THE SETUP OF BUILDING CADASTRE IN SLOVENIA Ema Pogorelčnik, Matjaž Grilc Keywords: cadastre, building cadastre, geodetic registers
ABSTRACT The concepts and objectives of the project “Setup of Building Cadastre” in Slovenia are presented. This project, partly funded by the World Bank, is managed by the Surveying and Mapping Authority of the Republic of Slovenia (SMA) and its first part will be finished at the beginning of 2004. The results will be used for many purposes, among those it will also present the groundwork for real estate taxation. The building cadastre is composed out of technical, registry and cadastral data. Technical data are acquired from different public databases and fieldwork. For the basis the photogrammetric acquisition of building is used, then every building is linked to land cadastre and different data about owners and type of residence is presented per building. In the article the quality and completeness control of technical data is discussed too.
INTRODUCTION The building cadastre is a part of “The Real Estate Registration and Modernisation Project”, which is funded partly by the state and partly by the loan of the World Bank. We can divide “The Real Estate Registration and Modernisation Project” to: - Subproject A: Land and building cadastre - Subproject B: Land register - Subproject C: Apartment registration development - Subproject D: Agriculture land use monitoring - Subproject E: Real estate tax and valuation system development - Subproject F: Housing and mortgage reform - Subproject G: Legal framework for property ownership - Subproject H: Project coordination and strategic studies. The technical data of the building cadastre will be established as a part of the subprojects A and C. Division of the building cadastre The building cadastre is composed out of three types of data: - Cadastral data: established and maintained upon request of the owner of the land, building and a part of a building by an official procedure, - Registry data: established and maintained on report - Technical data: established and maintained by acquisition from existing datasets. In this article the project “The Setup of Building Cadastre – Technical Data” will be mainly presented. The purpose of this project is to acquire information about every building and a building part in short term. The product of this project the Building Cadastre will present a basis for different kinds of usage for administrative purposes. The data will be gathered from different kinds of official or nonofficial databases which cover whole or a part of Slovenia. Those data will be lead as registry data. At the end of the project “Setup of Building Cadastre – Technical Data” every building and every building part will have its own description. After the process of “The First Layout of Data to the Potential Owners”, which will be described later on, technical data will get the status of registry data. The house managers that are obliged to register registry data under the Housing Act will do part of that job. For the Cadastral inscriptions into building cadastre the laws ZPPLPS and ZENDMPE (see references) are used. Cadastral inscription is a pre-condition for the owner of a building or a building part that wants to register his ownership in land registry. Unfortunately there is only a small portion of owners who had already done cadastral inscription of their real estates. In the future the cadastral data will supplant the registry data. But we cannot estimate how long the evolution from mainly registry to mainly cadastral building cadastre will take. History and timetable
The key tasks of the project “Setup of Building Cadastre – Technical Data” are taking part form the year 2000 on and will end in 2004. We can divide them on: - “Photogrammetric Acquisition of Buildings”: 1.400.000 acquired buildings - “Pilot Project of Setup of Building Cadastre”: it prepared methodological groundwork, the methodology was tested on test area, its results were the basis for the preparation of the public official invitation for tenders for the project “Setup of Building Cadastre – Technical Data” - “The Setup of Building Cadastre – Technical Data” Those tasks were/are performed by Surveying and Mapping Authority of the Republic of Slovenia as a Purchaser, Geodetic Institute of Slovenia and different companies that worked work on different individual contracts. The project “Setup of Building Cadastre – Technical Data” begun in October 2002 and will be finished by April 2004. The majority of this article is devoted to this project.
DATA MODEL OF THE PROJECT “SETUP OF BUILDING CADASTRE – TECHNICAL DATA” Organisation of the contractors of the project “Setup of Building Cadastre – Technical Data”
Figure 1. Local contractors
Figure 2. Regional offices managed by local contractors (Digi Data, Igea, LUZ, Monolit)
“The Setup of Building Cadastre – Technical Data” is prepared by consortium of companies presented by joint venture of CRC Sogema, Inc. form Canada and LUZ, d.o.o form Slovenia, which include a lot of private geodetic companies at different locations in Slovenia (Figure 1). The project support office of contractors centrally manages those companies. The project support office delegates the work of regional offices, which manage the work of local contractors. The project support office of contractors is closely connected with the purchaser (SMA) and its project support office. Input data Before and in the procedure of the project “Setup of Building Cadastre – Technical Data” a lot of work
has been done on the acquisition of different kinds of already established data basis, which include information about buildings and building parts. Input data: - Data from central database of buildings: photogrammetric acquisition - Cadastral inscriptions according to the law ZPPLPS and ZENDMPE (see references) - Reservation of house numbers upon a request of the contractor - Land cadastre - Register of spatial units (municipalities, settlements, cadastral areas, house numbers with cancroids) - Raster data (digital ortho-photo maps, scanned topographic maps at a scale of 1:5000, 1:25000) - Business register - Central register of population - Ground rent registers - Register of consumers of electricity and electricity payers - Other. In the process of gathering data, the data from some building administration companies were gained. In the course of data processing SMA with the contractor focused on data on multiapartment buildings, which is difficult to collect “without entering the building”. Under a special Subproject SMA with the contractor contacted the local managers of multiapartment buildings and obtained data on buildings they managed. Unfortunately, the data that was obtained was not complete in several cases. Therefore, all such data was given the status of “technical data” and it will have to be upgraded following completion of the project. Figure 3. Photogrammetrically acquired building outlines.
