Design Methods

Owl Vision Studio

FOCUS SPACES @ CORNELL

DEA 3700. FA16.

Kelly Guo Dina Kaganer Sarah Lee

Table of Contents 04

Setting the Stage

05

Introduction

06

Case Studies

10

Primary Research

11

Stakeholder Analysis

12

Observations

18

Survey Analysis

20

Interview Highlights

22

Conclusion

23

Live Prototyping

24

Appendix

Setting the Stage

4

Focus Spaces @ Cornell

As we seek to better understand how design enhances the larger university’s mission by exploring various spaces on campus, our team looked into “focus” space types. In setting the stage for our in-depth field research at Cornell, we conducted a secondary research on the concept of focus as well as case studies of relevant settings.

Introduction Focus is a ubiquitous concept that makes up an integral part of our everyday lives as we need to constantly process and understand large quantities of information. Unfortunately, we face an overwhelming amount of distractions in our daily lives, and there is a need for an environment that filters out the sensory overload.

Focus spaces enable people to manage the physical, social, and mental stimuli so they can concentrate on their current activities, whether they are relaxation, socialization, or work related.

There are four zones—sustained, alternating, divided, and selective—that explain people’s focus behaviors when they engage in the activities of their choosing.

Framework for Focus Source: The Peak Performance Center

Ability to alternate between actions that require different thinking processes

Alternating

Selective

Focus

Divided

Ability to focus on one stimuli or factor while filtering out other distractions

Ability to pay attention to two processes at once (multi-tasking)

Sustained Concentration on a task or feature of our environment for a continuous amount of time.

DEA3700. FA16. KGuo. DKaganer. SLee.

5

Case Studies The Risca Palace Library (Risca, UK) “The new Library and Customer Service Centre at Risca is built as a modern extension behind the restored façade of the old Palace Cinema which had been derelict for many years.”

• Furniture inside (chairs, tables, reading nooks) are directly visible from the outside, giving visual access both into the space and from window-side seats.

• Embraced the former Palace cinema life by using velveteen materials and deco-style furniture.

• Provide a waiting area for the reference desk or for people need to pack their things and just need a 1-minute loading zone type of space.

• The first floor is a multi-purpose level with different conference rooms for events and lectures.

What we can learn from this: • Bringing a theme into the space can encourage user participation and interaction.

• Consistency within the space is important, make sure renovations correspond to each other.

• Visual accessibility really helps get non-users to go into the space, increasing the likelihood that they will stay or return.

6

Focus Spaces @ Cornell

Case Studies University of West London Library (London, UK) “Sited over four levels and with 2km of shelving, the new Paul Hamlyn Library is the centerpiece of the University of West London’s £50m campus development.”

• Lots of emphasis on shelving organization and layout of the actual resources, library shelves are movable.

• Matched storage units to the Dewey decimal system; precise mathematical calculations to correspond with the nature of the college.

• Fun use of exaggerated signage and minimalist style to appeal to students, also easier to endure and maintain.

• Offer different types of private armchairs scattered throughout the library, each equipped with little table stands.

What we can learn from this: • Aesthetics that have both function and integrity appeal to students in a higher education setting.

• Thoughtful design and space allocation that is also movable allows for flexibility and encourages group focus • Pops of color in a monochrome environment remind students that studying doesn’t have to be dull.

• Bringing university culture into the space and design creates a conversation between staff and students, connecting them to the place, which shapes a comfortable atmosphere conducive to focus.

DEA3700. FA16. KGuo. DKaganer. SLee.

7

Case Studies Google Office (New York, NY) • This is a company where so much is going on at the same time that distractions can be really hard to filter out • Support a lot of different types of workers, in different field, and doing different tasks • Therefore the office has many different wayfinding tools in order to better connect spaces • Different types of crazy ideas turned into mini meeting spaces or individual spaces, such as a fake subway car • A lot of “fun” spaces, such as pool tables/arcades, game rooms, fitness centers that provide contrast to work

What we can learn from this: • There is a parallel between the Google Campus and college campuses, where social interaction is relatively casual and lots of informal learning happens.

• The NYC office takes focus spaces to the extreme by physically implementing crazy ideas, a risk that college campuses can still be hesitant to take.

8

Focus Spaces @ Cornell

Case Studies Central Park (New York, NY) • There are different levels of energy depending on what visitors are looking for.

• Lower energy level activities include: picnics, enjoying scenery, laying down on the grass.

