REFORMATION CENTRE FOR BORSTALS AND JUVENILE AHMEDABAD GUJARAT,INDIA
Disha Pragnesh Tamboli
Department of Architecture, Faculty of Technology and Engineering
The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda
D. N. Hall, Pratapgunj Vadodara, India
2021
JULY
REFORMATION CENTRE FOR BORSTALS AND JUVENILE AHMEDABAD GUJARAT, INDIA
Disha Pragnesh Tamboli
B.Arch. V - Second Semester (2020-2021
PrimaryGuide:Ar.KhyatiG.Tewari
SecondaryGuide:Dr.BhawanaVasudeva
Department of Architecture, Faculty of Technology and Engineering
The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda
D. N. Hall, Pratapgunj Vadodara, India
JULY 2021
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REFORMATION CENTRE FOR BORSTALS AND JUVENILE AHMEDABAD
This Design Thesis report is submitted in partial fulfillment For the Degree of Bachelor of Architecture At the Department of Architecture Faculty of Technology and Engineering
The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
It is approved as creditable work on the Design Thesis subject Completed in a satisfactory manner.
Primary Guide
Ar. Khyati G. Tewari
Design Thesis Chair
Ar. Khyati G. Tewari
Secondary Guide
Dr. Bhawana Vasudeva
Head of Dept.
Dr. Bhawana Vasudeva
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Disha Pragnesh Tamboli
Abstract
CHILDREN CANNOT BE CORRECTED BY HATE BUT LOVE
-MOHANDAS KARAMCHAND GANDHI
The core of diversion in the settlement of the offense which is done by juveniles is to realize restoration of all damages and to prevent deviant behavior such as physical, public, and social damages and to prevent deviant behavior in future. The idea behind rehabilitation is that people are not born criminals, thus should be given a chance to be restored back into the society. It also prevents them from becoming recidivists. Rather than punishing them as a criminal, rehabilitation seeks, by means of education or therapy, to make the juvenile in conflict with law a healthy citizen of the society
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DEDICATION
This thesis is dedicated to children all over India facing delinquency or destitution and initiative for a change in living environment in juvenile home.
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Acknowledgments
I would like to express my sincere and warm gratitude to my guide
Ar. Khyati G. Tewari and Dr. Bhawana Vasudeva to offer valuable guidance. Thank you for your constant motivation and giving me the vision to possibilities and development of research skills throughout my thesis. I would also like to thank each and every faculty members and department employees for their efforts to make this thesis successful in this situation as well, thank you for your coordination.
I would like to extend my gratitude to sevral more people for their faith in me and support for this thesis I am deeply grateful to my family mebers Pragnesh Tamboli, Trupti Tamboli, Neer Tamboli, Dhwani Gandhi, Parth Gandhi and Trinay Gandhi for their constant support and motivation. I would like to extend my thanks to another family for their help, time and constant support throughout the journey. I solely thanks to Arbaz Patel, Akshay Ujeniya, Ruchi Patel and Vibhuti Chaudhary for always being there in ups and downs. Thank you to my dear senior Tahreem Khan to share your knowledge and providing me anything that I asked for on time, to Akash Varghese for your help all the way from Banaglore, to Ar. Nilay Patalia working with you gave me vision for design and practicality which helped me to develop design
Lastly, heartly thanks to Prof Mayur Gupta for your constant support throughout these five years, this have not been same without you, thank you for giving me such experience and opportunities.
