNOLOGY pg – 38

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IAS AS CAREER pg- 39

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CFD Workshop – pg -41

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A trip to Ramgiri Khila, a photo tour pg- 42

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Fascinating facts of India pg-44

 Funny Facts pg- 45  JOKE ZONE pg - 46 

P U Z Z L E S pg -48

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Black hole= Nothingness pg - 49

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Hydraulic Mining pg -50

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JNTUHCEM Dhiyo Naha Team Edition-1.01

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i About JNTUH College of Engineering Manthani

The JNTUH College of Engineering Manthani is established in the year 2010 as a Constituent College of Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Hyderabad vide G.O. Ms. No. 21, Higher Education (E.C.I) Department dated 25.03.2010 to provide Engineering Education to the rural youth of the backward districts of Adilabad, Karimnagar, Nizamabad and Warangal of Andhra Pradesh State. This College has been supported by M/s. Singareni Collieries Company Limited for infrastructural development. Faculty here are putting in their best efforts to inculcate a quality and diplomatic education in students with values. Students are also provided with various facilitates to improve and enhance their technical skills, creative ideas and various student career developmental activates. Few of those as described as follows:

NSS (National Service Scheme) National Service Scheme is a community service programme sponsored by the Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of India. The Over-all objective of the National Service Scheme is Service to the community, while studying, in an educational institution, It is sought to arose the social conscience of students and provide them with the opportunity to work with the people around the educational campuses creatively, and constructively, and to put the education they received to concrete social use. It is headed by the energetic faculty Dr. K. Shahu Chatrapathi. Following the same NSS acts actively in the college conducting various programmes, such as:  Conducting blood donation camps where the blood collected from the volunteers and participants, later donated to the nearby Blood bank to help the needy to our extent in acquiring the required blood group easily.  There are the photos of the blood donation camp conducted by the NSS on 2013-10-08  Special Camps are also conducted by the NSS where awareness about various topics such as Hygiene, importance of sanitation, giving tips to the villagers about the cleanliness, and providing awareness to women on how to maintain their health during pregnancies.  Providing awareness of education to the students on the importance of education by visiting them in their educational institutions. Also education parents in rural areas not abort the girl child and encouraging them by explaining the benefits provided by the GOI towards education and career opportunities provided to the girls.  Also conducts adult literacy programmes in neighbouring villages. The unit conducts Tree Plantation Programmes, AIDS Awareness programmes and Ragging prevention programmes.

Magazine: College magazine is a college guide and a quarterly magazine written and edited by college students and staff. It is

published by the college itself. Its main feature as an academic advisor, giving career tips to the students, stage to showcase the art works by students and a feedback of students towards the college. Also student’s success stories are also published in the magazine DHIYO NAHA: It is the first ever College magazine which is under the supervision of under the efficient faculty of the JNTUHCEM. The name has its origin from the last verse of Gayatri Mantra “DHIYO YO NAHA PRACHODAYAT”

ii which means “a pupil asking the almighty to awaken and enlighten our thoughts, excellence and knowledge in our minds”. And the meaning of the “DHIYO NAHA” is – our excellence. Here our almighty being considered as our education and we try to enlighten our excellence by trying hard.It aims to make students self-sufficient not only in education but also to develop their creative talents with freedom of expression and speech wherein they are provided with stage (SAC) where they can go to depth in their interesting topics with enjoyment.

WORKSHOPS AND CONFERENCES:

ecently a workshop has been conducted by the Mechanical Department in JNTUHCEM on Basics of CFD organized by “The AEROTRIX”.The Mechanical Engineering Department has been known for its hallmarks in the various activities taken place in this college. A workshop was conducted in association with Aerotrix, started by Alumni of IIT Kanpur Aerospace Engineering Graduates on September 6th & 7th of 2013. JNTUH CE Manthani's Mechanical Engineering department is the only college in Andhra Pradesh to conduct a workshop on Basics of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) in association with Aerotrix. In spite of the Geography of the college, with the Fame that JNTUH CE Manthani and Aerotrix, workshop has received a great response from various regions like Maharashtra, Karnataka, and Hyderabad etc. which was resulted in many registrations from almost around 20 colleges, but as the quality in the workshop space is integral, number of participants is were confined to first 109 registrations. Free accommodation was provided nearby the venue itself with a quality food and living environment.

Updates: A National Conference on Advancements in Computer Science & Engineering 2013 (ACSE2013) is going to be held on 6tH&7th Dec-2013 at JNTUHCE Manthani headed by Dr. K. Shahu Chatrapathi and Mr. M. Uday Kumar. The objective of this conference is to provide a forum for interaction exchange of expertise between Academic Institutions, R&D Organizations and industries in the areas of high performance computing and its applications. This conference aims at bringing together the Researcher’s/Scientists, Engineers of various discipline in one platform to discuss and share their new inventions & innovative ideas along with their research finding ACSE2013 will have invited talks, Contributed Papers and Panels.

Aavishkruth:

avishkruth the national level technical symposium held in JNTUHCEM on 7th and 8th March 2013. It is one of the greatest achievements in JNTUHCEM by the students which was of great attraction mainly “THE MINE CARNIVAL” which was not held anywhere else became the cover page news in the District paper of The Sakshi daily dated 08-032013. It was mainly sponsored by THE SINGARENI COLLIERIES COMPANY LIMITED (SCCL) and NATIONAL THERMAL POWER CORPORATION

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iii (NTPC). It was a first grand success of the college with students coming from the regions of Maharashtra, Karnataka, Delhi, Hyderabad and Karimangar. There were several technical and non technical events held on the days of the fest and all the participants actively took part in all the events held. A good accommodation with good food was provided on the above mentioned dates of the symposium. The second day was a day of technical and cultural symposium, started with technical events, price distribution and ending with various cultural events. Few of which are Paper presentations finals, Robo Wrestling, Robo Racing, Palm Island, Construction Model Expo, Sixth Sense Botz workshop, Power Plant Model Expo. Coming to the cultural events it started with Comedy skits, various dance performances, ramp walk with students in traditional dress, and ended with marvellous Musical night.

SMAARYA@2K13: SMAARYA- the annual day of JNTUHCE MANTHANI celebrated on 13th April. It was started with the mesmerizing and inspirational speech by the principal DR. B. Balu Naik. Later it continued with the welcoming of Chief patrons. The Chief patrons invited were Mr. N. V. Ramana Rao-Registrar and Ravi Shankar-OC-II GM. They also presented an indelible speech to the students present there. It was later continued with the award distribution ceremony for the students who won in various sports competitions. Also students who achieve excellence in their academics were awarded.

Decoration of stage during smaarya

Awards received by Dr. B. Balu Naik

JNTUH College of Engineering Manthani, Centenary Colony, Pannur (Vill), Kamanpur (Mdl), Karimnagar Dist., A.P-505212

Principal JNTUH College of Engineering Manthani

Dr. Balu Naik Banoth, Principal of JNTUH College of Engineering, Manthani has an excellent record in the field of administration along with academics. He obtained his B.Tech in Mechanical Engg. from JNTUH, M.Tech in Prod. Engg. from JNTUH and received his Ph.D in Energy Systems from JNTUH. He worked in various capacities as Asst. Professor, Assoc. Professor and Professor in Mechanical Engineering at JNTU, Hyderabad. Currently he is the Principal of JNTUH College of Engineering, Manthani. He has a good teaching experience of 21 years. Coming to his administrative record he has worked holding various posts such as hostel manager for Boys & Girls Hostel at JNTUH , Co-Coordinator of NSS JNTUH, Deputy Director, UGC-Academic Staff College at JNTUH, Officer-in-charge for University Examinations (Nodal Centre-2), Project Officer for National Technical Manpower Information System (NTMIS), JNTU, Hyderabad, Head of Centre for Nano Science & Technology, Officer-in-charge for University Examination (Nodal Centre-3), CoordinatorEAMCET and currently as Principal of JNTUHCEM. Under his supervision students have successfully completed 60 B.Tech projects, 30 M.Tech projects, two students have completed their Ph.ds and 10 scholars are yet to submit. He has visited various foreign universities such as Brazil University (Brazil), U.A.E. University (U.A.E), M.I.T (Massachusetts), Harvard University (Boston) and Boston University (U.S.A). He is life member of Indian Society for Technical Education, also a life member of ASME. He worked as Governing Body Member of self financed engineering colleges such as Indu Institute of Engineering & Technology, Vaagdevi College of Engineering and Viswa Bharati College of Engineering & Technology, also as Convener Fact Finding Committee (FFC) for affiliation of colleges. He is a good orator also, leaving an imperishable and indelible mark of his inspiring words on the young minds, for the same reason he was invited to give lectures at Ramappa Engineering College, Institute of Aeronautical Engineering and Vaagdevi College of Engineering. He has published his research papers in 49 international and national publications of which 40 pages published in international journals, 7 papers in national journals and attended two international conferences. One of his exclusive works which got great recognition and was selected for publishing international wide is â&#x20AC;&#x153;Development of a composite material from agro waste for wear resistance applicationâ&#x20AC;?, Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, ISSN: 1934-7375, USA. He also has a good personal expertise working as E.C. Member, General Secretary and Vice-president of JNTU College of Engineering Teachers Association, Hyderabad. Thus he is a skilled teacher of science by profession dwelled with administration and management skills also.

While most are dreaming of success, winners wake up and work hard to achieve it.

JNTUH College of Engineering Manthani, Centenary Colony, Pannur (Vill), Kamanpur (Mdl), Karimnagar Dist., A.P-505212

Vice Principal, JNTUH College of Engineering Manthani

Mr. M. Uday Kumar

Uday Kumar. M, Associate Professor in Computer Science Department, can be seen as a person with good management skills. He has acquired his B.Tech in Computer Science Department from Chaitanya Bharati Institute of Technology, M.Tech (C.S.E) from JNTU KAKINADA and pursuing his Ph.D from JNTU KAKINADA. He has a good teaching experience of 13 years. He joined JNTUH as Assistant Professor in 2000. He has worked as various capacities such as lecturer, Assistant Professor, Head of Department (C.S.E) in JNTUH JAGITIAL, Associate Professor (C.S.E) in JNTUHCEM currently working as Vice Principal of JNTUH College of Engineering Manthani and Incharge of Examination cell and also as the incharge HOD of Mining Engineering Deptartment. He is a member of Board Of Studies (BOS). He is a member of Governing body of Sri Vishweshwaraya Engineering College. Under his supervision 40 members have completed their B.Tech Projects, 20 members have completed their M.Tech Projects and 20 members have completed their M.C.A Projects. He has conducted various conferences under TEQIP. He has published international and national conference papers and journals. Subjects of his expertise are image processing, Network Security, Computer Networks, Parallel Processing, and many others. Finally and he is striving hard in utilizing services of the Teaching members for maximum benefit of the students in Academic arena

â&#x20AC;&#x153;Study without desire spoils the memory, and it retains nothing that it takes in.â&#x20AC;?

JNTUH College of Engineering Manthani, Centenary Colony, Pannur (Vill), Kamanpur (Mdl), KarimnagarDist., A.P-505212

Head of the Department -I/c Department of CIVIL Engineering

Prof.K.Viswanatha.Sharma

Dr. Korada Viswanatha.Sharma (K.V.Sharma) is man of versatile talents. He is a native of Chennai; completed his B.Tech (Mechanical) in JNTUCE, Anantapur, M.Tech in M.E (Heat Transfer) in AUCE, Visakhapatnam and received his Ph.D from JNTU, Hyderabad with thesis titled “A Theoretical Investigation on Some Aspects of Saturated Pool Film Boiling”.. He started his life as a researcher at AUCE before joining Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Hyderabad (JNTUH) in 1989, having an excellent teaching experience of 24 years holding various capacities such as Asst. Professor, Assoc. Professor, Professor of Energy and Head of the Centre for Energy Studies; visiting Professor University Malaysia Pahang and now currently he is looking after the Civil Engineering Department at JNTUH College of Engineering Manthani. After doing his Masters at AUCE, he worked as Research Assistant under Departmental Research Support Program, Department of Mechanical Engineering, funded by UGC, New Delhi. He has good record of his numerous administrative works, a few of which are he has been the Chairman of Evaluation Committee for Starting New Colleges under All India Council for Technical Education, New Delhi, Expert Member for the Recruitment of faculty for Private Engineering Colleges affiliated to JNTU, Organizing Secretary for ISHMT-ASME International HMT Conference Jan 2008, Internal Member in University Purchase Committee for Nano Science and Technology at JNTUH, Chairman for Board of Studies in Energy Systems at JNTUH, Member of the Board of Studies in Nano Science and Technology at Institute of Science and Technology at JNTUH and so on. He is a Life Member of Indian Society for Heat and Mass Transfer, High Energy Materials Research Society of India, Indian Society for Technical Education, Solar Energy Society of India and a fellow member of Institution of Engineers. Under his guidance till now 14 students have obtained their Doctorate degree. He has published over 50 research papers in international journals. He has attended 69 international conferences and 17 national conferences. He bagged 5 gold medals, 1 silver medal and 2 bronze medals for his inventions and publications and projects. He has obtained 6 patents out of which two are from India. He has published two books named ”Proceedings of the 8th ISHMT-ASME HMT Conference, JNTU Hyderabad, 2008” and “Energy Management and Conservation, IK Publishers, India, 2011”. He has received the University Best Researcher Cendekia Bitara Award for the year 2010 from the Chief Minister of Pahang State, Malaysia. One of his research scholars stood 4th at the National level competition held at Calcutta in Feb 2009. Finally coming to his projects He has successfully accomplished 8 projects & few others are in progress…… “Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world.”

JNTUH College of Engineering Manthani, Centenary Colony, Pannur (Vlg), Kamanpur (Mdl), Karimnagar Dist., A.P-505212

Head of the Department Department of Computer Science Engineering

Dr. K. Shahu Chatrapathi

Dr. K. Shahu Chatrapatati is the senior Asst. professor of Computer science Department.He pursued his B.tech, M.tech and Ph.D in CSE. He works at JNTUH having an excellent teaching experience of 13 years. He worked in various capacities like lecturer, Asst. Professor, Convener of national technical fest at JNTUHCEM and HOD. He currently works as Head of computer Science department at JNTUHCE Manthani. Subjects of his expertise are Computer Networks, Software Engineering, Data Mining and Ware Housing, Compilers, Theory of Automata, Distributed and Cloud Computing. He has published his research papers in about 3 international journals and 6 international conferences. Few of his authored papers are “Competitive Equilibrium Approach for Load Balancing a Computational Grid with Communication Delays” published in the Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology,“Competitive Equilibrium Approach for Load Balancing a Data Grid”published in theInternational Journal of Computer Science Issues and “Game Theory and its Applications in Computer Science” accepted for publication in International Journal of Recent Trends in Engineering & Technology, Nov 2011. He has attended 5workshops:5-Day Intensive course on “PHOENIX IR TRANFORMATIONS” at IIIT Hyderabad, “Data Warehousing and Data Mining” workshop under TEQIP at Dept. of CS in JNTUK, UGC sponsored “Orientation Course”, ASC JNTUH, One day National workshop on “UbiComp India 2008”, organized by CDAC, Hyderabad and R&D, Department of Information Technology, Government of India and UGC Sponsored Refresher Course on “Information System Security”, ASC JNTU. He is also noted for his good oratory skills along with his grip over the subject for which he was called to deliver a expert Lecture on Theory of Computation at Dept. of CSE, Swarnandhra College of Engineering, Narsapuram and expert Lecture on Compiler Construction at Dept. of CSE at Kakinada Institute of Engineering and Technology, Kakinada. Also he was called to conduct Training Classes to the AP State Police on “Computer Fundamentals” at Dept of CSE, JNTUK. The Linux philosophy is laugh in the face of danger,’ oops wrong one. Do it yourself.’ Yes that’s it- Linux Torvalds

JNTUH College of Engineering Manthani, Centenary Colony, Pannur (Vill), Kamanpur (Mdl), Karimnagar Dist., A.P-505212

Professor Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering .

