2012/03/29 P1 presentation by Dion van Dijk

ALL BRAINS ON DECK spatial strategy to attract and facilitate knowledge workers to stimulate the development of the Brainport Eindhoven towards a competitive knowledge cluster

Dion van Dijk 4023382

P1 presentation April 2, 2012 1st mentor Drs. H.J. Rosenboom Spatial Planning and Strategy

Posad Spatial Strategies

Faculty of Architecture Department of Urbanism Urban Regeneration

CONTENT INTRODUCTION - definition of Brainport Eindhoven - history of Brainport and Eindhoven - ambition Brainport Eindhoven - aim - relevance - problem field - research questions - methodology - planning

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK COMPARATIVE CASE STUDIES EXISTING PLANS

INTRODUCTION

Amsterdam

BRAINPORT EINDHOVEN The non-geographical defined network of research and development related industries, universities, institutes and campuses in the southeast of the Netherlands, concentrated around the city of Eindhoven

Utrecht

The Hague

Rotterdam Den Bosch

source: S+RO, 2011

Breda

Tilburg Helmond

Duisburg

Eindhoven Antwerp

Dusseldorf

Mechelen

Gent

Brussels

Leuven

Cologne

Dortmund

18%

25%

population

foreign researchers investments

Netherlands

25%

26%

35%

45%

54%

export

private R&D

patents

Southeast of the Netherlands

source: Brainport Development, 2011

26%

oreign researchers estments

35%

45%

54%

export

private R&D

patents

Amsterdam

BRAINPORT EINDHOVEN The non-geographical defined network of 26% 35% 45% 54% 8% 25% research and development related industries, universities, institutes and campuses in the southexport private R&D patents lation foreign researchers investments east of the Netherlands, concentrated around the city of Eindhoven

Utrecht

The Hague

Rotterdam Den Bosch

source: S+RO, 2011

Breda

Tilburg Helmond

Duisburg

Eindhoven Antwerp

Dusseldorf

Mechelen

Gent

Brussels

Leuven

Cologne

Dortmund

HISTORY OF BRAINPORT AND EINDHOVEN

Philips founded in May, 1891 by Gerard and Frederik Philips

first housing neighbourhood for employees of Philips (Weverstraat)

1891

1909

construction of 700 housing units in Philipsdorp

1910

establishment of Philips Sport Vereniging

1913

opening of physics laboratory in Strijp neighbourhood

1914

HISTORY OF BRAINPORT AND EINDHOVEN

establishment of Philips Sport Vereniging

1913

opening of physics laboratory in Strijp neighbourhood

1914

population of Eindhoven grows from 6,500 towards 46,000 inhabitants

1920

establishment of automobile and truck manufacturer DAF by van Doorne family

1928

construction o

192

HISTORY OF BRAINPORT AND EINDHOVEN

construction of Philipswijk

opening of airport Welschap

1928

1932

continuation of construction after WO II by Philips

1949

HISTORY OF BRAINPORT AND EINDHOVEN

of construction Philips

establishment of buses developer and manufacturer VDL in Hapert

establishment of Technische Hogeschool Eindhoven

1953

1956

new headquar Philips in Woen

1964

hnische en

HISTORY OF BRAINPORT AND EINDHOVEN

new headquarter of Philips in Woensel

1964

automobile manufacturer Volvo opens headquarter and innovation center in Helmond

1976

establishment of Samenwerkingsverband Regio Eindhoven

1993

head move

HISTORY OF BRAINPORT AND EINDHOVEN

menwerkingsdhoven

headquarter of Philips moves to Amsterdam

1997

former laboratory terrain transformed into High Tech Campus Eindhoven

1999

Philips and Douwe Egberts introduce the Senseo coffee system

2001

region Eindhoven Southeast Brabant marked as Brainport

2004

former Phil transforme

2006

HISTORY OF BRAINPORT AND EINDHOVEN

region Eindhoven Southeast Brabant marked as Brainport

2004

former Philips terrain Strijp S transformed into new city district

2006

TNO automotive moves from Delft to Helmond

2007

AMBITION BRAINPORT

9th

1-3th

top technology centre in 2020

13th

1-10th

top technology centre in 2020

source: Brainport Development, 2011

AMBITION BRAINPORT doubling its current amount of 12,000 knowledge workers

AIM

strategical programmatic and spatial interpretation for the Brainport region to attract knowledge workers to become a competitive knowledge region

fully integrated with the â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;generalâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; challenges for the Brainport region

RELEVANCE societal relevance

not present

present

figure 2.2 framework of analysis source: van Winden et al., 2007

business climate

people climate

knowledge city?