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Abstract Dedication Acknowledgments List of figures List of tables Chapter 1 : Introduction Chapter 2 : Case study A. Juvenile detention centre, Maasberg, B. Government juvenile home Thiruvanathapuram Chapter 3 : Site selection and Analysis Chapter 4 : Programme Chapter 5 : Design Process Chapter 6 : Design Conclusion List of References 06 03 04 05 I-II II 15-17 16 17 18-23 24-27 28-31 32-40 41 42 07-14
TABLE OF CONTENT
LIST
FIGURES Fig. 1.1 World map of minimum age of juvenile 09 Fig. 1.2 Image showing beggary 09 Fig. 1.3 Image showing poverty 09 Fig. 1.4 Image showing delinquency area 09 Fig. 1.5 Image showing broken homes 09 Fig. 1.6 Image showing films and pornographic literature 09 Fig. 1.7 Image showing school declassification 09 Fig. 1.8 Image showing mental deficiency 09 Fig. 1.9 Image showing emotional problem 09 Fig. 1.10 Image showing mental retardation 09 Fig. 1.15 Activities in institutions 10 Fig. 1.17 Navjyoti India Foundation 12 Fig. 1.18 Prayas foundation 12 Fig. 1.19 SOS children village 12 Fig. 1.20 Image of children of Prayas foundation 12 Fig. 1.21 Image of children of Navjyoti India foundation 12 Fig. 1.22 Image of children of SOS children village 12 Fig. 1.25 Image of children 14 Fig. 1.26 Image of children 14 Fig. 2.1 Site location 16 Fig. 2.2 Site layout 16 Fig. 2.3 Zoom in plan 16 Fig. 2.4 Zoom in plan 16 Fig. 2.5 Image of exterior facade 16 Fig. 2.6 Image of interior space 16 Fig. 2.7 Site location 17 Fig. 2.8 Site layout 17 Fig. 2.9 Image of building 17 Fig. 2.10 Image of building 17 Fig. 2.11 Image of building 17 Fig. 2.12 Image of building 17 Fig. 2.13 Image of administration block 17 Fig. 3.1 Location of institute in Ahmedabad 19 Fig. 3.2 Image of existing juvenile 19 Fig. 3.3 Plan of existing juvenile building 20 Fig. 3.4 Interior image of courtyard 20 Fig. 3.5 Site layout 20 Fig. 3.6 Context 21 Fig. 3.7 Context 21 Fig. 3.8 Context 21 Fig. 3.9 Context 21 Fig. 3.10 Analysis plan 22 Fig. 3.11 Analysis plan 22 Fig. 3.12 Analysis plan 22 Fig. 3.13 Analysis plan 22 Fig. 3.14 Analysis plan 22 Fig. 3.15 Analysis plan 22 Fig. 3.16 Analysis plan 22 I
OF
Fig. 1.11 Availability of vocational training 10 Fig. 1.12 Adequacy of educational facilities 10 Fig. 1.13 Source of funding 10 Fig. 1.14 Number of borstal schools in India 10 Fig. 1.16 Process for delinquents 11 Fig. 1.23 Components of rehabilitation 12 Fig. 1.24 Bar of growth and activity 13 Fig. 3.17 Analysis plan 22 Fig. 3.18 Analysis plan 22 Fig. 3.19 Analysis plan 22 Fig. 3.20 Site analysis 23 Fig. 3.21 Proximity to other cities 23 Fig. 3.22 Land use plan 23 Fig. 4.1 Categories in juvenile home 23 Fig. 4.2 Programme 23 Fig. 4.3 Programme 23 Fig. 5.1 Primary functional components 29 Fig. 5.2 Primary functional components 29 Fig. 5.3 Primary functional components 29 Fig. 5.4 Primary functional components 29 Fig. 5.5 Primary functional components 29 Fig. 5.6 Built open ratio 29 Fig. 5.7 Built 29 Fig. 5.8 Orientation 29 Fig. 5.9 Conceptual diagram 31 Fig. 5.10 Conceptual diagram 31 Fig. 5.11 Conceptual diagram 31 Fig. 5.12 Conceptual diagram 31 Fig. 5.13 Conceptual diagram 31 Fig. 5.14 Conceptual diagram 31 Fig. 5.15 Schedule 31 Fig. 5.16 Proximity diagram 31 Fig. 5.17 Proximity diagram 31 Fig. 5.18 Proximity diagram 31 Fig. 5.19 Proximity diagram 31 II
LIST OF TABLES
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
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INTRODUCTION
It has been recognized that children and young adults are a major human resource for development and key agents for collective social change But it is only possible when they are involved to participate in the meaningful dialogues on issues that concern them the most
India has a strong legal framework cannot be denied and the JJ rules 2016 notified by the Ministry provide a robust mechanism for implementing the provisions of the Act, including - “idea of Individual care plan and follow up is more emphatic in these Rules as well as at almost every place while addressing the issue or problems faced by children in our country, a category of children that are almost always overlooked are the ‘Children in Conflict with the Law’
For instance, a notable aspect of this law is the mandatory creation of childcare institutions in every district of the nation. This spaces, often referred to as “children's home”, shelter all children, that might be needing governmental casted custody This includes both children in need of care and protection, (CNCP), who might have been rescued from being lost homeless are trafficked, and children in conflict with the law, (CICL), who have been accused of crime
The JJA appears strong on paper, but its implementation as a group of laws that govern almost a fifth of the world's child population needs to be tested Over the last decade, Research in different Indian State has shown that majority of children in juvenile justice home, have been physically assaulted, often being whipped by belts, hung from ceilings or beaten into false confession There have been countless exposes of staff trafficking children into child labor and prostitution, and even committing sexual assault.