Prof.N.V.Ramana

Dr.N.V.Ramana, Professor and HOD of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Dept., at JNTUH College of Engineering-Manthani. He obtained his M.Tech from S.V University, Tirupathi and PhD from JNTU. He joined JNTU in the year 1992 and worked in various capacities as Lecturer, Assistant professor, Associate professor, H.O.D and vice principal. He has 24 years of teaching experience and 2 years of Industrial experience as an Assistant engineer in APSEB (Andhra Pradesh State Electricity Board). Dr. N.V.Ramana has published over 40 national & international journals, few of his authored works are “Recent Philosophies of AGC of a Hydro – Thermal System in Deregulated Environment” in the International Journal Of Advances in Engineering & Technology; “A Fast Computational Technique to Trace V – Q Curve Using Broyden – Shaman ski Method” published in the International Review on Modeling and simulations and so on. Apart from this he has single authored two text books -“POWER SYSTEM ANALYSIS” and “POWER SYSTEM OPERATION CONTROL” papers in many He has submitted papers in many international conferences and also international Journal on Modeling and simulation (IREMOS). He presented invited lecture in the-International Conference on Emerging Trends in Electrical Engineering and Energy Management (ICETEEEM-2012), 2012 IEEE International Conference on Power Electronics, Drives and Energy Systems, Bangalore, India. He is internationally exposed for his paper presentations submitted at Singapore, Malaysia, Canada, USA and New Zealand. He lectured in reputed Universities like Georgia Tech, Virginia Tech (USA), Nayang University (Singapore), and Wellington University (Wellington), apart from all IIT’S. Under his supervision 2 scholars have completed their PhDs. He attended duties of AICTE as an expert Committee member for NBA and is a Life member of ISTE and Fellow of Institute of Engineers. Under his able supervision many student workshops/seminars were organized and conducted successfully. He has also chaired a number of workshops and seminars for imparting and improvising quality education for faculty.

“The mind is not a vessel to be filled, but a fire to be kindled.” - Plutarch

JNTUH College of Engineering Manthani, Centenary Colony, Pannur (Vill), Kamanpur (Mdl), KarimnagarDist., A.P-505212

Head of the Department Department of Mechanical Engineering

Dr. K. Prasanna Lakshmi

Dr. Kaujala Prasanna Lakshmi (K.P.L) is known for her dedication towards mechanical department. She completed her Bachelor of Technology in Mechanical Engineering from NBKRIST (Nellore), Master in Technology in Production Engineering from S.V.U (Tirupathi) and got her Ph.D in the year 2011 for her thesis titled “Motion planning of multiple robots” Robotics from JNTU, ANANTHAPUR. She has a good teaching experience of 10 years, she has joined JNTU PULIVENDULA in 2006 and later on she got transferred to JNTUH JAGITYAL in Jan, 2009 and joined the duties of Head of Mechanical Department and Incharge H.O.D of Mining Machinery Engg. Dept. in JNTUH CE MANTHANI Since Dec 2011 till date. She is a member of various organizations such as Indian institution of production engineers (MIIP), Institute of Scientific and Technology Engineers (MISTE) AND Institute of engineers (MIE). She has a attended an international conference held at Nanded. She has published 3 national journals and 7 international journals. She has attended around 7 workshops. She has also organized A National Level technical Workshop on BASICS OF CFD on 6th, 7th Sept. 2013. She has been awarded for Best paper presented in AP SCIENCE Congress chapter held in 2009. She has attended various workshops held at KITS Huzurabad on the topic-“Solar Technical”, “Recent trends in manufacturing” in CBIT, “Simulation and modeling” in NIT Warangal. She has presented a paper titled” Decision making in multiple mobile robots” at an International Conference in Computer Science and Information Technology (ICCSCIT) held at Nanded. Under her guidance 20 B.Tech students have submitted their projects. She has Presented 10 guest lecturers in different production Technology fields. She has also attended as a chief guest for an orientation course and refresher course under UGC. She has also attended a 10 days training programme in CNC Turning and milling at Chennai. Her subjects of expertise are the various subjects of different Production Technology Fields. She has also undertaken various administrative activities like Deputy Warden at JNTUH JAGITYAL and JNTUH CE Manthani. She has also conducted spot valuation process and acted as spot coordinator. She also works as Chief Executive for SAC in JNTUH CE Manthani.

The task of modern education is not to cut down the jungles, but to irrigate the deserts. By C.S. Lewis

dhiyonaha.blogspot.com

PERSONAL TOUCH- a casual talk …With our beloved principal

By: Ravi Chander, Abhinav

There is no need of command over every subject but you should be thorough in the subject you are interested in. you can impress judges by given a thorough explanation with flowcharts and drawings.

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What pictures do you get in your mind when you think of your childhood? Hmmm...We used to enjoy a lot in our village where we had a stream where most of my childhood memories are related, we use to swim and I enjoyed fishing with my friends.

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Can u say something about your schooling? My school is ZPHS, Maripeda(Warangal).There the students were very much disciplined. My school friends still remember me and are in contact with me.

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What about your college days. My college days began with my diploma course from 1984-87 at Mahaboobnagar. Later on I joined B.tech at JNTU Anantapur.

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Now you are running a college successfully. Did you attain any leadership activity in learning stage? Yes… In 1983 I was elected as president (Student leader) in elections by all the students of SC, ST & minority hostels. I was just about to complete my schooling at that time.

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The person inspired in your life? A lady inspired me a lot. (Smiling). If a girl inspires you positively you can’t be stopped to reach your goal .If a girl inspires you negatively, even a bottle of wine wouldn’t be enough to digest.

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Which of your action hurts yourself? It hurts me when I should take action on students.

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Naturally…I am a hard willed person. I never mind the situation, just being positive. .….……al attitude . Is this post satisfying you? Yes, of course because I love to serve students.

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How was your Engineering life I obtained my B.Tech degree from JNTUAnantapur (1988-92). We enjoyed a lot in our engineering .At the same time we gave preference to our studies.

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What are you fascinated about? I am fascinated towards politics to serve people. I had tried for MLA ticket for Dornakal constituency, Warangal.

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Can you please share your first interview experience? Yaaa..It is the only interview I attended for assistant professor .It was at JNTU Masabtank – Hyderabad in Oct 1992.i was also frightened as any other.

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Did you prefer team work or individual work? I prefer individual work to team work.

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Any success stories in your individual work? Yes, I am succeesful in individual work ,financially taking individual decisions which have been very successful.

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Any suggestions for us to get through interviews?

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What experience had helped you in this field? Before coming to this college I had worked as Deputy Warden, Incharge of NSS .All those stages helped me a lot.

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Which achievement do you consider as greatest in your life? Passing of 10th class (smiling).

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How do you evaluate success? No one will get 100% success in a single attempt. You should increase the rate of success step by step based on your learning experience and also from the teachings of life.

No one will get 100% success in a single attempt. You should increase the rate of success step by step based on your learning experience and also from the teachings of life. 

We think that everyone faces ups and downs in their lives. what will be your policy when the things go harder? Naturally…I am a strong willed person. I never mind the situation, just being positive.

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If time goes back what you wanted to be? I will choose Civil services (IAS). I have qualified in groups (mains) and gone upto interview levels but not succeeded. Due to different reasons I did not try again.

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What is your opinion about principal-student relation? There should be a friendly environment between them.

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After completing your graduation lots of students selecting abroad for their career .your comment please… Compare to abroad the opportunities are less in our country; the choices are more in abroad so they can choose other countries. Even though they are out of our boundary they represent our country. I saw a temple in Boston (USA) in 2008, it is as good as in our country. Our tradition is spreading by this.

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Now a day’s education is turning to business. My fee is 10,000 per year where as a school student should pay 30,000 -40,000 per annum. Can we gain back a steady stage? Yes, we can rebuild the educational system by systematic rules reinitializing government school concepts and implementing new schemes by ruling parties.

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At present most of the graduates are jobless then what is the use of education to all with a lack of opportunities? The Government should provide jobs or should give pensions for a short period of time till he/she gets a job. Learning can be done in a way the students themselves create employment opportunities rather than waiting for jobs.

 What are your feelings while promoting you as a principal to JNTUHCEM in the place Dr.Chandralingam? Frankly saying. I had my own apprehensions because it is a new place, a rural background and involvement of local politics. 

If you’re the student of JNTUHCEM in this situation what will you do? I may not allow a single class to run with lack of facilities (smiling).



Few words to us? All the students should work hard and maintain discipline. Rise to the occasion, achieve your goals…

Mining Engineering (An overview) AnishGoud.P, Devender.D III B.tech, Dept. of Mining Engg. University College of Engg. JNTUH, Manthani Pilot sentenceâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;Early-man would have still felt it is so early to be a modern man without Mining! No civilization would have prospered without mining. Despite the importance of mining in all the civilizations that flourished, perished and which are still nourishing, there have been myths left out in people about career in mining engineering. The intent of this article is to bring out to notice of common man regarding the mining engineering, its study, job opportunities, higher studies and other vital related aspects. A)

Introduction: Great mining men and women possess an inherent need to explore and be at the forefront of discovery. They search for minerals the instant, the investigation, the examination and the discovery is just the stuff of intelligence but it is engineering and talent of mining engineers that makes the real difference in the mining industry. Modern mining today looks nothing like it did even just a few short years ago. Once the mineral discovery has been made and initial drill holes have confirmed the deposit, thatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s when the work of mining engineer really begins. The industry is run by mining engineers dependent on engineering and talent of these highly trained, highly talented, highly skilled men and women. Finding a deposit is challenging enough in its own right but itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s the way you do it to the deposit counts most. With the help of geologists mining engineers figure out geophysical, geochemical, rock mechanical, stratigraphical properties of deposit and surrounding material and then decide is it best suited to be mined in open pit or underground method, technologies to be applied keeping in mind how mining to be done economically and eco-friendly manner. The industry and society demands the best, excellence is the goal. Mining engineers plan every move, they will model the blasting sequence to focus and concentrate on the energy to the desired location so that environmental impact is minimized, computer simulations model the work, guide the harvest and prepare ultimate mine closure, environmental reclamation and restoration. Mining engineers are not only responsible for the hundreds of millions of currency spent on a mine site but they are counted on to generate the billions of revenue that a mine can generate which include revenue for share-holders that own them, for the communities that depend on them and for the government that receive the taxes from them. Mining engineers are at the centre of this game of making profit, they call the signals, they choose the equipment and they select the methods, and take decisions that determine the degree of success of mine.

No one else can take a mineral deposit and turn into a mine; mining engineers are the only ones in the world who can do that. Perhaps the greatest challenge facing the mining industry is the nature while business there we alter the landscape there they change the look of an area and it should be done properly. Mining engineers are called punch creators and built mines they are also called punch recliners to store the environment at the end of the harvest and to retrain the land to nature as it should be. B)

Study in B.E (B.Tech): The mining engineers like most engineers, have to study basic mathematics, physics, chemistry, and calculus. Then a few courses in basic mining theory: What makes an underground mine; the essence of open pits; basic blasting theory; and a bit of finance and accounting, a short course on environmental studies, social policy, sustainable propaganda, and community relations. The learning in mining is much practical oriented so it is mandatory for students to go for regular field visits of different mines and take up industrial trainings and internships. The mining engineering students have to attend a few conferences where professors and consultants market to each other via papers based on case histories and ideas re-circulated from decades past. There student will have met the leaders of industry and recruiting agents for big and mid-sized mining companies who will inspire and help them to take up a particular path. C) Different options after Engineering are: 1) A job in mining Industry:

4 In general there are only few mining engineers at a mine but sure to be more mechanical, chemical, and civil engineers than mining engineers as there is a lot more mechanical, chemical, and civil work than mining work to be done at the typical mine. The mining engineer however is the boss, the mine manager, the chief mine planner, the executive officer, the primary decision maker. The senior mining engineer aims to leave the management of the mine to younger souls and move up the ladder to head office, there to buy and sell mines, negotiate deals, and set budgets and schedules. 2)

Other options: The point is that mining engineer’s span the range from the most detailed oriented to the highest, bigpicture thinkers. As in all branches of engineering, there are the creators, the dreamers, the idealists, the philosophers, the soldiers, the warriors, the workers, those who inspire, those who manage, those who lead and those who follow. i. Master’s degree: Some of the Mining engineering graduates go on to do a master’s degree and then go into consulting, for a master’s is the working degree of consulting to the mining industry. And if you are a mining engineer without a master’s but about few years practical experience at mines, you too can come to the city to work for a consultant. Mining engineers can then be in consulting who design the underground workings or layout the new open pit mine. They run computer codes that simulate material movements, calculate operating costs, and schedule repairs. They use computer codes to calculate slope stability, quantify overburden stripping ratio, and hence establish the economics of an ore body. ii. Regulatory Agencies: Some mining engineers start working in regulatory agencies at national (like DGMS, IBM, CIMFR,NIRM, GSI of India) and state level overseeing the mining industry. Their work is critical to mine safety, and their publications are impeccable and impressive. iii. Junior Mining Company: Mining engineers find their own junior mining companies. With geologists, they find new ore bodies, engage drillers, write press releases, list stocks, encourage investors, skim a few units of currency, and succeed or fail as the market fluctuates in response to Chinese demand. Few companies go bankrupt. Some go on to fortunes, when they sell out to a mid-sized company. They thrill to the trek into the forest, and peering through a magnifying glass at visible gold in a core specimen. They thrill to the sound of a drill rig echoing in the mountains, the thud of a box of new core, and the geologist’s remarks on grubby paper: ore heavy with silver. iv.