RELEVANCE scientific relevance

economic

spatial

social

business climate

people climate

knowledge city?

PROBLEM FIELD problem statement

strong progress

Stars Amsterdam, Munich, Helsinki, Stockholm, Dublin Pearls Leuven, Leiden

â&#x20AC;&#x153;Star Nicheplayer is a specialised city with a clear advantage in terms of knowledge base and economic base, but a certain disadvantage in terms of urban scale. Their specialisation is their strength, but also their weakness.â&#x20AC;? van Winden, 2007

non-metropolitan

typology of cities source: van Winden et al., 2007

weak progress

metropolitan

Metropoles in transition Rotterdam, Manchester, Dortmund

Star Nicheplayer Eindhoven

Intellectuals Munster, Groningen Nicheplayers in transition Aachen, Enschede

van Winden, W. - European cities in the knowledge economy: towards a typology

PROBLEM FIELD international context

South/Eastern Ireland, Ireland

Paris, France Milan, Italy

PROBLEM FIELD national context

AMSTERDAM AMSTERDAM AMSTERDAM

EINDHOVEN EINDHOVEN EINDHOVEN

ROTTERDAM ROTTERDAM ROTTERDAM

PROBLEM FIELD regional context

green landscape with a big variety of urban typologies

continuous urban chain

PROBLEM FIELD local context

city city

network of knowledge not corresponding with network of cities

city

PROBLEM FIELD local context

3% 3%

X% X%

total housing stock in city centre

annual housing production

total housing stock city centre workers housing prefered byinknowledge

annual housing production housing demand

housing prefered by knowledge workers

housing demand

housing production not corresponding with actual demand source: Maldonado, 2010

u u

RESEARCH QUESTIONS

main research question What spatial strategy can attract and facilitate knowledge workers to stimulate the development of the Brainport Eindhoven towards a competitive knowledge cluster? sub-research questions What cluster strategy can strengthen the Brainport Eindhoven as a competitive knowledge cluster? What socio-spatial elements are on what scale level crucial to attract human capital for the Brainport? What are the existing plans for addressing the current problems and future challenges for the Brainport and its surrounding region?

METHODOLOGY

PROJECT DEFINITION

problem statement research questions

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK critic review by comparison competitive cluster crucial scale level human capital elements of attraction

reflection on Brainport

literature review (abstract)

COMPARATIVE CASE STUDIES design by research

benchmarking - competitors in high tech sector - nearby located metropolitan areas

reflection on Brainport

EXISTING PLANS

reflection

critic review by analysis national government province of Noord-Brabant municipalities of BrabantStad institutions (Brainport, SRE et al.)

reflection on Brainport

REGIONAL STRATEGY research by design

spatial strategy for Brainport region with internal and external connections

LOCAL DESIGN

research by design urban design for redevelopment area in Eindhoven

PLANNING overall planning

Start

February 6, 2012

April 2, 2012

June, 2012

October, 2012

December, 2012

PROJECT DEFINITION

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK COMPARATIVE CASE STUDIES EXISTING PLANS ANALYSIS REGIONAL STRATEGY

LOCAL DESIGN EVALUATION

January, 2013

PLANNING planning until P2

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

CLUSTER

€

FOCUS AREA

€

HUMAN CAPITAL AMENITIES OF ATTRACTION

GUIDELINES TOWARDS COMPETITIVE KNOWLEDGE REGION ...

... MAKING USE OF THE DISTINCTIVE QUALITIES OF THE BRAINPORT REGION ...

... IN LINE WITH CURRENT AND FUTURE PROBLEMS AND CHALLENGES

! COMPARATIVE CASE STUDIES

Brainport

EXISTING PLANS

! different actors with different vision

! !

existing and future problems upcoming challenges

... FORMED INTO A REGIONAL STRATEGY ...

... WITH INDIC INTERVENTIO

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

PLANNED READINGS

FOCUS AREA

HUMAN CAPITAL

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

COMPETITIVE CLUSTER COMPOSITION

AMENITIES OF ATTRACTION

PLANNED READINGS

Glaeser, E. - Rise of the creative class Marlet, G. - De aantrekkelijke stad van Oort, F. - Innovation and agglomeration economies in the Netherlands

FOCUS AREA

HUMAN CAPITAL

Marlet, G. - Dutch creative class and how it fosters urban employment growth Kotkin, J. - How the Digital Revolution is Reshaping the American Landscape Marlet, G. - De aantrekkelijke stad

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK Marlet, G. - De aantrekkelijke stad Marlet, G. - Muziek in de stad

Porter, M. - The competitive advantage of nations van Winden, W. - European cities in the knowledge economy towards a typology Lundvall, B.A. - Innovation system theory Schumpeter, J. - Innovation theory

Clark, T. - Urban amenities: lakes, opera and juice bars: do they drive development?