• Medium energy level activities include: taking a walk, jogging, group fitness and yoga, tourist activities, i.e. horse carriages • High energy level activities include: attending concerts, festivals, events, barbeques and cookouts, sports, i.e. biking, running, ice skating, roller-blading,

What we can learn from this: • One space can have many different types of focus and levels of concentration or energy.

• Focusing in a park environment can mean that you’re not doing anything, which contributes to people’s health and wellbeing.

• Biophilia, or innate human connection to nature, draws people to outdoor environments, and this is a recurring theme highlighted in park spaces.

DEA3700. FA16. KGuo. DKaganer. SLee.

9

Primary Research

10

Focus Spaces @ Cornell

We analyzed potential stakeholders and focus spaces at Cornell University as a benchmark to explore the focus space typology at large. Developing upon the industry research, we collated various methods for data collection to understand the focus space types at Cornell. We have conducted observations of a range of space types on campus, online survey distributed via social media and e-mail communications, and semi-structured interviews with randomly selected individuals.

Stakeholder Analysis Stakeholders @ Cornell

Cornell University & Building Management Foster Culture

Advertise

Provide and maintain focus spaces

Community Engagement

Short Term Users Prospective Students Alumni Visitors

Staff Support and Communicate

Support

Engage & Assist

Students

Faculty

Educate and Advise

Focus Space Types @ Cornell Academic Building

Residential

Cafe

Library

Outdoor Spaces

MVR Commons Klarmann Hall Duffield Physical Sciences Building Mallot Olin Hall Warren Hall Carpenter Sage Hall Statler Lounge Uris Hall

North Campus West Campus Program Houses Co-op Houses

Libe Cafe Mac’s Manndibles Green Dragon Cafe Jennie Martha’s Goldies

Olin Uris Statler Library Law Library ILR Fine Arts

Arts Quad Agriculture Quad Libe Slope Terrace of Olin

DEA3700. FA16. KGuo. DKaganer. SLee.

11

Observations Site Map of Spaces Observed

Cornell University Ithaca, NY Campus

Arts Quad

Libe Slope West Campus

North Campus

Physical Sciences Building

Mann Library Uris & Olin Libraries

Cafe Jennie

@ Cornell Store

eHub Uris Hall @ Kennedy Hall

Statler Hall & Library

Duffield Hall

12

Focus Spaces @ Cornell

MVR Hall

Observations We conducted behavioral observations of the various spaces that provide focus opportunities. Multiple libraries, academic buildings, cafes, residential buildings at Cornell have been observed. The specific locations observed are noted on the site map on the left page. The images captured from the observational study have been printed out and collectively categorized into the different groups according to the recurring pattern. A summary of resulting analysis is documented below according to the category of similar behavior.

Alone in the Nook Individuals tend to look for nook spaces that is detached from the public space to engage in heads-down, high-concentration work with minimal distraction.

Facing Empty Wall Library stacks that encourage an academic atmosphere Back is facing the public

Enclosure with three-walled nook space Movable boards used as dividers and panels for increased sense of enclosure

Private rooms for complete removal from the public

Sufficient overhead lighting or task light should be provided for support

DEA3700. FA16. KGuo. DKaganer. SLee.

13

Observations Don’t-Bother-Me’s Similar to those seeking for three-walled nook spaces, this group of people require no distraction and tend to face an empty wall, often with backs facing the public. These people do not mind people around them although they do not want to be bothered.

Corner spaces are preferred by users Desks are placed facing an empty wall

Dividers that limit the visual distractions Task lighting for adjusting light levels

Window-Seekers There was a clear pattern of people’s tendency to sit either facing or next to the windows.

People seemed to enjoy natural lighting and views of nature accessible through windows.

In Uris Library, windows are too high, so people cannot use them effectively Window-facing seats are popular in libraries

14

Focus Spaces @ Cornell

Observations People-Facers These people often choose to focus in open and public spaces because they are motivated by the presence of other people who create the atmosphere conducive to focus.

Facing people in library space motivates you to focus People face each another in individual seats at a cafe

Social Butterflies People enjoy focusing on socializing or engaging with others mainly in cafe spaces, lobby areas, and lounge spaces with comfortable seating.

Different options for seating allow users to pick and choose the best-fitting place to focus with others

Comfortable and movable furniture encourage people to engage with each other

People enjoy gathering around food to socialize

Groups enjoy semi-enclosed seating in an open area to enjoy private conversations away from the public

DEA3700. FA16. KGuo. DKaganer. SLee.