Other options: a. Opt for teaching and stay at research universities pursuing Ph.D. b. Some like the hustle of organizing conferences and competing as academics with honest consultants. c. Write books, online courses, EduMine courses, churn out academic papers on socially responsible mining and sustainable development d. Some work for investment firms, use advanced statistics to pick potential stock winners and losers. D)

Various ways of entering mining industry: Keep in mind that one need not have to study mining engineering to enter the mining industry. You could become a civil engineer and develop mining infrastructure:

the roads, bridges, shafts, structures, and tailings facilities that are key to mining. You could become a mechanical engineer: manage the shovels, the trucks, the crushers, and spreaders, and the pipes and pumps of the mine. You could become a chemical, process, or metallurgical engineer and oversee extraction of minerals from the ore. Or become an environmental engineer and take care of air quality, surface water and groundwater quality and all the other potential impacts of a mine on its surroundings. Lawyers and accountants, human resource professionals, and health and safety specialists are needed at the mine. People who like working with people and communities, study community relations and then go to mining. All of these professions bring personal and financial rewards at mines far and near. Inspite of having various options for an entry into mining Industry. The ultimate boss is a mining engineer. E)

Need of innovativeness: No two days in the life of the mining engineers are the same as such every day is both a challenge and reward there is nothing else quiet like it. For the future of mining is not a repeat of the old ways. If we are to prosper as societies, we need to mine in new ways. And the future of mining and the benefits of civilization depend on the ideas and skills of mining engineers yet to be educated. As a young mining engineer, we have to overthrow all that we know and do, and reinvent the world to make it possible for future generations to go on, survive, enjoy material benefits, and protect the world that is all we have and can pass on. F)

Conclusive sentences: These are a small part of the mining engineering fraternity. They prove the immense diversity of mining engineering pursuits and endeavours. They demonstrate that if you choose to study mining engineering that is only the beginning. Once graduated there is an infinite variety of opportunities out there just waiting for you to choose one or more lifestyle that suite your instincts, interests, abilities, and life-style choices. Thinking of career as a mining engineer..?? No you’re going somewhere. References: [1] Jack Caldwell, “What do mining engineers do?” November 9, 2012; http://www.mining.com/web/what-domining-engineers-do/ [2]“Occupation-Details”,My-future; http://www.myfuture.edu.au/The%20Facts/Work%20and%20 Employment/Occupations/Details.aspx?anzsco=233611A

I.T to H.M.T

Hindustan Machine Tools

Hindustan Machine Tools abbreviation of HMT, a famous company dealing with the production and manufacture of several mechanical products. It has several manufacturing units such as watches, tractors, machine tools, bearings, printing machinery, food processing machinery etc units. Its main branch is situated in Delhi. This report is on our industrial visit in HMT Machine Tools ltd. Located in Hyderabad est. in 1967. The interest in selecting HMT for our internship is that the machines manufactured here are of higher accuracy following the required quality standards and also they have long life, Being one of the oldest inceptions can also be credited as a reason for us in opting this company. Our one month schedule was divided for pattern shop, foundry, heat treatment, small parts and heavy part manufacturing, press division and finally assembly. First day, our visit was to pattern shop where the patterns of required work piece are made.

This work absolutely involves a lot of patience as it requires accuracy and the ability to understand the drawing properly. Inspite of normal ruler here they use pattern mans scale for facilitating the allowances. Here we got to know up to what level, we are able to analyze a

machine drawing. Our next visit was to foundry Section which was so huge with four cranes inbuilt in it which aids in carrying the heavy mould boxes and work pieces. Unlike the foundry process in our college which we donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t make the gate systems, channels, pour basin etc, here we have seen and learnt how to make them with the help of an operator there. Next we moved to manufacturing section where, the casting from the foundry workshop is processed through several mechanical operations for final assembly. Here we got a chance to see milling, grinding, H.boring, V.Boring, planing, drilling and lathe machine operations.

The work piece is diverted to small parts, medium parts or heavy parts section based on its size. Every operator is supplied with a detailed layout which comprises the drawing of work piece, the processes it should undergo, along with the information of tolerances and allowances given to the work piece. For example: The layout we have seen for manufacturing a spur gear consisted the list of operations: 1. Cutting 2. Turning 3. Fitting 4. Gear hobbing 5. Fitting 6. Carburizing and annealing 7. Turning 8. Fitting

Finally to the assembly section, all the work pieces from manufacturing section after undergoing all the operations required as per the layout is then sent for assembling it into a final machine. At the time of our visit to assembly section we have seen the assembly of horizontal boring machine which was an order from Ajmer. After final assembling, testing and inspection done, the total machine is dis-assembled and delivered to the customer.

9. Hardening 10. Sand blasting 11. Inter grinding 12. Gear grinding After this some of the work pieces which require which require accuracy in microns are moved to L-centre (work place was named because of its shape but not of any technical meaning). It is well maintained with air conditioner for not getting dimensional faults with varying room temperatures. Some special measuring instruments we have seen are 1. Pupitus used for run out 2. checking, 2. Millimess used in vernier 3. Micrometer etc.

Previously it achieved projects like SPMs successfully given for defense and railways. SOME OF THE MAJOR PROJECTS IT ACHEIEVED:1.5-AXIS machine center 2.3-AXIS CNC machine 3. PLANO MILLING CENTRE 4. CAM SHAFT MILLING machine 5.5-AXIS HONEY COMB MILLING Machine It has a rich history of achieving several awards but its current condition isn’t good due to several factors. The same situation can be seen in several government companies which affected our country’s economy

Brain teaser

drastically. Most of us move away from own land and movi ng abro ad as it is us who are born in this land of numerous intellectuals to develop such companies and flush back our Indian economy. As an engineer we aren’t only a producer of new technology but, it becomes a pride to develop these old ones also. Not to say in the words but to get into the action is the real meaning….. By Vamshi Bhagyaraj Soma, Tejaswi Manthatti Raj Kumar Jakkula, Srimukh Reddy Janga, Praveen Kumar Thatis

Manthani BSNL laid a 210 wire cable between centenary colony and Peddapally for telephone connections but there was a problem in the cable wires. None of the BSNL officers could have a solution with minimal losses. One of the officer’s son was studying at JNTM. The Officer approached his son for a solution. He told his son that they don’t have any modern equipments but they can use standard equipments like battery, bulb, tape& pen. Since the wires were identical one has to identify the faulty wires at both sides without ripping it all up. The distance between the two telephone exchange centers was 20 km. He must also consider there should be minimum travel expenses. So what is the minimum distance the workmen have to travel to fix the problem according to the officer son's plan?

Gallery Aavishkruth 2K13

Aavishkruth, 2K13-Principal, Vice Principal, Chief guests and HODs inaugurating the Aavishkruth Posters.

A photo gallery of NTPC was held at the entrance showing our thankfulness to the funds they have provided.

A beautiful Sand art of Aavishkruth being drawn by the students during the National level Technical Symposium Aavishkruth held at JNTUHCEM on 7th, 8th March 2013.

Robo Soccer held during the Aavishkruth on the day of fest.

Various entertainment games and stalls held on the days of fest

Gallery Aavishkruth 2K13

Various Dept. paper presentations were held, where many Students from various colleges took part in it.

A photo gallery named â&#x20AC;&#x153;Palm Islandâ&#x20AC;? was organized by the civil Dept. where information regarding earthquake resistant structures and information regarding structures were provided in the form of photographs.

Mine Carnival one of the centre of attraction for the fest

Excavator â&#x20AC;&#x201C; this is a machine used to remove the soil that obstructs during mining operations done in O.C.P.

Silo Bunker is seen very rarely in mining areas, used to fill the coal in trains.

Long Wall Method of Mining is a highly mechanized methods used to excavate coal easily in excess amount.

Rescue team provides necessary first aid to the employees injured during the mine accidents.

Gallery Aavishkruth 2K13

Sixth sense workshop conducted during the fest on 7 th,8th March 2013 at JNTUHCEM.

Price distribution to the winners by the chief guest Dr.Krishnamohan

Cultural events performed by the students

ELEMENTS AND CONSTRUCTON OF METRO TRAIN BY CHANDRASHEKHAR. LAKAVATH (CIVIL-3rd year) Introduction: Construction involves all the steps and procedures in their right sequences, which shows and realizing design in the field.The steps gone behind the construction is not visible on seeing but it is difficult task to implement. “There is no glory in the foundation”. EX: A construction looks and feels even more beautiful if it has a strong foundation; it is easy to realize that much of the design effort is waste if quality of construction is not good.Let’s we shall know steps involved in the construction of structure by PSC.

Benefits of the metro train

Project: Hyderabad metro project of length is 72 km &Cost of this project is 14000 crore’s.Due to this project, employment increases and Traffic problem will be decreased, Contribute towards national economy development & future investment.

Structure:

Any structure has basically two divisions Underground construction is called sub-structure, above ground level is called superstructure,foundationis that part of the structure which is direct contact with soilFoundation: generally two type’s,if depth of foundation is less than width then only it is said to be shallow foundation. Depth of foundation is less than or equal to width then it is said to be deep foundation. Shallow foundation:“Depth of foundation is less than width of foundation then it is said to be shallow foundation “ Steps involved while constructing shallow foundation (cast-in-situ): step1: first transform the plane from drawing sheet to site and marking central line in site of structure. Step2: Soil is excavated up to desired depth. Step3: Sand was sprinkled at the bottom of pit level of footing Step4: Nominal mix of (M10) concrete is 1:5:10 was pasted at the bottom of foundation, it gives neat platform to transfer plane from drawing sheet. Step5: Side form-work for footing was arranged to don't disturb the footing structure. Step6: Longitudinal and transverse reinforcement was placed on” chairs”. Step7: Pier-reinforcement was placed in marking position, and tied it with wires. Step8: Form work was to be arranged around the reinforcement, between reinforcement and form-work mortar blocks were used for the purpose of getting clear- coverence. Step9: To develop adequate bond with column section above the footing “kikers” were constructed. Step10: Form-work was removed after 12hrs when concrete attains final setting time, back filling of soil should be done after curing the footing structure for 10-15 days.

Shallow-Foundation: Preparation of pier by arranging steel scaffolding: In PSC the setting time of concrete is less then compared to ordinary Portland cement [OPC].The scaffolding is arranged around the reinforcement, Due to this type of scaffolding, molding of structure be done easily &it [frames] can be used for construction of other pier sections. Filling RMC after reinforcement arrangement with scaffolding of pier section: In piers M20GRADE concrete was used, mainreinforcement of dia20mm and stirrups reinforcement of diameter of 8mm.Concrete mix was 1:2:4 with this mix the mineral admixture stone dust added for the purpose to increase stiffness of structure. PREPARATION OF PIER BY ARRANGEMENT OF STEEL SCAFFOLDING AND FILLING RMC Scaffolding for pier cap: pier cap was internally poststressed by tendons located inside the concrete of structure,when segment was hardened up to 75% of its original herding ,compression is transmitted from tendons to concrete by 'anchorage ' devices(at end blocks). For pier cap uniaxial prestressing is adopted. Elastomeric rubber pad / Bearing pad: Bearing Pads, elastomers serves as a successor to transfer the load from the top of the bridge structure to the bottom of the bridge structure, and elastomers are located at the bottom of the bridge girder. Elastomers depend on the load of the bridge. There are two types of elastomers: Elastomeric Bearing Pads Plain - Without Plat Bearing, Pads elastomeric Plate - there are 2, 3, 4 or more plates on the inside of the elastomeric bearing pad

11 Advantages of PSC concrete against Ordinary reinforced concrete: Eliminates cracking of concrete, Shear was resisted by curved tendons, Steel quantity required for PSC is 1/3 of ordinary reinforced concrete , due to this bending of structure be reduces,Section remains uncracked under service loads, Steel corrosion reduces, Increase in durability of structure, For PSC Span to depth ratio is 45:1 , for ORC span to depth ratio is 28:1

Disadvantages:

Requires high quality dense concrete for high strength & compression, Cost of high tensile steel is 2.5 to3.5 times costlier than mild steel, Observation should be done all the time of construction, while preparing concrete at ingredients should be mixed in required ratio, While stressing tendons limited stress[tensile , compressive] should be applied otherwise segment may be crack External prestressing is adapted to the box girder after placing it in the site:

Arrangement of box girders by you-sing L.G machine, L.G machine have capacity of 25TONS GLUING: “Cream White" is a white cement ready to use on , non shrink, self curing cementation, adhesive for bonding ceramic, glass ,tiles, stone and marble etc. on vertical and horizontal surfaces.Hear it is used for sticking the segments which already prepared in PSC Plant.Mixing proportions: 5to5.5 kg‘s of water per 20 kg bag, Mix thoroughly with clean water for a minimum of 3 minutes ,Workable time 60 - 90 minutes at +27°C,Average thickness is 5mm while applying to segments Slab section on top of girder: Figure shows the top level of box girder, this is two ways track line, Reinforcem ent left for tracks arrangeme nt

Applying gluing to segments with average thickness of 5mm for sticking purpose: Post stressing: One end of tendon was fixed by anchorages (dead end), next end (live end) was used for stressing pupose. Stressing be done with in limits i.e upto girder don't enter the tensile loading, when service load acting on it. Cleavages for locking at ends of PSC girders One cable [tendon] can bare 6 tons of load, Tensioning of tendons be done with rotating in clock wise out-ward axial direction of girder. High strength steel tendons has strength of 1750 N/m ² and yielding point 1260N/ m ²,tendons of dead end was fixed with anchorages and prestressed force was applied at live-end of the girder. Tendons of stain is less than compared to M.S steel for example strain of tendon is 5mm only after 50years usage in site. Veges have threading those allows only cable out ward direction only. Cement-Grouting: Grouting is done to avoid corrosion of tendons. It means Injection of cement into girders from anchorage heads, this end is called as “live- end”. The mixing proportion of water & cement is 1:1.3.Grouting is done at below 20°c, since to reduce heat production while mixingthe water with cement at the time of grouting. Grouting pressure is between 0.5to 0.7 N/m ².

Conclusion: By adopting 'psc' method quick arrangement of structure (flyover) was prepared, there by completing the project faster to reduce city’s heavy traffic. Launching girders machine [L.G] This machine helps to suspend segments in same level; it helps to connect adhesive segments by applying gluing to individual segments, by using L.G machine post-stressing of tendons to be done with the help of HYDROLIC MACHINE. Launching girders machine [L.G]

Thanks for helping my dear friends in doing this work Sandeep.P(eee), Sreevani.J (civil), Rashmi.R.L (Civil), Krishnakumar.R(civil), Prasad.V (civil).

12 Waste Power

HUSK POWER SYSTEM by Vinayak Varghat, Jaweed. MD

usk Power Systems is a startup company based in Bihar, India, that provides power to 1000’S of rural Indians using a biomass gasifier. The fuel used is a waste product of rice huller i.e., rice husk. According to a survey conducted by the International Energy Agency in sept 2010, 1.4 billion people worldwide have no access to electricity, including 400 million people in India. Millions of people die each year due to indoor air pollution caused by the combustion of traditional fuels for domestic uses. In India there are 125,000 villages without electricity and 80 million of those reside in Bihar.

Finance:-

The company is simplified to more resource efficient units. Ash generated largely consists of silica, is removed using a hand-operated crank. It can be used as fertilizer or to make cement blocks also incense sticks. Agents are hired to collect payments from customers for electricity also sells CFL bulbs. Two members of the team, Charles "Chip" Ransler and Manoj Sinha, students at the Darden Graduate School of Business Administration at the University of Virginia, developed a business plan that earned $60,000. In 2009, the company won an inaugural global business plan competition sponsored by venture capital firm Draper Fisher Jurvetson and Cisco Systems and will receive a$250,000 investment from the two firms to help improve the basic technology. Service areas:Husk Power Systems serves 150,000 people through its 60 systems in villages in India’s states of Bihar, TamilNadu and West Bengal using "mini power-plants" that each generate 3 to 100 kilowatts of power, providing up to 7 hours. Primarily during the evening hours when light is needed. A total of over 2,000 units up and running by the end of 2014.

