Editorial
“I appreciate this excellent work of the students and also ask them to continue this task, I am also sure that DHIYONAHA will become an excellent Student’s Technical Magazine” Dr. Kaujala Prasanna Lakshmi, HOD Mechanical, Executive SAC, JNTUHCEM.
“The strong determination and will power associated with hard work investitured with patience always helps everyone in this universe to achieve their goals for sure.” Tejaswi Manthatti, Editor-In-Chief, DHIYONAHA, JNTUHCEM.
We are extremely thankful for your tremendous response to the first issue of DHIYONAHA. We would like to thank all the DHIYONAHA readers and subscribers for your support. Being the first DN Media Committee Board members of JNTUHCEM Student Media Body DHIYONAHA we would like to share our experiences that “The strong determination and will power associated with hard work investitured with patience always helps everyone in this Universe to achieve their goals for sure”. These words are not just to be shared but also to be followed since it is a universal truth, for all those who may feel that hard work and patience is of no use. It took almost one year for us to release the magazine after all the necessary work had done. We were extremely eager to release and publish the first issue of the magazine, but later as the time passed we learnt that patience is also an important thing. The next issue will be released shortly with a new Editorial Board. Initiated with a small thought: “why can’t we have a magazine of our college composed by our students” of Mr. Tejaswi Manthatti, now DHIYONAHA is ready with the second issue under the guidance of Dr. Kaujala Prasanna Lakshmi and with the help of all the students of JNTUHCEM. Although it is modified and more evolved than the previous one, we request you to send your precious comments and suggestions which would help us to further improve our magazine. Since every reader of the magazine is its best critic, we request you to surely send your valuable suggestions to our mails mentioned in our blog “dhiyonaha.blogspot.in”. We hope you like our work, this time we have highlighted the article After B.Tech… and education after B.Tech. It also consists of an overview of Civil Engineering, an extraordinary article on Civil Engineering. Keeping in mind the main points of our task panel, i.e., to highlight the Indian Achievements, we have included in this magazine an article on ISRO. We also have an article titled “Why do we need education”, a master work by one of our great writers at JNTUHCEM. I appreciate the works of all my co-mates and my college students to who have tried and presented their best works. It is the efficient team work by the Committee members also which has enabled us to bring out this second issue successfully. A special thanks to Administrator of DN – Principal of JNTUHCEM Dr. R. Markandeya, Vice principal Dr. Ch. Sridhar Reddy and H.O.D Mechanical and Executive S.A.C Dr. Kaujala Prasanna Lakshmi, Executive Editors: Prof. K.V.Sharma, Prof. N.V.Ramana, Dr. Kaujala Prasanna Lakshmi, Dr.K.Shahu Chatrapathi, Dr. Shikha Bhatnagar and also once again the entire college. • The DHIYONAHA owes no responsibility over the matter published in the magazine. It is purely the interest of the students *DhiyoNaha group owes no responsibility over the matter published in the magazine, its purely the thoughts and views of the students. And students bear complete responsibility for the articles published by them.*
© 2014 DHIYONAHA
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Upcoming technology that may change the world By Yachareni Krishna Kanth
Google Glass Augmented Reality has already gotten into our life in the forms of simulated experiment and education app, but Google is taking it several steps higher with Google Glass. Theoretically, with Google Glass, you are able to view social media feeds, text, Google Maps, as well as navigate with GPS and take photos. You will also get the latest updates while you are on the ground It’s truly what we called vision, and it’s absolutely possible given the fact that the Google’s cofounder, Sergey Brin has demo’ed the glass with skydivers and creative's. Currently the device is only available to some developers with the price tag of $1500, but expects other tech companies trying it out and building an affordable consumer version.
Form 1 Just as the term suggests, 3D printing is the technology that could forge your digital design into a solid real-life product. It’s nothing new for the advanced mechanical industry, but a personal 3D printer is definitely a revolutionary idea. Everybody can create their own physical product based on their custom design, and no approval needed from any giant manufacturer! Even the James Bond’s Aston Martin which was crashed in the movie was a 3D printed product! Form 1 is one such personal 3D printer which can be yours at just $2799. It may sound like a high price but to have the luxury of
getting producing your own prototypes, that’s a reasonable price. Imagine a future where every individual professional has the capability to mass produce their own creative physical products without limitation. This is the future where personal productivity and creativity are maximized. Oculus-Rift Virtual Reality gaming is here in the form of Oculus Rift. This history-defining 3D headset lets you mentally feel that you are actually inside a video game. In the Rift’s virtual world, you could turn your head around with ultralow latency to view the world in high resolution display. There are premium products in the market that can do the same, but Rift wants you to enjoy the experience at only $300, and the package even comes as a development kit. This is the beginning of the revolution for next-generation gaming. The timing is perfect as the world is currently bombarded with the virtual reality topic that could also be attributed to Sword Art Online, the anime series featuring the characters playing games in an entirely virtual world. While we’re getting there, it could take a few more years to reach that level of realism. Oculus Rift is our first step. Leap-Motion Multi-touch desktop is a (miserably) failed product due to the fact that hands could get very tired with prolonged use, but Leap Motion wants to challenge this dark area again with a more advanced idea. It lets you control the desktop with fingers, but without touching the screen. It’s not your typical motion sensor, as Leap Motion allows you to scroll the web page, zoom in the map 01
and photos, sign documents and even plays a first person shooter game with only hand and finger movements. The smooth reaction is the most crucial key point here. More importantly, you can own this future with just $70, a price of a premium PS3 game title! If this device could completely work with Oculus Rift to simulate a real-time gaming experience, gaming is going to get a major make-over. Google Driverless Car I could still remember the day I watch the iRobot as a teen, and being skeptical about my brother’s statement that one day, the driverless car will become reality. And it’s now a reality, made possible by… a search engine company, Google. While the data source is still a secret recipe, the Google driverless car is powered by artificial intelligence that utilizes the input from the video cameras inside the car, a sensor on the vehicle’s top, and some radar and position sensors attached to different positions of the car. Sounds like a lot of effort to mimic the human intelligence in a car, but so far the system has successfully driven 1609 kilometers without humancommand “You can count on one hand the number of years it will take before ordinary people can experience this.” Google cofounder, Sergey Brin said. However, innovation is an achievement; consumerization is the headache, as Google currently faces the challenge to forge the system into an affordable gem that every worker with an average salary could benefit from. (views from Google)
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3D Chip By Anurag K.P.