Many believe that ‘these children get what they deserve’ and want to do little about the treatment meted out to them It must be realized that a child, given his/her relative immaturity, does not quite often understand the consequences of his/her actions and is extremely susceptible to his/her surroundings Even to such children we cannot allow deficit of hope and loss of dignity to destroy their childhood.
The minimum age of criminal responsibility is the age at which children may be prosecuted in the criminal justice system The average minimum age of criminal responsibility worldwide is 12 years and7 years in India What many do not know, or do not care to know, is that these wicked faces are, sadly, often only masks masks that children have put on themselves to hide their pain, anger, and fear, or masks that we, in our indifference and even revulsion, have actually put on them. Because we mistake their masks for their faces, we forget who these children are
JUVENILES IN DISTRESS
• 434 MILLION children in India
• 175 MILLION of children population in India is marginalized
• 144 MILLION of all children can be deemed to be destitute
• 25 MILLION orphan children in India
• 40,000 JUVENILES in conflict with law, living in institutes
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Classification of Juvenile delinquents
Vagabonds
Orphans Destitute Beggars Truants
(A) Social factors
Family background is one of the most potent influences on juvenile development Norms, values, models of behavior, and other imprints emanate from the family unit, and these factors create an internalized “blue- print” for the child personality, beliefs, and attitudes.
(B) Other Socio- economic (or) environment factors
Socio economic class Past conventional wisdom held that children from poor and working class backgrounds that is, youth in to the “dangerous classes are much more likely to engage in delinquent behavior
(C) Personal or individual factors
Personal factors such as mental deficiency and emotional disturbances may also contribute to juvenile delinquency
Fig. 1.1 Minimum age of juvenile in world
Fig. 1.2
Fig. 1.3
Fig. 1.4
Fig. 1.5
Fig. 1.10
Fig. 1.9
Fig. 1.8
Fig. 1.7
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Fig. 1.6
Juvenile
juvenile is a child or young person who is not yet old enough to be regarded as an adult
The term ‘juvenile’ which is derived from the Latin word ‘juvenils’, meaning young In India, Juvenile Justice Act of 1986 is treated as model legislation to provide uniformly in the country in respect of juvenile delinquents According to this Act, ‘Juvenile’ or ‘child’ means a person who has not completed eighteenth year of age The act also refers to certain children as neglected juvenile.
Juvenile delinquent
The Oxford dictionary defines a juvenile delinquent as “a person below the legal age of (criminal) responsibility and above a certain minimum age, who is held punishable for breaking the law” The legal definition of juvenile delinquency differs from country to country
Borstal school in India
The women and child development ministry has approved the setting up of 36 borstals or observation homes across India where such juveniles will be kept post-conviction, instead of in regular prisons, till they turn 21. Borstals are also correctional centres where such boys would be provided education, vocational training and psychological counseling The idea is to provide an environment where such young offenders can be reformed.