Generating:-

Husk Power Systems, provides electricity for six to 7 hours each evening, to about 100,000 people across 125 villages, using only rice husk. A typical Husk Power Systems (HPS) compound occupies5000-6000 square foot of land with a small biomass gasifier on it, one storey tall and slim enough that two men could encircle it with their arms. Biomass gasification is a simple and relatively old process, in which biomass is heated to very high temperatures in an atmosphere of less than 1% oxygen. Under these conditions, it does not burn in flames, but turns into a ‘producer gas.’ In the HPS compound, there are large piles of biscuit-coloured rice husk for feeding the machine and smaller piles of black rice husk char, which is the small amount of solid waste the gasification process generates in addition to the gas. Next to the gasifier are four filters for cleaning tar and dust from the gas, and a generator in which the producer gas is used to drive turbine and create electricity. From the compound run the HPS wires that carry electricity to houses within maximum distance of two to three kilometers, because, beyond that, there begins to be a drop in voltage. To further increase efficiency, HPS insist customers to use only energysaving CFL bulbs. India’s rural electrification programme focuses on extending a main electricity grid, but it is estimated that 40 million people in the country still have no electricity. To date, they have 35 power plants in operation; four of 52kW and the rest 32kW installed capacity. The rice husks used to fuel the process are purchased from local rice mills for one rupee per kilogram. Hence HPS focuses primarily on villages that are off-grid, with good rice husk and a demand for electricity.

WHY ENGINEER’S DAY…?

Bharat Ratna Mokshagundam Visvesvaraya, notable Indian engineer,scholar, statesman and the Diwan of Mysore During 1997 to 1919. He was a recipient of the Indian republic’s highest honour, the Bharat Ratna, in 1995. He was knighted as A Commander of the Indian Empire by king George V for his myriad contributions to the public good. He is held in high regard as the first and preeminent engineer of India. He was the chief designer of the flood protection system for the city of Hyderabad.

EARLY YEARS:

Visvesvaraya was born to Srinivasa Sastry and Venkachamma in Muddenahalli village, 40 miles from Bangalore, India. The family name “Mokshagundam” preserves the memory of his association with Andhra Pradesh. His father was a Sanskrit scholar and an authority on Hindu Dharmashastras (theology), besides being an Ayurvedic practitioner Sir M>V. attended primary school in Chikballapur and high school in Bangalore. He earned his BA. From Madras University at the college of Science, Pune. CAREER AS ENGINEER: Upon graduating as an engineer, Visvesvaraya took up a job with the public works Department (PWD) of Bombay (now known as Mumbai) and was later invited to join the Indian Irrigation Commission. He implemented an extremely intricate system of irrigation in the Deccan area

He also designed and patented a system of automatic weir water floodgates that were first installed in 1903 at the khadakvasala reservoir near Pune.These gates were employed to raise the flood supply level of storage in the reservoir to the highest level likely to be attained by a flood without causing any damage to the dam. Based on the success of the gates, the same system was installed at the Tigra dam in Gwalior and the Krishan Raja Sagara(KRS) dam in Madhya/Mysore,Karnataka. In 1906-07, government of India sent him to Eden,(Africa) to study water supply and drainage system and the project prepared by him was implemented in Eden successfully. Visvesvaraya achieved celebrity status when he designed a flood protection system for the city of Hyderabad. He was instrumental in developing a system to protect Vishakhapatnam port from sea erosion. Visvesvaraya supervised the construction of the KRS Dam across the Cauvery River from concept to inauguration.

This dam created the biggest reservoir in Asia when it was built. He was rightly called the “ father of modern Mysore state” (now Karnataka): during his period of service with the government of Mysore state, he was responsible for the founding of,(under the patronage of Mysore Government), the Mysore soap factory, the parasitoid laboratory, the Mysore iron & steel works(now known as Visvesvaraya iron and steel limited) n Bhadravathi, the Sri Jayachamarajendra polytechnic institute, the Bangalore agricultural university, the state bank of Mysore, the century club, Mysore chambers of commerce and numerous other industrial ventures. He encouraged private investment in industry during his tenure as Diwan of Mysore. He was instrumental in charting out the plan for road construction between Tirumala and Tirupathi. He was known for sincerity, time management and dedication to a cause.

Awards and honours:

Visvesvaraya was appointed a companion of the order of the Indian empire (CIE) in 1911. In 1915, while he was the Diwan of Mysore, Visvesvaraya was knighted as a knight Commander of the order of the Indian empire(KCIE) by the British for his myriad contributions to the public good.

14 After India attained independence, Sir M. Visvesvaraya was given the nation’s highest honour, the Bharat Ratna, in 1955.Sir M.V. was honored with honorarymembership ofthe international institution of civilengineers (based in London) and a fellowship of the Indian institute of science (based in Bangalore). He was awarded several honorary doctoral degrees like D.Sc., LL.D., D.litt. from eight universities in India. He was president of the 1923 session of the Indian science congress. Sir M.V. was awarded honorary membership of London institution of civil engineers for an unbroken 50 years. Every year September 15 is celebrated as world engineer’s day worldwide in honour of the great technocrat and visionary. By: Abhinav Gampa, Sai Krishna.K

Brain Teaser: In 1300 A.D., Raphael an innocent farmer lived in the renowned ancient city, Athens. His ruthless landlords took advantage of his innocence and compelled him to admit a crime which he didn't perpetrate and poor Raphael was sent to jail. Seeing the poor condition of Raphael, two Greek Goddesses Athena and Venus took pity on him and decided to relieve him from his agony. As Raphael was helplessly staring at the 6 gates[a, ß, e, d, e, µ ] respectively of the prison. He heard a sudden thunder and the prison was filled with the echo of footsteps, and there came Venus from the 1st gate a and Athena from the 6th gate µ. They promised him to get him out of there if he passed a test. They said “Oh Son! The task for you is to pass through all these six gates, passing through gate only once in the correct order. Where only 3 are entrances and remaining 3 are exits. Gate a must be succeeded by ß or e ; ß by e or e ; e by d or µ ; d by a or µ ; e by ß or d ;and µ by e or d . With that they headed out through gate ß .Please help Raphael to complete this task and get out of jail.

It’s still magic even if you know how it’s done -- Terry pratchett 78

Cloud computing

Cloud computing is a subscription-based service where you can obtain networked storage space and computer resources. One way to think of cloud computing is to consider your experience with email. Your email client, if it is Yahoo!, Gmail, Hotmail, and so on, takes care of housing all of the hardware and software necessary to support your personal email account. When you want to access your email you open your web browser, go to the email client, and log in. The most important part of the equation is having internet access. Your email is not housed on your physical computer; you access it through an internet connection, and you can access it anywhere. If you are on a trip, at work, or down the street getting coffee, you can check your email as long as you have access to the internet. Your email is different than software installed on your computer, such as a word processing program. When you create a document using word processing software, that document stays on the device you used to make it unless you physically move it. An email client is similar to how cloud computing works. Except instead of

accessing just your email, you can choose what information you have access to within the cloud. 1For more information please seeThe NIST Definition of Cloud Computing at http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/drafts/8 00-145/Draft-SP-800-145_clouddefinition.pdf. Different Computing Models  Utility computing  Why buy machines when you can rent cycles?  Examples: Amazon’s EC2, GoGrid, AppNexus  Platform as a Service (PaaS)  Give me nice API and take care of the implementation  Example: Google App Engine  Software as a Service (SaaS)  Just run it for me!  Example: Gmail Life before cloud computing Traditional business applications have always been very complicated and expensive. The amount and variety of hardware and software required to run them are daunting. You need a whole team of experts to install, configure, test, run, secure, and update them. When you multiply this effort across dozens or hundreds of apps, it’s easy to see why the biggest companies with the best IT departments aren’t getting the apps they need. Small and mid-sized businesses don’t stand a chance. Advantages •Lower cost of ownership •Reduce infrastructure management responsibility •Allow for unexpected resource loads •Faster application rollout

Nagender Reddy.S 11VD1A0517

CONTINOUS MINERS by Samuel Prathap. V, Bhargav.CH, Chaitanya.M The first and foremost modernization process in underground coal mining is CONTINOUS MINER. CONTINOUS MINER:-The continuous miner product line has been developed to meet high productivity requirements of today’s underground coal mining industry. Continuous miner (CM) operates a ROOM AND PILLAR mining system. A series of 18 or 20 foot wide rooms are driven in coal bed with pillars and columns of coal left standing to help support the roof. Roof bolts, typically 2 to 3 meters long steel bolts inserted into roof strata to bind the strata together to support roof.CM is used for both soft and hard cutting applications in any seam thickness. It will be operated by12 member per a shift Continuous miner is electrically powered and track mounted. It also eliminates Drilling and Blasting. This is used to develop long wall panels also. It has large rotating steel drum equipped with tungsten carbide teeth that scrape coal from seam at the rate of 8 to 15 tons of coal per minute. The scrape of coal is retrieved to any Mine Locomotives.

Generally in Continuous miner technology, ram car is used. Ram car is used to transport of coal from working face to mainline conveyor. It is rubber tired haulage vehicle that is unloaded through the use of a movable steel plate located at back of haulage belt. Ram car transports 12 tons of coal at a time. It is either by battery or diesel powered. It takes 24 seconds to discharge a load of coal into feeder breaker. It can travel with a speed of 6 mph.

BREAKER:-This is custom designed to minimize the operating costs and increase mine production by allowing haulage and conveying system to work most efficient rate FEEDER

MINE LOCOMOTIVES:-The coal extracted from the working face is retrieved on conveyor by any mine locomotives that are suitable for that condition

Surge capacity allows haulage equipment is discharge mined material at its maximum rate. Powerful rotary pick breaker reduces mined material to a consistent, easily handled size. Haulage interface intake end can be designed to work with any haulage equipment including battery powered like ram car, scoops, shuttle cars, LHD’s or trucks.

ATRS (Advanced Temporary Roof Support):-ATRS eliminates the need for

temporary posts and jacks in most applications. It also reduces the miner exposure hazards. Operates in seam height of 6 to 17 foot seam. High strength elevating booms drill without direct from floor below. Mechanized mesh rack and mat racks as well as winch on material pods facilitate loading and storing. Bolting pattern is established relative to roof and sides. Standard 90degrees mast tilt allows angle and rib drilling. Fletcher ATRS eliminates the need for temporary posts and jacks in most applications for side bolting.

CENTER:-Load center provides efficiency and safety, remains user friendly for the individuals who operate and maintain it, and complies with all applicable industry standards. It transforms high voltage input to low voltage outputs. It provides durable and reliable power centers of the highest quality. Robotic continuous miners with sensors will lead the next generation of continuous miners in India. Robotic continuous miner would have its own navigation and guidance systems as well as internal diagnostics to spot problems and video equipment to allow continuous monitoring of mining operations. “Thus Continuous miners of great usage with efficient usage of technology to make the work in the mines easier.” LOAD

.That may be Shuttle car or Ram car.

Creative people are the slowest to adopt new technology

NEAR

FIELD COMMUNICATION

NFC is a set of standards for smart phones and similar devices to establish radio communication with each other by touching them together or bringing them into close proximity.NFC standards cover communication protocols and data exchange formats, and are based on existing radio frequency identification(RFID) standards including ISO/IEC 18092 and those defined by the NFC forum, which was founded in 2004 by NOKIA,PHILIPS,SONY and now has more than 160 members. NFC is a set of short range wireless technologies, typically requiring a distance of 10cm or less. NFC operates at 13.56 MHz on ISO/IEC 180003 air interface and at rates ranging from 106kbits to 140kbits.

COMPARISION WITH BLUETOOTH:  NFC operates at slower speed than Bluetooth, but consumes far less power and doesn’t require paring.  The connection between two NFC devices is automatically established quickly in less than a tenth of a second.  NFC requires comparatively low power, similar to the Bluetooth V4.0 low energy protocol.  When NFC works with an unpowered device, however the NFC power consumption is greater than that of Bluetooth V4.0 low energy, since illuminating the passive tag needs extra power.

(NFC)

USES: NFC builds upon RFID system by allowing two way communications between end points, where earlier systems such as contact less smart cards were one wayonly. It has been used in devices such as SAMSUNG NEXUS, powered with ice-cream sandwich, named with a feature called “ANDROID BEAM”. Android beam uses NFC to enable Bluetooth on both devices, instantly pair them and disable Bluetooth once complete automatically on both devices. This only work between android devices version jelly bean and above. It has also been used in SAMSUNG GALAXY SIII with features named as s-beam. It is an extension of android beam. It is mainly used in:  Commerce  Social networking  Identity and access tokens  Smart phone automation and NFC tags

Rinisha.K 2nd C.S.E

18 Father of Indian nuclear programme Return to India: nd

During 2 world war, he returned back to India when decided not to go back and served at IISC Bengaluru headed by Sir C.V.Raman where he established Cosmic Ray Research Unit. He was elected as Fellow of Royal Society.

Homi J. Bhabha (1909-1966) Introduction: Homi Jahangir Bhabha was an Indian nuclear physicist, founding director, and professor of physics at the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research. Colloquially known as "father of Indian nuclear programme", Bhabha was the founding director of two well-known research institutions, namely the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR) and the Trombay Atomic Energy Establishment (now named after him); both sites were the cornerstone of Indian development of nuclear weapons which Bhabha also supervised as its director.

Homi J. Bhabha

Bhabha was born on 30 October 1909 to Jahangir Hormusji Bhabha and Meheren. He obtained his Mechanical Engineering degree from Cambridge University. He had at Cambridge University as he befriended with an influential theoretical physicist Raziuddin Siddiqui who participated in a British nuclear programme (Tube Alloys). He worked in Cavendish Laboratory towards his doctorate in physics. This lab was the birth place of discovery of neutron by James Chadwick. Coming to his research of nuclear physics, in 1933 January Bhabha first published scientific paper “The absorption of cosmic radiation” where he explained about the absorption features and electron shower production in cosmic rays that fetched him the doctorate in nuclear physics.After scoring first in math’s Tripos, in 1934 he received Isaac Newton studentship. In 1935 he received his doctorate in theoretical physics under Ralph.H.Fowler. In the same year he published his next paper in The Proceedings of Royal Society, Series A that said about the first calculation to determine cross section of electron-positron scattering which later got famous as Bhabha’s scattering. During his studentship he split his time working with Neil’s Bohr and in 1936 they published a paper “The passage of fast electron and the theory of cosmic showers” where they explained using their theories on how primary cosmic rays from outer space interact with the upper atmosphere to produce particles observed at ground level.