3-D chip is an integrated circuit (IC) containing a threedimensional array of interconnected devices performing digital, analog, image processing and neural-network functions, either individually or in combination. 3-D chip technology solves a number of issues that have been challenging chip manufacturers looking for performance increases and reductions in processor size. As chips have grown smaller and more powerful, the wires that connect the increasing numbers of transistors have necessarily become both thinner and closer together, resulting in increased resistance and overheating. Both can cause signal delays, limiting the clock speed of central processing units. In April 2007, a new version of 3-D chips was announced by a partnership of IBM and Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
ELECTRICAL DRIVES FOR CRANE APPLICATION By Siddartha Reddy B WHAT IS CRANE????.... A crane is the type of machine mainly used for handling heavy loads in different industries like metallurgy, paper and cement. Very often, in industrial applications additional drives as auxiliary hoist, power cable reel and conveyer belt are needed. Therefore, generally, a crane is complex machinery. Based on the construction, cranes are divided into the overhead and gantry cranes. 02
(RPI) researchers at the IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, with support from the Defense Advanced Research Project Agency (DARPA). These 3-D chips layer one chip upon another using a technique called wafer bonding. While some companies currently package processors by layering one upon another, IBM's technique uses one base layer of silicon with active wafers layered on top. This allows engineers to place a, processor on the bottom of the stack and then layer memory or other components across the top, resulting in a thousand-fold decrease in connector length, as chips are no longer organized in two- dimensional layouts with wires connecting transistors at the periphery of chips. This reduces the distance data has to travel, resulting in much faster processing. Similarly, a hundred-fold increase in connector density dramatically reduces the size of the chip. IBM 's engineers used a new method of manufacturing called throughsilicon vias that allows multiple An overhead crane, also known as a bridge crane, is a type of crane where the hook and line mechanism runs along a horizontal beam that itself travels on the two widely separated rails. Often it is used in a factory building and runs along rails mounted on the two long walls. A gantry crane is similar to an overhead crane, designed so that the bridge carrying the trolley is rigidly supported on two or more legs moving on fixed rails embedded in the floor. Some industries, e.g., port containers application or open storage bins, require wide span gantry cranes. In outdoor applications, the influence of the wind on the behavior of the drive may be considerable .Wind and skew can significantly influence a safe
chip components to be stacked upon one another vertically, creating faster, smaller and lowerpower CPU s (central processing units). Through-silicon vias also allows for more efficient heat dissipation up through the stack to cooling systems and, according to IBM, improve power-efficiency in silicon-germanium based products up to 40%, resulting in longer battery life. IBM expects to begin production of 3-D chips in 2008. "Big Blue" will be applying the technology initially in mobile devices and wireless communications. Memory-onprocessor. Technology will be available for use in servers and super computers in 2009. Intel used a similar 3-D chip structure in February 2007 capable of teraflop processing (a trillion calculations per second), effectively performing calculations as quickly as a complete data center while consuming a tiny fraction of the energy …… (views from Google)
operation of the crane. This will certainly dispose the type design of the crane from a mechanical aspect as well as the selection, size and control of crane electrical drives. Crane usually consists of three separate motions for transporting material. The hoist raises and lowers the material. The trolley (cross travel), which allows the hoist to be positioned directly above the material for placement. The gantry or bridge motion (long travel), which allows the entire crane to be moved along the working area. Cont’d…
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DRIVES: Speed control is an essential feature in crane drives. It is required for allowing soft starting and stopping of the travel motions for enabling its correct positioning of load. For lifting drive the speed control in a wide speed range i.e., from zero to nominal values is required. Because of the precision when rising and lowering load, the possibility of working at a very low speed and hold a load in the standstill is required, without using the mechanical brakes. The torque and power that have to be delivered by the drive may be obtained from the torque versus speed characteristic from the load (so-called mechanical characteristics) and the differential equation of motion. Depending on the crane capacity each of the mentioned drives, can be realized as multi-motor. The term multi-motor drive is used to describe all the drives in a technological process. For many of such drives, the mechanical coupling on the load side is
Why do we need education? By Karthik sharma Day in and day out, we hear the same question from students: “Why do I need to learn this?” “Because learning will keep as many doors as possible open in your future.” is the best answer I say. Nowadays education has
typical. In applications with cranes, coupling of the individual motors is realized by the mechanical transmission device, and it is usually technologically unbreakable. Controlled drives are usually fed from the power converter, which is also true for controlled multimotor drives. The kind, the type and the number of converters used depend on the type of motors, their power ratings, and of the kind of the multi-motor drive. Regarding the power supply of the motor, the following cases are possible, multiple motors fed by a single converter (multiple motors - single converter), motors controlled by separate converters (multiple motors - multiple converters). In crane applications multi-motor drives are used very often and a proportional share of power between motors is required. LOAD SHARING: Load sharing is a term used to describe a system where multiple converters and motors are coupled and used to run one mechanical load (Rockwell, 2000). In the strictest sense, load-sharing means that the amount of torque applied to the load from each motor is prescribed and carried out by each converter and motor set. Therefore, multiple motors and converters powering the same process must contribute its proportional share of power to the driven load. Multiple motors that are run from a single converter do
not load share because torque control of individual motors is not possible. The load distribution, in that case, is influenced only by the correct selection of the torquespeed mechanical characteristic. Motors that are controlled by separate converters without any interconnection also do not share the load. For the slip-ring induction motor, the mechanical characteristic can be adjusted afterwards, with the inclusion of the rotor resistors, but in squirrel cage induction motors adjustment has to be done during the selection. DYNAMIC BREAKING: A dynamic brake consists of a chopper and a dynamic brake resistor. The chopper transistor voltage control regulates the voltage of the DC bus during regeneration and shunts the excess energy to the dynamic break resistor. In general, the motor power rating, speed, torque, and details regarding the regenerative mode of operation will be needed in order to estimate dynamic braking resistor value. CONCLUSION: The application of squirrel cage induction motors supplied from the frequency converters have become the standard solution for the modern crane drives. Load distribution between the motor proportional to the motor power rating which can be resolved by applying the modern converters. (views from Google)
become just like an eye for a living thing without which you can't visualize the world. Why do people go to the gym to ride the stationary bike? It's not so that they can compete in the stationary bike Olympics, it’s to build up their endurance and strength to make the rest of their lives easier and more enjoyable. Even education is like that, it builds up the strategy on how to live happily. The major
difference in today's school-tocareer classes is that students are taught core academic skills, such as math, science and English, at the same time they're learning the specific skills needed in their chosen career area. Students are taught how they can earn money by taking up jobs quite opposite to their interests and get happiness which is quite cont’d…
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temporary. Rather they should be taught how to achieve their interested career to live a happy and satisfactory life. Career, technical, and occupational skills programs have used a variety of names during the last two decades, such as "vocational education,"
INDIA The growing “Mighty Power” in the name of “ISRO” By K.Vishnu Prasad From childhood till today we are studying that India is a developing country but now we can say that India is a developed country and can compete with any other country in this world. This is all in the aspect of our Indian Space. We all must salute the Scientists who stood like a backbone for this achievement.