15

Observations Groups in the Box Enclosed group spaces, sometimes occupied by individuals, are popular spots for users.

Usually covered in glass, the enclosed box-like spaces offer technical support and tools for people to effectively focus on their activity.

The glass walls are coated for increased visual privacy

Large monitors allow presentations and virtual collaborations through video conference Whiteboards support collaboration with groups

Improvisers Some people enjoyed improvising to make the spaces fit their activities’ needs. Many people were spotted focusing in transitional spaces, such as waiting areas or hallway seats.

Hallway space with seating for waiting is improvised into study space

16

Focus Spaces @ Cornell

Observations Comfy is the Best While some prefer rigid seats for high-concentration focus, many seemed to seek for comfortable furniture with cushioning and reclining back for relaxed focus.

Easily movable couches can be rearranged for different needs

Comfortable couches allow users to take a nap

High-back chairs with reclining back provide the needed privacy and comfort

Nature-Lovers Weather permitting, people seemed to enjoy working outdoors despite the inconveniences.

Similar to improvisers, some people have been spotted improvising a seating area on grounds.

Terraced seating allows people to enjoy the nature in any weather

This person enjoys reading on the grass

DEA3700. FA16. KGuo. DKaganer. SLee.

17

Student Surveys We decided the most effective strategy to target the millennial student population was through an online survey. These included questions regarding the participants’ focus behaviors and tendencies of space choices, along with the basic demographic data collection that would help us facilitate different student groups’ needs. A series of infographics summarize our key findings from the online survey that collected a total of 60 responses.

Student Focus Needs Individual Work No Noise

Public

Private

Daylight Enclosed Space Quiet

Open Space

Loud

Background Noise Individual

Task Light

0

10

20

Student Favorite Focus Space

30

40

50

Group

60

Student Favorite Group Focus Space Other

6%

4%

5%

Group Work Resources

14%

25%

39%

55%

18

43%

Focus Spaces @ Cornell

Whiteboards Projection Screen Other

10%

Academic Building

Outlets Movable Furniture

Residential Building

Cafe

Library

Outdoor Spaces

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Student Surveys Students’ Voices The word cloud represents the words that have been mentioned most frequently in students’ response regarding their needs and preferences for focus spaces. Some pull quotes from the open questions in the surveys are highlighted.

I like Mann because there are a lot of options

Absolute silence, not many people moving around

I love the couches in cocktail lounge and the

natural light

There’s a distant background noise that allows talking, but it’s not a space directly designed to have a conversation (i.e. coffee shop)

Open space that’s quiet with

everyone focused on own work DEA3700. FA16. KGuo. DKaganer. SLee.

19

Student Interviews Randomly selected groups of students in different class years and majors were interviewed using a semi-structured method. We asked questions on preferred environments and features for different focus activities, such as studying, working, socializing, and relaxing. Based on the findings from the interviews, a student experience map is analyzed to understand different focus needs throughout a typical day of a student.

“

“

Being in my room means I can wear sweatpants and not worry about what others think.

I love being in the MVR Commons because there’s so much cool furniture, but it’s really hard to find a seat during lunch.

Hunger strikes!

focus on lunch & friends

high

Saved by the bell

focus on going home & relaxing

Typical Energy Level

Microwave meal

focus on dinner & socializing

Wake up call

focus on walking & class

low

Food Coma...

focus on lectures & not sleeping

That’s a wrap

focus on studying & sleeping

“

8AM

9AM

Focus Spaces @ Cornell

2PM

4PM

“ 6PM

9PM

12AM

Experience Map: Daily Life of a Student

I need coffee. Or just moving around will help wake me up.

20

12PM

“

I like to study in Olin stacks, where it’s dead silent, and do not like anywhere else.

I usually stay late into the night [on campus] and am

constantly hungry

because cafes are closed.

Staff & Faculty Interviews Several staff members and faculty have been interviewed and the following pull quotes highlight some of the major findings from these stakeholders.

Ability to achieve privacy, control of access to me.

Library, openness, no cubicles, something open.

quiet with a view of the nature where you can look out.

Very

Focus means the absence

distractions

of

and everything... noise, media, and commotion are distractions for me.

Being able to control level of stimulation around me, social, auditory or visual.

I like working outdoors in principle, but i need my staff around me that’s my constraint.