COMPETITIVE CLUSTER COMPOSITION

AMENITIES OF ATTRACTION

van Oort, F. - Residential amenities of knowledge workers and the location of ICT-firms in the Netherlands Glaeser, E. - Consumer city Mathur, V. - Do amenities matter in attracting knowledge workers for regional economic development

COMPOSITION OF COMPETITIVE CLUSTER

CLUSTER THEORY OF PORTER

Cluster typologies by Porter - historic know-how-based cluster - factor endowment clusters - high-tech clusters - low-cost manufacturing clusters - knowledge service clusters

INNOVATION THEORY OF SCHUMPETER

INNOVATION SYSTEM THEORY OF LUNDVALL

TYPOLOGY CITIES IN KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY OF VAN WINDEN

not present framework of analysis

source: van Winden et al., 2007

present

HUMAN CAPITAL

HUMAN CAPITAL

â&#x20AC;&#x153;The amount of highly educated people is positive related with the growth of employment in the financial and financial services and thus the economic growth of a city in the knowledge economyâ&#x20AC;? Glaeser, E. - The skilled city

HUMAN CAPITAL

â&#x20AC;&#x153;A slightly better handle on actual skills, rather than using only an educationbased mesaure - to measure what people do, rather than just what their training may say about them on paperâ&#x20AC;? Florida, R. - The rise of the creative class

HUMAN CAPITAL

â&#x20AC;&#x153;In the Dutch context, a person of the creative class stimulates the economic effect for a city more than a highly educated person. Both can be the same person, but it is not necessaryâ&#x20AC;? Marlet, G. - De aantrekklijke stad

HUMAN CAPITAL

â&#x20AC;&#x153;People working in the ICT and high tech sector are part of the creative class. However, they prefer very different living and working environments than the rest of the creative classâ&#x20AC;? Kotkin, J. - How the digital revolution is reshaping the american landscape

HUMAN CAPITAL

ATTRACTION OF HUMAN CAPITAL

Attraction of the knowledge workers research to spatial elements of a city to attract knowledge workers in order to stimulate the local economy

P.D. van Dijk 4023382 P.D.vanDijk@student.tudelft.nl Delft University of Technology, Department of Urbanism March 29, 2012 Abstract - In the global shift from a manufacturing economy towards a knowledge economy, different factors have become more important to stimulate the economic growth. Nowadays people, especially those concerning knowledge-driven activities, are seen as the most important capital (Marlet, 2009). Therefore it is important for the city’s economy to offer an environment which stimulates people to innovate, re-invent and develop themselves so they can stimulate the city’s economy (Van Winden, 2007). And cities are putting lots of effort in becoming an attractive city where these (potential) knowledge workers want to work and live. Multiple theories have been written about what people are seen as the knowledge workers. Therefore different standards have been used to make a qualification, such as based on their level of education (Glaeser, 2001) or the actual profession they execute (Florida, 2002). However, the majority of this research is based on the American context. Important to know is whether these theories are also applicable in the Dutch context (Romein, 2007). Empirical research is a method often used often in literature related to this subject, which will therefore also be used for this paper, to indicate the influence of what knowledge workers on the local economy in the Dutch context.

The next questions that will be addressed in this paper is why certain cities are better in attracting knowledge workers than other cities? What makes these people decide to work and/or live in a certain city instead of the other one? To answer this question, empirical research will be used to indicate what spatial elements are correlating with the presence of the knowledge workers. The outcome of the research will determine what knowledge workers need to be attracted in order to stimulate the city’s economy and what spatial elements are crucial in this process. Hereby an analysis will show the relation between the written theories about economic stimulation and whether this is applicable in the Dutch context. Furthermore, the outcome of this paper will be used in the graduation project, which focuses on the clustering of knowledgedriven technology industries concentrated around the city of Eindhoven, in the southeast of the Netherlands. The results of this paper will be used to facilitate the required elements in order to achieve an environment which attracts (potential) knowledge workers to the Eindhoven region. Key words – spatial elements , knowledge workers, city economy, The Netherlands