ISRO (Indian Space Research Organization) is the one which made us proud. It has launched many satellites of India and recently of other countries too. Many know that it is launching all its satellites from "Satish Dhawan Space Centre" which is situated at "Sriharikota" in Andhra Pradesh and here is a lot of information regarding this space centre .i.e. It is established in the year 15 August 1969 and its Headquarters are located at Bengaluru. 04
"vocational-technical education," "practical arts," and most recently, "career and technical education. “. Everyone needs to excel in some or the other vocational skill so that they can earn their bread if they pursue a not much earning career but in what he is interested in. The main motto of it is "Space Technology in the Service of Human Kind". Now the chairman of ISRO is "K. Radhakrishnan" and its budget is “INR 67.92 billion.“ As of 30 June 2014, from this space centre "43" rockets have been launched. Successful launches = 31 Failed launches = 8 Launches which left payloads usable = 35 The rockets used were: SLV (Satellite Launch Vehicle) = 4 where 1 is failed 1 is partially failed and 2 were successfully launched into space. ASLV (Augmented Satellite Launch Vehicle) = 4 where 2 failed 1 partially failed and 1 is successfully launched. PSLV(Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle) = 27 where 1 is failed 1 partially failed and 25 were successfully launched GSLV (Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle) = 8 where 4 Failures 1 partial failed and 3 were successfully launched. The first rocket launched from here was "SLV-3" with D1 series from the launch pad "SLV LP" on "10 August 1979" but unfortunately it has failed due to "Faulty valve and wrong assessment causes vehicle to crash into the Bay of Bengal 317 s after takeoff". But the Indian space never lost its Faith and again launched the same vehicle with D2 series on "18 July 1980" and it has been successfully launched into the space.
Every Student should be given an opportunity in choosing or opting for his own career rather than brushing him up with his peer ideas. This way he/she can live happy life long simultaneously pursuing a successful career. The most important Launch in the Indian history was "PSLVXL" with series C11 which was launched on "22 October 2008".It is so important because it was India's first launch onto the moon and known as "Chandrayaan-1." Lastly on 25 December 2010 India faced the failure in launching "GSLV Mk I" due to the loss of control of liquid fuelled boosters. From the date India has launched "11" Satellites in a series of success. In this the most important Launch is "PSLV-XL" with series C25 why because it is a "Mars Orbiter Mission or Mangalyaan" India's first launch into another planet Mars. It was launched on "5 November 2013". India's last launch was "PSLVCA" with series C23 which was launched on "30 June 2014" which carried 5 Foreign Satellites. It is so important because with the minimum low prices India has done it other than any country in the world. Overall India has carried "65" satellites into the space where "30 belongs to us and 35 are Foreign Satellites". I hope that still India can do better than this in the future and the Indian technology has developed greatly. And I always say that “I am Proud to be an Indian"...
Jai Hind (views from Google)
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Google Balloon (project loon) By G.Ramya Many of us think of the internet as a global community. But two-third of the world’s population does not yet have internet access. Project loon is a research and development project being developed by Google with the mission of providing internet access to rural and remote areas. The project uses high altitude balloons placed in the stratosphere at an altitude of about 20mi (32km) to create an aerial wireless network with up to 3G like speeds. Because of the project’s seemingly outlandish mission goals, Google dubbed it “Project loon”. Project loon balloons travel approximately 20km above the earth’s surface in the stratosphere. In the stratosphere there are many layers of wind varies in direction and speed. Project loon uses software algorithms to determine where its balloons need to go, then moves each one into a layer of wind blowing in the right direction. By moving with the wind, the balloons can be arranged to form one large communications network. People can connect to the balloon network using a special internet antenna attached to their building. The signal bounces from the antenna up to the balloon network and then down to the global internet on earth. By carefully designing the balloon envelope to withstand the weather conditions, project loon is able to take advantage of the stratosphere’s steady Winds .
The inflatable part of the balloon is called a balloon envelope. It is made from sheets of polyethylene plastic. When a balloon is ready to taken out of service, gas is released from the envelope to bring the balloon down to earth in a controlled descent. Each balloon’s electronics are powered by an array of solar panels. It produces approximately 100 watts of power, which is enough to keep loon’s electronics running while also charging a battery for use at night. Project loon is able to power itself using entirely renewable energy sources. A small box containing the balloon’s electronics hangs underneath the inflated envelope. It contains circuit boards that control the system, radio antennas to communicate with other balloons and with internet antennas on the ground and lithium ion batteries to store solar power so the balloons can operate throughout net. Each balloon can provide connectivity to a ground area about 40km in diameter at speeds comparable to 3G. For balloon-to-balloon and balloonto-ground communications, the balloons use antennas equipped with specialized radio frequency technology. Project loon currently uses ISM bands (especially 2.4 and 5.8GHz bands) that are 05
available for anyone to use. Project loon began in June 2013 with an experimental pilot in New Zealand, where a small group of project loon pioneers tested loon technology. The results of the pilot test have been used to improve the technology and continued refinements are now begin tested in an ongoing series of research flights in California’s central valley. The technology designed in the project could allow countries to avoid using expensive fiber cable that would have to be installed underground to allow users to connect to the internet. Google feels this will greatly increase internet usage in developing countries in regions such as Africa and Southeast Asia that can not afford to lay underground fiber cable. Google has not yet specified the cost of this project. Huge thanks to our pilot testers for taking the first step with us. Watch as Charles, a project loon pilot tester, connects to balloonpowered internet for the first time.
Project loon, another great innovate idea from Google after Google Glass. (views from Google)
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Civil Engineering By vinaysai Since times unknown human beings directly or indirectly depend on constructions. In track with the civilizations constructions have also spread to various fields. From the age of huts with mud to present day structures we find development in every stage. It is evident that the large buildings, bridges, canals, dams are the civil structures that played an important role in the development of human life. Among all the branches civil engineering has broad range of applications and also most visible. The entire infrastructure of a modern nation is a creation of civil engineers. The credit of building mighty power plants, dams, airports, highways and inland water ways goes to civil engineers. In fact all these represent the development of a country in some way. HOW IN INDIA?? As said, infrastructure represents the development of a country in some way and since India is rapidly developing country, there is large requirement for civil engineers in India. The skillful civil engineers have lot of demand in the private sector as well as public sectors in our country. A CIVIL ENGINEER MUST KNOW THESE PERSONALITIES: Sir MOKSHAGUNDAM VISVESVARAYA: Up on graduating as an engineer he took up a job with the public works department of Mumbai. He implemented an extremely intricate system of irrigation in the Deccan area. Visveswaraya achieved celebrity status when he designed a flood protection system for Hyderabad. He was instrumental in developing a system to protect Vishakhapatnam 06
port from the sea erosion. Visveswaraya supervised the construction of Krishna Raj Sagar dam across the river kaveri from concept to inauguration. This dam created the biggest reservoir in Asia when it was built. He was rightly called the “Father of modern Mysore state” (now Karnataka). He was instrumental in charting out the plan for road construction between Tirumala and Tirupati. He was the most popular person from Karnataka, in a newspaper survey conducted by Prajanavi. He was appointed as the “Order of the Indian Empire” (CIE) in 1911. Awarded with the India’s highest honour, the “Bharat Ratna” in 1955. Awarded with honorary membership of the international Institute of Civil Engineers. Awarded honorary membership of “London Institute of Civil Engineers”. JOHN SMEATON: John Smeaton is the first self proclaimed civil engineer. He is often called the Father of Civil Engineering. He contributed greatly to the Industrial Revolution with his work on windmills and waterwheels. His paper, “An Experimental Enquiry Concerning the Natural Powers of Water and Wind to Turn Mills and Other Machines Depending on Circular Motion”, showed the direct correlation between pressure and velocity for objects moving in the air. BENJAMIN WRIGHT: The American Society of Civil Engineers declared Benjamin Wright the Father of American Civil Engineering. He was the Chief Engineer during the construction of the Erie Canal. After the completion of the Erie Canal, he then designed and oversaw the construction of the Delaware and Hudson Canal. Wright also was the
Chief Engineer of the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal. SQUIRE WHIPPLE: Squire Whipple designed and then built a weigh lock scale that had a 300 ton capacity. It was used to weigh canal boats on the Erie Canal. He also designed and built seven short span iron bridges. Whipple also built the first long span trapezoidal railroad bridges for the New York Railroads. Dr. JOHN JOB CREW BRADFIELD: He was a prominent Australian engineer who designed and oversaw the construction of the Sydney Harbour Bridge. He was also appointed Chief Engineer for the metropolitan railway construction in New South Wales. During this time he submitted his design for the Sydney Harbour Bridge and Bradfield Railway scheme. These plans were put on hold until after World War I. After the war the plans were put in motion and he became the Chief Engineer. CIVIL ENGINEERING DIVIDED!! There are several types of civil engineering. A civil engineer can specialize in a number of different civil engineering branches. You may also like to know about what civil engineers do. Construction Engineering: This civil engineering branch deals with the planning, construction and maintenance of structures. Construction engineering is the planning and execution of designs from site development environmental, structural, transportation and structural engineers. Construction engineers will supervise field work during the entire project. They are in a sense a cross between an engineer and manager as they will oversee the project from start to finish and handle any problems that come up throughout the duration of the project.