I like hearing nature around me. Natural sounds, such as birds’ sounds are good.

Usually [a focus space I would choose to go] is always

a library, someplace surrounded by books and being able to see outside, not usually my office, some place

where people don’t know me.

DEA3700. FA16. KGuo. DKaganer. SLee.

21

Conclusion Summary of Findings When asked “what does focus mean to you?” a lot of the times, people were confused and didn’t fully know how to answer the question. They tended to associate focus with studying and working, usually high-concentration required work. However, some pointed out that focus is the elimination of distractions to help concentrate on the task at hand. Based on our observations and interviews, we found that people, whether they were studying, talking to others, or just reading a book, preferred quiet environments, flexible furniture, natural lighting,

and outlets.

Work Focus

Social Focus

Relax Focus

People usually preferred individual

Users often said that the cafe

Many people mentioned that

quiet spaces with little distractions.

environments serve best for

when they wanted to relax or

focus around socializing or

take a break then they would

interacting with other people.

go outside.

The ideal social focus

However, users would

environment would support

not spend a lot of time

the visual and acoustic privacy

outdoors due to limitations

but still be part of an open

that the ground was usually

public space.

uncomfortable or the

Some people expressed extreme needs, such as working in a space completely free of any distraction.

Many said finding spaces fit for group size and activity is difficult.

Technical support was needed, People preferred to have personalization spaces, such as whiteboards or large walls for

weather conditions are not accommodating.

pin-up.

Identifying the Gap People would ideally want to be close to nature for focus if they had the option to do so. The big reason for people not being able to focus in nature is the lack of technology and seating support in outdoor environments. Cornell lacks with outdoorsy environment for focus, as there is no designated space that allows adequate access to nature for engaging in their chosen activities.

22

Focus Spaces @ Cornell

Live Prototyping Focus Typologies Based on our primary and secondary research we developed eleven typologies that encompass the concept of focus across campus spaces.

Sunroom

Pavilion

Incubator

Landsteps

Lay-It-Out

Hideaway

Tech Charge

Window Bar

Pick+Choose

Caffeinate

Quiet, Please

Live Prototyping Sessions With the initial draft of cards, live prototyping sessions were conducted to test out the typologies.

All groups of our main stakeholders: students, faculty, staff, and alumni participated in the sessions.

We asked for general feedback as well as which typologies they would associate with their work, social, and relaxation focuses. The following is a summary of our findings from the sessions.

Student @ eHub

Presentation of Cards

Faculty @ MVR Hall

All the users were drawn to images rather than written descriptions and expressed that images were clear enough for easy identification.

Nature-Friendly Typologies “Sunroom”, “Landsteps”, and “Pavilion” were almost always selected as spaces the users would go for focus on solitary work or relaxation.

High Concentration and Privacy “Hideaway” was a popular choice for high-concentration work or

Staff Alumni @ Mann Library @Dina’s Home

private conversations.

Supportive Environment “Tech Charge”, “Incubator” and “Lay-It-Out” spaces were chosen for access to outlets and other tools needed for focus.

DEA3700. FA16. KGuo. DKaganer. SLee.

23

Appendix

24

Focus Spaces @ Cornell

Bibliography Focus Typology Cards Student Survey Survey Analysis Observation Exercise Selected Interview Notes

Bibliography Arieff, Allison. “Collaborative Workspaces: Not All They’re Cracked Up to Be.” January 2012. http://www. citylab.com/design/2012/01/collaborative-workspaces-not-all-theyre-cracked-be/946/ Bruynzeel Storage Systems Ltd. “University of West London Library.” University of West London Library.

Academic Library and Archive: Compactus electronic mobile shelving; Sysco static library shelving. http://www.designinglibraries.org.uk/documents/University%20of%20West%20London%20Library.pdf Contemplative Computing. “Surprising study: College students want quiet space, can’t find it.” December

2012. http://www.contemplativecomputing.org/2012/12/surprising-study-college-students-want-qui

et-space-cant-find-it.html Gensler, “What we’ve learned about focus in the workplace.” October 2012. http://www.gensler.com/uploads/

document/306/file/Focus_in_the_Workplace_10_01_2012.pdf Hoskins, Diane. “Focus on Focus.” January 2013. http://www.gensler.com/uploads/document/306/fileFocus_

in_the_Workplace_10_01_2012.pdf Huang, Yong-Lu, et al. “Age-associated difference in circadian sleep–wake and rest–activity rhythms.” November