Rights of the Child in conflict with law
The process of Rehabilitation shall also secure the Rights of the child in conflict with law:
Every child in conflict with the law shall have the following rights, including but not limited to:
a) Humane treatment
b) No corporal punishment
c) Separation from adult criminals, if detained
d) Access to legal assistance
e) Bail and release on recognizance
f) Privacy
g) Diversion, if qualified
h) Proportionate judgment
i) Restrictions on liberty kept to a desirable minimum
j) Automatic suspension of sentence
k) Probation, if qualified
l) Confidentiality of proceedings
m) Right against discrimination
n) Constitutional rights
Number of Borstal schools in India
Fig. 1.11
Fig. 1.12
Fig. 1.13
Fig. 1.14
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Fig. 1.15
JUVENILE JUSTICE (CPC) ACT 2015 POLICE
Child in conflict with law (CICL) Child in Need of care & Protection (CNCP) & abandoned children
Issue F.I.R
Apprehension of CICL
CICL for committing offence punishable more than 7 years
Produce before Child Welfare Committee (C.W.C) for orders
Remand Report Before J.J.B
Age verification (Sec 94)
Inquiry within 4 months
Age verification (Sec 94)
Children below 6 years (orphan/surrendered/abandoned to be placed in Specialized adoption agency)
Remand Report
CWC is endowed with Judicial 1st class Magistrate Powers
Place him/her in Observation Home
Lodged in Special. Home for rehabilitation service on completion of inquiry and conviction
CPU (District Child Protection Unit Officer) will submit monthly report of child progress to JJB
Preliminary Assessment by JJB within 3 months
Age above 16 years below 18 years, Case transferred to Children’s court
Trial by Children’s Court following regular court proceedings (as in Adults)
CWO/DPCU/Probation officer to conduct social investigation and submit S.I.R (Social Investigation Report) within 15 days to CWC Orders for placing the child before the Parents/Guardian /Children Home
On being found guilty lodged in place of safety
After 21 Years age, sent to regular jail for the remaining period
Open Shelter (Community based facility for CNCP for residential support)
Children Home Foster Care
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Fig. 1.16
Literature Review And Findings
Studies indicate that the most effective way to find constructive solutions to involvement of children in activities that violate a law is to involve children in the process of rehabilitation and not to consider them as merely ‘trouble makers’ or ‘problem children’ in need of punishment Recognition of and respect for their rights as human being and as a child is an important first step in this direction.Thus Juvenile justice has made a departure from the criminal justice model of punishment recognizing the negative influence of association with adult offenders and the higher possibility of reformation of children being in the growing age where their capacities are still being built and developed Juvenile Justice adopted the path of reformation of children found to have committed an offence through various community based reformative and rehabilitative measures and using institutionalization as a measure of last resort and for the minimum period till suitable community based alternatives are found for them.
Few organizations all over india are promoting education and awareness to children both CINCP and CCWL for theisr better future Infrastructure of governmental and non governmental organizations are poor which needs to be improved, Education and other facilities needs to be considered. Scatered small oreganizations around perticular state sare lacking facilities and stakeholders are suffering due to absense of regular inspection
Gujarat being fifth in the juvenile crime doesn’t have any borstal school in state. Borstal schools where Young offenders are intentionally kept away from conventional prisoners because of the contaminating atmosphere of those prisons which act as a barrier to reform and rehabilitation it is required to create deterrence against committing crime along with creating a system conducive to reformation.
Fig. 1.17
Fig. 1.18
Fig. 1.19
Fig. 1.20
Fig. 1.21
Fig. 1.22
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Fig. 1.23
Aim Of The Project
The aim is to provide better living condition, opportunities and securities by solving recorded issue through providing built environment and sufficient infrastructure for living, education and rehabilitative activities as well.
Centre of Attention
▪ Centre for all age juvenile to upgrade their living condition and create well managed regulation
▪ First Borstal school(for 18 to 21 year old) in Gujarat to prevent them from prison at a very sensitive age, indulge them in education and vocational programs.
▪ Inclusion of new educational programs
▪ Establishing effective co-ordination mechanisms and cooperation with non governmental organization for various activities and awareness sessions
▪ Centre for the parental guidance to spread awareness about Juvenile delinquency and prevent.