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2.Structural Engineering: This branch of civil engineering encompasses the structural analysis and design of structures. It is the responsibility of the structural engineer to analyze and design a structure that will safely bear or resist the stresses, forces and loads. The design must satisfy the project specifications while meeting all safety regulations. The structure must endure massive loads as well as natural disasters and climate changes. 3.Geotechnical Engineering: In geotechnical engineering the engineer studies soil, foundations and bearing capacities. The engineer will study the behavior of the earth materials and how they will affect a structure that is to be constructed. They will also evaluate pre-existing structures that are showing signs of problems with the earth materials under or near the structure. 4.Transportation Engineering: Civil engineers that specialize in transportation engineering will work with the planning, construction and management of transportation facilities. They will design and implement the infrastructures that deal with transportation in order to provide a safe, comfortable, convenient, economical and environmentally compatible mode of transport. There are six divisions related to transportation engineering: highway, air transportation, waterway, aerospace, coastal & ocean and urban transportation. 5. Surveying: This type of civil engineering branch handles the surveying and leveling of land by using different instruments to map and contour the terrain. This is done to locate and measure property lines, lay out buildings, bridges, channels, highways, and pipelines for constructions. Surveyors are generally classified into two categories: plane surveying and geodetic surveying. 6.Water Resource Engineering:
These engineers deal with the design and construction of hydraulic structures. These structures include dams, canals and water distribution system. The engineer is responsible for the design of the structure as well as the implementation and safety precautions that must be closely adhered to when dealing with hydraulic structures. 7. Environmental Engineering: This civil engineering type is the study of environment friendly designs, pollution and their resolutions and sewage management. Many engineers focus solely upon the crisis of pollution and coming up with solutions as well as determining new and inventive ways for sewage management and other environmental entities 8. Municipal Engineering: These engineers will work with urban or city governments on the planning and management of the township. Most of these engineers work directly with government officials to ensure that the structures within the municipality are properly designed and implemented. 9. Coastal Engineering: This branch of civil engineering deals with coastal and marine structures. These structures include groynes and embankments. These engineers not only ensure that the structures being erected correctly but they are also concerned with not disturbing the coastal regions. 10. Tunnel Engineering: Civil engineers who specialize in tunnel engineering are responsible for the planning, designing, construction, safety and maintenance of tunnels. There are specifications that must be adhered to when working with tunnels for roadways, waterways or trains. 11. Earthquake engineering: Earthquake engineers study the seismic forces and earthquake resistant structures. In regions
that are known for seismic activities, engineers must design and construct structures based on how well they will react within an earthquake situation. 12. Material Engineering: This branch of civil engineering deals with the study of material strength, properties of materials used in construction and ceramics. These engineers will determine the best possible materials to be used for a project based on that project’s specifications. HOW FOR AN INDIVIDUAL?? If he/she has good creative skills, innovative thinking and capacity to sweat out in hard working areas, this field suits them best. In the past few years the demand for civil engineers has exceeded the supply. Pay levels have been towered with growth economy and demand for experienced civil engineers. It accounts to an average of 3,50,000 per annum for a fresher and will increase with experience. It must be noted that experience play a key role in the amount paid to a civil engineer. A shortage of 7000 civil engineers is witnessed in India every year. Therefore no civil engineer will go without their job after their graduation. But what influences all this is, what he gains during his graduation. He could hardly get through his profession if he lacks skills and enough knowledge on the core!! The bachelor’s degree decides the future of a civil engineer. WHAT ARE THE SKILLS REQUIRED?? Innovative thinking & capacity to analyze a problem. Creative and communication skills Resistance to hard working areas/sites. Good team work, technical and managerial skills. Core knowledge. (views from Google) 07
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After B.Tech..? By S.Kranthi kumar We all are much aware of B.Tech life. In these 4 years all students undergo several mental stresses; it may give confusion or clarity in their path. During the initial year all dream about a fruitful and easy going life thinking that they are into a prestigious degree course. At that time all think of different paths after their B.Tech life. We may not take any particular decision at that time, but by next year we all try to know different ways; in the mean time second year of our degree life will be completed. I think all of us mainly struggle in the third year. Different thoughts, different paths, and these all these are based upon our capacities and strategies, although we fix a particular path, the negative points in our path may be the positive points of other path, and these things may lead to so much confusion and mental stress. If we are capable to overcome these particular situations in our degree life, then our conscience will be completely satisfied. Fourth year: – It’s the time where our future depends. In this subcontinent you are not just asked what you have studied but what you are doing after your education! Being an Engineer (pursuing!:-P), I have concluded with few options which we manage to opt after B.Tech. These are the following: M.Tech: If you are passionate about engineering and if you think to opt for the field of study where you want to develop your 08
expertise in, you better choose for M.Tech. Entrance exams are being conducted for entry of M.Tech. GATE (Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering) is a national level examination conducted in our country where you can get admission in IIT’s, IISC, NIT’s and many others. MBA: Have you ever dreamt about being a manager for an MNC? Then you may be interested in MBA. All are thinking that now everyone is doing MBA and its value is decreased, if you want to make your career in management sector, then MBA is a good choice. It helps to specialize in popular fields like Marketing, HR, Sales, International relations etc., In India various entrance exams like CAT, XAT, CMAT, NMAT, SNAP etc., are roadways for IIM’s and many other leading institutions. Study Abroad: If you love to explore, then it’s a best choice. Along with education you will get a lot of exposure, also you may be able to get a job there to settle permanently if you have any plans. There is a chance for various scholarships which will fund your education partially or completely. If you are fascinated about research, you can opt for research oriented programs and can look for various fellowships under research and development category. Campus Placement or Jobs: If you are not interested in higher studies and want to work immediately after your B.Tech then choose for a job after immediate completion of your under graduation. You can attend campus placements or prepare well for various job notifications. You may have interest in Technical or Non technical areas, keep going in the specified way
you are interested in. It is also a safer option according to some individual situations. Short Term Courses: Various short term courses and diploma courses