After joining IISC he discovered that there was no research institute for nuclear physics, cosmic rays, high energy rays and other fundamental topics of Physics. He then proposed J.R.D.Tata to establish a vigorous school of research in fundamental physics, where he explained that if a vigorous school of research in fundamental physics could be established then various competent research workers could work better when they are brought under a single umbrella united than scattered all over the India. Such school could solve immediate practical problems in industry and also become spear head of research in less advanced physics branches also. And also with sufficient number of pure researchers would set a standard for good research and act as its directing board for advisory. With this India will not have to look abroad for its experts but will find them ready at hand. The subjects on which research and advanced teaching would be done would be theoretical physics, especially on fundamental problems and with special reference to cosmic rays and nuclear physics, and experimental research on cosmic rays. It is neither possible nor desirable to separate nuclear physics from cosmic rays since the two are closely connected theoretically.

Then sir J.R.D.Tata trust accepted the proposal and to fund the institute choosing the suitable place as Bombay. In 1945 in an area about 540 sq. meters Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR). Initially it was done at Royal Yacht Club. Later for advancement of technology Bhabha realized that in Trombay about an area of 1200 acres land, it established in 1954 Atomic energy Establishment Trombay. In 1955Bhabha represented India in International Atomic Energy Forums (I.A.E.F) conference on and U.N conference on peaceful uses of Atomic Energy Geneva, Switzerland.

“Coming to his achievements he awarded with the *PADMABHUSHAN* in the year 1954 for the advancement of Nuclear physics.”

Father of Indian nuclear programme Vision behind Indiaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s 3-stage nuclear programme The main theme of this program is to focus on extracting nuclear power from the countryâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s vast Thorium reserves than meager Uranium reserve. Bhabha paraphrased the 3stage approach as:The long range at power programme in India must be based on Thorium rather than Uranium due to abundant Thorium reserve (500,000 tones currently 846,000 tones) in extractable form rather than meager Uranium reserves. Hire the first generation of atomic power station based on natural Uranium can only be used to start an atomic power programme. The second generation of power station may be regarded as an intermediate step, where Plutonium is produced by first generation power station used here to produce electric power and convert Thorium U-233 (depleted Uranium) into more plutonium with breeding gain.

The second generation of power stations may be regarded as an intermediate step for the breeder power stations of the third generation all of which would produce more U-233 than they burn in the course of producing power. As a result of Bhabha's vision, "India has the most technically ambitious and innovative nuclear energy program in the world. The extent and functionality of its nuclear experimental facilities are matched only by those in Russia and are far ahead of what is left in the US.

End of his journey: He died when Air India Flight 101 crashed near Mont Blanc on 24 January 1966.After his death, the Atomic Energy Establishment at Trombay was renamed as the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre in his honour.

The famed radio telescope at Ooty, India was his initiative, and it became a reality in 1970. The Homi Bhabha Fellowship Council has been giving the Homi Bhabha Fellowships since 1967 other noted institutions in his name are the Homi Bhabha National Institute; an Indian deemed university and the Homi Bhabha Centre for Science Education, Mumbai, India. By

Tejaswi.Manthatti

Brain Teaser

Neha was so fond of chocolates. On the eve of Diwali her dad Pranshu bought six boxes of chocolates of which two of them were red, two gold and two silver. Neha was very excited to see those boxes. She asked her dad to give her the chocolate boxes. Her dad just wanted to tease her and he gave her a puzzle to get the chocolates. He told her that two of the boxes contained 10 chocolates each, two contained 15 chocolates each and two contained 25 chocolates each. She was allowed to choose any two boxes of the same colour. The total contents of which would be her. To help her decide, her father left short notes on each box. The note on red boxes stated that "Both a gold box and a red box contain 10 chocolates each.", the one on silver boxes stated that " Both a silver box and a red box contain 25 chocolates each." and the one on gold boxes stated that " Both a gold box and a silver box contain 15 chocolates each."Only one of the three statements is correct and the corresponding two boxes contain the greatest total of the three possible pairs. Help Neha to get maximum number of chocolates and also give the contents of each pair.

Reinforced concrete By Uday Kumar

Reinforced concrete is a composite material in which concrete's relatively low tensile strength and ductility are counteracted by the inclusion of reinforcement having higher tensile strength and/or ductility. The reinforcement is usually, though not necessarily, steel Advantages of reinforced concrete

 It has relatively high compressive strength  It has better resistance to fire than steel  It has long service life with low maintenance cost  In some types of structures, such as dams, piers and footings, it is most economical structural material  It can be cast to take the shape required , making it widely used in pre-cast structural components  It yields rigid members with minimum apparent deflection  Yield strength of steel is about 15 times the compressive strength of structural concrete and well over 100 times its tensile strength  By using steel, cross sectional dimensions of structural members can be reduced e.g. in lower floor columns.

reinforcing bars (rebar) and is usually embedded passively in the concrete before it sets. Reinforcing schemes are generally designed to resist tensile stresses in particular regions of the concrete that might cause unacceptable cracking and/or structural failure. Modern reinforced concrete can contain varied reinforcing materials made of steel, polymers or alternate composite material in conjunction with rebar or not. For a strong, ductile and durable construction the reinforcement needs to have the following properties at least:  

High relative strength High toleration of tensile strain

 

Good bond to the concrete, irrespective of pH, moisture, and similar factors Thermal compatibility, not causing unacceptable stresses in response to changing temperatures.

Disadvantages of reinforced concrete   

It needs mixing, casting and curing, all of which affect the final strength of concrete The cost of the forms used to cast concrete is relatively high It has low compressive strength as compared to steel (the ratio is about 1:10 depending on material) which leads to large sections in columns/beams of multistory buildings Cracks develop in concrete due to shrinkage and the application of live loads

Structural members must be designed to support specific loads. Loads are those forces for which a structure should be proportioned. Loads that act on structure can be divided into three categories. 1. Dead loads 2. Live loads 3. Environmental load Dead Loads: Dead loads are those that are constant in magnitude and fixed in location throughout the lifetime of the structure. It includes the weight of the structure and any permanent material placed on the structure, such as roofing, tiles, walls etc. They can be determined with a high degree of accuracy from the dimensions of the elements and the unit weight of the material.

Live loads: Live loads are those that may vary in

magnitude and may also change in location. Live loads consists chiefly occupancy loads in buildings and traffic loads in bridges. Live loads at any given time are uncertain, both in magnitude and distribution. Environmental loads: Consists mainly of snow loads, wind pressure and suction, earthquake loads (i.e. inertial forces) caused by earthquake motions. Soil pressure on subsurface portion of structures, loads from possible ponding of rainwater on flat surfaces and forces caused by temperature differences. Like live loads, environmental loads at any given time are uncertain both in magnitude and distribution.

WI-MAXby Shyam.CH WI-MAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) is a wireless communications baseduponIEEEStd 802.16e-2005, approved in December 2005.With the 2011 update it is providing up to 1Gbit/sec internet access for fixed stations.  The intention of WI-MAX is to provide fixed, nomadic, portable and, eventually mobile wireless broadband connectivity.  WI-MAX can provide at-home or mobile Internet access across whole cities or countries.  Mobile WI-MAX was a replacement candidate for cellular phone technologies such as GSM and CDMA, or can be used as an overlay to increase capacity.

 Fixed WI-MAX is also considered as a wireless backhaul technology for 2G, 3G, and 4G networks in both developed and developing nations.  HTC announced the first WIMAX enabled mobile phone, the Max 4G, on November 12, 2008. The device was only available to certain markets in Russia on the Yota network.

 Advantages:

 A single WI-MAX can serve hundreds of users.  End points installs within days instead of weeks required for wired connections.  Users can operate mobiles in 3-5 miles of base station at 75 Mbps.  It provides centralized access control to prevent collisions.

Comparison b/w 3G, Wi-Fi, WiMAX 3G

Wi-Fi

WiMAX

Max Speed

2 Mbps

54 Mbps

100 Mbps

Coverage

Several Miles

300 Feet

50 Miles

Advantages

Range, Mobility

Speed, price

Speed, Mobility

Disadvantages

Slow, expensive

Short range

Interference

For more details visit www.wimaxforum.org, www.wimax.com, & Wikipedia

MEDICAL MIRROR Introduction: Digital medical devices promise to transform the future of medicine because of their ability to produce exquisitely detailed individual physicalogical data .current techniques for monitoring typically require users to strap on bulk sensors chest straps are sticky electrodes a new mirror interface for real time contact free measurements of heart rate without the need for external sensors

Design: Medical mirror to provide a natural user interface an LCD monitor with a built in web cam to provide an interacting display. A two way mirror was fitted on the frame to present a reflective surface for the users in normal lighting conditions. The user is visible on the web cam and the LCD monitor would be project information on the reflective surface of the mirror. The monitor and the web cam are connected to a laptop running the analysis software in real time

How does the technology work? It uses light to measure the information from your body. Whenever the heartbeats the blood in the blood vessels increases very slightly. Blood absorbs light and so this increase absorbs more mono light decreasing the amount of light being transmitted or by your body.in this were just using ambient light around you sunlight room light or anything that’s illuminating your environment the camera then measures the moonlight being reflected off you, in this case your face.

Conclusion: This project illustrates an innovating approach to pervasive health monitoring based on the state of art technology. The medical mirror seamlesslyinto the ambient home environment blending the data connection process into the course of our daily

BY: ANIL KUMAR. (EEE III YEAR)

routines. For example, one can envision collecting health data when using the mirror for shaving brushing tooth etc. This interface is intended to provide a convenient means for people to track their daily health with minimal effort the mirror can calculate only the heart rate.

Do you know???

Power generation using speed breaker with Auto Street light In the present day scenario, power is a major need for human life. There is a need to develop non-conventional sources for power generation due to this reason that our conventional sources of power are getting scarcer by the day. This proper emphasis on that the kinetic energy getting wasted while vehicles move can be utilized to generate power by using a special arrangement called “power hump”. This generated power can be used for general power applications like street lights, traffic signals. In addition, we could also have solar panels, which would satisfy our power needs when there is no vehicular movement. Coming to its mechanism the kinetic energy which is wasted from the vehicles is utilized by an electro mechanical unit called power hump. All this mechanism can be housed under the dome, like speed breaker, which is called hump. It utilizes both mechanical technologies and electrical technologies for the power generation and its storage. Whenever the vehicle is allowed to pass over dome it gets pressed downwards then the springs that are attached to the dome are compressed and the rack which is attached to the bottom of the dome move downward in reciprocating motion. Since the rack has teeth connected to gears there exists conversion of reciprocating motion of rack into rotary motion gears but the two gears rotate in opposite direction. A fly wheel is mounted on the shaft whose function is to regulate the fluctuation in the energy and to make the energy uniform. So the shaft will rotate with certain rpm. These shafts connected through a belt drive to the dynamos, which converts the mechanical energy into electrical energy and the conversion is proportional to traffic density. Whenever the armature rotates between the magnetic fields of south and north poles an emf is induced in it. For this rotation kinetic energy of moving vehicles is utilized. The power is generated in both directions so to convert into one direction a special component called zener diode is used. The electrical output can be improved by connecting the power humps in series. This generated power can be amplified and stored by using different electrical devices. The equipment’s involved in this are rack and pinion gears, ball bearings, spur gear, flywheel, shafts, springs, electric dynamo. In coming days, this will prove a great boon to the world, since it will save a lot of electricity of power plants that gets wasted in illuminating the street lights. As the conventional sources are depleting very fast, then it’s the time to think of alternatives. So this idea not only provide alternative but also adds to the economy of the country.

Gallery- SMAARYA Smaarya 2K13 with all the staff members and chief guests

Welcoming of the chief guest Ravi Shankar RG-2 GM

Chief patron N.V. Ramana Rao Registrar JNTUH, presenting awards to the toppers in academics (above), to the toppers of sports (below)

Spectators- students, staff

1 3

Gallery- SMAARYA

Principal Prof. B. Balu Naik distributing the prizes to the students for their achievement in sports

Gallery- SMAARYA Prize Distribution by Vice principal and H.O.Ds

Glimpse of Previous Smaarya

Emerging Support Concept: Thin Spray-on Liners Accidents resulting from rock falls occur frequently in the vicinity of active mining faces where workers spend most of their time. Installation of conventional surface support methods has been successful in overcoming this problem. However, they are expensive, time consuming, and their thickness results in logistical problems due to large material volumes. "Thin Spray-on Liner (TSL)" is an emerging alternative surface support system with remote, rapid and easy spraying techniques. The support action of TSL is still not well understood. Currently, there is no standard test methodology for TSLs and it is not possible to evaluate the quality and performance capabilities of TSL products. Assessment of TSL performance would be possible once the design standards and requirements are determined. Only then, will more effective use of TSL be possible in any support design. Increasing the use of surface support methods, such as mesh, shotcrete or fibrecrete, near the face would reduce the risk of rock fall injuries; however, these support components have disadvantages. Application of mesh is expensive and time consuming, while the required shotcrete thickness results in logistical problems due to large material volumes which need to be supplied. Total elimination of rock related accidents is not possible by strict measures on ground support as human involvement in mining activity cannot be eliminated with current technology.

An emerging alternative surface support system in the form of "Thin Spray-on Liners (TSLs)" has the potential to reduce accident levels and to increase productivity by minimising interference on the mining activities due to remote and rapid spraying techniques. Several Thin Sprayed Liners suitable for various mining environments and geotechnical conditions are available and could be well suited as additional support or consolidation medium in the undercut level development in a block cave where this may be required. The term TSL (Thin Sprayed Liner) came into prominence during the late 1990’s with the development of products which initially were designed to provide aerial support between roof bolts or packs, or to replace steel mesh as a baggage carrier. TSLs are being extensively used at present in platinum and chrome mines with relatively limited application in other hard rock and diamond mines. There are currently about 55 mines around the world that are considering the use of TSL for rock support and this number is increasing steadily. The greatest interest is in North America, Australia, and South Africa.

Polymer based TSL's can either be non-reactive or reactive. Reactive TSLs are made from isocyanatcs (polyurethanes, polyureas) and acrylates. First versions of TSL were of single component "glue emulsion" type and were not suitable due to health & safety requirements. Later on, two and three well component TSL systems were developed. Polymer based liners normally require physical combination of two liquid chemicals or a liquid and a powder phase to form liner material. Today, utilization of two-component, reactive TSL systems are increasing due to ease of application, longer shelf lives and fast curing limes.

The following mechanical properties are relevant and could be tested in defining TSL properties i.e.: • Tensile Strength (Elongation) • Adhesion (Bond) Strength • Tear Strength • Shear Strength • Creep Behaviour • Impact Strength (Abrasion) Specimen preparation, speed of testing and environmental factors may change the test results. No matter which testing method is developed, the two most important factors, temperature and humidity, need to be recorded for the test duration. Another shortcoming will exist if the test does not consider any interaction between the TSL material and the applied surface. The ease of application of Thin Sprayed Liners will ensure minimal interference with the development cycle and improve safety and productivity. The equipment required for Thin Sprayed Liners are small when compared to conventional shotcrete equipment and can readily be moved between sites. There are various types of Thin Sprayed Liner pumping and mixing equipment available, however the use of equipment with independent mixing and pumping arrangements is recommended to reduce application cycle times. Thin Sprayed Liners have the potential to benefit the mine by offering improved productivity, profitability and safety. From a manufacturing perspective it is very unlikely that all the characteristics that TSL could have can be included in one “super” product. For this reason the proper selection and application of the correct Thin Sprayed Liner is very important to be able to significantly improve ground conditions and reduce related injuries.