FOCUS AREA

amenity index (Glaeser, E.) :

increasement housing prices increasement average income

The higher the amenity index, the more people are willing to pay for an attractive living environment

Which scale level explains the housing price differences in the Netherlands?

house 19,3%

region 43,0% neighbourhood 24,3%

city 13,4% source: Marlet, G. (2009) De aantrekkelijke stad

FOCUS AREA

If the regional scale is indeed determinative for the attractiveness of a city ... then not only the city of Eindhoven ... but a much wide region (BrabantStad network?) should be the focus for a regional strategy

Den Bosch Tilburg Breda Eindhoven

Helmond Eindhoven

COMPARATIVE CASE STUDY

COMPETITIVE REGIONS

total

low tech industry

middle tech industry

high tech industry

Milan, Italy

Antwerp, Belgium

Paris, France

South/Eastern Ireland, Ireland

Paris, France

Parijs, France

Milan, Italy

Paris, France

Antwerp, Belgium

Milan, Italy

Dusseldorf, Germany

Milan, Italy

Düsseldorf, Germany

Stuttgart, Germany

Rhone Alpes, France

Stuttgart, Germany

Arnsberg, Germany

Antwerp, Belgium

Border Midlands, Ireland

South/Eastern Ireland, Ireland

Cologne, Germany

Arnsberg, Germany

Helsinki, Finland

Arnsberg, Germany

East Flanders, Belgium

Cologne, Belgium

Düsseldorf, Germany

Cologne, Germany

Stuttgart, Germany

Rhone Alpes, France

Stuttgart, Germany

Rhone Alpes, France

West Flanders, Belgium

Oberbayern, Germany

Oxfordshire, United Kingdom

Oberbayern, Germany

Rhone Alpes, France

Catalonia, Spain

Inner London, United Kingdom

competitors of the Brainport in the technology sector source: PBL - De concurrentiepositie van Nederlandse regio’s, 2011

BORDER MIDLANDS, IRELAND

SOUTH/EASTERN IRELAND

PARIS, FRANCE

RHONE ALPES, FRANCE

MILAN, ITALY

competitors of the Brainport in the high tech industry source: PBL - De concurrentiepositie van Nederlandse regio’s, 2011

NEARBY LOCATED METROPOLITAN AREAS

unique spatial qualities

maintained or even expanded

lacking spatial qualities

investigated whether feasible and desirable for Brainport region

Amsterdam

RANDSTAD Utrecht

The Hague

Rotterdam

Duisburg Antwerpen

Eindhoven Dusseldorf

Mechelen

Gent

FLEMISH DIAMOND Brussels

Leuven

Dortmund

Cologne

RUHR AREA

BENCHMARKING

competitors in high tech industry

policy

economy

amenities

spatial

demography

Brainport region, The Netherlands population size density

spatial organisation accessibility to jobs culture recreation main industries networks ambition of policy documents

South/Eastern Ireland, Ireland

Paris, France

Milan, Italy

Rhone Alpes, France

nearby located metropolitan areas Border Midlands, Ireland

Randstad, The Netherlands

Ruhr area, Germany

Flemish Diamond, Belgium

EXISTING PLANS

PLANNED READINGS

ORGANISATIONS

NATIONAL GOVERNMENT

EXISTING PLANS

MUNICIPALITY OF EINDHOVEN

PROVINCE OF NORTH BRABANT

BRABANTSTAD

PLANNED READINGS

Eindhoven Studentenstad Regionaal Structuurplan regio Eindhoven Provinciaal uitwerkingsplan Zuidoost-Brabant Brainport 2020

Structuurvisie Infrastructuur en Milieu

TU/e

SRE

ORGANISATIONS

NATIONAL GOVERNMENT

Pieken in de Delta 4th Memorandum on Spatial Planning

Brainport

5th Memorandum on Spatial Planning

EXISTING PLANS

Staat van de stad 2020

MUNICIPALITY OF EINDHOVEN

PROVINCE OF NORTH BRABANT

Vision on center area

vision Southeast Brabant Contouren van de Strategische Agenda BrabantStad 2012-2020

BRABANTSTAD

Verkenning MIRT Zuidoostvleugel BrabantStad Bestuursakkoord ‘Tien voor Brabant’ Meerjarenprogramma Brabantstad 2008-2012

Thank you

Dion van Dijk 4023382

P1 presentation April 2, 2012 1st mentor Drs. H.J. Rosenboom Spatial Planning and Strategy

Posad Spatial Strategies

Faculty of Architecture Department of Urbanism Urban Regeneration