are offered after B.Tech, they may be certificate courses like Robotics, Machine designing, Ethical hacking, Embedded Technology, Protocol testing etc., These courses are generally job oriented courses and these have something special when compared to the normal ones. Industries are looking for some specialized people, which help in making you something special from general. Preparing for Civil Services: Is your childhood dream to become an IAS or IPS officer? Everyone thinks about preparing for civil services at least once in their life but have left the thought because they feel that it’s tough to crack. Although it’s tough, if you concentrate on it you can crack it, remember nothing is impossible! It’s not only clearing an exam or an interview, it shows you who you are and what you stand for. Complete focus, determination, self belief will make you a best civil servant. cont’d…
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Entrepreneurship: Want to be your own boss? Being a job provider? Then Entrepreneurship is the better option. Starting a venture and making it succeed is a toughest thing. It will have ups and downs every new day, so many risks comprise in it. Being a boss doesn’t mean you ignore the work. Be ready to face tough challenges being an
Educa(u)tion By Sreyasi Sharma C
Education is the best possible way to chase the darkness away. The darkness that is engulfed deep inside us or the darkness that is materialistically present in front of us. So what if there are no means of good and the perfect education to receive knowledge like the Gurukulas. There is always this proper teacher in you who is ready to preach you but seldom seen. Then what is the way to dig into, to reach the preacher you may ask. The simple way is to acknowledge the finest details of what you study. Not the traditional way of I- got –it –byheart. You should have it in your mind, the subconscious one I tell you. It fills in all the details. Researchers are ready with the facts that our mind is filled with every little detail without even our conscious mind aware of it. The most powerful fact that if we have strong liking towards something then we tend to do it with our whole heart. Oops Whole of mind actually and scientifically. When it comes to the study we do, not whole heartedly – then we are bound to have obnoxious results. Caution Oh! Dear Folks. There is no way in the world you want to get distressed with such a beautiful
entrepreneur. Change Maker: Want to bring a change in something? Want to fight against corruption or anything else? Then working or starting an NGO, journalism, social research, etc., are the best options. You can work according to your interest which makes a change.
According to your passion: what if our passion becomes your profession? It will be so amazing, Your passion may be of anything like photography, painting, dancing, etc., if you are passionate it can earn bread and butter with it and where you can enjoy a lot in your career .
life you have. The way you study means a lot. So now that we are enlightened with the fact that education given to the recipient in a right manner will reflect in a right manner. So what is this right manner in the latter case? Well it is wisdom and humanity. I guess these are the root cause or say route- cause to all those that are termed as problems. What say family issues, riots, poverty everything and anything. If we the people are well educated or say not ill-educated then the society would be carved with utmost perfection. One may ask how could your ‘education will enlighten’ really prove to be good. Yes, Indeed true. By Education I meant understanding the happenings around you. By education I meant the real need for it. By Education I meant not reading to score well. Scoring is just a temporary parameter. Unless you have it you will not have the zeal to do it. Once you have your own reason then there will be no stopping to where knowledge leads you.
important but I say it is not mandatory. Previously I quoted that it is physically handicapped because a person who is physically handicapped lives but with some loss, whether the person is happy or not there is something lost. So I believe we need to rename career with ‘PASSION’. Well I guess this rechristening is done because passion makes us do wonders. Money is meagre thing dears. It comes like a wave and fills the shore and washes off even snatching of what we had. I do not say it is not important. I feel it’s just not the only thing. If we do our work with passion it will lay a staircase of happiness. My dear friends you will even feel thorns kissing your feet. I can even exemplify two great people who are well known. Steve Jobs, he had a passion for his work. He checked the teeny weeny bit of details before he produced the product into the market. Once a person asked him “Who will see these sir. We can always use the less costly one, they work the same”. Steve Jobs smiled and told him “ I am watching them. Aren’t I? “ Was his reply.
Then comes the most physically handicapped term, Career. Let me explain o’ dear warriors! Career itself has a deep meaning. It means carrier. Carrier of what? Obviously Carrier carrying you through a roller-coaster ride. There are plains and there is Zenith and there is a nadir. Our ‘Great ‘heads had literally sown the seeds of ‘The ultimate thing is career’. I Do Agree that it is
Once a forlorn boy had this serious passion to become an actor. He even was ready with a script. After few days of struggling he got a chance to meet a producer. He put forth good handsome deal with this guy telling him that he was ready to cast the film but this guy can’t act in it. So this guy simply 09
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denied. He was really in a very bad situation but he simply denied. If he cannot act then he will not give the script as well. Days passed by nights in oblivion. The man raised the amount he would pay but this guy simply could not accept. Finally the man agreed with the guy to act. He is none other than the superstar Sylvestarstallone. Lest he accepted ignoring his passion that day. He wouldn’t have reached where he wanted to reach. Passion will never tire you. It’s not about 9-5 office schedule or about being content with salary
Goals We Have! By Karthik Sharma “So what’s our life meant for? Let us get into a narrower stream for now, what do you people really want in our life”, asks a teacher to his students.
The students get started to answer this question with different outcomes. Some say they need a luxurious life, a car, a bungalow, a good job, a career through which they can make their parents proud, etc. so what will you be getting after these. WHAT NEXT? The answer from everyone has converged to happiness. So the teacher with a smile after getting the answer he was expecting started on, so you all say that the extreme goal of life is happiness! So is it that we all are striving hard for the same 10
that is being deposited in your banks. Passion is the salvation of something and it cannot be slaked simply. My dear pals do not under estimate this passion. It makes us do wonders. Passion makes new inventions. Every object around us today was someone’s idea of passion. Education and passion go hand in hand. As the true education lies where there is true passion. So what are you waiting for? Grab the chance, ask what you want, then dive into the deep Ocean of tranquility. Where you find new ideas burgeon, where you find yourself in and out
spread so far and mark your living in the ‘now nature’ for many tomorrows to come.
goal so called happiness through different streams!
Now don’t pull up the tail of the above one, and start thinking. You see the real difference of what real happiness is and what we assume to be real happiness. In the first level eating a chocolate may give you immense pleasure which I see as temporary one. The second thing gives you a feel which is real happiness and stays with you always .So what I want to clarify is that real happiness is always associated with two people in minimum sense. It may be something for others or for other satisfaction or for everyone’s satisfaction in broad sense.