Ref: Worldwide conference papers

Kranthi Kumar Siliveri Department of Mining [III-1]

First step to become a programmer: Learn the Basics Here, I'm going to share with you my knowledge about some basics on programming. You can see here three basic components of programming. 1) Pseudo Code 2) Algorithm 3) Programming Code

1)Pseudo Code:

Pseudo Code is the documentation for the programmer. It is a mix of different types of symbols used to convey a message. The Pseudo Code for the above coding is: 0.Start 1.Accept A 2.Accept B 3.C=A+B 4.Display C 5.Stop

2)Algorithms:

Algorithms are written in proper English. No programming language is used to write Algorithms.The Algorithm for the above coding is: 0.Start 1.Make the user enter the first number and save it as A 2.Make the user enter the second number and save it as B 3.Save the sum of A and B as C 4.Display the value of C 5.End

3) Programming code:

It is the main part of a software or programme. It tells the computer what to accept as input, how to process it and when and what to display as the output. I will show you an example of a simple programming code using Python. If you plan on becoming a good programmer, then I would recommend using Python as your first compiler as it is easier to use for beginners. Download Python: After installing open the GUI version of it and enter the code below. (It's not

necessary to download Python,If you can understand the code without it) Programming code: # This program can be used to input two numbers and get the sum of those two as output. a = input ("Enter the first numberâ&#x20AC;?) b = input ("Enter the second numberâ&#x20AC;?) c = a+b print "The sum of the two numbers is", c

Expressions used :

# is used to give information about the programme. The line which begins with # is not shown to the users. It is used to give information about the programme to other programmers. A = input: This tells the program to accept and save first input as A B = input: This tells the program to accept and save first input as B C = a+b: This tells the program to add the values saved in A and B print "The sum of the two numbers is", c : This tell the program to show the output or display the value of C. (".......") : The messages inside these boxes are instructions to the users. Now those who already installed Python can save this as name.py" and run it! Example of how it will work: Enter the first number 1 (I input 1 and pressed Enter) Enter the second number 3 (I input 3 and press Enter) 4 (This is the output or result)

By : Uday Kumar Appam Dept. of CSE III Year

28 Solar rooftop installations a good investment option considering both tangible and intangible benefits.

Rooftop Solar Plants a Viable Business Opportunity

For organizations planning to shift from conventional energy to solar power use, a rooftop solar photovoltaic (PV) power plant can not only be a money saver but also money spinner with excess power supplied to the utility grid. While the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) is still in the process of laying down specificationsfor incentives, experts feel that with the right policies and execution, solar rooftop installations can be a hot trend in green technology. It is a profitable business concept, and hence a viable investment option. First, it is important to have a basic understanding of the components of a solar power system and how these generate electricity. PV solar power systems are very simple electric power generating systems comprising the following basic components:

1. A set of PV panels that convert sunlight (photons) into direct-current (DC) electricity 2. A racking system that firmly holds the panels to the roof, exposing these to the sun at an advantageous angle 3.Inverters that convert DC electricity into alternating current (AC) electricity 4. Wiring that connects everything 5. A storage battery (in the case of a grid-fed power plant, a large-sized battery is not necessary to store and use that power after sunset) 6. A variety of means to tilt the panels toward the sun to generate more electricity 7. Energy meters to record the en-energy that is supplied to the grid 8. Junction boxes 9. Earthling kits currently, commercially available silicon-based solar PV panels are made from solar cells encased in a special type of toughened glass. Silicon solar modules have been in the fieldfor more than 50 years and perform quite predictably. These are guaranteed for 25 years of field life but the power yield drops about 0.6 per cent a year. One can use Monocrystalline (made from a single crystal) or polycrystalline (made from multiple crystals) panels. Monocrystalline panels are a little more efficientbut the cost per watt is almost the same.

Installation and Requirements When solar PV modules are installed on a buildingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s rooftop to generate solar power, it is called a rooftop power plant. Rooftop PV installation can either be done for standalone use or to feed into the grid. Installation by integrators Many solar system installers and owners have had good experience in anchoring the panel structures. This has to be done scientificallyand with care. It is possible to have non-anchored installation systems but these need to be very carefully designed to withstand heavy winds. Such systems are designed to connect the solar power system to a roof using weights, rather than fasteners that must be anchored to the roof. Solar installation companies, often called integrators, can complete a small rooftop project within a few weeks. Before signing a contract with an integrator, evaluate the roof for solar installation with respect to: 1}goodroofcondition 2}flatSpaceavailability 3}Weightload Investments involved The investment primarily depends upon the size of the power plant, which varies from a small kilowatt to multi-megawatt plant. At present, good-quality off-grid rooftop solar power plants can be installed at a cost of Rs 250,000 per kW. Under the National Solar Mission policy, the benchmark price for an offgrid system is Rs 270,000 per kW peak. For a gridconnected system, it is Rs 190,000 per kW peak. The government also provides a 30 per cent subsidy on the benchmark price. Installation costs would

29 differ in case of remote installations and poor site conditions. Economic advantages Today, the cost of generating electricity using a diesel generation (DG) set is in the range of Rs 2022 per unit, whereas generating solar power costs only Rs 13-15 per unit. Thus solar rooftop installation is a good investment option considering both tangible and intangible benefits.

Eligibility criteria for project proponent While the government is yet to announce the policy for rooftop grid-connected power plants, it has laid down certain guidelines for rooftop PV and other small solar power plants connected to distribution networks at voltage levels below 33 kV. Hereinafter, the programme is referred to as Rooftop PV & Small Solar Power Generation Programme (RPSSGP). Technical criteria. The project schemes that propose to deploy PV modules and inverter systems are considered to be technically qualified and eligible for participation in the RPSSGP scheme only if these comply with relevant IEC/BIS standards and/or applicable standards as specified by the Central Electricity Authority (CEA). For solar PV projects to be selected under this scheme, it is mandatory that these are based on crystalline silicon technology and use modules manufactured in India. There will be no mandatory domestic content requirement for projects based on other technologies. For solar thermal technology, it is mandatory that the technology is demonstrated and such projects should be operational for one year. Project proponents should submit documentary evidence and an undertaking in this regard along with their applications to the competent authority in the state. Metering arrangements:Meters comply with the requirements and guide lines of state CEA regulations on the meter installation and operation. Financial criteria. The project proponents should submits letters of commitment for equity investments in the project, calculated on the basis of Rs 40 million per mw. Infrastructure criteria for land requirement. The project proponents makes arrangements for land required for the project as per conditions outlined by respective state competent authority. Infrastructure criteria for grid connectivity requirement. The plant should be designed for interconnection with the grid at the distribution network at the voltage level depending on the installed capacity of the rooftop PV or small solar system generator. (For the complete requirement list please visit www.mnre.gov.in)

With a rooftop installation, one can recover the projectâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s cost within five t six years. Also, typically, a solar power plant has a life of 25 years with proper maintenance. More benefits for commercial units Rooftop installation makes more sense for commercial establishments as these can utilise the solar power during peak-load daytime periods, thus saving the money required to set up battery banks. Moreover for small and medium enterprises (SMEs), a rooftop installation for grid connection is far more profitable than a multi-megawatt plant which requires installation of six to eight transformers. Transformers are at most 98 per cent efficient and therefor while generating solar power, some energy is lost due to the inefficiency of these transformers. So it is profitable to install smaller power plants with 100 per cent of electricity production, which can then be transferred to the local utility. Governmentâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s role in encouraging small producers Change in government policies will help rapid growth of the solar power sector in our country via rooftop and other low-power solar plants. MNRE should quickly clarify when the power utilities will be instructed to buy solar power from 5kW-100kW solar plants at the same rate as +1MW plants. As more and more rooftop solar power plants feed power into the grid, local power utility companies should be happy to buy power at a higher price as this will help them earn carbon credits. Government subsidies Government subsidies for standalone rooftop PV installations vary from state to state. By installing this solar system, monthly electricity bills fall by about Rs 60 a month (calculated at the rate of Rs 2 per unit). Conventional electricity bills are currently about Rs 6-7 per unit for residential purposes and Rs 10-12 per unit for commercial establishments. The government is yet to announce the final specifications and subsidies (or incentives) for rooftop installations that feed into the grid. Some challenges The major challenge faced by the project developers is to realise the benefits of the policy. Not only do the specifications vary from state to state but also the buying rates. Some companies are buying power at as low as Rs 11 per unit, thus discouraging players from venturing into this segment as they make only a marginal profit.

By Vamshi.K Vishnu teja.A

Concrete shell structures:

The word shell is commonly used to describe the hard covering of eggs, crabs, lobsters, shrimes, and tortoisesâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; .The word shell is derived from the latin scalus as in fish-scale. shells are natural,logical and functional load carrying systems. eg: nuts, beaks and cramial bones. Architects derive inspirations from these natural forms to create shell structures. Such structures combine the function of load bearing and space enclosure. A thin shell is curved slab whose thickness is small compared with its other dimensions and compare with its principal radius of curvature.

MODERN THIN CONCRETE STRUCTURES The history of the modern thin concrete shell constructions began in 1927 with the construction of a 16mt, 30mm thick reinforced concrete dome in jena, Germany. Thereafter, the technique spread covering other countries in the world. The first largest thin concrete shell in US was designed in 1936 for an ice hockey arena. In fact the period between 1920's and 1960's is considered as the golden age of concrete shell in US and Europe. During 1960's shells were built in europe by Heinz Isler and in India by R.Sundaram. examples: <<<<FIG>>>>

Definition: Three dimensional spacial structures made up of one more curved slabs for folded plates whose thickness are smaller compared to their dimensions. Concrete is suitable material for such structures. It offers many advantages, including easy processing, high compression strength, high durability and low price. In other words architect engineering "NERVI". Here in effect is a material, which is by its monolithicity and plastic mouldability has widened beyond imagination of the scope of architecture. Concrete shell structures are able to span large distances with minimal amount of material. So these shells are an example of strength through forms is opposed to strength through mass. The designer of shell structure takes efforts to design them as thin partical requirements permit so that dead weight is reduced and structure functions as a member free from large bending stresses. A comparison of relative weights brings home the difference between the modern thin shell domes that may be regarded as an evolution of structure form known and used by man from ancient times.

KANTEERAVA INORE STADIUM IN BENGALURU: It was constructed using precast method .the stadium is in elliptical in plan with long and short taxes of 390 feets (119mts) and 299 feets (91mts) respectively. The dome consists of 120V shaped folded plates at the lower level supported on a tension ring beam and top level to the elliptical compression ring beam. The bottom beam rests on 24 columns with a pile foundation. Although officially the capacity is 4000 to 5000 peoples can be easily accommodated. The thickness of the folded plate is 40mm. By Sai Krishna (IIIrd Civil)

Gallery of National Days at JNTUHCEM

All the members Present at the scene saluting the flag hoisted by the respectable Principal on 15th August 2013.

An indelible patriotic lecture delivered by the Principal Prof. B. Balu Naik on 15th August 2013.

Greetings of independence by Vice Principal to the staff and students on 15th August 2013.

On the Republic day, 26th January 2013 by the Principal hoisting our National flag.

A motivational and incredible speech delivered by the Principal to also aware students about the importance of republic nation and encourages students to get aware of fundamental and constitutional rights on the constitutional day of 26th January 2013.

Greetings of Republic day by Principal to the staff and students on 26th January 2013.

32 ENERGY GENERATING FROM WASTE MINE GASES INTRODUCTION: The ventilation Air Methane Catalytic Turbine technology utilises methane from mine drainage gases to produce electricity turning the once hazardous waste product in to power that can be used to power operations at mine. VAMCAT is the acronym for ventilation air methane catalytic combustion gas turbine, Which has been developed and patented by CSIRO (the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation) with a goal to utilise gases with methane concentrations between 0.3 % and 1.0%.VAM is oxidised by using monolithic ceramic catalysts doped with Platinum and palladium, similar to those that are commonly used as catalytic converters in automobiles in many countries. The heat which is set free is used to expand gases and the expansion of the gases drives the fans in a turbine in a conventional way, in a normal gas turbine of jet engine. THE CHALLENGE: Methane released from coal during mining is highly flammable and a major safety hazard at underground mines. For this reason the air in underground mine must be drained and vented to the surface. Methane is also a potent green house gas over 20 times more damaging than co2 drainage gases releases approximately 28 billion m3 of CH4 To the atmosphere every year from global coal mining activity.

demonstration unit built at CSIRO’s (central science Industrial Research Organization) Queensland centre for advanced technologies was trailed at an underground coal mine of Huainan coal mining group in china in November 2011.china is the largest potential user of this technology accounting for 45% of ventilation air methane emissions. The demonstration unit can be operated with about 0.8% Methane in air which is significantly lower than conventional CH4 gas turbine.

FUTURE RESEARCH: Future research will focus on the commercial opportunities from using VAMCAT to mitigate from other sources such as waste disposal and livestock facilities. Many countries are in process of developing emissions abatement policies to reduce the level emissions of green house gases. More than 60% of mine methane is in such lower concentrations that cost benefit of mitigating the CH4 is difficult to achieve. SIGNIFICANT BENEFITS   

THE RESEARCH: VAMCAT (Ventilation Air Methane Catalytic Turbine) technology has the potential to significantly reduce global methane concentration drainage gas from underground coal mines for energy production. The technology uses a novel catalytic combustion gas turbine system to oxidize methane to CO2 andH2O .generating electricity or otherwise explosive waste product.A25Kw power generator

     

Portable and modular in design as units can be moved as mines are relocated. Maintenance friendly. Lower cost due to system being relative cool. Provide carbon credits for resale. Reduce a company’s Green House Gas liability. Cost saving through displacement of more expensive source of energy. ENVIRONMENT BENEFITS INCLUDE Reduce Green House Gas emissions. Conserving local source of valuable, clean energy.

By, SAMATH KUMAR.V, NAGA SANDEEP REDDY.P, RAVI.K - III MINING ENGINEERING

Generally we do travel on the bikes at a great speed but, when you suddenly come across a speed breaker, even after application of the brakes some force still remains and we will have an impulse. Even when we travel at 20kmph, we need to obtain a lot of impulse. But in these days we are not even getting a simple sense of them because we are using the shock absorbers, which are nothing but compression springs. So these springs which were playing a great role in shock absorbing systems. History: The history of springs begins with simple non-coiled springs, which were used throughout human history e.g., the bow.

A Little about shock absorbers In the Bronze Age more sophisticated spring devices were used, as shown by the spread of tweezers in many cultures. Coiled appeared early in the 15th century, in door locks. The first spring powered-clocks appeared in that century and evolved into the first large watches by the 16th century In 1676 British physicist Robert Hooke discovered the principle behind spring's action, that the force it exerts is proportional to its extension, now called Hooke's law The Hooke’s law states that stress The Hooke’s law states that stress is directly prop to strain till u reach a yielding point beyond which elasticity is lost - the break-point. Strain = change in dimension produced due to an external force acting on the body is directly proportional to strain till u reach a yielding point beyond which elasticity is lost - the break-point. Strain = change in dimension produced due to an external force acting on the body.