Arrangements of attributes The data recorded in the building cadastre include: - Identification number of a building and a building part - Location and shape of a building and a building part - Surface area of a building and a building part - Owner or a potential owner of a building part - Administrator of a part of a building if state-owned - Actual use of a building part - Number of floors in the building - Connection with land cadastre (number of a parcel on or under which a building is set, or a parcel on which is building functionally linked) - Connection with the Register of Spatial Units (house number when defined)
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Year of construction of building Year of last renovation of a building and a building part Installations in a building (gas, telephone, cable TV, water, electricity, elevator…), Construction material of a building Number of rooms in a building part (apartment) Information whether a building part has a kitchen, a bathroom, and a toilet.
All records are presented together with the information about the completeness and reliability. Software
Figure 4. Software environment for the “Setup of Building Cadastre – Registry Data”
Special Internet-oriented software was developed for the implementation of the project. Regional Offices were connected on-line with the central application and data server. This allowed work to be done with an actual database. Data transfer was accommodated with the use state-of-the-art data protection with hardware copying. In this way SMA prevented the abuse of personal data. The implementation of the project created new needs and therefore software was upgraded in a terms of its functionality. In this way we enabled the processing of local databases (comprising data provided by managers of multiapartment buildings and local data on the compensation for the use of construction land).
Workflow Work is organised on the unit of a cadastral community. We can divide stages of workflow on: - First preliminary treatment of data (preparation of central register for data) - Preparation of data: merging photogrammetrically acquired building outlines (connecting jutting roofs with main building) - Automatic determination of type of the building - Central automatic determination of different kinds of attributes which can be deduced out of several input sources - First phase at regional office: determination of attributes which are connected to a building - Second phase at regional office: determination of attributes which are connected to a part of a building - Final merging and final inner control, adding data from assisting input data sources.
At the first and second phase of work at regional offices the work is closely connected with good local knowledge. The person who works at regional office has to check the automatic determination of different kinds of attributes and establish those not determined automatically.
Figure 5. Connecting jutting roofs with main building – we get just one outline of the building
The data are saved centrally and are refreshed simultaneously with work, so there is no problem between different cadastral communities on which the work process is simultaneous.
DATA QUALITY CONTROL Under this Project data quality control was devoted significant attention. At first data quality control was foreseen after completion of project. However, this turned to be impossible and therefore we adopted the principle of data quality control at source. Data quality control by the contractors The contractors carried out inner control of data quality, which was aimed at eliminating systemic errors, and errors related to data content. Data quality is regulated by operative instructions written in the public official invitation for tenders. When the work on the cadastral community is finished, and inner data quality control is finished, the cadastral community goes in the data quality control by the SMA. Data quality control by the SMA Data quality control by SMA is performed at the local SMA offices (12 centres) and is based upon a controller with good local knowledge of the area. The data quality control carried out at SMA is performed on at least 5 % sample of buildings in cadastral community. If the cadastral community has less than 500 buildings, the control sample is bigger. Data quality control is divided in two parts: contents control and systematic control. The activities on collecting and organizing data were followed by the control of the logical consistency of the entire database. This control included logical controls of individual attributes, it system attributes to individual buildings and carried out the final control of topological correctness of the entire database.
ASSESSMENT OF QUALITY OF CAPTURED DATA An independent methodology for assessing the quality of the database was developed in order to assess the quality of implemented activities. Pilot areas were selected across Slovenia. These areas were reviewed and analyzed in two ways: 1. Collected data were compared to data of the field building identification that was carried out at the Surveying and Mapping Authority of the Republic of Slovenia in the period 1996 - 2000.
2. Field data control in selected pilot areas. One quality assessment methodology was used in both cases so as to allow a uniform quality assessment for the whole of Slovenia.