And the answer is YES. But now is it that we get so called primary goal happiness through your wishes so how many of you can say your primary 10 wishes the students get started but never see what to end with. The teacher bursts out in laughter and starts off “see children people see happiness in a wrong way its not happiness you get after you finish what you wanted it’s just pleasure.” When we get practical, we can differentiate pleasure and happiness and see how different they are. Now for a while think about what I’m saying: 1) You buy a chocolate and you start eating it you feel happy to eat it. 2) Now you just buy a chocolate and just share it with someone whom you don’t even know
There may be any number of bridges, hurdles or highways. Oblivious to it if you are wise and intellectual enough to travel all through them, the now tenuous misery of life will break into millions of bosons. O’ folks I may not tell you in a way you understand. But you always can understand the way you want. After all Education is where it begins with a start of thought.
People say that on sharing we increase what we have. But I differ with this particular point. Now for instance If you help an old woman in crossing a road just assume And you start blabbering your friends that you have helped you have helped I say it would decrease your feeling of the real happiness.
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And if you start saying that you have done something good then obviously the happiness you have found slowly starts getting converted into a temporary pleasure.
So at last we can say that only the good you do to others can give you happiness and not your dreams and one thing a thought to do good is enough.
Touchscreen Technologies:
cost of real estate [i.e., property prices] are sky rocketing intelligent utilization of space is of great importance. Thus touch screens facilitate for this by saving space of key-board and this finds many application in day today activities.
By Prashanth Tumma Introduction: Touch Screens are display as well as input devices. These are electronic visual devices that are sensitive to pressure thus detect the presence and location of a touch within the display area. The screens are sensitive to pressure; a user interacts with the computer by touching pictures or words on the screen. The term “Touch” generally refers to touch or contact to the display of the device by a finger or hand. However, if the object sensed is active, as with a light pen, the term touch screen is generally not applicable. The ability to interact physically with what is shown on a display (a form of "direct manipulation") typically indicates the presence of a touchscreen. Capability: The Touch Screens come with a variety of definite advantages over normal /conventional input-output devices. Some of them are discussed below.
Easy to use: This provides for a rich user interface experience as this supports for a very intuitive easy to use environment and is facilitated by just a touch. Saves space: In this world where
Some great person has said that “A SMALL POSITIVE THOUGHT IS ENOUGH TO HANDLE THOUSAND EVIL IMPLIMENTATIONS” That’s the power of our thought.
Speed and Reliability: While laptops do come with a mouse pad and a USB port to allow you to attach an external mouse to your laptop for easier navigation, the amount of time spent to do simple navigations with these devices are extremely slow as compared to simply touching the screen and pointing directly at the option. Having a touchscreen laptop would make navigation extremely faster and more reliable. No need to worry about Clicking the wrong option, especially if you are making transactions over the Internet. Components that act as Backbone for this technology: A basic touchscreen has three main components: a touch sensor, a controller, and a software driver. The touchscreen is an input-output device, so it needs to be combined with a display and a PC or other device to make a complete touch input system. Touch Sensor: A touch screen sensor is a clear glass panel with a touch responsive surface. The touch sensor/panel is placed over a display screen so that the responsive area of the panel covers the viewable area of the
video screen. There are several different touch sensor technologies on the market today, each using a different method to detect touch input. The sensor generally has an electrical current or signal going through it and touching the screen causes a voltage or signal change. This voltage change is used to determine the location of the touch to the screen.
Controller: The controller is a small PC card that connects between the touch sensor and the PC. It takes information from the touch sensor and translates it into information that PC can understand. The controller is usually installed inside the monitor for integrated monitors or it is housed in a plastic case for external touch addons/overlays. The controller determines what type of interface/connection you will need on the PC. Integrated touch monitors will have an extra cable connection on the back for the touchscreen. Controllers are available that can connect to a Serial/COM port (PC) or to a USB port (PC or Macintosh). Specialized controllers are also available that work with DVD players and other devices. 11
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Software Driver: The driver is a software update for the PC system that allows the touchscreen and computer to work together. It tells the computer's operating system how to interpret the touch event information that is sent from the controller. Most touch screen drivers today are a mouseemulation type driver. This makes touching the screen the same as clicking your mouse at the same location on the screen. This allows the touchscreen to work with existing software and allows new applications to be developed without the need for touchscreen specific programming. Some equipment such as thin client terminals, DVD players, and specialized computer systems either do not use soft-ware drivers or they have their own built-in touch screen driver.
competing touch technologies and the issue of performance in bright ambient light. This latter problem is a result of background light increasing the noise floor at the optical sensor, sometimes to such a degree that the touchscreen’s LED light cannot be detected at all, causing a temporary failure of the touch screen. This is most pronounced in direct sunlight conditions where the sun has a very high energy distribution in the infrared region. However, certain features of infrared touch remain desirable and represent attributes of the ideal touchscreen, including the option to eliminate the glass or plastic overlay that most other touch technologies require in front of the display. In many cases, this overlay is coated with an electrically con-ducting transparent material such as indi-um-tin oxide (ITO), which reduces the optical quality of the display. This advantage of optical touchscreen is extremely important for many device and display vendors since devices are often sold on the perceived quality of the user display experience.
Technologies: There are a number of types of touchscreen technologies. Some of them are Infrared: In this technology infrared (IR) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are placed at the opposite edges. [Bezel edges] to analyze the system and detect the touch event. The LED and photo sensor pairs create a grid of light beams across the display. An object (such as a finger or pen) that touches the screen interrupts the light beams, causing a measured decrease in light at the corresponding photo sensors. The measured photo sensor outputs can be used to locate a touch-point coordinate. Widespread adoption of infrared touchscreen has been hampered by two factors: the relatively high cost of the technology compared to
Another feature of infrared touch which has been long desired is the digital nature of the sensor output when compared to many other touch systems that rely on analog-signal processing to determine a touch position. These competing analog systems normally require continual recalibration, have a complex signal-processing demand (which adds cost and power consumption), demonstrate reduced accuracy and precision compared to a digital system, and have longer-term system12
failure modes due to operating environment.