(Riyadh Guidelines 1990)
career, Technical, and Agricultural Education (CTAE)
career, Technical, and Agricultural Education (CTAE) involves integrated relationships between academic education and specific career opportunities CTAE offers learning through a variety of career Pathways These pathways are state-approved career enhancement programs that, combined with the recommended academic course work, will prepare juveniles to continue their education and enter the world of work.it equip students with a broad range of skills to enable them to succeed in their future careers. They must learn to communicate effectively and develop the ability to master new skills and find creative solutions to problems Most importantly they must learn to continue to learn
Vision
Number of vocational courses through the Career, Technical and Agricultural Education (CTAE) program, which include auto service, computer information systems, construction, collision repair, cosmetology and horticulture The program allows students to earn technical certificate credits
One of the most formidable challenges, is how to implement a joint vocational program for pre-adjudicated youths, many of whom may only be at the facility for a short time, depending on their offense and how long it takes to get a ruling, joint programs, including on-line training, and introductory classes that get youths started with basic topics and computer/technical processes, so that they can continue the course at a technical college once released
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Fig. 1.24
ACTIVITIES UNDER CONCEPT OF REHABILITATION
METHODOLOGY
• The methodology is to interpret the connotation of juvenile and current scinario in india through research and case study
• To identify gap between current JJA laws and its translation in order to rehabilitation of juvenile delinquents.
• To relate new opportunities from literatures all over globe to fabricate robust programmatic framework in accordance with JJA(2016)
• To delineate above points, exploration in design and conceptualization of livable environment
CTAE workshop
Pottery
Sewing
Wood work
Metal work
Computer information
Construction
Cosmetology
Collision repair
Horticulture
Animal shelter
Fig. 1.25
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Fig. 1.26
CHAPTER 2 CASE STUDY
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CASE STUDIES
Juvenile detention centre
Location : Maasberg, Netherlands
Site area : 22,300 Sq.meter
The resolution of the world which aims at the interior is partly removed a new and more intensive interaction with the surrounding nature is aimed at for the youngsters, the open structure simulates the daily shifts between living, learning and recreation,
1. Entrance to area for transport
2. Renovation gymnasium
3. New building for living
4. Recreation outdoor
5. Renovation building for education
6. Existing building for living
7. Workplace and treatment centre
8. Pavillion for education
9. Entrance
10. Entrance for pedestrians
11. Main entrance
Openness of built and surrounding creates livable environment for juveniles, Equal distributions of facilities to built adds breathing space.
Each living spaces comprising of different colors and textures resembling each juvenile creates homely environment
The vertical apertures, have different bevel edges, following the youngsters to have different sight lines to the surrounding woodland scenery.
Pavilion and other open spaces creates an opportunity for outdoor activities
Site Layout
Site location
Fig. 2.1
Fig. 2.2
Fig. 2.5
Fig. 2.6
Fig. 2.3
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Fig. 2.4
Government juvenile home
Location : Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala
Site area : 17,000 Sq.meter
The site is located in the urban area of Tiran Purim city and hence it is easily accessible The area mainly houses jail institutions including the central jail, and special sub jail. The area also abounds in educational institutions, circulation pattern
Site Location
The circulation pattern
The circulation pattern is regulated, keeping in view, the safety aspects of the juvenile vehicular movement is not allowed beyond administrative law.
Spatial analysis
The planning is such that every room opens into the centre open space which is the majority activitie zone
The staffnroom is placed such that this central space is under the constant supervision of the staff This ensures the safety aspect of the children home, and prevent the unnoticed escape of any inmate.
The positioning of the administrative block is also such that the observation home children’s home can be directly supervised from here.
Fig. 2.7
Fig. 2.8
Fig. 2.9
Fig. 2.10
Fig. 2.11
Fig. 2.12
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Fig. 2.13
CHAPTER 3
SITE SELECTION AND ANALYSIS
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Site Location
Gujarat is 5th in juvenile crime in India
Ahmedabad has highest juveniles in Gujarat Being the largest city of Gujarat there are total 8 juvenile institutions working today
This institutions are running on small scale, with large number of stakeholders and poor infrastructure. Gujarat does not have any Borstal school working as an oportunity for juveniles between 18 to 21 years, to prevent from prison and getting dominated by prisoners borstal school is an approach towards better future
Scattered organizations with poor living environment are also difficult to inspect regularly and providing all the facilities are also a challange. Proposing a juvenile and borstal institute on a larger scale will help to acommodate all inmates with safer and breathable environment.
Fig. 3.1
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Fig. 3.2
Primary case study of existing building
Built area : 1200 sq.m
Inmate flow : 50 juveniles
The major age group og juvenile is 15 - 17 years and maximum stay period is 7 years. Only observation home between Gandhinagar, Ahmedabad, Nadiad and Anand.