FIRST LAYOUT OF DATA TO THE POTENTIAL OWNERS After the end of the project the “Setup of Building Cadastre – Technical Data”, project “The First Layout of Data to the Potential Owners” is planed. With this procedure the potential owners of buildings and a building parts will have a possibility to rectify different kinds of data in the register part of the building cadastre. The building managers for multi-apartment buildings will do part of that job also. “The First Layout of Data to the Potential Owners” is important, because the potential owners or their building managers will have only one possibility to repair the technical data in building cadastre until the data have this status. Repairing data of one’s possession at this state will be quick and cheap for the owners. The owners will have to bear in mind that in the future they will be taxed on the grounds of data held in building cadastre. After the end of the project “The First Layout of Data to the Potential Owners”, the technical data in building cadastre will change its state to register data. From then on the owners will only have the possibility to change the data in building cadastre by cadastral inscription, which is connected with higher expenses as before described registry inscription at the stage of “The First Lay Out of Data to Potential Owners”. Work completed on the project was extensive and complex in terms of its organization. It required a significant level of cooperation between the Client and the Contractors, because more than 90 people worked on the Project at the peak of activities (control of Client's data). It has to be noted that the success of the project was due to the multidisciplinary work of surveyors, managers of multiapartment buildings, staff responsible for spatial data at municipalities and database administrators in large public utility companies. This cooperation on the Project created a sound background for future cooperation after the completion of the Project. One bright example of such cooperation has already materialized in the development of special software used for updating data on multiapartment buildings. The managers can use the software even after the project is completed. In this way they will increase the effectiveness of cross-referencing of their local databases with the national database of the Building Cadastre. A similar action is under preparation for the local communities that will cross-reference their local databases used for charging the compensation for the use of construction land with the database on the national level and synchronize data in the Building Cadastre with the changes determined in the field.
THE USAGE OF BUILDING CADASTRE The data gathered in “The Building Cadastre” presents an important source of real estate data, which can be used for different kinds of users: - For the protection of owner’s rights of the real estate; from the state point of view, we can mention here its link to the Land Register - Calculation of the economical value of the real estate; here we can mention the administration of the building (renovation…), economical evaluation of the building or a part of a building, taxation, the regulation of the real estate market
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Administration of real estate on the local and state level For land planning purposes; the sustainable development views Basic database for setting up different kinds of registers connected with buildings (e.g. register of housekeeping, ecological cards of the building, local real estate registers…) Different tasks connected with the Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia and other.
From the beginning of the project “Setting up building cadastre” the potential users take active part in the definition of the objectives, which are important for them and have to be presented in the Building Cadastre.
Figure 6. Land Cadastre and Building Cadastre data shown against digital orthophoto background.
CONCLUSIONS After finishing the project “Setup up Building Cadastre – Technical Data” and the project “The First Layout of Data to the Potential Owners” Slovenia will get a complete and up-to-date building cadastre which will be useful for different kinds of applications. It will present a basis for transformation of registry data to the cadastral data, although this may take much longer as the “Setup of Building Cadastre - Registry Data” project.
LITERATURE [1] [2] [3]
[4]
Building cadastre – inscription into the building cadastre, Instructions for the SMA officials, 2002, Surveying and mapping authority of the Republic of Slovenia (in Slovene). Instruction for Making and Confirmation of Floor Plan, Official Gazette of the Republic of Slovenia, 2000, No. 2. Law on Special Terms for the Registration of Ownership over Parts of Buildings into the Land Register, Official Gazette of the Republic of Slovenia, 1999, No. 89, abbreviation ZPPLPS. Operative instruction for The Setup of Building Cadastre – Registry Data, 2002, Surveying and mapping authority of the Republic of Slovenia.
[5]
Operative instructions for data quality control by SMA, Instructions for the SMA officials, 2003, Geodetic institute of Slovenia and consortium of contractors presented by a joint venture of LUZ, d.o.o. and CRC Sogema (in Slovene). [6] Pilot Project of Setup of Building Cadastre, 2001, Geodetic institute of Slovenia (in Slovene). [7] Recording of Real Estate, State Border and Spatial Units Act, Official Gazette of the Republic of Slovenia, 2000, No. 52, abbreviation ZENDMPE. [8] Regulation on Building Cadastre Registration, Official Gazette of the Republic of Slovenia, 2002, No. 15, abbreviation PVKS. [9] Surveying and mapping authority of the Republic of Slovenia, [10] http://192.168.1.2/gu_eng/Projects/Real_est/Real_est.asp, abbreviation SMA web page, 4.6. 2003. [11] Technical documentation for photogrammetric acquisition of data on buildings linking on land cadastre and register of spatial units, 2000, 2001, final reports for different acquisition areas by contract SMA_1.1D3_ICB3, ordered by SMA (in Slovene).
Ema PogorelÄ?nik - Surveying and Mapping Authority of the Republic of Slovenia, Zemljemerska ulica 12, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia - ema.pogorelcnik@gov.si MatjaĹž Grilc - Digi Data, d.o.o., Opekarska cesta 11, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia - matjaz@digidata.si