2001. Netherlands Institute for Brain Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Physiology & Behavior.

Johnson, Joshua. “The Future of the Workplace (podcast).” January 2012. https://ww2.kqed.org/ forum/2012/01/02/the-future-of-the-workplace/ Lucken, Erik. “The Unsung Office Hero.” January 2012. http://www.gensleron.com/work/2012/1/30/the-un

sung-office-hero.html Opening The Book. “Risca Palace Library.” Case Studies. http://www.openingthebook.com/case-studies/ri sca-palace-library The Peak Performance Center. “Types of Attention.” http://thepeakperformancecenter.com/educational-learn ing/learning/process/obtaining/types-of-attention/ Pittman, Tim, et al. “How do students envision the present and future academic library?” http://www.gensler. com/research-insight/research/students-on-libraries Smale, Maura A. and Regalado, Mariana. “‘I Am More Productive in the Library Because It’s Quiet’: Commuter

Students in the College Library.” crl.acrl.org/content/76/7/899.full.pdf Stewart, James B. “Looking for a Lesson in Google’s Perks.” NY Times.com. March 2013. http://www.nytimes. com/2013/03/16/business/at-google-a-place-to-work-and-play.html Warsh, Marie, et al. “Central Park: A Research Guide.” Central Park Conservancy. http://www.centralparknyc. org/assets/pdfs/institute/Central-Park-Conservancy-Research-Guide.pdf

DEA3700. FA16. KGuo. DKaganer. SLee.

25

Focus Typology Cards Final Draft with Revisions

26

Focus Spaces @ Cornell

Focus Typology Cards Final Draft with Revisions

DEA3700. FA16. KGuo. DKaganer. SLee.

27

Focus Typology Cards First Draft with Notations

28

Focus Spaces @ Cornell

Focus Typology Cards First Draft with Notations

DEA3700. FA16. KGuo. DKaganer. SLee.

29

Student Survey Online Student Survey on Google Forms

30

Focus Spaces @ Cornell

Student Survey Online Student Survey on Google Forms

DEA3700. FA16. KGuo. DKaganer. SLee.

31

Survey Analysis Initial Survey Analysis

32

Focus Spaces @ Cornell

Observation Exercise Observation Image Grouping Exercise

DEA3700. FA16. KGuo. DKaganer. SLee.

33

Interview Notes Student Interview #1 Freshman, College of Arts & Sciences Economics Major Where do you go to do work/study on campus?

- Usually stay in my room because I live in a single.

- Maybe sometimes study with my friend in the dorm lounge when we have an upcoming prelim.

What’s your favorite space to go on campus?

- My desk in my room.

What do you need when you do work (supplies, laptop, furniture)?

- I sit in the chair they give me because that’s all I have, but it’s not comfortable. Sometimes having a more uncomfortable chair helps you stay awake more.

- From time to time, I play games while I’m doing work, so I always need my computer.

Do you like no noise or some noise?

- Usually no noise. When doing homework I’d probably have some music on.

What kind of sounds do you enjoy being around (music, white noise etc)?

- Usually listen to music through earbuds.

What about this space do you like/dislike?

- Distracting because of my bed, but I also like that comfiness at the same time - Sense of privacy so I won’t get judged for what I’m looking up on the computer. It can get lonely though.

- In my room, I don’t have to dress for outdoors.

How much space do you need when you are focusing?

- I need a lot of space. I put books all over the place (on my bed, table, floor). I’m super messy when I work.

Do you do any do group work? Where do you go on campus to do that?

- Usually meet up in RPCC at a group table. It’s pretty quiet but my group make it loud.

Do you have a hard time finding group space on campus?

- It’s not always easy to find a space. It can get really crowded. It just depends on what time you go in.

What do you need when working with the group? (i.e. tables, chairs, whiteboards, outlets) - Only laptops. Everything is electronic.

Do you ever work in quads or outdoors?

- Never. I hate working outdoors because the wind blows.

34

Focus Spaces @ Cornell

Interview Notes Student Interview #2 Sophomore, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences Communications Major Where do you go to do work/study on campus?

- Mann is a calm library. Basement of my sorority house. Olin or Sage Hall because I work there.

What’s your favorite space to go on campus?

- Mann Library or Sage Hall on campus. Mann has a lot of different options. 1st and 2nd floors are more social, creative, and new. 3rd floor is more structured in a sense and more silent. Depends on what I’m doing, but I usually go to the 2nd floor.