WATER FUELED CAR "Water” the universal solvent has proved universal range of demands. It is a renewable source that can fulfill our needs in various ways. By using water many scientists made experiments to run a car by using water as a fuel. Finally, Japan scientist succeeded with flying colours. Due to electrolysis water splits into hydrogen and oxygen. These gases will be recombined by following process to produce "oxyhydrogen” gas. This will be 2.4 to 4 times more powerful than the normal "parahydrogen" means negative state of hydrogen that can be pressurized into a metal tank. This gas was stored in plastic tanks, thus produces oxyhydrogen gas. This gas will be passed through fuel cell. By using hydrogen the fuel cell produces electricity, based on which the car engine works. Thus water is used as a fuel instead of petrol or diesel. Thushara priyamal edirisinghe claimed to drive water fuelled car about 300km on 3 litres of water in Japan. Merits of using water fuelled cars are:



Ozone layers will return to pre-industrial situations without any holes & smog will disappear.  Water expenses less than the gasoline.  On the other hand the water fuelled car is more expensive, there are some developers functioning to make cheaper cars. You might not just save money and save environment also you will enjoy smooth and quieter ride. Thus reducing consumption of gas also protects environment from pollution. This is the picturesque & innovative thought that saves our environment from being destroyed. –Madhavi Sethu 2nd yr

Extraction of Coal in Pillars PILLAR EXTRACTION IN THICK SEAMS

In India large reserves of coal are locked in pillars developed in multiple and thick seams, which are not amenable to normal depillaring operation as the percentage of extraction achieved is very low and unsafe operating conditions are also likely to occur. To overcome such problems a trial has recently been conducted by National Institute of Rock mechanics at RK-8 incline, SCCL for simultaneous extraction of pillars in three seams, each of about 7-9m between the seams. To assess the stability of partings and to design a suitable support system, observations of strata behavior were made during simultaneous extraction of the pillars in the experimental panel, which included the three seams. It was observed that maximum roof to floor cumulative convergence was about 8mm in the panel. The maximum rate of convergence was about 2mm/day prior roof falls in the goaf. Vertical supports near the goaf edge experienced a maximum load on the support in the galleries remained within 4T. The average rate of change of load near goaf edge was 1.5t/day prior to the roof fall. It was found that estimation of support requirement based on â&#x20AC;&#x153;Qâ&#x20AC;? classification tended to overestimate the actual requirement for lower seams. The intensity of abutment load in the experimental panel was not high. The maximum change in stress over the pillars was only about 0.8 MPa, 0.7 MPa and 0.6 MPa in No.3, 4 and 5seams respectively, which were attributed to the distressing due to regular roof falls in the overlying seams. The results of the numerical model using FLAC-2D were in close agreement with the observed field behavior. In the model, the stability factor for the partings in the development workings was estimated to be greater than1.0 for parting

thicknesses more than6m. The extraction of three rows pillars in No.3 seam was also simulated using numerical modeling. In the model, the safety factor of the partings between No.3, 4 and 5 seams was less than 1.0 in the goafed out area. WIDE STALL METHOD

Of the large reserves of coal locked in developed pillars a substantial portion is sterilized due to the presence of structures and inhabited localities on the surface .In such cases only partial extraction from these pillars can be considered in view of the need to avoid subsidence and damage to the surface .The prevailing method under such conditions in splitting of the coal pillars, without further extraction of the resultant stooks, followed by stowing with sand. The drawback of this method, however, is that the percentage of recovery is low and comes down sharply to as low as 30 with increasing seam thickness due to adverse slenderness ratio of the pillars. Wide stall method was conceived to improve coal recovery under such conditions. The method was tried on a laboratory scale with the help of equivalent material modeling and then experimented by a field trial at East Bhuggatdih Colliery of BCCL in a 16.5m thick seam lying below built-up areas on the surface. The extraction procedure involved formation of 7 to 9m wide stalls, which were extended to full working height, leaving the pillar core as natural support to the roof. Over 45% overall recovery could be achieved with a safety factor of more than one for remnant pillar cores left for long-term stability. By Vamshi Neduri MINING MACHINERY Department of Mining

Miscellaneous Gallery

Medical camp conducted during the N.S.S special camps held during the year 2012.

Vanamahotsav â&#x20AC;&#x201C; plantation of trees conducted on the Environment day programme in JNTUHCEM Campus on 22nd July 2013.

Rally conducted by the NSS providing awareness to the rural people about education, sanitation and maintenance.

Staff answering to the queries asked by the parents on the orientation day programme in an interactive session conducted after the orientation programme.

Students who won awards in inter college championship are receiving their awards on the hands of the principal Dr. B. Balu Naik.

A special NSS educational camp was conducted in schools in the rural areas surrounding our college.

Blood Donation Camp

Chief Guest Dr. D. Nimma Naik with JNTUHCEM Principal Prof B. Balu Naik NSS unit co-coordinator Dr. K. Shahu Chatrapathi.

Not only students but also a guest faculty Donated blood which is an act of appreciation.

Participants giving their names for blood donation Camp

Students actively came forward to donate blood, about 90 members have donated with multi blood groups.

Blood Donation is a gift of life to both the donor and receiver.

Tidal

energy is a form of hydropower that converts the energy in tides into useful forms of power - mainly electricity.

elevated water in the basin. Some researchers are trying to extract energy directly from tidal flow streams also. The energy potential of tidal basins is high, the La Rance

TIDAL ENERGY-POWER PRODUCTION Although not so widely used, tidal power has potential for future electricity needs. Tides are more predictable than wind energy and solar power. Tidal power is the only renewable energy sources has a major disadvantage of high cost and limited sites with sufficiently high tidal ranges, thus constricting its total availability.

However, advanced technical developments both in design (e.g. dynamic tidal power, tidal lagoons) and turbine technology (e.g. new axial turbines, cross flow turbines),indicate that the total availability of tidal power may be much higher than that assumed, and thus economic and environmental costs may be reduced. The rise and fall of the sea level or tidal power can be harnessed to generate electricity.

Tidal Power Tidal power involves erect of a dam across the opening to a tidal basin. The dam includes a sluice that is opened to allow the tide to flow into the basin; the sluice is then closed, and as the sea level drops, hydropower technologies can be used to generate electricity from the

station in France, generates 240

MW of power.

Currently, France is the only country successfully using this power source. French engineers have noted that if the tidal power used globally was brought to higher level, then the Earth would slow its rotation by 24 hours every 2,000 years. Tidal energy systems can have environmental impacts on tidal basins because of reduced tidal flow and silt buildup. 3 Ways of Using the Tidal Power of the Ocean There are three basic ways to tap the ocean for its energy: ocean's waves, ocean's high and low tides and temperature differences in the water. 1. Wave Energy Kinetic energy exists in the moving waves of the ocean. That energy can be used to power a turbine. In this simple example, the wave rises into a chamber that forces the air out of the chamber. The moving air spins a turbine which can turn a generator. When the wave goes down, air flows through the turbine and back into the chamber through closed doors. This is one type of wave-energy system. Others use the up and down motion of the wave to power a piston that moves up and down inside a cylinder which can also turn a generator.

Most wave-energy systems are very small. But, they can be used to power a warning buoy or a small light house. 2. Tidal Energy Another form of ocean energy is called tidal energy. When tides come into the shore, they can be trapped in reservoirs. Then when the tide drops, the water behind the dam is let out just like in a regular hydroelectric power plant. In order for this to work well, you need large increases in tides. An increase of at least 16 feet from low tide to high tide is needed. There are only a few places where this tide change occurs around the earth. Some power plants are already operating using this idea. One plant in France makes enough energy from tides to power 240,000 homes. 3. Ocean Thermal Energy The final ocean energy idea uses temperature differences in the ocean. If you ever swim in the ocean and dove deep below the surface, you would have noticed that the water gets colder the deeper you go. It's warmer on the surface because sunlight warms the water. But below the surface, the ocean gets very cold. That's why scuba divers wear wet suits that trap their body heat to keep them warm when they dive down deep. Power plants can be built that use this difference in temperature to make energy. A difference of at least 38 degrees Fahrenheit is needed between the this type of energy source is called Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC). It is being used in Japan and Hawaii in some demonstrations warmer surface water and the older deep ocean water.

Donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t spend time on a wall, hoping to transform it into a door.

38 semiconductors which will absorb part of light and converts it into solar energy.

echnology is all of making complicated things as easier as possible to people. Today’sglobalized world shelters manynew technologies, one which took its identity is solar powered technology. We have got used to our mobile phones so much that without mobile phone we feel so handicapped. To enhance the technology of cellular phones and decrease the usage of electricity solar phones have been invented. The world's first solar phone was launched on 17th June 2007. This phone was developed by HI-TECH WEALTH TALE-COMMUNICATION of China. The invention of solar mobile phone brought solution to many problems. A feature of that mobile is the solar phone panels’ trickle charge the battery in any amount of light including indoor. The battery life extends 2.5 times longer. SOLAR MOBILE CHARGES ONCE CHARGED FULLY CAN HOLD EVEN A YEAR THAN REGULAR BATTERIES. Ofcourse solar mobiles are already in use and solar mobile chargers are already in use instead of carrying chargers these are replaced by solar mobile phones. Solar cells are the electrical devices that convert the light energy into direct electricity by photovoltaic effect.

 What is photovoltaic effect?

It is defined as the creation of electric current in a material upon exposure to light, when the solar cells are exposed to sunlight; it can generate and support electric current on without being attached to external voltage. These cells are made up of silicon

olar powered screens are also in use. These screens are super thin flexible and transparent film that receives the sunlight with the help of which we can also charge our mobile. Instead of using solar panels we can use solar screens to phones. They want to integrate it into a phone display in such a way that userwouldn't even know there is a solar panel on their phone screens receiving the sunlight. A battery would still be required to provide the backup power and store the energy created by the film, because the energy would be created not only from sun but also light source. Its works normally as other mobile phones while it charges up via a solar panel in both sunny as well as cloudy day.Apparently generating enough electric power to make a call. Now, we have solar powered keyboards...this is the new technology, this is the keyboard that chargers itself whenever there is light and STAYS CHARGED FOR ATLEAST THREE MONTHS IN TOTAL DARKNESS so you can say good bye to battery hassles. It is hand happiness that feel good and make every keystone comfortable, fluid and whisper-quiet.LogintechK750.....It is the first solar keyboard. It has a set of solar panels along the top edge and includes software to display battery charging status. It works on windows, Macintosh O.S and Linux, even though the accompanying software from Logintech doesn't have a Linux version. Usage of wireless solar powered keyboards is good solution and it is light powered keyboard. It doesn’t get more hassle-free than battery keyboard. The other new technology is solar powered BONSAI TREE mobile charger. It is efficient to support and it is energy modulated. It is compelled with 27 silicon solar panels that can be arranged in a way. The battery supports solar energy it chargers twice in just 4 hours. It is ecofriendly mode of technology which helps to save energy. These phones will be used particularly in rural areas where there is no use of electricity. Last but not least SUNLIGHT IS ONE THE EASIEST ACCESSIBLE SOURCE OF ENERGY. Use solar powered technology and save electricity

-by Mamatha.M Branch: Mechanical 2 year

Eco- Friendly Engineering

S O L A R P O W E R E D T E C H N O L O

G Y

IAS AS CAREER By Tejaswini reddy (eee)

Civil service is a dream which every student would like

to live .There is a life beyond every IAS dreams. Being the premier job in the country, it doesnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t offer perks and benefits as other private sectors are offering but it offers an opportunity to lead and to work with the common people and at the grassroots level. It always gives you opportunity and chance to impact people's lives across a variety of domains such as health, education, water, sanitation, roads and electricity. The very nature of work of civil servant is not only to maintain law and order but also implementing policies of the popularly elected governments as heads of district administration to jobs at the United Nations and the World Bank, formulating policies which touch the lives of millions of people across the globe. Is the only career in India which gives a complete scope to endeavor to change the lives. Why Civil Services? Basically IAS (Indian Administrative Services) is an implementer. Those who have a passion to serve nation directly with administrative power opt to go for civil services exam. In spite of selection process being very tough and rate of success very low the charm and significance of this exam doesn't seems to fall down. The administrative services give an immediate sense of participating in the Indian governance.

How is it different? No other career or job can offer you the same job satisfaction as the IAS. Not to mention the tremendous opportunity offered to contribute positively to the very society we are a part of. Itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s a career, much more than a mere 9 to 6 job. The IAS personnel enjoy the levers of power in the Indian administrative setup and occupy some of the most responsible positions in the government.

It is advisable to prepare for the civil service in the graduation years by identifying the weak and strong points and familiarizing yourself with the syllabus and pattern of examination. It is seen that those who have taken the exam as soon as they become eligible are better than then the others so it is best to take the exam as soon as you are eligible. However here keep your other options open for your career as a safetynet.

40 The mantra to crack civil services • Hard work • Dedication • Self-confidence • Patience • Time management “An intellectual won’t find a rational answer to ‘what next?’ A doer, with values and convictions, will find the answer –This is it. Nothing happens next!” So, KarKeDekho…………. REFERENCES http://upscportal.com/civilservices/images/upsc.JPG

MY MINI PROJECT I feel lucky to have my mini project done in one of the most prestigious training institutes Central Institute of Tool Design (CITD) after the completion of my 2nd year. I have joined in CITD to learn Auto-CAD, Pro-E, and CNC (Computerized Numerical Control). While I was undergoing my courses I got to know that I could do a mini project on the courses what I have learnt, and I opted Auto-CAD and CNC for my project. On the first day of my course the faculty explained the definition of mini project “A mini project is nothing but to transform textual knowledge with applying skills obtained by practice for the creation of new innovation using the same text”. As my work on project commenced I felt difficult to choose a proper design that could be accepted but after, I chosen my design the remaining work has went on smoothly as I have gained required knowledge that was needed for the project to accomplish. They are following several rules for scrutinizing and finalizing the projects. Along with the courses that I have learnt there are several other courses also to do projects. Here I acquired basic knowledge about the three courses which I have chosen and I feel from my experience that they teach more than basics to trying to give the the maximum knowledge about any course. I confidently advice that CITD is a good coaching centre to obtain their mini projects. By

Srinivas.Kasimahanthi

A Two-day workshop on BASICS OF CFD This was held on 6 and 7 of September by mechanical department in association with aerotrix, an organization initiated by IIT Kanpur graduates under the guidance of Dr.K.Prasanna Lakshmi th

(H.O.Dmechanical). It got a good response from the students and even from faculty of many colleges. Students of various branches like mechanical, aeronautical, and civil from wide regions like Hyderabad,Warangal, Karimnagar and even from other states like Maharashtra has attended the workshop

The Seven Gates of Adventure

Ramgiri Khila, an amazing place of adventure, enjoyment, fun and refreshment which is situated at a distance of 3 kms from JNTUHCEM. This is an excellent tourist spot away from the modern pollution. It creates and arouses a refreshing mood to its visitors from the daily stresses. It consists of an old destroyed fort seven gates with an adventurous journey from one to another. Reverse to any other hill trekking trips climbing is easier than to get down the hill. There is a short historical story people say about this “LORD RAMA during the period of his VANAVAS when he was climbing up the hill where he learnt from a bird the news of his father king DASARATH’S death and then he rushed down the hill” for this reason people say that it is easier and longer duration to climb up the hill when compared with the time taken for getting down and also feel very exhausted than to climb up. And the tourists also felt the same.