the
Resistive: A resistive touchscreen panel is composed of several layers, the most important of which are two thin, metallic, electrically conductive layers separated by a narrow gap. When an object, such as a finger, presses down on a point on the panel's outer surface the two metallic layers become connected at that point: the panel then behaves as a pair of voltage dividers with connected outputs. This causes a change in the electrical current which is registered as a touch event and sent to the controller for processing. Surface acoustic wave: Surface acoustic wave (SAW) technology uses ultrasonic waves that pass over the touchscreen panel. When the panel is touched, a portion of the wave is absorbed. This change in the ultrasonic waves registers the position of the touch event and sends this information to the controller for processing. Surface wave touch screen panels can be damaged by outside elements. Contaminants on the surface can also interfere with the functionality of the touchscreen. Projected Capacitive: Projected Capacitive Touch (PCT) technology is a capacitive technology which permits more accurate and flexible operation, by etching the conductive layer. An XY array is formed either by etching a single layer to form a grid pattern of electrodes, or by etching two separate, perpendicular layers of cont’d…
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conductive material with parallel lines or tracks to form the grid (comparable to the pixel grid found in many LCD displays). Applying voltage to the array cerates a grid of capacitors. Bringing a finger or conductive stylus close t the surface of the sensor changes the local electrostatic field. The capacitance change at every individual point on the grid can be measured to accurately determine the touch location[5]. The use of a grid permits a higher resolution than resistive technology and also allows multi- touch operation. The greater resolutions of PCT allows operation without direct contact, such that the conducting layers
Education After B.Tech..? By Raj Kumar Jakkula, B. Siddartha Reddy Opportunities after B.E/B.Tech: the last decade has seen at tremendous change in the attitude of people towards their careers. Gone are those days when the only choices we had after completing school were Engineering, Medicine, C.A, B.Com, and Law besides a few others. Today’s generation has endless career options open in front of them (from Nuclear Scientist to DJ). However, this presentation may certainly help you upto a certain extent to choose-your-career-after-B.Tech. Introduction: Before we go any
can be coated with further protective insulating layers, and operate even under screen protectors, or behind weather and vandal-proof glass. Surface capacitance: In this basic technology, only one side of the insulator is coated with a conductive layer. A small voltage is applied to the layer, resulting in a uniform electrostatic field. When a conductor, such as a human finger, touches the uncoated surface, a capacitor is dynamically formed. Touch screen can be considered as the future on which all new gadgets shall bank on. We are already in the era that has seen further and talk about Career Planning, let’s just look at the change in the job scenario in the last decade: Growth of service sector, especially IT. In spite of the recent recession in the US economy, IT has been growing at an explosive rate with the requirement for skilled manpower in this sector desperately falling short of demand. As a result, countries that face such a shortage are busy recruiting manpower (on work permits) from the countries, which have an adequate supply. In this era of global village, a person today is a global citizen going and living where his/her career aspirations take him/her. One’s country of birth is no longer the default choice to pursue a career in. Thus, we have people born in one corner of the world migrating and pursuing successful careers in another part of the world. Knowledge about
many ground breaking technologies emerge and touch screen is one amongst them which has changed the way users interact with their gadgets to a whole new level. Its needless to say that the further improvement in this technology is inevitable and this can change the way we think what inputoutput devices are. Our world today has already started to see the emergence of visual screen that are flexible, can be worn on wrist like a wrist watch, gadgets with gait recognition all thanks to ground breaking technology of touch screens that set the ball rolling. (views from google)
Information, Communication and Entertainment, commonly referred to as the ICE Age has become increasingly important, rather inevitable for the students, specifically with the onset of IT. The focus today is on acquiring multiple skills and cross functionality rather than specializations: Today organizations are not made up of different departments each of them having a focused task and a limited role; instead today they are made up of teams. These teams consist of people who although have specialized skills but have to synergize their efforts in achieving a common goal. Liberalization, Privatization and Globalization (LPG) are also opening new opportunities for different people. Procedures like deli censing encourage entrepreneurial activity, 13
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which leads to a lot more people taking initiative and exploiting their talents to their fullest potential. It is astonishing how many 21year-old millionaires exist today and it is anybody’s guess how many more are expected tomorrow. Increasing presence of women in the working force plus increasing presence of women in areas traditionally considered male bastions for e.g. the armed forces. As the standard of living is increasing throughout the world; people are moving away from pure monetary considerations while considering a career. True, monetary considerations are still very important, but the weightage of other factors like emotional satisfaction, spiritual fulfilment etc. is increasing. Furthermore acceptance of these factors in a career decision is universally increasing and today a parent is more considerate and open, if his/her teenager states the desire to become a DJ, instead of a Chartered Accountant Increase in pay packages plus increase in working hours but with increased flexibility. It has been propounded by most of the management gurus that emphasis of the next decade would shift from design and technology to happiness and aesthetics, clearly indicating the trend that one's job should match one's potential and interest rather than be decided on one's whims and fancies and dictates of peers and the available norms. Consequently there has been increased job/career switching for various reasons ranging from
growth prospects to personal factors like need for creativity etc. What does it all mean and where does it lead? Simply put, with so much happening so quickly, most of us do not know what to do. Taking the information mentioned above into consideration and other factors like Parental Pressure, Peer Pressure, Environmental and Social Norms, the issue (i.e. your career decision) gets all the more complicated. Another very crucial need also exists and that is an opportunity to identify and then develop those traits of your personality, which with respect to today’s scenario is absolutely necessary irrespective of one’s profession. Some of these traits are the ability to work in teams, leadership, creativity, communication skills etc. This simply means that there is definitely a need for one to go through a process, which will not only enlighten and inform the individual with respect to the various career options, but will also be a journey of discovery of one’s own Interests, Aptitude and Personality which are the very critical components of any career decision. Added to this, one also needs to identify areas of personal development and needs to work on them before embarking on his/her career roadmap. So, it is necessary for one to decide their career. Now, that you have entered into B.Tech. So, now you have to start looking into your future. Study or Job? There are two options you prefer after you complete your B.Tech degree. If you are economically efficient and don’t need a job, it is better you go for your further studies. A specialization will always earn you more salary as well as 14
priority during interviews and of course sound grip over subject. Otherwise you can find some job. Further-Studies: If you prefer to continue to studies, you can do Post graduate courses and then obtain a Ph.D. You have lots of options during this P.G course like M.S/ M.Tech, IAS/IPS, Navy/NDA and Finance related courses like MBA. M.S/M.Tech: If you prefer doing P.G in your field of study, you can go for M.S/M.Tech. If you are ready to go outside India and financially sound you can prefer M.S. You need to appear for GRE/ TOEFL for doing M.S in Foreign countries. GRE: The Graduate Record Examination or GRE is a standardized test that is an admissions requirement for many graduate schools in English speaking countries. It is created and administered by the Educational Testing Service and is similar in format and content to the SAT. It is a computer based Online Test. The percentile scored in this exam will decide your future in doing M.S in foreign nations. TOEFL: The Test of English as a Foreign Language (or TOEFL®, pronounced "toe-full" or sometimes "toffle") evaluates the potential success of an individual to use and understand Standard American English at a college level. It is required for non-native applicants at many English speaking colleges and universities. A TOEFL score is valid for two years and then is cont’d…
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deleted from the official database. The TOEFL速 test is a registered trademark of Educational Testing Service (ETS速) and is administered worldwide. The test was first administered 1964 and has since been taken by nearly 20 million students. Since its introduction in late 2005, the Internet-based test (IBT) has progressively replaced both the computer-based (CBT) and paper- based (PBT) tests. The IBT has been introduced in phases, with the United States, Canada, France, Germany, and Italy in 2005 and the rest of the world in 2006, with test centers added regularly. The demand for test seats remains very high even after almost a year after the introduction of the test: Candidates have to wait for months since short-term test dates are fully booked. The fourhour test consists of four sections, each measuring mainly one of the basic language skills (although some tasks may require multiple skills) and focusing on language used in an academic, higher-education environment. Note-taking isallowed in the IBT. GATE: Conducted by one of seven Indian Institutes of Technology in rotation, Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering (GATE) is an annual exam for admission to M.Tech and M.S. programmes in most engineering institutes in India [citation needed]. It is regarded as a benchmark test for engineering graduates in India [citation needed]. This examination is coordinated by a committee, comprising of Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore and seven Indian Institutes of Technology on behalf of the
National Coordinating Board GATE, Department of Education, and Government of India. The pattern and syllabus are usually based on a candidate's B.Tech. Or BE syllabus. Minimum eligibility for appearing in this exam is usually a B.Tech, BE, B.Arch. or Masc. The exam is usually conducted on second Sunday of February. PSU's like BARC, NPCIL, HAL etc. give importance to GATE scores for various job positions in their organizations. It is not worthy for anyone doing P.G in some college other than Foreign/ Indian University Colleges, and Premiere Private Engineering Colleges MBA: If you prefer doing P.G in some finance related courses you can definitely go for MBA. GMAT: The Graduate Management Admissions Test, better known by the acronym GMAT (pronounced G-mat), is a standardized test for determining aptitude to succeed academically in graduate business studies. The GMAT is used as one of the selection criteria by most respected business schools globally, most commonly for admission into an MBA program. The GMAT is one of many factors schools use when reviewing applications for admission; it is typically balanced with work experience, grades in previous schools, recommendation letters and other admissions criteria. The fee to take the GMAT is currently US$250, worldwide. Global institutes like ISB require the entries to write GMAT.