▪ No open space other than courtyard
▪ Same teaching for all children, no enough classrooms, workshops
• Old construction with uneven distribution of built and open spaces
• No fix time with counselor
Regular schedule in juvenile
Entrance
Administration 3. Court room 4. Waiting room 5. Counselling room 6. Dormitory 7. Store room 8. Workshop 9. Washroom 10. Kitchen 11. Dining room 12. Activity room 13. Library 14. Verandah 15. Courtyard
1.
2.
Plan of existing juvenile building
Corridor connecting courtyard and rooms
Façade of existing building
Fig. 3.3
Fig. 3.4
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Fig. 3.5
Site : RTO circle
Site Area : 21,000 Sq.m
Site is located near RTO and on the edge of a waterbody adding a natural ambiance Context has ring road and government prison nearby and on the other side Sabarmati riverenhance its value
Fig. 3.6
Fig. 3.7
Fig. 3.8
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Fig. 3.9
S.W.O.T Analysis
Strength
1 There is a water body adjacent to the site adds an livable natural environment for juveniles.
2 Government prison in context provides more safety and security
3 Open land on other sides separates it from residential zone and add privacy.
4 Highway and internal roads nearby creates easy transformation from Ahmedabad and other cities
Weakness
1 Residential zones are growing around can interrupt the privacy and an environment of the juvenile.
2 Sabarmati Aashram in context can create chaotic traffic because of tourism
3. Nallah besides the site containing polluted water creates unhygienic environment
Opportunity
1 Site context consisting governmental and administrative campus around will increase security and surveillance
2. Fertile land will initiate the agricultural growth as included in programme
Threats
1 R T O besides the site may create unwanted disturbance.
2. Being in outskirts institution may find difficulty in basic facilities
3 Juvenile court in the old city and the distance between two administration can make the transformation hazardous.
Fig. 3.18
Fig. 3.19
Fig. 3.16
Fig. 3.17
Fig. 3.15
Fig. 3.13
Fig. 3.14
Fig. 3.12
Fig. 3.10
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Fig. 3.11
SITE AND CONTEXT
Fig. 3.20
Fig. 3.22
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Fig. 3.21
CHAPTER 4 PROGRAMME
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Categories in juvenile home
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Fig. 4.1
Programme
4.2 26
Fig.
4.3 27
Fig.
CHAPTER 5 DESIGN PROCESS
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The architecture of residential facilities for youth must be versatile and enhancing, rather than restricting the conduct of a wide range of program options
Easy access to and supervision of all program spaces, and the ability to use spaces in different ways at different times, are key considerations in the design process.
Spaces for various activities can be sometimes shared, and certain functions can be located off-site
Primary Functional Components
Fig. 5.1
Fig. 5.2
Fig. 5.3
Fig. 5.4
Fig. 5.5
Fig. 5.5
Fig. 5.6
Fig. 5.7
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Fig. 5.8
Fig. 5.9
Fig. 5.10
Fig. 5.11
Fig. 5.12
Fig. 5.13
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Fig. 5.14
Fig. 5.15
Fig. 5.16
Fig. 5.18
Fig. 5.17
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Fig. 5.19
CHAPTER 5 DESIGN
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CONCLUSION
The sight of children living under dreadful condition in juvenile in a movie “LION” with little sources of education and counselling had a deep impact on me, the fact that it is reality lead to choose this theses topic to see it more of reformation other than corporal punishment. The empowerment of children by ensuring their human rights and dignity provides an opportunity to change, the change which is required for the growth and development of our country. The way we deal with our children speaks volumes of our own character and ensures in laying a concrete foundation for the future generations to follow.
The body heals with play. The mind heals with laughter and the spirit heals with joy!
- Unknown
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REFRENCES
▪ Data Base of Child Care Institutions Registered under Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act 2000 (as amended in 2006)
▪ Standard Operating Procedures(SOP)data on rehabilitation of children in conflict with the law
▪ Joint report of the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime and the Special Representative of the Secretary-General on Violence against Children on prevention of and responses to violence against children within the juvenile justice system
▪ https://www.navjyoti.org.in/
▪ https://www.soschildrensvillages.in/
▪ https://www.keralaprisons.gov.in/borstal-school.html
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