Steps to climb the Fort A view of the area from the hill top…

Remains of Ramgiri Khila

Way to climb the hill

Natural stone art

Old canon on the hill top.

“Ram Giri Khila ia an amazing and adventerous place, that everyone should visit compulsorily ”. By Abhilash(a visitor)

Khila â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 2

The second gate

The exhausted

Beautiful lake on the hill

Ruins of the fort

View of second hill from the first one

To Return from the Trip

Thus an enduring trip ends

Fascinating facts of India - by Ekshith. G RUINS OF TAKSHASHILA

Few of the Indian Marvels

After going through the below data, the fire of pride will surely be lit in every Indian’s heart. Today, we may be considered a third world country ridden with poverty ridden with poverty, corruption, pollution and so much more that makes us drop our heads in shame. But we’ve also given a lot to the world in the past. Remembering that, we should once again hold our hands high and march forward. • Tipu sultan’s army was the first one to use rockets. • The world’s first university was established in Takshashila in 700BCE. The Nalanda University was built in the 4th century BCE. More than 10,500 students from across the world studied over 60 subjects at this University. • The art of navigation was developed in R.Sindhu 6000 years ago. • Sage Yagnavalkya was the first to reveal the mysteries of the number 108. He discovered that the average distance between the earth and sun can be measured by placing 108 suns. Similarly 108 moons in a straight line can cover the distance between moon and the earth. Further, 108 earths stringed together constitute the diameter of sun ages ago, which has been proved and accepted by our modern science calculation which they found without any modern technical instrument. •

In the 14th century, the scholar Sayana calculated the speed of light 186,413.22 miles per second. Today, with modern technology it has been proven to be accurate.

•

Bhaskaracharya discovery gravity in the 8 th century, long before Newton was even born. Ancient Indians espoused a form of atomism, postulating that all object in the physical universe are reducible to a finite number of atoms. This was around 2nd century BCE.

•

Bhaskaracharya

Aryabbhatta was a science scholar in 476 BCE. He was the first to deduce that the earth is round and that it revolves around its own axis, creating day and night. He also determined the value of pi=3.1416.

Funny Facts

Bless you!!!! Hachooooo ooo

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People say "Bless you" when you sneeze because when you sneeze, your heart stops for a milli-second.

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A duck's quack doesn't echo, and no one knows why.

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It is physically impossible for pigs to look up into the sky.

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Most lipstick contains fish scales.

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If the amount of water in your body is reduced by just 1%, you'll feel thirsty. If it's reduced by 10%, you'll die.

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Every year about 98% of atoms in your body are replaced.

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Hot water is heavier than cold.

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Like fingerprints, everyone's tongue print is different

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Sound travels 15 times faster through steel than through the air.

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Leonardo da Vinci could write with one hand and draw with the other at the same time.

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The average lead pencil will draw a line 35 miles long or write approximately 50,000 English words.

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The strongest muscle in the body is the tongue.

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A cat's urine glows under a black light.

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Ostriches are often not taken seriously. They can run faster than horses, and the males can roar like lions.

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According to security equipment specialists, security systems that utilize motion detectors won't function properly if walls and floors are too hot. When an infrared beam is used in a motion detector, it will pick up a person's body temperature of 98.6 degrees compared to the cooler walls and floor.

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A ball of glass will bounce higher than a ball of rubber. A ball of solid steel will bounce higher than one made entirely of glass.

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Guinness Book of Records holds the record for being the book most often stolen from Public Libraries.

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Right handed people live, on average, nine years longer than left-handed people.

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The six official languages of the United Nations are: English, French, Arabic, Chinese, Russian and Spanish.

50000 words

46 If olive oil is made from Olives, vegetable oil made from vegetables then what is BABY oil made from???

JOKE ZONE

Dad: Son, what do you want as your Birthdaygift? Son: Nothing much dad, just a radio with a sports car around it

One day Raveendra was playing football with his friend Viswanth. He had been posted as goal keeper. Then the opposition changed towards his goal and kicked the ball into the goal from right beside his legs, Viswanth was boiling with anger. Viswanth: Why didn’t you stop the ball Raveendra? Raveendra: Why in the world should i? What is the net in the goal for?

Tarun once was dialling phone to his friend Master: Tarun don’t talk on for more than

Suppandi’s new master was a gardener Master: Suppandi, I asked you to weed the garden today, why haven’t you done it yet? Suppandi: I thought, I will do it tomorrow.

Master: Tarun, I told you not to talk on the phone for so

Master: Silly boy, never leave anything for tomorrow, when you can today.

long.

The next day-

3 minutes. (After 10 minutes)

Tarun: I dint master, I have talked only for first 3 minutes and I’m listening for the remaining time.

Sales man: What is your shaving cream? Varun: Vimal Sales man: What is your tooth paste?? Varun: Vimal Sales man: What shampoo do you use? Varun: Vimal Sales man: sir, what is this Vimal? Is it any brand or what?? Varun: No he is my roommate.

Master: Suppandi, pluck all the ripe mangoes from the garden. That eveningMaster: You fool, why have you plucked the unripe ones too? Suppandi: I thought I will pluck them today, instead of waiting for you to tellme to do it tomorrow.

Joke Zone - 2 Interviewer: Whatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s d relation between Earth & Moon? Junaid: Brother& Sister Inter: How? Junaid: Earth Dharti mata and Moon Chanda Mama. A Chin was in hospital. JAGATH went to meet him. Chini said 'CHING CHONG, MOU.CHU CHA' And died. JAGATH went china 2 know the meaning, that was:OXYGEN KE PIPE SE PAIR UTHA.

Q: How do you recognize Manishâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s son, Vijay in School? A: He is the one who erases the books when the teacher erases the board.

Sanjit was inserting dogs tail into pipe Rohit: Oye bevkoof, kutte ki dum kabhi seedhi nahi hoti Sanjit: Idiot main to pipe bend kar raha hoon

Silly Q & A Q: How many astronomers does it take to change a light bulb? A: None. Astronomers prefer the dark. Q: How many bikers does it take to change a light bulb? A: It takes two, one to change the bulb, and the other to kick the switch. Q: How many Internet mail list members does it take to change a light bulb? A: 1,331:One to change the light bulb and to post to the mail list that the light bulb has been changed.14 to share similar experiences of changing light bulbs and how the light bulb could have been changed differently. Seven to caution about the dangers of changing light bulbs.27 to point out spelling/grammar errors in posts about changing light bulbs.53 to flame the spell checkers.156 to write to the list administrator complaining about the light bulb discussion and its inappropriateness to this mail list.41 to correct spelling in the spelling/grammar flames.109 to post that this list is not about light bulbs and to please take this email exchange to alt.lite.bulb.203 to demand that cross-posting to alt.grammar, alt.spelling, and alt.punctuation about changing light bulbs be stopped.111 to defend the posting to this list saying that we all use light bulbs and therefore the posts **are** relevant to this mail list.306 to debate which method of changing light bulbs is superior, where to buy the best light bulbs, what brand of light bulbs work best for this technique, and what brands are faulty.27 to post URLs where one can see examples of different light bulbs.14 to post that the URLs were posted incorrectly, and to post corrected URLs. Three to post about links they found from the URLs that are relevant to this list, which makes light bulbs relevant to this list.33 to concatenate all posts to date, then quote them, including all headers and footers, and then add "Me Too."12 to post to the list that they are unsubscribing because they cannot handle the light bulb controversy.19 to quote the "Me Too's" to say, "Me Three."Four to suggest that posters request the light bulb FAQ.One to propose new alt.change.lite.bulb newsgroup.47 to say this is just what alt.physic.cold_fusion was meant for, leave it here.143 votes for alt.light.bulb.

ORGINAL ….MADDENING……..IRRESTIBLE  Can you change a rupee note in such a way that there are exactly fifty coins? (No 2 paise coins are used)

 Hat is the biggest number that can be expressed in three figures?  Complete the magic square so that the rows

,columns, diagonals-

41/4

all add to the same number

PUZZLES

51/2

 Multiply 21978 by 4, now see if you can find a pair of palindromes.

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It as dialand on this day e decided that my whole family should meet. The gathering consisted of one grand-father ,one grandmother, to fathers to mothers ,four children, three grand children, one b rather to sisters to sons, to daughters ,one father in la ,and one daughter in late are all together seven,How do you explain it

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Do you know the surface area of globe, counting all continents and oceans? 

Can you tell how old is the life of our earth?

Black Holes = Nothingness? Black holes, one of the building blocks of the universe and essential in our world, even today. Proposed by Stephen Hawkins. Nothing can escape it, not even light, the fastest thing known to man. They originate from stars which are more than three times larger than sun. This points out that our sun won’t become a black star. Stars undergo nuclear fusion (proton-proton reaction) on their surface and release huge amounts of energy in the form of light and heat. Even one proton is enough for the commencement of fusion reaction. This energy is radiated into the free space. Planets, such as earth, receive this radiated energy, which has lead to the evolution of mankind. When a star considerably larger than our sun burns out, the gravitational force of the particles collapses the star into a considerable mass forming a black hole. There are two ways a star may convert into a black hole. One way is for the star to convert into a supernova and then burst to form a black hole. The other way is the star, after the complete combustion of helium on its surface, is to compress itself with the neurons that remain, and become black in color, forming a dwarf star. A star, ten times greater than our sun, will shrink to approximate size of New York City. By this, its gravitational force multiplies at an unimaginable level, to nearly 10,000 times its original value. Because of this high gravity, matter tends to revolve around the black hole, forming a galaxy. Even our own galaxy, the Milky Way, has its own black hole. Light rays that pass through black holes are absorbed by them. For this reason, black holes are invisible to ordinary

By Pavan, Johnson.S.J(EEE-II)

telescopes. The only thing that escapes from the force of a black hole is gamma radiation, because of its neutral charge. It takes about 300 years to form a supernova. But black holes are not exclusive to outside of our earth’s atmosphere. Black holes obtain energy from matter, that is, life itself. The lifetime of the black hole depends upon the matter it manages to absorb into itself. Thus, black holes eat away matter around itself, converting themselves into “super massive” black holes. If there is no matter for the black hole to digest, it quietly dissolves its matter, of the neutrons, and finally, just disappears. The mass, length, breadth, width and all the other dimensions of any matter that enters a black hole turns infinite, resulting in the matter being broken down into the most fundamental parts of matter would take nearly 30 years, with the high technology available today on earth, to encode the word “hello”, if it passed through a black hole and received on the other end. There are some theories that say time travel would become easier if we decode the mystery of black holes, because they are just regions of space time. Theories such as parallel time zones were also proposed. Teleportation between parallel universes may also be possible, through black holes, if only we could figure out the trick of reconstructing objects on the other side, with no causalities. It also has been speculated that time remains stationary in a black hole. This means that time, in our sense, will stop existing if we were to go into a black hole, without being ripped into pieces. Imagine, a place where you can store things, at your beck and call, where nothing ages or gets corrupted.

References Haliday-Resnick-Walker (Wiley Series) Internet

HYDRAULIC MINING By: ABDUL AMEER

In 1979, the difficulties caused by terrain obstacles on the ocean floor, such as blocks, steps, cliffs and potholes, convinced French engineers to give more freedom to the bottom collector. They worked on the concept of a free-shuttle mining system consisting of a series of independent vehicles that would dive on their own to the ocean floor. Reaching the bottom, they would dump ballast to position them carefully and would start to collect the nodules. Powered by lead batteries, they would crawl on caterpillar tracks, adjusting their weight by the release of ballast. After loading 250 tonnes of nodules, they would drop additional ballast and start their ascent to the surface. There, they would be dragged to a floating port. Unfortunately, it was found during the feasibility study that the system would be too expensive, because the 1,200–t weight of the shuttles far exceeded their 250–t loading capacity.The problems lay in the weak performance of available buoyant materials and/or the high ratio of weight to energy in the lead batteries. Hydraulic systems now seem to have the greatest potential. Such a system was conceptualized in 1988 by the French GEMONOD (Groupement pour la mise au point des moyensnécessaires à l’exploitation des nodules). It consisted of: a semi-submersible surface platform, catamaran type; a 4,800-m rigid steel pipe string, and a flexible hose, 600 m long and with a 38-centimetre internal diameter, connecting the bottom of the pipe string to a dredge on the seabed. This hose would form an arc, allowing the dredge to deviate from the route followed by the surface platform so as to avoid obstacles.

The self-propelled dredge would be 18 m long, 15 m wide and 5 m high, weighing 330-t for a 78-t buoyancy. Crawling on the bottom, it would collect nodules and condition them for pumping through the flexible hose. Ore carriers would transport the nodules from mining ship to port, where the processing plant would be located. The nodules would be transferred, into and out of the carrier’s hold, as thick slurry, pumped through a flexible hose. At the processing site the slurry would be stored in ponds. India is currently developing a mining vehicle that it plans to test in 2007–08. The Director of the

National Institute of Ocean Technology told a workshop organized in 2001 by the International Seabed Authority that his organization had already tested a prototype at 410 m and planned a further test at 6,000 m in 2002. The device, 3 m wide, would crawl over the seabed on plastic tracks. A pick-up device in front would gather the nodules, which would be lifted by a conveyor belt into a crusher. The system was designed to vibrate so that silt would not be carried into the crusher. The crushed nodules would pass into a flexible hose 10 cm in diameter, through which they would be pumped up to a vessel at the surface. A second umbilical connection would carry power and communications cables. Though tethered to the surface vessel, the crawler would move about independently on the seabed. Its developers describe this system as more friendly to the environment. Thanks to all the staff who have helped us, especially E.Rajendra Prasad, Alivenu. Editor: M.Tejaswi Editorial: L. Chandrashekar, Gampa. Abhinav, K. Vamshi ,A.Vishnu teja, Pavan, S. Vamshi Bhayagyaraj, T. Saikrishna, A. Udaykumar, K. Vanaja, Karthik Sharma, K. Uday Kumar, S. Kranthi Kumar, P. Venu, G. Venkatesh, G. Navneeth, M. Ravi Chander, S. Prudhvi, G. Anish Goud, K. Lavakumar, S. Madhukar Supporters: D.Devender, P. Vikas Kumar, N. VishwaTeja, T. Tejaswini Reddy, P.Sowmya, N.Supriya, Karun Teja , G. Abhinav Kumar, G. Shiva Kumar, k. Rakesh Reddy, J. Srimukh Reddy, Sai Krishna, L. Prashanthkumar, J. SwathiKiran, K. HariBabu, A. RangaSwamy, D. Tharun Kumar, Dhruva Kumar, NaseerMohd, G. Anil Kumar,R.Prem Kumar, V.S.Prathap,C.H. Bhargav, K.Srinivas , G.Ekshith Designers: S. Nagender Reddy, R.Vamshi Krishna, S. Kranthi kumar. Layout and Photography: N. Vamshi

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