conducted by IIMs in India for entry to various IIMs present in India. Admissions are based on the scores in CAT exam. Indian Civil Service: The Indian Civil Service serves as the backbone of India and carries great respect and responsibilities. India's best brains vie for entry into the Indian Civil Services as officers. Even though corporate jobs may offer the best of salaries and perks, a majority of youngsters and their parents still crave entry to the prestigious Indian Civil Services held by the UPSC. The very fact that a big share of every year's top posts in the civil services exams are bagged by professionals from various streams, shows that the IAS is still the dream job for many. These are most preferred routes by engineering students in education after B.Tech. Software industry: Whatever the branch you are in during your engineering you can get into a software industry with simply communication skills. It is good if you get a job during the campus placements itself because it is really difficult to find a job after you come out of the college. However there are various kinds of jobs in Software industry which you get accordingly as your course of study or your specialization. It is ok if you do job for some time and start studying again for your P.G courses. Conclusion: So decide your carrier now it self and accordingly to reach your goal. (views from Google)
CAT: Common
Admission
Test
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Mi-Fi By K. Karthik Sharma Bored Of hearing about Wi-Fi, here comes the latest technology. Mi-Fi is a small and portable wireless device that gives its carrier a permanent Wi-Fi hotspot wherever he/she goes, thereby remaining connected to the Internet. MiFi works with cellular 3G/4G networks. This is how it works:
How does a MiFi work? A MiFi taps into 3G or 4G mobile phone networks and uses this connection to create a mini wireless broadband cloud. This can then be shared between mobile internet-enabled devices, such as mobile phones, laptops, netbooks and even games consoles that are within range of its signal. How many people can connect at once? The broadband signal created by the current generation of MiFi products can be shared between up to five users. In order to pick up the signal, however, they must be within around ten metres of the device. Future generations of MiFis are likely to offer longer range as well as the chance to connect more and more users. How fast is MiFi mobile broadband? MiFi mobile broadband provides standard 3G/3.5G connection speeds of up to 21Mbps, depending on location.
The arrival of 4G in the UK via the likes of EE means that users can access speeds well in excess of this. According to EE, its 4G dongle and MiFis deliver speeds up to 80Mbps. Set-up? One of the great things about MiFis is that they are so easy to set up. All that is required is to turn on the unit and wait for your computer to detect the signal. This typically takes a matter of seconds. Once this is done you can get online at broadband speeds instantaneously. Unlike some dongles, there is no software to install. MiFi vs. mobile broadband dongles? A dongle will only allow you to get online with one device at a time. By contrast, MiFi units let up to five people use the signal simultaneously, making them handy for families. MiFis are also a great, cost-effective option for students living in shared accommodation. MiFi also offer the advantage over dongles that they do not need to be plugged in to the device that they are connecting to the internet. This means that they can be placed in the optimum position to ensure a good signal, thus allowing users to overcome some of the problems associated with using a dongle. Can data be stored on a MiFi? 16
Just as dongles double as mass storage units, MiFis also offer the chance to store files on them. Typically they are compatible with micro SD cards, which can be inserted into the MiFi to boost storage space. ADVANTAGES: 1) Previously, if you wanted to have anytime, anywhere access to a broadband connection, you would buy a cellular PC card or USB stick that sticks out of one of the slots in your computer, with a delicately protruding antenna begging to be broken off. These are clumsy solutions, and while it's possible to share the connection with others, it's a technically challenging thing to do. The MiFi is a much more elegant and convenient solution that ultimately costs you the same or less than its predecessors. 2) COST: Bringing your MiFi to work, using it as your primary internet access device during the day, then slipping it in your bag and bringing it home for the night, or wherever else you're headed. It's possible to cut your monthly internet bill in half. 3) The MiFi has a rechargeable battery that can hold a charge for 40 standby hours, or four hours of active use. (views from Google)
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PYTHON The programming language By Santhosh kumar
Python is a widely used generalpurpose, high-level programming language. Its design philosophy emphasizes code readability, and its syntax allows programmers to express concepts in fewer lines of code than would be possible in languages such as C. The language provides constructs intended to enable clear programs on both a small and large scale. Python supports multiple programming paradigms, including object-oriented, imperative and functional programming or procedural styles. It features a dynamic type system and automatic memory management and has a large and comprehensive standard library. Like other dynamic languages, Python is often used as a scripting language, but is also used in a wide range of non-
scripting contexts. Using thirdparty tools, such as Py2exe or Pyinstaller, Python code can be packaged into standalone executable programs. Python interpreters are available for many operating systems. CPython, the reference implementation of Python, is free and open source software and has a community-based development model, as do nearly all of its alternative implementations. CPython is managed by the non-profit Python Software Foundation.
Features of Python Python is a multi-paradigm programming language: objectoriented programming and structured programming are fully supported, and there are a no of language features which support Functional programming and
number of language features which support functional programming and aspectoriented programming (including by meta programming and by magic methods). Many other paradigms are supported using extensions, including design by contract and logic programming.
Learning Python With Internet being available to everyone with the widespread of Internet at fingertips, everyone can learn Python online. There are many websites which teaches Python online; however the official website of Python will be more helpful for even a beginner to get along with this kind of Programming Language. Download and install Python even on Windows OS The following is the link for the downloading the Windows version of Python https://www.python.org/ftp/pyt hon/3.4.1/python-3.4.1.msi The following are the links for learning Python online. http://www.learnpython.org http://pythontutor.com/
(views from Google)
DHIYO-NAHA EDITORIAL BOARD Editor-In-Chief: Tejaswi Manthatti Secretaries: S. Nagender Reddy Soma Vamshi Bhagyaraj Reporter: Raj Kumar Jakkula Designer: Gaddam Shiva Kumar
Editors: L.Chandrashekar G.Abhinav, Lava Kumar Soma Vamshi Bhagyaraj K.Vamshi Chary Kallepu Vanaja K.Uday Kumar Siliveri Kranthi Kumar Sathyam Madhukar 17