What do you need when you do work (supplies, laptop, furniture)?

- Laptop and comfortable chair, but not too comfortable otherwise I won’t be focusing.

- Outlets and coffee. A lot of the older libraries don’t have that. Uris Library’s main floor has no outlets.

Do you like no noise or some noise?

- A little bit of noise. Some conversation but not too loud. It helps me feel like doing work but not loud enough that I end up eavesdropping into their conversation.

What kind of sounds do you enjoy being around (music, white noise etc)?

- Music plug in earphones.

What about this space do you like/dislike?

- Mann gets really cold sometimes.

- Sage Hall is on business school hours, which is different from the undergrad hours. Completely different schedule and the building only has one cafe that has short hours so I usually study late into the night and don’t know what to do.

How much space do you need when you are focusing?

- I don’t like to be cramped. Stacks feel claustrophobic to me, I like having a big table or space around me and not a lot of people around me.

Do you do any do group work? Where do you go on campus to do that?

- When I do group work, we all met in Libe Cafe. It’s super loud but we got seats for everyone and it was chill and relaxed. If we were doing something more collaborative, it would be too loud.

Do you have a hard time finding group space on campus?

- Sometimes, Mann, for example, during prime study times, such as before or after dinner, a lot of group study spaces are all full. Open tables are usually where we work What do you need when working with the group? (i.e. tables, chairs, whiteboards, outlets) - Everyone brings their laptops, paper in case, extra notes or slides.

- Phone for GroupMe, so that we can keep updating for people who are missing.

Do you ever work in quads or outdoors?

- Usually no. It’s kind of dirty outside and I would totally go but I don’t want to just sit on the grass and find bugs all over me later.

DEA3700. FA16. KGuo. DKaganer. SLee.

35

Interview Notes Staff Interview Associate Director Mario Einaudi Center for International Studies (Uris Hall) Where do you go to do focus/work on campus?

- In my office and I close my doors.

If you could choose, what’s your favorite space to go to focus on campus?

- Library, openness, no cubicles, something open, but very quiet with a view of the nature where you can look out.

What are your needs when you’re focusing/working? What kind of resources or environment do you like to focus in?

- I need a computer whether I like it or not, something to write, I need access to all kinds of files, usually certain books and papers.

Do you like no noise or some noise?

- I don’t like background noise or music. I like it quiet.

What about this space do you like/dislike?

- I love my view. What i don’t like is that it’s too full. It should be emptied. I also don’t like to have walls where I hear noise from other offices or meetings.

How much space do you need when you are focusing? (i.e. small space vs. large space to spread out) - Large space to spread out and pin-up space.

Do you do any group work that requires focus? Where do you go on campus to do that?

- If it’s more than two people, I go out of office and find a meeting room.

What do you need when working with the group? (i.e. tables, chairs, whiteboards, outlets) - I would use a whiteboard if it’s there. I need space to spread out. Computer rooms with monitor hooked up with the screen.

Do you ever work outdoors? If so, what do you like about it?

- I like working outdoors in principle, but I need my staff around me that’s my constraint. I like hearing nature around me. Natural sounds, birds, etc.

36

Focus Spaces @ Cornell

Interview Notes Faculty Interview Professor, College of Human Ecology Design and Environmental Analysis (DEA) What does focus mean to you and how do you identify it spatially?

- Spaces that have a central point around which activities occurred. When I think about focus, I tend to associate it with the concept of axis mundi, where people in villages in primitive civilization centered around one central spot to connect.

- I identify focus when it separates sacred from the profane. Sacred spaces would be axis mundi and profane would be activity that happens in peripheral areas.

Where would you go to focus on an activity of your choosing?

- Usually it’s going to be outside, either dance studio or any outdoor setting.

- I like to maintain the balance between outdoor prospect and refuge.

What are the ideal elements in an environment that is conducive to focus for you?

- Ability to achieve privacy, control of access to me. Being able to control level of stimulation around me, whether they are social, auditory, or visual.

Where do you go to do focus/work on campus?

- Usually always a library, someplace surrounded by books and being able to see outside.

- Not usually my office, some place where people don’t know me.

DEA3700. FA16. KGuo. DKaganer. SLee.

37

Owl Vision Studio DEA3700 / Fall 2016 Kelly Guo / Dina Kaganer / Sarah Lee Cornell University / College of Human Ecology Design + Environmental Analysis